FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Broeren, AP Bragg, MB Addy, HE Lee, S Moens, F Guffond, D AF Broeren, Andy P. Bragg, Michael B. Addy, Harold E., Jr. Lee, Sam Moens, Frederic Guffond, Didier TI Effect of High-Fidelity Ice-Accretion Simulations on Full-Scale Airfoil Performance SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMICS AB The simulation of ice accretion on a wing or other surface is often required for aerodynamic evaluation, particularly at small scale or low Reynolds number. Although there are commonly accepted practices for ice simulation, there are no established and validated guidelines. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of an experimental study establishing a high-fidelity, full-scale, iced-airfoil aerodynamic performance database. This research was conducted as apart of a larger program with the goal of developing subscale aerodynamic simulation methods for iced airfoils. Airfoil performance testing was carried out at the ONERA F1 pressurized wind tunnel using a 72 in. (1828.8 mm) chord NACA 23012 airfoil over a Reynolds number range of 4.5 x 10(6) to 16.0 x 10(6) and a Mach number range of 0.10 to 0.28. The high-fidelity ice-casting simulations had a significant impact on the aerodynamic performance. A spanwise-ridge ice shape resulted in a maximum lift coefficient of 0.56 compared with the clean value of 1.85 at Re = 15.9 x 10(6) and M = 0.20. Two roughness and streamwise shapes yielded maximum lift values in the range of 1.09 to 1.28, which was a relatively small variation compared with the differences in the ice geometry. The stalling characteristics of the two roughness ice simulations and one streamwise ice simulation maintained the abrupt leading-edge stall type of the clean NACA 23012 airfoil, despite the significant decrease in maximum lift. Changes in Reynolds and Mach numbers over the large range tested had little effect on the iced-airfoil performance. C1 [Broeren, Andy P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Addy, Harold E., Jr.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Icing Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Lee, Sam] ASRC Aerosp Corp, Icing Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Moens, Frederic] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Appl Aerodynam Dept, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Guffond, Didier] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Instrumentat & Sensing Dept, Atmospher Environm Res Unit, F-92322 Chatillon, France. RP Broeren, AP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Icing Branch, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. FU NASA [NCC3-1039, AS3304]; ASRC, Inc. FX The authors at the University of Illinois were supported under NASA grant NCC3-1039 and ASRC, Inc., subcontract AS3304 from NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field. This support is gratefully acknowledged. The Success of this collaborative research project is due to the combined efforts of many individuals at NASA, ONERA, and University of Illinois. In particular, the staff of the ONERA F1 facility provided excellent Support in the planning and execution of the aerodynamic testing. The ice simulations attached to the model during the testing were skillfully fabricated by the staff of the Aerospace Engineering Department Machine Shop at the University of Illinois. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 240 EP 254 DI 10.2514/1.45203 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 555AP UT WOS:000274479500024 ER PT J AU Lewis, J De Young, R Chu, DA AF Lewis, Jasper De Young, Russell Chu, D. Allen TI A Study of Air Quality in the Southeastern Hampton-Norfolk-Virginia Beach Region with Airborne Lidar Measurements and MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth Retrievals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DELHI AB A study of air quality was performed using a compact, aircraft aerosol lidar designed in the Science Directorate at NASA Langley Research Center and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals. Five flights of lidar measurements conducted in the Hampton-Norfolk-Virginia Beach, Virginia, region showed complex regional aerosol distributions. Comparisons with MODIS AOD at 10 km x 10 km and 5 km x 5 km resolutions show good agreement, with correlation R(2) values of 0.82 and 0.88, respectively. Linear regressions of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and AOD within the ranges of 5-40 mu g m(-3) and 0.05-0.7, respectively, result in R(2) values of similar to 0.64 and similar to 0.82 for MODIS and the Compact Aerosol Lidar, respectively. The linear regressions reflect approximately 51 mu g m(-3) to 1AOD. These relationships are in agreement with previous findings for air pollution aerosols in the eastern United States and in northern Italy. However, large vertical variation is seen case by case, with planetary boundary layer heights ranging between 0.7 and 2 km and uncertainties ranging between 0.1 and 0.4 km. The results of the case studies suggest that AOD can be used as an indicator of surface measurements of PM2.5 but with larger uncertainties associated with small aerosol loading (AOD < 0.3). C1 [Lewis, Jasper; De Young, Russell] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Chu, D. Allen] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lewis, Jasper] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Lewis, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM jasper.r.lewis@nasa.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2119.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 555UN UT WOS:000274541600001 ER PT J AU Kratz, DP Gupta, SK Wilber, AC Sothcott, VE AF Kratz, David P. Gupta, Shashi K. Wilber, Anne C. Sothcott, Victor E. TI Validation of the CERES Edition 2B Surface-Only Flux Algorithms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; SOLAR-RADIATION; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; TERRA SATELLITE; CLOUDS; PARAMETERIZATION; EARTH; TOP AB The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project uses two shortwave (SW) and two longwave (LW) algorithms to derive surface radiative fluxes on an instantaneous footprint basis from a combination of top-of-atmosphere fluxes, ancillary meteorological data, and retrieved cloud properties. Since the CERES project examines the radiative forcings and feedbacks for Earth's entire climate system, validation of these models for a wide variety of surface conditions is paramount. The present validation effort focuses upon the ability of these surface-only flux algorithms to produce accurate CERES Edition 2B single scanner footprint data from the Terra and Aqua spacecraft measurements. To facilitate the validation process, high-quality radiometric surface observations have been acquired that were coincident with the CERES-derived surface fluxes. For both SW models, systematic errors range from -20 to -12 W m(-2) (from -2.8% to 21.6%) for global clear-sky cases, while for the all-sky SW model, the systematic errors range from 14 to 21 W m(-2) (3.2%-4.8%) for global cloudy-sky cases. Larger systematic errors were seen for the individual surface types, and significant random errors where observed, especially for cloudy-sky cases. While the SW models nearly achieved the 20 W m(-2) accuracy requirements established for climate research, further improvements are warranted. For the clear-sky LW model, systematic errors were observed to fall within +/- 5.4 W m(-2) (+/- 1.9%) except for the polar case in which systematic errors on the order from -15 to 211 W m(-2) (from -13% to -7.2%) occurred. For the all-sky LW model, systematic errors were less than +/- 9.2 W m(-2) (+/- 7.6%) for both the clear-sky and cloudy-sky cases. The random errors were less than 17 W m(-2) (6.2%) for clear-sky cases and 28 W m(-2) (13%) for cloudy-sky cases, except for the desert cases in which very high surface skin temperatures caused an overestimation in the model-calculated surface fluxes. Overall, however, the LW models met the accuracy requirements for climate research. C1 [Kratz, David P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Gupta, Shashi K.; Wilber, Anne C.; Sothcott, Victor E.] Sci Syst Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Kratz, DP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM david.p.kratz@nasa.gov RI wilber, anne/F-6270-2011 FU NASA FX ARM data have been made available through the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. GMD data have been made available through NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory/Global Monitoring Division- Radiation (G-RAD). SURFRAD data have been made available through NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory/Surface Radiation Research Branch. The authors thank D. A. Rutan (SSAI) for providing the CAVE database, and E. G. Dutton for making available the BSRN data. The authors also thank B. A. Wielicki, P. W. Stackhouse, G. G. Gibson, and the reviewers for providing valuable advice and suggestions regarding the manuscript. The authors acknowledge the guidance and leadership of the late W. L. Darnell, who formed the surface-only flux algorithm group within the CERES project. This research was supported through the NASA Science Mission Directorate as part of the CERES project. NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 164 EP 180 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2246.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 555UN UT WOS:000274541600012 ER PT J AU Rapoport, I Taylor, P Kearns, J Schroder, DK AF Rapoport, I. Taylor, P. Kearns, J. Schroder, D. K. TI Two-side surface photovoltage studies for implanted iron diffusion in silicon during rapid thermal anneal SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE diffusion; doping profiles; elemental semiconductors; interstitials; ion implantation; iron; rapid thermal annealing; semiconductor doping; silicon; surface photovoltage ID CONTAMINATION AB Two-side surface photovoltage (TS-SPV) based on measuring SPV from both wafer sides is proposed as the approach for silicon iron contamination monitoring. TS-SPV is applied to follow diffusion of implanted iron in a lightly doped p-type silicon during rapid thermal anneal (RTA). Good correlation is found between the iron distribution versus RTA conditions in the range of 375-1100 degrees C. The impact of thermal donors in silicon after RTA at below 700 degrees C is illustrated. The portion of iron detectable by SPV (FeB pairs) is found as a function of RTA time and temperature. Iron diffusion activation energy was evaluated for the interstitial ionized iron Fe(i+) and for the interstitial neutral iron Fe(i0). Low thermal budget RTA combined with TS-SPV has been proven to be an effective iron contamination monitor to identify contamination sources, character, and location. C1 [Rapoport, I.] IR Proc Solut, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. [Taylor, P.] Wafer Reclaim Serv, Vancouver, WA 98682 USA. [Kearns, J.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Schroder, D. K.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Rapoport, I (reprint author), IR Proc Solut, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. EM igor.rapoport@cox.net NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 1 AR 013518 DI 10.1063/1.3275045 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 544WF UT WOS:000273689600033 ER PT J AU Kondo, H Yumoto, K Alwood, JS Mojarrab, R Wang, A Almeida, EAC Searby, ND Limoli, CL Globus, RK AF Kondo, Hisataka Yumoto, Kenji Alwood, Joshua S. Mojarrab, Rose Wang, Angela Almeida, Eduardo A. C. Searby, Nancy D. Limoli, Charles L. Globus, Ruth K. TI Oxidative stress and gamma radiation-induced cancellous bone loss with musculoskeletal disuse SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spaceflight; osteopenia; hindlimb unloading; alpha-lipoic acid ID ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID; MARROW STROMAL CELLS; SPACE-FLIGHT; TRABECULAR BONE; OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION; RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR; BODY IRRADIATION; IN-VIVO; MICE; RESORPTION AB Kondo H, Yumoto K, Alwood JS, Mojarrab R, Wang A, Almeida EA, Searby ND, Limoli CL, Globus RK. Oxidative stress and gamma radiation-induced cancellous bone loss with musculoskeletal disuse. J Appl Physiol 108: 152-161, 2010. First published October 29, 2009; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00294.2009.-Exposure of astronauts in space to radiation during weightlessness may contribute to subsequent bone loss. Gamma irradiation of postpubertal mice rapidly increases the number of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and causes bone loss in cancellous tissue; similar changes occur in skeletal diseases associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that increased oxidative stress mediates radiation-induced bone loss and that musculoskeletal disuse changes the sensitivity of cancellous tissue to radiation exposure. Musculoskeletal disuse by hindlimb unloading (1 or 2 wk) or total body gamma irradiation (1 or 2 Gy of (137)Cs) of 4-mo-old, male C57BL/6 mice each decreased cancellous bone volume fraction in the proximal tibiae and lumbar vertebrae. The extent of radiation-induced acute cancellous bone loss in tibiae and lumbar vertebrae was similar in normally loaded and hindlimb-unloaded mice. Similarly, osteoclast surface in the tibiae increased 46% as a result of irradiation, 47% as a result of hindlimb unloading, and 64% as a result of irradiation + hindlimb unloading compared with normally loaded mice. Irradiation, but not hindlimb unloading, reduced viability and increased apoptosis of marrow cells and caused oxidative damage to lipids within mineralized tissue. Irradiation also stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species in marrow cells. Furthermore, injection of alpha-lipoic acid, an antioxidant, mitigated the acute bone loss caused by irradiation. Together, these results showed that disuse and gamma irradiation, alone or in combination, caused a similar degree of acute cancellous bone loss and shared a common cellular mechanism of increased bone resorption. Furthermore, irradiation, but not disuse, may increase the number of osteoclasts and the extent of acute bone loss via increased reactive oxygen species production and ensuing oxidative damage, implying different molecular mechanisms. The finding that alpha-lipoic acid protected cancellous tissue from the detrimental effects of irradiation has potential relevance to astronauts and radiotherapy patients. C1 [Kondo, Hisataka; Yumoto, Kenji; Alwood, Joshua S.; Mojarrab, Rose; Wang, Angela; Almeida, Eduardo A. C.; Searby, Nancy D.; Globus, Ruth K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Biosci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kondo, Hisataka; Yumoto, Kenji; Limoli, Charles L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Radiat Oncol, Irvine, CA USA. RP Globus, RK (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Biosci Div, MS 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Ruth.K.Globus@NASA.gov RI Wang, Angela/B-9944-2008 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH04ZUU005N/RAD2004-0000-0110, NA05CV48A] FX This work was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grants NNH04ZUU005N/RAD2004-0000-0110 (R. K. Globus) and NNA05CV48A (C. L. Limoli). NR 57 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 108 IS 1 BP 152 EP 161 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00294.2009 PG 10 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 550VH UT WOS:000274158200023 PM 19875718 ER PT J AU Gatlin, PN Goodman, SJ AF Gatlin, Patrick N. Goodman, Steven J. TI A Total Lightning Trending Algorithm to Identify Severe Thunderstorms SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THUNDERCLOUD PARAMETERS; MAPPING ARRAY; STORM; ALABAMA; WSR-88D; PRECIPITATION; SYSTEM AB An algorithm that provides an early indication of impending severe weather from observed trends in thunderstorm total lightning flash rates has been developed. The algorithm framework has been tested on 20 thunderstorms, including 1 nonsevere storm, which occurred over the course of six separate days during the spring months of 2002 and 2003. The identified surges in lightning rate (or jumps) are compared against 110 documented severe weather events produced by these thunderstorms as they moved across portions of northern Alabama and southern Tennessee. Lightning jumps precede 90% of these severe weather events, with as much as a 27-min advance notification of impending severe weather on the ground. However, 37% of lightning jumps are not followed by severe weather reports. Various configurations of the algorithm are tested, and the highest critical success index attained is 0.49. Results suggest that this lightning jump algorithm may be a useful operational diagnostic tool for severe thunderstorm potential. C1 [Gatlin, Patrick N.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Goodman, Steven J.] NASA, NOAA NESDIS, GOES R Syst Program Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Gatlin, PN (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM gatlin@nsstc.uah.edu OI Gatlin, Patrick/0000-0001-9345-1457 FU NASA; NOAA/NESDIS GOES-R Program office FX Funding for this research was provided by the NASA SMD's Earth Science Division in support of the Short-term Prediction and Research Transition (SPoRT) program at Marshall Space Flight Center and by the NOAA/NESDIS GOES-R Program office. The authors thank Dr. Richard Blakeslee, John Hall, Jeff Bailey, and Sam Acoff for maintaining and processing the North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array and its output. Dr. Eugene "Bill'' McCaul Jr. provided lightning flash data from the source clustering "flash'' algorithm. We are grateful to Chris Darden and the local NWS weather forecast office in Huntsville, Alabama, for the collaboration and feedback they have provided on the operational utility of total lightning data and the lightning jump signature. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Earle Williams for his helpful comments and thorough review of this paper, as well as those of the anonymous reviewers. The views, opinions, and findings contained herein are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NASA, NOAA, or U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1286.1 PG 20 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547UK UT WOS:000273914800001 ER PT J AU Adam, M Demoz, BB Whiteman, DN Venable, DD Joseph, E Gambacorta, A Wei, J Shephard, MW Miloshevich, LM Barnet, CD Herman, RL Fitzgibbon, J Connell, R AF Adam, M. Demoz, B. B. Whiteman, D. N. Venable, D. D. Joseph, E. Gambacorta, A. Wei, J. Shephard, M. W. Miloshevich, L. M. Barnet, C. D. Herman, R. L. Fitzgibbon, J. Connell, R. TI Water Vapor Measurements by Howard University Raman Lidar during the WAVES 2006 Campaign SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOSONDE HUMIDITY SENSORS; INTERNATIONAL H2O PROJECT; VERTICAL RESOLUTION; PART I; SYSTEMS; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; PERFORMANCE; RETRIEVALS; HYGROMETER; IHOP-2002 AB Water vapor mixing ratio retrieval using the Howard University Raman lidar is presented with emphasis on three aspects: (i) comparison of the lidar with collocated radiosondes and Raman lidar, (ii) investigation of the relationship between atmospheric state variables and the relative performance of the lidar and sonde (in particular, their poor agreement), and (iii) comparison with satellite-based measurements. The measurements were acquired during the Water Vapor Validation Experiment Sondes/Satellites 2006 campaign. Ensemble averaging of water vapor mixing ratio data from 10 nighttime comparisons with Vaisala RS92 radiosondes shows, on average, an agreement within +/- 10%, up to similar to 8 km. A similar analysis of lidar-to-lidar data of over 700 profiles revealed an agreement to within 20% over the first 7 km (10% below 4 km). A grid analysis, defined in the temperature-relative humidity space, was developed to characterize the lidar-radiosonde agreement and quantitatively localizes regions of strong and weak correlations as a function of altitude, temperature, or relative humidity. Three main regions of weak correlation emerge: (i) regions of low relative humidity and low temperature, (ii) regions of moderate relative humidity at low temperatures, and (iii) regions of low relative humidity at moderate temperatures. Comparison of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder and Tropospheric Emission Sounder satellite retrievals of moisture with those of Howard University Raman lidar showed a general agreement in the trend, but the satellites miss details in atmospheric structure because of their low resolution. A relative difference of about +/- 20% is usually found between lidar and satellite measurements for the coincidences available. C1 [Adam, M.; Demoz, B. B.; Venable, D. D.; Joseph, E.; Connell, R.] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gambacorta, A.; Wei, J.] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Gambacorta, A.; Wei, J.; Barnet, C. D.] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Shephard, M. W.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Miloshevich, L. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Herman, R. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fitzgibbon, J.] Natl Weather Serv, Sterling, VA USA. RP Adam, M (reprint author), Howard Univ, 2355 6th St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM madam@howard.edu RI Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Adam, Mariana/C-5661-2013; Demoz, Belay/N-4130-2014 OI Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132; Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; FU NOAA; NASA FX This research was partially supported by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program Cooperative Agreement and the NASA Aura Validation Program. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 42 EP 60 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1331.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547UK UT WOS:000273914800003 ER PT J AU O'Brien, DM Polonsky, I Stephens, P Taylor, TE AF O'Brien, D. M. Polonsky, Igor Stephens, Philip Taylor, Thomas E. TI Feasibility of Cloud Screening Using Proxy Photon Pathlength Distributions Derived from High-Resolution Spectra in the Near Infrared SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTION DERIVATION; BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; OPTICAL DEPTH; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; PATH-LENGTH; ICE CLOUDS; RETRIEVAL; MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; ALGORITHM AB High-resolution spectra of reflected sunlight in the 2-mu m absorption band of CO(2) are simulated at the top of the atmosphere using cloud profiles and particle sizes from CloudSat analyzed meteorology from ECMWF, surface bidirectional distribution functions over land derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and a facet model of ocean reflectance. It is argued that in clear sky the photons will follow the direct path from sun to surface to satellite, because Rayleigh scattering is negligible at 2 mu m, so the distribution of photon pathlengths will be a delta function. A proxy for the photon pathlength distribution under any sky condition is recovered from the high-resolution spectrum by representing the distribution as a weighted sum of delta functions. Scenes are classified as clear or cloudy according to how closely the distribution approximates the ideal single d function for the direct path. The algorithm has an efficiency of approximately 75%, meaning that 25% of the clear cases will be rejected as cloudy. For scenes that pass the clear-sky test, the probability that the prediction will be correct is typically 95%. The algorithm appears to be robust, insensitive to instrument noise and to errors in the surface pressure and profiles of temperature and water vapor. The efficiency and confidence level of the algorithm are almost unchanged for bright surfaces such as sun glint. C1 [O'Brien, D. M.; Polonsky, Igor] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stephens, Philip] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Taylor, Thomas E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP O'Brien, DM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM obrien@atmos.colostate.edu FU NASA [1280999] FX This research was funded by NASA JPL Contract 1280999. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1340.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547UK UT WOS:000273914800009 ER PT J AU Millane, RP Stirling, GD Brown, RG Zhang, N Lo, VL Enevoldson, E Murray, JE AF Millane, R. P. Stirling, G. D. Brown, R. G. Zhang, N. Lo, V. L. Enevoldson, E. Murray, J. E. TI Estimating Wind Velocities in Mountain Lee Waves Using Sailplane Flight Data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; SAR IMAGES; AIRCRAFT; RADAR; SYSTEM; ALPS AB Mountain lee waves are a form of atmospheric gravity wave that is generated by flow over mountain topography. Mountain lee waves are of considerable interest, because they can produce drag that affects the general circulation, windstorms, and clear-air turbulence that can be an aviation hazard, and they can affect ozone abundance through mixing and inducing polar stratospheric clouds. There are difficulties, however, in measuring the three-dimensional wind velocities in high-altitude mountain waves. Mountain waves are routinely used by sailplane pilots to gain altitude. Methods are described for estimating three-dimensional wind velocities in mountain waves using data collected during sailplane flights. The data used are the logged sailplane position and airspeed (sailplane speed relative to the local air mass). An algorithm is described to postprocess this data to estimate the three-dimensional wind velocity along the flight path, based on an assumption of a slowly varying horizontal wind velocity. The method can be applied to data from dedicated flights or potentially to existing flight records used as sensors of opportunity. The methods described are applied to data from a sailplane flight in lee waves of the Sierra Nevada in California. C1 [Millane, R. P.; Stirling, G. D.; Brown, R. G.; Zhang, N.; Lo, V. L.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Computat Imaging Grp, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Enevoldson, E.; Murray, J. E.] NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Millane, RP (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Computat Imaging Grp, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM rick.millane@canterbury.ac.nz FU University of Canterbury; NZ TEC; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the UOC; NASA; Steve Fossett Challenges FX We are grateful to the University of Canterbury for award of a summer scholarship to RGB, the NZ TEC for award of Top Achiever Doctoral scholarship to NZ and VLL, the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the UOC for a research grant, and NASA for support. Perlan Project flights are supported by the Steve Fossett Challenges. We also acknowledge our late friend Harman Halliday, who encouraged us and provided us with the first flight data in the early stages of this project. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1274.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547UK UT WOS:000273914800010 ER PT J AU Murray, BJ Jensen, EJ AF Murray, Benjamin J. Jensen, Eric J. TI Homogeneous nucleation of amorphous solid water particles in the upper mesosphere SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Mesospheric clouds; PMC; Noctilucent clouds; NLC; PMSE; Homogeneous nucleation; Mesosphere; Mesopause; Amorphous solid water; Amorphous ice and gravity waves ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SUPERSATURATED VAPOR; ICE NUCLEATION; LIQUID WATER; CUBIC ICE; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; SURFACE-TENSION; SUMMER; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE AB Condensed water particles are known to exist in the high latitude upper mesosphere during the summer months However, the mechanism or mechanisms through which they nucleate remains uncertain It is postulated here that particles of amorphous solid water (ASW, condensed water with a non-crystalline structure) may nucleate homogeneously in the summer mesosphere Using classical nucleation theory and a one-dimensional model. it is shown that more than 10(5) cm(-3) amorphous solid water particles can nucleate homogeneously under mesopause conditions. Furthermore, it is shown that homogeneous nucleation competes with heterogeneous nucleation oil meteoric smoke particles when the cooling rate is >0.5 K/h. The homogeneous nucleation of amorphous solid water could provide an explanation for the high density of ice particles (many thousands per cm 3) thought to be required for electron depletions in the upper mesosphere. A parameterisation for homogeneous nucleation is presented which can be used in other mesospheric cloud models. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Murray, Benjamin J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Jensen, Eric J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Murray, BJ (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RI Murray, Benjamin/C-1219-2010 OI Murray, Benjamin/0000-0002-8198-8131 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/D009308/1]; NASA FX The authors thank Dimo Kashchiev for his guidance in nucleation theory, as well as Markus Rapp, Christoph Salzmann, John Plane and Russell Saunders for helpful discussions. BJM thanks the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/D009308/1) for his fellowship and the British Association for Crystal Growth for providing travel support which allowed BJM and EJJ to form a collaboration. EJJ thanks the NASA Helispheric Physics program for funding. NR 63 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 72 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.10.007 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543ZL UT WOS:000273620600006 ER PT J AU Stolarski, RS Douglass, AR Newman, PA Pawson, S Schoeberl, MR AF Stolarski, Richard S. Douglass, Anne R. Newman, Paul A. Pawson, Steven Schoeberl, Mark R. TI Relative Contribution of Greenhouse Gases and Ozone-Depleting Substances to Temperature Trends in the Stratosphere: A Chemistry-Climate Model Study SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL HOMOGENIZATION; CIRCULATION MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; LATITUDE; HOLE AB The temperature of the stratosphere has decreased over the past several decades. Two causes contribute to that decrease: well-mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). This paper addresses the attribution of temperature decreases to these two causes and the implications of that attribution for the future evolution of stratospheric temperature. Time series analysis is applied to simulations of the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model (GEOS CCM) to separate the contributions of GHGs from those of ODSs based on their different time-dependent signatures. The analysis indicates that about 60%-70% of the temperature decrease of the past two decades in the upper stratosphere near 1 hPa and in the lower midlatitude stratosphere near 50 hPa resulted from changes attributable to ODSs, primarily through their impact on ozone. As ozone recovers over the next several decades, the temperature should continue to decrease in the middle and upper stratosphere because of GHG increases. The time series of observed temperature in the upper stratosphere is approaching the length needed to separate the effects of ozone-depleting substances from those of greenhouse gases using temperature time series data. C1 [Stolarski, Richard S.; Douglass, Anne R.; Newman, Paul A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pawson, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schoeberl, Mark R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Stolarski, RS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Mail Code 613-3,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM richard.s.stolarski@nasa.gov RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014 OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X FU NASA FX Thanks to NASA for high-performance computing resources on "Project Columbia'' and staff at NAS for assistance in keeping the models running. We thank NASA's MAP Program for funding. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 28 EP 42 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2955.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 540TA UT WOS:000273361000004 ER PT J AU Couhert, A Schneider, T Li, JL Waliser, DE Tompkins, AM AF Couhert, Alexandre Schneider, Tapio Li, Juilin Waliser, Duane E. Tompkins, Adrian M. TI The Maintenance of the Relative Humidity of the Subtropical Free Troposphere SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR DISTRIBUTION; LARGE-SCALE ADVECTION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOISTURE; MODELS; FLUXES; ENERGY AB The relative importance of different processes in the water vapor balance of the troposphere is assessed, using high-resolution hindcast data from the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS) for December February 1998/99 interpolated to isentropic coordinates. The focus is on elucidating the processes that maintain the relative humidity of the subtropical free troposphere. The dominant drying process in the subtropical free troposphere is cross-isentropic subsidence driven by radiative cooling. In some subtropical regions [e.g., over continents in the Southern (summer) Hemisphere and over western portions of ocean basins in the Northern (winter) Hemisphere], drying by radiative subsidence is partially offset or overcompensated by moistening by cross-isentropic dynamic transport of water vapor from the surface upward (e.g., in convection). Any resultant net drying or moistening of the subtropical free troposphere by cross-isentropic motions is regionally primarily balanced by isentropic mean and eddy transport of water vapor from moister into drier regions. Isentropic transport redistributes water vapor within the subtropics and moderates relative humidity contrasts; however, it does not consistently lead to a substantial net import or export of water vapor into or out of the subtropics. C1 [Schneider, Tapio; Li, Juilin; Waliser, Duane E.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Tompkins, Adrian M.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. CALTECH, Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Schneider, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Mail Code 100-23,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM tapio@caltech.edu RI Schneider, Tapio /A-7038-2014; Tompkins, Adrian/N-6472-2013 OI Schneider, Tapio /0000-0001-5687-2287; Tompkins, Adrian/0000-0003-0975-6691 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0450059]; David and Lucile Packard Fellowship; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology FX A. Couhert and T. Schneider gratefully acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation (Grant ATM-0450059) and a David and Lucile Packard Fellowship. J. Li and D. Waliser were supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank Anthony Del Genio and Adam Sobel for helpful comments and discussions. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 2 BP 390 EP 403 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2952.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543FC UT WOS:000273555500011 ER PT J AU Wagstaff, KL Desjardins, M Eaton, E AF Wagstaff, Kiri L. Desjardins, Marie Eaton, Eric TI Modelling and learning user preferences over sets SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & THEORETICAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE set-based preferences; user preferences; preference learning ID RETRIEVAL; DIVERSITY AB Although there has been significant research on modelling and learning user preferences for various types of objects, there has been relatively little work on the problem of representing and learning preferences over sets of objects. We introduce a representation language, DD-PREF, that balances preferences for particular objects with preferences about the properties of the set. Specifically, we focus on the depth of objects (i.e. preferences for specific attribute values over others) and on the diversity of sets (i.e. preferences for broad vs. narrow distributions of attribute values). The DD-PREF framework is general and can incorporate additional object-and set-based preferences. We describe a greedy algorithm, DD-Select, for selecting satisfying sets from a collection of new objects, given a preference in this language. We show how preferences represented in DD-PREF can be learned from training data. Experimental results are given for three domains: a blocks world domain with several different task-based preferences, a real-world music playlist collection, and rover image data gathered in desert training exercises. C1 [Wagstaff, Kiri L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Desjardins, Marie; Eaton, Eric] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci, Multiagent Planning & Learning Lab, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Wagstaff, KL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 306-463,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kiri.wagstaff@jpl.nasa.gov OI Wagstaff, Kiri/0000-0003-4401-5506 FU NSF [ITR-0325329]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported by NSF grant # ITR-0325329 and was partly carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Thanks to James MacGlashan and Ryan Carr for gathering the music data set. We also thank the participants of the rover image study for donating their time. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-813X J9 J EXP THEOR ARTIF IN JI J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 BP 237 EP 268 DI 10.1080/09528130903119336 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 626QG UT WOS:000279981000004 ER PT J AU Wen, JH Wang, YF Wang, WL Jezek, KC Liu, HX Allison, I AF Wen, Jiahong Wang, Yafeng Wang, Weili Jezek, K. C. Liu, Hongxing Allison, I. TI Basal melting and freezing under the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-BALANCE; OCEAN INTERACTION; WEST ANTARCTICA; SHEET; GLACIER; PENINSULA; LAMBERT; BENEATH; VELOCITY; STABILITY AB The basal melting and freezing rates under the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, are evaluated, and their spatial distributions mapped. Ice velocity, surface elevation and accumulation rate datasets are employed in the analysis, along with a column-averaged ice density model. Our analysis shows that the total area of basal melting is 34 700 km(2), with a total annual melt of 62.5 +/- 9.3 Gt and an average melting rate of 1.8 +/- 0.3 m a(-1). Basal freezing mainly occurs in the northwestern part of the ice shelf, over a total area of 26 100 km(2) and with a maximum freezing rate of 2.4 +/- 0.4 m a(-1). The total marine ice that accretes to the ice-shelf base is estimated to be 16.2 +/- 2.4 Gt a(-1). Using a redefined grounding line and geometry of the Amery Ice Shelf, we estimate the net melt over the ice-shelf base is about 46.4 +/- 6.9 Gt a(-1), which is higher than previous modeling and oceanographic estimates. Net basal melting accounts for about half of the total ice-shelf mass loss, with the rest being from iceberg discharge. Our basal melting and freezing distribution map provides a scientific basis for quantitative analysis of ice-ocean interaction at the ice-shelf-ocean interface. C1 [Wen, Jiahong; Wang, Yafeng] Shanghai Normal Univ, Dept Geog, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yafeng] Jiangsu Univ Sci & Technol, Informat Ctr Lib, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Weili] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jezek, K. C.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Liu, Hongxing] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Allison, I.] Australian Antarctic Div, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Allison, I.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst CRC, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Wen, JH (reprint author), Shanghai Normal Univ, Dept Geog, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China. EM jhwen@shnu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40871035, 40730526]; Shanghai Municipal Education Commission; Shanghai Education Development Foundation [05SG46, S30406]; Shanghai Normal University [DZL801]; Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS), University of Kansas FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through grants 40871035 and 40730526, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, the Shanghai Education Development Foundation through grants 05SG46 and S30406, and the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Normal University through grant DZL801. K. Jezek was partially supported by the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS), University of Kansas. Jiahong Wen expresses gratitude to the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre for hosting a visit to Hobart to complete the paper. We also thank M.B. Giovinetto for providing accumulation compilations, R. Coleman, N. Young, H.A. Fricker, J. DiMarzio and M. Craven for providing the geoid model, grounding line, DEM and in situ GPS and accumulation data over the Amery Ice Shelf, and R. Warner for valuable suggestions. Constructive comments and suggestions from M. King and two anonymous reviewers have been very helpful in improving this paper. NR 54 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 195 BP 81 EP 90 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 642YK UT WOS:000281257600009 ER PT J AU Koenig, LS Hall, DK AF Koenig, Lora S. Hall, Dorothy K. TI Comparison of satellite, thermochron and air temperatures at Summit, Greenland, during the winter of 2008/09 SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLAR PATHFINDER DATASET; SEA-ICE TEMPERATURE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; RADIATION PROPERTIES; ARCTIC SURFACE; IN-SITU; RECENT TRENDS; MASS-LOSS; SHEET; CLOUD AB Current trends show a rise in Arctic surface and air temperatures, including over the Greenland ice sheet where rising temperatures will contribute to increased sea-level rise through increased melt. We aim to establish the uncertainties in using satellite-derived surface temperature for measuring Arctic surface temperature, as satellite data are increasingly being used to assess temperature trends. To accomplish this, satellite-derived surface temperature, or land-surface temperature (LST), must be validated and limitations of the satellite data must be assessed quantitatively. During the 2008/09 boreal winter at Summit, Greenland, we employed data from standard US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) air-temperature instruments, button-sized temperature sensors called thermochrons and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite instrument to (1) assess the accuracy and utility of thermochrons in an ice-sheet environment and (2) compare MODIS-derived LSTs with thermochron-derived surface and air temperatures. The thermochron-derived air temperatures were very accurate, within 0.1 +/- 0.3 degrees C of the NOAA-derived air temperature, but thermochron-derived surface temperatures were similar to 3 degrees C higher than MODIS-derived LSTs. Though surface temperature is largely determined by air temperature, these variables can differ significantly. Furthermore, we show that the winter-time mean air temperature, adjusted to surface temperature, was similar to 11 degrees C higher than the winter-time mean MODIS-derived LST. This marked difference occurs largely because satellite-derived LSTs cannot be measured through cloud cover, so caution must be exercised in using time series of satellite LST data to study seasonal temperature trends. C1 [Koenig, Lora S.; Hall, Dorothy K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Koenig, LS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lora.s.koenig@nasa.gov RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012 FU NASA FX We thank T. Mefford at NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory for allowing the use of the NOAA temperatures, CH2M HILL Polar Services for logistics support, and K. Huybers for helping monitor the thermochrons. Part of the work was supported by NASA's Cryospheric Sciences Program. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 198 BP 735 EP 741 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 665ID UT WOS:000283027700017 ER PT J AU Hulbe, CL Wang, WL Ommanney, S AF Hulbe, Christina L. Wang, Weili Ommanney, Simon TI Women in glaciology, a historical perspective SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBGLACIAL WATER-PRESSURE; WEST GREENLAND; FAST-FLOW; DENSITY-MEASUREMENTS; JAKOBSHAVNS-ISBRAE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HIGHER-EDUCATION; SCIENCE; ICE; GENDER AB Women's history in glaciology extends as far back in time as the discipline itself, although their contributions to the scientific discourse have for all of that history been constrained by the sociopolitical contexts of the times. The first Journal of Glaciology paper authored by a woman appeared in 1948, within a year of the founding of the Journal, but it was not until the 1980s that women produced more than a few percent of Journal and Annals of Glaciology papers. Here international perspectives on women's participation in the sciences are presented in order to establish an economic and sociopolitical context for stories of women 'pioneers' in glaciology and a frame in which to discuss women's persistent under-representation relative to men. We find that the experiences of individual glaciologists mirror women's experiences in higher education and the sciences as a whole. The existence of both positive and negative trends in women's participation in the sciences suggests caution in the interpretation of recent positive trends for women's participation in glaciology. C1 [Hulbe, Christina L.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Wang, Weili] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ommanney, Simon] Scott Polar Res Inst, Cambridge, England. RP Hulbe, CL (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM chulbe@pdx.edu FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [0838810, 0538015] FX The authors thank Magnus Mar Magnusson, Ken Cruikshank and Scott Waibel for assistance with the ICS authors database. We thank Atsumu Ohmura for his assistance with interviews. Gracias to Olga Nasello for helping us learn about Laura Levi and for patience with C.L.H.'s rudimentary Spanish. Thanks to Julie Palais for insight into polar exploration and to Teresia Teaiwa for the Pacific view. C.L.H. is particularly indebted to Dr Ann Little for her assurance during the review process that both history and historiography matter. C.L.H. was supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) grants No. 0838810 and 0538015. NR 211 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 200 SI SI BP 944 EP 964 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 818KP UT WOS:000294750900002 ER PT J AU Kwok, R AF Kwok, R. TI Satellite remote sensing of sea-ice thickness and kinematics: a review SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; SNOW DEPTH; MOTION; DEFORMATION; IMAGERY; DRIFT; SSM/I; VALIDATION; ANTARCTICA; ALTIMETRY AB Observations of sea-ice thickness and kinematics are essential for understanding changes in sea-ice mass balance, interactions between the ice cover and the ocean and atmosphere and for improving projections of sea-ice response in a warming climate. These parameters are not directly observable with current sensor technology, but are derived from satellite altimetry and imagery. While there is progress in the retrievals of Arctic sea-ice thickness from satellite altimetry, approaches to address Southern Ocean ice thickness require additional attention. On the other hand, procedures to derive sea-ice motion from satellite imagery are more mature and better understood and have been employed to produce useful results for more than a decade. Adequate sampling of sub-daily ice motion, however, remains a challenge. Generally, satellite instruments provide large-scale coverage but the frequency of temporal sampling is limited by orbit characteristics. In this review, I focus on the approaches, uncertainties, sampling limitations and validation issues associated with the estimation of sea-ice thickness and motion. I provide a summary of current and anticipated capabilities for monitoring sea-ice thickness and kinematics from space. The prospects for continuing these measurements into the next decade, from a satellite remote-sensing perspective, are discussed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kwok, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Ronald.Kwok@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA FX I thank S. Laxon for providing valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 62 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 19 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 200 SI SI BP 1129 EP 1140 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 818KP UT WOS:000294750900018 ER PT J AU Pritchard, HD Luthcke, SB Fleming, AH AF Pritchard, H. D. Luthcke, S. B. Fleming, A. H. TI Understanding ice-sheet mass balance: progress in satellite altimetry and gravimetry SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND OUTLET GLACIERS; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; CLIMATE EXPERIMENT; GRAVITY RECOVERY; EAST GREENLAND; GRACE; SHELF; ACCELERATION; COLLAPSE AB Satellite remote sensing has come to dominate the measurement of glacier and ice-sheet change. Three independent methods now exist for assessing ice-sheet mass balance and we focus on progress in two: satellite altimetry (ICESat) and gravimetry (GRACE). With improved spatial and temporal sampling, and synergy with ice flow measurements, both the mechanisms and causes changing mass balance can be investigated. We present examples of mass losses due to widespread, intensifying glacier dynamic thinning in northwest Greenland, but local ablation rates in the northeast that are unchanged for decades. Advances in GRACE processing reveal Greenland net ice-sheet mass loss continuing into 2010, at 195 +/- 30 Gt a(-1). A similarly negative trend in the Gulf of Alaska has significant spatial and temporal variation, that highlights the importance of intense summer melting here. Strong summer melt on the Antarctic Peninsula also precipitated recent ice-shelf collapse and prompted rapid dynamic thinning of tributary glaciers at up to 70 m a(-1). Thinning continued for years to decades after collapse and propagated far inland. While understanding of the physical mechanisms of change continues to improve, estimates of future behaviour, and in particular the near-future glacial sea-level contribution, still rely on projections from such observations. We introduce the suite of new sensors that will monitor the ice sheets into the future. C1 [Pritchard, H. D.; Fleming, A. H.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Luthcke, S. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Pritchard, HD (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM hprit@bas.ac.uk RI Luthcke, Scott/D-6283-2012 NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 29 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 200 SI SI BP 1151 EP 1161 DI 10.3189/002214311796406194 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 818KP UT WOS:000294750900020 ER PT J AU Park, RS Werner, RA Bhaskaran, S AF Park, Ryan S. Werner, Robert A. Bhaskaran, Shyam TI Estimating Small-Body Gravity Field from Shape Model and Navigation Data SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 18-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS AB This paper presents a method to model the external gravitational field and to estimate the internal density variation of a small body. The first problem discussed is the modeling of the external gravitational field using finite element definitions, such as cubes and spheres, assuming the polyhedral shape and internal density distribution are provided. The gravitational attractions computed using finite element approach are compared with the true uniform-density polyhedral attraction and the level of accuracies are presented. The second problem discussed is the inverse problem where the internal density variation is determined by estimating the density of each finite element assuming the body shape, radiometric measurements, and a priori density constraints are given. This is presented via covariance analysis, which gives the level of uncertainty in the estimated densities. The result shows that the accuracy of the estimated density variation can be significantly improved depending on the orbit altitude, finite element resolution, and measurement accuracy, which indicates that the finite element approach can be used as a close-proximity navigation model around small bodies. C1 [Park, Ryan S.; Bhaskaran, Shyam] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Outer Planet Nav Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Werner, Robert A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Opt Nav Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Park, RS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Outer Planet Nav Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ryan.s.park@jpl.nasa.gov; robert.a.werner@jpl.nasa.gov; shyam.bhaskaran@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.2514/1.41585 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 543QC UT WOS:000273592300018 ER PT J AU Goerzen, C Kong, Z Mettler, B AF Goerzen, C. Kong, Z. Mettler, B. TI A Survey of Motion Planning Algorithms from the Perspective of Autonomous UAV Guidance SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE Autonomous; UAV; Guidance; Trajectory; Motion planning; Optimization; Heuristics; Complexity; Algorithm ID GENERALIZED VORONOI GRAPH; SENSOR-BASED EXPLORATION; DYNAMIC WINDOW APPROACH; OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE; PROBABILISTIC ROADMAPS; MOBILE ROBOTS; VEHICLES; STRATEGIES AB A fundamental aspect of autonomous vehicle guidance is planning trajectories. Historically, two fields have contributed to trajectory or motion planning methods: robotics and dynamics and control. The former typically have a stronger focus on computational issues and real-time robot control, while the latter emphasize the dynamic behavior and more specific aspects of trajectory performance. Guidance for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), including fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, involves significant differences from most traditionally defined mobile and manipulator robots. Qualities characteristic to UAVs include non-trivial dynamics, three-dimensional environments, disturbed operating conditions, and high levels of uncertainty in state knowledge. Otherwise, UAV guidance shares qualities with typical robotic motion planning problems, including partial knowledge of the environment and tasks that can range from basic goal interception, which can be precisely specified, to more general tasks like surveillance and reconnaissance, which are harder to specify. These basic planning problems involve continual interaction with the environment. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of existing motion planning algorithms while adding perspectives and practical examples from UAV guidance approaches. C1 [Kong, Z.; Mettler, B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Goerzen, C.] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Res Fdn, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Mettler, B (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM chad.goerzen@us.army.mil; mettler@aem.umn.edu RI Kong, Zhaodan/E-9362-2015 OI Kong, Zhaodan/0000-0002-2493-1366 FU Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate FX This work owes its existence to the funding from the Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, and collaboration with the ongoing Autonomous Rotorcraft Project. NR 126 TC 144 Z9 152 U1 44 U2 179 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 EI 1573-0409 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 65 EP 100 DI 10.1007/s10846-009-9383-1 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 527IM UT WOS:000272360700005 ER PT J AU Ishibashi, K Abel, PB Suzuki, M Suzuki, M Miyoshi, K AF Ishibashi, Kenichi Abel, Phillip B. Suzuki, Masahiro Suzuki, Manabu Miyoshi, Kazuhisa TI Wear of Materials by Lunar Regolith Simulant SO JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SOCIETY OF TRIBOLOGISTS LA Japanese DT Article DE abrasion; moon; dust; simulant; ceramics; cermet; alloy AB An investigation was conducted to examine the effects of lunar mare regolith simulant on wear properties of engineering materials for lunar moving mechanical assembly applications. Experiments were conducted with rolling balls in contact with still disks in air at room temperature. The simulant particles developed at NASA with sizes ranging from 25 to 37 mu m were interposed between the contacting surfaces of balls and disks in relative motion. The disk materials were a variety of ceramics, tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co), and 440 C stainless steel. Results indicate that the abrasive action of the simulant particles produced cracks, brittle-fractured pits, and plastically deformed grooves on the surfaces of ceramics and WC-Co, while it produced plastically deformed grooves on 440 C stainless steel. The wear characteristics generally depended on the fracture toughness and hardness of materials. The wear volume loss of the materials having the fracture toughness (MPa.m(1/2)) of 4 or lower was much greater than that having 6 or greater. It is found that 440 C stainless steel, zirconia, silicon nitride, WC-Co, boron carbide and silicon carbide can be effective, abrasion-resistant materials to the simulant in air. C1 [Ishibashi, Kenichi] Nippon Inst Technol, Grad Sch, Miyashiro, Saitama 3458501, Japan. [Abel, Phillip B.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Suzuki, Masahiro] JTEKT Corp, R&D Ctr, Kashiwara, Osaka 5828588, Japan. [Suzuki, Manabu; Miyoshi, Kazuhisa] Nippon Inst Technol, Res Ctr Adv Mat & Technol, Miyashiro, Saitama 3458501, Japan. RP Ishibashi, K (reprint author), Nippon Inst Technol, Grad Sch, 1-1 Gakuendai 4 Chome, Miyashiro, Saitama 3458501, Japan. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU JAPAN SOC TRIBOLOGISTS PI TOKYO PA KIKAI SHINKO KAIKAN NO 407-2 5-8 SHIBA-KOEN 3-CHOME MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0915-1168 J9 J JPN SOC TRIBOLOGIS JI J. Jpn. Soc. Tribol. PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 SI SI BP 398 EP 405 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 634VO UT WOS:000280614100009 ER PT J AU Klem, MT Young, M Douglas, T AF Klem, Michael T. Young, Mark Douglas, Trevor TI Biomimetic synthesis of photoactive alpha-Fe2O3 templated by the hyperthermophilic ferritin from Pyrococus furiosus SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DPS-LIKE PROTEIN; SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES; CONSTRAINED SYNTHESIS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; WATER; FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION; VIRUS; CAGES AB Utilizing a biomimetic approach toward materials synthesis a ferritin protein cage, from the hyperthermophilic archeaon Pyrococcus furiosus, was utilized to first tempate the formation of a largely amorphous ferrihydrite iron oxide and then bring about its transformation to hematite (alpha-Fe2O3). This was achieved under boiling aqueous conditions by refluxing the ferritin protein cage/ferrihydrite composite. The resultant material showed diffraction indicative of hematite, a visible band gap semiconductor, and photocurrents were measured under visible illumination. The resultant protein/mineral composite was also studied via dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and size exclusion chromatography. C1 [Young, Mark; Douglas, Trevor] Montana State Univ, NASA, Astrobiol Biogeocatalysis Ctr, Dept Chem & Biochem,Ctr BioInspired Nanomat, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Young, Mark] Montana State Univ, NASA, Astrobiol Biogeocatalysis Ctr, Dept Plant Sci,Ctr BioInspired Nanomat, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Klem, Michael T.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Biochem, Butte, MT USA. RP Douglas, T (reprint author), Montana State Univ, NASA, Astrobiol Biogeocatalysis Ctr, Dept Chem & Biochem,Ctr BioInspired Nanomat, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM tdouglas@chemistry.montana.edu RI Douglas, Trevor/F-2748-2011 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0709358]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46477] FX This research was supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (CBET-0709358), and the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-07ER46477). NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 65 EP 67 DI 10.1039/b918620d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 529TU UT WOS:000272542100006 ER PT J AU Nourbakhsh, A Yang, JP Gallagher, S Nanda, A Vannemreddy, P Garges, KJ AF Nourbakhsh, Ali Yang, Jinping Gallagher, Sean Nanda, Anil Vannemreddy, Prasad Garges, Kim J. TI A safe approach to explore/identify the V-2 segment of the vertebral artery during anterior approaches to cervical spine and/or arterial repairs: anatomical study Laboratory investigation SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE LA English DT Article DE cervical spine; vertebral artery; transverse process; uncinate process; cadaver dissection ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; V2 SEGMENT; DECOMPRESSION; SURGERY; INJURY; LOCATION; SPACE AB Object. The purpose of this study was to find a landmark according to which the Surgeon can dissect the cervical spine safely, with the lowest possibility of damaging the vertebral artery (VA) during anterior approaches to the cervical spine or the VA. Methods. The "safe zone" for each level of the cervical spine was described as an area where the Surgeon can start from the midline in that zone and dissect the Soft tissue laterally to end Lip on the transverse process and cross the VA while still on the transverse process. In other words, safe zone signifies the narrowest width of the transverse process at each level. In Such in approach, the VA is protected from the inadvertent deep penetration of the instalments by the transverse process. The surgical safe zone for each level was the common area among at least 95% of the safe zones for that level. For the Purpose of defining the upper and lower borders of the safe zone for each level, the line passing from the upper vertebral border perpendicular to the midline (upper vertebral border line) was used as a reference. Cervical spines of 64 formalin-fixed cadavers were dissected. The soft tissue in front of the transverse process and intertransverse space was removed. Digital pictures of the specimens were taken before and after removal of the transverse processes, and the distance to the upper and lower border of the safe zone front the upper vertebral border line wits measured on the digital pictures with Image J software. The VA diameter and distance from the midline at each level were also measured. To compare the means, the authors used t-test and ANOVA. Results. The Surgical safe zone lies between I mm above and I mm below the upper vertebral border at the fourth vertebra, 2 mm above and I mm below the upper vertebral border at the fifth vertebra, and I min above and 2 min below the upper vertebral border of the sixth vertebra. The VA was observed to be tortuous in 13% of the intertransverse spaces. There is a positive association between disc degeneration and tortuosity of the VA at each level (p < 0.001). The artery becomes closer to the midline (p < 0.001) and moves posteriorly during its ascent. Conclusions. Dissection of the soft tissue off the bone along the surgical safe zone and removal of the transverse process afterward can be it practical and safe approach to avoid artery lacerations. The findings in the present study can be used in anterior approaches to the cervical spine, especially when the tortuosity of the artery mandates exposure of the VA prior to uncinate process resection, tumor excision, or VA repair. (DOI: 10.3171/2009.7.SPINE08504) C1 [Nourbakhsh, Ali; Yang, Jinping; Gallagher, Sean; Garges, Kim J.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Orthoped Surg, Galveston, TX USA. [Nanda, Anil; Vannemreddy, Prasad] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Shreveport, LA 71105 USA. RP Garges, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Spine Inst, 18100 St John Dr, Nassau Bay, TX 77058 USA. EM kjgarges@earthlink.net NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1547-5654 J9 J NEUROSURG-SPINE JI J. Neurosurg.-Spine PD JAN PY 2010 VL 12 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.3171/2009.7.SPINE08504 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 536AX UT WOS:000273015600006 PM 20043760 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Williams, TV Connell, JW AF Lin, Yi Williams, Tiffany V. Connell, John W. TI Soluble, Exfoliated Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanosheets SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; GRAPHENE; SOLUBILIZATION; NANORIBBONS; CHEMISTRY; GRAPHITE AB Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), the isoelectric analogue of graphite, was functionalized using lipophilic and hydrophilic amine molecules. The functionalization induced the exfoliation of the layered structure of h-BN, resulting in few-layered and monolayered nanosheets soluble in common organic solvents and/or water. The soluble h-BN nanosheets were characterized using various solution-phase and solid-state techniques. For example, the optical extinction coefficients of the h-BN nanosheets in homogeneous dispersions were estimated to be much lower than those of graphene sheets, confirming their low-colored nature. Solution-phase NMR spectroscopy supported the mechanism that the amino groups of the functional molecules complex to the electron-deficient boron atoms on the h-BN nanosheet surfaces in terms of Lewis acid base interactions. Results from other microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations, Of these functionalized two-dimensional nanomaterials are also presented, and the implications of the reported versatile and effective functionalization strategy are discussed. C1 [Lin, Yi] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Williams, Tiffany V.; Connell, John W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, 100 Explorat Way, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM yi.lin-1@nasa.gov OI Williams, Tiffany/0000-0003-3463-9200 FU NASA [NNH06CC03B]; Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars (LARSS) FX We thank Dr. W. Cao for experimental assistance in HR-TEM and D. Hartman for XRD measurements. Y.L. was partially supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Langley Research Center, administered by ORAU through NASA Contract NNH06CC03B. T.V.W. was supported by the Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars (LARSS) Program. NR 46 TC 212 Z9 214 U1 54 U2 321 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1021/jz9002108 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 586KD UT WOS:000276905600060 ER PT J AU Johnson, RT Montgomery, DC Jones, B Parker, PA AF Johnson, Rachel T. Montgomery, Douglas C. Jones, Bradley Parker, Peter A. TI Comparing Computer Experiments for Fitting High-Order Polynomial Metamodels SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Optimal Design; Response Surface; Space-Filling Design ID MODELS; DESIGNS; EXAMPLE AB The use of simulation as a modeling and analysis tool is wide spread. Simulation is an enabling tool for experimenting virtually on a validated computer environment. Often the underlying function for a computer experiment result has too much curvature to be adequately modeled by a low-order polynomial. In such cases, finding an appropriate experimental design is not easy. We evaluate several computer experiments assuming the modeler is interested in fitting a high-order polynomial to the response data considering both optimal and space-filling designs. We also introduce a new class of hybrid designs that can be used for deterministic or stochastic simulation models. C1 [Johnson, Rachel T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Douglas C.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Syst & Operat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Jones, Bradley] SAS Inst, JMP Div, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Parker, Peter A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Johnson, RT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rtjohnso@nps.edu; doug.montgomery@asu.edu; Bradley.Jones@jmp.com; peter.a.parker@nasa.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 42 IS 1 BP 86 EP 102 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 541JS UT WOS:000273411700007 ER PT J AU Schmidt, GA AF Schmidt, Gavin A. TI Enhancing the relevance of palaeoclimate model/data comparisons for assessments of future climate change SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE palaeoclimate; modelling; PMIP; IPCC; climate sensitivity ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; SIMULATED CLIMATE; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; EARLY HOLOCENE; UNITED-STATES; CHANGE EVENT; MIDHOLOCENE AB I discuss the role of model/data comparisons for past climate changes and use of such comparisons for enhancing credibility in future projections. I outline a framework in which data synthesis combined with suitable modelling targets should be able to reduce uncertainty in both. By focusing on areas that the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment report (IPCC AR4) highlighted as being particularly uncertain in future projections, or where current models produce a very wide range of responses, the relevance of palaeoclimate data could be greatly enhanced. Specific targets include: the long-term behaviour of El Nino events and the potential response to volcanic and solar forcing; the variability of subtropical rainfall and the extent of the Hadley Circulation and their response to orbital and high-latitude forcing; ice sheet responses on submillennial timescales; multidecadal changes in the North Atlantic ocean circulation and, certainly, overall climate sensitivity. In each case, I highlight data synthesis steps and modelling approaches necessary for reducing the uncertainty. In particular, I stress the need for coordinated model simulation archives that are conformal to those used in simulations of the 20th century and beyond and the consistency of models used for past and future climate simulations. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Schmidt, Gavin A.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Schmidt, Gavin A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Schmidt, GA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM gschmidt@giss.nasa.gov RI Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012 OI Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486 FU NASA Modeling and Analysis FX I would like to thank the editors for inviting me to submit this review and the many people who I have discussed this topic with over the last year or so. In particular, conversations at the Leverhulme Climate Symposium in Cambridge (2008), the PAGES/CLIVAR workshop in Trieste (2008) and at the International Conference on Paleoceanography in Shanghai (2007) were extremely helpful. Special thanks to Mike Mann, Peter Huybers, Eric Steig, Kim Cobb, Mark Sidall, Reto Knutti, Jacqueline Fluckiger, Sandy Harrison, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Caspar Ammann and Eric Wolff who have contributed (willingly or not) to making this a much more rounded article. Comments from Sylvie Joussaume and Patrick Bartlein on an early draft were very helpful. Climate modelling at GISS is supported by the NASA Modeling and Analysis Program. NR 59 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0267-8179 J9 J QUATERNARY SCI JI J. Quat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1002/jqs.1314 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 545YS UT WOS:000273773900008 ER PT J AU Rumsey, CL AF Rumsey, Christopher L. TI Compressibility Considerations for k-omega Turbulence Models in Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Applications SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID SKIN FRICTION; HEAT TRANSFER; MACH NUMBERS; FLAT PLATE; FLOWS AB The ability of k-omega models to predict compressible turbulent skin friction in hypersonic boundary layers is investigated. Although uncorrected two-equation models can agree well with correlations for hot-wall cases, they tend to perform progressively worse (particularly for cold walls) as the Mach number is increased in the hypersonic regime. Simple algebraic models such as Baldwin-Lomax perform better compared to experiments and correlations in these circumstances. Many of the compressibility corrections described in the literature are summarized here. These include corrections that have only a small influence for k-omega models or that apply only in specific circumstances. The most widely used general corrections were designed for use with jet or mixing-layer free-shear flows. A less-well-known dilatation-dissipation correction intended for boundary-layer flows is also tested and is shown to agree reasonably well with the Baldwin-Lomax model at cold-wall conditions. It exhibits a less dramatic influence than the free-shear type of correction. There is clearly a need for improved understanding and better overall physical modeling for turbulence models applied to hypersonic boundary-layer flows. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Aerosci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Rumsey, CL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Aerosci Branch, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.2514/1.45350 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 558BT UT WOS:000274716000001 ER PT J AU White, SM AF White, S. M. TI High-Temperature Spectrometer for Thermal Protection System Radiation Measurements SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB To better characterize the response of thermal protection system materials to predicted near-infrared shock layer radiation, a new experimental system was developed to extend the measurement range of radiation transport parameters to high-temperature environments and relatively high-radiation fluxes. A port-able research-grade spectrometer was coupled with fiber optics in order to operate in a variety of harsh operating environments. Experimental results are presented from tests performed at the solar tower, which provided broadband nonpulsed visible and infrared radiation at relatively high-flux levels. Data from three low-density porous refractory fibrous materials are presented, including two shuttle tile materials (fibrous refractory composite insulation and Lockheed International) and one carbon fiber material. The results showed that thin 1 and 2 rum specimens of the ceramic tile materials acted as robust high-temperature gray filters in the near infrared, whereas thicker tile specimens (and 1 mm and thicker porous carbon fiber matrix samples tested) absorbed the incident radiation strongly and exhibited only thermal radiation spectral profiles. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Thermal Protect Mat & Syst Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP White, SM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Thermal Protect Mat & Syst Branch, Mail Stop 234-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU NASA FX This work was supported by and performed for NASA's Crew Exploration Vehicle TPS Advanced Development Project. The author would like to thank many people for useful technical discussions and collaboration, including Jim Arnold, Dave Bogdanoff, Brett Cruden, Don Ellerby, Jay Grinstead, Bernard Laub, George Raiche, and Ethiraj Venkatapathy of NASA Ames Research Center, Siu-Chun Lee of Applied Sciences, and Cheryl Ghanbari, J. J. Kelton, Daniel Ray, and Rod Mahoney of Sandia National Laboratory. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.2514/1.45222 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 558BT UT WOS:000274716000002 ER PT J AU Baumann, E Pahle, JW Davis, MC White, JT AF Baumann, Ethan Pahle, Joseph W. Davis, Mark C. White, John Terry TI X-43A Flush Airdata Sensing System Flight-Test Results SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 18-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP AIAA AB NASA has flight tested a flush airdata sensing system on the Hyper-X research vehicle (X-43A) at hypersonic speeds during the course of two successful flights. The flush airdata sensing system was calibrated to operate between Mach 3 and Mach 8, and flight-test data were collected between Mach 1 and Mach 10. The flush airdata sensing system acquired pressure data from surface-mounted ports and generated a real-time angle-of-attack estimate onboard the X-43A. The collected data were primarily intended to evaluate the flush airdata sensing system performance, and the estimated angle of attack was used by the flight control algorithms on the X-43A for only a portion of the first successful flight. A separate set of algorithm calibrations based on wind-tunnel data was found to match the flight results better than the analytically derived calibrations at the lower Mach numbers. This paper provides an overview of the flush airdata sensing system and angle-of-attack estimation algorithms, the in-flight angle-of-attack estimation algorithm performance, and the comparisons between flight-test data, analytical predictions, and wind-tunnel results. Flight-test results indicate that the flush airdata sensing system is a viable technique for generating a real-time angle-of-attack estimate at hypersonic velocities. C1 [Baumann, Ethan; Pahle, Joseph W.] NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Controls & Dynam Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. [Davis, Mark C.] NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Aerodynam & Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. [White, John Terry] Tybrin Corp, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Baumann, E (reprint author), NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Controls & Dynam Branch, POB 273 Mail Stop 4840D, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.2514/1.41163 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 558BT UT WOS:000274716000005 ER PT J AU Gaier, JR Siamidis, J Larkin, EMG AF Gaier, James R. Siamidis, John Larkin, Elizabeth M. G. TI Effect of Simulated Lunar Dust on the Properties of Thermal Control Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB NASA Johnson Space Center's lunar simulant JSC-1AF has been applied to a white thermal control paint and a second-surface mirror thermal control surfaces on aluminum or composite substrates in a simulated lunar environment. The temperature of these surfaces was monitored as they were heated with a solar simulator and cooled in a 30 K cold box. Thermal modeling was used to determine the absorptivity (alpha) and emissivity (epsilon) of the thermal control surfaces in both their clean and dusted states. Then, a known amount of power was applied to the samples while in the cold box and the steady-state temperatures measured. It was found that even a submonolayer of simulated lunar dust can significantly degrade the performance of both white paint and second-surface mirror type radiators under simulated lunar conditions. Contrary to earlier studies, dust was found to affect epsilon as well as alpha. Dust lowered the emissivity by as much as 16% in the case of the white thermal control paint and raised it by as much as 11% in the case of the second-surface mirror. The degradation of thermal control surface by dust as measured by alpha/epsilon rose monotonically regardless of the thermal control coating or substrate, and extrapolated to degradation by a factor 3 at full coverage by dust. Submonolayer coatings of dust were found to not significantly change the steady-state temperature at which a shadowed thermal control surface will radiate. C1 [Gaier, James R.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Space Environm & Expt Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Siamidis, John] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Thermal Syst Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Larkin, Elizabeth M. G.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Gaier, JR (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Space Environm & Expt Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.2514/1.41785 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 558BT UT WOS:000274716000013 ER PT J AU Garrett, HB Jun, I Johnston, A Edmonds, L Evans, RW AF Garrett, Henry B. Jun, Insoo Johnston, Allan Edmonds, Larry Evans, Robin W. TI Analysis of Single-Event Upset Rates on the Clementine and Cassini Solid-State Recorders SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID ION TRACKS; DRAMS AB As part of a "data mining" effort to evaluate the value of ground testing in predicting the performance of microelectronics in space, the responses to single-event upsets of the Clementine 2.1 Gbit solid-state data recorder and two Cassini 2.5 Gbit solid-state recorders were analyzed. As the systems were tested for single-event upset sensitivities before flight, in situ estimates of the environments allow evaluation of single-event upset models and ground tests to predict flight performance using actual data. The recorders' dynamic random access memories, despite having different manufacturers, have similar single-event upset cross sections, permitting a comparison of environmental effects for two very different missions (lunar versus Saturn). Earlier studies had revealed upset rates of similar to 71 (Clementine) and similar to 280 bit flips/day (Cassini) due to the galactic cosmic ray background. Whereas there was no obvious correlation with solar and trapped protons for Clementine, the Cassini solid-state recorders demonstrated responses to both. This difference was explained by applying the Cassini proton cross sections to the Clementine observations, which showed that the proton upset rates were too low to be observed by Clementine. This study completes the original Clementine analyses and demonstrates agreement between Cassini upsets and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory SATRAD proton model. Finally, the pronounced lunar altitude dependence of Clementine upsets is shown to fit galactic cosmic ray flux variations due to lunar shielding. C1 [Garrett, Henry B.; Jun, Insoo; Johnston, Allan; Edmonds, Larry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Evans, Robin W.] Gibbel Corp, Montrose, CA 91020 USA. RP Garrett, HB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 122-107,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.2514/1.43688 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 558BT UT WOS:000274716000015 ER PT J AU Scott, JR Martini, MC AF Scott, James R. Martini, Michael C. TI High-Speed Solution of Spacecraft Trajectory Problems Using Taylor Series Integration SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 18-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS C1 [Scott, James R.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Syst Engn & Anal Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Martini, Michael C.] Analex Corp, Syst Engn & Anal Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Scott, JR (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Syst Engn & Anal Div, 21000 Brookpark Rd,Mail Stop 86-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 199 EP 202 DI 10.2514/1.43459 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 558BT UT WOS:000274716000018 ER PT J AU Vance, S Brown, JM AF Vance, Steve Brown, J. Michael TI Sound velocities and thermodynamic properties of water to 700 MPa and-10 to 100 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PURE WATER; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; DISTILLED WATER; LIQUID WATER; TEMPERATURE; SPEED; DENSITY AB Sound velocities in liquid water were measured by the method of impulsive stimulated scattering in a sapphire-windowed high-pressure cell from -10 to 100 degrees C and pressures as high as 700 MPa. Velocity measurements are compared with previous experimental efforts relative to the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS-95) formulation for the equations of state. At 0 and -10 C, sound velocities are in agreement with the one previously published study at sub-zero temperatures to 350 MPa. At ambient and elevated temperatures, differences between the present measurements and IAPWS-95 velocities approach 0.5% near 700 MPa. Inversion of velocity data for density yields results within IAPWS-95 uncertainties, except at the highest temperatures, where elevated sound velocity at high pressure corresponds to as much as -0.2% disagreement with IAPWS-95. (C) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3257223] C1 [Vance, Steve] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Brown, J. Michael] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brown, J. Michael] Univ Washington, Astrobiol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Vance, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-401,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM svance@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Science Foundation [DGE- 9870713]; NSF [EAR-0337796]; NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNX08AQ51G]; NASA [NNG06GF81G]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology FX The majority of the work presented here was performed while S.V. was a student at the University of Washington, supported by National Science Foundation's IGERT program (Grant No. DGE- 9870713), "IGERT: Astrobiology: Life in and beyond Earth's Solar System," NSF Award No. EAR-0337796, and the NASA Astrobiology Institute and NASA Outer Planets Research Program Award Nos. NNX08AQ51G and NNG06GF81G. Later measurements and analysis were supported by the Icy Worlds node of NASA's Astrobiology Institute, the NASA Postdoctoral Program, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 127 IS 1 BP 174 EP 180 DI 10.1121/1.3257223 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 540UF UT WOS:000273364700022 PM 20058961 ER PT J AU Acree, CW AF Acree, C. W., Jr. TI Impact of Aerodynamics and Structures Technology on Heavy Lift Tiltrotors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Rotor performance and aeroelastic stability are presented for a 124,000-lb large civil tilt rotor (LCTR) design. It was designed to carry 120 passengers for 1200 nm, with performance of 350 kt at 30,000-ft altitude. Design features include a low-mounted wing and hingeless rotors, with a very low cruise tip speed of 350 ft/s. The rotor and wing design processes are described, including rotor optimization methods and wing/rotor aeroelastic stability analyses. New rotor airfoils were designed specifically for the LCTR; the resulting performance improvements are compared to current technology airfoils. Twist, taper, and precone optimization are presented, along with the effects of blade flexibility on performance. A new wing airfoil was designed, and a composite structure was developed to meet the wing load requirements for certification. Predictions of aeroelastic stability are presented for the optimized rotor and wing, along with summaries of the effects of rotor design parameters on stability. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Acree, CW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Cecil.W.Acree@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 AR 012002 DI 10.4050/JAHS.55.012002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 745CN UT WOS:000289141600003 ER PT J AU Bousman, WG Norman, T AF Bousman, William G. Norman, Thomas TI Assessment of Predictive Capability of Aeromechanics Methods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HELICOPTER; ROTORS AB A technique is described based on simple statistics that can be used to assess the accuracy of analytical predictions compared to measurements. It is demonstrated that the approach can be applied to a broad range of problems in the area of helicopter aeromechanics, including hover and forward flight performance, blade aerodynamic and structural loads, vibratory forces, and aeroelastic/aeromechanical stability. The method described has both strengths and weaknesses, and these are shown with examples and discussed. It is also shown that there is currently a hierarchy of accuracy in aeromechanics problems, ranging from the necessarily accurate methods for performance prediction to the inaccurate and untrustworthy calculations of fixed-system vibration. C1 [Bousman, William G.] Quercus Associates SL, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Norman, Thomas] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bousman, WG (reprint author), Quercus Associates SL, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM barlowi@earthlink.net NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 AR 012001 DI 10.4050/JAHS.55.012001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 745CN UT WOS:000289141600002 ER PT J AU Sargent, DC Schmitz, FH Sim, BW AF Sargent, D. Caleb Schmitz, Fredric H. Sim, Ben W. TI In-Flight Array Measurements of Tail Rotor Harmonic Noise SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Acoustic data utilizing a unique flying microphone boom array were processed and analyzed using a time domain averaging technique, based on a theoretical tail rotor one-per-rev signal, to obtain tail rotor acoustic time histories for forward and descending flight. This flying microphone array approach provides useful insight into the directivity and noise mechanisms associated with the harmonic noise generated by the Bell 206B tail rotor. Comparisons between linear harmonic noise theory and the time-averaged experimental data show good agreement and indicate that the average harmonic noise of the 206B is dominated by thickness noise near the tip path plane of the tail rotor and by loading noise at the out-of-plane microphone positions. The data also provide trends associated with the overall sound pressure level (OASPL) for both forward velocity and descent angle. A significant variance about the tail rotor harmonic noise is also shown, possibly indicating that other sources of aperiodic tail rotor harmonic noise may be important. C1 [Sargent, D. Caleb; Schmitz, Fredric H.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sim, Ben W.] AFDD, UARC, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Sargent, DC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM calsarge@umd.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 AR 012006 DI 10.4050/JAHS.55.012006 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 745CN UT WOS:000289141600007 ER PT J AU Yeo, H Sinsay, JD Acree, CW AF Yeo, Hyeonsoo Sinsay, Jeffrey D. Acree, C. W., Jr. TI Selection of Rotor Solidity for Heavy Lift Tiltrotor Design SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The process of rotor blade area sizing during conceptual design was explored for the design of military and civil heavy lift tiltrotors. The use of the comprehensive rotorcraft analysis CAMRAD II was investigated as an aid to aircraft sizing, performed in the RC design code. Hover, cruise, and turn performance calculations were conducted on a initial design from RC with CAMRAD II. The results of this were then fed back into RC and the designs updated. A sustained, level-altitude, 45-deg bank angle, coordinated turn capability at 80 kt was chosen as the critical maneuver condition. This quasi-steady-state condition was modeled in CAMRAD II. Three different ways, appropriate for conceptual design, to quantify the necessary rotor solidity for the maneuver were examined: (I) total power required, (2) a rotor stall boundary as defined by the slope of aircraft power, and (3) a rotor stall boundary defined by the rise in rotor profile power. Stall boundary, defined by a rise in rotor profile power, was identified as the preferred way to select rotor solidity in maneuver. The method developed shows promise as a reasonable approach to accessing rotor solidity requirements during conceptual design. C1 [Yeo, Hyeonsoo; Sinsay, Jeffrey D.] USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Ames Res Ctr, Res Dev & Engn Command, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Acree, C. W., Jr.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aeromech Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Yeo, H (reprint author), USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Ames Res Ctr, Res Dev & Engn Command, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM hyeonsoo.yeo@us.army.mil NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 AR 012010 DI 10.4050/JAHS.55.012010 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 745CN UT WOS:000289141600011 ER PT J AU Tian, L Heymsfield, GM Heymsfield, AJ Bansemer, A Li, LH Twohy, CH Srivastava, RC AF Tian, Lin Heymsfield, Gerald M. Heymsfield, Andrew J. Bansemer, Aaron Li, Lihua Twohy, Cynthia H. Srivastava, Ramesh C. TI A Study of Cirrus Ice Particle Size Distribution Using TC4 Observations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RAINDROP SPECTRA; WATER-CONTENT; ER-2 AIRCRAFT; RADAR SYSTEM; CLOUD RADAR; PARAMETERIZATION; MIDLATITUDE; SNOW AB An analysis of two days of in situ observations of ice particle size spectra, in convectively generated cirrus, obtained during NASA's Tropical Composition, Cloud, and Climate Coupling (TC4) mission is presented. The observed spectra are examined for their fit to the exponential, gamma, and lognormal function distributions. Characteristic particle size and concentration density scales are determined using two (for the exponential) or three (for the gamma and lognormal functions) moments of the spectra. It is shown that transformed exponential, gamma, and lognormal distributions should collapse onto standard curves. An examination of the transformed spectra, and of deviations of the transformed spectra from the standard curves, shows that the lognormal function provides a better fit to the observed spectra. C1 [Heymsfield, Gerald M.; Li, Lihua] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tian, Lin; Srivastava, Ramesh C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Heymsfield, Andrew J.; Bansemer, Aaron] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Twohy, Cynthia H.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Srivastava, Ramesh C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Tian, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM tian@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011 FU NASA; Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center FX We thank Ed Zenker and Paul Racette for their engineering support. This work and the radar and in situ data collection were supported by the TC4 campaign sponsored by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. Prof. Ramesh Srivastava was supported by a Goddard visiting fellowship at the Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 1 BP 195 EP 216 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3114.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 549WV UT WOS:000274086000011 ER PT J AU Chae, JH Sherwood, SC AF Chae, Jung Hyo Sherwood, Steven C. TI Insights into Cloud-Top Height and Dynamics from the Seasonal Cycle of Cloud-Top Heights Observed by MISR in the West Pacific Region SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DEEP CONVECTION; VERTICAL VELOCITY; OCEANIC CONVECTION; RADIATIVE IMPACTS; RESOLVING MODEL; NAURU-ISLAND; TOGA COARE; CIRRUS AB The connection between environmental stability and the height of tropical deep convective clouds is analyzed using stereo cloud height data from the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), focusing on the seasonal cycle of clouds over the western Pacific Ocean. Three peaks in cloud-top height representing low, mid-topped, and deep convective clouds are found as in previous studies. The optically thickest cloud heights are roughly 2 km higher on the summer side of the equator, where CAPE is higher, than on the winter side. Overall cloud height, however, is about the same on both sides of the equator, but; 600 m higher in December-February (DJF) than in June-August (JJA). Because of variations in stratospheric upwelling, temperatures near the tropopause exhibit a significant seasonal cycle, mainly above 13 km. Using an ensemble of simulations by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) cloud-resolving model and a simple overshooting parcel calculation, the authors show that the cloud height variation can be explained by that of near-tropopause stability changes, including influence from heights above 14 km, even though the cloud height peaks only near 12 km. This suggests that mixing above cloud top-not typically accounted for in simple models of convection-is important in setting the height of the laminar (anvil) high clouds that result. The MISR data indicate a seasonal variation in peak cloud-top temperature of; 5 K, despite the recent proposal that cloud-top heights should track a fixed isotherm. That proposal must therefore be applied with caution to any climate-change scenario that may involve significant changes in stratospheric upwelling. C1 [Chae, Jung Hyo; Sherwood, Steven C.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. RP Chae, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM junghyo.chae@aya.yale.edu RI Sherwood, Steven/B-5673-2008; Chae, Jung Hyo/E-5296-2010 OI Sherwood, Steven/0000-0001-7420-8216; FU NASA IDS [NNG04GH66G] FX We thank F. Robinson for his help in running the WRF model, and C. Maroney and the rest of the MISR science team for help and advice. This research was funded by NASA IDS Grant NNG04GH66G. NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 1 BP 248 EP 261 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3099.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 549WV UT WOS:000274086000014 ER PT J AU Smart, MC Ratnakumar, BV Chin, KB Whitcanack, LD AF Smart, M. C. Ratnakumar, B. V. Chin, K. B. Whitcanack, L. D. TI Lithium-Ion Electrolytes Containing Ester Cosolvents for Improved Low Temperature Performance SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BATTERIES; CELLS; IMPEDANCE; INTERCALATION; CARBONATES; GRAPHITE; LIBOB AB As part of our continuing efforts to develop advanced electrolytes to improve the performance of lithium-ion cells, especially at low temperatures, we have identified a number of electrolyte cosolvents that can be incorporated into multicomponent electrolyte formulations for enhanced performance, especially at very low temperatures (down to -70 degrees C). In the current work, we investigated a number of ester cosolvents, namely methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, and butyl butyrate, in multicomponent electrolytes of the following composition: 1.0 M LiPF(6) in ethylene carbonate (EC) + ethyl methyl carbonate + X (20:60:20 vol. %) [where X = ester cosolvent]. Emphasis was placed upon determining the effect of electrolyte type upon the low temperature performance in experimental meso-carbon microbeads-LiNi(x)Co(1-x)O(2) cells (equipped with reference electrodes) and characterizing their influence upon the lithium intercalation/deintercalation kinetics. These cells were subjected to electrical characterization (charge and discharge at different temperatures and rates) as well as electrochemical characterization (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization, and Tafel polarization measurements). These electrolytes have been optimized to provide good low temperature performance (down to -60 degrees C), while still offering reasonable high temperature resilience to produce the desired wide operating temperature systems (-60 to +60 degrees C). This has primarily been achieved by fixing the EC-content at 20% and the ester cosolvent at 20% in contrast to the previously developed systems. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3501236] All rights reserved. C1 [Smart, M. C.; Ratnakumar, B. V.; Chin, K. B.; Whitcanack, L. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Smart, MC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM marshall.c.smart@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA-Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESRT); Department of Energy FX The work described here was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and under sponsorship of the NASA-Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESRT) and the Department of Energy (BATT Program-LBNL). NR 38 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 53 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 12 BP A1361 EP A1374 DI 10.1149/1.3501236 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 676SH UT WOS:000283938300013 ER PT J AU West, WC Shevade, A Soler, J Kulleck, J Smart, MC Ratnakumar, BV Moran, M Haiges, R Christe, KO Prakash, GKS AF West, W. C. Shevade, A. Soler, J. Kulleck, J. Smart, M. C. Ratnakumar, B. V. Moran, Matthew Haiges, Ralf Christe, Karl O. Prakash, G. K. Surya TI Sulfuryl and Thionyl Halide-Based Ultralow Temperature Primary Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE discharges (electric); electric impedance measurement; electrochemical electrodes; gallium compounds; ionic conductivity; lithium compounds; secondary cells ID CHLORIDE FLUORIDE; PERFORMANCE AB Catholyte formulations were examined for lithium primary batteries with the goal to develop ultralow temperature capable batteries. These catholyte solutions were studied in terms of ionic conductivity, film forming properties, and discharge characteristics. Impedance measurements indicated that LiGaCl(4) dissolved in sulfuryl chloride fluoride and that chlorodifluoromethane formed stable passive films at both the lithium anode and porous carbon cathode. Cells incorporating these catholytes could be discharged for as low as -130 degrees C, which is approximately 50 degrees C lower in temperature than any other battery chemistry ever reported, to our knowledge. C1 [West, W. C.; Shevade, A.; Soler, J.; Kulleck, J.; Smart, M. C.; Ratnakumar, B. V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Electrochem Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Moran, Matthew; Haiges, Ralf; Christe, Karl O.; Prakash, G. K. Surya] Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Moran, Matthew; Haiges, Ralf; Christe, Karl O.; Prakash, G. K. Surya] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP West, WC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Electrochem Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM william.c.west@jpl.nasa.gov RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors thank S. R. Narayanan for fruitful discussions and guidance throughout the project. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 5 BP A571 EP A577 DI 10.1149/1.3353235 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 581WF UT WOS:000276555300003 ER PT J AU Ricklick, M Kapat, JS Heidmann, J AF Ricklick, Mark Kapat, J. S. Heidmann, James TI Sidewall Effects on Heat Transfer Coefficient in a Narrow Impingement Channel SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID CROSS-FLOW; JETS; ARRAY AB This paper examines the local and averaged effects of channel height in the presence of sidewalls on heat transfer coefficients, with special attention given to the sidewall behavior. High resolution local heat transfer coefficient distributions on target and sidewall surfaces were computed using temperature sensitive paint, recorded via a scientific-grade charge-coupled device camera, and compared with available literature. This is important, as many of the major correlations related to impingement channels are directly applicable to wide arrays of jets, for which the influence of the presence of sidewalls is minimal. Streamwise pressure distributions were recorded and used to explain heat transfer trends and to determine the thermal effectiveness of each channel. Results are presented for average jet-based Reynolds numbers between 17,000 and 45,000. All experiments were carried out on a large-scale single-row 15-hole impingement channel (with an X/D of 5, a Y/D of 4, and a Z/D of 1, 3 and 5). It was observed that available correlations accurately predict the target surface beat transfer coefficients when the influence of the sidewall is minimal, typically at larger channel heights and lower Reynolds numbers. Smaller channel heights tend to outperform larger channels, when considering thermal effectiveness and channel-averaged heat transfer rates, due to the increased heat transfer on the channel sidewalls. C1 [Ricklick, Mark; Kapat, J. S.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Lab Turbine Heat Transfer & Aerodynam, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Heidmann, James] NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Turbomachinery & Heat Transfer Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Ricklick, M (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Lab Turbine Heat Transfer & Aerodynam, 813 Murdock Blvd, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.2514/1.44166 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 550GR UT WOS:000274116800013 ER PT J AU Silk, EA Bracken, P AF Silk, Eric A. Bracken, Philip TI Spray Cooling Heat Flux Performance Using POCO HTC Foam SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER MECHANISM; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SATURATED FC-72; WATER SPRAY; IMPACT; ENHANCEMENT; GRAPHITE AB Previous studies have shown that spray cooling heat flux enhancement may be attained using enhanced surfaces. Most enhanced surface spray cooling studies have been performed using either extended or embedded surface structures. The present study investigates the effect of POCO HTC foam on spray cooling heat flux. The copper blocks used in the heat flux performance study had a cross-sectional area of 2.0 cm(2). The POCO HTC foam pieces were attached to the copper blocks using two different bonding techniques. These were S-Bond (R) soldering and high thermal conductivity epoxy as the thermal interface material. Measurements were also obtained on a heater block with a flat surface for purposes of baseline comparison. A 2 x 2 nozzle array was used with PF-5060 as the working fluid. Thermal performance data was obtained under nominally degassed conditions (chamber pressure of 41.4 kPa). Results show that the highest heat flux attained was 133 W/cm(2) using the graphite POCO HTC foam with a nozzle-to-foam distance of 17 mm. C1 [Silk, Eric A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryogen & Fluids Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bracken, Philip] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Jonsson Engn Ctr, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Silk, EA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryogen & Fluids Branch, Bldg 7,Room 109, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Eric.A.Silk@nasa.gov FU Internal Research and Development Fund; Thermal Engineering Branch at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center FX This research was supported by the Internal Research and Development Fund and the Thermal Engineering Branch at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Special thanks are given to Mario Martins, Richard Freburger, Jim Dye, and Alice Rector of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for their test support, as well as Parker Hannifin's Gas Turbine Fluid Systems Division for supplying the spray nozzle. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.2514/1.44089 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 550GR UT WOS:000274116800016 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, A Wang, A Lera, M Bhattacharya, S AF Chatterjee, Anuran Wang, Angela Lera, Matthew Bhattacharya, Sharmila TI Lunar Soil Simulant Uptake Produces a Concentration-Dependent Increase in Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Murine RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; PULMONARY TOXICITY; MARTIAN DUSTS; INFLAMMATION; MICE; INOS; RATS AB One of NASA's long-term objectives is to be able to stay on the moon for extended periods, and to provide a stepping-stone for future Mars explorations. The lunar soil simulant JSC-1 has been developed by NASA from volcanic ash found in Arizona to facilitate testing of toxicity and system requirements for lunar exploration. A concentration-response study of JSC-1 was undertaken on the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Results demonstrated concentrations of 50-2000 g/ml JSC-1 induced enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Data suggest that extraterrestrial regolith has the potential to induce an inflammatory response, and that future development of anti-inflammatory mitigative strategies may be necessary to counteract lunar dust-associated cellular toxicity. C1 [Bhattacharya, Sharmila] NASA, Biomodel Performance Res Lab, Radiat & Space Biotechnol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lera, Matthew] NASA, Howard & Houston Engn Inc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bhattacharya, S (reprint author), NASA, Biomodel Performance Res Lab, Radiat & Space Biotechnol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Mailstop 236-5,Bldg N236,Room 213, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM sharmila.bhattacharya@nasa.gov RI Wang, Angela/B-9944-2008 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2010 VL 73 IS 9 BP 623 EP 626 AR PII 919728256 DI 10.1080/15287390903578182 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 594VF UT WOS:000277566600006 PM 20391141 ER PT J AU McDermott, KC Malkoc, G Mulligan, JB Webster, MA AF McDermott, Kyle C. Malkoc, Gokhan Mulligan, Jeffrey B. Webster, Michael A. TI Adaptation and visual salience SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE color vision; eye movements; search; attention; plasticity ID CONTRAST GAIN-CONTROL; COLOR APPEARANCE; DISTRACTOR HETEROGENEITY; CHROMATIC MECHANISMS; MOTION ADAPTATION; CONE-EXCITATION; POP-OUT; SEARCH; ATTENTION; LUMINANCE AB We examined how the salience of color is affected by adaptation to different color distributions. Observers searched for a color target on a dense background of distractors varying along different directions in color space. Prior adaptation to the backgrounds enhanced search on the same background while adaptation to orthogonal background directions slowed detection. Advantages of adaptation were seen for both contrast adaptation (to different color axes) and chromatic adaptation (to different mean chromaticities). Control experiments, including analyses of eye movements during the search, suggest that these aftereffects are unlikely to reflect simple learning or changes in search strategies on familiar backgrounds, and instead result from how adaptation alters the relative salience of the target and background colors. Comparable effects were observed along different axes in the chromatic plane or for axes defined by different combinations of luminance and chromatic contrast, consistent with visual search and adaptation mediated by multiple color mechanisms. Similar effects also occurred for color distributions characteristic of natural environments with strongly selective color gamuts. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that adaptation may play an important functional role in highlighting the salience of novel stimuli by discounting ambient properties of the visual environment. C1 [McDermott, Kyle C.; Malkoc, Gokhan; Webster, Michael A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Psychol 296, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Malkoc, Gokhan] Dogus Univ, Dept Psychol, Istanbul, Turkey. [Mulligan, Jeffrey B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Webster, MA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Psychol 296, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM mwebster@unr.edu FU NIH [EY-10834]; Nevada NASA EPSCoR FX This work was supported by NIH EY-10834 and a Nevada NASA EPSCoR Collaborative Pilot Grant. NR 85 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 1534-7362 J9 J VISION JI J. Vision PY 2010 VL 10 IS 13 AR 17 DI 10.1167/10.13.17 PG 32 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 726MW UT WOS:000287727600009 PM 21106682 ER PT B AU Wilson, SA Moore, JM Howard, AD Wilhelms, DE AF Wilson, Sharon A. Moore, Jeffrey M. Howard, Alan D. Wilhelms, Don E. BE Cabrol, NA Grin, EA TI Evidence for ancient lakes in the Hellas region SO LAKES ON MARS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOBATE DEBRIS APRONS; MARS ORBITER CAMERA; VALLEY FORMATION; MARGARITIFER SINUS; VOLCANIC GEOLOGY; MARTIAN VOLCANOS; SUMMIT SNOWPACK; THERMAL INERTIA; EVOLUTION; BASIN C1 [Wilson, Sharon A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Howard, Alan D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Wilhelms, Don E.] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Wilson, SA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. OI Howard, Alan/0000-0002-5423-1600 NR 89 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-093162-3; 978-0-444-52854-4 PY 2010 BP 195 EP 222 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-52854-4.00007-6 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA BEM52 UT WOS:000317360100009 ER PT J AU Parker, TJ Grant, JA Franklin, BJ AF Parker, Timothy J. Grant, John A. Franklin, Brenda J. BE Cabrol, NA Grin, EA TI The northern plains: A Martian oceanic basin? SO LAKES ON MARS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COASTAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS; ANCIENT OCEANS; MARS; MISSION; TESTS; WATER C1 [Parker, Timothy J.; Franklin, Brenda J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Grant, John A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Parker, TJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-093162-3 PY 2010 BP 249 EP 273 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-52854-4.00009-X PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA BEM52 UT WOS:000317360100011 ER PT S AU Whitehead, J Grieve, RAF Garvin, JB Spray, JG AF Whitehead, J. Grieve, R. A. F. Garvin, J. B. Spray, J. G. BE Gibson, RL Reimold, WU TI The effects of crater degradation and target differences on the morphologies of Martian complex craters SO LARGE METEORITE IMPACTS AND PLANETARY EVOLUTION IV SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; MARS AB We compared the target types and the morphologies and morphometries of various features within fresh complex craters on Mars to assess target dependence. The wide scatter in depth-diameter data from Martian craters is more pronounced than for lunar or Mercurian craters. This was previously assumed to be predominantly due to significant degrees of denudation and secondary infilling of the Martian craters. However, our data for fresh craters still exhibit a wide variation, which we interpret to be the result of comparatively higher target heterogeneity on Mars. Complex central peaks exhibit some crater diameter dependence, preferentially occurring in craters >50 km. Neither peak complexity nor geometry shows any statistical correlation with target type. Although central peak heights and aspect ratios do not exhibit any clear target dependence, they do appear to be correlated-higher peaks possess narrower aspect ratios. Floor and summit pits appear to be more common on lava targets than sedimentary targets, contrary to earlier studies with smaller sample sizes. This observation imposes additional constraints on models proposed for the origin of pits, especially those models that require the presence of volatiles in the target. The ability to correlate target type with crater morphologies/morphometries is highly contingent upon both the surface geology and the actual geology at depth. Some weak correlations may reflect our current limited understanding of the subsurface geology of Mars. Information on the deeper lithologies acquired through future missions may help resolve the true effect of subsurface competence on intracrater structure. C1 [Whitehead, J.] St Thomas Univ, Fredericton, NB E3B 5G3, Canada. [Grieve, R. A. F.] Nat Resources Canada, Earth Sci Sector, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada. [Garvin, J. B.] NASA Headquarters, Off Administrator, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Spray, J. G.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Geol, Planetary & Space Sci Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Whitehead, J (reprint author), St Thomas Univ, Fredericton, NB E3B 5G3, Canada. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2465-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 465 BP 67 EP 80 DI 10.1130/2010.2465(05) PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BTA55 UT WOS:000286213800006 ER PT S AU Yu, AW Li, SX Stephen, MA Seas, A Troupaki, E Vasilyev, A Conley, H Filemyr, T Kirchner, C Rosanova, A AF Yu, Anthony W. Li, Steven X. Stephen, Mark A. Seas, Antonios Troupaki, Elisavet Vasilyev, Aleksey Conley, Heather Filemyr, Tim Kirchner, Cindy Rosanova, Alberto BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI 885-nm Laser Diode Array Pumped Ceramic Nd:YAG Master Oscillator Power Amplifier System SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security VI CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Space Laser Transmitter; Solid State Lasers ID ALTIMETER; EMISSION; LEVEL AB The objective of this effort is to develop more reliable, higher efficieny diode pumped Nd:YAG laser systems for space applications by leveraging technology investments from the DoD and other commercial industries. Our goal is to design, build, test and demonstrate the effectiveness of combining 885 nm laser pump diodes and the use of ceramic Nd:YAG for future flight missions. The significant reduction in thermal loading on the gain medium by the use of 885 nm pump lasers will improve system efficiency. C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Li, Steven X.; Stephen, Mark A.; Seas, Antonios; Kirchner, Cindy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electroopt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electroopt Branch, MC 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8150-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7686 AR 76860G DI 10.1117/12.849596 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSS86 UT WOS:000285717900012 ER PT S AU Giannakopoulou, D Pasareanu, CS AF Giannakopoulou, Dimitra Pasareanu, Corina S. BE Margaria, T Steffen, B TI Learning Techniques for Software Verification and Validation - Special Track at ISoLA 2010 SO LEVERAGING APPLICATIONS OF FORMAL METHODS, VERIFICATION, AND VALIDATION, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation CY OCT 18-21, 2010 CL Heraklion, GREECE SP European Assoc Software Sci & Technol, TU Dortmund, Univ Potsdam C1 [Giannakopoulou, Dimitra; Pasareanu, Corina S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Giannakopoulou, D (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM dimitra.giannakopoulou@nasa.gov; corina.s.pasareanu@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-16557-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6415 BP 640 EP 642 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16558-0_51 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUJ14 UT WOS:000289493100051 ER PT S AU Beyon, JY Koch, GJ Kavaya, MJ AF Beyon, Jeffrey Y. Koch, Grady J. Kavaya, Michael J. BE Singh, UN Mizutani, K TI Development of the Data Acquisition and Processing System for a Pulsed 2-Micron Coherent Doppler Lidar System SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XI CY OCT 12-14, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv DE Coherent lidar; GRIP; wind profile; DAWN AIR AB A general overview of the development of a data acquisition and processing system is presented for a pulsed, 2-micron coherent Doppler Lidar system located in NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, USA. It is a comprehensive system that performs high-speed data acquisition, analysis, and data display both in real time and offline. The first flight missions are scheduled for the summer of 2010 as part of the NASA Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) campaign for the study of hurricanes. The system as well as the control software is reviewed and its requirements and unique features are discussed. C1 [Beyon, Jeffrey Y.; Koch, Grady J.; Kavaya, Michael J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Beyon, JY (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 488, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Jeffrey.Y.Beyon@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8390-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7860 AR 78600A DI 10.1117/12.871965 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO87 UT WOS:000287655500006 ER PT S AU Beyon, JY Koch, GJ Yu, JR Singh, UN Kavaya, MJ VanValkenburg, RL AF Beyon, Jeffrey Y. Koch, Grady J. Yu, Jirong Singh, Upendra N. Kavaya, Michael J. VanValkenburg, Randal L. BE Singh, UN Mizutani, K TI Energy Measurement Studies for CO(2) Measurement with a Coherent Doppler Lidar System SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XI CY OCT 12-14, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv DE Coherent lidar; CO(2); Differential Absorption Lidar; energy estimation AB The accurate measurement of energy in the application of lidar system for CO(2) measurement is critical. Different techniques of energy estimation in the online and offline pulses are investigated for post processing of lidar returns. The cornerstone of the technique is the accurate estimation of the spectrum of lidar signal and background noise. Since the background noise is not the ideal white Gaussian noise, simple average level estimation of noise level is not well fit in the energy estimation of lidar signal and noise. A brief review of the methods is presented in this paper. C1 [Beyon, Jeffrey Y.; Koch, Grady J.; Yu, Jirong; Singh, Upendra N.; Kavaya, Michael J.; VanValkenburg, Randal L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Beyon, JY (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 488, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Jeffrey.Y.Beyon@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8390-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7860 AR 786007 DI 10.1117/12.871966 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO87 UT WOS:000287655500004 ER PT S AU VanValkenburg, RL Beyon, JY Koch, GJ Yu, JR Singh, UN Kavaya, MJ AF VanValkenburg, Randal L. Beyon, Jeffrey Y. Koch, Grady J. Yu, Jirong Singh, Upendra N. Kavaya, Michael J. BE Singh, UN Mizutani, K TI Design of control software for a high-speed coherent Doppler lidar system for CO(2) measurement SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XI CY OCT 12-14, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv DE Coherent Lidar; Data Acquisition; Differential Absorption Lidar; Software; CO(2) Measurement ID LASER AB The design of the software for a 2-micron coherent high-speed Doppler lidar system for CO(2) measurement at NASA Langley Research Center is discussed in this paper. The specific strategy and design topology to meet the requirements of the system are reviewed. In order to attain the high-speed digitization of the different types of signals to be sampled on multiple channels, a carefully planned design of the control software is imperative. Samples of digitized data from each channel and their roles in data analysis post processing are also presented. Several challenges of extremely-fast, high volume data acquisition are discussed. The software must check the validity of each lidar return as well as other monitoring channel data in real-time. For such high-speed data acquisition systems, the software is a key component that enables the entire scope of CO(2) measurement studies using commercially available system components. C1 [VanValkenburg, Randal L.; Beyon, Jeffrey Y.; Koch, Grady J.; Yu, Jirong; Singh, Upendra N.; Kavaya, Michael J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP VanValkenburg, RL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 472, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Randal.L.VanValkenburg@nasa.gov; Jeffrey.Y.Beyon@nasa.gov; Grady.J.Koch@nasa.gov; J.Yu@nasa.gov; Upendra.N.Singh@nasa.gov; Michael.J.Kavaya@nasa.gov; Upendra.N.Singh@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8390-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7860 AR 786008 DI 10.1117/12.871967 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO87 UT WOS:000287655500005 ER PT S AU Yu, JR Petros, M Chen, SS Bai, YX Petzar, PJ Trieu, BC Koch, GJ Beyon, JY VanValkenburg, RL Kavaya, MJ Singh, UN AF Yu, Jirong Petros, Mulugeta Chen, Songsheng Bai, Yingxin Petzar, Paul J. Trieu, Bo C. Koch, Grady J. Beyon, Jeffrey Y. VanValkenburg, Randal L. Kavaya, Michael J. Singh, Upendra N. BE Singh, UN Mizutani, K TI A Two Micron Coherent Differential Absorption Lidar Development SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XI CY OCT 12-14, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv DE Differential Absorption Lidar; Near Infrared Laser ID LASER; CO2 AB A pulsed, 2-mu m coherent Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) / Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) transceiver, developed under the Laser Risk Reduction Program (LRRP) at NASA, is integrated into a fully functional lidar instrument. This instrument measures atmospheric CO(2) profiles (by DIAL) from a ground platform. It allows the investigators to pursue subsequent in science-driven deployments, and provides a unique tool for Active Sensing of CO(2) Emissions over Night, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) validation that was strongly advocated in the recent ASCENDS Workshop. C1 [Yu, Jirong; Chen, Songsheng; Petzar, Paul J.; Trieu, Bo C.; Koch, Grady J.; Beyon, Jeffrey Y.; VanValkenburg, Randal L.; Kavaya, Michael J.; Singh, Upendra N.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Yu, JR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8390-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7860 AR 786006 DI 10.1117/12.873318 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO87 UT WOS:000287655500003 ER PT S AU Abshire, JB Riris, H Allan, GR Weaver, CJ Mao, JP Sun, XL Hasselbrack, WE Yu, A Amediek, A Choi, Y Browell, EV AF Abshire, James B. Riris, Haris Allan, Graham R. Weaver, Clark J. Mao, Jianping Sun, Xiaoli Hasselbrack, William E. Yu, Anthony Amediek, Axel Choi, Yonghoon Browell, Edward V. BE Singh, UN Pappalardo, G TI A Lidar Approach to Measure CO2 Concentrations from Space for the ASCENDS Mission SO LIDAR TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNIQUES, AND MEASUREMENTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing VI CY SEP 20-21, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE, European Assoc Remote Sensing Companies, EOS-European Opt Soc, CNES, SFPT DE Space lidar; CO2; Airborne lidar; Differential Absorption Lidar ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION; REFLECTED SUNLIGHT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; COLUMN; SENSITIVITY; BUDGET; BAND AB We report on a lidar approach to measure atmospheric CO2 column concentration being developed as a candidate for NASA's ASCENDS mission. It uses a pulsed dual-wavelength lidar measurement based on the integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) technique. We demonstrated the approach using the CO2 measurement from aircraft in July and August 2009 over various locations. The results show clear CO2 line shape and absorption signals, which follow the expected changes with aircraft altitude from 3 to 13 km. The column absorption measurements show altitude dependence in good agreement with column number density estimates calculated from airborne in-situ measurements. The approaches for O-2 measurements and for scaling the technique to space are discussed. C1 [Abshire, James B.; Riris, Haris; Sun, Xiaoli] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Abshire, JB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Riris, Haris/D-1004-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Allan, Graham/D-3905-2013 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8349-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7832 AR 78320D DI 10.1117/12.868567 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ33 UT WOS:000287762600008 ER PT S AU Singh, UN Yu, JR Petros, M Chen, SS Kavaya, MJ Trieu, B Bai, YX Petzar, P Modlin, EA Koch, G Beyon, J AF Singh, Upendra N. Yu, Jirong Petros, Mulugeta Chen, Songsheng Kavaya, Michael J. Trieu, Bo Bai, Yingxin Petzar, Paul Modlin, Edward A. Koch, Grady Beyon, Jeffrey BE Singh, UN Pappalardo, G TI Advances in High Energy Solid-State 2-micron Laser Transmitter Development for Ground and Airborne Wind and CO(2) Measurements SO LIDAR TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNIQUES, AND MEASUREMENTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing VI CY SEP 20-21, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE, European Assoc Remote Sensing Companies, EOS, CNES, SFPT DE Diode-pumped lasers; Solid state laser; Doppler wind lidar; Space lidar; CO(2); Airborne lidar; Differential Absorption Lidar ID ABSORPTION LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; TM AB Sustained research efforts at NASA Langley Research Center during last fifteen years have resulted in a significant advancement in 2-micron diode-pumped, solid-state laser transmitter for wind and carbon dioxide measurement from ground, air and space-borne platform. Solid-state 2-micron laser is a key subsystem for a coherent Doppler lidar that measures the horizontal and vertical wind velocities with high precision and resolution. The same laser, after a few modifications, can also be used in a Differential Absorption Lidar system for measuring atmospheric CO(2) concentration profiles. Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center have developed a compact, flight capable, high energy, injection seeded, 2-micron laser transmitter for ground and airborne wind and carbon dioxide measurements. It is capable of producing 250 mJ at 10 Hz by an oscillator and one amplifier. This compact laser transmitter was integrated into a mobile trailer based coherent Doppler wind and CO(2) DIAL system and was deployed during field measurement campaigns. This paper will give an overview of 2-micron solid-state laser technology development and discuss results from recent ground-based field measurements. C1 [Singh, Upendra N.; Yu, Jirong; Chen, Songsheng; Kavaya, Michael J.; Trieu, Bo; Modlin, Edward A.; Koch, Grady; Beyon, Jeffrey] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Singh, UN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8349-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7832 AR 783202 DI 10.1117/12.865853 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ33 UT WOS:000287762600001 ER PT S AU Winker, D Hu, Y Pitts, M Avery, M Getzewich, B Tackett, J Kittaka, C Liu, ZY Vaughan, M AF Winker, Dave Hu, Yong Pitts, Mike Avery, Melody Getzewich, Brian Tackett, Jason Kittaka, Chieko Liu, Zhaoyan Vaughan, Mark BE Singh, UN Pappalardo, G TI The CALIPSO Mission: Results and Progress SO LIDAR TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNIQUES, AND MEASUREMENTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing VI CY SEP 20-21, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE, European Assoc Remote Sensing Companies, EOS-European Opt Soc, CNES, SFPT DE lidar; satellite; aerosols; clouds ID AEROSOLS; DISCRIMINATION; ALGORITHM AB Aerosols and clouds play important roles in Earth's climate system but uncertainties over their interactions and their effects on the Earth energy budget limit our understanding of the climate system and our ability to model it. The CALIPSO satellite was developed to provide new capabilities to observe aerosol and cloud from space and to reduce these uncertainties. CALIPSO carries the first polarization-sensitive lidar to fly in space, which has now provided a four-year record of global aerosol and cloud profiles. This paper briefly summarizes the status of the CALIPSO mission, describes some of the results from CALIPSO, and presents highlights of recent improvements in data products. C1 [Winker, Dave; Hu, Yong; Pitts, Mike; Avery, Melody; Vaughan, Mark] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Winker, D (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Dryden St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM david.m.winker@nasa.gov RI Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738; NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8349-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7832 AR 78320B DI 10.1117/12.864901 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ33 UT WOS:000287762600006 ER PT B AU Lyapustin, A Muldashev, T Wang, YJ AF Lyapustin, Alexei Muldashev, Tolegen Wang, Yujie BE Kokhanovsky, AA TI Code SHARM: fast and accurate radiative transfer over spatially variable anisotropic surfaces SO LIGHT SCATTERING REVIEWS 5: SINGLE LIGHT SCATTERING AND RADIATIVE TRANSFER SE Springer-Praxis Books in Environmental Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPHERICAL HARMONICS APPROXIMATION; DISCRETE-ORDINATE-METHOD; NON-LAMBERTIAN SURFACE; GREENS-FUNCTION METHOD; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; TRANSFER EQUATION; REFLECTION; ALBEDO; AEROSOL C1 [Lyapustin, Alexei; Wang, Yujie] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lyapustin, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alexei.I.Lyapustin@nasa.gov; tmuldashev@hotmail.com; Yujie.Wang@nasa.gov NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-10335-3 J9 S-P B ENVIRON SCI PY 2010 BP 205 EP 247 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-10336-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-10336-0 PG 43 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BQX91 UT WOS:000282079700006 ER PT J AU Merkowitz, SM AF Merkowitz, Stephen M. TI Tests of Gravity Using Lunar Laser Ranging SO LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY LA English DT Review ID PREFERRED-FRAME THEORIES; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; MASSIVE BODIES; FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS; CONSERVATION LAWS; APOLLO; MOON; ORIENTATION; OPERATION AB Lunar laser ranging (LLR) has been a workhorse for testing general relativity over the past four decades. The three retroreflector arrays put on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts and the French built arrays on the Soviet Lunokhod rovers continue to be useful targets, and have provided the most stringent tests of the Strong Equivalence Principle and the time variation of Newton's gravitational constant. The relatively new ranging system at the Apache Point 3.5 meter telescope now routinely makes millimeter level range measurements. Incredibly, it has taken 40 years for ground station technology to advance to the point where characteristics of the lunar retroreflectors are limiting the precision of the range measurements. In this article, we review the gravitational science and technology of lunar laser ranging and discuss prospects for the future. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Merkowitz, SM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Stephen.M.Merkowitz@nasa.gov RI Merkowitz, Stephen/D-6680-2012 OI Merkowitz, Stephen/0000-0002-0412-4209 FU NASA Lunar Science Institute [NNA09DB30A] FX I thank Pete Bender, Ken Nordtvedt, and Tom Murphy for invaluable discussions and comments on this review. The LUNAR consortium (http://lunar.colorado.edu), headquartered at the University of Colorado, is funded by the NASA Lunar Science Institute (via Cooperative Agreement NNA09DB30A) to investigate concepts for astrophysical observatories on the Moon. NR 84 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1433-8351 J9 LIVING REV RELATIV JI Living Rev. Relativ. PY 2010 VL 13 AR 7 DI 10.12942/lrr-2010-7 PG 27 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 677ZD UT WOS:000284035800001 PM 28163616 ER PT J AU Turyshev, SG Toth, VT AF Turyshev, Slava G. Toth, Viktor T. TI The Pioneer Anomaly SO LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY LA English DT Review ID RELATIVISTIC CELESTIAL MECHANICS; LONG-RANGE ACCELERATION; PREFERRED-FRAME THEORIES; POST-EINSTEINIAN TESTS; NEWLY RECOVERED DATA; OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; SPACE-TIME FRAME; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; DARK-MATTER; KUIPER-BELT AB Radio-metric Doppler tracking data received from the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft from heliocentric distances of 20 - 70 AU has consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, blue-shifted frequency drift uniformly changing with a rate of similar to 6 X 10(-9) Hz/s. Ultimately, the drift was interpreted as a constant sunward deceleration of each particular spacecraft at the level of ap = ( 8.74 +/- 1.33) 10(-10) m/s(2). This apparent violation of the Newton's gravitational inverse-square law has become known as the Pioneer anomaly; the nature of this anomaly remains unexplained. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the physical properties of the anomaly and the conditions that led to its detection and characterization. We review various mechanisms proposed to explain the anomaly and discuss the current state of efforts to determine its nature. A comprehensive new investigation of the anomalous behavior of the two Pioneers has begun recently. The new efforts rely on the much-extended set of radio-metric Doppler data for both spacecraft in conjunction with the newly available complete record of their telemetry files and a large archive of original project documentation. As the new study is yet to report its findings, this review provides the necessary background for the new results to appear in the near future. In particular, we provide a significant amount of information on the design, operations and behavior of the two Pioneers during their entire missions, including descriptions of various data formats and techniques used for their navigation and radio-science data analysis. As most of this information was recovered relatively recently, it was not used in the previous studies of the Pioneer anomaly, but it is critical for the new investigation. C1 [Turyshev, Slava G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Turyshev, SG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM turyshev@jpl.nasa.gov; vttoth@vttoth.com RI Toth, Viktor/D-3502-2009 OI Toth, Viktor/0000-0003-3651-9843 NR 423 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1433-8351 J9 LIVING REV RELATIV JI Living Rev. Relativ. PY 2010 VL 13 AR 4 DI 10.12942/lrr-2010-4 PG 173 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 661VS UT WOS:000282760700001 PM 28163614 ER PT J AU Hathaway, DH AF Hathaway, David H. TI The Solar Cycle SO LIVING REVIEWS IN SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID FLUX-TRANSPORT DYNAMO; GROUP SUNSPOT NUMBERS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACTIVE LONGITUDES; MAUNDER MINIMUM; DAY PERIODICITY; INTERPLANETARY SPACE; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; MERIDIONAL FLOW; CONVECTION ZONE AB The Solar Cycle is reviewed. The 11-year cycle of solar activity is characterized by the rise and fall in the numbers and surface area of sunspots. We examine a number of other solar activity indicators including the 10.7 cm radio flux, the total solar irradiance, the magnetic field, flares and coronal mass ejections, geomagnetic activity, galactic cosmic ray fluxes, and radioisotopes in tree rings and ice cores that vary in association with the sunspots. We examine the characteristics of individual solar cycles including their maxima and minima, cycle periods and amplitudes, cycle shape, and the nature of active latitudes, hemispheres, and longitudes. We examine long-term variability including the Maunder Minimum, the Gleissberg Cycle, and the Gnevyshev-Ohl Rule. Short-term variability includes the 154-day periodicity, quasi-biennial variations, and double peaked maxima. We conclude with an examination of prediction techniques for the solar cycle. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hathaway, DH (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM david.hathaway@nasa.gov NR 138 TC 222 Z9 227 U1 6 U2 38 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1614-4961 J9 LIVING REV SOL PHYS JI Living Rev. Sol. Phys. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.12942/lrsp-2010-1 PG 61 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 741NS UT WOS:000288871000001 ER PT J AU Ofman, L AF Ofman, Leon TI Wave Modeling of the Solar Wind SO LIVING REVIEWS IN SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID FREQUENCY ALFVEN WAVES; PROTON TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; TURBULENCE-DRIVEN MODEL; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; WHOLE SUN MONTH; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC MODEL; HYBRID SIMULATIONS; CORONAL HOLES; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS AB The acceleration and heating of the solar wind have been studied for decades using satellite observations and models. However, the exact mechanism that leads to solar wind heating and acceleration is poorly understood. In order to improve the understanding of the physical mechanisms that are involved in these processes a combination of modeling and observational analysis is required. Recent models constrained by satellite observations show that wave heating in the low-frequency (MHD), and high-frequency (ion-cyclotron) range may provide the necessary momentum and heat input to coronal plasma and produce the solar wind. This review is focused on the results of several recent solar modeling studies that include waves explicitly in the MHD and the kinetic regime. The current status of the understanding of the solar wind acceleration and heating by waves is reviewed. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ofman, L (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Leon.Ofman@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX08AF85G, NNX08AV88G, NNX10AC56G] FX The author would like to acknowledge support by NASA grants NNX08AF85G, NNX08AV88G, and NNX10AC56G. NR 115 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1614-4961 J9 LIVING REV SOL PHYS JI Living Rev. Sol. Phys. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 AR 4 DI 10.12942/lrsp-2010-4 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 741NX UT WOS:000288871500001 ER PT J AU Chen, PW Chennuru, SK Zhang, Y AF Chen, Peng-Wen Chennuru, Snehal Kumar Zhang, Ying BE Calzolari, N Choukri, K Maegaard, B Mariani, J Odijk, J Piperidis, S Rosner, M Tapias, D TI A Language Approach to Modeling Human Behavior SO LREC 2010 - SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC) CY MAY 17-23, 2010 CL Valletta, MALTA SP CELI Language & Informat Technol, European Media Lab GmBH, Quaero, META AB The modeling of human behavior becomes more and more important due to the increasing popularity of context-aware computing and people-centric applications. Inspired by the principle of action-as-language, we propose that human ambulation behavior share similar properties as natural languages. In this paper, we use a Life Logger system to build the behavior language corpus. The behavior corpus shows Zipf's distribution over the frequency of vocabularies which is aligned with our "Behavior as Language" assumption. Our preliminary results of using smoothed n-gram language model for activity recognition achieved an average accuracy rate of 94% in distinguishing among basic behaviors including walking, running, and cycling. This behavior-as-language corpus will enable researchers to study higher level human behavior based on the syntactic and semantic analysis of the data. C1 [Chen, Peng-Wen; Chennuru, Snehal Kumar; Zhang, Ying] NASA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chen, PW (reprint author), NASA, Res Pk Bldg 23, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM pengwen.chen@sv.cmu.edu; snehal.chennuru@sv.cmu.edu; joy.zhang@sv.cmu.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN LANGUAGE RESOURCES ASSOC-ELRA PI PARIS PA 55-57, RUE BRILLAT-SAVARIN, PARIS, 75013, FRANCE BN 978-2-9517408-6-0 PY 2010 BP 3020 EP 3023 PG 4 WC Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA BC9TU UT WOS:000356879507133 ER PT B AU Lowman, PD AF Lowman, Paul D., Jr. BE Benaroya, H TI Rutgers 2007 Symposium on Lunar Settlements SO LUNAR SETTLEMENTS SE Advances in Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Rutgers Symposium on Lunar Settlements CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ SP AIAA, Rutgers Univ, Dept Mech & Space Engn, Ctr Struct Extreme Environm HO Rutgers Univ AB This paper summarizes the major themes and ideas presented at a 4 1/2 day symposium on lunar settlements held at Rutgers University in June, 2007, sponsored by the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and organized by Haym Benaroya of that department. Presentations covered the political and economic aspects of lunar settlements, structures and transportation, the lunar environment, energy and power, medical aspects of lunar settlements, outpost site selection, and use of the Moon as a platform for astronomy. A keynote paper by H.H. Schmitt covered topics including legal aspects of lunar settlements and possible economic products such as helium-3, demonstrably valuable for production of short-lived medical isotopes and perhaps for thermonuclear energy. Potential medical problems, discussed by several speakers, including J. Logan and W. Rowe, included radiation exposure and the effect of long-term hypogravity. Lunar resources discussed by several speakers include lunar water from possible polar ice deposits, hydrogen, helium-3, and oxygen from the lunar regolith. Outpost site selection has been narrowed to the south polar regions, with Shackleton Crater and Malapert Mountain the most-favored candidates. Lunar settlement shelters were proposed by several speakers, a consensus being that these must be largely underground because of the radiation problem. The feasibility of agriculture in lunar settlements has been demonstrated by operating greenhouses in the Antarctic. The overall result of the symposium was a summary of the problems, prospects, and practicality of such settlements, now benefiting from three decades to assimilate the lunar experience of the 6 Apollo landing missions and the many robotic missions, American and Soviet. C1 [Lowman, Paul D., Jr.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lowman, PD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8333-0; 978-1-4200-8332-3 J9 ADV ENG PY 2010 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BG7ZF UT WOS:000392108200002 ER PT B AU Morin, L Magnus, S Love, S Pettit, D Dittmar, ML AF Morin, Lee Magnus, Sandra Love, Stanley Pettit, Donald Dittmar, Mary Lynne BE Benaroya, H TI Rocks to Robots: Concepts for Initial Robotic Lunar Resource Development SO LUNAR SETTLEMENTS SE Advances in Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Rutgers Symposium on Lunar Settlements CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ SP AIAA, Rutgers Univ, Dept Mech & Space Engn, Ctr Struct Extreme Environm HO Rutgers Univ ID SURGERY; EXPERIENCE C1 [Morin, Lee; Magnus, Sandra; Love, Stanley; Pettit, Donald] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Dittmar, Mary Lynne] Dittmar Assoc Inc, Houston, TX USA. RP Morin, L (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8333-0; 978-1-4200-8332-3 J9 ADV ENG PY 2010 BP 129 EP 141 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BG7ZF UT WOS:000392108200010 ER PT B AU Metzger, PT Lane, JE Immer, CD Clements, S AF Metzger, Philip T. Lane, John E. Immer, Christopher D. Clements, Sandra BE Benaroya, H TI Cratering and Blowing Soil by Rocket Engines during Lunar Landings SO LUNAR SETTLEMENTS SE Advances in Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Rutgers Symposium on Lunar Settlements CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ SP AIAA, Rutgers Univ, Dept Mech & Space Engn, Ctr Struct Extreme Environm HO Rutgers Univ ID DESCENT ENGINE AB This paper is a summary compilation of work accomplished over the past decade at NASA's Kennedy Space Center to understand the interactions between rocket exhaust gases and the soil of the Moon or Mars. This research is applied to a case study of the Apollo 12 landing, in which the blowing soil peppered the nearby Surveyor III spacecraft producing measurable surface damage, and to the Apollo 15 landing, in which the Lunar Module tilted backwards after landing in a crater that was obscured from sight by the blowing dust. The modeling coupled with empirical observations is generally adequate to predict the order of magnitude of effects in future lunar missions and to formulate a rough concept for mitigating the spray around a lunar base. However, there are many significant gaps in our understanding of the physics and more effort is needed to understand the problem of blowing soil so that specific technologies can be developed to support the lunar outpost. C1 [Metzger, Philip T.] NASA, KT D3, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Lane, John E.; Immer, Christopher D.] ASRC Aerosp, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Clements, Sandra] ASRC Aerosp, Kennedy Space Ctr, Greenbelt, FL USA. RP Metzger, PT (reprint author), NASA, KT D3, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8333-0; 978-1-4200-8332-3 J9 ADV ENG PY 2010 BP 551 EP 576 PG 26 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BG7ZF UT WOS:000392108200038 ER PT J AU Rodgveller, CJ Clausen, DM Nagler, JJ Hutchinson, C AF Rodgveller, C. J. Clausen, D. M. Nagler, J. J. Hutchinson, C. TI Reproductive Characteristics and Mortality of Female Giant Grenadiers in the Northern Pacific Ocean SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Giant grenadiers Albatrossia pectoralis are caught as bycatch in deep-sea commercial fisheries in relatively large numbers. The population appears to be stable, although there is no directed fishery, catch limits, or reporting requirements. The purpose of our study was to describe and quantify the reproductive life history characteristics and natural mortality of female giant grenadiers. During the summers of 2004 and 2006, a total of 338 specimens were collected from the Gulf of Alaska. Every phase of reproductive development was found, suggesting a protracted annual spawning season. An ovarian wall thickness technique was used to successfully place 31% (n = 24) of the fish with an unknown maturity status into a known category. Female age at 50% maturity was 22.9 years, and preanal fin length at 50% maturity was 26 cm. Total fecundity ranged from 35,000 to 231,000 oocytes (mean = 106,761), with a mean mature oocyte diameter of 1.26 mm. We developed a new technique for preparing otoliths for age determination by grinding off the distal surface to elucidate the growth zones; age ranged from 14 to 58 years. Estimates of natural female mortality ranged from 0.052 to 0.079 and estimates of total female mortality from 0.061 to 0.149. This life history information will be essential for future management of giant grenadier populations in the North Pacific Ocean. C1 [Rodgveller, C. J.; Clausen, D. M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK USA. [Nagler, J. J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Nagler, J. J.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hutchinson, C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rodgveller, CJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK USA. EM cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1577/C09-028.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900006 ER PT J AU Wabnitz, CCC Balazs, G Beavers, S Bjorndal, KA Bolten, AB Christensen, V Hargrove, S Pauly, D AF Wabnitz, Colette C. C. Balazs, George Beavers, Sallie Bjorndal, Karen A. Bolten, Alan B. Christensen, Villy Hargrove, Stacy Pauly, Daniel TI Ecosystem structure and processes at Kaloko Honokohau, focusing on the role of herbivores, including the green sea turtle Chelonia mydas, in reef resilience SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Marine turtles; Ecosystem-based management; Ecopath; Coral reef; Herbivory; Phase shift; Nutrient enrichment; Kona coast; Hawaii ID HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL; URCHIN ECHINOMETRA-MATHAEI; LEPTOGORGIA-SARMENTOSA CNIDARIA; GORGONIAN PARAMURICEA-CLAVATA; SUB-TROPICAL EMBAYMENT; FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS; CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEFS; ACANTHASTER-PLANCI L; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM AB The formal protection of the Hawaiian green turtle Chelonia mydas in the 1970s has led to significant increases in the number of individuals recorded throughout the archipelago. Reduced growth rates and poor body condition of individuals at a number of foraging sites, including Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (Kaloko), suggest that some aggregations have reached carrying capacity. To better understand the ecological structure and processes of the reef system at the park, we developed an ecosystem model that synthesized available data on Kaloko for the year 2005 and included 26 groups, spanning the entire trophic web. Model results showed that the combined grazing pressure of the different herbivore functional groups (i.e. reef fish, sea urchins, and green turtles) in Kaloko matched total algal production. Sea urchins exerted the strongest control over algal resources, partly because of their large biomass in park waters. Results confirmed that the Kaloko green turtle aggregation has reached carrying capacity. Green turtles help maintain low algal cover, and thus resilience of reefs in the face of disturbance, and should be explicitly included in studies of ecosystem dynamics on reefs. Our work also provides a 'current-condition' baseline for Kaloko, and a valuable tool for the assessment of the future marine ecosystem impacts of projected urban expansion plans around the park. C1 [Wabnitz, Colette C. C.; Christensen, Villy; Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, AERL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Balazs, George; Hargrove, Stacy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Turtle Res Program, NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Beavers, Sallie] Natl Pk Serv, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA. [Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wabnitz, CCC (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM colette.wabnitz@gmail.com RI Christensen, Villy/C-3945-2009; OI Christensen, Villy/0000-0003-0688-2633; Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; Disney Wildlife Conservation fund; Sea Around Us Project; Pew Environmental Group; University of British Columbia FX This study was supported by funding provided by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service and the Disney Wildlife Conservation fund. C.W., V.C., and D.P. also acknowledge support from the Sea Around Us Project, a scientific collaboration between the Pew Environmental Group and The University of British Columbia. Thanks to J. Polovina for help in getting this project off the ground. R. Most and the National Park Service are acknowledged for facilitating many aspects of our work and valuable input throughout the study. M. Rice and students of the Hawaii Preparatory Academy (Kamuela, Hawaii) are acknowledged for their considerable help to G. B. in ocean-capture field work collecting data on green turtles. We are indebted to T. Work of the US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, for allowing the use of turtle necropsy findings relevant to turtle body condition. K. Benoit-Bird, P. Bienfang, E. Brown, M. Deagle, R. Hoover, H. Jessop, M. Landry, L. Marrack, C. Payri, T. Sauvage, J. Smith, C. Squair, K. Uyehara, S. Waddington, M. Weijerman, and T. Wurth are gratefully acknowledged for invaluable feedback, advice, and assistance during the development of the model, and/or the kind provision of often unpublished data. We also thank F. Parrish for discussions pertaining to model development; and M. Bailey for drawing illustrations of species representative of functional groups. Special gratitude is extended to B. Hunt for stimulating discussions, assistance on all zooplankton and phytoplankton aspects of the model. The revised manuscript benefited from the comments of J. Alder, B. Hunt, M. Coll, B. Klinkenberg, F. Parrish, 3 anonymous reviewers and the editors. NR 240 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 46 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 420 BP 27 EP U392 DI 10.3354/meps08846 PG 36 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 696CK UT WOS:000285419300003 ER PT J AU Tiwari, M Balazs, GH Hargrove, S AF Tiwari, Manjula Balazs, George H. Hargrove, Stacy TI Estimating carrying capacity at the green turtle nesting beach of East Island, French Frigate Shoals SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Carrying capacity; Green turtles; Chelonia mydas; Nesting; Climate change; French Frigate Shoals; Hawaii ID GUIANAN LEATHERBACK TURTLES; SEA-LEVEL RISE; CHELONIA-MYDAS; COSTA-RICA; POPULATION; RECOVERY; TORTUGUERO; TREND; STOCK; DESTRUCTION AB Many sea turtle populations are at a fraction of their historical abundance, and understanding ecological processes, under current and climate change scenarios, is critical for establishing recovery goals. In the Hawaiian Islands, the nesting population of the green turtle Chelonia mydas on East Island, French Frigate Shoals, has been recovering at a rate of 5.7% per year. Climate change models, however, predict a loss in nesting habitat on East Island of up to 30% due to sea level rise by 2100. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the carrying capacity of East Island for hatchlings and nesting females under current conditions and predictions of sea level rise. In the simulation model, density-dependent nest destruction was the primary factor regulating population size. Carrying capacity was reached between 1.9 and 2.1 million hatchlings at current conditions; carrying capacity was approached when 80 000 to 120 000 nests were laid on the beach, representing 20 000 to 30 000 nesting females. With a rise in sea level, carrying capacity was reached when 60 000 to 100 000 nests were laid on the beach. The current mean estimate of 390 nesting females per year, over the past 10 yr, at East Island represents 1.3 to 2% of the females that would nest at carrying capacity. The beach at East Island is well below carrying capacity and is capable of supporting a larger nesting population. However, the availability of suitable coastal habitats may play a bigger role in regulating the Hawaiian green turtle population than available nesting habitat. C1 [Tiwari, Manjula] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Turtle Ecol & Assessment Program, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Balazs, George H.; Hargrove, Stacy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Turtle Res Program, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Tiwari, M (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Turtle Ecol & Assessment Program, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM manjula.tiwari@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 419 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.3354/meps08833 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 691GN UT WOS:000285068400023 ER PT J AU Copeman, LA Laurel, BJ AF Copeman, L. A. Laurel, B. J. TI Experimental evidence of fatty acid limited growth and survival in Pacific cod larvae SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Gadus macrocephalus; Essential fatty acids; DHA; EPA; Prey quality ID SOLEA-SENEGALENSIS LARVAE; GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; LIPID-COMPOSITION; MARINE FISH; LIVE-PREY; HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BRACHIONUS-PLICATILIS AB Changing environmental conditions in the North Pacific are altering the lipid/fatty acid (FA) composition of zooplankton assemblages, but the consequences to resident fish larvae are unknown. In the laboratory, we reared Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus larvae over 4 wk on prey enriched with varying levels of 2 essential FAs (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, 22:6 omega-3, and eicosapentanoic acid, EPA, 20:5 omega-3) to determine how this species responded to such changes in prey quality. Ratios of DHA: EPA were chosen to represent the natural variation observed in zooplankton of the North Pacific. We tested the hypotheses whether (1) energetically similar diets comprised of varying levels of DHA and EPA affect growth and survival in Pacific cod larvae, and (2) the highest levels of DHA: EPA (2: 1) are optimal for Pacific cod larvae, as it has been shown for Atlantic species. Pacific cod larvae grew fastest with diets containing high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA > 22%). Diets with the same total lipid content but different DHA: EPA ratios (<0.1:1 to 2: 1) also mediated growth and lipid composition of the larvae. Unlike Atlantic cod, Pacific cod larvae did not show as high a requirement for DHA relative to EPA but rather achieved largest size-at-age with intermediate DHA: EPA ratios (0.8:1 to 1.1:1). This range most closely resembled DHA: EPA ratios reported from North Pacific copepods, suggesting anomalous years with an over- or under-abundance of DHA-rich dinoflagellates or EPA-rich diatoms may be detrimental to survival and growth of Pacific cod larvae in the field. C1 [Copeman, L. A.; Laurel, B. J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Copeman, L. A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Copeman, LA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM lcopeman@mun.ca FU North Pacific Research Board [605]; Essential Fish Habitat NOAA Fisheries research FX We thank Tom Hurst and Amanda Colton for help with image analysis measures, Michelle Ottmar, and Scott Haines provided laboratory assistance for larviculture and live-food enrichment. We are most grateful to Jeanette Wells and the technical staff in Christopher Parrish's lab for the chromatography of lipid classes and FAs. Thanks to Moti Harel for providing EFA rotifer emulsions and Tim Tripp for captaining boat charters. Drs. Christopher Parrish, Allan Stoner and Michele Davis, and 3 anonymous reviewers gave useful comments and advice on early versions of this manuscript. Thanks also to the North Pacific Research Board (grant #605) and the Essential Fish Habitat NOAA Fisheries research grants for funding this study. The manuscript is NPRB contribution 247. NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 412 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.3354/meps08661 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TM UT WOS:000281565900021 ER PT J AU Rooker, JR Stunz, GW Holt, SA Minello, TJ AF Rooker, Jay R. Stunz, Gregory W. Holt, Scott A. Minello, Thomas J. TI Population connectivity of red drum in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Otolith chemistry; Site fidelity; Natal homing; Residency; Stable isotopes; Stock identification; Estuarine contribution; Nursery origin; Red drum ID SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; FISH OTOLITHS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ESTUARINE FISH; BLUEFIN TUNA; HUDSON RIVER; MARINE FISH; CHEMISTRY; HABITATS; FLORIDA AB Stable carbon (delta C-13) and oxygen (delta O-18) isotope ratios in otoliths were used to assess the degree of connectivity between early life and adult habitats of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Young-of-the-year (YOY) red drum were sampled over a 3 yr period from major estuaries along the Texas coast, and otolith delta C-13 and delta O-18 were quantified to determine whether chemical tags in otoliths were region specific. North to south gradients were pronounced for otolith delta C-13 and delta O-18, with values being higher (enriched in the heavier isotope) for YOY red drum from southern estuaries relative to those in the north. Four distinct regional groups of YOY red drum were identified using otolith delta C-13 and delta O-18: North (N), Sabine Lake and East Galveston Bay; North-Central (NC), Christmas Bay and Matagorda Bay; South-Central (SC), Aransas Bay and Redfish Bay; and South (S), Laguna Madre. Overall classification success to these regional nurseries was high for each year examined: 2001 (92%), 2002 (82%) and 2003 (90%). Mixed-stock analysis performed with age-2+ red drum collected in 2003 matched to the 2001 YOY baseline indicated that most of the sub-adult and adult red drum sampled in the S and SC regions were produced from the same areas (82 to 91%), with limited exchange between these regions. Mixing was more pronounced in the northern regions (N, NC), with a large percentage (35 to 42%) of individuals originating from the adjacent region to the south. Overall, the majority of sub-adult and adult red drum was collected within or near the same region occupied during the YOY period, suggestive of natal homing, retention within specific estuarine corridors, or lower survivability of recruits migrating from distant regions. C1 [Rooker, Jay R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Stunz, Gregory W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Stunz, Gregory W.] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Holt, Scott A.] Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Dept Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] Galveston Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Rooker, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 5007 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM rookerj@tamug.edu RI Rooker, Jay/M-3197-2013 OI Rooker, Jay/0000-0002-5934-7688 FU NOAA [NA06OAR4170076] FX We thank A. Davis, C. Pratt, R. Schloesser, D. Wells and M. Zapp for their assistance in the field or lab. Funding for this study was provided by Texas Sea Grant (NOAA award #NA06OAR4170076. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 407 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.3354/meps08605 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613KR UT WOS:000278978600015 ER PT J AU Jay, CV Udevitz, MS Kwok, R Fischbach, AS Douglas, DC AF Jay, Chadwick V. Udevitz, Mark S. Kwok, Ron Fischbach, Anthony S. Douglas, David C. TI Divergent movements of walrus and sea ice in the northern Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pacific walrus; Odobenus rosmarus; Bering Sea; Sea ice; Telemetry; RADARSAT; RGPS; SAR ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS; PATTERNS; BENTHOS; WHALES; ALASKA AB The Pacific walrus Odobenus rosmarus divergens is a large Arctic pinniped of the Chukchi and Bering Seas. Reductions of sea ice projected to occur in the Arctic by mid-century raise concerns for conservation of the Pacific walrus. To understand the significance of sea ice loss to the viability of walruses, it would be useful to better understand the spatial associations between the movements of sea ice and walruses. We investigated whether local-scale (similar to 1 to 100 km) walrus movements correspond to movements of sea ice in the Bering Sea in early spring, using locations from radio-tracked walruses and measures of ice floe movements from processed synthetic aperture radar satellite imagery. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models to analyze the angle between walrus and ice floe movement vectors and the distance between the final geographic position of walruses and their associated ice floes (displacement), as functions of observation duration, proportion of time the walrus was in water, and geographic region. Analyses were based on 121 walrus-ice vector pairs and observations lasting 12 to 36 h. Angles and displacements increased with observation duration, proportion of time the walrus spent in the water, and varied among regions (regional mean angles ranged from 40 to 81 degrees and mean displacements ranged from 15 to 35 km). Our results indicated a lack of correspondence between walruses and their initially associated ice floes, suggesting that local areas of walrus activities were independent of the movement of ice floes. C1 [Jay, Chadwick V.; Udevitz, Mark S.; Fischbach, Anthony S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Kwok, Ron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Jay, CV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cjay@usgs.gov RI Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008; Fischbach, Anthony/E-7166-2010; OI Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896; Fischbach, Anthony/0000-0002-6555-865X; Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X FU US Fish & Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management Office, Anchorage; US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center; North Pacific Research Board FX We appreciate field assistance from Y. Bukhtiyarov, M. Cody, A. Grachev, E. Gurarie, A. Kochnev, N. Kutrukhin, E. Rypkhirgin, and G. Sheffield. We thank S. Speckman and S. DellaSilva who worked diligently to procure a contract with the Russian vessel RV 'Magadan' for walrus tagging. We thank the crew of the RV 'Magadan' for their professional seamanship and kind support. Aerial reconnaissance of walruses was provided by USFWS and Commander Northwest. V. Burkanov was instrumental in securing work boats and assuring the safe storage and transport of field gear from Russia. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Satellite Facility kindly facilitated the availability of SAR imagery. K. Oakley, P. Boveng, D. Atwood, and 4 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Funding and administrative support was provided by the US Fish & Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management Office, Anchorage, and the US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. Additional funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board to complete analyses of SAR imagery. Walrus tagging was conducted under USFWS Permit No. MA801652-3. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the federal government. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 36 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 407 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.3354/meps08575 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613KR UT WOS:000278978600023 ER PT J AU Morrow, R Fu, LL AF Morrow, Rosemary Fu, Lee-Lueng TI OSTM/Jason-2 Calibration/Validation Preface SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Morrow, Rosemary] CNES, Toulouse, France. [Fu, Lee-Lueng] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Morrow, R (reprint author), CNES, Toulouse, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.491034 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900001 ER PT J AU Lambin, J Morrow, R Fu, LL Willis, JK Bonekamp, H Lillibridge, J Perbos, J Zaouche, G Vaze, P Bannoura, W Parisot, F Thouvenot, E Coutin-Faye, S Lindstrom, E Mignogno, M AF Lambin, Juliette Morrow, Rosemary Fu, Lee-Lueng Willis, Josh K. Bonekamp, Hans Lillibridge, John Perbos, Jacqueline Zaouche, Gerard Vaze, Parag Bannoura, Walid Parisot, Francois Thouvenot, Eric Coutin-Faye, Sophie Lindstrom, Eric Mignogno, Mike TI The OSTM/Jason-2 Mission SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Satellite altimetry; sea level; operational oceanography ID SEA-LEVEL; OCEAN; GRACE AB The Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2 (OSTM/Jason-2) satellite altimetry mission was successfully launched on June 20, 2008, as a cooperative mission between CNES, EUMETSAT, NASA, and NOAA. OSTM/Jason-2 will continue to precisely measure the surface topography of the oceans and continental surface waters, following on the same orbit as its predecessors, TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1. To maintain the high-accuracy measurements, the mission carries a dual-frequency altimeter, a three-frequency microwave radiometer, and three precise positioning systems. The objectives of the mission are both operational and scientific. The mission will provide near-real time high-precision altimetric measurements for integration into ocean forecasting models and other products. The mission will also extend the precise surface topography time series started by TOPEX/Poseidon in 1992 over two decades in order to study long-term ocean variations such as mean sea level variations and interannual and decadal oscillations. The measurement system has been adapted to provide quality data nearer to the coasts, and over lakes and rivers. This paper provides an overview of the OSTM/Jason-2 mission in terms of the system design and a brief introduction to the science objectives. C1 [Morrow, Rosemary] OMP, LEGOS, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Lambin, Juliette; Perbos, Jacqueline; Zaouche, Gerard; Thouvenot, Eric; Coutin-Faye, Sophie] CNES, Toulouse, France. [Fu, Lee-Lueng; Willis, Josh K.; Vaze, Parag] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bonekamp, Hans; Parisot, Francois] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites EUMETS, Darmstadt, Germany. [Lillibridge, John; Bannoura, Walid; Mignogno, Mike] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lindstrom, Eric] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. RP Morrow, R (reprint author), OMP, LEGOS, 18 Av Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. EM Rosemary.Morrow@legos.obs-mip.fr RI Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010 OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X FU CNES; NASA; EUMETSAT; NOAA FX This article is dedicated to Yves Menard, who as CNES Project Scientist did so much to advance the Jason series of altimeters. Yves should have been the main author of this paper, and he is profoundly missed by all of us. The success of this mission is due to the enthusiastic and efficient participation of all engineers, scientists, program managers, and experts who have been involved in this project. In particular, we benefited greatly from the long-term cooperation set up between the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team, partly funded by CNES and NASA, and the project teams within the four agencies CNES, NASA, EUMETSAT, and NOAA. Finally we thank the reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 4 EP 25 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.491030 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900002 ER PT J AU Zaouche, G Perbos, J Lafon, T Couderc, V Lambin, J Desjonqueres, JD Jayles, C Jurado, E Vaze, P Fu, LL Brown, S Parisot, F Bonekamp, H Bannoura, W Lillibridge, J AF Zaouche, G. Perbos, J. Lafon, T. Couderc, V. Lambin, J. Desjonqueres, J. D. Jayles, C. Jurado, E. Vaze, P. Fu, L. -L. Brown, S. Parisot, F. Bonekamp, H. Bannoura, W. Lillibridge, J. TI OSTM/Jason-2: Assessment of the System Performances (Ocean Surface Topography Mission: OSTM) SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Satellite altimetry; system performances; improvements AB On June 20, 2008, Jason-2 was successfully launched by a Boeing Delta II rocket from the Vandenberg site, California. The OSTM/Jason-2 project is a cooperation among NASA, NOAA, EUMETSAT, and CNES. The first two months of the OSTM/Jason-2 mission have been dedicated to the assessment of the overall system. The goal of this assessment phase was: (i) to assess the behavior of the spacecraft, at the platform and payload levels; (ii) to verify that platform performance requirements are met with respect to Jason-2 requirements; (iii) to verify that payload instruments performance requirements evaluated at instrument level are met; and (iv) to assess the performance of the Jason-2 Ground System. The paper will display the main outputs of the assessment of the system. It will demonstrate that all the elements of the onboard and ground systems are within the specifications. C1 [Zaouche, G.; Perbos, J.; Lafon, T.; Couderc, V.; Lambin, J.; Desjonqueres, J. D.; Jayles, C.; Jurado, E.] CNES, Ctr Natl Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France. [Vaze, P.; Fu, L. -L.; Brown, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Parisot, F.; Bonekamp, H.] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites EUMETS, Darmstadt, Germany. [Bannoura, W.; Lillibridge, J.] NOAA, Suitland, MD USA. RP Zaouche, G (reprint author), CNES, Ctr Natl Spatiales, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France. EM Gerard.Zaouche@cnes.fr RI Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010 OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 26 EP 52 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.488978 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900003 ER PT J AU Haines, BJ Desai, SD Born, GH AF Haines, Bruce J. Desai, Shailen D. Born, George H. TI The Harvest Experiment: Calibration of the Climate Data Record from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and the Ocean Surface Topography Mission SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Satellite altimetry; calibration/validation; TOPEX/Poseidon; Jason-1; Jason-2/OSTM; sea level; GPS ID GPS; ALTIMETERS; STABILITY; TOPEX; DELAY AB We present a 17-year calibration record of precise (Jason-class) spaceborne altimetry from a California offshore oil platform (Harvest). Our analyses indicate that the sea-surface-height (SSH) biases for all three TOPEX/Poseidon (1992-2005) measurement systems are statistically indistinguishable from zero at the 15 mm level. In contrast, the SSH bias estimates for the newer Jason-1 mission (2001-present) and the Ocean Surface Topography Mission (2008-present) are significantly positive. In orbit for over eight years, the Jason-1 measurement system yields SSH biased by +94 +/- 15 mm. Its successor, OSTM/Jason-2, produces SSH measurements biased by +178 +/- 16 mm. C1 [Haines, Bruce J.; Desai, Shailen D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Born, George H.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Haines, BJ (reprint author), 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 238-600, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Bruce.J.Haines@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX We are indebted to Plains Exploration and Production for hosting our experiment on platform Harvest, and supporting our trips to the platform. We dedicate our efforts to Edward "Chris" Christensen and Yves Menard. Their shared vision, leadership, and advocacy of the cal/val program are responsible for the fact that Harvest continues to return useful scientific data 17 years beyond the end of the T/P verification phase for which it was designed. The Harvest experiment is a multiagency effort, and we are indebted to numerous individuals for engaging in the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of the sensors, as well as interpretation of the data. They include Dan Kubitschek, Dave Stowers, Kevin Miller, Steve Dinardo, and Charles Morris (JPL); Razmik Khachikyan (Raytheon); Chuck Fowler and Scott Washburn (CU); Steve Gill, Mickey Moss, Eddie Shih, Jim Russell, Clyde Kakazu, and Mark Bailey (NOAA); and K. C. Rockwell (PXP). The Harvest research activities are funded by the NASA Physical Oceanography Program. We are grateful to Eric Lindstrom and Lee Fu for advancing the Harvest experiment and for assisting with the renewal of interagency agreements needed for experiment upgrades. A portion of the work described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 51 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 91 EP 113 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.491028 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900006 ER PT J AU Birkett, CM Beckley, B AF Birkett, C. M. Beckley, B. TI Investigating the Performance of the Jason-2/OSTM Radar Altimeter over Lakes and Reservoirs SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Jason-2/OSTM; satellite radar altimetry; instrument performance; lakes; reservoirs ID TOPEX/POSEIDON AB Many inland water investigations utilize archival and near-real time radar altimetry data to enable observation of the variation in surface water level. A multialtimeter approach allows a more global outlook with improved spatial resolution, and combined long-term observations improve statistical analyses. Central to all programs is a performance assessment of each instrument. Here, we focus on data quantity and quality pertaining to the Poseidon-3 radar altimeter onboard the Jason-2/OSTM satellite. Utilizing an interim data set (IGDR), studies show that the new on-board DIODE/median and DIODE/DEM tracking modes are performing well, acquiring and maintaining the majority of lake and reservoir surfaces in varying terrains. The 20-Hz along-track resolution of the data, and particularly the availability of the range output from the ice-retracker algorithm, also improves the number of valid height measurements. Based on test-case lakes and reservoirs, output from the ice-retracker algorithm is also seen to have a clear advantage over the ocean-retracker having better height stability across calm and icy surfaces, a greater ability to gain coastline waters, and less sensitivity to loss of water surface when there is island contamination in the radar echo. Such on-board tracking and postprocessing retracking enables the lake waters to be quickly gained after coastline crossing. Values can range from <0.1 s to 2.5 s, but the majority of measurements are obtained in less than 0.4 s or <2.3 km from the coast. Validation exercises reveal that targets of similar to 150 km(2) surface area and similar to 0.8 km width are able to be monitored offering greater potential to acquire lakes in the 100-300 km(2) size-category. Time series of height variations are also found to be accurate to similar to 3 to 33 cm rms depending on target size and the presence of winter ice. These findings are an improvement over the IGDR/GDR results from the predecessor Jason-1 and TOPEX/Poseidon missions and can satisfy the accuracy requirements of both the science-related and operational lake study programs. C1 [Birkett, C. M.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Beckley, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Birkett, CM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM cmb@essic.umd.edu FU NASA OSTM [NNX08AT88G]; NASA [NNX08AM72G] FX The authors thank the reviewers for valuable comments on the manuscript. The authors acknowledge AVISO (through CNES) for the provision of the Jason-2/OSTM IGDR data set. The following are acknowledged for the lake/reservoir gauge data: NOAA (Lake Ontario), the USGS(Lake of the Woods), the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Lake Powell), the USGS/NPS/Boat Concessionaire/Phil Farnes (Yellowstone Lake), and Environment Canada (Lake Diefenbaker). Satellite image access is courtesy of 2009 Google Earth software and Maps service. This research was funded by the NASA OSTM (NNX08AT88G) and NASA Decision Support (NNX08AM72G) grants. NR 46 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 EI 1521-060X J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 204 EP 238 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.488983 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900011 ER PT J AU Tseng, KH Shum, CK Yi, YC Dai, CL Lee, H Bilitza, D Komjathy, A Kuo, CY Ping, JS Schmidt, M AF Tseng, Kuo-Hsin Shum, C. K. Yi, Yuchan Dai, Chunli Lee, Hyongki Bilitza, Dieter Komjathy, Attila Kuo, C. Y. Ping, Jinsong Schmidt, Michael TI Regional Validation of Jason-2 Dual-Frequency Ionosphere Delays SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere delay; total electron content; Satellite altimetry ID GPS; ALTIMETRY AB In this study, we validated the Jason-2 (J2) dual-frequency ionosphere delay measurements in terms of vertical total electron content (VTEC) in the Geophysical Data Record (GDR) with the coarse resolution JPL Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM), the regional ionospheric maps generated by the Crustal Motion Observation Network of China (CMONOC), and the Jason-1 (J1) interleaved tandem mission (with J2) ionosphere delay measurements. The estimates of the relative biases and their uncertainties (95% confidence, in TEC units) for various comparison cases with different data spans and regions are (1) J2-GIM: -3.07 +/- 0.18 TECu (or 6.75 +/- 0.40 mm in the range delay), (2) J2-CMONOC: -2.87 +/- 0.38 TECu (6.31 +/- 0.84 mm), (3) J1-GIM: -0.19 +/- 0.18 TECu (0.42 +/- 0.40 mm), and (4) J2-J1 via double-differencing, that is, (J2-GIM)-(J1-GIM): -2.88 +/- 0.26 TECu (6.34 +/- 0.57 mm). The scatter (RMS, about the mean differences) between J2 and GIM, CMONOC, or J1 is about 3 similar to 8 TECu (6.6 similar to 17.6 mm). We conclude that the results from global and regional analysis are consistent and that the J2 ionosphere delay is about 6 similar to 10 mm (95% confidence) shorter than the delay computed by GIM, J1, or the regional model. C1 [Tseng, Kuo-Hsin] Ohio State Univ, Div Geodet Sci, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bilitza, Dieter] George Mason Univ, Space Weather Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Komjathy, Attila] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kuo, C. Y.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Geomat, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Ping, Jinsong] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Schmidt, Michael] Deutsch Geodaet Forschungsinst, Munich, Germany. RP Tseng, KH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Div Geodet Sci, Sch Earth Sci, 125 S Oval Mall,275 Mendenhall Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM tseng.95@osu.edu FU NSF [ATM-0418844]; NASA [JPL 1356532, 154-5322]; Chang'E-1 VLBI; BeiDou GNSS FX This research is supported by grants from NSF's National Space Weather Program (ATM-0418844), and from NASA's Ocean Science Topography Mission Program (JPL 1356532, and U. Colorado 154-5322). The Shanghai Astronomical Observatory component of the study is supported by the Chang'E-1 VLBI tracking project, and by the BeiDou GNSS Ionospheric Modeling Project. We thank the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) for providing the high-level GPS VTEC data products used in this study. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 272 EP 284 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.487801 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900014 ER PT J AU Fok, HS Iz, HB Shum, CK Yi, YC Andersen, O Braun, A Chao, Y Han, GQ Kuo, CY Matsumoto, K Song, YT AF Fok, H. S. Iz, H. Baki Shum, C. K. Yi, Yuchan Andersen, Ole Braun, Alexander Chao, Yi Han, Guoqi Kuo, C. Y. Matsumoto, Koji Song, Y. Tony TI Evaluation of Ocean Tide Models Used for Jason-2 Altimetry Corrections SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Ocean tides; satellite altimetry; coastal regions ID TOPEX/POSEIDON AB It has been more than a decade since the last comprehensive accuracy assessment of global ocean tide models. Here, we conduct an evaluation of the barotropic ocean tide corrections, which were computed using FES2004 and GOT00.2, and other models on the Jason-2 altimetry Geophysical Data Record (GDR), with a focus on selected coastal regions with energetic ocean dynamics. We compared nine historical and contemporary ocean tide models with pelagic tidal constants and with multiple satellite altimetry mission (T/P, ERS-1/-2, Envisat, GFO, Jason-1/-2) sea level anomalies using variance reduction studies. All accuracy assessment methods show consistent results. We conclude that all the contemporary ocean tide models evaluated have similar performance in the selected coastal regions. However, their accuracies are region-dependent and overall are significantly worse than those in the deep-ocean, which are at the 2-3 cm RMS (root-mean-square) level. The Gulf of Mexico and Northwest Atlantic regions present the least reduction of altimetry sea surface height variability after ocean tides are removed, primarily because of large oceanic variability associated with loop currents in the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf Stream in the Northwest Atlantic. C1 [Fok, H. S.; Shum, C. K.; Yi, Yuchan] Ohio State Univ, Div Geodet Sci, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Iz, H. Baki] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Andersen, Ole] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, Div Geodesy, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Braun, Alexander] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Geosci, Sch Nat Sci & Math, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Chao, Yi; Song, Y. Tony] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kuo, C. Y.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Geomat, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Matsumoto, Koji] Natl Astron Observ Japan, RISE Project, Oshu, Japan. RP Fok, HS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Div Geodet Sci, Sch Earth Sci, 125 S Oval Mall,275 Mendenhall Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM fok.8@buckeyemail.osu.edu RI Iz, Huseyin Baki/C-9988-2009; Andersen, Ole /H-7481-2016 OI Iz, Huseyin Baki/0000-0001-6709-0475; Andersen, Ole /0000-0002-6685-3415 FU NASA under the Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM) [JPL 1356532]; University of Colorado [154-5322]; Hong Kong Research Grants Council [PolyU 5184/06E/B-Q02D]; Canadian Space Agency; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX This research is partially support by grants from NASA's Physical Oceanography Program under the Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM) projects (JPL 1356532, and University of Colorado 154-5322), from Hong Kong Research Grants Council (Grant No. PolyU 5184/06E/B-Q02D), and from the Canadian Space Agency. TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Jason-2 altimetry data products are from NASA and CNES, via JPL PODACC and CNES Aviso. ERS-1/-2 and Envisat altimetry data are from ESA/ESRIN, and GFO altimetry data are provided by the U.S. Navy, via NOAA's Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry. This research was carried out, in part, by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments which resulted in an improved manuscript. We thank the ocean tidal modelers for providing their models, and Richard Ray for providing pelagic and coastal gauge tidal constants. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 285 EP 303 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.491027 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900015 ER PT J AU Hausman, J Zlotnicki, V AF Hausman, Jessica Zlotnicki, Victor TI Sea State Bias in Radar Altimetry Revisited SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Jason-1; OSTM; sea state bias; mean sea surface ID LEVEL AB Sea state bias (SSB) is calculated anew for each radar altimeter. The input data are sea surface height (h) differences, separated in time by at most one repeat cycle, or the difference between measured h and a time-mean sea surface, an approach called here "differences from the mean" (DFM). In order to release data to users soon, early estimates of SSB are computed from short time series. This work has three objectives: 1) show that the DFM approach introduces spurious values in the estimated SSB, 2) quantify the SSB error caused by short time series, and 3) estimate SSB for OSTM. C1 [Hausman, Jessica; Zlotnicki, Victor] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hausman, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 300-320, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Jessica.K.Hausman@jpl.nasa.gov FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA; Earth Observing System's Data and Information System FX We are grateful to Dimitris Menemenlis and the ECCO2 Team for the ECCO2 output, Akiko Hayashi for the Jason data gridded alongtrack, and Remko Scharroo for the very useful RADS database. Jason-1 GDR data were also obtained from PO. DAAC. This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and sponsored by NASA's Physical Oceanography Program (VZ) and the Earth Observing System's Data and Information System (JH). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 336 EP 347 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.487804 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900018 ER PT J AU Bertiger, W Desai, SD Dorsey, A Haines, BJ Harvey, N Kuang, D Sibthorpe, A Weiss, JP AF Bertiger, Willy Desai, Shailen D. Dorsey, Angie Haines, Bruce J. Harvey, Nate Kuang, Da Sibthorpe, Ant Weiss, Jan P. TI Sub-Centimeter Precision Orbit Determination with GPS for Ocean Altimetry SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Precision orbit determination; GPS; satellite altimetry; Jason; OSTM; ambiguity resolution ID TOPEX/POSEIDON; SATELLITES; TRACKING; SERVICE; MODEL AB We assess the accuracy of JPL's estimated OSTM/Jason-2 Global Positioning System (GPS)-determined orbits based on residuals to independent satellite laser ranging (SLR) data, compared with orbits produced by different software from different data (SLR/DORIS), Geophysical Data Record version C (GDR-C) orbits, and altimeter crossover tests. All of these tests are consistent with sub-cm radial accuracy: high elevation SLR residual standard deviation lies at 6.8 mm, RMS differences from GDR-C in the radial component typically fall below a cm, and altimeter crossovers from JPL orbits have a variance 89 mm(2) smaller than altimeter crossovers from GDR-C orbits. Although RMS differences between radial components of different orbit solutions typically lie below a cm, we observe systematic dependences on both time and geography. The improved precision and accuracy of JPL's OSTM/Jason-2 orbit solutions rely on a new algorithm for applying constraints to integer carrier phase ambiguities. This algorithm is sufficiently robust to improve solutions despite half-cycle carrier phase identification issues in OSTM/Jason-2's BlackJack receiver. Although Jason-1 receiver performance differs, our algorithm should extend to Jason-1 processing (during the time span of nominal GPS receiver operations). C1 [Bertiger, Willy; Desai, Shailen D.; Dorsey, Angie; Haines, Bruce J.; Harvey, Nate; Kuang, Da; Sibthorpe, Ant; Weiss, Jan P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bertiger, W (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM William.i.bertiger@jpl.nasa.gov RI Sibthorpe, Ant/C-1940-2012 FU NASA; OSTM at JPL; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We would like to thank the POD teams at CNES, GSFC, and Center for Space Research (CSR) for providing comparison orbits and technical exchanges. Our progress relies on this valuable interaction. The results described in this paper were enabled by a long-term investment in GPS infrastructure and technology by the NASA Earth Science Division. Additional support was provided by the NASA Physical Oceanography Program and the OSTM Project at JPL. We also thank Robert Decarvalho for his help in analyzing orbit differences. The work described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 363 EP 378 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.487800 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900020 ER PT J AU Cerri, L Berthias, JP Bertiger, WI Haines, BJ Lemoine, FG Mercier, F Ries, JC Willis, P Zelensky, NP Ziebart, M AF Cerri, L. Berthias, J. P. Bertiger, W. I. Haines, B. J. Lemoine, F. G. Mercier, F. Ries, J. C. Willis, P. Zelensky, N. P. Ziebart, M. TI Precision Orbit Determination Standards for the Jason Series of Altimeter Missions SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Precision orbit determination; DORIS; SLR; GPS; satellite altimetry; Jason; OSTM ID GRAVITY-FIELD MODELS; MEAN SEA-LEVEL; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; GEOCENTER VARIATIONS; MASS REDISTRIBUTION; GRAVITATIONAL-FIELD; RADIATION PRESSURE; GLOBAL OCEAN; TOPEX/POSEIDON; LAGEOS AB The Jason-1 altimeter satellite and its follow-on mission Jason-2/OSTM were launched in December 2001 and June 2008, respectively, to provide the scientific community with a high-accuracy continuous record of observations of the ocean surface topography. Both missions carry on board three state-of-the-art tracking systems (DORIS, GPS, SLR) to meet the requirement of better-than-1.5 cm radial accuracy for the operational orbit included in the geophysical data record (GDR) product. This article outlines the common set of models and processing techniques applied to both Jason reprocessed and operational orbits included in version C of the GDR, referred to as GDR-C standards for precision orbit determination (POD), and describes the systematic components of the radial error budget that are of most interest for the altimeter data analysts. The nonsystematic component of the error budget, quantified by intercomparison of orbits using similar models or with reduced dependency on the dynamic models, is generally at or below 7 mm RMS (root-mean-square). In particular, the average daily RMS of the radial difference between the JPL and CNES reduced-dynamic orbits on Jason-2 is below 6 mm. Concerning the dynamic models employed, the principal contributors to residual systematic differences appear to be the time varying gravity and solar radiation pressure, resulting in geographically correlated periodic signals that have amplitudes at the few-mm level. Concerning the drifts of the orbits along the North/South direction, all solutions agree to better than the 1 mm/year level. C1 [Cerri, L.; Berthias, J. P.; Mercier, F.] CNES, Toulouse, France. [Ries, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lemoine, F. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zelensky, N. P.] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Bertiger, W. I.; Haines, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Willis, P.] Direct Tech, Inst Geog Natl, St Mande, France. [Willis, P.] Inst Phys Globe, Paris, France. [Ziebart, M.] UCL, Dept Geomat Engn, London, England. RP Cerri, L (reprint author), CNES, 18 Av Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France. EM luca.cerri@cnes.fr RI Willis, Pascal/A-8046-2008; Lemoine, Frank/D-1215-2013 OI Willis, Pascal/0000-0002-3257-0679; NR 92 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 EI 1521-060X J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 379 EP 418 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.488966 PG 40 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900021 ER PT J AU Desai, SD Haines, BJ AF Desai, Shailen D. Haines, Bruce J. TI Precise Near-Real-Time Sea Surface Height Measurements from the Jason-1 and Jason-2/OSTM Missions SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Altimetry; sea surface height; precise orbit determination; near-real-time ID TOPEX/POSEIDON; CALIBRATION AB Precise measurements of sea surface height from the Jason-1 and Jason-2/Ocean Surface Topography Mission satellite altimeter missions are being generated within seven and four hours, respectively, of real time by applying high accuracy orbit altitudes to their near-real-time altimetry products. The near-real-time orbit altitudes have respective accuracies of <2 and <1 cm (RMS), and the corresponding sea surface height measurements have accuracies of <4.0 and <3.5 cm, respectively. These near-real-time orbit solutions are computed using GPS-based precise orbit determination for Jason-2, and Jason-1/Jason-2 sea surface height crossover differences for Jason-1. C1 [Desai, Shailen D.; Haines, Bruce J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Desai, SD (reprint author), 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 238-600, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Shailen.Desai@jpl.nasa.gov FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The work described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the reviewers for their valuable comments on this paper. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 419 EP 434 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.488968 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900022 ER PT J AU Beckley, BD Zelensky, NP Holmes, SA Lemoine, FG Ray, RD Mitchum, GT Desai, SD Brown, ST AF Beckley, B. D. Zelensky, N. P. Holmes, S. A. Lemoine, F. G. Ray, R. D. Mitchum, G. T. Desai, S. D. Brown, S. T. TI Assessment of the Jason-2 Extension to the TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 Sea-Surface Height Time Series for Global Mean Sea Level Monitoring SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Jason-2; satellite altimetry; calibration; verification; mean sea level ID STATE BIAS; TOPEX; ALTIMETERS; PRESSURE; MODELS; WIND AB The Jason-2 (OSTM) follow-on mission to Jason-1 provides for the continuation of global and regional mean sea level estimates along the ground-track of the initial phase of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission. During the first several months, Jason-1 and Jason-2 flew in formation separated by only 55 seconds, enabling the isolation of intermission instrument biases through direct collinear differencing of near simultaneous observations. The Jason-2 Ku-band range bias with respect to Jason-1 is estimated to be -84 +/- 9 mm, based on the orbit altitudes provided on the Geophysical Data Records. Modest improved agreement is achieved with the GSFC replacement orbits, which further enables the isolation of subtle (<1 cm) instrument-dependent range correction biases. Inter-mission bias estimates are confirmed with an independent assessment from comparisons to a 64-station tide-gauge network, also providing an estimate of the stability of the 17-year time series to be less than 0.1 mm/yr +/- 0.4 mm/yr. The global mean sea level derived from the multi-mission altimeter sea-surface height record from January 1993 through September 2009 is 3.3 +/- 0.4 mm/yr. Recent trends over the period from 2004 through 2008 are smaller and estimated to be 2.0 +/- 0.4 mm/yr. C1 [Beckley, B. D.; Zelensky, N. P.; Holmes, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mitchum, G. T.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Desai, S. D.; Brown, S. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Beckley, BD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Code 614-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM brian.d.beckley@nasa.gov RI Ray, Richard/D-1034-2012; Lemoine, Frank/D-1215-2013 FU U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the auspices of the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team; IDS Program in Mean Sea Level; MEaSUREs program FX We acknowledge the JPL PODAAC for providing T/P and Jason-1 GDR data, and the AVHRR SST data, and CNES AVISO for the OSTM GDR data. We thank Nicolas Picot and Remko Scharroo for providing Jason-1 GDR B correction tables prior to the version C release. Foremost the authors are honored to have been able to make a contribution to this special issue dedicated to the memory of Yves Menard. This work was supported by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the auspices of the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team, the IDS Program in Mean Sea Level, and the MEaSUREs program. NR 50 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 447 EP 471 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.491029 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900024 ER PT J AU McFee, WE Schwacke, JH Stolen, MK Mullin, KD Schwacke, LH AF McFee, Wayne E. Schwacke, John H. Stolen, Megan K. Mullin, Keith D. Schwacke, Lori H. TI Investigation of growth phases for bottlenose dolphins using a Bayesian modeling approach SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model; triple-logistic growth function; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; age and growth ID RIVER LAGOON SYSTEM; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; CURVE ANALYSIS; AGE; PATTERNS; USA; REPRODUCTION; STRANDINGS AB P>The Gompertz function is the most commonly used growth function for cetacean studies. However, this function cannot represent multiple phases of growth. In this study, we present a Bayesian framework fitting parameters of a triple-logistic growth function to describe multiple phases of growth for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), simultaneously fitting and comparing all growth parameters between South Carolina (SC), Mississippi Sound (MSS), and Indian River Lagoon (IRL) cohorts. The fitted functions indicated a preliminary early, rapid growth phase, followed by a second phase of slower growth, and then a moderate growth spurt later in life. Growth parameters between geographic cohorts did not show obvious differences, although asymptotic length for SC dolphins was lower than MSS and IRL dolphins and significantly lower between females from SC and the IRL. Growth rate velocities between the sexes showed females exceed males initially (< 1 yr), followed by males gaining an advantage around the ages of 3-4 yr until the age of around 15 yr when growth rates for both sexes approached zero (asymptotic length). This study demonstrates age-related changes in growth rates between bottlenose dolphin sexes and evidence of at least some differences (i.e., asymptotic length) across geographic cohorts. C1 [McFee, Wayne E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Schwacke, John H.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Stolen, Megan K.] Hubbs Sea World Res Inst, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. [Mullin, Keith D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP McFee, WE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM wayne.mcfee@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 67 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00306.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 538EO UT WOS:000273167300005 ER PT J AU Roth, DJ Tokars, RP Martin, RE Rauser, RW Aldrin, JC Schumacher, EJ AF Roth, D. J. Tokars, R. P. Martin, R. E. Rauser, R. W. Aldrin, J. C. Schumacher, E. J. TI Ultrasonic Phased Array Testing for an Isogrid Structural Element with Cracks SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE nondestructive testing; computational simulation; ultrasonics; isogrid; stiffener element; modeling; phased array AB In this investigation, a T-shaped aluminum alloy isogrid stiffener element used in aerospace applications was tested with ultrasonic phased array techniques. The isogrid stiffener element had various crack configurations emanating from bolt holes. Computational simulation methods were used to mimic the experiments in order to help understand experimental results. The results of this study indicate that it is at least partly feasible to interrogate this type of geometry with the given discontinuity configurations using phased array ultrasonics. The simulation methods were critical in helping explain the experimental results and, with some limitation, can be used to predict testing results. C1 [Roth, D. J.; Tokars, R. P.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Martin, R. E.] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Rauser, R. W.] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Aldrin, J. C.] Computat Tools Inc, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Schumacher, E. J.] Magsoft Corp, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. RP Roth, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 6-1,Rm 117E,Bldg 6,21000 Brook Pk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM donald.j.roth@nasa.gov FU Magsoft Corporation FX CIVA software, developed by the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and distributed and supported by Magsoft Corporation, was Used to model the phased array ultrasonic testing of the isogrid stiffener element. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 68 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 542EU UT WOS:000273476000011 ER PT J AU Eliezer, D Nissim, Y Kannengiesser, T AF Eliezer, Dan Nissim, Y. Kannengiesser, Thomas TI Effects of Shielding with Various Hydrogen-Argon Mixtures on Supermartensitic Stainless Steel TIG Welds SO MATERIALS TESTING LA English DT Article ID ALLOY AB A number of common defects in stainless steel welding result from the presence of hydrogen in the weld. The service life of the stainless steel joints is further significantly dependent on the presence of hydrogen in the respective environment and the susceptibility of various weld microstructures to hydrogen degradation. As a relatively new materials generation, supermartensitic stainless steels (SMSS) are increasingly applied to substitute more expensive alloys, particularly in the oil and gas industries. As a result of their martensitic microstructure these alloys are prone to hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC). The resistance of SMSS to hydrogen assisted stress corrosion cracking (HASCC) during sour service has been extensively studied, predominantly for industrial purposes. Studies are primarily conducted with parent materials based on standard test procedures. The principal hydrogen behavior in welded SMSS microstructures has been less investigated. The central objectives of the study are to determine the hydrogen interactions with the microstructure of a Gas Tungsten Arc (GTA) welded SMSS and hydrogen trapping mechanisms. The interactions of hydrogen with various Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welded SMSS microstructures are investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optic (OM) and electronic microscopy (SEM). A number of methods have been employed for the estimation of the quantities of absorbed hydrogen. Hydrogen interaction with structural defects and the characteristics of hydrogen desorption have been studied by means of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), and hydrogen content measurements (LECO analyses). The effects of the respective microstructure on hydrogen absorption and desorption behavior are discussed in detail. C1 [Eliezer, Dan; Nissim, Y.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mat Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Eliezer, Dan] NASA, Natl Res Council, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Eliezer, Dan] Univ Illinois, Dept Min & Met, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Kannengiesser, Thomas] BAM, Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Berlin, Germany. RP Eliezer, D (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mat Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0025-5300 J9 MATER TEST JI Mater. Test. PY 2010 VL 52 IS 5 BP 306 EP 315 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 599NA UT WOS:000277918700004 ER PT S AU Valsecchi, GB Rossi, A Milani, A Chesley, SR AF Valsecchi, G. B. Rossi, A. Milani, A. Chesley, S. R. BE DeLeon, M DeDiego, DM Ros, RM TI Collision probability: a new analytical derivation SO MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY: A JOINT LONG JOURNEY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mathematics and Astronomy: A Joint Long Journey CY NOV 23-27, 2009 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas, Minist Ciencia Innovac, Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Consolider Ingenio Matemat, Int Astronom Union, Int Math Union DE Collisions; Near-Earth Asteroids AB We characterize the region in orbital elements space containing collisions solutions of a small body with a planet, in the framework of the analytical theory of close encounters. This allows us to derive an analytical estimate of the probability of collision somewhat different from the well-known one given by Opik. C1 [Valsecchi, G. B.] INAF, IASF Roma, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Rossi, A.] CNR, ISTI, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. [Milani, A.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Chesley, S. R.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Valsecchi, GB (reprint author), INAF, IASF Roma, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI Rossi, Alessandro/D-4408-2016; OI Rossi, Alessandro/0000-0001-9311-2869; Valsecchi, Giovanni/0000-0002-2915-1465 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0837-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1283 BP 231 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3506064 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; History & Philosophy Of Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; History & Philosophy of Science; Mathematics GA BTK71 UT WOS:000287171000027 ER PT J AU Ayyub, BM Prassinos, PG Etherton, J AF Ayyub, Bilal M. Prassinos, Peter G. Etherton, John TI risk-INFORMED DECISION MAKING SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 [Ayyub, Bilal M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Technol Syst & Syst Management, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Prassinos, Peter G.] NASA Headquarters, Off Safety & Mission Assurance, Washington, DC USA. [Etherton, John] Ctr Safer Solut, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Ayyub, BM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Technol Syst & Syst Management, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 132 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 617AF UT WOS:000279252400023 ER PT S AU Ramirez-Rico, J Bautista, MA Martinez-Fernandez, J Singh, M AF Ramirez-Rico, J. Bautista, M. A. Martinez-Fernandez, J. Singh, M. BE Singh, D Kriven, WM TI COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH DEGRADATION IN ZrB2-SiC AND ZrB2-SiC-C ULTRA HIGH TEMPERATURE COMPOSITES SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES IV SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL ID DIBORIDE-SILICON CARBIDE; ZIRCONIUM DIBORIDE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; CERAMICS; OXIDATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; AIR; STABILITY; HAFNIUM AB The high melting point of refractory metal diborides makes them promising materials for ultra high temperature applications. In this work, we study the compressive strength of two ZrB2-SiC and ZrB2-SiC-C composites. Samples have been studied in compression at room temperature, 1400 degrees C and 1550 degrees C, in atmospheric air. The degradation of the mechanical properties as a result of atmospheric air exposure at high temperatures has also been studied as a function of exposure time. The presence of C is detrimental to the compressive strength, as carbon burns out at high temperatures in air. After exposure to air at high temperatures an external SiO2 layer is formed, below which ZrB2 oxidizes to ZrO2. A reduction of 30% in room temperature strength occurs after 16-24h of exposure to air at 1400 degrees C for the ZrB2-SiC material, while for the ZrB2-SiC-C composition this reduction is observed after less than 6h. The thickness of the oxide layer has been measured and the oxidation process is discussed in terms of the existing models: C1 [Ramirez-Rico, J.; Bautista, M. A.; Martinez-Fernandez, J.] Univ Seville, CSIC, Dpto Fis Mat Condensada ICMSE, Avda Reina Mercedes S-N, Seville 41012, Spain. [Singh, M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Ramirez-Rico, J (reprint author), Univ Seville, CSIC, Dpto Fis Mat Condensada ICMSE, Avda Reina Mercedes S-N, Seville 41012, Spain. RI Ramirez-Rico, Joaquin/A-7006-2009; MARTINEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIAN/K-1826-2012 OI Ramirez-Rico, Joaquin/0000-0002-1184-0756; MARTINEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIAN/0000-0002-1199-6638 FU European Office of Aerospace Research and Development; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8655-07-1-3087]; Junta de Andalucia FPDI FX This material is based upon work supported by the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory, under Grant No. FA8655-07-1-3087. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, Air Force Office of Scientific Research or Air Force Research Laboratory. SEM observations were done at the CITIUS of the Universidad de Sevilla. J.R-R. was funded by a Junta de Andalucia FPDI grant. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45752-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 127 EP + PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQS19 UT WOS:000281694100011 ER PT J AU Mayugo, JA Camanho, PP Maimi, P Davila, CG AF Mayugo, J. A. Camanho, P. P. Maimi, P. Davila, C. G. TI Analytical Modelling of Transverse Matrix Cracking of [+/-theta/90(n)](s) Composite Laminates under Multiaxial Loading SO MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Composite materials; fracture; transverse cracking; failure criteria; multiaxial loading; damage ID STIFFNESS REDUCTION; FAILURE; PLY; MECHANICS AB An analytical model based on the analysis of a cracked unit cell of a composite laminate subjected to multiaxial loads is proposed to predict the onset and accumulation of transverse matrix cracks in the 90(n) plies of uniformly stressed [+/-theta/90(n)](s) laminates. The model predicts the effect of matrix cracks on the stiffness of the laminate, as well as the ultimate failure of the laminate, and it accounts for the effect of the ply thickness on the ply strength. Several examples describing the predictions of laminate response, from damage onset up to final failure under both uniaxial and multiaxial loads, are presented. C1 [Mayugo, J. A.; Maimi, P.] Univ Girona, Escola Politecn Super, AMADE, Girona, Spain. [Camanho, P. P.] Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMec, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Davila, C. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Mayugo, JA (reprint author), Univ Girona, Escola Politecn Super, AMADE, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain. EM ja.mayugo@udg.edu RI Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011; Camanho, Pedro /E-1666-2011; Mayugo, Joan Andreu/C-3772-2009; AMADE Research Group, AMADE/B-6537-2014; Balanzat, Josep Costa/C-1017-2014; Maimi, Pere/C-3581-2009 OI Mayugo, Joan Andreu/0000-0001-8210-3529; AMADE Research Group, AMADE/0000-0002-5778-3291; Maimi, Pere/0000-0002-7350-1506 FU Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [PDCT/EME_PME/64984/2006]; Spanish Government [TRA2006-15718-C02-01] FX The financial support of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the project PDCT/EME_PME/64984/2006 is acknowledged by the second author.; The present work has been partially funded by the Spanish Government the under research project TRA2006-15718-C02-01. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6494 J9 MECH ADV MATER STRUC JI Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1080/15376490903056577 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 596RV UT WOS:000277703900001 ER PT J AU Jones, SM AF Jones, Steven M. TI Non-silica aerogels as hypervelocity particle capture materials SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COHERENT EXPANDED AEROGELS; IMPACT FEATURES; COMET 81P/WILD-2; DUST; STARDUST; RESIDUES; IDENTIFICATION; ALUMINUM; CRATERS; INTACT AB The Stardust sample return mission to the comet Wild 2 used silica aerogel as the principal cometary and interstellar particle capture and return medium. However, since both cometary dust and interstellar grains arc composed largely of silica, using a silica collector complicates the science that can be accomplished with these particles. The use of non-silica aerogel in future extra-terrestrial particle capture and return missions would expand the scientific value of these missions. Alumina, titania, germania, zirconia, tin oxide, and resorcinol/formaldehyde aerogels were produced and impact tested with 20, 50, and 100 pm glass microspheres to determine the suitability of different non-silica aerogels as hypervelocity particle capture mediums. It was found that non-silica aerogels do perform as efficient hypervelocity capture mediums, with alumina, zirconia, and resorcinol/formaldehyde aerogels proving to be the best of the materials tested. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jones, SM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 125-109, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM steven.m.jones@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.01007.x PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 591TE UT WOS:000277326500008 ER PT J AU Kebukawa, Y Nakashima, S Zolensky, ME AF Kebukawa, Yoko Nakashima, Satoru Zolensky, Michael E. TI Kinetics of organic matter degradation in the Murchison meteorite for the evaluation of parent-body temperature history SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; CM-CHONDRITES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; THERMAL METAMORPHISM; PRIMITIVE METEORITES; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; HYDROUS ASTEROIDS; C-13 NMR; INTERSTELLAR; ORIGIN AB To evaluate kinetic parameters for thermal degradation of organic matter, in situ heating experiments of insoluble organic matter (IOM) and bulk of Murchison (CM2) meteorite were conducted under Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy combined with a heating stage. Decreases of aliphatic C-H band area under Ar flow were well fitted with Ginstling-Brounshtein three-dimensional diffusion model, and the rate constants for decreases of aliphatic C-H were determined. Activation energies E(a) and frequency factors A obtained from these rate constants at different temperatures using the Arrhenius equation were E(a) = 109 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1) and A = 8.7 x 10(4) s(-1) for IOM, and E(a) = 61 +/- 6 kJ mol(-1) and A = 3.8 s(-1) for bulk, respectively. Activation energy values of aliphatic C-H decrease are larger for IOM than bulk. Hence, the mineral assemblage of the Murchison meteorite might have catalytic effects for the organic matter degradation. Using obtained kinetic expressions. the time scale for metamorphism can be estimated for a given temperature with aliphatic C-H band area, or the temperature of metamorphism can be estimated for a given time scale. For example, using the obtained kinetic parameters of mm, aliphatic C-H is lost approximately within 200 years at 100 degrees C and 100 Myr at 0 degrees C. Assuming alteration period of 7.5 Myr, alteration temperatures could be calculated to be <15 +/- 12 degrees C. Aliphatic C-H decrease profiles in a parent body can be estimated using time-temperature history model. The kinetic expression obtained by the infrared spectral band of aliphatic C-H could be used as an alternative method to evaluate thermal processes of organic matter in carbonaceous chondrites. C1 [Kebukawa, Yoko; Nakashima, Satoru] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, KT, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kebukawa, Y (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM ykebukawa@ciw.edu RI Kebukawa, Yoko/A-7315-2010 OI Kebukawa, Yoko/0000-0001-8430-3612 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists FX We thank helpful reviews of Dr. H. Yabuta, Dr. H. Busemann, and associate editor Dr. S. Sandford. This research was supported by Research Fellowships of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists to YK. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.01008.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 591TE UT WOS:000277326500009 ER PT S AU Bagge, L Epp, L Kaul, AR Kaul, AB AF Bagge, Leif Epp, Larry Kaul, Abdur R. Kaul, Anupama B. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI AC Modeling of Mechanical Resonators Based on Carbon Nanotubes SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID OSCILLATOR; MEMS AB We have analyzed mechanical resonances in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based on single, vertically-oriented tubes for their potential application in high-frequency, high-Q, miniaturized resonators. The nano-electro-mechanical (NEM) resonators were modeled using a commercially available finite-element-simulator, where the electro-mechanical coupling of the CNT to an incoming AC signal on a probe in close proximity was examined. The modeling results confirmed that the mechanical resonance was maximized when the frequency of the input signal was equal to the first order harmonic of the CNT. An investigation of the resonance frequency was also performed for various geometrical parameters of our unique three-dimensional (3D) NEMS architecture. C1 [Bagge, Leif; Epp, Larry; Kaul, Abdur R.; Kaul, Anupama B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bagge, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM anupama.b.kaul@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 76792E DI 10.1117/12.852488 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300064 ER PT S AU Getty, SA Auciello, O Sumant, AV Wang, XP Glavin, DP Mahaffy, PR AF Getty, Stephanie A. Auciello, Orlando Sumant, Anirudha V. Wang, Xinpeng Glavin, Daniel P. Mahaffy, Paul R. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Characterization of Nitrogen-Incorporated Ultrananocrystalline Diamond as a Robust Cold Cathode Material SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Field emission; ultrananocrystalline diamond ID FIELD-EMISSION; FILMS AB Carbon materials, including carbon nanotubes and nanostructured diamond, have been investigated for over a decade for application to electron field emission devices. In particular, they have been investigated because of their low power consumption, potential for miniaturization, and robustness as field emission materials, all properties that make nanocarbon materials strong candidates for applications as long life electron sources for mass spectrometers for space exploration, where electron sources are exposed to harsh environments,. A miniaturized mass spectrometer under development for in situ chemical analysis on the moon and other planetary environments requires a robust, long-lived electron source, to generate ions from gaseous sample using electron impact ionization. To this end, we have explored the field emission properties and lifetime of nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond films. We will present recent results revealing that UNCD films with nitrogen incorporation during growth (N-UNCD) yield stable/high field-induced electron emission in high vacuum for up to 1000 hours. C1 [Getty, Stephanie A.; Glavin, Daniel P.; Mahaffy, Paul R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Getty, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012; Mahaffy, Paul/E-4609-2012; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012 OI Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 76791N DI 10.1117/12.850585 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300046 ER PT S AU Hunter, GW Xu, JC Evans, L Biaggi-Labiosa, A Ward, BJ Rowe, S Makel, DB Liu, CC Dutta, P Berger, GM Vander Wal, RL AF Hunter, G. W. Xu, J. C. Evans, L. Biaggi-Labiosa, A. Ward, B. J. Rowe, S. Makel, D. B. Liu, C. C. Dutta, P. Berger, G. M. Vander Wal, R. L. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI The Development of Micro/Nano Chemical Sensor Systems for Aerospace Applications SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Microsensor; nanosensor; aerospace; gas; intelligent system; emissions; fire ID OXIDE AB Aerospace applications require a range of chemical sensing technologies to monitor conditions related to both space exploration and aeronautic aircraft operations. These applications include leak detection, engine emissions monitoring, fire detection, human health monitoring, and environmental monitoring. This paper discusses efforts to produce microsensor platforms and Smart Sensor Systems that can be tailored to measure a range of chemical species. This technology development ranges from development of base sensor platforms to the evaluation of more mature systems in relevant environments. Although microsensor systems can have a significant impact on aerospace applications, extensive application testing is necessary for their long-term implementation. The introduction of nanomaterials into microsensor platforms has the potential to significantly enable improved sensor performance, but control of those nanostructures is necessary in order to achieve maximum benefits. Examples will be given of microsensor platform technology, Smart Sensor Systems, application testing, and efforts to integrate and control nanostructures into sensor structures. C1 [Hunter, G. W.; Xu, J. C.; Evans, L.; Biaggi-Labiosa, A.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hunter, GW (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 76790S DI 10.1117/12.850486 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300023 ER PT S AU Kaul, AB Khan, AR Megerian, KG Epp, L LeDuc, HG Bagge, L Jennings, AT Jang, D Greer, JR AF Kaul, A. B. Khan, A. R. Megerian, K. G. Epp, L. LeDuc, H. G. Bagge, L. Jennings, A. T. Jang, D. Greer, J. R. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Carbon-based Nano-electro-mechanical-systems SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SWITCHES; NANOTUBES; INSTABILITIES; NANOFIBERS; NANOWIRES; DEVICES; MEMORY AB We provide an overview of our work where carbon-based nanostructures have been applied to two-dimensional (2D) planar and three-dimensional (3D) vertically-oriented nano-electro-mechanical (NEM) switches. In the first configuration, laterally oriented single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) synthesized using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were implemented for forming bridge-type 2D NEMS switches, where switching voltages were on the order of a few volts. In the second configuration, vertically oriented carbon nanofibers (CNFs) synthesized using plasma-enhanced (PE) CVD have been explored for their potential application in 3D NEMS. We have performed nanomechanical measurements on such vertically oriented tubes using nanoindentation to determine the mechanical properties of the CNFs. Electrostatic switching was demonstrated in the CNFs synthesized on refractory metallic nitride substrates, where a nanoprobe was used as the actuating electrode inside a scanning-electron-microscope. The switching voltages were determined to be in the tens of volts range and van der Waals interactions at these length scales appeared significant, suggesting such structures are promising for nonvolatile memory applications. A finite element model was also developed to determine a theoretical pull-in voltage which was compared to experimental results. C1 [Kaul, A. B.; Khan, A. R.; Megerian, K. G.; Epp, L.; LeDuc, H. G.; Bagge, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kaul, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM anupama.b.kaul@jpl.nasa.gov RI Jang, Dongchan/C-9510-2012 OI Jang, Dongchan/0000-0002-2814-9734 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 76790N DI 10.1117/12.851293 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300019 ER PT S AU Mukherjee, R Heiges, M Matthies, L AF Mukherjee, Rudranarayan Heiges, Michael Matthies, Larry BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Review of Micro Autonomous Vehicle Sizing and Power Modeling SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Micro autonomous vehicles; review; power modeling; battery technology AB This paper presents a discussion on sizing, weight and power of micro autonomous air and ground vehicles. While the air vehicles include both rotor and flapper based design, here the focus is on rotor based designs. The paper presents modeling methodologies for initial sizing of these vehicles and a survey of small COTS batteries. Some results from initial iterations on sizing vehicles and payloads are also presented. For air-vehicles, several factors have been identified in the sizing process, which can be adjusted in the search for a feasible design. These factors include the rotor figure of merit, the motor efficiency, and the battery specific energy. For ground vehicles, due to limited experimental data, three different ways for preliminary estimation of power requirements as a function of vehicle mass have been explored here. The sizing methodologies marry theoretical foundations with empirical observations and estimations. C1 [Mukherjee, Rudranarayan; Matthies, Larry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Matthies, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM lhm@jpl.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 76790X DI 10.1117/12.852633 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300028 ER PT S AU Son, KA Liao, A Lung, G Gallegos, M Hatake, T Harris, RD Scheick, LZ Smythe, WD AF Son, Kyung-ah Liao, Anna Lung, Gerald Gallegos, Manuel Hatake, Toshiro Harris, Richard D. Scheick, Leif Z. Smythe, William D. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI GaN-based High Temperature and Radiation-Hard Electronics for Harsh Environments SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE AlGaN/GaN; MOS transistor; Schottky-free; high temperature; radiation-hard ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; DEPENDENCE; DC; DEVICES AB We develop novel GaN-based high temperature and radiation-hard electronics to realize data acquisition electronics and transmitters suitable for operations in harsh planetary environments. In this paper, we discuss our research on AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors that are targeted for 500 degrees C operation and >2 Mrad radiation hardness. For the target device performance, we develop Schottky-free AlGaN/GaN MOS transistors, where a gate electrode is processed in a MOS layout using an Al(2)O(3) gate dielectric layer. The AlGaN/GaN MOS transistors fabricated with the wide-bandgap gate oxide layer enable Schottky-free gate electrodes, resulting in a much reduced gate leakage current and an improved sub-threshold current than the current AlGaN/GaN field effect transistors. In this study, characterization of our AlGaN/GaN MOS transistors is carried out over the temperature range of 25 degrees C to 500 degrees C. The I(ds)-V(gs) and I(ds)-V(ds) curves measured as a function of temperature show an excellent pinch-off behavior up to 450 degrees C. Off-state degradation is not observed up to 400 degrees C, but it becomes measurable at 450 degrees C. The off-state current is increased at 500 degrees C due to the gate leakage current, and the AlGaN/GaN MOS HEMT does not get pinched-off completely. Radiation hardness testing of the AlGaN/GaN MOS transistors is performed using a 50 MeV (60)Co gamma source to explore effects of TID (total ion dose). Excellent I(ds)-V(gs) and I(ds)-V(ds) characteristics are measured even after exposures to a TID of 2Mrad. A slight decrease of saturation current (Delta I(dss)similar to 3 mA/mm) is observed due to the 2Mrad irradiation. C1 [Son, Kyung-ah; Liao, Anna; Lung, Gerald; Gallegos, Manuel; Hatake, Toshiro; Harris, Richard D.; Scheick, Leif Z.; Smythe, William D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Son, KA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8143-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7679 AR 76790U DI 10.1117/12.852711 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS26 UT WOS:000285623300025 ER PT J AU Rastogi, G Osman, S Vaishampayan, PA Andersen, GL Stetler, LD Sani, RK AF Rastogi, Gurdeep Osman, Shariff Vaishampayan, Parag A. Andersen, Gary L. Stetler, Larry D. Sani, Rajesh K. TI Microbial Diversity in Uranium Mining-Impacted Soils as Revealed by High-Density 16S Microarray and Clone Library SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MILL TAILINGS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; MINE TAILINGS; REDUCTION; WASTE; BIOREMEDIATION AB Microbial diversity was characterized in mining-impacted soils collected from two abandoned uranium mine sites, the Edgemont and the North Cave Hills, South Dakota, using a high-density 16S microarray (PhyloChip) and clone libraries. Characterization of the elemental compositions of soils by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy revealed higher metal contamination including uranium at the Edgemont than at the North Cave Hills mine site. Microarray data demonstrated extensive phylogenetic diversity in soils and confirmed nearly all clone-detected taxonomic levels. Additionally, the microarray exhibited greater diversity than clone libraries at each taxonomic level at both the mine sites. Interestingly, the PhyloChip detected the largest number of taxa in Proteobacteria phylum for both the mine sites. However, clone libraries detected Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes as the most numerically abundant phyla in the Edgemont and North Cave Hills mine sites, respectively. Several 16S rDNA signatures found in both the microarrays and clone libraries displayed sequence similarities with yet-uncultured bacteria representing a hitherto unidentified diversity. Results from this study demonstrated that highly diverse microbial populations were present in these uranium mine sites. Diversity indices indicated that microbial communities at the North Cave Hills mine site were much more diverse than those at the Edgemont mine site. C1 [Rastogi, Gurdeep; Sani, Rajesh K.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Osman, Shariff; Andersen, Gary L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vaishampayan, Parag A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stetler, Larry D.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Sani, RK (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM Rajesh.Sani@sdsmt.edu RI Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 FU US Geological Survey [3F3482]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0742597, EEC-0502310]; Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP); US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07-ER-64366, G125-08-W1577] FX The authors Gurdeep Rastogi and Rajesh Sani acknowledge the support provided by the US Geological Survey (subaward number 3F3482) and National Science Foundation (grant numbers EAR-0742597 and EEC-0502310). In addition, funding through the South Dakota Governor's 2010 seed grant program is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge the financial support provided by the Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP) within the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy (grant number DE-FG02-07-ER-64366 with subaward number G125-08-W1577). The authors thank Nicole Keegan for assisting in the sequencing of clones. The authors are grateful to Todd Z. DeSantis for useful discussion on using resources available through the Greengenes website (http://greengenes.lbl.gov/). We also would like to thank the anonymous reviewers whose critiques were instrumental in improving the quality of our manuscript. NR 54 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP 94 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s00248-009-9598-5 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 544UO UT WOS:000273685000009 PM 19888627 ER PT S AU Chang, WY Chow, ET AF Chang, William Y. Chow, Edward T. GP IEEE TI An Extensible Markup Language for Effective System and Service Federation SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Policy-Based Management; Policy Negotiation; Extensible Markup Language; Cloud Computing; Cyber Security AB In defense applications, a Federation of Systems (FoS) is an autonomous environment where systems are managed without central authority and direction. In the case of Web applications, federated services means services from different providers are aggregated with the same business objectives as part of a value chain relationship. Managing such a dynamic environment requires an infrastructure-level coordination capability where policy and guidance of the joint objectives can be seamlessly exchanged and agreed on. Invented to support the US Department of Defense (DoD) Test & Evaluation (T&E) network mission operations, a set of computer-readable infrastructure descriptions, called Integration Markup Language (IML), was created by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to automate infrastructure management between federated partners. This paper describes the applications of IML as part of the Policy-Based Adaptive Network and Security Management (PAM)(1) project for the DoD T&E program and DoD/NASA Mission Command and Control. It provides a detailed illustration of how the language is used to assist partner systems to exchange policies without having to expose their internal applications and network infrastructures. An advantage of this feature eliminates the need to modify exiting systems, thus improving the efficiency of adoptability. This paper provides practical samples of the language schema and instruction of how to convert the enterprise network or application configuration into IML descriptions. This paper concludes by explaining how the IML can assist cross-provider collaboration of cloud-computing services as well as the applications of using IML to enhance cyber security. C1 [Chang, William Y.] Booz Allen Hamilton Inc, Def & Cyber Commun, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. [Chow, Edward T.] NASA, CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Chang, WY (reprint author), Booz Allen Hamilton Inc, Def & Cyber Commun, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. FU Test Resource Management Center (TRMC) Test and Evaluation/Science and Technology (TE/ST) Program; U.S. Department of Defense, TRMC, T&E/S&T Program under NASA [NAS7-03001, 81-12346] FX The authors would like to thank the Test Resource Management Center (TRMC) Test and Evaluation/Science and Technology (T&E/S&T) Program for their support. The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology and was funded in part by the U.S. Department of Defense, TRMC, T&E/S&T Program under NASA prime contract NAS7-03001, Task Plan Number 81-12346. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680348 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200157 ER PT S AU Valles, EL Wesel, RD Villasenor, JD Jones, CR Simon, M AF Valles, Esteban L. Wesel, Richard D. Villasenor, John D. Jones, Christopher R. Simon, Marvin GP IEEE TI Pilotless Carrier Phase-Synchronization via LDPC Code Feedback SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA ID RECOVERY; CHANNEL AB This paper addresses the carrier-phase estimation problem under the low SNR conditions often encountered in turbo and LDPC-coded applications. In [1] a decision-directed carrier synchronization (DDCS) circuit that uses soft information from an iterative LDPC decoder was presented for BPSK and QPSK constellations with constant phase offsets. In this work, we present a method that is able to handle arbitrary constellations with a random-walk phase noise process. Loop SNR equations are derived and the performance for different constellations is shown. An extension of the DDCS algorithm is described that uses a search and tracking method based on measuring the number of satisfied LDPC constraint-node equations equations at the decoder and is able to track arbitrary carrier phase. C1 [Valles, Esteban L.; Wesel, Richard D.; Villasenor, John D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Jones, Christopher R.; Simon, Marvin] Jet Propul Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Valles, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM evalles@ee.ucla.edu; wesel@ee.ucla.edu; villa@ee.ucla.edu; christop@jpl.nasa.gov; msimon@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 2068 EP 2073 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680463 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200183 ER PT S AU Hossain, MS Atiquzzaman, M Ivancic, W AF Hossain, Md. Shohrab Atiquzzaman, Mohammed Ivancic, William GP IEEE TI Cost Analysis of Mobility Entities of Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 SO MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 (MILCOM 2010) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM Military Communications Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2010 CL San Jose, CA DE Mobility Protocols; Analytical Modeling; Signaling cost; Mobile IPv6 ID PERFORMANCE AB IETF proposed Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) to support host mobility and mobility management involves signaling costs at various mobility entities of the network. Widespread use of IP-enabled mobile devices have resulted in increase in number of mobile users and the signaling cost on underlying mobility entities have increased significantly, which will result in their performance degradation. However, there has been no comprehensive cost analysis of mobility protocol entities that considers all possible costs. In this paper, we have developed analytical models to estimate total costs of key mobility management entities of HMIPv6. We have presented numerical results to demonstrate the impact of network size, mobility rate, traffic rate and data volume on these costs and the percentage overhead on the mobility entities. Our results show that a significant amount of resources are required by the mobility entities for transmission, processing of various signaling messages, as well as searching location database. Our cost analysis will thus be helpful for military applications in estimating actual resource requirements for on-board IP-enabled devices in military vans, tanks, helicopters that require mobility management especially while in operation. C1 [Hossain, Md. Shohrab; Atiquzzaman, Mohammed] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ivancic, William] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hossain, MS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM shohrab@ou.edu; atiq@ou.edu; wivancic@grc.nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX06AE44G] FX The research work reported in this paper was supported by NASA Grant NNX06AE44G. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-8180-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2010 BP 2280 EP 2285 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680372 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTQ21 UT WOS:000287747200075 ER PT J AU Stephenson, MR Byrne, DC Ohin, DW Murphy, WJ Chandler, DW Davis, RR Allen, JR Danielson, RW AF Stephenson, Mark R. Byrne, David C. Ohin, Douglas W. Murphy, William J. Chandler, David W. Davis, Rickie R. Allen, John R. Danielson, Richard W. TI Perspectives on "Efficacy of the US Army Policy on Hearing Conservation Programs" SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Stephenson, Mark R.; Murphy, William J.; Davis, Rickie R.] NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Ohin, Douglas W.] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Bel Air, MD 21014 USA. [Chandler, David W.] Dept Vet Affairs, Rehabil Serv, Washington, DC 20420 USA. [Allen, John R.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Danielson, Richard W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Stephenson, MR (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop C-27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP XII EP XVI PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GN UT WOS:000276584800004 PM 20108834 ER PT S AU Benford, DJ Chuss, DT Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Jethava, NS Jhabvala, CA Kogut, AJ Miller, TM Mirel, P Moseley, SH Rostem, K Sharp, EH Staguhn, JG Stiehl, GM Voellmer, GM Wollack, EJ AF Benford, Dominic J. Chuss, David T. Hilton, Gene C. Irwin, Kent D. Jethava, Nikhil S. Jhabvala, Christine A. Kogut, Alan J. Miller, Timothy M. Mirel, Paul Moseley, S. Harvey Rostem, Karwan Sharp, Elmer H. Staguhn, Johannes G. Stiehl, Gregory M. Voellmer, George M. Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI 5,120 Superconducting Bolometers for the PIPER Balloon-Borne CMB Polarization Experiment SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE cosmic microwave background polarization; superconducting transition edge sensor bolometer; SQUID ID FAR-INFRARED ASTRONOMY; READOUT; ARRAYS; MULTIPLEXERS; BACKSHORT AB We are constructing the Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and search for the imprint of gravity waves produced during an inflationary epoch in the early universe. The signal is faint and lies behind confusing foregrounds, both astrophysical and cosmological, and so many detectors are required to complete the measurement in a limited time. We will use four of our matured 1,280 pixel, high-filling-factor backshort-under-grid bolometer arrays for efficient operation at the PIPER CMB wavelengths. All four arrays observe at a common wavelength set by passband filters in the optical path. PIPER will fly four times to observe at wavelengths of 1500, 1100, 850, and 500 mu m in order to separate CMB from foreground emission. The arrays employ leg-isolated superconducting transition edge sensor bolometers operated at 128 mK; tuned resonant backshorts for efficient optical coupling; and a second-generation superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexer readout. We describe the design, development, and performance of PIPER bolometer array technology to achieve background-limited sensitivity for a cryogenic balloon-borne telescope. C1 [Benford, Dominic J.; Chuss, David T.; Jethava, Nikhil S.; Jhabvala, Christine A.; Kogut, Alan J.; Miller, Timothy M.; Mirel, Paul; Moseley, S. Harvey; Rostem, Karwan; Sharp, Elmer H.; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Voellmer, George M.; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Benford, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Dominic.Benford@nasa.gov RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Chuss, David/D-8281-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-231-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7741 AR 77411Q DI 10.1117/12.856491 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU83 UT WOS:000285838800049 ER PT S AU Beyer, AD Kenyon, ME Echternach, PM Eom, BH Bueno, J Day, PK Bock, JJ Bradford, CM AF Beyer, A. D. Kenyon, M. E. Echternach, P. M. Eom, B. -H. Bueno, J. Day, P. K. Bock, J. J. Bradford, C. M. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Characterizing SixNy absorbers and support beams for far-infrared/submillimeter transition-edge sensors SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE transition-edge sensor; far-infrared spectrometer; submillimeter spectrometer; SixNy thermal properties ID QUANTUM AB We report on the characterization of SixNy (Si-N) optical absorbers and support beams for transition-edge sensors (TESs). The absorbers and support beams measured are suitable to meet ultra-sensitive noise equivalent power (NEP <= 10-W-19/root Hz) and effective response time (tau) requirements (tau <= 100ms) for space-borne far-infrared(IR)/submillimeter(sub-mm) spectrometers, such as the Background Limited far-Infrared/Sub-mm Spectrograph (BLISS) and the SpicA FAR-infrared Instrument (SAFARI) for the SPace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA). The thermal response time (tau(0)) of an absorber suspended by support beams from a low-temperature substrate depends on the heat capacity (C) of the absorber and the thermal conductance (G) of the support beams (tau(0)=C/G). In membrane-isolated TESs for BLISS, the effective response time tau is expected to be a factor of 20 smaller than tau(0) because of voltage-biased electrothermal feedback operation and assumption of a reasonable open-loop gain, L-I approximate to 20. We present design specifications for the arrays of membrane-isolated ultra-sensitive TESs for BLISS. Additionally, we measured G and t0 for two Si-N Johnson noise Thermometry Device (JTD) architectures made using different fabrication processes: (1) a solid membrane Si-N absorber suspended by thin and long Si-N support beams and (2) a wire-mesh Si-N absorber suspended by long, and even thinner, Si-N support beams. The measurements of G and t0 were designed to test suitability of the Si-N thermal performance to meet the demands of the two SPICA instruments. The solid membrane JTD architecture is similar to the TES architecture for SAFARI and the mesh membrane JTD is similar to that of BLISS TESs. We report measured values of G and C for several BLISS and SAFARI JTD devices. We observe that the heat capacity of the solid membrane devices can be reduced to the order of 1fJ/K at 65mK for devices that are wet etched by KOH. However, C for these devices is found to be on the order of 100fJ/K for a dry XeF2 process. The heat capacity is similarly large for the mesh devices produced with a dry XeF2 etch. C1 [Beyer, A. D.; Kenyon, M. E.; Echternach, P. M.; Eom, B. -H.; Bueno, J.; Day, P. K.; Bock, J. J.; Bradford, C. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Beyer, AD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM beyer@caltech.edu NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-231-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7741 AR 774121 DI 10.1117/12.857885 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU83 UT WOS:000285838800056 ER PT S AU Billot, N Sauvage, M Rodriguez, L Horeau, B Kiss, C Aussel, H Okumura, K Boulade, O Altieri, B Poglitsch, A Agnese, P AF Billot, Nicolas Sauvage, M. Rodriguez, L. Horeau, B. Kiss, C. Aussel, H. Okumura, K. Boulade, O. Altieri, B. Poglitsch, A. Agnese, P. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI CEA Bolometer Arrays: the First Year in Space SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Bolometer arrays; Far Infrared; Cold readout multiplexing; Filled arrays; Herschel/PACS ID CAMERA AB The CEA/LETI and CEA/SAp started the development of far-infrared filled bolometer arrays for space applications over a decade ago. The unique design of these detectors makes possible the assembling of large focal planes comprising thousands of bolometers running at 300 mK with very low power dissipation. Ten arrays of 16x16 pixels were thoroughly tested on the ground, and integrated in the Herschel/PACS instrument before launch in May 2009. These detectors have been successfully commissioned and are now operating in their nominal environment at the second Lagrangian point of the Earth-Sun system. In this paper we briefly explain the functioning of CEA bolometer arrays, and we present the properties of the detectors focusing on their noise characteristics, the effect of cosmic rays on the signal, the repeatability of the measurements, and the stability of the system. C1 [Billot, Nicolas] CALTECH, NASA, Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Billot, N (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM nbillot@ipac.caltech.edu OI Altieri, Bruno/0000-0003-3936-0284 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-231-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7741 AR 774102 DI 10.1117/12.856449 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU83 UT WOS:000285838800001 ER PT S AU Brown, AD Chuss, DT Chervenak, JA Henry, RM Moseley, SH Wollack, EJ AF Brown, Ari D. Chuss, David T. Chervenak, James A. Henry, Ross M. Moseley, S. Harvey Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Compact Radiative Control Structures for Millimeter Astronomy SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Anti-reflection coatings; far-infrared; sub-millimeter; silicon quasioptics; resonant absorbers; neutral density filters ID SILICON; CAMERA AB We have designed, fabricated, and tested compact radiative control structures, including antireflection coatings and resonant absorbers, for millimeter through submillimeter wave astronomy. The antireflection coatings consist of micro-machined single crystal silicon dielectric sub-wavelength honeycombs. The effective dielectric constant of the structures is set by the honeycomb cell geometry. The resonant absorbers consist of pieces of solid single crystal silicon substrate and thin phosphorus implanted regions whose sheet resistance is tailored to maximize absorption by the structure. We present an implantation model that can be used to predict the ion energy and dose required for obtaining a target implant layer sheet resistance. A neutral density filter, a hybrid of a silicon dielectric honeycomb with an implanted region, has also been fabricated with this basic approach. These radiative control structures are scalable and compatible for use large focal plane detector arrays. C1 [Brown, Ari D.; Chuss, David T.; Chervenak, James A.; Henry, Ross M.; Moseley, S. Harvey; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Brown, AD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ari.d.brown@nasa.gov RI Chuss, David/D-8281-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-231-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7741 AR 77412C DI 10.1117/12.858174 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU83 UT WOS:000285838800065 ER PT S AU Brown, AD Hsieh, WT Moseley, SH Stevenson, TR U-yen, K Wollack, EJ AF Brown, Ari-David Hsieh, Wen-Ting Moseley, S. Harvey Stevenson, Thomas R. U-yen, Kongpop Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Fabrication of an Absorber-Coupled MKID Detector and Readout for Sub-Millimeter and Far-Infrared Astronomy SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MKID; far-infrared; microwave; cryogenic detectors; absorber coupled AB We have fabricated absorber-coupled microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) arrays for sub-millimeter and far-infrared astronomy. These sensors are comprised of arrays of lambda/2 stepped microwave impedance resonators patterned on a 1.5 mu m thick silicon membrane, which are optimized for optical coupling. The detector elements are supported on a 380 mu m thick micro-machined silicon wafer. The resonators consist of parallel plate aluminum transmission lines coupled to low impedance Nb microstrip traces of variable length, which set the resonant frequency of each resonator. This allows for multiplexed microwave readout and, consequently, good spatial discrimination between pixels in the array. The Al transmission lines simultaneously act to absorb optical power and by employing an appropriate surface impedance and effective filling fraction. Our novel fabrication techniques demonstrate high fabrication yield of MKID arrays on large single crystal membranes and sub-micron front-to-back alignment of the microstrip circuit. C1 [Brown, Ari-David; Hsieh, Wen-Ting; Moseley, S. Harvey; Stevenson, Thomas R.; U-yen, Kongpop; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Brown, AD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ari.d.brown@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-231-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7741 AR 77410P DI 10.1117/12.857281 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU83 UT WOS:000285838800017 ER PT S AU Chuss, DT Ade, PAR Benford, DJ Bennett, CL Dotson, JL Eimer, JR Fixsen, DJ Halpern, M Hilton, G Hinderks, J Hinshaw, G Irwin, K Jackson, ML Jah, MA Jethava, N Jhabvala, C Kogut, AJ Lowe, L McCullagh, N Miller, T Mirel, P Moseley, SH Rodriguez, S Rostem, K Sharp, E Staguhn, JG Tucker, CE Voellmer, GM Wollack, EJ Zeng, LZ AF Chuss, David T. Ade, Peter A. R. Benford, Dominic J. Bennett, Charles L. Dotson, Jessie L. Eimer, Joseph R. Fixsen, Dale J. Halpern, Mark Hilton, Gene Hinderks, James Hinshaw, Gary Irwin, Kent Jackson, Michael L. Jah, Muzariatu A. Jethava, Nikhil Jhabvala, Christine Kogut, Alan J. Lowe, Luke McCullagh, Nuala Miller, Timothy Mirel, Paul Moseley, S. Harvey Rodriguez, Samelys Rostem, Karwan Sharp, Elmer Staguhn, Johannes G. Tucker, Carole E. Voellmer, George M. Wollack, Edward J. Zeng, Lingzhen BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Cosmic Microwave Background; Polarimetry ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; POWER SPECTRA; TEMPERATURE; POLARIMETER; DETECTORS; QUAD AB The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne instrument designed to search for the faint signature of inflation in the polarized component of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Each flight will be configured for a single frequency, but in order to aid in the removal of the polarized foreground signal due to Galactic dust, the filters will be changed between flights. In this way, the CMB polarization at a total of four different frequencies (200, 270, 350, and 600 GHz) will be measured on large angular scales. PIPER consists of a pair of cryogenic telescopes, one for measuring each of Stokes Q and U in the instrument frame. Each telescope receives both linear orthogonal polarizations in two 32 x 40 element planar arrays that utilize Transition-Edge Sensors (TES). The first element in each telescope is a variable-delay polarization modulator (VPM) that fully modulates the linear Stokes parameter to which the telescope is sensitive. There are several advantages to this architecture. First, by modulating at the front of the optics, instrumental polarization is unmodulated and is therefore cleanly separated from source polarization. Second, by implementing this system with the appropriate symmetry, systematic effects can be further mitigated. In the PIPER design, many of the systematics are manifest in the unmeasured linear Stokes parameter for each telescope and thus can be separated from the desired signal. Finally, the modulation cycle never mixes the Q and U linear Stokes parameters, and thus residuals in the modulation do not twist the observed polarization vector. This is advantageous because measuring the angle of linear polarization is critical for separating the inflationary signal from other polarized components. C1 [Chuss, David T.; Benford, Dominic J.; Fixsen, Dale J.; Hinderks, James; Hinshaw, Gary; Jackson, Michael L.; Jah, Muzariatu A.; Jethava, Nikhil; Jhabvala, Christine; Kogut, Alan J.; Lowe, Luke; Miller, Timothy; Mirel, Paul; Moseley, S. Harvey; Rodriguez, Samelys; Rostem, Karwan; Sharp, Elmer; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Voellmer, George M.; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observ Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Chuss, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observ Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM David.T.Chuss@nasa.gov RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Chuss, David/D-8281-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-231-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7741 AR 77411P DI 10.1117/12.857119 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU83 UT WOS:000285838800048 ER PT S AU Jethava, N Chervenak, J Brown, AD Benford, D Kletetschka, G Mikula, V U-Yen, K AF Jethava, Nikhil Chervenak, James Brown, Ari-David Benford, Dominic Kletetschka, Gunther Mikula, Vilem U-yen, Kongpop BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Development of superconducting transition edge sensors based on electron-phonon decoupling SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Bolometer; Thermal Conductance; Electron-Phonon decoupling; Transition Edge Sensors ID ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; BOLOMETERS AB We have successfully fabricated a superconducting transition edge sensor (TES), bolometer that centers on the use of electron-phonon decoupling (EPD) for thermal isolation. We have selected a design approach that separates the two functions of far-infrared and THz radiative power absorption and temperature measurement, allowing separate optimization of the performance of each element. We have integrated molybdenum/gold (Mo/Au) bilayer TES and ion assisted thermally evaporated (IAE) bismuth (Bi) films as radiation absorber coupled to a low-loss microstripline from niobium (Nb) ground plane to a twin-slot antenna structure. The thermal conductance (G) and the time constant for the different geometry device have been measured. For one such device, the measured G is 1.16x10(-10) W/K (+/- 0.61x10(-10) W/K) at 60 mK, which corresponds to noise equivalent power (NEP) = 1.65x10(-18)W/root Hz and time constant of similar to 5 mu s. C1 [Jethava, Nikhil; Chervenak, James; Brown, Ari-David; Benford, Dominic; Kletetschka, Gunther; Mikula, Vilem; U-yen, Kongpop] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Jethava, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Kletetschka, Gunther/C-9996-2011; Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Kletetschka, Gunther/0000-0002-0645-9037; Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-231-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7741 AR 774120 DI 10.1117/12.856450 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU83 UT WOS:000285838800055 ER PT S AU Karasik, BS Pereverzev, SV Olaya, D Gershenson, ME Cantor, R Kawamura, JH Day, PK Bumble, B Leduc, HG Monacos, SP Harding, DG Santavicca, D Carter, F Prober, DE AF Karasik, Boris S. Pereverzev, Sergey V. Olaya, David Gershenson, Michael E. Cantor, Robin Kawamura, Jonathan H. Day, Peter K. Bumble, Bruce LeDuc, Henry G. Monacos, Steve P. Harding, Dennis G. Santavicca, Daniel Carter, Faustin Prober, Daniel E. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Development of the nano-HEB array for low-background far-IR applications SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hot-electron; nanobolometer; single-photon; MSQUID; FIR detector; antenna-coupled ID HOT-ELECTRON NANOBOLOMETERS; ASTROPHYSICS; NOISE; SAFIR; THZ AB We present an overview of the recent progress made in the development of a far-IR array of ultrasensitive hot-electron nanobolometers (nano-HEB) made from thin titanium (Ti) films. We studied electrical noise, signal and noise bandwidth, single-photon detection, optical noise equivalent power (NEP), and a microwave SQUID (MSQUID) based frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) scheme. The obtained results demonstrate the very low electrical NEP down to 1.5x10(-20) W/Hz(1/2) at 50 mK determined by the dominating phonon noise. The NEP increases with temperature as similar to T-3 reaching similar to 10(-17) W/Hz(1/2) at the device critical temperature T-C = 330-360 mK. Optical NEP = 8.6x10(-18) W/Hz(1/2) at 357 mK and 1.4x10(-18) W/Hz(1/2) at 100 mK respectively, agree with thermal and electrical data. The optical coupling efficiency provided by a planar antenna was greater than 50%. Single 8-mu m photons have been detected for the first time using a nano-HEB operating at 50-200 mK thus demonstrating a potential of these detectors for future photon-counting applications in mid-IR and far-IR. In order to accommodate the relatively high detector speed (similar to mu s at 300 mK, similar to 100 mu s at 100 mK), an MSQUID based FDM multiplexed readout with GHz carrier frequencies has been built. Both the readout noise similar to 2 pA/Hz(1/2) and the bandwidth > 150 kHz are suitable for nano-HEB detectors. C1 [Karasik, Boris S.; Pereverzev, Sergey V.; Kawamura, Jonathan H.; Day, Peter K.; Bumble, Bruce; LeDuc, Henry G.; Monacos, Steve P.; Harding, Dennis G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Karasik, BS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM boris.s.karasik@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-231-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7741 AR 774119 DI 10.1117/12.856682 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU83 UT WOS:000285838800034 ER PT S AU Kinzer, RE Rinehart, S Benford, D Dwek, E Henry, R Nuth, J Silverberg, R Wheeler, C Wollack, E AF Kinzer, R. E., Jr. Rinehart, S. Benford, D. Dwek, E. Henry, R. Nuth, J. Silverberg, R. Wheeler, C. Wollack, E. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Optical properties of astronomical silicates with infrared techniques SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Laboratory Astrophysics; Dust; Silicates ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; DUST; CONDENSATION; TRANSMISSION; CONSTRAINTS; IRRADIATION; EXTINCTION; ABSORPTION; OLIVINE; ANALOGS AB Astronomical dust is observed in a variety of astrophysical environments and plays an important role in radiative processes and chemical evolution in the galaxy. Depending upon the environment, dust can be either carbon-rich or oxygen-rich (silicate grains). Both astronomical observations and ground-based data show that the optical properties of silicates can change dramatically with the crystallinity of the material, and recent laboratory research provides evidence that the optical properties of silicate dust vary as a function of temperature as well. Therefore, correct interpretation of a vast array of astronomical data relies on the understanding of the properties of silicate dust as functions of wavelength, temperature, and crystallinity. The OPASI-T (Optical Properties of Astronomical Silicates with Infrared Techniques) project addresses the need for high quality optical characterization of metal-enriched silicate condensates using a variety of techniques. A combination of both new and established experiments are used to measure the extinction, reflection, and emission properties of amorphous silicates across the infrared (near infrared to millimeter wavelengths), providing a comprehensive data set characterizing the optical parameters of dust samples. We present room temperature measurements and the experimental apparatus to be used to investigate and characterize additional metal-silicate materials. C1 [Kinzer, R. E., Jr.; Rinehart, S.; Benford, D.; Dwek, E.; Henry, R.; Nuth, J.; Silverberg, R.; Wollack, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rinehart, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Stephen.A.Rinehart@nasa.gov RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012; Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Nuth, Joseph/E-7085-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-231-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7741 AR 774128 DI 10.1117/12.857569 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU83 UT WOS:000285838800062 ER PT S AU Mehdi, I Thomas, B Lin, R Maestrini, A Ward, J Schlecht, E Gill, J Lee, C Chattopadhyay, G Maiwald, F AF Mehdi, Imran Thomas, Bertrand Lin, Robert Maestrini, Alain Ward, John Schlecht, Erich Gill, John Lee, Choonsup Chattopadhyay, Goutam Maiwald, Frank BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI High Power Local Oscillator Sources for 1-2 THz SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Schottky diodes; frequency multipliers; local oscillators; heterodyne receivers AB Recent results from the Heterodyne Instrument for Far-Infrared (HIFI) on the Herschel Space Telescope have confirmed the usefulness of high resolution spectroscopic data for a better understanding of our Universe. This paper will explore the current status of tunable local oscillator sources beyond HIFI and provide demonstration of how power combining of GaAs Schottky diodes can be used to increase both power and upper operating frequency for heterodyne receivers. Availability of power levels greater than 1 watt in the W-band now makes it possible to design a 1900 GHz source with more than 100 microwatts of expected output power. C1 [Mehdi, Imran; Thomas, Bertrand; Lin, Robert; Schlecht, Erich; Gill, John; Lee, Choonsup; Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Maiwald, Frank] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mehdi, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM imran.mehdi@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-231-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7741 AR 774112 DI 10.1117/12.857790 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU83 UT WOS:000285838800030 ER PT S AU Sayers, J Czakon, NG Day, PK Downes, TP Duan, RP Gao, JS Glenn, J Golwala, SR Hollister, MI Leduc, HG Mazin, BA Maloney, PR Noroozian, O Nguyen, HT Schlaerth, JA Siegel, S Vaillancourt, JE Vayonakis, A Wilson, PR Zmuidzinas, J AF Sayers, Jack Czakon, Nicole G. Day, Peter K. Downes, Thomas P. Duan, Ran P. Gao, Jiansong Glenn, Jason Golwala, Sunil R. Hollister, Matt I. LeDuc, Henry G. Mazin, Benjamin A. Maloney, Philip R. Noroozian, Omid Nguyen, Hien T. Schlaerth, James A. Siegel, Seth Vaillancourt, John E. Vayonakis, Anastasios Wilson, Philip R. Zmuidzinas, Jonas BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Optics for MUSIC: a New (Sub)millimeter Camera for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MUSIC; MKID; Relay Optics; Caltech Submillimeter Observatory ID INFRARED DETECTORS; BOLOCAM; ARRAYS AB We will present the design and implementation, along with calculations and some measurements of the performance, of the room-temperature and cryogenic optics for MUSIC, a new (sub) millimeter camera we are developing for the Caltech Submm Observatory (CSO). The design consists of two focusing elements in addition to the CSO primary and secondary mirrors: a warm off-axis elliptical mirror and a cryogenic (4K) lens. These optics will provide a 14 arcmin field of view that is diffraction limited in all four of the MUSIC observing bands (2.00, 1.33, 1.02, and 0.86 mm). A cold (4K) Lyot stop will be used to define the primary mirror illumination, which will be maximized while keeping spillover at the sub 1% level. The MUSIC focal plane will be populated with broadband phased antenna arrays that efficiently couple to factor of similar or equal to 3 in bandwidth,(1,) (2) and each pixel on the focal plane will be read out via a set of four lumped element filters that define the MUSIC observing bands (i.e., each pixel on the focal plane simultaneously observes in all four bands). Finally, a series of dielectric and metal-mesh low pass filters have been implemented to reduce the optical power load on the MUSIC cryogenic stages to a quasi-negligible level while maintaining good transmission in-band. C1 [Sayers, Jack; Day, Peter K.; LeDuc, Henry G.; Nguyen, Hien T.; Wilson, Philip R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sayers, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jack@caltech.edu.edu RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011; Noroozian, Omid/G-3519-2011; OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114; Noroozian, Omid/0000-0002-9904-1704; Vaillancourt, John/0000-0001-8916-1828 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-231-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7741 AR 77410W DI 10.1117/12.857324 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU83 UT WOS:000285838800024 ER PT S AU Serabyn, E Wallace, JK AF Serabyn, E. Wallace, J. K. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Submillimeter Pupil-Plane Wavefront Sensing SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE submillimeter; wavefront sensing; holography ID POINT-DIFFRACTION INTERFEROMETER AB The goal of a large (25 m) submillimeter telescope with high aperture efficiencies up to frequencies of similar to 1 THz requires a wavefront sensor able to measure the telescope surface figure to an accuracy of order 1 micron, better than has been achieved to date in the millimeter/submillimeter (MSM) regime. On the other hand, the recent availability of large-format submillimeter detector arrays suggests that new techniques can be applied. In particular, using submillimeter focal plane arrays, variants of interferometric pupil-plane wavefront sensing techniques familiar from the optical/infrared (OIR) regime could perhaps be applied profitably in the MSM. However, while many possibilities can in principle be considered, many of these possibilities would be unwieldy in the MSM, because of the need for large off-axis reflective optical elements, and the consequent sizeable optical layout. However, the overall size of an interferometer can be minimized by making use of a common-path interferometer. Here we thus consider the applicability to MSM wavefront sensing of a rather simple common-path pupil-plane interferometer, specifically a scanning version of the fixed-phase phase-contrast interferometers described in different contexts by Zernicke(1) and Dicke(2). Both transmissive and reflective solutions for the needed phase shifting interferometers are possible, but here we focus on the reflective case as a proof of principle. Such a common-path phase-shifting interferometer has several potential advantages: relative simplicity, compactness, ease of manufacturability, reduced systematic effects, and high accuracy. C1 [Serabyn, E.; Wallace, J. K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Serabyn, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gene.serabyn@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-231-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7741 AR 77410U DI 10.1117/12.857675 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU83 UT WOS:000285838800022 ER PT B AU Chao, DF Mcquillen, JB Sankovic, JM Zhang, NL AF Chao, David F. Mcquillen, J. B. Sankovic, J. M. Zhang, Nengli GP ASME TI Catastrophe Optics Method to Determine the Micro-nano Size Profiles at TPL of Liquid Films on a Solid Surface SO MNHMT2009, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer International Conference CY DEC 18-21, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASME Nanotech Inst DE Crossover region; Inflexion line; liquid edge foot; Catastrophe optics; Caustic and diffraction ID PRECURSOR FILM; DROPS AB As discovered by recent studies, the wetting and spreading is directly affected by the curvature in the micro-region rather than the macroscopic contact angle. Consequently, measuring the liquid profile in the micro-region becomes an important research topic. Recently, catastrophe optics has been applied to these measurements. Optical catastrophe occurring in far field of waves of liquid-refracted laser beam yields a wealth of information about the liquid spreading not only for liquid drops but also for films. When a parallel laser beam passes through a liquid film on a slide glass at the three-phase-line (TPL), very interesting optical image patterns occur on a screen far from the film. An analysis based on catastrophe optics discloses and interprets the formation of these optical image patterns. The analysis reveals that the caustic line manifested as the bright-thick line on the screen implies the lowest hierarchy of optical catastrophes, called fold caustic. This optical catastrophe is produced by the inflexion line on the liquid surface at the liquid foot, which is formed not only in the spreading of drops but also in spreading of films. The generalized catastrophe optics method enables the identification of the edge profiles and determine the edge foot height of liquid films. C1 [Chao, David F.; Mcquillen, J. B.; Sankovic, J. M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Zhang, NL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. EM nenglizhang@grc.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4390-1 PY 2010 BP 443 EP 449 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRH70 UT WOS:000282724400063 ER PT S AU Bryson, ST Jenkins, JM Peters, DJ Tenenbaum, PP Klaus, TC Gunter, JP Cote, MT Caldwell, DA AF Bryson, Stephen T. Jenkins, Jon M. Peters, Dan J. Tenenbaum, Peter P. Klaus, Todd C. Gunter, Jay P. Cote, Miles T. Caldwell, Douglas A. BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI The Kepler end-to-end model: creating high-fidelity simulations to test Kepler ground processing SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler; pixel simulation ID STARS; PERFORMANCE; SCIENCE AB The Kepler mission is designed to detect the transit of Earth-like planets around Sun-like stars by observing 100,000 stellar targets. Developing and testing the Kepler ground-segment processing system, in particular the data analysis pipeline, requires high-fidelity simulated data. This simulated data is provided by the Kepler End-to-End Model (ETEM). ETEM simulates the astrophysics of planetary transits and other phenomena, properties of the Kepler spacecraft and the format of the downlinked data. Major challenges addressed by ETEM include the rapid production of large amounts of simulated data, extensibility and maintainability. C1 [Bryson, Stephen T.; Cote, Miles T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. RP Bryson, ST (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. EM Steve.Bryson@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-228-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7738 AR 773808 DI 10.1117/12.857560 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU55 UT WOS:000285829100007 ER PT S AU Fanson, J Livesay, L Frerking, M Cooke, B AF Fanson, James Livesay, Leslie Frerking, Margaret Cooke, Brian BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI Management and systems engineering of the Kepler mission SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler; spacecraft; exoplanet; transit; telescope; management; systems engineering AB Kepler is the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) first mission capable of detecting Earth-size planets orbiting in the habitable zones around stars other than the sun. Selected for implementation in 2001 and launched in 2009, Kepler seeks to determine whether Earth-like planets are common or rare in the galaxy. The investigation requires a large, space-based photometer capable of simultaneously measuring the brightnesses of 100,000 stars at part-per-million level of precision. This paper traces the development of the mission from the perspective of project management and systems engineering and describes various methodologies and tools that were found to be effective. The experience of the Kepler development is used to illuminate lessons that can be applied to future missions. C1 [Fanson, James; Livesay, Leslie; Frerking, Margaret; Cooke, Brian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fanson, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM James.L.Fanson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-228-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7738 AR 77380N DI 10.1117/12.859727 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU55 UT WOS:000285829100019 ER PT S AU Harp, DI Liebe, CC Craig, W Harrison, F Kruse-Madsen, K Zoglauer, A AF Harp, D. Isaiah Liebe, Carl Christian Craig, William Harrison, Fiona Kruse-Madsen, Kristin Zoglauer, Andreas BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI NuSTAR: System engineering and modeling challenges in pointing reconstruction for a deployable X-ray telescope SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) is a NASA Small Explorer mission that will make the first sensitive images of the sky in the high energy X-ray band (6 - 80 keV). The NuSTAR observatory consists of two co-aligned grazing incidence hard X-ray telescopes with a similar to 10 meter focal length, achieved by the on-orbit extension of a deployable mast. A principal science objective of the mission is to locate previously unknown high-energy X-ray sources to an accuracy of 10 arcseconds (3-sigma), sufficient to uniquely identify counterparts at other wavelengths. In order to achieve this, a star tracker and laser metrology system are an integral part of the instrument; in conjunction, they will determine the orientation of the optics bench in celestial coordinates and also measure the flexures in the deployable mast as it responds to the varying on-orbit thermal environment, as well as aerodynamic and control torques. The architecture of the NuSTAR system for solving the attitude and aspect problems differs from that of previous X-ray telescopes, which did not require ex post facto reconstruction of the instantaneous observatory alignment on-orbit. In this paper we describe the NuSTAR instrument metrology system architecture and implementation, focusing on the systems engineering challenges associated with validating the instantaneous transformations between focal plane and celestial coordinates to within the required accuracy. We present a mathematical solution to photon source reconstruction, along with a detailed error budget that relates component errors to science performance. We also describe the architecture of the instrument simulation software being used to validate the end-to-end performance model. C1 [Harp, D. Isaiah; Liebe, Carl Christian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Harp, DI (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM daniel.i.harp@jpl.nasa.gov OI Madsen, Kristin/0000-0003-1252-4891 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-228-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7738 AR 77380Z DI 10.1117/12.856626 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU55 UT WOS:000285829100030 ER PT S AU Irace, W Cutri, R Duval, V Eisenhardt, P Elwell, J Greanias, G Heinrichsen, I Howard, J Liu, FC Royer, D Wright, EL AF Irace, William Cutri, Roc Duval, Valerie Eisenhardt, Peter Elwell, John Greanias, George Heinrichsen, Ingolf Howard, Joan Liu, Feng-Chuan Royer, Donald Wright, Edward L. BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI Managing the development of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer mission SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE management; satellite; infrared; cryogenic; telescope; survey AB The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), a NASA Medium-Class Explorer (MIDEX) mission, is surveying the entire sky in four bands from 3.4 to 22 microns with a sensitivity hundreds to hundreds of thousands times better than previous all-sky surveys at these wavelengths. The single WISE instrument consists of a 40 cm three-mirror anastigmatic telescope, a two-stage solid hydrogen cryostat, a scan mirror mechanism, and reimaging optics giving 6 '' resolution (full-width-half-maximum). WISE was placed into a Sun-synchronous polar orbit on a Delta II 7320 launch vehicle on December 14, 2009. NASA selected WISE as a MIDEX in 2002 following a rigorous competitive selection process. To gain further confidence in WISE, NASA extended the development period one year with an option to cancel the mission if certain criteria were not met. MIDEX missions are led by the principal investigator who in this case delegated day-today management to the project manager. With a cost cap and relatively short development schedule, it was essential for all WISE partners to work seamlessly together. This was accomplished with an integrated management team representing all key partners and disciplines. The project was developed on budget and on schedule in spite of the need to surmount significant technical challenges. This paper describes our management approach, key challenges and critical decisions made. Results are described from a programmatic, technical and scientific point of view. Lessons learned are offered for projects of this type. C1 [Irace, William; Duval, Valerie; Eisenhardt, Peter; Greanias, George; Heinrichsen, Ingolf; Liu, Feng-Chuan; Royer, Donald] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Irace, W (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-228-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7738 AR 77380O DI 10.1117/12.859774 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU55 UT WOS:000285829100020 ER PT S AU Menzel, MT Bussman, M Davis, M Golnik, G Irish, S Lawrence, J Lynch, R Maghami, P Markley, L Mehalick, K Mosier, G Muheim, D Parrish, K Thomson, S Geithner, P Pitman, J Wehner, J Arenberg, J Costanza, B Anandakrishnan, S Burt, B Hejal, R AF Menzel, Michael T. Bussman, Marie Davis, Michael Golnik, Gary Irish, Sandra Lawrence, Jon Lynch, Richard Maghami, Peiman Markley, Landis Mehalick, Kimberly Mosier, Gary Muheim, Danniella Parrish, Keith Thomson, Shuan Geithner, Paul Pitman, Joe Wehner, James Arenberg, Jon Costanza, Brian Anandakrishnan, Satya Burt, Bill Hejal, Reem BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI Systems Engineering on the James Webb Space Telescope SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Systems Engineering; Space Telescope; JWST; James Webb Space Telescope AB The James Web Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared-optimized space telescope scheduled for launch in 2014. System-level verification of critical performance requirements will rely on integrated observatory models that predict the wavefront error accurately enough to verify that allocated top-level wavefront error of 150 nm root-mean-squared (rms) through to the wave-front sensor focal plane is met. This paper describes the systems engineering approach used on the JWST through the detailed design phase. C1 [Menzel, Michael T.; Bussman, Marie; Davis, Michael; Golnik, Gary; Irish, Sandra; Lawrence, Jon; Lynch, Richard; Maghami, Peiman; Markley, Landis; Mehalick, Kimberly; Mosier, Gary; Muheim, Danniella; Parrish, Keith; Thomson, Shuan; Geithner, Paul] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Menzel, MT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-228-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7738 AR 77380X DI 10.1117/12.856914 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU55 UT WOS:000285829100028 ER PT S AU Muheim, DM Menzel, MT Mosier, G Howard, JM Irish, S Maghami, P Mehalick, KI Parrish, KA Pitman, JT Thomson, SR Asuquo, C Blaurock, CA Congedo, C Ha, KQ Holmes, NC Liu, FX McGinnis, MA Mariconti, S May, CP Russell, B Sanders, JA Shiri, S Smith, JS Skelton, DL AF Muheim, Danniella M. Menzel, Michael T. Mosier, Gary Howard, Joseph M. Irish, Sandra Maghami, Peiman Mehalick, Kimberly I. Parrish, Keith A. Pitman, Joseph T. Thomson, Shaun R. Asuquo, Charity Blaurock, Carl A. Congedo, Cherie Ha, Kong Q. Holmes, Norman C. Liu, Frank X. McGinnis, Mark A. Mariconti, Stephen May, Christopher P. Russell, Blair Sanders, James A. Shiri, Shahram Smith, Jeffrey S. Skelton, Dennis L. BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI An Update on the Role of Systems Modeling in the Design and Verification of the James Webb Space Telescope SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE infrared; mid-infrared; image quality; analysis; integrated modeling AB The James Web Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared-optimized space telescope scheduled for launch in 2014. The imaging performance of the telescope will be diffraction limited at 2 mu m, defined as having a Strehl ratio >0.8. System-level verification of critical performance requirements will rely on integrated observatory models that predict the wavefront error accurately enough to verify that allocated top-level wavefront error of 150 nm root-mean-squared (rms) through to the wave-front sensor focal plane is met. Furthermore, responses in several key disciplines are strongly cross-coupled. The size of the lightweight observatory structure, coupled with the need to test at cryogenic temperatures, effectively precludes validation of the models and verification of optical performance with a single test in 1-g. Rather, a complex series of incremental tests and measurements are used to anchor components of the end-to-end models at various levels of subassembly, with the ultimate verification of optical performance is by analysis using the assembled models. The assembled models themselves are complex and require the insight of technical experts to assess their ability to meet their objectives. This paper describes the modeling approach used on the JWST through the detailed design phase. C1 [Muheim, Danniella M.; Menzel, Michael T.; Mosier, Gary; Howard, Joseph M.; Irish, Sandra; Maghami, Peiman; Mehalick, Kimberly I.; Parrish, Keith A.; Thomson, Shaun R.; Shiri, Shahram; Smith, Jeffrey S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Muheim, DM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM daninella.muheim@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-228-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7738 AR 773814 DI 10.1117/12.856897 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU55 UT WOS:000285829100035 ER PT S AU Nissly, C Seo, BJ Troy, M Angeli, G Cho, M Shelton, C Sigrist, N Sirota, M AF Nissly, Carl Seo, Byoung-Joon Troy, Mitchell Angeli, George Cho, Myung Shelton, Chris Sigrist, Norbert Sirota, Mark BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI Investigation of Thirty Meter Telescope Wavefront Maintenance Using Low Order Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensors to Correct for Thermally Induced Misalignments SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Wavefront Sensing and Control; Active Optics; On-Instrument Wavefront Sensor; Shack-Hartmann; Segmented Mirrors; Optical Modeling; MACOS; Point Source Sensitivity; Thirty Meter Telescope AB We evaluate how well the performance of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) can be maintained against thermally induced errors during a night of observation. We first demonstrate that using look-up-table style correction for TMT thermal errors is unlikely to meet the required optical performance specifications. Therefore, we primarily investigate the use of a Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor (SH WFS) to sense and correct the low spatial frequency errors induced by the dynamic thermal environment. Given a basic SH WFS design, we position single or multiple sensors within the telescope field of view and assess telescope performance using the JPL optical ray tracing tool MACOS for wavefront simulation. Performance for each error source, wavefront sensing configuration, and control scheme is evaluated using wavefront error, plate scale, pupil motion, pointing error, and the Point Source Sensitivity (PSSN) as metrics. This study provides insight into optimizing the active optics control methodology for TMT in conjunction with the Alignment and Phasing System (APS) and primary mirror control system (M1CS). C1 [Nissly, Carl; Seo, Byoung-Joon; Troy, Mitchell; Shelton, Chris; Sigrist, Norbert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nissly, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Carl.R.Nissly@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-228-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7738 AR 77380H DI 10.1117/12.857849 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU55 UT WOS:000285829100015 ER PT S AU Seo, BJ Nissly, C Troy, M Angeli, G AF Seo, Byoung-Joon Nissly, Carl Troy, Mitchell Angeli, George BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI Normalized Point Source Sensitivity for Off-Axis Optical Performance Evaluation of the Thirty Meter Telescope SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering and Project Management for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Point Source Sensitivity; Optical Performance Metric; Optical Modeling; MACOS; Thirty Meter Telescope AB The Normalized Point Source Sensitivity (PSSN) has previously been defined and analyzed as an On-Axis seeing-limited telescope performance metric. In this paper, we expand the scope of the PSSN definition to include Off-Axis field of view (FoV) points and apply this generalized metric for performance evaluation of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). We first propose various possible choices for the PSSN definition and select one as our baseline. We show that our baseline metric has useful properties including the multiplicative feature even when considering Off-Axis FoV points, which has proven to be useful for optimizing the telescope error budget. Various TMT optical errors are considered for the performance evaluation including segment alignment and phasing, segment surface figures, temperature, and gravity, whose On-Axis PSSN values have previously been published by our group. C1 [Seo, Byoung-Joon; Nissly, Carl; Troy, Mitchell] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Seo, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Byoung-Joon.Seo@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-228-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7738 AR 77380G DI 10.1117/12.857722 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU55 UT WOS:000285829100014 ER PT S AU Shao, X Fung, SF Tan, LC Sharma, AS AF Shao, X. Fung, S. F. Tan, L. C. Sharma, A. S. BE Vassiliadis, D Fung, SF Shao, X Daglis, IA Huba, JD TI Acceleration of Magnetospheric Relativistic Electrons by Ultra-Low Frequency Waves: A Comparison between Two Cases Observed by Cluster and LANL Satellites SO MODERN CHALLENGES IN NONLINEAR PLASMA PHYSICS: A FESTSCHRIFT HONORING THE CAREER OF DENNIS PAPADOPOULOS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Challenges in Nonlinear Plasma Physics CY JUN 15-19, 2009 CL Chalkidiki, GREECE SP BAE Syst, European Space Agcy Directorate Sci & Robot Explorat, US Naval Res Lab, European Atom Energy Commun, European Phys Soc, ICCS, Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Latsis Fdn DE ULF Waves; Radiation Belt Electrons; Relativistic Electron Acceleration ID SOLAR-WIND VELOCITY; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETIC STORMS; POWER; FIELD; OSCILLATIONS; DEPENDENCE; GEOTAIL; MODES AB Understanding the origin and acceleration of magnetospheric relativistic electrons (MREs) in the Earth's radiation belt during geomagnetic storms is an important subject and yet one of outstanding questions in space physics. It has been statistically suggested that during geomagnetic storms, ultra-low-frequency (ULF) Pc-5 wave activities in the magnetosphere are correlated with order of magnitude increase of MRE fluxes in the outer radiation belt. Yet, physical and observational understandings of resonant interactions between ULF waves and MREs remain minimum. In this paper, we show two events during storms on September 25, 2001 and November 25, 2001, the solar wind speeds in both cases were > 500 km s(-1) while Cluster observations indicate presence of strong ULF waves in the magnetosphere at noon and dusk, respectively, during a similar to 3-hour period. MRE observations by the Los Alamos (LANL) spacecraft show a quadrupling of 1.1-1.5 MeV electron fluxes in the September 25, 2001 event, but only a negligible increase in the November 25, 2001 event. We present a detailed comparison between these two events. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of MRE acceleration during the September 25, 2001 event can be attributed to the compressional wave mode with strong ULF wave activities and the physical origin of MRE acceleration depends more on the distribution of toroidal and poloidal ULF waves in the outer radiation belt. C1 [Shao, X.; Tan, L. C.; Sharma, A. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fung, S. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Shao, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM xshaoup@yahoo.com; shing.f.fung@nasa.gov; ssh@astro.umd.edu RI Fung, Shing/F-5647-2012 FU NASA [NNX06AE88G]; NSF; University of Maryland from Sarris Tech; ONR MURI [N000140710789] FX This work is dedicated to celebrate the career of Prof. Dennis Papadopoulos. This work is supported partially by NASA grant NNX06AE88G and NSF grant through a sub-award to University of Maryland from Sarris Tech. X. Shao and A. S. Sharmas work are also supported by ONR MURI grant N000140710789. We thank useful discussions of D. Vassiliadis. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0875-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1320 BP 35 EP + PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics GA BUJ89 UT WOS:000289535000004 ER PT S AU Tsurutani, BT Guarnieri, FL Echer, EE Lakhina, GS Verkhoglyadova, OP AF Tsurutani, B. T. Guarnieri, F. L. Echer, E. E. Lakhina, G. S. Verkhoglyadova, O. P. BE Vassiliadis, D Fung, SF Shao, X Daglis, IA Huba, JD TI Mirror Modes in the Heliosheath SO MODERN CHALLENGES IN NONLINEAR PLASMA PHYSICS: A FESTSCHRIFT HONORING THE CAREER OF DENNIS PAPADOPOULOS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Challenges in Nonlinear Plasma Physics CY JUN 15-19, 2009 CL Chalkidiki, GREECE SP BAE Syst, European Space Agcy Directorate Sci & Robot Explorat, US Naval Res Lab, European Atom Energy Commun, European Phys Soc, ICCS, Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Latsis Fdn DE Nonlinear waves; pickup ions; heliosheath; Voyager spacecraft; collisionless shocks ID WAVES; MAGNETOSHEATH; PLASMA; MAGNETOPAUSE AB Mirror mode (MM) structures are identified in the Voyager 1 heliosheath magnetic field data. Their characteristics are: 1) quasiperiodic structures with a typical scale size of similar to 57 rho(p) (proton gyroradii), 2) little or no angular changes across the structures (similar to 3 degrees longitude and similar to 3 degrees latitude), and 3) a lack of sharp boundaries at the magnetic dip edges. It is proposed that the pickup of interstellar neutrals in the upstream region of the termination shock (TS) is the likely cause of MM instability during intervals when the IMF is nearly orthogonal to the solar wind flow direction. Concomitant (quasiperpendicular) shock compression of the MM structures at the TS and additional injection of pickup ions (PUIs) throughout the heliosheath will enhance MM growth. C1 [Tsurutani, B. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Guarnieri, F. L.] UNIVAP, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Echer, E. E.] INPE, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Lakhina, G. S.] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, India. [Verkhoglyadova, O. P.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35487 USA. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lakhina, Gurbax /C-9295-2012; Fung, Shing/F-5647-2012 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0875-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1320 BP 111 EP + PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics GA BUJ89 UT WOS:000289535000015 ER PT S AU Karimabadi, H Dorelli, J Vu, HX Loring, B Omelchenko, Y AF Karimabadi, H. Dorelli, J. Vu, H. X. Loring, B. Omelchenko, Y. BE Vassiliadis, D Fung, SF Shao, X Daglis, IA Huba, JD TI Is Quadrupole Structure of Out-of-Plane Magnetic Field Evidence for Hall Reconnection? SO MODERN CHALLENGES IN NONLINEAR PLASMA PHYSICS: A FESTSCHRIFT HONORING THE CAREER OF DENNIS PAPADOPOULOS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Challenges in Nonlinear Plasma Physics CY JUN 15-19, 2009 CL Chalkidiki, GREECE SP BAE Syst, European Space Agcy Directorate Sci & Robot Explorat, US Naval Res Lab, European Atom Energy Commun, European Phys Soc, ICCS, Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Latsis Fdn DE Magnetic reconnection; Hall effect ID MAGNETOTAIL AB The experimental observation of a quadrupole pattern in the "out-of-plane" field B-y is usually interpreted as a tell-tale sign of Hall MHD mediated magnetic reconnection in the vicinity of a reconnecting X-point. In contrast to these conventional expectations, it is shown by means of analytical equations describing the generation of B-y that quadrupole structure can be formed even in the absence of Hall effects. In general, B-y can be generated due to inhomogeneous ion flow, inhomogeneous current (Hall effect), or terms proportional to a pre-existing B-y. This prediction is validated in a 3D global MHD simulation where it is shown that vortex flows at the dayside magnetopause lead to formation of a finite B-y even in the absence of a pre-existing IMF B-y. The generated field is shown to have a quadrupolar pattern in B-y with peak amplitude similar to 0.5 of the total field. Similar vortex flows are also observed in 3D global hybrid simulations but the resulting B-y structure in this case is a combination of the Hall effects and the inhomogeneous ion flows. Thus special care must be taken in using observations of quadrupole B-y in satellite and experiments to infer information about its particular generation mechanism or attributing it to the Hall MHD reconnection regime. C1 [Karimabadi, H.; Vu, H. X.; Loring, B.; Omelchenko, Y.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Karimabadi, H.; Vu, H. X.; Loring, B.; Omelchenko, Y.] SciberQuest Inc, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. [Dorelli, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Karimabadi, H (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM homakar@gmail.com RI Dorelli, John/C-9488-2012; Fung, Shing/F-5647-2012 FU NASA [NNX07AF64G, NNX07AF54G]; NSF [OCI 0904734]; NSF; Ranger and Kraken; NASA High-End Computing (HEC); NASA Advanced Supercomputing; (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center FX We gratefully acknowledge NASA grant NNX07AF64G, NASA Heliophysics Theory Program, NASA grant NNX07AF54G, and NSF OCI 0904734. Simulations were performed on NSF supported Ranger and Kraken and NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. Useful discussion with T. Phan, V. Roytershteyn, W. Daughton and J. Scudder are gratefully acknowledged. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0875-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1320 BP 137 EP + PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics GA BUJ89 UT WOS:000289535000018 ER PT S AU Sahraoui, F Goldstein, ML AF Sahraoui, F. Goldstein, M. L. BE Vassiliadis, D Fung, SF Shao, X Daglis, IA Huba, JD TI Electron Scale Solar Wind Turbulence: Cluster Observations and Theoretical Modeling SO MODERN CHALLENGES IN NONLINEAR PLASMA PHYSICS: A FESTSCHRIFT HONORING THE CAREER OF DENNIS PAPADOPOULOS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Challenges in Nonlinear Plasma Physics CY JUN 15-19, 2009 CL Chalkidiki, GREECE SP BAE Syst, European Space Agcy Directorate Sci & Robot Explorat, US Naval Res Lab, European Atom Energy Commun, European Phys Soc, ICCS, Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Latsis Fdn ID DISSIPATION; FIELD; DYNAMICS AB Turbulence at MagnetoHydroDynamics (MHD) scales of the solar wind has been studied for more than three decades, using data analyzes, theoretical and numerical modeling. However smaller scales have not been explored until very recently. Here, we review recent results on the first observation of cascade and dissipation of the solar wind turbulence at the electron scales. Thanks to the high resolution magnetic and electric field data of the Cluster spacecraft, we computed the spectra of turbulence up to similar to 100 Hz (in the spacecraft reference frame) and found two distinct breakpoints in the magnetic spectrum at 0.4 Hz and 35 Hz, which correspond, respectively, to the Doppler-shifted proton and electron gyroscales, f(rho p), and f(rho e). Below f(rho p) the spectrum follows a Kolmogorov scaling f(-1.62), typical of spectra observed at 1 AU. Above f(rho p), a second inertial range is formed with a scaling f(-2.3) down to f(rho c). Above f(rho e) the spectrum has a steeper power law similar to f(-4.1) down to the noise level of the instrument. Solving numerically the linear Maxwell-Vlasov equations combined with recent theoretical predictions of the Gyro-Kinetic theory, we show that the present results are fully consistent with a scenario of a quasi-two-dimensional cascade into Kinetic Alfven modes (KAW). C1 [Sahraoui, F.; Goldstein, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sahraoui, F (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM fouad.sahraoui@nasa.gov RI Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008; Fung, Shing/F-5647-2012 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0875-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1320 BP 160 EP 165 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics GA BUJ89 UT WOS:000289535000020 ER PT S AU Bikkannavar, S Redding, D Green, J Basinger, S Cohen, D Lou, J Ohara, C Shi, F AF Bikkannavar, Siddarayappa Redding, David Green, Joseph Basinger, Scott Cohen, David Lou, John Ohara, Catherine Shi, Fang BE AtadEttedgui, E Lemke, D TI Phase Retrieval Methods for Wavefront Sensing SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE- AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space- and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Wavefront Sensing; Phase Retrieval; MGS; Focus Diversity ID DIVERSITY; IMAGE; ALGORITHMS; OBJECT; OPTICS AB Phase retrieval is an image-based wavefront sensing process, used to recover phase information from defocused stellar images. Phase retrieval has proven to be useful for diagnosis of optical aberrations in space telescopes, calibration of adaptive optics systems, and is intended for use in aligning and phasing the James Webb Space Telescope. This paper describes a robust and accurate phase retrieval algorithm for wavefront sensing, which has been successfully demonstrated on a variety of testbeds and telescopes. Key features, such as image preprocessing, diversity adaptation, and prior phase nulling, are described and compared to other methods. Results demonstrate high accuracy and high dynamic range wavefront sensing. C1 [Bikkannavar, Siddarayappa; Redding, David; Green, Joseph; Basinger, Scott; Cohen, David; Lou, John; Ohara, Catherine; Shi, Fang] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bikkannavar, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM siddarayappa.a.bikkannavar@jpl.nasa.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-229-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7739 AR 77392X DI 10.1117/12.858980 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSU72 UT WOS:000285833700095 ER PT S AU Cahoy, K Fischer, D Spronck, J DeMille, D AF Cahoy, K. Fischer, D. Spronck, J. DeMille, D. BE AtadEttedgui, E Lemke, D TI Combining Laser Frequency Combs and Iodine Cell Calibration Techniques for Doppler Detection of Exoplanets SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE- AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space- and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE exoplanet; astro-comb; laser frequency comb; Fabry-Perot; spectrograph; radial velocity; Doppler ID PLANET-PLANET SCATTERING; GIANT PLANETS; DETERMINISTIC MODEL; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; PERIOD; MASS; EVOLUTION; MIGRATION; JUPITER; RADIUS AB Exoplanets can be detected from a time series of stellar spectra by looking for small, periodic shifts in the absorption features that are consistent with Doppler shifts caused by the presence of an exoplanet, or multiple exoplanets, in the system. While hundreds of large exoplanets have already been discovered with the Doppler technique (also called radial velocity), our goal is to improve the measurement precision so that many Earth-like planets can be detected. The smaller mass and longer period of true Earth analogues require the ability to detect a reflex velocity of similar to 10 cm/s over long time periods. Currently, typical astronomical spectrographs calibrate using either Iodine absorptive cells or Thorium Argon lamps and achieve similar to 10 m/s precision, with the most stable spectrographs pushing down to similar to 2 m/s. High velocity precision is currently achieved at HARPS by controlling the thermal and pressure environment of the spectrograph. These environmental controls increase the cost of the spectrograph, and it is not feasible to simply retrofit existing spectrometers. We propose a fiber-fed high precision spectrograph design that combines the existing similar to 5000-6000 A Iodine calibration system with a high-precision Laser Frequency Comb (LFC) system from similar to 6000-7000 A that just meets the redward side of the Iodine lines. The scientific motivation for such a system includes: a 1000 A span in the red is currently achievable with LFC systems, combining the two calibration methods increases the wavelength range by a factor of two, and moving redward decreases the "noise" from starspots. The proposed LFC system design employs a fiber laser, tunable serial Fabry-Perot cavity filters to match the resolution of the LFC system to that of standard astronomical spectrographs, and terminal ultrasonic vibration of the multimode fiber for a stable point spread function. C1 [Cahoy, K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Cahoy, K (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-229-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7739 AR 77394T DI 10.1117/12.858202 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSU72 UT WOS:000285833700155 ER PT S AU Mawet, D Pueyo, L Moody, D Krist, J Serabyn, E AF Mawet, Dimitri Pueyo, Laurent Moody, Dwight Krist, John Serabyn, Eugene BE AtadEttedgui, E Lemke, D TI The Vector Vortex Coronagraph: sensitivity to central obscuration, low-order aberrations, chromaticism, and polarization SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE- AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space- and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE High contrast imaging; exoplanets; phase-mask coronagraphy; optical vortex; adaptive optics; wavefront control; small and large space-based telescopes; large and extremely large ground-based telescopes ID PHASE-MASK CORONAGRAPH; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; LIGHT; IMAGE; STAR AB The Vector Vortex Coronagraph is a phase-based coronagraph, one of the most efficient in terms of inner working angle, throughput, discovery space, contrast, and simplicity. Using liquid-crystal polymer technology, this new coronagraph has recently been the subject of lab demonstrations in the near-infrared, visible and was also used on sky at the Palomar observatory in the H and K bands (1.65 and 2.2 mu m, respectively) to image the brown dwarf companion to HR 7672, and the three extra-solar planets around HR 8799. However, despite these recent successes, the Vector Vortex Coronagraph is, as are most coronagraphs, sensitive to the central obscuration and secondary support structures, low-order aberrations (tip-tilt, focus, etc), bandwidth (chromaticism), and polarization when image-plane wavefront sensing is performed. Here, we consider in detail these sensitivities as a function of the topological charge of the vortex and design features inherent to the manufacturing technology, and show that in practice all of them can be mitigated to meet specific needs. C1 [Mawet, Dimitri; Pueyo, Laurent; Moody, Dwight; Krist, John; Serabyn, Eugene] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mawet, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Dimitri.Mawet@jpl.nasa.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-229-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7739 AR 773914 DI 10.1117/12.858240 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSU72 UT WOS:000285833700034 ER PT S AU Quijada, MA Henry, RM Madison, T Boucarut, R Hagopian, JG AF Quijada, Manuel A. Henry, Ross M. Madison, Timothy Boucarut, Rene Hagopian, John G. BE AtadEttedgui, E Lemke, D TI Post-Flight Reflectance of COSTAR and WF/PC 2 Pickoff Mirrors Upon Their Return from Space SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE- AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space- and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE HST; COSTAR; WFPC2-POM; Al+MgF2 UV-Reflectance ID ULTRAVIOLET; COATINGS AB This paper summarizes a comparison of pre- and post-flight optical performance on optical components (mostly mirrors) from the Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) instrument and the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WF/PC 2) pickoff mirror. These measurements were carried out after both the COSTAR and WF/PC 2 were retrieved from the Hubble Space Telescope in May of 2009 and returned to GSFC in July of 2009. Both of these instruments had a highly UV-reflecting coating of Al with a MgF2 layer on top for protection on their reflecting optics. We studied these in order to document the aging process on these coatings while in space for more than 15.5 years. When compared to data before flight and witness coupons kept on the ground, we find a severely degraded UV performance for the coatings that flew in space, particularly at the Lyman-alpha wavelength. Based on similar observations seen earlier on the WF/PC1 POM, the current degradation, of the latest optical components removed from HST, are a result of outgassing of substances such as hydrocarbons and silicone from nearby hardware on the spacecraft and UV light that photo-polymerize those materials on the mirror surfaces. C1 [Quijada, Manuel A.; Henry, Ross M.; Madison, Timothy; Boucarut, Rene; Hagopian, John G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Quijada, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Code 551,7800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM manuel.a.quijada@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-229-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7739 AR 77392J DI 10.1117/12.858072 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSU72 UT WOS:000285833700082 ER PT S AU Shi, F Basinger, SA Diaz, RT Gappinger, RO Tang, H Lam, RK Sidick, E Hein, RC Rud, M Troy, M AF Shi, Fang Basinger, Scott A. Diaz, Rosemary T. Gappinger, Robert O. Tang, Hong Lam, Raymond K. Sidick, Erkin Hein, Randall C. Rud, Mayer Troy, Mitchell BE AtadEttedgui, E Lemke, D TI Advanced Wavefront Sensing and Control Testbed (AWCT) SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE- AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space- and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE wavefront sensing and control; active optics; phase retrieval; Shack-Hartmann sensor; dispersed fringe sensor; deformable mirror; segmented mirror; space telescopes; ground telescopes AB The Advanced Wavefront Sensing and Control Testbed (AWCT) is built as a versatile facility for developing and demonstrating, in hardware, the future technologies of wavefront sensing and control algorithms for active optical systems. The testbed includes a source projector for a broadband point-source and a suite of extended scene targets, a dispersed fringe sensor, a Shack-Hartmann camera, and an imaging camera capable of phase retrieval wavefront sensing. The testbed also provides two easily accessible conjugated pupil planes which can accommodate active optical devices such as fast steering mirror, deformable mirror, and segmented mirrors. In this paper, we describe the testbed optical design, testbed configurations and capabilities, as well as the initial results from the testbed hardware integrations and tests. C1 [Shi, Fang; Basinger, Scott A.; Diaz, Rosemary T.; Gappinger, Robert O.; Tang, Hong; Lam, Raymond K.; Sidick, Erkin; Hein, Randall C.; Rud, Mayer; Troy, Mitchell] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shi, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-229-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7739 AR 77392W DI 10.1117/12.858304 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSU72 UT WOS:000285833700094 ER PT S AU Li, MJ Brown, AD Kutyrev, AS Moseley, SH Mikula, V AF Li, M. J. Brown, A. D. Kutyrev, A. S. Moseley, S. H. Mikula, V. BE Schenk, H Piyawattanmetha, W TI JWST Microshutter Array System and Beyond SO MOEMS AND MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems IX CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE micro-optics; near infrared; space telescope; indium bump bonding; packaging; microshutter; MEMS; DRIE AB We have developed the Microshutter Array (MSA) system at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) as a multi-object aperture array for the Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The MSA system will enable NIRSpec to simultaneously obtain spectra from more than 100 targets, which, in turn, increases instrument efficiency one-hundred fold. Consequently, this system represents one of the three major innovations on the JWST, which has been selected by the National Research Council's 2001 decadal survey as the top-ranked space-based mission and is scheduled to be the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. Furthermore, the MSA system will be one of the first MEMS devices serving observation missions in space. Microshutters are designed for the selective transmission of light with high efficiency and contrast and feature torsion hinges, light shields, deep-reactive ion-etched silicon windows, magnetic actuation, and electrostatic latching and addressing. Complete MSA quadrant assemblies consisting of 365 x 181 microshutters have been successfully fabricated. The assemblies have passed a series of critical reviews, which include programmable 2-D addressing, life tests, optical contrast tests, and environmental tests, required by the design specifications of JWST. Both the MSA and NIRSpec will be delivered to ESA for final assembly, and JWST is scheduled to launch in 2014. During final assembly and testing of the MSA system, we have begun to develop the Next Generation Microshutter Arrays (NGMSA) for future telescopes. These telescopes will require a much larger field of view than JWST's, and we discuss strategies for fabrication of a proof-of-concept NGMSA which will be modular in design and electrostatically actuated. C1 [Li, M. J.; Moseley, S. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Li, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7990-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7594 AR 75940N DI 10.1117/12.843728 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSN19 UT WOS:000284996800020 ER PT S AU Manohara, H Toda, R Lin, RH Liao, A Mojarradi, M AF Manohara, H. Toda, R. Lin, R. H. Liao, A. Mojarradi, M. BE Schenk, H Piyawattanmetha, W TI Carbon nanotube-based digital vacuum electronics and miniature instrumentation for space exploration SO MOEMS AND MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems IX CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Field Emission; Carbon Nanotube; CNTs; Vacuum Electronics; X-rays AB JPL has developed high performance cold cathodes using arrays of carbon nanotube bundles that produce > 15 A/cm(2) at applied fields of 5 to 8 V/mu m without any beam focusing. They have exhibited robust operation in poor vacuums of 10(-6) to 10(-4) Torr- a typically achievable range inside hermetically sealed microcavities. Using these CNT cathodes JPL has developed miniature X-ray tubes capable of delivering sufficient photon flux at acceleration voltages of <20kV to perform definitive mineralogy on planetary surfaces; mass ionizers that offer two orders of magnitude power savings, and S/N ratio better by a factor of five over conventional ionizers. JPL has also developed a new class of programmable logic gates using CNT vacuum electronics potentially for Venus in situ missions and defense applications. These "digital" vacuum electronic devices are inherently high-temperature tolerant and radiation insensitive. Device design, fabrication and DC switching operation at temperatures up to 700 degrees C are presented in this paper. C1 [Manohara, H.; Toda, R.; Lin, R. H.; Liao, A.; Mojarradi, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Manohara, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7990-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7594 AR 75940Q DI 10.1117/12.844076 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSN19 UT WOS:000284996800023 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Tipping, RH Gamache, RR AF Ma, Q. Tipping, R. H. Gamache, R. R. TI Uncertainties associated with theoretically calculated N-2-broadened half-widths of H2O lines SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE theoretical calculation of half-widths; temperature-dependent exponent in HITRAN; Robert-Bonamy theory; convergence of half-width calculations; interaction potential for H2O-N-2 pairs ID ROBERT-BONAMY FORMALISM; WATER-VAPOR; PARAMETERS; SPECTRA; N-2; TEMPERATURE; SHIFTS AB With different choices of the cut-offs used in theoretical calculations, we have carried out extensive numerical calculations of the N-2-broadend Lorentzian half-widths of the H2O lines using the modified Robert-Bonamy formalism. Based on these results, we are able to thoroughly check for convergence. We find that, with the low-order cut-offs commonly used in the literature, one is able to obtain converged values only for lines with large half-widths. Conversely, for lines with small half-widths, much higher cut-offs are necessary to guarantee convergence. We also analyse the uncertainties associated with calculated half-widths, and these are correlated as above. In general, the smaller the half-widths, the poorer the convergence and the larger the uncertainty associated with them. For convenience, one can divide all H2O lines into three categories, large, intermediate, and small, according to their half-width values. One can use this division to judge whether the calculated half-widths are converged or not, based on the cut-offs used, and also to estimate how large their uncertainties are. We conclude that with the current Robert-Bonamy formalism, for lines in category 1 one can achieve the accuracy requirement set by HITRAN, whereas for lines in category 3, it is impossible to meet this goal. C1 [Ma, Q.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ma, Q.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tipping, R. H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Gamache, R. R.] Univ Mass Lowell, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM qma@giss.nasa.gov FU NASA [NNG06GB23G, NNX09AB62G, FCCS-547, NNH08ZDA001N-ACLAB]; Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-93ER61744]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0803135]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Two of the authors (Q. Ma and R.H. Tipping) acknowledge financial support from NASA under grants NNG06GB23G, NNX09AB62G, and FCCS-547. Q. Ma wishes to acknowledge financial support from the Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER), the U.S. Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-93ER61744 and financial support from NASA under grant NNH08ZDA001N-ACLAB. R.R. Gamache acknowledges support of this research by the National Science Foundation through grant No. ATM-0803135. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 EI 1362-3028 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2010 VL 108 IS 17 SI SI BP 2225 EP 2252 DI 10.1080/00268976.2010.505209 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 647VD UT WOS:000281646900010 ER PT J AU Bauschlicher, CW Ricca, A AF Bauschlicher, Charles W. Ricca, Alessandra TI On the calculation of the vibrational frequencies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Molecular Quantum Mechanics CY MAY 24-29, 2010 CL Univ California, Berkeley, CA SP Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Virginia Tech Coll Sci, Q-Chem Inc, Amer Inst Phys HO Univ California DE DFT; vibrational frequencies; PAHs ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THERMOCHEMISTRY; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; MATRIX-ISOLATED NAPHTHALENE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ADJUSTABLE-PARAMETERS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; EXACT-EXCHANGE; SPECTRA; PAHS AB The basis set dependence of the B3LYP approach for the calculation of the vibrational frequencies of naphthalene is shown. The dependence of the accuracy of the vibrational frequencies on the choice of functional is shown for naphthalene and naphthalene cation. Ten functionals are applied to large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); for the closed-shell neutral molecule, all of the methods perform well, while for two of the open-shell cations, all of the hybrid functionals tested fail, while all of the functionals using the generalized gradient approximation work. The implications on how best to study the vibrational frequencies of PAH molecules are discussed. C1 [Bauschlicher, Charles W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Technol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Ricca, Alessandra] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Bauschlicher, CW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Technol Div, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM charles.w.bauschlicher@nasa.gov; alessandra.ricca-1@nasa.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2010 VL 108 IS 19-20 SI SI BP 2647 EP 2654 AR PII 927471359 DI 10.1080/00268976.2010.518979 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 675YQ UT WOS:000283877300022 ER PT J AU Schwenke, DW AF Schwenke, David W. TI A new paradigm for determining one electron basis sets: core-valence basis sets for C, N and O SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Molecular Quantum Mechanics CY MAY 24-29, 2010 CL Univ California, Berkeley, CA SP Dell Computer, Hewlett-Packard, Virginia Tech Coll Sci, Q-Chem Inc, Amer Inst Phys HO Univ California DE gaussian basis sets; core-valence correlation; electronically excited states ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; CONSISTENT BASIS-SETS; ATOMS; BORON; NEON AB Using a new method, exponential parameters are developed to add to the Dunning type correlation consistent basis sets to describe core-valence correlation. Compared with existing core-valence basis sets, the new basis sets are larger, but have vastly improved convergence characteristics, especially for low-lying electronic states. The new method is very general in that it allows the explicit inclusion of electronic excited states as well as ionic states in the basis set determination. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Schwenke, DW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM david.w.schwenke@nasa.gov RI schwenke, david/I-3564-2013 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2010 VL 108 IS 19-20 SI SI BP 2751 EP 2758 AR PII 929079109 DI 10.1080/00268976.2010.523712 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 675YQ UT WOS:000283877300031 ER PT J AU Altamirano, D Linares, M Patruno, A Degenaar, N Wijnands, R Klein-Wolt, M van der Klis, M Markwardt, C Swank, J AF Altamirano, D. Linares, M. Patruno, A. Degenaar, N. Wijnands, R. Klein-Wolt, M. van der Klis, M. Markwardt, C. Swank, J. TI Type I X-ray bursts, burst oscillations and kHz quasi-periodic oscillations in the neutron star system IGR J17191-2821 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; binaries: close; stars: individual: IGR J17191-2821; stars: individual: XTE J1747-274; stars: neutron; X-rays: stars ID ACCRETING MILLISECOND PULSAR; PHOTOSPHERIC RADIUS EXPANSION; PROPORTIONAL COUNTER ARRAY; ATOLL SOURCE STATES; TIMING-EXPLORER; 4U 1608-52; BRIGHTNESS OSCILLATIONS; HETE J1900.1-2455; PEAK SEPARATION; SPIN FREQUENCY AB We present a detailed study of the X-ray energy and power spectral properties of the neutron star transient IGR J17191-2821. We discovered four instances of pairs of simultaneous kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs). The frequency difference between these kHz QPOs is between 315 and 362 Hz. We also report on the detection of five thermonuclear type I X-ray bursts and the discovery of burst oscillations at similar to 294 Hz during three of them. Finally, we report on a faint and short outburst precursor, which occurred about two months before the main outburst. Our results on the broad-band spectral and variability properties allow us to firmly establish the atoll source nature of IGR J17191-2821. C1 [Altamirano, D.; Linares, M.; Patruno, A.; Degenaar, N.; Wijnands, R.; Klein-Wolt, M.; van der Klis, M.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Markwardt, C.; Swank, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Markwardt, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Altamirano, D (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM d.altamirano@uva.nl RI Swank, Jean/F-2693-2012 NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 1 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15627.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534AE UT WOS:000272867100034 ER PT J AU Coe, MJ McBride, VA Corbet, RHD AF Coe, M. J. McBride, V. A. Corbet, R. H. D. TI Exploring accretion theory with X-ray binaries in the Small Magellanic Cloud SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries ID NEUTRON-STARS; SPACED DATA; PULSARS; LONG; SYSTEMS AB The understanding of the accretion process on to compact objects in binary systems is an important part of modern astrophysics. Theoretical work, primarily that of Ghosh & Lamb, has made clear predictions for the behaviour of such systems which have been generally supported by observational results of considerably varying quality from galactic accreting pulsar systems. In this work, a much larger homogeneous population of such objects in the Small Magellanic Cloud is used to provide more demanding tests of the accretion theory. The results are extremely supportive of the theoretical models and provide useful statistical insights into the manner in which accreting pulsars behave and evolve. C1 [Coe, M. J.; McBride, V. A.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Corbet, R. H. D.] Univ Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Coe, MJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM mjcoe@soton.ac.uk NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 1 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15631.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534AE UT WOS:000272867100038 ER PT J AU Massey, R Stoughton, C Leauthaud, A Rhodes, J Koekemoer, A Ellis, R Shaghoulian, E AF Massey, Richard Stoughton, Chris Leauthaud, Alexie Rhodes, Jason Koekemoer, Anton Ellis, Richard Shaghoulian, Edgar TI Pixel-based correction for Charge Transfer Inefficiency in the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: detectors; methods: data analysis; space vehicles: instruments ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; PROPER MOTIONS; COSMOS; CCDS; IMAGES AB Charge Transfer Inefficiency (CTI) due to radiation damage above the Earth's atmosphere creates spurious trailing in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images. Radiation damage also creates unrelated warm pixels - but these happen to be perfect for measuring CTI. We model CTI in the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS)/Wide Field Channel and construct a physically motivated correction scheme. This operates on raw data, rather than secondary science products, by returning individual electrons to pixels from which they were unintentionally dragged during readout. We apply our correction to images from the HST Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS), successfully reducing the CTI trails by a factor of similar to 30 everywhere in the CCD and at all flux levels. We quantify changes in galaxy photometry, astrometry and shape. The remarkable 97 per cent level of correction is more than sufficient to enable a (forthcoming) reanalysis of downstream science products and the collection of larger surveys. C1 [Massey, Richard] Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Stoughton, Chris] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Leauthaud, Alexie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rhodes, Jason] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rhodes, Jason; Ellis, Richard] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Koekemoer, Anton] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Shaghoulian, Edgar] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Massey, R (reprint author), Royal Observ, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM rm@roe.ac.uk OI Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048 FU NASA [HST-AR-10964, HST-GO-09822, NAS 5-26555]; STFC [PP/E006450/1, MIRG-CT-208994]; Chamberlain Fellowship at LBNL; Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics FX This work was based on the observations with the NASA/ESA HST, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA Inc, under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. NR 43 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 1 BP 371 EP 384 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15638.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534AE UT WOS:000272867100049 ER PT J AU Woudt, PA Warner, B O'Donoghue, D Buckley, DAH Still, M Romero-Colemero, E Vaisanen, P AF Woudt, P. A. Warner, B. O'Donoghue, D. Buckley, D. A. H. Still, M. Romero-Colemero, E. Vaisanen, P. TI Dwarf nova oscillations and quasi-periodic oscillations in cataclysmic variables - VIII. VW Hyi in outburst observed with the Southern African Large Telescope star SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; binaries: close; stars: dwarf novae; stars: individual: VW Hyi; novae; cataclysmic variables; stars: oscillations ID PHOTOMETRY AB We analyse four light curves obtained at high time resolution (similar to 0.1 s) with the 11-m Southern African Large Telescope, at the ends of two normal outbursts and one superoutburst of the dwarf nova VW Hyi. All of these contain at least some Dwarf Nova Oscillations (DNOs), which, when at their highest amplitudes, are seen in unprecedented detail. In addition to the expected DNOs with periods > 20 s, we find a previously unknown modulation at 13.39 s, but none at shorter periods. The various DNOs and their interaction with the longer period quasi-periodic oscillations are interpreted in terms of the model of magnetically controlled flow from an accretion disc proposed earlier in this series of papers. Our observations include rare DNOs very late in outburst; we find that the fundamental period does not increase beyond similar to 90 s, which is the same value that the independent 'longer period DNOs' converge on. C1 [Woudt, P. A.; Warner, B.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Warner, B.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [O'Donoghue, D.; Buckley, D. A. H.; Still, M.; Romero-Colemero, E.; Vaisanen, P.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. [Still, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Woudt, PA (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM Patrick.Woudt@uct.ac.za FU University of Cape Town; National Research Foundation of South Africa FX We thank Albert Jones for providing alerts of outbursts of VW Hyi, and Pauline Loader for supplying a file of the archived observations of VW Hyi collected by the Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand. We kindly acknowledge the use of the AAVSO observational archive of VW Hyi for determining the shape of the 2008 January outburst light curve. PAW's and BW's research is supported by the University of Cape Town and the National Research Foundation of South Africa. All of the observations reported in this paper were obtained with the SALT, a consortium consisting of the National Research Foundation of South Africa, Nicholas Copernicus Astronomical Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Hobby Eberly Telescope Founding Institutions, Rutgers University, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Canterbury, United Kingdom SALT Consortium, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Dartmouth College, American Museum of Natural History and the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, India. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 1 BP 500 EP 506 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15666.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534AE UT WOS:000272867100060 ER PT J AU Yang, JC de Groh, KK AF Yang, Judith C. de Groh, Kim K. TI Materials Issues in the Space Environment SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HYPERTHERMAL ATOMIC OXYGEN; TEFLON(R) FEP; TELESCOPE; DEGRADATION; EXPOSURE AB To explore higher, farther, and faster, scientists and engineers have developed advanced materials for manned spacecraft and satellites for a range of sophisticated applications in transportation, global positioning, exploration, and communication. Materials used in space are exposed to vacuum, intense ultraviolet radiation from the sun, and ionizing radiation that results in material damage as well as charging (electrostatic discharge effects), micrometeoroids and debris impacts, and thermal cycling (typically from -175 to 160 degrees C). In terms of materials degradation in space, the low Earth orbit (LEO), where LEO is defined as 200-1000 km above the Earth's surface, is a particularly challenging synergistic environment, since atomic oxygen (AO) is present along with all other environmental elements. Hence, this special issue focuses primarily on the materials issues experienced in LEO by space environmental exposure, such as on the exterior of the International Space Station and the Hubble Space Telescope, and the challenges and opportunities of ground-based laboratory sources to mimic LEO. The combination and comparison of both in-flight and ground-based experiments are needed for the development of predictive understanding of the materials degradation and AO passivation mechanisms in LEO. Such insights are essential for the development of advanced materials and coatings to ensure the long-term durability and performance of vehicles employed in space. C1 [Yang, Judith C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Yang, Judith C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Yang, Judith C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Yang, Judith C.] Max Planck Inst Met Res, Stuttgart, Germany. [Yang, Judith C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yang, Judith C.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [de Groh, Kim K.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Space Environm & Expt Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Yang, JC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM judyyang@pitt.edu; kim.k.degroh@nasa.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 625WH UT WOS:000279927000011 ER PT J AU Miller, SKR Banks, B AF Miller, Sharon K. R. Banks, Bruce TI Degradation of Spacecraft Materials in the Space Environment SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB When we think of space, we typically think of a vacuum containing very little matter that lies between the Earth and other planetary and stellar bodies. However, the space above Earth's breathable atmosphere and beyond contains many things that make designing durable spacecraft a challenge. Depending on where the spacecraft is flying, it may encounter atomic oxygen, ultraviolet and other forms of radiation, charged particles, micrometeoroids and debris, and temperature extremes. These environments on their own and in combination can cause degradation and failure of polymers, composites, paints and other materials used on the exterior of spacecraft for thermal control, structure, and power generation. This article briefly discusses and gives examples of some of the degradation experienced on spacecraft and flight experiments as a result of the space environment and the use of ground and space data to predict durability. C1 [Miller, Sharon K. R.; Banks, Bruce] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Miller, SKR (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 309-2, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM sharon.k.miller@nasa.gov; Bruce.A.Banks@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1557/mrs2010.612 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 625WH UT WOS:000279927000012 ER PT J AU Edwards, DL Tighe, AP Van Eesbeek, M Kimoto, Y de Groh, KK AF Edwards, David L. Tighe, Adrian P. Van Eesbeek, Marc Kimoto, Yugo de Groh, Kim K. TI Overview of the Natural Space Environment and ESA, JAXA, and NASA Materials Flight Experiments SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PEACE POLYMERS; STATION; MISSE-2 AB Space environmental effects on materials are very severe and complex because of the synergistic interaction of orbital environments such as high-energy radiation particles, atomic oxygen, micrometeoroids, orbital debris, and ultraviolet irradiation interacting synergistically, along with thermal exposure. In addition, surface degradation associated with contamination can negatively impact optics performance. Materials flight experiments are critical to understanding the engineering performance of materials exposed to specific space environments. Likewise, the spacecraft designer must have an understanding of the specific environment in which a spacecraft will operate, enabling appropriate selection of materials to maximize engineering performance, increase mission lifetimes, and reduce risk. This article will present a methodology for assessing the engineering performance of materials baselined for a specific spacecraft or mission. In addition, an overview of the space environment, from low Earth orbit to interplanetary space, will be provided along with an overview on the effects of the space environment on materials performance. The majority of this article is devoted to materials flight experiments from the European Space Agency (ESA), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Some of the experiments reviewed include ESA's Materials Exposure and Degradation Experiment on the International Space Station (ISS), JAXA's Micro-Particles Capturer and Space Environment Exposure Device experiments on the ISS Service Module and on the ISS Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility, and NASA's Long Duration Exposure Facility satellite and the Materials International Space Station Experiment series flown on the exterior of ISS. C1 [Edwards, David L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Kimoto, Yugo] JAXA, Elect Devices & Mat Grp, Aerosp Res & Dev Directorate, Tokyo, Japan. [Tighe, Adrian P.] European Space Agcy, Estec, TEC QEM, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Edwards, DL (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, M-S EV44, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM David.L.Edwards@NASA.gov; Adrian.Tighe@esa.int; Marc.van.Eesbeek@esa.int; kimoto.yugo@jaxa.jp NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 20 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1557/mrs2010.613 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 625WH UT WOS:000279927000013 ER PT S AU Huntsberger, T Stoica, A AF Huntsberger, Terry Stoica, Adrian BE Braun, JJ TI Envisioning Cognitive Robots for Future Space Exploration SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms and Applications 2010 CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Cognitive robotics; behavior-based control; space robotics; hybrid architectures ID MULTIROBOT SYSTEMS; ARCHITECTURE; ANTICIPATION; ATTENTION; CALCULUS AB Cognitive robots in the context of space exploration are envisioned with advanced capabilities of model building, continuous planning/re-planning, self-diagnosis, as well as the ability to exhibit a level of 'understanding' of new situations. An overview of some JPL components (e.g. CASPER, CAMPOUT) and a description of the architecture CARACaS (Control Architecture for Robotic Agent Command and Sensing) that combines these in the context of a cognitive robotic system operating in a various scenarios are presented. Finally, two examples of typical scenarios of a multi-robot construction mission and a human-robot mission, involving direct collaboration with humans is given. C1 [Huntsberger, Terry; Stoica, Adrian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Huntsberger, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM terry.huntsberger@jpl.nasa.gov NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8174-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7710 AR 77100D DI 10.1117/12.853284 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSO05 UT WOS:000285049500010 ER PT S AU Larar, AM Liu, X Zhou, DK Smith, WL AF Larar, Allen M. Liu, Xu Zhou, Daniel K. Smith, William L. BE Larar, AM Chung, HS Suzuki, M TI Spectral resolution and coverage impact on advanced sounder information content SO MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY, TECHNIQUES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Remote Sensing Technology, Techniques, and Applications III CY OCT 13-14, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv DE Remote sensing; advanced sounders; information content; AIRS; IASI; CrIS ID DISTRIBUTIONS; MISSION AB Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring capability, and environmental change detection. Achieving such measurement improvements requires instrument system advancements and/or optimization of geophysical information content extraction. This manuscript focuses on the impact of spectral resolution and coverage changes on remote sensing system information content, with a specific emphasis on thermodynamic state and trace species variables obtainable from advanced atmospheric sounders such as the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA EOS Aqua satellite, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on MetOP, and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) system to fly on the NPP and JPSS series of satellites. C1 [Larar, Allen M.; Liu, Xu; Zhou, Daniel K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Larar, AM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM Allen.M.Larar@nasa.gov; Allen.M.Larar@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8387-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7857 AR 785706 DI 10.1117/12.869589 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO84 UT WOS:000287651800005 ER PT S AU Lee, SY Pagano, T Chahine, M Fetzer, E AF Lee, Sung-Yung Pagano, Thomas Chahine, Moustafa Fetzer, Eric BE Larar, AM Chung, HS Suzuki, M TI Eight Years of AIRS SO MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY, TECHNIQUES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Remote Sensing Technology, Techniques, and Applications III CY OCT 13-14, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv DE AIRS; Infrared sounder; grating spectrometer; EOS Aqua; climate research; weather forecasting; atmospheric gases AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS Aqua Spacecraft was launched in May of 2002. The AIRS Sounding Suit, AIRS along with AMSU-A and HSB, were designed to measure the atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles, the surface and the cloud parameters for climate research and for improvement in weather forecast. Over the last 8+ years AIRS has been operating extremely stable, far surpassing original design life of 4 - 5 years. Many exciting research papers on climate have been published with AIRS data. The AIRS data are assimilated by most NWP centers and have shown considerable improvement in forecast skill. We will describe the current status of the instruments as well as the new activity on the data processing software. C1 [Lee, Sung-Yung; Pagano, Thomas; Chahine, Moustafa; Fetzer, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Sung-Yung.Lee@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8387-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7857 AR 785702 DI 10.1117/12.868474 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO84 UT WOS:000287651800001 ER PT S AU Liu, X Kizer, S Larar, A Zhou, D Smith, W Barnet, C Divakarla, M Guo, G Blackwell, B Leslie, V Jairam, L St Jermain, K Lynch, R AF Liu, Xu Kizer, Susan Larar, Allen Zhou, Daniel Smith, William Barnet, Chris Divakarla, Murty Guo, Guang Blackwell, Bill Leslie, Vincent Jairam, Laura St Jermain, Karen Lynch, Richard BE Larar, AM Chung, HS Suzuki, M TI PORTING AND TESTING NPOESS CRIMSS EDR ALGORITHMS SO MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY, TECHNIQUES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Remote Sensing Technology, Techniques, and Applications III CY OCT 13-14, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv DE remote sensing; atmospheric profile retrievals; CrIS algorithm AB As a part of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS, formerly the NPOESS afternoon orbit), the instruments Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) make up the Cross-track Infrared and Microwave Sounder Suite (CrIMSS). CrIMSS will primarily provide global temperature, moisture, and pressure profiles and calibrated radiances [1]. In preparation for the NPP launch in 2011, we have ported and tested the operational CrIMSS Environmental Data Record (EDR) algorithms using both synthetic and proxy data generated from the IASI, AMSU, MHS data from Metop-A satellite. C1 [Liu, Xu; Larar, Allen] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Divakarla, Murty/E-7936-2011; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010 OI Divakarla, Murty/0000-0002-0399-3381; NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8387-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7857 AR 785705 DI 10.1117/12.869428 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO84 UT WOS:000287651800004 ER PT S AU Zhou, DK Larar, AM Liu, X Smith, WL Strow, LL Yang, P AF Zhou, Daniel K. Larar, Allen M. Liu, Xu Smith, William L. Strow, L. Larrabee Yang, Ping BE Larar, AM Chung, HS Suzuki, M TI How well can infrared sounders observe the atmosphere and surface through clouds? SO MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY, TECHNIQUES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Remote Sensing Technology, Techniques, and Applications III CY OCT 13-14, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean Satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv DE Remote sensing; ultraspectral instrument; inversion; clouds; land surface emissivity ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; EMISSIVITY; RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION; PARAMETERS; CIRRUS AB Infrared sounders, such as the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), and the Cross-track Infrared sounder (CrIS), have a cloud-impenetrable disadvantage in observing the atmosphere and surface under opaque cloudy conditions. However, recent studies indicate that hyperspectral, infrared sounders have the ability to detect cloud effective-optical and microphysical properties and to penetrate optically thin clouds in observing the atmosphere and surface to a certain degree. We have developed a retrieval scheme dealing with atmospheric conditions with cloud presence. This scheme can be used to analyze the retrieval accuracy of atmospheric and surface parameters under clear and cloudy conditions. In this paper, we present the surface emissivity results derived from IASI global measurements under both clear and cloudy conditions. The accuracy of surface emissivity derived under cloudy conditions is statistically estimated in comparison with those derived under clear sky conditions. The retrieval error caused by the clouds is shown as a function of cloud optical depth, which helps us to understand how well infrared sounders can observe the atmosphere and surface through clouds. C1 [Zhou, Daniel K.; Larar, Allen M.; Liu, Xu] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Zhou, DK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM daniel.k.zhou@nasa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8387-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7857 AR 785704 DI 10.1117/12.869545 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO84 UT WOS:000287651800003 ER PT B AU Li, Y Hinkley, JA Jacob, KI AF Li, Yao Hinkley, Jeffrey A. Jacob, Karl I. BE Wong, CP Moon, KSJ Li, Y TI Molecular Dynamics Applications in Packaging SO NANO-BIO-ELECTRONIC, PHOTONIC AND MEMS PACKAGING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Molecular dynamics; Molecular simulations; Electronic packaging ID LINKED POLYMER NETWORKS; WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MOISTURE DIFFUSION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; EPOXY-RESINS; FORCE-FIELD; SIMULATION; COMPOSITES; INTERFACE AB Development of integrated circuits (IC) and semiconductor chips has narrowed dimensions of electronic components to length scales of nanometer Size. However design and manufacture of nano-scale electronic components need extensive understanding of material properties at small length scales, preferably at the atomistic level. Behavior of materials at nanometer scale is significantly influenced by size effects; behaviors of materials significantly change. at nanometer level compared in macroscopic world due to size effects. As a result, electronic packaging has to adopt significant design requirements associated with the tremendous reduction in size. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation [1-5] was invented as a tool to account for the interactions between basic particles. generally atoms, in small systems of interest. Many attributes of materials can be obtained From MD simulation, at least on a qualitative level and sometimes in more quantitative manner. MD has been utilized as a powerful tool to narrow the number of possible candidate materials for many components in electronic packaging, based on the critical requirements on the material. such as resistance of materials to moisture, stress and thermal cycling, and strength (if interfaces. This is achieved by understanding the behavior of the materials with hypothetical structure and composition. reducing or eliminating the need for synthesizing these materials at least during the initial material selection process. Thus. in addition to understanding material behavior, MD call be used to address the inverse problem of designing materials with specific properties for a chosen end use. In the past decade, MD procedure has experienced explosive growth in its usage in a variety of areas. Here. we give a brief review of MD simulation procedure with particular emphasis to its applications in electronic packaging. Anion,! all the micro-scale or nano-scale simulation methods (MD. Monte Carlo methods and quantum mechanics). MD serves as a major simulation tool in electronic packaging area. Selection of an appropriate simulation method depends on the length scale of the systems under consideration and the time scale associated with the process of interest that the system is subjected to. Many problems of interest in the packaging area fall within the length scale limits of MD as it is comparable to the relevant size of many electronic packaging devices. Compared to other methods, MD can model most properties and processes at the equilibrium state as well as many nonequilibrium phenomena (such as water diffusion. heat transfer. mechanical deformation) in the packaging area. In addition, MD can be Coupled with (1) Monte Carlo methods to incorporate complementary effects within the MD time/length scale domain, (2) quantum mechanics to capture events even at smaller scale and the effects of changes in electronic structures from the changes in atomic positions or structure, and (3) with finite element methods to embed quantum and molecular effects with continuum structural behavior for a material or a device. Depending on the particular property, in most cases molecular simulations can give excellent qualitative results and in many cases very good quantitative results as well. Since there are limitations on time and domain size in MD simulations, one may find difficulties in accurately simulating sonic of the properties that are realized in a larger domain and longer duration in real materials. C1 [Li, Yao; Jacob, Karl I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hinkley, Jeffrey A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Jacob, KI (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM yli6@gatech.com; jeffrey.a.hinkley@nasa.gov; jacob@gatech.edu; yli6@gatech.com NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0039-5 PY 2010 BP 665 EP 694 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0040-1_18 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0040-1 PG 30 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BMU24 UT WOS:000273572900018 ER PT S AU Prasad, NS Taylor, PJ Trivedi, SB Kutcher, SW AF Prasad, Narasimha S. Taylor, Patrick J. Trivedi, Sudhir B. Kutcher, Susan W. BE Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI New Technology for Microfabrication and Testing of a Thermoelectric Device for Generating Mobile Electrical Power SO NANOENGINEERING: FABRICATION, PROPERTIES, OPTICS, AND DEVICES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering - Fabrication, Properties, Optics, and Devices VII CY AUG 03-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Nanostructured materials; thermoelectric power generators; flip-chip module; PbTe:Bi; PbTe:Tl AB We report the results of fabrication and testing of a thermoelectric power generation module. The module was fabricated using a new "flip-chip" module assembly technique that is scalable and modular. This technique results in a low value of contact resistivity (<= 10(5) Omega-cm(2)). It can be used to leverage new advances in thin-film and nanostructured materials for the fabrication of new miniature thermoelectric devices. It may also enable monolithic integration of large devices or tandem arrays of devices on flexible or curved surfaces. Under mild testing, a power of 22 mW/cm(2) was obtained from small (< 100 K) temperature differences. At higher, more realistic temperature differences, similar to 500 K, where the efficiency of these materials greatly improves, this power density would scale to between 0.5 and 1 Watt/cm(2). These results highlight the excellent potential for the generation and scavenging of electrical power of practical and usable magnitude for remote applications using thermoelectric power generation technologies. C1 [Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Prasad, NS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8260-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7764 AR 776409 DI 10.1117/12.862849 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSU79 UT WOS:000285835800006 ER PT S AU Zheng, Y Su, CM Getty, S AF Zheng, Yun Su, Chanmin Getty, Stephanie BE Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI Non-Contact Stiffness Measurement of a Suspended Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Device SO NANOENGINEERING: FABRICATION, PROPERTIES, OPTICS, AND DEVICES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering - Fabrication, Properties, Optics, and Devices VII CY AUG 03-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Non-contact stiffness measurement; Resonant frequency; Nanotechnology; MEMS; Single-walled carbon nanotubes; Electric field sensor AB A new nanoscale electric field sensor was developed for studying triboelectric charging in terrestrial and Martian dust devils. This sensor is capable to measure the large electric fields for large dust devils without saturation. However, to quantify the electric charges and the field strength it is critical to calibrate the mechanical stiffness of the sensor devices. We performed a technical feasibility study of the Nano E-field Sensor stiffness by a non-contact stiffness measurement method. The measurement is based on laser Doppler vibrometer measurement of the thermal noise due to energy flunctuations in the devices. The experiment method provides a novel approach to acquire data that is essential in analyzing the quantitative performance of the E-field Nano Sensor. To carry out the non-contact stiffness measurement, we fabricated a new Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) E-field sensor with different SWCNTs suspension conditions. The power spectra of the thermal induced displacement in the nano E-field sensor were measured at the accuracy of picometer. The power spectra were then used to derive the mechanical stiffness of the sensors. Effect of suspension conditions on stiffness and sensor sensitivty was discussed. After combined deformation and resistivity measurement, we can compare with our laboratory testing and field testing results. This new non-contact measurement technology can also help to explore to other nano and MEMS devices in the future. C1 [Zheng, Yun] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Detectors Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zheng, Y (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Detectors Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8260-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7764 AR 77640K DI 10.1117/12.861289 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSU79 UT WOS:000285835800014 ER PT S AU Prasad, NS AF Prasad, Narasimha S. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Testing of laser components subjected to exposure in space SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IV CY AUG 03-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MISSE 6; MISSE 7; Space Qualification; Laser components; International Space Station; STS-123; STS 129 AB Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) missions provide an opportunity for developing space qualifiable materials by studying the response of novel materials when subjected to the synergistic effects of the harsh space environment. MISSE 6 was transported to the international Space Station (ISS) via STS 123 on March 11. 2008. The astronauts successfully attached the passive experiment containers (PEC) to external handrails of the international space station (ISS) and opened up for long term exposure. After more than a year of exposure attached to the station's exterior, the PEC with several hundred material samples returned to the earth with the STS-128 space shuttle crew that was launched on shuttle Discovery from the Kennedy Space Center, Fla., on Aug. 28. Meanwhile, MISSE 7 launch is scheduled to be launched on STS 129 mission. MISSE-7 was launched on Space Shuttle mission STS-129 on Atlantis was launched on November 16, 2009. This paper will briefly review recent efforts on MISSE 6 and MISSE 7 missions at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Prasad, NS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM narasimha.s.prasad@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-313-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7817 AR 781705 DI 10.1117/12.862850 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSU67 UT WOS:000285833000004 ER PT J AU Katar, L Labiosa, AB Plaud, AE Mosquera-Vargas, E Fonseca, L Weiner, BR Morell, G AF Katar, Lakshmi Labiosa, Azlin Biaggi Plaud, Amairy E. Mosquera-Vargas, Edgar Fonseca, Luis Weiner, Brad R. Morell, Gerardo TI Silicon Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes SO NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE BCNTs; Silicon coated; Sputtering ID ELECTRON FIELD-EMISSION; MICROSTRUCTURE; FILMS AB A dual stage process of depositing bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) and coating Si using Radio frequency sputtering (RFS) technique. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron field emission studies (EFE). SEM results suggest a dense network of homogeneous silicon-coated BCNTs. From the comprehensive analysis of the results provided by these techniques emerges the picture of Si encapsulated BCNTs. C1 [Katar, Lakshmi; Plaud, Amairy E.; Weiner, Brad R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Katar, Lakshmi; Mosquera-Vargas, Edgar; Fonseca, Luis; Weiner, Brad R.; Morell, Gerardo] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Funct Nanomat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Mosquera-Vargas, Edgar; Fonseca, Luis; Morell, Gerardo] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Labiosa, Azlin Biaggi] NASA, Sensors & Elect Branch, Div Instrumentat & Controls, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Katar, L (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, POB 23323, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM srilakshmikatar@yahoo.com RI Mosquera Vargas, Edgar/A-8205-2013; Morell, Gerardo/H-6300-2011 OI Morell, Gerardo/0000-0003-4787-2239 FU (NSF) [0701525]; NASA [NNX07AO30A, NNX08AB12A, NNX08BA48A] FX This research project is being carried out under the auspices of the Institute for Functional Nanomaterials (NSF Grant No. 0701525). This research was also supported in part NASA Cooperative Agreements NNX07AO30A and NNX08AB12A (PR NASA EPSCoR) and NASA CANM Grant NNX08BA48A. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1931-7573 J9 NANOSCALE RES LETT JI Nanoscale Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s11671-009-9446-z PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 534SA UT WOS:000272916400012 ER PT J AU Hubbard, SM Raffaelle, R Bailey, S AF Hubbard, Seth M. Raffaelle, Ryne Bailey, Sheila BE Tsakalakos, L TI Quantum Dot Solar Cells SO NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TRANSMISSION-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SELF-ORGANIZATION PROCESSES; ENERGY-CONVERSION; STRAIN-COMPENSATION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; GAAS; EFFICIENCY; INGAAS; SUPERLATTICES C1 [Hubbard, Seth M.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Grad Fac Microsyst Engn, Grad Fac Golisano,Inst Sustainabil, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Raffaelle, Ryne] Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Bailey, Sheila] NASA, Photovolta & Space Environm Branch RPV, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Hubbard, SM (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Grad Fac Microsyst Engn, Grad Fac Golisano,Inst Sustainabil, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7675-2 PY 2010 BP 279 EP 322 DI 10.1201/9781420076752-c8 D2 10.1201/9781420076752 PG 44 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BSP54 UT WOS:000285293100009 ER PT J AU Bleier, T Dunson, C Alvarez, C Freund, F Dahlgren, R AF Bleier, T. Dunson, C. Alvarez, C. Freund, F. Dahlgren, R. TI Correlation of pre-earthquake electromagnetic signals with laboratory and field rock experiments SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; EPICENTER AB Analysis of the 2007 M5.4 Alum Rock earthquake near San Jose California showed that magnetic pulsations were present in large numbers and with significant amplitudes during the 2 week period leading up the event. These pulsations were 1-30 s in duration, had unusual polarities (many with only positive or only negative polarities versus both polarities), and were different than other pulsations observed over 2 years of data in that the pulse sequence was sustained over a 2 week period prior to the quake, and then disappeared shortly after the quake. A search for the underlying physics process that might explain these pulses was was undertaken, and one theory (Freund, 2002) demonstrated that charge carriers were released when various types of rocks were stressed in a laboratory environment. It was also significant that the observed charge carrier generation was transient, and resulted in pulsating current patterns. In an attempt to determine if this phenomenon occurred outside of the laboratory environment, the authors scaled up the physics experiment from a relatively small rock sample in a dry laboratory setting, to a large 7 metric tonne boulder comprised of Yosemite granite. This boulder was located in a natural, humid (above ground) setting at Bass Lake, Ca. The boulder was instrumented with two Zonge Engineering, Model ANT4 induction type magnetometers, two Trifield Air Ion Counters, a surface charge detector, a geophone, a Bruker Model EM27 Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometer with Sterling cycle cooler, and various temperature sensors. The boulder was stressed over about 8 h using expanding concrete (Bustar(tm)), until it fractured into three major pieces. The recorded data showed surface charge build up, magnetic pulsations, impulsive air conductivity changes, and acoustical cues starting about 5 h before the boulder actually broke. These magnetic and air conductivity pulse signatures resembled both the laboratory rock stressing results and the 30 October 2007 M5.4 Alum Rock earthquake field data. The second part of this paper examined other California earthquakes, prior to the Alum Rock earthquake, to see if magnetic pulsations were also present prior to those events. A search for field examples of medium earthquakes was performed to identify earthquakes where functioning magnetometers were present within 20 km, the expected detection range of the magnetometers. Two earthquakes identified in the search included the 12 August 1998 M5.1 San Juan Bautista (Hollister Ca.) earthquake and the 28 September 2004 M6.0 Parkfield Ca. earthquake. Both of these data sets were recorded using EMI Corp. Model BF4 induction magnetometers, installed in equipment owned and operated by UC Berkeley. Unfortunately, no air conductivity or IR data were available for these earthquake examples. This new analysis of old data used the raw time series data (40 samples per s), and examined the data for short duration pulsations that exceeded the normal background noise levels at each site, similar to the technique used at Alum Rock. Analysis of Hollister magnetometer, positioned 2 km from the epicenter, showed a significant increase in magnetic pulsations above quiescient threshold levels several weeks prior, and especially 2 days prior to the quake. The pattern of positive and negative pulsations observed at Hollister, were similar, but not identical to Alum Rock in that the pattern of pulsations were interspersed with Pc 1 pulsation trains, and did not start 2 weeks prior to the quake, but rather 2 days prior. The Parkfield data (magntometer positioned 19 km from the epicenter) showed much smaller pre-earthquake pulsations, but the area had significantly higher conductivity (which attenuates the signals). More interesting was the fact that significant pulsations occurred between the aftershock sequences of quakes as the crustal stress patterns were migrating. Comparing laboratory, field experiments with a boulder, and earthquake events, striking similarities were noted in magnetic pulsations and air conductivity changes, as well as IR signals (where instrumented). More earthquake samples, taken with the appropriate detectors and within 10-15 km proximity to large (> M5) earthquakes, are still needed to provide more evidence to understand the variability between earthquakes and various electromagnetic signals detected prior to large earthquakes. C1 [Bleier, T.; Dunson, C.; Alvarez, C.] Quakefinder, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Freund, F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dahlgren, R.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Bleier, T (reprint author), Quakefinder, Palo Alto, CA USA. EM tbleier@quakefinder.com FU Stellar Solutions; NASA Headquarters, Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area FX The authors wish to acknowledge funding for this activity from C. Ford (Stellar Solutions), and J. LaBrecque (NASA Headquarters, Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area). We are also grateful for the supporting ULF data for PKD (Parkfield) and SAO (Hollister) from the UC Berkeley Seismo-Lab, and the solar (Kp) and humidity data from NOAA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1965 EP 1975 DI 10.5194/nhess-10-1965-2010 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 657QL UT WOS:000282427300018 ER PT J AU Lunt, DJ Haywood, AM Schmidt, GA Salzmann, U Valdes, PJ Dowsett, HJ AF Lunt, Daniel J. Haywood, Alan M. Schmidt, Gavin A. Salzmann, Ulrich Valdes, Paul J. Dowsett, Harry J. TI Earth system sensitivity inferred from Pliocene modelling and data SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; COUPLED MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MID-PLIOCENE; SURFACE MELT; CO2; VEGETATION; FUTURE; CRYOSPHERE; WARMTH AB Quantifying the equilibrium response of global temperatures to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is one of the cornerstones of climate research. Components of the Earth's climate system that vary over long timescales, such as ice sheets and vegetation, could have an important effect on this temperature sensitivity, but have often been neglected. Here we use a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model to simulate the climate of the mid-Pliocene warm period (about three million years ago), and analyse the forcings and feedbacks that contributed to the relatively warm temperatures. Furthermore, we compare our simulation with proxy records of mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature. Taking these lines of evidence together, we estimate that the response of the Earth system to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is 30-50% greater than the response based on those fast-adjusting components of the climate system that are used traditionally to estimate climate sensitivity. We conclude that targets for the long-term stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations aimed at preventing a dangerous human interference with the climate system should take into account this higher sensitivity of the Earth system. C1 [Lunt, Daniel J.; Valdes, Paul J.] Univ Bristol, BRIDGE, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Lunt, Daniel J.; Salzmann, Ulrich] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Haywood, Alan M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Schmidt, Gavin A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Salzmann, Ulrich] Northumbria Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lunt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, BRIDGE, Sch Geog Sci, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. EM d.j.lunt@bristol.ac.uk RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; Valdes, Paul/C-4129-2013; OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU BAS; RCUK FX This work was carried out in the framework of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Greenhouse to ice-house: Evolution of the Antarctic Cryosphere And Palaeoenvironment (GEACEP) programme. D.J.L. is financially supported by BAS and RCUK fellowhips. NR 43 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 8 U2 47 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1038/NGEO706 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 535NM UT WOS:000272976200018 ER PT B AU Choi, SH Song, KD Park, Y Lee, U AF Choi, Sang H. Song, Kyo D. Park, Yeonjoon Lee, Uhn GP ASME TI Development of Neural Probe with Wireless Power Feed SO NEMB2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FIRST GLOBAL CONGRESS ON NANOENGINEERING FOR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY - 2010 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 1st Global Congress on Nanoengineering for Medicine and Biology CY FEB 07-10, 2010 CL Houston, TX SP ASME Nanotechnol Inst AB New medical device technology is essential for diagnosing, monitoring, and curing wide spectrum of diseases, anomalies and inflictions. For neural applications, no matter whether non-intrusive or not, currently available devices are generally limited to either a curing or a probing function. In this paper we review the technology requirements for new neural probe and cure device technology. Recent advances in micro and nano-scale devices engineering and wireless power technology offer a great potential to revolutionize many health care systems. The integration of wireless power technology into smart microsensor and probe systems greatly simplifies the healthcare devices and systems and also offers additional device functions for even complex jobs. The wireless power feed technology eliminates the pains and irritations associated with implanted power devices and wires. Neural electronics interfaces (NEI) can be coupled and integrated with the wireless power receiver (WPR). The implantable probe-pin devices (PPD) that include the NEI and WPR allow real-time measurement and control/feedback possible for remedial process of neural anomaly from normal functions. Such a system like a PPD should have an embedded expert system that performs semi-autonomous functions through a routine of sensing, judging, and controlling the neural anomaly. C1 [Choi, Sang H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Choi, SH (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4392-5 PY 2010 BP 7 EP 10 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Mechanics; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Mechanics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BQZ48 UT WOS:000282210100004 ER PT S AU Soebiyanto, RP Kiang, RK AF Soebiyanto, R. P. Kiang, R. K. BE Kajiwara, K Muramatsu, K Soyama, N Endo, T Ono, A Akatsuka, S TI MODELING INFLUENZA TRANSMISSION USING ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS SO NETWORKING THE WORLD WITH REMOTE SENSING SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Networking the World with Remote Sensing of ISPRS-Technical-Commission CY AUG 09-12, 2010 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP ISPRS Tech Commiss DE Influenza; modelling; environment ID SEASONAL INFLUENZA; HONG-KONG; VIRUS; TEMPERATURE; INFECTIONS; PATTERNS; TROPICS AB Influenza is an acute viral respiratory disease that has significant mortality, morbidity and economic burden worldwide. It infects approximately 5-15% of the world population, and causes 250,000 - 500,000 deaths each year. The role of environments on influenza is often drawn upon the latitude variability of influenza seasonality pattern. In regions with temperate climate, influenza epidemics exhibit clear seasonal pattern that peak during winter months, but it is not as evident in the tropics. Toward this end, we developed mathematical model and forecasting capabilities for influenza in regions characterized by warm climate - Hong Kong (China) and Maricopa County (Arizona, USA). The best model for Hong Kong uses Land Surface Temperature (LST), precipitation and relative humidity as its covariates. Whereas for Maricopa County, we found that weekly influenza cases can be best modelled using mean air temperature as its covariates. Our forecasts can further guides public health organizations in targeting influenza prevention and control measures such as vaccination. C1 [Soebiyanto, R. P.; Kiang, R. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Change Data Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kiang, RK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Change Data Ctr, Code 610-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM radina.soebiyanto@nasa.gov; richard.kiang@nasa.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 BP 330 EP 334 PN 8 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB2NN UT WOS:000341930000075 ER PT S AU Safi, N Adimi, F Soebiyanto, RP Kiang, RK AF Safi, N. Adimi, F. Soebiyanto, R. P. Kiang, R. K. BE Kajiwara, K Muramatsu, K Soyama, N Endo, T Ono, A Akatsuka, S TI TOWARD MALARIA RISK PREDICTION IN AFGHANISTAN USING REMOTE SENSING SO NETWORKING THE WORLD WITH REMOTE SENSING SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Networking the World with Remote Sensing of ISPRS-Technical-Commission CY AUG 09-12, 2010 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP ISPRS Tech Commiss DE Malaria; risk prediction; Afghanistan; remote sensing AB Malaria causes more than one million deaths every year worldwide, with most of the mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is also a significant public health concern in Afghanistan, with approximately 60% of the population, or nearly 14 million people, living in a malaria-endemic area. Malaria transmission has been shown to be dependent on a number of environmental and meteorological variables. For countries in the tropics and the subtropics, rainfall is normally the most important variable, except for regions with high altitude where temperature may also be important. Afghanistan's diverse landscape contributes to the heterogeneous malaria distribution. Understanding the environmental effects on malaria transmission is essential to the effective control of malaria in Afghanistan. Provincial malaria data gathered by Health Posts in 23 provinces during 2004-2007 are used in this study. Remotely sensed geophysical parameters, including precipitation from TRMM, and surface temperature and vegetation index from MODIS are used to derive the empirical relationship between malaria cases and these geophysical parameters. Both neural network methods and regression analyses are used to examine the environmental dependency of malaria transmission. And the trained models are used for predicting future transmission. While neural network methods are intrinsically more adaptive for nonlinear relationship, the regression approach lends itself in providing statistical significance measures. Our results indicate that NDVI is the strongest predictor. This reflects the role of irrigation, instead of precipitation, in Afghanistan for agricultural production. The second strongest prediction is surface temperature. Precipitation is not shown as a significant predictor, contrary to other malarious countries in the tropics or subtropics. With the regression approach, the malaria time series are modelled well, with average R-2 of 0.845. For cumulative 6-month prediction of malaria cases, the average provincial accuracy reaches 91%. The developed predictive and early warning capabilities support the Third Strategic Approach of the WHO EMRO Malaria Control and Elimination Plan. C1 [Kiang, R. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Change Data Ctr, Code 610-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Safi, N.] Natl Malaria & Leishmaniasis Control Programme, Afghan Ministry Publ Hlth, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. [Safi, N.] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. [Soebiyanto, R. P.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Martin, TN USA. RP Kiang, RK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Change Data Ctr, Code 610-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM safinajibullah2000@yahoo.com; farida.adimi@nasa.gov; radina.soebiyanto@nasa.gov; richard.kiang@nasa.gov FU NASA Applied Sciences Public Health Program FX This study is supported by NASA Applied Sciences Public Health Program (http://nasascience.nasa.gov/earthscience/ applied-sciences). NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 BP 339 EP 342 PN 8 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB2NN UT WOS:000341930000077 ER PT S AU Foster, J Skofronick-Jackson, G Meng, H Riggs, G Johnson, B Wang, J Hall, D Nghiem, S AF Foster, James Skofronick-Jackson, Gail Meng, Huan Riggs, George Johnson, Ben Wang, Jim Hall, Dorothy Nghiem, Son BE Kajiwara, K Muramatsu, K Soyama, N Endo, T Ono, A Akatsuka, S TI PASSIVE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS OF THE HISTORIC FEBRUARY 2010 SNOW STORMS IN THE BALTIMORE/WASHINGTON DC AREA SO NETWORKING THE WORLD WITH REMOTE SENSING SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Networking the World with Remote Sensing of ISPRS-Technical-Commission CY AUG 09-12, 2010 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP ISPRS Tech Commiss DE snowfall; historical; microwave; AMSR-E; AMSU-B ID ALGORITHM; MODEL AB The unprecedented snowfall during early February 2010 in the Baltimore/Washington area provided a unique opportunity to map, monitor and measure snowfall, snow cover extent, snow water equivalent (SWE), and snow melt using a suite of remote sensing instruments. Because snow cover in the Middle Atlantic area is in most years patchy and a true multi-layered snow pack is rarely established, utilizing a remote sensing approach to observe snow parameters is more challenging than in regions where falling snow and snow packs are more reliable. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) and Scanning Microwave/Instrument (SSM/I) data were used to assess SWE and the onset of melt. For this investigation, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) images were employed to detect falling snow. Snowfall observations and retrievals show that indeed falling snow signatures can be seen in high frequency brightness temperatures. Detection of falling snow is performed operationally, while retrieving falling snow rates is a new area of scientific research and still requires additional investigation. However, it is encouraging that, in general, where falling snow is occurring, on the surface below, snow cover is present. Pixels that are mixed with water seriously compromise the efficacy of snow pack observing sensors operating in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Chesapeake Bay and its wide mouthed, tidewater tributaries thus negatively impacts efforts to derive SWE and snowmelt. Furthermore, the average daytime maximum temperatures in this region are well above freezing, and on occasion even the daily minimum temperatures may remain above 0 degrees C, confounding the passive microwave algorithms used to derive SWE, which assume dry snowpack conditions. Although the passive microwave signatures illustrated in this study are clearly related to snow, it's not straightforward whether or not the signatures are due to variations in SWE or to snowpack metamorphism or to a combination of both. C1 [Foster, James; Skofronick-Jackson, Gail; Riggs, George; Johnson, Ben; Wang, Jim; Hall, Dorothy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Proc Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Meng, Huan] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hall, Dorothy; Nghiem, Son] Jet Prop Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Foster, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Proc Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Johnson, Benjamin/E-8557-2015 OI Johnson, Benjamin/0000-0003-3444-9669 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 BP 361 EP 365 PN 8 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB2NN UT WOS:000341930000082 ER PT S AU Lin, II Pun, IF Liu, WT Wu, CC Ko, DS AF Lin, I-I Pun, Iam-Fei Liu, W. Timothy Wu, Chun-Chieh Ko, Dong-San BE Kajiwara, K Muramatsu, K Soyama, N Endo, T Ono, A Akatsuka, S TI Upper Ocean Thermal Structure, Rapid Intensification, and Supercyclones Satellite Observations and Numerical Simulations SO NETWORKING THE WORLD WITH REMOTE SENSING SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Networking the World with Remote Sensing of ISPRS-Technical-Commission CY AUG 09-12, 2010 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP ISPRS Tech Commiss C1 [Lin, I-I; Pun, Iam-Fei; Wu, Chun-Chieh] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Liu, W. Timothy; Ko, Dong-San] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Lin, II (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. EM iilin@as.ntu.edu.tw NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 BP 985 EP 985 PN 8 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB2NN UT WOS:000341930000209 ER PT J AU Blaksley, C Bonamente, M AF Blaksley, Carl Bonamente, Massimiliano TI Dark matter and modified Newtonian dynamics in a sample of high-redshift galaxy clusters observed with Chandra SO NEW ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Galaxies: clusters: general; Cosmology: dark matter ID X-RAY MEASUREMENTS; CONSTANT; GAS AB We compare the measurement of the gravitational mass of 38 high-redshift galaxy clusters observed by Chandra using Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and standard Newtonian gravity. Our analysis confirms earlier findings that MOND cannot explain the difference between the baryonic mass and the total mass inferred from the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. We also find that the baryon fraction at r(2500) using MOND is consistent with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) value of Omega(B)/Omega(M). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Blaksley, Carl; Bonamente, Massimiliano] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Bonamente, Massimiliano] NASA, Natl Space & Sci Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Blaksley, Carl] Univ Munich, Fac Phys, Arnold Sommerfeld Ctr Theoret Phys, Munich, Germany. RP Bonamente, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM bonamem@uah.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-1076 J9 NEW ASTRON JI New Astron. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.newast.2009.07.004 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504SP UT WOS:000270638000023 ER PT B AU Deen, CP AF Deen, Casey P. BE Stanford, LM Green, JD Hao, L Mao, Y TI Investigating Inner Disk Lifetimes in Ophiuchus SO NEW HORIZONS IN ASTRONOMY: FRANK N BASH SYMPOSIUM 2009 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Frank N Bash Symposium on New Horizons in Astronomy CY OCT 18-20, 2009 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP McDonald Observ HO Univ Texas ID T-TAURI STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; CLOUD; ACCRETION; EVOLUTION; CLUSTER AB The Ophiuchus cloud is an ideal laboratory in which to study the process of star and planet formation, as it is one of the youngest (similar to 0.5 - 3 Myr) and closest (120 pc) regions actively forming stars. We present results of a magnitude limited near IR spectroscopic survey of the L1688 core. Using medium resolution (R similar to 2000) 0.8 - 2.4 mu m spectra, we characterize the photospheres in our sample, in anticipation of studying how the properties of the disks around these objects evolve with age. Our study uses medium resolution near IR, spectra to determine spectral types independent of reddening and veiling in a consistent way for class II and class III objects. By examining K-band spectra, we measure K-band veilings and accretion luminosities. We find a large overlap in the positions of the class II and class III objects in the HR Diagram. We also find that K-band veiling correlates with accretion luminosity, suggesting that UV photons from the accretion luminosity can increase the surface area of hot dust in the disk which emits at near IR wavelengths. C1 [Deen, Casey P.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Deen, CP (reprint author), NASA, Infrared Telescope Facil, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-744-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 432 BP 192 EP 196 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUN19 UT WOS:000289818500014 ER PT S AU Rossow, CC Swanson, RC AF Rossow, C. -C. Swanson, R. C. BE Dillman, A Heller, G Klaas, M Kreplin, HP Nitsche, W Schroder, W TI Efficient Flow Computation Including Turbulent Transport SO NEW RESULTS IN NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS VII SE Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th DGLR/STAB Symposium CY NOV 03-04, 2008 CL Eurogress Aachen, Aachen, GERMANY HO Eurogress Aachen ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; CONVERGENCE ACCELERATION; SCHEMES AB Runge-Kutta/Implicit methods for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations provide superior convergence rates, especially when combined with a multigrid framework. In previous investigations 17,8,101, the algebraic model of Baldwin and Lomax [1] was employed as turbulence model. In the present contribution, this model is replaced by the model of Spalart and Allmaras [9], where an additional partial differential equation has to be solved. The design of an appropriate solution strategy to solve this additional equation and account for the necessary coupling to the system of main flow equations to maintain the favorable convergence rates of the basic scheme are outlined and discussed. Different cases of turbulent subsonic and transonic flow around airfoils are considered to assess the convergence properties of the resulting algorithm. Comparison with results of previous investigations confirms that the high efficiency of the basic Runge-Kutta/Implicit method is not impaired when adding an equation for turbulent transport. C1 [Rossow, C. -C.] DLR, Inst Aerodynam & Stromungstech, Lilienthalpl 7, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany. [Swanson, R. C.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Rossow, CC (reprint author), DLR, Inst Aerodynam & Stromungstech, Lilienthalpl 7, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany. EM cord.rossow@dlr.de; r.c.swanson@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-2909 BN 978-3-642-14242-0 J9 NOTES NUMER FLUID ME PY 2010 VL 112 BP 91 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14243-7_12 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA BUR87 UT WOS:000290183500012 ER PT B AU Wang, Y Hartley, TT Lorenzo, CF Adams, JL Carletta, JE Veillette, RJ AF Wang, Yang Hartley, Tom T. Lorenzo, Carl F. Adams, Jay L. Carletta, Joan E. Veillette, Robert J. BE Baleanu, D Guvenc, ZB Machado, JAT TI Modeling Ultracapacitors as Fractional-Order Systems SO NEW TRENDS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY AND FRACTIONAL CALCULUS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshops on New Trends in Science and Technology (NTST 08)/ Fractional Differentiation and its Applications (FDA08) CY NOV, 2008 CL Cankaya Univ, Ankara, TURKEY SP Cankaya Univ, TUBITAK, IFAC HO Cankaya Univ ID BEHAVIOR AB Ultracapacitors display long-term transients lasting for many months. This paper shows that these long-term transients can be accurately represented using a fractional-order system model for the ultracapacitor impedance. Time-domain data is used to determine the impedance transfer-function coefficients. A circuit realization for the ultracapacitor is given which explicitly shows the fractional-order component. These long-term transient models will allow the development of improved ultracapacitor management systems. C1 [Wang, Yang; Hartley, Tom T.; Adams, Jay L.; Carletta, Joan E.; Veillette, Robert J.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hartley, TT (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM yw24@uakron.edu; thartley@uakron.edu; carl.f.lorenzo@grc.nasa.gov; jla36@uakron.edu; carlett@uakron.edu; veillette@uakron.edu RI Tenreiro Machado, J. A./M-2173-2013 OI Tenreiro Machado, J. A./0000-0003-4274-4879 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-3292-8 PY 2010 BP 257 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3293-5_21 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Mathematics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Mathematics GA BRE20 UT WOS:000282473500021 ER PT S AU Chembo, YK Yu, N AF Chembo, Yanne K. Yu, Nan BE Powers, PE TI Modeling of optical frequency comb generation in whispering gallery mode resonators and limiting effects SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications IX CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Optical frequency combs; Kerr nonlinear media; monolithic resonators; whispering gallery modes ID MICROWAVE-OSCILLATORS; CALCIUM-FLUORIDE; NOBEL LECTURE; MICROSPHERES AB We report a detailed study about the various physical mechanisms that may limit the spectral span of optical frequency combs generated with whispering gallery mode resonators. We developed a modal expansion model able to track the individual dynamics of the various modes, and identify the key parameters determining the comb spectral features. We show that, although the walk-off between the dispersive WGM eigenfrequency distribution and the ideal equidistant comb is the main limiting factor, other phenomena such as modal confinement, material absorption, and modal overlap may also play an important role in extending the comb span. C1 [Chembo, Yanne K.; Yu, Nan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chembo, YK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM yanne.chembo@jpl.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7978-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7582 AR 758209 DI 10.1117/12.842752 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BSM46 UT WOS:000284935000007 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Lakhina, GS Verkhoglyadova, OP Echer, E Guarnieri, FL AF Tsurutani, B. T. Lakhina, G. S. Verkhoglyadova, O. P. Echer, E. Guarnieri, F. L. TI Magnetic Decreases (MDs) and mirror modes: two different plasma beta changing mechanisms SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR ALFVEN WAVES; SOLAR-WIND PLASMA; INTERPLANETARY SPACE; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; HYDROMAGNETIC-WAVES; HOLES; DISCONTINUITIES; INSTABILITIES; FIELD; MAGNETOSPHERE AB We discuss two different physical processes that create localized high beta plasma regions. One is nonlinear wave-steepening, generating magnetic decreases (MDs) by a ponderomotive force. The other is the mirror instability generating alternating high and low beta plasma regions. It is demonstrated that MDs and mirror modes are observationally quite different structures. MDs spatially occur in interplanetary space and mirror modes primarily in planetary magnetosheaths. MDs are characterized by: 1) variable (exponentially decreasing number with increasing) angular changes, 2) variable (exponentially decreasing) thicknesses, and 3) no characteristic inter-event spacings. In sharp contrast, mirror modes are characterized by: 1) little or no angular changes across the structures, 2) a characteristic scale size, and 3) are quasiperiodic in nature. Arguments are presented for the recently observed magnetic dips in the heliosheath being mirror mode structures. The sources of free energy for instability are discussed. Both structures are important for energetic particle transport in astrophysical and heliospheric plasmas. C1 [Tsurutani, B. T.; Verkhoglyadova, O. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Tsurutani, B. T.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterrestr Phys, Braunschweig, Germany. [Lakhina, G. S.] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, India. [Verkhoglyadova, O. P.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Echer, E.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Guarnieri, F. L.] Univ Vale Paraiba, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lakhina, Gurbax /C-9295-2012 FU FAPESP [2007/5233-1]; CNPq [300211/2008-2]; Indian National Science Academy New Delhi FX Portions of this work were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. EE would like to acknowledge support from FAPESP contract 2007/5233-1 and CNPq contract 300211/2008-2. GSL thanks the Indian National Science Academy New Delhi for support under the Senior Science Scheme. BTT would like to thank the Tech. Univ. Braunschweig for their kind support during his sabbatical leave at that institution. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5 BP 467 EP 479 DI 10.5194/npg-17-467-2010 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 673LP UT WOS:000283664500009 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NN Bratton, RL AF Nemeth, Noel N. Bratton, Robert L. TI Overview of statistical models of fracture for nonirradiated nuclear-graphite components SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Review ID SILICON-CARBIDE MICROSPECIMENS; BUNDLES PROBABILITY MODEL; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; FIBROUS COMPOSITES; BRITTLE MATERIALS; POLYGRANULAR GRAPHITES; STRENGTH VARIABILITY; ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN; RELIABILITY-ANALYSIS; PERCOLATION MODELS AB Nuclear-grade (low-impurity) graphite for the fuel element and moderator material for Next Generation (Gen IV) Reactors displays large scatter in strength and a nonlinear stress-strain response from damage accumulation. This response can be characterized as quasi-brittle. In this review, relevant statistical failure models for various brittle and quasi-brittle material systems are discussed with regard to strength distribution, size effect, multiaxial strength, and damage accumulation. This includes descriptions of the Weibull. Batdorf, and Burchell models as well as models that describe the strength response of composite materials, which involves distributed damage. Results from lattice simulations are included for a physics-based description of material breakdown. Consideration is given to the predicted transition between brittle and quasi-brittle damage behavior versus the density of damage (level of disorder) within the material system. The literature indicates that weakest-link-based failure modeling approaches appear to be reasonably robust in that they can be applied to materials that display distributed damage, provided that the level of disorder in the material is not too large. The Weibull distribution is argued to be the most appropriate statistical distribution to model the stochastic strength response of graphite. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nemeth, Noel N.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Bratton, Robert L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Nemeth, NN (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. EM Noel.N.Nemeth@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [SAA3-824]; Battelle Memorial Institute [SAA3-824]; Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC with the U.S. Department of Energy. [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX Notice for Copyrighted Information: This manuscript is a joint work of employees of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and employees of Battelle Memorial Institute (under contract to Idaho National Laboratory) under Space Act Agreement SAA3-824 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The United States Government may prepare derivative works, publish or reproduce this manuscript, and allow other to do so. Any publisher accepting this manuscript for publication acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, irrevocable, worldwide license to prepare derivative works, publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.; The authors thank Prof. Phoenix and Dr. Nukala for providing helpful correspondence and publications of their research and Andrew Walker for assistance in preparing this manuscript. This manuscript was funded by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 168 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 EI 1872-759X J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 240 IS 1 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.10.002 PG 29 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 547IC UT WOS:000273879500001 ER PT B AU Zhou, DZ AF Zhou, Dazhuang BE Sidorov, M Ivanov, O TI METHODS USING CR-39 PLASTIC NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS IN RADIATION RESEARCH SO NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS: DESIGN, METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE Electrical Engineering Developments LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; HIGH-LET RADIATION; COSMIC-RAY NUCLEI; INTERNATIONAL-SPACE-STATION; IN-FLIGHT MEASUREMENTS; CIVIL AIR CREW; AIRCRAFT ALTITUDES; DIFFERENT DOSIMETERS; DOSE-EQUIVALENT; AVIATION ALTITUDES AB CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs) are considered to be the most useful nuclear track detectors for high LET (Linear Energy Transfer) radiation research. When charged particles pass through CR-39 detector, they break the molecular bonds of the CR-39 polymer to form highly reactive paths along their trajectories. These paths can be revealed as etched cones in the CR-39 detector by chemical etch. CR-39 PNTDs can detect heavy charged particles directly and detect neutrons as well as high energy protons through their secondary heavy charged particles produced in the CR-39 and surrounding materials. CR-39 is sensitive to high LET particles (>= 5 keV/mu m water) and can measure LET spectra and radiation quantities for complicated radiation fields. The LET calibration of CR-39 detectors can be achieved using heavy ions and protons generated by accelerators. The sensitivity fading of CR-39 detectors during long term exposure exists and can be corrected with a formula based on experimental data. The LET spectrum method and charge spectrum method using CR-39 PNTDs are widely employed in radiation research. Since the 1990s they have been used to measure radiation exposure for aircraft crew and astronauts and to monitor radiation inside the STS (Space Transportation System) space craft and the ISS (International Space Station). This chapter summarizes the methods and applications using CR-39 detectors and presents some updated results. Part 1 is the introduction; part 2 covers the main aspects of CR-39 PNTDs; part 3 introduces the method for determining LET spectra; part 4 describes the method for determining charge spectra; part 5 deals with the correction for the fading of CR-39 sensitivity; part 6 covers topics of LET spectra and radiation quantities measured at aviation altitudes; part 7 deals with LET spectra and radiation quantities measured in low Earth orbit (LEO); part 8 presents the charge spectra of cosmic rays measured in LEO and part 9 discusses an application of LET spectrum measured with CR-39 detectors in the areas of radiation risk estimation. C1 [Zhou, Dazhuang] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Zhou, Dazhuang] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX USA. RP Zhou, DZ (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 170 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-826-4 J9 ELECTR ENG DEV PY 2010 BP 1 EP 106 PG 106 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BPD26 UT WOS:000278554400001 ER PT B AU Zhou, DZ AF Zhou, Dazhuang BE Sidorov, M Ivanov, O TI ON METHODS USING CR-39 PLASTIC NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS (PNTDs) IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SO NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS: DESIGN, METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE Electrical Engineering Developments LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Zhou, Dazhuang] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Zhou, Dazhuang] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX USA. RP Zhou, DZ (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-826-4 J9 ELECTR ENG DEV PY 2010 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BPD26 UT WOS:000278554400011 ER PT S AU Barth, TJ AF Barth, Timothy J. BA Simos, TE BF Simos, TE BE Psihoyios, G Tsitouras, C TI Exploiting Properties of Entropy Symmetrization Variables to Simplify the Software Implementation of the Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Conservation Laws SO NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS, VOLS I-III SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics CY SEP 19-25, 2010 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP European Soc Comp Methods Sci & Engn DE Discontinuous Galerkin; Numerical Flux Functions; Entropy Variables; Finite Element Methods ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS AB A mathematical construction is presented that simplifies the calculation of upwind numerical fluxes in the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method when entropy symmetrization variables are used. The construction obviates the need for the explicit calculation of left eigenvectors of the flux Jacobian matrices that usually appear in the calculation of upwind fluxes. This construction has been implemented in a finite element software library for general systems of conservation laws. The library is used in the software development of a general space-time discontinuous Galerkin method for compressible flow. This implementation permits both the primal analysis of compressible fluid flow as well as dual analysis for use in a posteriori error analysis and adaptive error control. Primal and dual computations of compressible flow are presented to demonstrate actual applications of the library. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Barth, TJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0834-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1281 BP 770 EP 773 DI 10.1063/1.3498597 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Mathematics; Physics GA BUK49 UT WOS:000289661500203 ER PT B AU Usmanov, AV Goldstein, ML AF Usmanov, Arcadi V. Goldstein, Melvyn L. BE Pogorelov, NV Audit, E Zank, GP TI Alfvenic Turbulence Simulation in a Realistic Solar Wind SO NUMERICAL MODELING OF SPACE PLASMA FLOWS ASTRONUM-2009 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Numberical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows Astronum 2009 CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2009 CL Congress Ctr Majestic, Chamonix, FRANCE HO Congress Ctr Majestic ID FLUCTUATIONS; EVOLUTION; WAVES; FLOWS; MODEL AB We present initial results from a new numerical model to simulate magnetohydrodynamic (MUD) turbulence in the solar wind above the Alfvenic critical point. Previously, we had defined a "virtual" heliosphere that contained a tilted rotating current sheet, microstreams, as well as Alfven waves (Goldstein et al. 1999). In this new restructured approach, we use the global, time-stationary, WKB Alfven wave-driven solar wind model (Usmanov & Goldstein 2003) to define the initial state of the system. Consequently, current sheets, and fast and slow streams are computed self-consistently from an inner photospheric boundary. To this steady-state configuration, we add fluctuations close to, but above, the surface where the flow becomes super-Alfvenic. The time-dependent MHD equations are then solved using a semi-discrete third-order Central Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (CWENO) numerical scheme in the frame of reference corotating with the Sun. The computational domain now includes the entire sphere; the geometrical singularity at the poles is removed using the multiple grid approach described in Usmanov (1996). Wave packets are introduced at the inner boundary such as to satisfy Faraday's Law (Yeh & Dryer 1985) and their nonlinear evolution is followed in time. C1 [Usmanov, Arcadi V.; Goldstein, Melvyn L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Usmanov, AV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD USA. RI Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008; Usmanov, Arcadi/A-9860-2013 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-738-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 429 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR17 UT WOS:000287839100009 ER PT B AU Toth, G Glocer, A Ma, YJ Najib, D Gombosi, T AF Toth, Gabor Glocer, Alex Ma, Yingjuan Najib, Dalal Gombosi, Tamas BE Pogorelov, NV Audit, E Zank, GP TI Multi-Ion Magnetohydrodynamics SO NUMERICAL MODELING OF SPACE PLASMA FLOWS ASTRONUM-2009 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Numerical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows Astronum 2009 CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2009 CL Congress Ctr Majestic, Chamonix, FRANCE HO Congress Ctr Majestic AB We derive and numerically solve the full set of magnetohydrodynamic equations with multiple ion fluids. The numerical difficulties and the algorithmic solutions are discussed. We show some preliminary results for the interaction of Mars' ionosphere with the solar wind. C1 [Toth, Gabor; Najib, Dalal; Gombosi, Tamas] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ma, Yingjuan] UCLA, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Glocer, Alex] GSFC, NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Toth, G (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; Glocer, Alex/C-9512-2012; Toth, Gabor/B-7977-2013 OI Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Glocer, Alex/0000-0001-9843-9094; Toth, Gabor/0000-0002-5654-9823 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-738-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 429 BP 213 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR17 UT WOS:000287839100033 ER PT S AU Hall, JR Ibrahim, K Klaus, TC Cote, MT Middour, C Haas, MR Dotson, JL Stroozas, B Wu, M Sommers, J Bhavsar, P AF Hall, Jennifer R. Ibrahim, Khadeejah Klaus, Todd C. Cote, Miles T. Middour, Christopher Haas, Michael R. Dotson, Jessie L. Stroozas, Brett Wu, Michael Sommers, Jeneen Bhavsar, Paresh BE Silva, DR Peck, AB Soifer, BT TI Kepler Science Operations Processes, Procedures, and Tools SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems III CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler; science operations; operational processes; workflows; pipeline AB The Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) is responsible for the configuration and management of the SOC Science Processing Pipeline, processing of the science data, distributing data and reports to the Science Office, exporting processed data for archiving to the Data Management Center at the Space Telescope Science Institute, and generation and management of the target and aperture definitions. We present an overview of the SOC procedures and workflows for the data the SOC manages and processes. There are several levels of reviews, approvals, and processing for the various types of data. We describe the process flow from data receipt through data processing and export, as well as the procedures in place for accomplishing the tasks. The tools used to accomplish the goals of Kepler science operations will be presented and discussed as well. These include command-line tools and graphical user interfaces, as well as commercial products. The tools provide a wide range of functionality for the SOC including pipeline operation, configuration management, and process workflow implementation. For a demonstration of the Kepler Science Operations Center's processes, procedures, and tools, we present the life of a quarter's worth of data, from target and aperture table generation through archiving the data collected with those tables. C1 [Hall, Jennifer R.; Ibrahim, Khadeejah; Klaus, Todd C.; Middour, Christopher; Sommers, Jeneen] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Orbital Sci Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hall, JR (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Orbital Sci Corp, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jennifer.hall@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-227-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7737 AR 77370H DI 10.1117/12.856807 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU48 UT WOS:000285827700010 ER PT J AU Canuto, VM Howard, AM Cheng, Y Muller, CJ Leboissetier, A Jayne, SR AF Canuto, V. M. Howard, A. M. Cheng, Y. Muller, C. J. Leboissetier, A. Jayne, S. R. TI Ocean turbulence, III: New GISS vertical mixing scheme SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Turbulence; Tides; Double diffusion; Mixing; OGCM ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; TRACER-RELEASE EXPERIMENT; STABLY STRATIFIED FLOWS; DEEP-OCEAN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLOSURE-MODEL; SALT FINGERS; PART I; GENERAL-CIRCULATION AB We have found a new way to express the solutions of the RSM (Reynolds Stress Model) equations that allows us to present the turbulent diffusivities for heat, salt and momentum in a way that is considerably simpler and thus easier to implement than in previous work. The RSM provides the dimensionless mixing efficiencies Gamma(alpha) (alpha stands for heat, salt and momentum). However, to compute the diffusivities, one needs additional information, specifically, the dissipation epsilon. Since a dynamic equation for the latter that includes the physical processes relevant to the ocean is still not available, one must resort to different sources of information outside the RSM to obtain a complete Mixing Scheme usable in OGCMs. As for the RSM results, we show that the Gamma(alpha)'s are functions of both Ri and R(rho) (Richardson number and density ratio representing double diffusion, DD); the Gamma(alpha) are different for heat, salt and momentum; in the case of heat, the traditional value Gamma(h) = 0.2 is valid only in the presence of strong shear (when DD is inoperative) while when shear subsides, NATRE data show that rh can be three times as large, a result that we reproduce. The salt Gamma(s) is given in terms of Gamma(h). The momentum Gamma(m) has thus far been guessed with different prescriptions while the RSM provides a well defined expression for Gamma(m)(Ri,R(rho)). Having tested Gamma(h), we then test the momentum Gamma(m) by showing that the turbulent Prandtl number Gamma(m)/Gamma(h) vs. Ri reproduces the available data quite well. As for the dissipation epsilon, we use different representations, one for the mixed layer (ML), one for the thermocline and one for the ocean's bottom. For the ML, we adopt a procedure analogous to the one successfully used in PB (planetary boundary layer) studies; for the thermocline, we employ an expression for the variable epsilon N(-2) from studies of the internal gravity waves spectra which includes a latitude dependence; for the ocean bottom, we adopt the enhanced bottom diffusivity expression used by previous authors but with a state of the art internal tidal energy formulation and replace the fixed Gamma(alpha) = 0.2 with the RSM result that brings into the problem the Ri, R(rho) dependence of the Gamma(alpha); the unresolved bottom drag, which has thus far been either ignored or modeled with heuristic relations, is modeled using a formalism we previously developed and tested in PBL studies. We carried out several tests without an OGCM. Prandtl and flux Richardson numbers vs. Ri. The RSM model reproduces both types of data satisfactorily. DD and Mixing efficiency Gamma(h)(Ri,R(rho)). The RSM model reproduces well the NATRE data. Bimodal epsilon-distribution. NATRE data show that epsilon(Ri < 1) approximate to 10 epsilon(Ri > 1), which our model reproduces. Heat to salt flux ratio. In the Ri >> 1 regime, the RSM predictions reproduce the data satisfactorily. NATRE mass diffusivity. The z-profile of the mass diffusivity reproduces well the measurements at NATRE. The local form of the mixing scheme is algebraic with one cubic equation to solve. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Canuto, V. M.; Howard, A. M.; Cheng, Y.; Leboissetier, A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Canuto, V. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Howard, A. M.] CUNY, Medgar Evers Coll, Dept Phys Environm & Comp Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA. [Cheng, Y.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Muller, C. J.; Leboissetier, A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jayne, S. R.] WHOI, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Canuto, VM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM vcanuto@giss.nasa.gov NR 112 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2010 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 70 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.04.006 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 634JV UT WOS:000280578000002 ER PT J AU Losch, M Menemenlis, D Campin, JM Heimbach, P Hill, C AF Losch, Martin Menemenlis, Dimitris Campin, Jean-Michel Heimbach, Patick Hill, Chris TI On the formulation of sea-ice models. Part 1: Effects of different solver implementations and parameterizations SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Numerical sea ice modeling; Viscous-plastic rheology; EVP; Coupled ocean and sea ice model; State estimation; Adjoint modeling; Canadian arctic archipelago; Sea-ice export; Sensitivities ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WEDDELL SEA; NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS; OCEAN CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; WATER; REPRESENTATION; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY AB This paper describes the sea ice component of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm); it presents example Arctic and Antarctic results from a realistic, eddy-admitting, global ocean and sea ice configuration; and it compares B-grid anti C-grid dynamic solvers and other numerical details of the parameterized dynamics and thermodynamics in a regional Arctic configuration. Ice mechanics follow a viscous-plastic rheology and the ice momentum equations are solved numerically using either line-successive-over-relaxation (LSOR) or elastic-viscous-plastic (EVP) dynamic models. Ice thermodynamics are represented using either a zero-heat-capacity formulation or a two-layer formulation that conserves enthalpy. The model includes prognostic variables for snow thickness and for sea ice salinity. The above sea ice model components were borrowed from current generation climate models but they were reformulated on an Arakawa C grid in order to match the MITgcm oceanic grid and they were modified in many ways to permit efficient and accurate automatic differentiation. Both stress tensor divergence and advective terms are discretized with the finite-volume method. The choice of the dynamic solver has a considerable effect on the solution; this effect can be larger than, for example, the choice of lateral boundary conditions, of ice rheology, and of ice-ocean stress coupling. The solutions obtained with different dynamic solvers typically differ by a few cm s(-1) in ice drift speeds, 50 cm in ice thickness, and order 200 km(3) yr(-1) in freshwater (ice and snow) export out of the Arctic. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Losch, Martin] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Menemenlis, Dimitris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Campin, Jean-Michel; Heimbach, Patick; Hill, Chris] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Losch, M (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Postfach 120161, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM Martin.Losch@awi.de RI Heimbach, Patrick/K-3530-2013; Losch, Martin/S-5896-2016 OI Heimbach, Patrick/0000-0003-3925-6161; Losch, Martin/0000-0002-3824-5244 FU NSF [ARC-0804150]; DOE [DE-FG02-08ER64592]; NASA [NNGO6GG98G]; National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) FX We thank Jinlun Zhang for providing the original B-grid code and for many helpful discussions. M.L. thanks Elizabeth Hunke for multiple explanations and Sergey Danilov and Rudiger Gerdes for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by NSF award ARC-0804150, DOE award DE-FG02-08ER64592, and NASA award NNGO6GG98G. It is a contribution to the ECCO2 project sponsored by the NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program and to the ECCO-GODAE project sponsored by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP). Computing resources were provided by NASA/ARC, NCAR/CSL, and JPL/SVF. NR 75 TC 93 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.12.008 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 587JG UT WOS:000276986700010 ER PT J AU Heimbach, P Menemenlis, D Losch, M Campin, JM Hill, C AF Heimbach, Patick Menemenlis, Dimitris Losch, Martin Campin, Jean-Michel Hill, Chris TI On the formulation of sea-ice models. Part 2: Lessons from multi-year adjoint sea-ice export sensitivities through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Numerical sea-ice modeling; Viscous-plastic rheology; Coupled ocean and sea-ice model; State estimation; Adjoint modeling; Canadian Arctic Archipelago; Sea-ice export; Sensitivities ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; OCEAN CIRCULATION; FRESH-WATER; CONSTRUCTION; DYNAMICS; VELOCITY; ATLANTIC; VOLUME AB The adjoint of an ocean general circulation model is at the heart of the ocean state estimation system of the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) project. As part of an ongoing effort to extend ECCO to a coupled ocean/sea-ice estimation system, a dynamic and thermodynamic sea-ice model has been developed for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). One key requirement is the ability to generate, by means of automatic differentiation (AD), tangent linear (TLM) and adjoint (ADM) model code for the coupled MITgcm ocean/sea-ice system. This second part of a two-part paper describes aspects of the adjoint model. The adjoint ocean and sea-ice model is used to calculate transient sensitivities of solid (ice and snow) freshwater export through Lancaster Sound in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CM). The adjoint state provides a complementary view of the dynamics. In particular, the transient, multi-year sensitivity patterns reflect dominant pathways and propagation timescales through the CAA as resolved by the model, thus shedding light on causal relationships, in the model, across the Archipelago. The computational cost of inferring such causal relationships from forward model diagnostics alone would be prohibitive. The role of the exact model trajectory around which the adjoint is calculated (and therefore of the exactness of the adjoint) is exposed through calculations using free-slip vs no-slip lateral boundary conditions. Effective ice thickness, sea surface temperature, and precipitation sensitivities, are discussed in detail as examples of the coupled sea-ice/ocean and atmospheric forcing control space. To test the reliability of the adjoint, finite-difference perturbation experiments were performed for each of these elements and the cost perturbations were compared to those "predicted" by the adjoint. Overall, remarkable qualitative and quantitative agreement is found. In particular, the adjoint correctly "predicts" a seasonal sign change in precipitation sensitivities. A physical mechanism for this sign change is presented. The availability of the coupled adjoint opens up the prospect for adjoint-based coupled ocean/sea-ice state estimation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Heimbach, Patick; Campin, Jean-Michel; Hill, Chris] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Menemenlis, Dimitris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Losch, Martin] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Heimbach, P (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM heimbach@mit.edu RI Heimbach, Patrick/K-3530-2013; Losch, Martin/S-5896-2016 OI Heimbach, Patrick/0000-0003-3925-6161; Losch, Martin/0000-0002-3824-5244 FU NASA; National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) FX This work is a contribution to the ECCO2 project sponsored by the NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program and to the ECCO-GODAE project sponsored by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP). DM carried out this work at JPL/Caltech under contract with NASA. Computing resources were provided by NASA/ARC, NCAR/CSL, and JPL/SVF. Careful reviews by the two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the readability of the paper and are gratefully acknowledged. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.02.002 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 587JG UT WOS:000276986700011 ER PT J AU Canuto, VM Dubovikov, MS AF Canuto, V. M. Dubovikov, M. S. TI Mixed layer sub-mesoscale parameterization - Part 1: Derivation and assessment SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN FRONTS; VERTICAL MOTION; TURBULENCE; RESTRATIFICATION; EDDIES; MODEL; FRONTOGENESIS; SUBDUCTION; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB Several studies have shown that sub-mesoscales (SM similar to 1 km horizontal scale) play an important role in mixed layer dynamics. In particular, high resolution simulations have shown that in the case of strong down-front wind, the re-stratification induced by the SM is of the same order of the de-stratification induced by small scale turbulence, as well as of that induced by the Ekman velocity. These studies have further concluded that it has become necessary to include SM in ocean global circulation models (OGCMs), especially those used in climate studies. The goal of our work is to derive and assess an analytic parameterization of the vertical tracer flux under baroclinic instabilities and wind of arbitrary directions and strength. To achieve this goal, we have divided the problem into two parts: first, in this work we derive and assess a parameterization of the SM vertical flux of an arbitrary tracer for ocean codes that resolve mesoscales, M, but not sub-mesoscales, SM. In Part 2, presented elsewhere, we have used the results of this work to derive a parameterization of SM fluxes for ocean codes that do not resolve either M or SM. To carry out the first part of our work, we solve the SM dynamic equations including the non-linear terms for which we employ a closure developed and assessed in previous work. We present a detailed analysis for down-front and up-front winds with the following results: (a) down-front wind (blowing in the direction of the surface geostrophic velocity) is the most favorable condition for generating vigorous SM eddies; the de-stratifying effect of the mean flow and re-stratifying effect of SM almost cancel each other out, (b) in the up-front wind case (blowing in the direction opposite to the surface geostrophic velocity), strong winds prevents the SM generation while weak winds hinder the process but the eddies amplify the re-stratifying effect of the mean velocity, (c) wind orthogonal to the geostrophic velocity. In this case, which was not considered in numerical simulations, we show that when the wind direction coincides with that of the horizontal buoyancy gradient, SM eddies are generated and their re-stratifying effect partly cancels the de-stratifying effect of the mean velocity. The case when wind direction is opposite to that of the horizontal buoyancy gradient, is analogous to the case of up-front winds. In conclusion, the new multifaceted implications on the mixed layer stratification caused by the interplay of both strength and directions of the wind in relation to the buoyancy gradient disclosed by high resolution simulations have been reproduced by the present model. The present results can be used in OGCMs that resolve M but not SM. C1 [Canuto, V. M.; Dubovikov, M. S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Canuto, V. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Math & Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Dubovikov, M. S.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Clim Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Canuto, VM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM vcanuto@giss.nasa.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 3 BP 679 EP 693 DI 10.5194/os-6-679-2010 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 645DR UT WOS:000281431600005 ER PT B AU Liu, WT Xie, XS Tang, WQ AF Liu, W. Timothy Xie, Xiaosu Tang, Wenqing BE Barale, V Gower, JFR Alberotanza, L TI Scatterometer's Unique Capability in Measuring Ocean Surface Stress SO OCEANOGRAPHY FROM SPACE: REVISITED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WIND STRESS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MODEL FUNCTION; MOMENTUM FLUX; WATER-VAPOR; KU-BAND; SEA; TEMPERATURE; WAVES C1 [Liu, W. Timothy; Xie, Xiaosu; Tang, Wenqing] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Liu, WT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM w.t.liu@jpl.nasa.gov; xiaosu@pacific.jpl.nasa.gov; wqt@pacific.jpl.nasa.gov NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-8681-5; 978-90-481-8680-8 PY 2010 BP 93 EP 111 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8681-5_6 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8681-5 PG 19 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BD5XL UT WOS:000361884500007 ER PT B AU Fu, LL AF Fu, Lee-Lueng BE Barale, V Gower, JFR Alberotanza, L TI Determining Ocean Circulation and Sea Level from Satellite Altimetry: Progress and Challenges SO OCEANOGRAPHY FROM SPACE: REVISITED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION; GLOBAL OCEAN; ARGENTINE BASIN; INTERNAL TIDES; SURFACE HEIGHT; DEEP-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; ENERGY; WIND; TOPEX/POSEIDON C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fu, LL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lee-lueng.fu@jpl.nasa.gov NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-8681-5; 978-90-481-8680-8 PY 2010 BP 147 EP 163 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8681-5_9 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8681-5 PG 17 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BD5XL UT WOS:000361884500010 ER PT J AU Nguyen, P Meyyappan, M Yiu, SC AF Nguyen, Pho Meyyappan, M. Yiu, Samuel C. TI Applications of Nanobiotechnology in Ophthalmology - Part I SO OPHTHALMIC RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB AVASTIN; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; OCULAR DRUG-DELIVERY; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES; RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PHASE-III TRIAL; CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION AB Much progress has been achieved in the field of nanotechnology and its applications in ophthalmology. It is evident that drug delivery, gene therapy, implantable devices and regenerative medicine are some of the key areas of active research. To the best of our knowledge, there is limited review work on this subject area in the current literature. To assist the interested clinicians and scientists, this bipartite commentary will focus the discussion on emerging researches in nano-ophthalmology and other enabling technologies that soon may be available in the clinician's armamentarium to maintain and restore eye sight. This installment will focus on recent discoveries in drug delivery, gene therapy, imaging and visual prostheses; the second installment will discuss the impact of nanotechnology on artificial environment, cell-nanostructure interaction, other enabling nano-ophthalmic technologies, and safety and biocompatibility of nanostructures. We will take this opportunity to introduce some exciting nano-ophthalmic applications under investigation in our laboratory. The accomplishments by the scientific community are tremendous and the future prospects are wide open. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Yiu, Samuel C.] Univ So Calif, Doheny Eye Inst, Ocular Surface Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Nguyen, Pho; Yiu, Samuel C.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Yiu, SC (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Doheny Eye Inst, Ocular Surface Ctr, 1450 San Pablo St,DEI 5704, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM syiu@doheny.org NR 168 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0030-3747 J9 OPHTHAL RES JI Ophthalmic Res. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1159/000279436 PG 16 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 610QD UT WOS:000278748300001 PM 20130441 ER PT S AU Akeson, R Colavita, M Millan-Gabet, R Ragland, S Wizinowich, P Woillez, J AF Akeson, R. Colavita, M. Millan-Gabet, R. Ragland, S. Wizinowich, P. Woillez, J. CA KI Team BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Recent Science Highlights from the Keck Interferometer SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Infrared interferometry; young stellar objects; active galactic nuclei ID DUST; NUCLEUS AB The addition of new observational capabilities and continued sensitivity improvements have allowed observations with the Keck Interferometer to encompass new areas of astrophysics and expanded significantly the available sample size in areas which had been the focus of previous work. The technical details of the instrument techniques (including nulling, L-band and increased spectral resolution) are covered in other contributions to this conference. Here, we will highlight the astrophsyics enabled by these instruments including: a summary of the NASA Exo-zodical Dust Survey Key Project, observations across a range of dust temperatures with K and L-band measurements and faint target studies of active galactic nuclei and young stellar disks. C1 [Akeson, R.; Millan-Gabet, R.] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Akeson, R (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM rla@ipac.caltech.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77340C DI 10.1117/12.856494 PN I & II PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400010 ER PT S AU Alvarez-Salazar, OS AF Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar S. BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI On-Orbit Dynamics & Controls System Architecture for SIM-Lite SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The dynamic stability of white light fringes formed on the guide and science interferometers in SIM-Lite along with the pointing stability of each arm of each interferometer affect the visibility of fringes and the length of the fringe camera integration time for the observatory. Hence, tight fringe and pointing stability requirements are needed to reduce science interferometer camera integration times, which in turn help increase the all important instrument's observing efficiency. The SIM-Lite Instrument Dynamics and Controls (D&C) System Architecture deals with such dynamic issues through a "tailored" system dynamics design complemented by a comprehensive active control system. The SIM-Lite on-orbit System architecture is described in this paper. Key roles played by the resulting D&C System are also established, while the system design is clearly linked to the four nominal phases of on-orbit operations for the observatory (Tile to Tile slew & settling, guide star acquisition, science observation, & science interferometer retargeting). Top driving requirements dictating system interferometric-baseline stability and repeatability, instrument pointing stability, and fringe stability are discussed here together with the resulting high level Error Budget. Key system sensitivities and currently known D&C related design challenges are also discussed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Alvarez-Salazar, OS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM osas@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77341I DI 10.1117/12.856505 PN I & II PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400044 ER PT S AU Colavita, MM Serabyn, E Ragland, S Millan-Gabet, R Akeson, RL AF Colavita, M. M. Serabyn, E. Ragland, S. Millan-Gabet, R. Akeson, R. L. BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Keck Interferometer nuller instrument performance SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Interferometry; Nulling; Keck; Exozodiacal dust AB The Keck Interferometer combines the two 10 m Keck telescopes as a long baseline interferometer. It is funded by NASA as a joint development among the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the W. M. Keck Observatory, and the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. In February 2008, the 10 um nulling mode began a 32 night observing program with three key science teams to perform a survey of nearby stars for exozodiacal dust. This program has recently concluded, and has been followed by nuller observing on a variety of science topics through the standard proposal process. We provide a review and update of the nuller implementation, and describe the data reduction process, including the calibration approach. We then review the technical performance of the instrument based on the full key science data set, including sensitivity and systematic errors. We also provide some summary data on atmospheric effects applicable to the cophasing approach. C1 [Colavita, M. M.; Serabyn, E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Colavita, MM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77340T DI 10.1117/12.857166 PN I & II PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400023 ER PT S AU Danchi, WC Barry, RK AF Danchi, W. C. Barry, R. K. BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer (FKSI) - Infrared Detection and Characterization of Exozodiacal Dust to Super-Earths: A Progress Report SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Direct detection of exoplanets; debris disk; dust disk; super-Earth; nulling interferometry; stellar interferometry AB The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer (FKSI) is a structurally connected infrared space interferometer with 0.5 m diameter telescopes on a 12.5 m baseline, and is passively cooled to similar to 60K. The FKSI operates in the thermal infrared from 3-8 mu m in a nulling (starlight suppressing) mode for the detection and characterization of exoplanets, debris disks, and extrasolar zodiacal dust levels. The FKSI will have the highest angular resolution of any infrared space instrument ever made with its nominal resolution of 40 mas at a 5 mu m center wavelength. This resolution exceeds that of Spitzer by a factor of 38 and JWST by a factor of 5. The FKSI mission is conceived as a "probe class" or "mid-sized" strategic mission that utilizes technology advances from flagship projects like JWST, SIM, Spitzer, and the technology programs of TPF-I/Darwin. During the past year we began investigating an enhanced version of FKSI with 1-2 m diameter telescopes, passively cooled to 40K, on a 20-m baseline, with a sunshade giving a +/- 45 degree Field-of-Regard. This enhanced design is capable of detecting and characterizing the atmospheres of many 2 Earth-radius super-Earths and a few Earth-twins. We will report progress on the design of the enhanced mission concept and current status of the technologies needed for this mission. C1 [Danchi, W. C.; Barry, R. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Danchi, WC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77340M DI 10.1117/12.858129 PN I & II PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400018 ER PT S AU Dekens, FG Goullioud, R Nicaise, F Kuan, G Morales, M AF Dekens, Frank G. Goullioud, Renaud Nicaise, Fabien Kuan, Gary Morales, Mauricio BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI SIM Lite: Ground Alignment of the Instrument SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB We present the start of the ground alignment plan for the SIM Lite Instrument. We outline the integration and alignment of the individual benches on which all the optics are mounted, and then the alignment of the benches to form the Science and Guide interferometers. The Instrument has a guide interferometer with only a 40 arc-seconds field of regard, and 200 arc-seconds of alignment adjustability. This requires each sides of the interferometer to be aligned to a fraction of that, while at the same time be orthogonal to the baseline defined by the External Metrology Truss. The baselines of the Science and Guide interferometers must also be aligned to be parallel. The start of these alignment plans is captured in a SysML(1) Instrument System model, in the form of activity diagrams. These activity diagrams are then related to the hardware design and requirements. We finish with future plans for the alignment and integration activities and requirements. C1 [Dekens, Frank G.; Goullioud, Renaud; Nicaise, Fabien; Kuan, Gary; Morales, Mauricio] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Dekens, FG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM fdekens@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77341K DI 10.1117/12.857183 PN I & II PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400046 ER PT S AU Erlig, H Qiu, YM Poberezhskiy, I Meras, P Wu, J AF Erlig, Hernan Qiu, Yueming Poberezhskiy, Ilya Meras, Patrick Wu, James BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Reliable optical pump architecture for highly coherent lasers used in space metrology applications SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE 808nm pumps; diode pumps; beam combining; fiber optic combiners; reliable optical pumps; NPRO lasers; optical metrology; laser ranging AB Laser-based metrology has been identified as an enabling technology in the deployment of large, spaceborne observatories, where nanometer-level knowledge of fiducial displacement drives overall system performance. In particular, Nd:YAG NPRO (non-planar ring oscillator) based lasers have received considerable attention in this application because of their inherent high coherence at wavelengths of interest (1064 and 1319nm). However, the use of NPRO based lasers in decade long space missions is limited by typical 800nm-band pump laser diode wearout and random failure rates. Therefore, reliably achieving multi-hundred milliwatt NPRO power over prolonged mission lifetimes requires innovative pump architectures. In this paper we present a pump architecture capable of supporting continuous NPRO operation over 5.5yrs at 300mW with reliability exceeding 99.7%. The proposed architecture relies on a low-loss, high port count, all-fiber optical coupler to combine the outputs of multiple single-mode pump laser diodes. This coupler is capable of meeting the exacting environmental requirements placed by a space mission, such as SIM Lite. C1 [Erlig, Hernan; Qiu, Yueming; Poberezhskiy, Ilya; Meras, Patrick; Wu, James] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Erlig, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77342B DI 10.1117/12.858180 PN I & II PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400071 ER PT S AU Goullioud, R Dekens, F Nemati, B An, X Hovland, L AF Goullioud, Renaud Dekens, Frank Nemati, Bijan An, Xin Hovland, Larry BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI The SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory: Engineering risk reduction activity SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SIM; Astrometry; Interferometry; Exoplanets; Testbeds AB The SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory is a mission concept for a space-borne instrument to perform micro-arcsecond narrow-angle astrometry to search 60 to 100 nearby stars for Earth-like planets, and to perform global astrometry for a broad astrophysics program. The main enabling technology development for the mission was completed during phases A & B. While the project is waiting for the results of the ASTRO2010 Decadal Survey to proceed into flight implementation, the instrument team is currently converting the developed technology onto flight-ready engineering models. These key engineering tasks will significantly reduce the implementation risks during the flight phases C & D of the mission. The main optical interferometer components, including the astrometric beam combiner (ABC), the fine steering mechanism (FSM), the path-length control and modulation optical mechanisms (POM & MOM), focal plane camera electronics (ATC & FTC), camera cooling cryo-heat pipe, and the siderostat mechanism are currently under development. Main assemblies are built to meet flight requirements and have been or will be subjected to flight qualification level environmental testing (random vibration and thermal cycling) and performance testing. The Spectral Calibration Development Unit (SCDU), a white light interferometer testbed has recently demonstrated how to perform the spectral calibration of the instrument. The Guide 2 Telescope testbed (G2T) has demonstrated the 50 micro-arcsecond angle monitoring capability required by SIM Lite to perform astrometry. This paper summarizes recent progress in engineering risk reduction activities. C1 [Goullioud, Renaud; Dekens, Frank; Nemati, Bijan; An, Xin; Hovland, Larry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Goullioud, R (reprint author), Mail Stop 321-520,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Renaud.Goullioud@jpl.nasa.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77341M DI 10.1117/12.857721 PN I & II PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400048 ER PT S AU Hahn, I Weilert, M Sandhu, J Wang, X Smythe, R Hovland, E Loya, F Shields, J Boussalis, D Fathpour, N Kang, B Ahmed, A Macala, G Nicaise, F Morales, M Dekens, F Goullioud, R AF Hahn, I. Weilert, M. Sandhu, J. Wang, X. Smythe, R. Hovland, E. Loya, F. Shields, J. Boussalis, D. Fathpour, N. Kang, B. Ahmed, A. Macala, G. Nicaise, F. Morales, M. Dekens, F. Goullioud, R. BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Results of the Guide-2 telescope testbed for the SIM Light Astrometric Observatory SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SIM; angle metrology; star tracking AB The SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory is to perform narrow angle astrometry to search for Earth-like planets, and global astrometry for a broad astrophysics program, for example, mapping the distribution of dark matter in the Galaxy. The new SIM Lite consists of two Michelson interferometers and one star tracking telescope. The main six-meter baseline science interferometer observes a target star and a set of reference stars. The four-meter baseline interferometer (guide-1) monitors the attitude of the instrument in the direction of a target star. The Guide-2 telescope (G2T) tracks a bright star to monitor the attitude of the instrument in the other two orthogonal directions. A testbed has been built to demonstrate star-tracking capability of the G2T concept using a new interferometric angle metrology system. In the presence of simulated 0.2 arcsecond level of expected spacecraft attitude control system perturbations, the measured star-tracking capability of the G2T testbed system is less than 43 micro-arcsecond during single narrow angle observation. C1 [Hahn, I.; Weilert, M.; Sandhu, J.; Wang, X.; Smythe, R.; Hovland, E.; Loya, F.; Shields, J.; Boussalis, D.; Fathpour, N.; Kang, B.; Ahmed, A.; Macala, G.; Nicaise, F.; Morales, M.; Dekens, F.; Goullioud, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hahn, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Inseob.Hahn@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77344H DI 10.1117/12.856531 PN I & II PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400143 ER PT S AU Hahn, I Weilert, M An, X Kuan, G Hovland, L Smythe, R Hovland, E Krylo, R Fisher, M Chang, Z Cepeda-Rizo, J Shields, J Ahmed, A Fathpour, N Carson, J Nicaise, F Morales, M Dekens, F Goullioud, R AF Hahn, I. Weilert, M. An, X. Kuan, G. Hovland, L. Smythe, R. Hovland, E. Krylo, R. Fisher, M. Chang, Z. Cepeda-Rizo, J. Shields, J. Ahmed, A. Fathpour, N. Carson, J. Nicaise, F. Morales, M. Dekens, F. Goullioud, R. BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Progress on SIM Lite Brassboard Interferometer Integration and Test SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SIM Lite; interferometer AB Main brassboard Michelson interferometer components have been recently developed for the future flight phase implementations of SIM Lite mission. These brassboard components include two fine steering mirrors, pathlength modulation and cyclic averaging optics and astrometric beam combiner assembly. Field-independent performance tests will be performed in a vacuum chamber using two siderostats in retro-reflecting positions and a white light stimulus. The brightness and color dependence of the angle and fringe tracking performance will be measured. The performance of filtering algorithms will be tested in a simulated spacecraft attitude control system perturbation. To demonstrate capability of a dim star observation, the angle and fringe tracking CCD sensors are cooled to -110 C using a cold diode heat pipe system. The new feed-forward control (angle and path-length) algorithms for the dim star observation will be tested as well. In this paper, we will report the recent progress toward the integration and performance tests of the brassboard interferometer. C1 [Hahn, I.; Weilert, M.; An, X.; Kuan, G.; Hovland, L.; Smythe, R.; Hovland, E.; Krylo, R.; Fisher, M.; Chang, Z.; Cepeda-Rizo, J.; Shields, J.; Ahmed, A.; Fathpour, N.; Carson, J.; Nicaise, F.; Morales, M.; Dekens, F.; Goullioud, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hahn, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Inseob.Hahn@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77344K DI 10.1117/12.858288 PN I & II PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400146 ER PT S AU Lawson, PR Malbet, F AF Lawson, Peter R. Malbet, Fabien BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Optical Long Baseline Interferometry News (OLBIN) SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Astronomy; technology; interferometry; optical; infrared AB The Optical Long Baseline Interferometry News (OLBIN) is a website and forum for scientists, engineers, and students who share a common interest in long-baseline stellar interferometry. Through OLBIN you will find links to projects devoted to stellar interferometry, as well as news items, recent papers and preprints, notices of upcoming meetings, and resources for further research. This paper describes the history of the website, how it has evolved to serve the community, and the current plans for its future development. The website can be found at http://olbin.jpl.nasa.gov/. C1 [Lawson, Peter R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lawson, PR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 301-355,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Peter.R.Lawson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77342O DI 10.1117/12.857153 PN I & II PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400084 ER PT S AU Marr, JC Shao, M Goullioud, R AF Marr, James C. Shao, Michael Goullioud, Renaud BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory Progress Report SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Interferometer; Interferometry; astrometry; SIM; Lite; exoplanet; planet-finding; astrometric; observatory AB The SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory (aka SIM Lite), a micro-arcsecond astrometry space mission, has been developed in response to NASA's indefinite deferral of the SIM PlanetQuest mission. The SIM Lite mission, while significantly more affordable than the SIM PlanetQuest mission concept, still addresses the full breadth of SIM science envisioned by two previous National Research Council (NRC) Astrophysics Decadal Surveys at the most stringent "Goal" level of astrometric measurement performance envisioned in those surveys. Over the past two years, the project has completed the conceptual design of the SIM Lite mission using only the completed SIM technology; published a 250 page book describing the science and mission design (available at the SIM website: http://sim.jpl.nasa.gov); been subject to an independent cost and technical readiness assessment by the Aerospace Corporation; and submitted a number of information responses to the NRC Astro2010 Decadal Survey. The project also conducted an exoplanet-finding capability double blind study that clearly demonstrated the ability of the mission to survey 60 to 100 nearby sun-like dwarf stars for terrestrial, habitable zone planets in complex planetary systems. Additionally, the project has continued Engineering Risk Reduction activities by building brassboard (form, fit & function to flight) version of key instrument elements and subjecting them to flight qualification environmental and performance testing. This paper summarizes the progress over the last two years and the current state of the SIM Lite project. C1 [Marr, James C.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Marr, JC (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 321-520, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM james.c.marr-iv@jpl.nasa.gov; Michael.shao@jpl.nasa.gov; renaud.goullioud@jpl.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77340H DI 10.1117/12.857831 PN I & II PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400014 ER PT S AU Moshir, M Murphy, DW Meier, DL Milman, MH AF Moshir, Mehrdad Murphy, David W. Meier, David L. Milman, Mark H. BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Systems engineering and application of system performance modeling in SIM Lite Mission SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Systems Engineering; Modeling; SIM Lite; Astrometry; Interferometry; Exoplanet; V&V AB The SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory will be the first space-based Michelson interferometer operating in the visible wavelength, with the ability to perform ultra-high precision astrometric measurements on distant celestial objects. SIM Lite data will address in a fundamental way questions such as characterization of Earth-mass planets around nearby stars. To accomplish these goals it is necessary to rely on a model-based systems engineering approach - much more so than most other space missions. This paper will describe in further detail the components of this end-to-end performance model, called "SIM-sim", and show how it has helped the systems engineering process. C1 [Moshir, Mehrdad; Murphy, David W.; Meier, David L.; Milman, Mark H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Moshir, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77341H DI 10.1117/12.857627 PN I & II PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400043 ER PT S AU Murphy, DW Milman, MH Meier, DL Moshir, M AF Murphy, David W. Milman, Mark H. Meier, David L. Moshir, Mehrdad BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI SIM Lite narrow-angle modeling and processing SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Space interferometry; optical interferometry; SIM Lite; Narrow-Angle processing AB This paper examines how narrow-angle (NA) processing of data from the SIM Lite optical interferometry mission can be undertaken when realistic spacecraft and mission operational constraints are taken into account. Using end-to-end mission simulations we show that the goal of 1 mu as single measurement accuracy (SMA) is obtainable, and hence the detection of earth-like planets is achievable with the SIM Lite mission. C1 [Murphy, David W.; Milman, Mark H.; Meier, David L.; Moshir, Mehrdad] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Murphy, DW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77340O DI 10.1117/12.857420 PN I & II PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400020 ER PT S AU Nemati, B An, X Goullioud, R Shao, M Shen, TP Wehmeier, UJ Weilert, MA Wang, X Werne, TA Wu, JP Zhai, CX AF Nemati, Bijan An, Xin Goullioud, Renaud Shao, Michael Shen, Tsae-Pyng Wehmeier, Udo J. Weilert, Mark A. Wang, Xu Werne, Thomas A. Wu, Janet P. Zhai, Chengxing BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Mitigation of Angle Tracking Errors due to Color Dependent Centroid Shifts in SIM-Lite SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SIM; Interferometry; Astrometry; Spectral; Angle Tracker; SCDU AB The SIM-Lite astrometric interferometer will search for Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars. In this search the interferometer will monitor the astrometric position of candidate stars relative to nearby reference stars over the course of a 5 year mission. The elemental measurement is the angle between a target star and a reference star. This is a two-step process, in which the interferometer will each time need to use its controllable optics to align the starlight in the two arms with each other and with the metrology beams. The sensor for this alignment is an angle tracking CCD camera. Various constraints in the design of the camera subject it to systematic alignment errors when observing a star of one spectrum compared with a start of a different spectrum. This effect is called a Color Dependent Centroid Shift ( CDCS) and has been studied extensively with SIM-Lite's SCDU testbed. Here we describe results from the simulation and testing of this error in the SCDU testbed, as well as effective ways that it can be reduced to acceptable levels. C1 [Nemati, Bijan; An, Xin; Goullioud, Renaud; Shao, Michael; Shen, Tsae-Pyng; Wehmeier, Udo J.; Weilert, Mark A.; Wang, Xu; Werne, Thomas A.; Wu, Janet P.; Zhai, Chengxing] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nemati, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bijan.nemati@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77344I DI 10.1117/12.857778 PN I & II PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400144 ER PT S AU Nemati, B An, X Goullioud, R Shao, M Shen, TP Wehmeier, UJ Weilert, MA Wang, X Werne, TA Wu, JP Zhai, CX AF Nemati, Bijan An, Xin Goullioud, Renaud Shao, Michael Shen, Tsae-Pyng Wehmeier, Udo J. Weilert, Mark A. Wang, Xu Werne, Thomas A. Wu, Janet P. Zhai, Chengxing BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI SIM Interferometer Testbed (SCDU) Status and Recent Results SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SIM; Interferometry; Astrometry; Spectral; Dispersion AB SIM Lite is a space-borne stellar interferometer capable of searching for Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars. This search will require measurement of astrometric angles with sub micro-arcsecond accuracy and optical pathlength differences to 1 picometer by the end of the five-year mission. One of the most significant technical risks in achieving this level of accuracy is from systematic errors that arise from spectral differences between candidate stars and nearby reference stars. The Spectral Calibration Development Unit (SCDU), in operation since 2007, has been used to explore this effect and demonstrate performance meeting SIM goals. In this paper we present the status of this testbed and recent results. C1 [Nemati, Bijan; An, Xin; Goullioud, Renaud; Shao, Michael; Shen, Tsae-Pyng; Wehmeier, Udo J.; Weilert, Mark A.; Wang, Xu; Werne, Thomas A.; Wu, Janet P.; Zhai, Chengxing] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nemati, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bijan.nemati@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77341N DI 10.1117/12.856300 PN I & II PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400049 ER PT S AU Pan, XP Shao, M Shaklan, S Goullioud, R AF Pan, Xiaopei Shao, Michael Shaklan, Stuart Goullioud, Renaud BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI SIM Lite Detection of Habitable Planets in P-type Binary-Planetary Systems SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Close binary stars like spectroscopic binaries create a completely different environment than single stars for the evolution of a protoplanetary disk. Dynamical interactions between one star and protoplanets in such systems provide more challenges for theorists to model giant planet migration and formation of multiple planets. For habitable planets the majority of host stars are in binary star systems. So far only a small amount of Jupiter-size planets have been discovered in binary stars, whose minimum separations are 20 AU and the median value is about 1000 AU (because of difficulties in radial velocity measurements). The SIM Lite mission, a space-based astrometric observatory, has a unique capability to detect habitable planets in binary star systems. This work analyzed responses of the optical system to the field stop for companion stars and demonstrated that SIM Lite can observe exoplanets in visual binaries with small angular separations. In particular we investigated the issues for the search for terrestrial planets in P-type binary-planetary systems, where the planets move around both stars in a relatively distant orbit. C1 [Pan, Xiaopei; Shao, Michael; Shaklan, Stuart; Goullioud, Renaud] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pan, XP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77343H DI 10.1117/12.856330 PN I & II PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400109 ER PT S AU Rinehart, S AF Rinehart, S. CA BETTII Team BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI The Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry (BETTII) SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Interferometry; double-Fourier; balloon experiments ID SPITZER C2D SURVEY; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; GALACTIC NUCLEI; NEARBY; SYSTEM; NULLER AB Astronomical studies at infrared wavelengths have dramatically improved our understanding of the universe. The relatively low angular resolution of these missions, however, is insufficient to resolve the physical scale on which mid-to far-infrared emission arises. We will build the Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry (BETTII), an eight-meter Michelson interferometer to fly on a high-altitude balloon. BETTII's spectral-spatial capability, provided by an instrument using double-Fourier techniques, will address key questions about the nature of disks in young star clusters and active galactic nuclei and the envelopes of evolved stars. BETTII will also lay the technological groundwork for future space interferometers. C1 [Rinehart, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rinehart, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Stephen.A.Rinehart@nasa.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77340K DI 10.1117/12.855476 PN I & II PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400016 ER PT S AU Rinehart, SA Leisawitz, DT Bolcar, MR Chaprnka, KM Lyon, RG Maher, SF Memarsadeghi, N Sinukoff, EJ Teichman, E AF Rinehart, S. A. Leisawitz, D. T. Bolcar, M. R. Chaprnka, K. M. Lyon, R. G. Maher, S. F. Memarsadeghi, N. Sinukoff, E. J. Teichman, E. BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Recent Progress in Wide-Field Imaging Interferometry SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Interferometry; double-Fourier; testbed; wide-field imaging ID RESOLUTION; DESIGN; SPACE AB The Wide-Field Imaging Interferometry Testbed (WIIT) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and a computational model of the testbed were developed to demonstrate and learn the practical limitations of techniques for wide-field spatial-spectral ("double Fourier") interferometry. WIIT is an automated and remotely operated system, and it is now producing substantial amounts of high-quality data from its state-of-the-art operating environment, Goddard's Advanced Interferometry and Metrology Lab. In this paper, we discuss the characterization and operation of the testbed and present recently acquired data. We also give a short description of the computational model and its applications. Finally, we outline future research directions. A companion paper within this conference discusses the development of new wide-field double Fourier data analysis algorithms. C1 [Rinehart, S. A.; Leisawitz, D. T.; Bolcar, M. R.; Chaprnka, K. M.; Lyon, R. G.; Memarsadeghi, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rinehart, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Stephen.A.Rinehart@nasa.gov RI Lyon, Richard/D-5022-2012 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77342D DI 10.1117/12.857108 PN I & II PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400073 ER PT S AU Serabyn, E Mennesson, B Martin, S Liewer, K Mawet, D Hanot, C Loya, F Colavita, MM Ragland, S AF Serabyn, E. Mennesson, B. Martin, S. Liewer, K. Mawet, D. Hanot, C. Loya, F. Colavita, M. M. Ragland, S. BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI The Potential of Rotating-Baseline Nulling Interferometers Operating within Large Single-Telescope Apertures SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nulling interferometry ID HOT DUST; CHARA/FLUOR; STARS; PLANETS AB The use of a rotating-baseline nulling interferometer for exoplanet detection was proposed several decades ago, but the technique has not yet been fully demonstrated in practice. Here we consider the faint companion and exozodiacal disk detection capabilities of rotating-baseline nulling interferometers, such as are envisioned for space-based infrared nullers, but operating instead within the aperture of large single telescopes. In particular, a nulling interferometer on a large aperture corrected by a next-generation extreme adaptive optics system can provide deep interferometric contrasts, and also reach smaller angles (sub lambda/D) than classical coronagraphs. Such rotating nullers also provide validation for an eventual space-based rotating-baseline nulling interferometer. As practical examples, we describe ongoing experiments with rotating nullers at Palomar and Keck, and consider briefly the case of the Thirty Meter Telescope. C1 [Serabyn, E.; Mennesson, B.; Martin, S.; Liewer, K.; Mawet, D.; Loya, F.; Colavita, M. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Serabyn, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gene.serabyn@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77341E DI 10.1117/12.857753 PN I & II PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400041 ER PT S AU Shields, JF Boussalis, D Fathpour, N Weilert, M Hahn, I Ahmed, A AF Shields, Joel F. Boussalis, Dhemetrio Fathpour, Nanaz Weilert, Mark Hahn, Inseob Ahmed, Asif BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI SIM Lite Guide-2 Telescope System Identification, Control Design and Pointing Performance Evaluation SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Pointing; calibration; hysteresis; siderostat; fast steering mirror AB The Guide-2 telescope (G2T) is an important subsystem of the new SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory. In this paper we present system identification experiments, design, and implementation of the G2T stellar pointing loop that achieves milliarcsecond resolution of spacecraft attitude. Special emphasis was placed on characterization and modeling of PZT hysteresis since this nonlinearity plays an important part in the control loop performance. Power spectral densities of the star image centroids were use to evaluate the pointing loop performance with and with out the presence of simulated ACS disturbances injected via a fast steering mirror (FSM). C1 [Shields, Joel F.; Boussalis, Dhemetrio; Fathpour, Nanaz; Weilert, Mark; Hahn, Inseob; Ahmed, Asif] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shields, JF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Joel.F.Shields@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77341L DI 10.1117/12.857716 PN I & II PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400047 ER PT S AU Toorian, A Smythe, R Morales, M Carson, J Moore, JD AF Toorian, Armen Smythe, Robert Morales, Mauricio Carson, John Moore, James D. BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI Flight Qualification and Performance Testing of SIM Precision Optical Mechanisms SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SIM-Lite; Interferometer; PZT; mechanism AB The SIM-Lite project has designed and built PZT driven precision optical mechanisms for pointing and optical pathlength phasing. This paper will discuss the designs, the flight qualification, and performance in a space representative environment of these dynamic optical devices. We will also discuss performance of the strain gauges bonded to the PZTs of the SIM Fine Steering Mirror. C1 [Toorian, Armen; Smythe, Robert; Morales, Mauricio; Carson, John; Moore, James D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Toorian, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77341O DI 10.1117/12.857846 PN I & II PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400050 ER PT S AU Wang, X Goullioud, R Nemati, B Shao, M Wehmeier, UJ Weilert, MA Werne, TA Wu, JP Zhai, CX AF Wang, Xu Goullioud, Renaud Nemati, Bijan Shao, Michael Wehmeier, Udo J. Weilert, Mark A. Werne, Thomas A. Wu, Janet P. Zhai, Chengxing BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI SCDU (Spectral Calibration Development Unit) Testbed Narrow Angle Astrometric Performance SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SIM; SCDU; Interferometer; Astrometry; Spectral Calibration; Narrow Angle AB The most stringent astrometric performance requirements on NASA's SIM(Space Interferometer Mission)-Lite mission will come from the so-called Narrow-Angle (NA) observing scenario, aimed at finding Earth-like exoplanets, where the interferometer chops between the target star and several nearby reference stars multiple times over the course of a single visit. Previously, about 20 pm NA error with various shifts was reported(1). Since then, investigation has been under way to understand the mechanisms that give rise to these shifts. In this paper we report our findings, the adopted mitigation strategies, and the resulting testbed performance. C1 [Wang, Xu; Goullioud, Renaud; Nemati, Bijan; Shao, Michael; Wehmeier, Udo J.; Weilert, Mark A.; Werne, Thomas A.; Wu, Janet P.; Zhai, Chengxing] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xu.wang@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77344J DI 10.1117/12.857278 PN I & II PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400145 ER PT S AU Werne, TA Wehmeier, UJ Wu, JP An, X Goullioud, R Nemati, B Shao, M Shen, TPJ Wang, X Weilert, MA Zhai, CX AF Werne, Thomas A. Wehmeier, Udo J. Wu, Janet P. An, Xin Goullioud, Renaud Nemati, Bijan Shao, Michael Shen, Tsae-Pyng J. Wang, Xu Weilert, Mark A. Zhai, Chengxing BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI SCDU testbed automated in-situ alignment, data acquisition and analysis SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SCDU; SIM-Lite; Automation; Automated Analysis; Distributed Processing AB In the course of fulfilling its mandate, the Spectral Calibration Development Unit (SCDU) testbed for SIM-Lite produces copious amounts of raw data. To effectively spend time attempting to understand the science driving the data, the team devised computerized automations to limit the time spent bringing the testbed to a healthy state and commanding it, and instead focus on analyzing the processed results. We developed a multi-layered scripting language that emphasized the scientific experiments we conducted, which drastically shortened our experiment scripts, improved their readability, and all-but-eliminated testbed operator errors. In addition to scientific experiment functions, we also developed a set of automated alignments that bring the testbed up to a well-aligned state with little more than the push of a button. These scripts were written in the scripting language, and in Matlab via an interface library, allowing all members of the team to augment the existing scripting language with complex analysis scripts. To keep track of these results, we created an easily-parseable state log in which we logged both the state of the testbed and relevant metadata. Finally, we designed a distributed processing system that allowed us to farm lengthy analyses to a collection of client computers which reported their results in a central log. Since these logs were parseable, we wrote query scripts that gave us an effortless way to compare results collected under different conditions. This paper serves as a case-study, detailing the motivating requirements for the decisions we made and explaining the implementation process. C1 [Werne, Thomas A.; Wehmeier, Udo J.; Wu, Janet P.; An, Xin; Goullioud, Renaud; Nemati, Bijan; Shao, Michael; Shen, Tsae-Pyng J.; Wang, Xu; Weilert, Mark A.; Zhai, Chengxing] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Werne, TA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM thomas.a.werne@jpl.nasa.gov; Udo.J.Wehmeier@jpl.nasa.gov; Janet.P.Wu@jpl.nasa.gov; Xin.An@jpl.nasa.gov; Renaud.Goullioud@jpl.nasa.gov; Bijan.Nemati@jpl.nasa.gov; Michael.Shao@jpl.nasa.gov; Tsae-Pyng.J.Shen@jpl.nasa.gov; Xu.Wang@jpl.nasa.gov; Mark.A.Weilert@jpl.nasa.gov; Chengxing.Zhai@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77344F DI 10.1117/12.857525 PN I & II PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400141 ER PT S AU Zhai, C An, X Goullioud, R Nemati, B Shao, M Shen, J Wehmeier, U Wang, X Weiler, M Werne, T Wu, J AF Zhai, C. An, X. Goullioud, R. Nemati, B. Shao, M. Shen, J. Wehmeier, U. Wang, X. Weiler, M. Werne, T. Wu, J. BE Danchi, WC Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK TI SIM-Lite Mission Spectral Calibration Sensitivities and Refinements SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry II CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Interferometry; instrument calibration; fringe phase estimation; wave front aberration AB SIM-Lite missions will perform astrometry at microarcsecond accuracy using star light interferometry. For typical baselines that are shorter than 10 meters, this requires to measure optical path difference (OPD) accurate to tens of picometers calling for highly accurate calibration. A major challenge is to calibrate the star spectral dependency in fringe measurements - the spectral calibration. Previously, we have developed a spectral calibration and estimation scheme achieving picometer level accuracy. In this paper, we present the improvements regarding the application of this scheme from sensitivity studies. Data from the SIM Spectral Calibration Development Unit (SCDU) test facility shows that the fringe OPD is very sensitive to pointings of both beams from the two arms of the interferometer. This sensitivity coupled with a systematic pointing error provides a mechanism to explain the bias changes in 2007. Improving system alignment can effectively reduce this sensitivity and thus errors due to pointing errors. Modeling this sensitivity can lead to further improvement in data processing. We then investigate the sensitivity to a model parameter, the bandwidth used in the fringe model, which presents an interesting trade between systematic and random errors. Finally we show the mitigation of calibration errors due to system drifts by interpolating instrument calibrations. These improvements enable us to use SCDU data to demonstrate that SIM-Lite missions can meet the 1pm noise floor requirement for detecting earth-like exoplanets. C1 [Zhai, C.; An, X.; Goullioud, R.; Nemati, B.; Shao, M.; Shen, J.; Wehmeier, U.; Wang, X.; Weiler, M.; Werne, T.; Wu, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zhai, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM chengxing.zhai@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8224-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7734 AR 77341J DI 10.1117/12.856336 PN I & II PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSQ87 UT WOS:000285505400045 ER PT S AU Hadjimichael, T Kubalak, D Slotwinski, A Davila, P Eegholm, B Eichhorn, W Hayden, J Mentzell, E Ohl, R Scharfstein, G Telfer, R AF Hadjimichael, T. Kubalak, D. Slotwinski, A. Davila, P. Eegholm, B. Eichhorn, W. Hayden, J. Mentzell, E. Ohl, R. Scharfstein, G. Telfer, R. BE Sasian, J Youngworth, RN TI Cryogenic metrology for the James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module alignment target fixtures using laser radar through a chamber window SO OPTICAL SYSTEM ALIGNMENT, TOLERANCING, AND VERIFICATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification IV CY AUG 01-02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID UPDATED EDLEN EQUATION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; AIR AB The James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module utilizes two fixtures to align the Optical Telescope Element Simulator (OSIM) to the coordinate systems established on the ISIM and the ISIM Test Platform (ITP). These fixtures contain targets which are visible to the OSIM Alignment Diagnostics Module (ADM). Requirements on these fixtures must be met under ambient and cryogenic conditions. This paper discusses the cryogenic metrology involving Laser Radar measurements through a chamber window that will be used to link photogrammetry target measurements used during ISIM structure cryogenic verification and the ADM targets, including evaluation of distortion introduced from the window. C1 [Hadjimichael, T.; Kubalak, D.; Davila, P.; Eichhorn, W.; Mentzell, E.; Ohl, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hadjimichael, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8289-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7793 AR 77930B DI 10.1117/12.862693 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BTP42 UT WOS:000287704700008 ER PT S AU Nowak, MD Cleveland, PE Cofie, E Crane, JA Davila, PS Eegholm, BH Hammond, RP Heaney, JB Hylan, JE Johnston, JD Ohl, RG Orndorff, JD Osgood, DL Redman, KW Sampler, HP Smee, SA Stock, JM Threat, FT Woodruff, RA Young, PJ AF Nowak, Maria D. Cleveland, Paul E. Cofie, Emmanuel Crane, J. Allen Davila, Pamela S. Eegholm, Bente H. Hammond, Randolph P. Heaney, James B. Hylan, Jason E. Johnston, John D. Ohl, Raymond G. Orndorff, Joseph D. Osgood, Dean L. Redman, Kevin W. Sampler, Henry P. Smee, Stephen A. Stock, Joseph M. Threat, Felix T. Woodruff, Robert A. Young, Philip J. BE Sasian, J Youngworth, RN TI Cryogenic performance of a high precision photogrammetry system for verification of the James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module and associated ground support equipment structural alignment requirements SO OPTICAL SYSTEM ALIGNMENT, TOLERANCING, AND VERIFICATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification IV CY AUG 01-02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE JWST; ISIM; photogrammetry; PG; cryogenic; laser tracker; metrology; uncertainty AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a general astrophysics mission which consists of a 6.6m diameter, segmented, deployable telescope for cryogenic IR space astronomy (similar to 35K). The JWST Observatory architecture includes the Optical Telescope Element and the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) element that contains four science instruments (SI) including a Guider. The alignment philosophy of ISIM is such that the cryogenic changes in the alignment of the SI interfaces are captured in the ISIM alignment error budget. The SIs are aligned to the structure's coordinate system under ambient, clean room conditions using laser tracker and theodolite metrology. The ISIM structure is thermally cycled and temperature-induced structural changes are concurrently measured with a photogrammetry metrology system to ensure they are within requirements. We compare the ISIM photogrammetry system performance to the ISIM metrology requirements and describe the cryogenic data acquired to verify photogrammetry system level requirements, including measurement uncertainty. The ISIM photogrammetry system is the baseline concept for future tests involving the Optical Telescope Element (OTE) and Observatory level testing at Johnson Space Flight Center. C1 [Nowak, Maria D.; Crane, J. Allen; Davila, Pamela S.; Hylan, Jason E.; Johnston, John D.; Ohl, Raymond G.; Sampler, Henry P.; Threat, Felix T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nowak, MD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8289-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7793 AR 77930A DI 10.1117/12.862595 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BTP42 UT WOS:000287704700007 ER PT S AU Carey, P Blakkolb, B AF Carey, Phil Blakkolb, Brian BE Straka, SA Carosso, N TI Contamination impact of Station Brush Fire on cleanroom facilities SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination: Effects, Measurements, and Control 2010 CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Cleanrooms; brushfire; smoke; ash; airborne contamination; airborne particulate contamination AB Brush and forest fires, both naturally occurring and anthropogenic in origin, in proximity to space flight hardware processing facilities raise concerns about the threat of contamination resulting from airborne particulate and molecular components of smoke. Perceptions of the severity of the threat are possibly heightened by the high sensitivity of the human sense of smell to some components present in the smoke of burning vegetation. On August 26th, 2009, a brushfire broke out north of Pasadena, California, two miles from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Station Fire destroyed over 160,000 acres, coming within a few hundred yards of JPL. Smoke concentrations on Lab were very heavy over several days. All Lab operations were halted, and measures were taken to protect personnel, critical hardware, and facilities. Evaluation of real-time cleanroom monitoring data, visual inspection of facilities, filter systems, and analysis of surface cleanliness samples revealed facility environments and hardware were minimally effected. Outside air quality easily exceeded Class Ten Million. Prefilters captured most large ash and soot; multi-stage filtration greatly minimized the impact on the HEPA/ULPA filters. Air quality in HEPA filtered spacecraft assembly cleanrooms remained within Class 10,000 specification throughout. Surface cleanliness was minimally affected, as large particles were effectively removed from the airstream, and sub-micron particles have extremely long settling rates. Approximate particulate fallout within facilities was 0.00011% area coverage/day compared to 0.00038% area coverage/day during normal operations. Deposition of condensable airborne components, as measured in real time, peaked at approximately 1.0 ng/cm(2)/day compared to 0.05 ng/cm(2)/day nominal. C1 [Carey, Phil; Blakkolb, Brian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Carey, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8290-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7794 AR 779408 DI 10.1117/12.860204 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTQ81 UT WOS:000287805000008 ER PT S AU Edwards, DL Burns, HD Xapsos, M Spann, J AF Edwards, David L. Burns, Howard D. Xapsos, Michael Spann, Jim BE Straka, SA Carosso, N TI Concepts for a NASA Applied Spaceflight Environments Office SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination: Effects, Measurements, and Control 2010 CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is launching a bold and ambitious new space initiative. A significant part of this new initiative includes exploration of new worlds, the development of more innovative technologies, and expansion our presence in the solar system. A common theme to this initiative is the exploration of space beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO). As currently organized, NASA does not have an Agency-level office that provides coordination of space environment research and development. This has contributed to the formation of a gap between spaceflight environments knowledge and the application of this knowledge for multi-program use. This paper outlines a concept to establish a NASA-level Applied Spaceflight Environments (ASE) office that will provide coordination and funding for sustained multi-program support in three technical areas that have demonstrated these needs through customer requests. These technical areas are natural environments characterization and modeling, materials and systems analysis and test, and operational space environments modeling and prediction. This paper will establish the need for the ASE, discuss a concept for organizational structure and outline the scope in the three technical areas. C1 [Edwards, David L.; Burns, Howard D.; Spann, Jim] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Edwards, DL (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code EV44, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8290-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7794 AR 77940N DI 10.1117/12.871178 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTQ81 UT WOS:000287805000019 ER PT S AU Margiotta, DV Peters, WC Straka, SA Rodriguez, M McKittrick, KR Jones, CB AF Margiotta, Danielle V. Peters, Wanda C. Straka, Sharon A. Rodriguez, Marcello McKittrick, Kristin R. Jones, Craig B. BE Straka, SA Carosso, N TI The Lotus coating for space exploration - A dust mitigation tool SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination: Effects, Measurements, and Control 2010 CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE dust; mitigation; contamination; coating; Lotus; nanotechnology; NASA; GSFC AB The "Lotus" dust mitigation coating is a new technology that is currently being developed and tested, at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), as a countermeasure for addressing dust accumulation issues for long-duration human space exploration. This coating sheds dust particles utilizing anti-contamination and self-cleaning properties that minimize dust accumulation on spacecraft surfaces. Shedding of dust particles is accomplished by reducing the surface energy and the amount of surface available for attachment. The Lotus coating is designed to preserve optimal long-term performance of critical spacecraft surfaces and systems, while minimizing and/or eliminating dust accumulation. NASA is exceedingly interested in simplistic and innovative ways to mitigate dust accumulation while minimizing the impact to spacecraft mass and power requirements. Preliminary research and development indicates that the Lotus Coating has the potential to be a viable passive tool for mitigating dust on: radiator surfaces, solar array panels, habitation airlock walls, mechanism shields, astronaut EVA suits, and astronaut visors exterior coating. C1 [Margiotta, Danielle V.; Peters, Wanda C.; Straka, Sharon A.; Rodriguez, Marcello] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Margiotta, DV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8290-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7794 AR 77940I DI 10.1117/12.864480 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTQ81 UT WOS:000287805000016 ER PT S AU Orellana, J Rivera, RB AF Orellana, Janet Rivera, Rachel B. BE Straka, SA Carosso, N TI Purge System for Landsat Data Continuity Mission and other Instruments in Contamination SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination: Effects, Measurements, and Control 2010 CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Contamination Control Engineering practices are performed on NASA satellite missions at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in order to control adverse effects of contamination on sensitive surfaces such as, optics, sensors, and thermal control surfaces. The primary goal of this research is to determine how inspection tools are used, and how their capabilities can be verified. The research was accomplished by investigating the following tools: the Dino-Lite hand held microscope; a video Borescope, a portable bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) scatterometer; and Contamination Field Kits, suitcases which carry the very tools for inspection and verification within them. A secondary goal is to further develop an existing purge suitcase for the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) instruments on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM). The purge suitcase is used as a contamination mitigation technique to keep the instruments dry and clean. C1 [Orellana, Janet; Rivera, Rachel B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Contaminat & Coatings Engn Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Orellana, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Contaminat & Coatings Engn Branch, Code 546, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8290-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7794 AR 77940E DI 10.1117/12.877193 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTQ81 UT WOS:000287805000012 ER PT S AU Rivera, RB Uhl, D Secunda, M AF Rivera, Rachel B. Uhl, Drew Secunda, Mark BE Straka, SA Carosso, N TI Lessons Learned for the NASA Mission Solar Dynamics Observatory SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination: Effects, Measurements, and Control 2010 CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SDO; contamination; cleanliness; purge; cleanroom; lessons learned; NVR AB As Observatories are designed, built, tested, and launched, they occasionally have unanticipated incidents which can impede the progress towards launch, or affect the final product of a satellite mission. These incidents have the potential to cause minor inconveniences, extra paperwork, schedule hits, extra analysis or in the worst case, performance degradation. The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) experienced various types of incidences in different phases of build and launch. The purpose of this study is to discuss the major contamination-related lessons learned during the design, production, testing, and launch of the Solar Dynamics Observatory to help future programs avoid similar incidents. C1 [Rivera, Rachel B.] NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rivera, RB (reprint author), NASA, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Rachel.B.Rivera@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8290-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7794 AR 779403 DI 10.1117/12.864479 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTQ81 UT WOS:000287805000004 ER PT S AU Straka, S Peters, W Hasegawa, M Novo-Gradac, K Wong, A AF Straka, Sharon Peters, Wanda Hasegawa, Mark Novo-Gradac, Kevin Wong, Alfred BE Straka, SA Carosso, N TI Development of Molecular Adsorber Coatings SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination: Effects, Measurements, and Control 2010 CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Molecular adsorber; thermal coating; contamination; adsorption; outgassing; materials AB As mission, satellite, and instrument performance requirements become more advanced, the need to control adverse on-orbit molecular contamination is more critical. Outgassed materials within the spacecraft have the potential to degrade performance of optical surfaces, thermal control surfaces, solar arrays, electronics, and detectors. One method for addressing the outgassing of materials is the use of molecular adsorbers. On Goddard Space Flight Center missions such as Hubble Space Telescope (HST), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and SWIFT, Zeolite-coated cordierite molecular adsorbers were successfully used to collect and retain outgassed molecular effluent emanating from spacecraft materials, protecting critical contamination sensitive surfaces. However, the major drawbacks of these puck type adsorbers are weight, size, and mounting hardware requirements, making them difficult to incorporate into spacecraft designs. To address these concerns, a novel molecular adsorber coating was developed to alleviate the size and weight issues while providing a configuration that more projects can utilize, particularly contamination sensitive instruments. This successful sprayable molecular adsorber coating system demonstrated five times the adsorption capacity of previously developed adsorber coating slurries. The molecular adsorber formulation was refined and a procedure for spray application was developed. Samples were spray coated and tested for capacity, thermal optical/radiative properties, coating adhesion, and thermal cycling. The tested formulation passes coating adhesion and vacuum thermal cycling tests between +140 and -115C. Thermal radiative properties are very promising. Work performed during this study indicates that the molecular adsorber formulation can be applied to aluminum, stainless steel, or other metal substrates that can accept silicate coatings. C1 [Straka, Sharon; Peters, Wanda; Hasegawa, Mark] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Straka, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8290-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7794 AR 77940C DI 10.1117/12.864483 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BTQ81 UT WOS:000287805000011 ER PT J AU Parenteau, MN Cady, SL AF Parenteau, Mary N. Cady, Sherry L. TI MICROBIAL BIOSIGNATURES IN IRON-MINERALIZED PHOTOTROPHIC MATS AT CHOCOLATE POTS HOT SPRINGS, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, UNITED STATES SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FE(II) OXIDATION; SILICA; DEPOSITION; GEOCHEMISTRY; FERRIHYDRITE; BACTERIA; GUNFLINT; WATERS; LIFE AB The origin of oxidized iron in Precambrian iron formations has been debated for decades. Direct paleontological evidence for a microbial role in iron oxidation has been sought in the biosignatures in these structures. This study documents how several biosignatures of phototrophic iron-oxidizing communities form in modern hydrothermal iron deposits. The microbes, primary minerals, microfossils, and stromatolitic biofabrics from Chocolate Pots hot springs in Yellowstone National Park were characterized across a range of spatial scales via various types of microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and total organic carbon elemental analyses. Electron microscopic examination of the cyanobacterial mats reveals the formation of distinct dendritic-like biofabrics. Early-stage iron-permineralized phototrophic microfossils display taxonomic features that allow identification to the genus level. Selected-area electron diffraction analysis indicates that cells were permineralized by iron oxides (2-line ferrihydrite). Although permineralization by silica is considered to result in fossils with the highest cellular fidelity, this investigation suggests that iron permineralization may also produce exceptionally well-preserved microfossils. Characterization of biosignatures in this modern high-iron thermal spring provides a unique opportunity to establish a link between (1) our previous physiological measurements of iron oxidation by a phototrophic community; (2) production of biosignatures by the community; and (3) survival of these biosignatures during the earliest stages of diagenesis in the iron oxides underneath the microbial mats. This fossil evidence linking taxonomy, physiology, and biosignatures may be used to infer the paleobiology and paleoecology of similar fossil benthic microbial communities and may provide a means to assess the microbial contribution to ancient iron deposits. C1 [Parenteau, Mary N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Cady, Sherry L.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Parenteau, MN (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. EM Mary.N.Parenteau@nasa.gov FU NASA Exobiology [NAG5-12328, NNG04-GJ84G]; NASA Oregon Space; NASA Planetary Biology Internship FX This work was supported by NASA Exobiology Grants NAG5-12328 and NNG04-GJ84G to SLC. Additional support was generously provided by a NASA Oregon Space Grant Graduate Fellowship and a NASA Planetary Biology Internship to MNP. The total organic carbon elemental analyses were supported by L.L. Jahnke and conducted at NASA Allies Research Center. Total station mapping of the hot springs was conducted with B.L. Beard and R.L. Poulson. We thank the National Park Service for allowing us to conduct research in Yellowstone National Park and R.C. Hugo and R.B. Perkins, Portland State University, for technical assistance. We also thank Beverly Pierson for helpful discussions and two anonymous reviewers for comments that strengthened the manuscript. NR 72 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 21 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.2110/palo.2008.p08-133r PG 15 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 549SC UT WOS:000274073600011 ER PT B AU Traub, WA Lawson, PR Unwin, SC Muterspaugh, MW Soummer, R Danchi, WC Hinz, P Gaudi, BS Torres, G Deming, D Lazio, J Dressler, A AF Traub, W. A. Lawson, P. R. Unwin, S. C. Muterspaugh, M. W. Soummer, R. Danchi, W. C. Hinz, P. Gaudi, B. S. Torres, G. Deming, D. Lazio, J. Dressler, A. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Exoplanets Forum 2008 SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB The Exoplanets Forum 2008 meeting led to a book Exoplanet Community Report with about 180 authors from the exoplanet community. This book describes eight technique-oriented methods for detecting and characterizing exoplanets, with an emphasis on space missions. The topics are astrometry, optical imaging, infrared imaging, exozodiacal disks, microlensing, radial velocity, transits, and magnetospheric emission. Several of these techniques have counterparts in proposed space mission studies carried out under the Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concept Studies (ASMCS) program in 2008-9, and the exoplanet-related Astro2010 studies in 2009. The Forum meeting, through the vehicle of its resulting book, provides a snapshot of the science and potential missions for exoplanets during this period, and as such should provide a relevant reference for several years to come. C1 [Traub, W. A.; Lawson, P. R.; Unwin, S. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 301-451,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Muterspaugh, M. W.] Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Soummer, R.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Danchi, W. C.; Deming, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hinz, P.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gaudi, B. S.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Torres, G.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lazio, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dressler, A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Pasadena, CA 94305 USA. RP Traub, WA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 301-451,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM wtraub@jpl.nasa.gov; Peter.R.Lawson@jpl.nasa.gov; soummer@stsci.edu; william.c.danchi@nasa.gov RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 21 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800003 ER PT B AU Barnes, R Jackson, B Greenberg, R Raymond, SN Heller, R AF Barnes, R. Jackson, B. Greenberg, R. Raymond, S. N. Heller, R. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Tidal Constraints on Planetary Habitability SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; IO; DISSIPATION; EXOPLANETS; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; EARTHS AB We review how tides may impact the habitability of terrestrial-like planets. If such planets form around low-mass stars, then planets in the circumstellar habitable zone will be close enough to their host stars to experience strong tidal forces. We discuss 1) decay of semi-major axis, 2) circularization of eccentric orbits, 3) evolution toward zero obliquity, 4) fixed rotation rates (not necessarily synchronous), and 5) internal heating. We briefly describe these effects using the example of a 0.25 M-circle dot star with a 10 M-circle dot companion. We suggest that the concept of a habitable zone should be modified to include the effects of tides. C1 [Barnes, R.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barnes, R.; Raymond, S. N.] Virtual Planetary Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jackson, B.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jackson, B.] NASA Postdoct Fellow, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Greenberg, R.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Raymond, S. N.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heller, R.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. RP Barnes, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rory@astro.washington.edu RI Ribas, Ignasi/M-2134-2014 OI Ribas, Ignasi/0000-0002-6689-0312 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 133 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800016 ER PT B AU Clampin, M AF Clampin, M. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Pathways towards Habitable Planets: JWST's Capabilities for Exoplanet Science SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observatoire Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET; ATMOSPHERE; METHANE AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a 6.5 meter cryogenic telescope scheduled to be launched in 2014. JWST has a complement of near-IR (1 mu m - 5 mu m) and mid-IR (5 mu m - 28 mu m) instruments that include modes suitable for detecting and characterizing exoplanets, and studying different stages of planetary system evolution. Direct imaging studies of young, self-luminous planets will be possible using coronagraphic imagers of the instruments. JWST's large collecting area will facilitate extensive characterization of the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Clampin, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM mark.clampin@nasa.gov RI Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 167 EP 174 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800021 ER PT B AU Danchi, WC Barry, RK Lopez, B Rinehart, SA Absil, O Augereau, JC Beust, H Bonfils, X Borde, P Defrere, D Kern, P Lawson, PR Leger, A Monin, JL Mourard, D Ollivier, M Petrov, R Traub, WA Unwin, SC Vakili, F AF Danchi, W. C. Barry, R. K. Lopez, B. Rinehart, S. A. Absil, O. Augereau, J. -C. Beust, H. Bonfils, X. Borde, P. Defrere, D. Kern, P. Lawson, P. R. Leger, A. Monin, J. -L. Mourard, D. Ollivier, M. Petrov, R. Traub, W. A. Unwin, S. C. Vakili, F. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Infrared Detection and Characterization of Debris Disks, Exozodiacal Dust, and Exoplanets: The FKSI Mission Concept SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID KELVIN-STELLAR-INTERFEROMETER; PLANETS; SPACE AB The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer (FKSI) is a mission concept for a nulling interferometer for the near-to-mid-infrared spectral region. FKSI is conceived as a mid-sized strategic or Probe class mission. FKSI has been endorsed by the Exoplanet Community Forum 2008 as such a mission and has been costed to be within the expected budget. The current design of FKSI is a two-element nulling interferometer. The two telescopes, separated by 12.5m, are precisely pointed (by small steering mirrors) on the target star. The two path lengths are accurately controlled to be the same to within a few nanometers. A phase shifter/beam combiner (Mach-Zehnder interferometer) produces an output beam consisting of the nulled sum of the target planet's light and the host star's light. When properly oriented, the starlight is nulled by a factor of 10(-4), and the planet light is undiminished. Accurate modeling of the signal is used to subtract the residual starlight, permitting the detection of planets much fainter than the host star. The current version of FKSI with 0.5-m apertures and waveband 3-8 mu m has the following main capabilities: (1) detect exozodiacal emission levels to that of our own solar system (Solar System Zodi) around nearby F, G, and K stars; (2) characterize spectroscopically the atmospheres of a large number of known non-transiting planets; (3) survey and characterize nearby stars for planets down to 2 R-circle plus from just inside the habitable zone and inward. An enhanced version of FKSI with 1-m apertures separated by 20 m and cooled to 40 K, with science waveband 5-15 mu m, allows for the detection and characterization of 2 R-circle plus super-Earths and smaller planets in the habitable zone around stars within about 30 pc. C1 [Danchi, W. C.; Barry, R. K.; Rinehart, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lopez, B.; Mourard, D.; Petrov, R.; Vakili, F.] Observ Cote Azur, Nice, France. [Augereau, J. -C.; Beust, H.; Bonfils, X.; Kern, P.; Monin, J. -L.] LAOG, St Matin, France. [Borde, P.; Leger, A.; Ollivier, M.] Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. [Absil, O.; Defrere, D.] Univ Liege, EKSI Consort, Liege, Belgium. [Lawson, P. R.; Traub, W. A.; Unwin, S. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Danchi, WC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM william.c.danchi@nasa.gov; Richard.K.Barry@nasa.gov; Stephen.A.Rinehart@nasa.gov; absil@astro.ulg.ac.be; defrere@astro.ulg.ac.be; Peter.R.Lawson@jpl.nasa.gov; Alain.Leger@ias.fr; marc.ollivier@ias.u-psud.fr; wtraub@jpl.nasa.gov OI Bonfils, Xavier/0000-0001-9003-8894 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 188 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800024 ER PT B AU Gehrz, RD Angerhausen, D Becklin, EE Greenhouse, MA Horner, S Krabbe, A Swain, MR Young, ET AF Gehrz, R. D. Angerhausen, D. Becklin, E. E. Greenhouse, M. A. Horner, S. Krabbe, A. Swain, M. R. Young, E. T. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI SOFIA: On the Pathway toward Habitable Worlds SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID WATER AB The U.S./German Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), a 2.5-meter infrared airborne telescope in a Boeing 747-SP, will conduct 0.3 - 1,600 mu m photometric, spectroscopic, and imaging observations from altitudes as high as 45,000 ft., where the average atmospheric transmission is greater than 80 percent. SOFIA's first light cameras and spectrometers, as well as future generations of instruments, will enable SOFIA to make unique contributions to the characterization of the physical properties of proto-planetary disks around young stellar objects and of the atmospheres of exoplanets that transit their parent stars. We describe several types of experiments that are being contemplated. C1 [Gehrz, R. D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Angerhausen, D.; Krabbe, A.] Univ Stuttgart, DSI, Stuttgart, Germany. [Becklin, E. E.; Young, E. T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Greenhouse, M. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt 20771, MD USA. [Horner, S.] Lockheed Martin, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. [Swain, M. R.] JPL, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gehrz, RD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM gehrz@astro.umn.edu; Mark.R.Swain@jpl.nasa.gov RI Ribas, Ignasi/M-2134-2014 OI Ribas, Ignasi/0000-0002-6689-0312 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 201 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800026 ER PT B AU Shao, M AF Shao, M. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI The SIM Lite Mission SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observatoire Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Shao, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM michael.shao@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 213 EP 218 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800028 ER PT B AU Traub, WA AF Traub, W. A. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Astrometric-Radial-Velocity and Coronagraph-Imaging Double-Blind Studies SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observatoire Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB I describe two double-blind studies regarding the detection of Earth-size exoplanets, as follows. (1) Can we successfully detect Earth-like planets around nearby stars, in multi-planet systems, with the combination of a space astrometric mission such as SIM Lite plus ground-based radial-velocity (RV) observations? This study is now complete, and the answer to the question is yes, Earth-like planets have been detected by multiple teams, in numerical simulations with realistic noise and other factors, subject to specific simplifying assumptions, with accuracies that are close to the theoretically-expected values. (2) Can Earth-like planets be detected and characterized with imaging coronagraphs, in the presence of realistic instrumental noise and astrophysical confusion from exozodiacal dust disks, and with the possible help of information from SIM Lite? This study is about to begin. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Traub, WA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 301-451,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM wtraub@jpl.nasa.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800033 ER PT B AU Enya, K Kotani, T Nakagawa, T Kataza, H Komatsu, K Uchida, H Haze, K Higuchi, S Miyata, T Sako, S Nakamura, T Yamashita, T Narita, N Tamura, M Nishikawa, J Hayano, H Oya, S Kokubo, E Itoh, Y Fukagawa, M Shibai, H Honda, M Baba, N Murakami, N Takami, M Matsuo, T Ida, S Abe, L Guyon, O Venet, M Yamamuro, T Bierden, P AF Enya, K. Kotani, T. Nakagawa, T. Kataza, H. Komatsu, K. Uchida, H. Haze, K. Higuchi, S. Miyata, T. Sako, S. Nakamura, T. Yamashita, T. Narita, N. Tamura, M. Nishikawa, J. Hayano, H. Oya, S. Kokubo, E. Itoh, Y. Fukagawa, M. Shibai, H. Honda, M. Baba, N. Murakami, N. Takami, M. Matsuo, T. Ida, S. Abe, L. Guyon, O. Venet, M. Yamamuro, T. Bierden, P. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI SPICA Coronagraph SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET; ATMOSPHERE; STAR AB We present the SPICA Coronagraph Instrument for the direct imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanets. The SPICA mission gives us a unique opportunity for high-contrast observations because of the large telescope aperture, the simple pupil shape, and the capability for infrared observations from space. The primary goal of this coronagraph is the direct detection and spectroscopy of Jovian exoplanets. The specifications, performance, and the design of the instrument are shown. The main wavelengths and the contrast required for the observations are 3.5 - 27 mu m, and 10(-6), respectively. We also show the progress of the development of key technology to realize this instrument. The non-coronagraphic mode of this instrument is potentially useful for characterization of inner planets via observation of planetary transit and Color Differential Astrometry(CDA). We expect the SPICA coronagraph will provide drastic progress for understanding various planetary systems by it's unique capability, mid will be a fruitful precursor for a future mission targeting terrestrial planets. C1 [Enya, K.; Kotani, T.; Nakagawa, T.; Kataza, H.; Komatsu, K.; Uchida, H.; Haze, K.; Higuchi, S.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Kanagawa, Japan. [Haze, K.] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Dept Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Higuchi, S.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Miyata, T.; Sako, S.; Nakamura, T.] Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Astron Inst, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Yamashita, T.; Narita, N.; Tamura, M.; Nishikawa, J.; Hayano, H.; Oya, S.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Itoh, Y.] Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Fukagawa, M.; Shibai, H.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Honda, M.] Kanagawa Univ, Dept Informat Sci, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 2591293, Japan. [Baba, N.; Murakami, N.] Hokkaido Univ, Div Appl Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. [Takami, M.] Acad Sci, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Matsuo, T.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ida, S.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Abe, L.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Lab AH Fizeau, F-06108 Nice 02, France. [Guyon, O.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Venet, M.] Pole lEtoile Site Chateau Gombert 38, Astron Observ Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Yamamuro, T.; Bierden, P.] Optcraft Corp, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2291104, Japan. RP Enya, K (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Kanagawa, Japan. EM enya@ir.isas.jaxa.jp; tkotani@ir.isas.jaxa.jp; nakagawa@ir.isas.jaxa.jp; haze@ir.isas.jaxa.jp; higuchi@ir.tsas.jaxa.jp; norio.narita@nao.ac.jp; motohide.tamura@nao.ac.jp; jun.nishikawa@nao.ac.jp; misato@iral.ess.osaka-u.ac.jp; shibai@ess.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp; nmurakami@eng.hokudai.ac.jp; Taro.Matsuo@jpl.nasa.gov; guyon@naoj.org RI Ribas, Ignasi/M-2134-2014 OI Ribas, Ignasi/0000-0002-6689-0312 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 284 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800039 ER PT B AU Absil, O Eiroa, C Augereau, JC Beichman, CA Danchi, WC Defrere, D Fridlund, M Roberge, A AF Absil, O. Eiroa, C. Augereau, J-C Beichman, C. A. Danchi, W. C. Defrere, D. Fridlund, M. Roberge, A. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Do we Need to Solve the Exozodi Question? If Yes, How to Best Solve It? SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID DEBRIS DISKS; DUST; SYSTEM; STARS AB When observing an extrasolar planetary system, the most luminous component after the star itself is generally the light scattered and/or thermally emitted by a population of micron-sized dust grains. These grains are expected to be continuously replenished by the collisions and evaporation of larger bodies just as in our solar zodiacal cloud. Exozodiacal clouds ("exozodis") must therefore be seriously taken into account when attempting to directly image faint Earth-like planets (exoEarths, for short). This paper summarizes the oral contributions and discussions that took place during the Satellite Meeting on exozodiacal dust disks, in an attempt to address the following two questions: Do we need to solve the exozodi question? If yes, how to best solve it? C1 [Absil, O.; Defrere, D.] Univ Liege, Dept AGO, 17 Allee Six Aout, Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. [Eiroa, C.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Augereau, J-C] Univ Joseph Fourier, CNRS, LAOG UMR 5571, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Beichman, C. A.] CALTECH, NExScI, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Danchi, W. C.; Roberge, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fridlund, M.] European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Absil, O (reprint author), Univ Liege, Dept AGO, 17 Allee Six Aout, Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. EM absil@astro.ulg.ac.be; carlos.eiroa@uam.es; chas@pop.jpl.nasa.gov; william.c.danchi@nasa.gov; defrere@astro.ulg.ac.be; malcolm.fridlund@esa.int; Aki.Roberge@nasa.gov RI Roberge, Aki/D-2782-2012 OI Roberge, Aki/0000-0002-2989-3725 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 293 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800040 ER PT B AU Ribas, I Malbet, F AF Ribas, I. Malbet, F. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Designating Habitable Planets for Follow-up Study - What are the Relative Parameter Spaces of Radial Velocities and Astrometry? SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID STARS AB In this contribution we summarize the satellite meeting (P2 panel) held at the "Pathways towards Habitable Planets" conference about the complementarity of two techniques, namely astrometry and radial velocities, to detect telluric planets in the habitable zone of solar type stars. This question has a direct impact on the future possibility of launching a characterization mission with the aim of detecting bio-signatures of Earth-like planets. Beyond the level of instrumental noise, the main issue is how to cope with the intrinsic stellar variability due to magnetic activity (i.e., starspots). C1 [Ribas, I.] Inst Ciencies Espai CSIC IEEC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain. [Malbet, F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Malbet, F.] Univ Grenoble J Fourier, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, Grenoble, France. RP Ribas, I (reprint author), Inst Ciencies Espai CSIC IEEC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain. EM iribas@ieec.uab.es; Fabien.Malbet@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr RI Ribas, Ignasi/M-2134-2014 OI Ribas, Ignasi/0000-0002-6689-0312 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 302 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800042 ER PT B AU Postman, M Traub, WA Krist, J Stapelfeldt, K Brown, R Oegerle, W Lo, A Clampin, M Soummer, R Wiseman, J Mountain, M AF Postman, M. Traub, W. A. Krist, J. Stapelfeldt, K. Brown, R. Oegerle, W. Lo, A. Clampin, M. Soummer, R. Wiseman, J. Mountain, M. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST): Characterizing Habitable Worlds SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID EXTRASOLAR TERRESTRIAL PLANETS AB The Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) is a set of mission concepts for the next generation UV-Optical-Near Infrared space telescope with an aperture size of 8 to 16 meters. ATLAST, using an internal coronagraph or an external occulter, can characterize the atmosphere and surface of an Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone of long-lived stars at distances up to similar to 45 pc, including its rotation rate, climate, and habitability. ATLAST will also allow us to glean information on the nature of the dominant surface features, changes in cloud cover and climate, and, potentially, seasonal variations in surface vegetation. ATLAST will be able to visit up to 200 stars in 5 years, at least three times each, depending on the technique used for starlight suppression and the telescope aperture. More frequent visits can be made for interesting systems. C1 [Postman, M.; Brown, R.; Soummer, R.; Mountain, M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Traub, W. A.; Krist, J.; Stapelfeldt, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Oegerle, W.; Clampin, M.; Wiseman, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lo, A.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Postman, M (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM postman@stsci.edu; wtraub@jpl.nasa.gov; amy.lo@ngc.com; mark.clampin@nasa.gov; soummer@stsci.edu RI Oegerle, William/C-9070-2012; Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012; Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 361 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800050 ER PT B AU Shao, M Levine, BM AF Shao, M. Levine, B. M. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Dilute Aperture Visible Nulling Coronagraphic Imager (DAViNCI) SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observatoire Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet C1 [Shao, M.; Levine, B. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Shao, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 368 EP 374 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800051 ER PT B AU Trauger, J Stapelfeldt, K Traub, WA Krist, J Moody, D Serabyn, E Mawet, D Pueyo, L Shaklan, S Henry, C Park, P Gappinger, R Brugarolas, P Alexander, J Mireles, V Dawson, O Guyon, O Kasdin, J Vanderbei, B Spergel, D Belikov, R Marcy, G Brown, R Schneider, J Woodgate, B Matthews, G Egerman, R Voyer, P Vallone, P Elias, J Conturie, Y Polidan, R Lillie, C Spittler, C Lee, D Hejal, R Bronowick, A Saldivar, N Ealey, M Price, T AF Trauger, J. Stapelfeldt, K. Traub, W. A. Krist, J. Moody, D. Serabyn, E. Mawet, D. Pueyo, L. Shaklan, S. Henry, C. Park, P. Gappinger, R. Brugarolas, P. Alexander, J. Mireles, V. Dawson, O. Guyon, O. Kasdin, J. Vanderbei, B. Spergel, D. Belikov, R. Marcy, G. Brown, R. Schneider, J. Woodgate, B. Matthews, G. Egerman, R. Voyer, P. Vallone, P. Elias, J. Conturie, Y. Polidan, R. Lillie, C. Spittler, C. Lee, D. Hejal, R. Bronowick, A. Saldivar, N. Ealey, M. Price, T. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI ACCESS: A Concept Study for the Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of Exoplanetary Systems SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID CORONAGRAPH AB ACCESS is one of four medium-class mission concepts selected for study in 2008/9 by NASA's Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concepts Study program. In a nutshell, ACCESS evaluates a space telescope designed for extreme high-contrast imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanetary systems. An actively-corrected coronagraph is used to suppress the glare of diffracted and scattered starlight to the levels required for exoplanet imaging. The ACCESS study asks: What is the most capable medium-class coronagraphic mission that is possible with telescope, instrument, and spacecraft technologies available today? C1 [Trauger, J.; Stapelfeldt, K.; Traub, W. A.; Krist, J.; Moody, D.; Serabyn, E.; Mawet, D.; Pueyo, L.; Shaklan, S.; Henry, C.; Park, P.; Gappinger, R.; Brugarolas, P.; Alexander, J.; Mireles, V.; Dawson, O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Guyon, O.] Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Guyon, O.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kasdin, J.; Vanderbei, B.; Spergel, D.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Belikov, R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Marcy, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, R.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schneider, J.] Paris Observ, Meudon, France. [Woodgate, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Matthews, G.; Egerman, R.; Voyer, P.; Vallone, P.; Elias, J.; Conturie, Y.] ITT, Div Space Syst, Rochester, NY 14650 USA. [Polidan, R.; Lillie, C.; Spittler, C.; Lee, D.; Hejal, R.; Bronowick, A.; Saldivar, N.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Ealey, M.; Price, T.] Northrop Grumman Xinetics, Fort Devens, MA 01434 USA. RP Trauger, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Woodgate, Bruce/D-2970-2012; Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 375 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800052 ER PT B AU Clampin, M Lyon, RG AF Clampin, M. Lyon, R. G. CA EPIC Sci Team BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI The ExtraSolar Planetary Imaging Coronagraph SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observatoire Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB The Extrasolar Planetary Imaging Coronagraph (EPIC) is a 1.65-m telescope employing a visible nulling coronagraph (VNC) to deliver high-contrast images of extrasolar system architectures. EPIC will survey the architectures of exosolar systems, and investigate the physical nature of planets in these solar systems. EPIC will employ a Visible Nulling Coronagraph (VNC), featuring an inner working angle of <= 2 lambda/D, and offers the ideal balance between performance and feasibility of implementation, while not sacrificing science return. The VNC does not demand unrealistic thermal stability from its telescope optics, achieving its primary mirror surface figure requires no new technology, and pointing stability is within state of the art. The EPIC mission will be launched into a drift-away orbit with a five-year mission lifetime. C1 [Clampin, M.; Lyon, R. G.; EPIC Sci Team] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Clampin, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD USA. RI Lyon, Richard/D-5022-2012; Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 383 EP 389 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800053 ER PT B AU Guyon, O Greene, T Cahoy, K Shaklan, S Tenerelli, D AF Guyon, O. Greene, T. Cahoy, K. Shaklan, S. Tenerelli, D. CA PECO Team BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI The Pupil Mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer (PECO) SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID INDUCED AMPLITUDE APODIZATION; PRINCIPLE AB The Pupil-mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer (PECO) is a mission concept using a coronagraphic 1.4-m space-based telescope to both image and characterize extra-solar planetary systems at optical wavelengths. PECO delivers 10(10) contrast at 2 lambda/D separation (0.15 '') using a high-performance Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph which remaps the telescope pupil and uses nearly all of the light coming into the aperture. PECO's heliocentric drift-away orbit provides a stable thermal environment for wavefront control. PECO acquires narrow field images simultaneously in 16 spectral bands over wavelengths from 0.4 to 0.9 mu m, utilizing all available photons for maximum wavefront sensing and sensitivity for imaging and spectroscopy. The optical design is optimized for simultaneous low-resolution spectral characterization of both planets and dust disks using a moderate-sized telescope. PECO will image the habitable zones of about 20 known F, G, K stars at a spectral resolution of R similar to 15 with sensitivity sufficient to detect and characterize Earth-like planets and to map dust disks as small as a fraction of our own zodiacal dust cloud brightness. An active technology development program, including coronagraph and wavefront control laboratory demonstrations at NASA Ames and NASA JPL, is currently addressing key technology needs for PECO. C1 [Guyon, O.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Guyon, O.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Greene, T.; Cahoy, K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Shaklan, S.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tenerelli, D.] Lockheed Martin Space Corp, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. RP Guyon, O (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 390 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800054 ER PT B AU Barry, RK Danchi, WC Lopez, B Rinehart, SA Absil, O Augereau, JC Beust, H Bonfils, X Borde, P Defrere, D Kern, P Leger, A Monin, JL Mourard, D Ollivier, M Petrov, R Vakili, F AF Barry, R. K. Danchi, W. C. Lopez, B. Rinehart, S. A. Absil, O. Augereau, J. -C. Beust, H. Bonfils, X. Borde, P. Defrere, D. Kern, P. Leger, A. Monin, J. -L. Mourard, D. Ollivier, M. Petrov, R. Vakili, F. CA FKSI Consortium BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer: Exploring Exoplanetary Systems with an Infrared Probe-class Mission SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID PLANETS AB We report results of a recent engineering study of an enhanced version of the Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer (FKSI) that includes 1-m diameter primary mirrors, a 20-m baseline, a sun shield with a +/- 45 degrees Field-of-Regard (FoR), and 40K operating temperature. The enhanced FKSI is a two-element milling interferometer operating in the mid-infrared (e.g. similar to 5-15 mu m) designed to measure exozodiacal debris disks around nearby stars with a sensitivity better than one solar system zodi (SSZ) and to characterize the atmospheres of a large sample of known exoplanets. The modifications to the original FKSI design also allows observations of the atmospheres of many super-Earths an a few Earth twins using a combination of spatial modulation and spectral analysis. C1 [Barry, R. K.; Danchi, W. C.; Rinehart, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lopez, B.; Mourard, D.; Petrov, R.; Vakili, F.] Observ Cote Azur, F-6023 Nice, France. [Absil, O.; Defrere, D.] Univ Liege, FKSI Consortium, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Augereau, J. -C.; Beust, H.; Bonfils, X.; Kern, P.; Monin, J. -L.] LAOG, Grenoble, France. [Borde, P.; Leger, A.; Ollivier, M.] Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. RP Barry, RK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. OI Bonfils, Xavier/0000-0001-9003-8894 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 403 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800057 ER PT B AU Goullioud, R AF Goullioud, R. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI SIM Lite Instrument Description, Operation, and Performance SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observatoire Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB The SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory, a space-borne mission to be located in a solar Earth-trailing orbit, will conduct high precision differential astrometry (Marr, Shao & Goullioud 2008). During the 5-year mission, SIM Lite will search about 60 nearby Sun-like stars for exoplanets of mass down to one Earth mass, in the habitable zone of those stars. In addition, SIM Lite will survey the architecture of planetary systems of about 1000 stars of all ages and types. SIM Lite will also build a 4 micro-arc second astrometric grid and perform global astrometry on a variety of astrophysical objects (Unwin et al. 2008). The instrument consists of two Michelson stellar interferometers and a precision telescope. The science interferometer is composed of two 50 cm collectors separated by a 6 meter baseline. The technology development was completed in 2005 (Laskin 2006). The mission is now ready for full flight implementation. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Goullioud, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM renaud.goullioud@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 450 EP 452 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800079 ER PT B AU Greene, T Belikov, R Connelley, M Guyon, O Lynch, D McKelvey, M Pluzhnik, E Witteborn, F AF Greene, T. Belikov, R. Connelley, M. Guyon, O. Lynch, D. McKelvey, M. Pluzhnik, E. Witteborn, F. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Testing PIAA Coronagraphs at NASA Ames SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID INDUCED AMPLITUDE APODIZATION AB We report on our tests of phase induced amplitude apodization (PIAA) coronagraphs in a new laboratory at NASA Ames. This laboratory is operated in a highly stabilized air environment, and it complements existing efforts at NASA,IPL's high contrast imaging testbed. At the time of writing, we are operating a refractive PIAA system and have achieved imaging contrast of 7 x 10(-8) in a dark zone from 2.0 to 4.8 lambda/D from an artificial star. We are also directing L3 Tinsley Laboratories in the fabrication of a next generation polychromatic PIAA coronagraph mirror set. C1 [Greene, T.; Belikov, R.; Connelley, M.; Lynch, D.; McKelvey, M.; Pluzhnik, E.; Witteborn, F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Guyon, O.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Greene, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM tom.greene@nasa.gov; guyon@naoj.org NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 453 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800080 ER PT B AU Kane, SR Mahadevan, S von Braun, K Laughlin, G Howard, A Ciardi, DR AF Kane, S. R. Mahadevan, S. von Braun, K. Laughlin, G. Howard, A. Ciardi, D. R. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI First Results from the Transit Ephemeris Refinement and Monitoring Survey (TERMS) SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB Transiting planet discoveries have yielded a plethora of information towards understanding the structure and atmospheres of extra-solar planets. These discoveries have been restricted to the short-period or low-periastron distance regimes due to the bias inherent in the geometric transit probability. Through the refinement of planetary orbital parmaters, and hence reducing the size of transit windows, long-period planets become feasible targets for photometric follow-up. Here we describe the TERMS project which is monitoring these host stars at predicted transit times. C1 [Kane, S. R.; von Braun, K.; Ciardi, D. R.] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mahadevan, S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mahadevan, S.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Laughlin, G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Howard, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kane, SR (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM skane@ipac.caltech.edu; suvrath@astro.ufl.edu; kaspar@caltech.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 464 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800085 ER PT B AU Lyon, RG Clampin, M Woodruff, RA Vasudevan, G Thompson, P Petrone, P Madison, T Rizzo, M Melnick, G Tolls, V AF Lyon, R. G. Clampin, M. Woodruff, R. A. Vasudevan, G. Thompson, P. Petrone, P. Madison, T. Rizzo, M. Melnick, G. Tolls, V. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Visible Nulling Coronagraph Progress Report SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB We report on recent laboratory results with the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Visible Nulling Coronagraph (VNC) testbed. We have achieved focal plane contrasts of 10(8) and approaching 10(9) at inner working angles of 2 lambda/D and 4 lambda/D, respectively. Results were obtained with a broadband source and 40 nm filter centered on 630 nm. A null control breadboard (NCB) was also developed to assess and quantify MEMS based deformable mirror technology (DM), and to develop and assess closed-loop null control algorithms. We have demonstrated closed-loop performance at 27 Hz. C1 [Lyon, R. G.; Clampin, M.; Thompson, P.; Madison, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Woodruff, R. A.; Vasudevan, G.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Thompson, P.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Rizzo, M.] Inst Super Aeronautique Espace, Toulouse, France. [Melnick, G.; Tolls, V.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lyon, RG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Richard.G.Lyon@nasa.gov; mark.clampin@nasa.gov RI Lyon, Richard/D-5022-2012; Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 485 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800093 ER PT B AU Malbet, F Catanzarite, J Shao, M Zhai, C AF Malbet, F. Catanzarite, J. Shao, M. Zhai, C. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Checking Stability of Planet Orbits in Multiple-planet Systems SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB The SIM Lite mission will undertake several planet surveys. One of them, the Deep Planet Survey, is designed to detect Earth-mass exoplanets in the habitable zones of nearby main sequence stars. A double blind study has been conducted to assess the capability of SIM to detect such small planets in a multi-planet system where several giant planets might be present. One of the tools which helped in deciding if the detected planets were real was an orbit integrator using the publicly available HNBody code so that the orbit solutions could be analyzed in terms of temporal stability over many orbits. In this contribution, we describe the implementation of this integrator and analyze the different blind test solutions. We also discuss the usefulness of this method given that some planets might be not detected, but still affect the overall stability of the system. C1 [Malbet, F.] Univ Grenoble, J Fourier CNRS, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, BP 53, Grenoble, France. [Catanzarite, J.; Shao, M.; Zhai, C.] Jet Prop Lab, California Inst Technol, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Malbet, F (reprint author), Univ Grenoble, J Fourier CNRS, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, BP 53, Grenoble, France. EM Fabien.Malbet@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr; Joseph.H.Catanzarite@jpl.nasa.gov; michael.shao@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 488 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800094 ER PT B AU Martin, SR Scharf, DP Wirz, R Purcell, G Rodriguez, J AF Martin, S. R. Scharf, D. P. Wirz, R. Purcell, G. Rodriguez, J. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI A Mid-infrared Space Observatory for Characterizing Exoplanets SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observatoire Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB The TPF-Darwin planet-finding concept is a space-based mid-IR nulling interferometer consisting of four formation flying reflecting mirrors focusing light into a separate beam combiner spacecraft. As a flagship mission it is a highly capable instrument with the principal science goal of detecting Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of nearby stars (up to 15 parsec) from their thermal emission, and characterizing their physical properties. Measurements can be made of the size, temperature, orbit, and of the presence of an atmosphere with moderate resolution (R = 50) spectra to reveal bio-markers such as ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. The sensitivity is such that a whole planetary system clown to half Earth-size planets can be detected in a single day and in a five-year mission life, revisits and repeat detections would reveal the system dynamics. For the most interesting objects, longer measurement series would reveal the detailed thermal spectrum; these measurements would take place in the later part of the mission. The system also has a general astrophysics capability for investigations of distant compact objects and the mission timeline provides ample opportunities for such observations. The mission would use a single heavy launch vehicle to place the system at L2 Sun-Earth halo orbit. This poster shows the main mission elements, the spacecraft design and formation flying, and xenon-ion thruster technologies. Many of the ideas have been developed with European colleagues and the mission has potential to be a collaborative effort between the US and European space agencies. C1 [Martin, S. R.; Scharf, D. P.; Wirz, R.; Purcell, G.; Rodriguez, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Martin, SR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM stefan.r.martin@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 493 EP 496 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800096 ER PT B AU Matsuo, T Traub, WA Tamura, M Makoto, H AF Matsuo, T. Traub, W. A. Tamura, M. Makoto, H. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Spectral Imaging with Nulling Interferometer SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB Various methods of synthesis imaging with nulling interferometers have been proposed. These methods are based on the principle that brightness distribution in the sky is reconstructed through Fourier transformation of complex visibility. Here, we present a novel imaging interferometry technique for direct detection of exoplanets. According to this new method, only two measurements of the complex visibility are required for reconstruction of the sky. Spectra of the planets can be also estimated from information on their positions and the complex visibilities, its number corresponding to the number of the planets. This paper shows the theory of this new imaging method. C1 [Matsuo, T.; Tamura, M.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Matsuo, T.; Traub, W. A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Makoto, H.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. RP Matsuo, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM Taro.Matsuo@jpl.nasa.gov; wtraub@jpl.nasa.gov; motohide.tamura@nao.ac.jp RI Ribas, Ignasi/M-2134-2014 OI Ribas, Ignasi/0000-0002-6689-0312 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 499 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800098 ER PT B AU Matsuo, T Traub, WA Tamura, M Makoto, H AF Matsuo, T. Traub, W. A. Tamura, M. Makoto, H. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Multiple Aperture Imaging and its Application to Exo-Earth Imager SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB We present a new concept for the Exo-Earth Imager. According to this concept, only two apertures (millers) allow us to take a spatially resolved image of an exo-Earth. This concept can be also applied to classical interferometers. C1 [Matsuo, T.; Tamura, M.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Matsuo, T.; Traub, W. A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Makoto, H.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. RP Matsuo, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM Taro.Matsuo@jpl.nasa.gov; wtraub@jpl.nasa.gov; motohide.tamura@nao.ac.jp RI Ribas, Ignasi/M-2134-2014 OI Ribas, Ignasi/0000-0002-6689-0312 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 501 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800099 ER PT B AU Rinehart, SA AF Rinehart, S. A. CA BETTII Team BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI The Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observatoire Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB Astronomical studies at infrared wavelengths have dramatically improved our understanding of the universe, and Herschel and SOFIA will continue to provide exciting new discoveries. However, the relatively low angular resolution of these missions limits our ability to answer key science questions. Interferometry enables high angular resolution at long wavelengths - a powerful tool for scientific discovery. We will build the Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry (BETTII), and eight-meter baseline Michelson stellar interferometer to fly on a high-altitude balloon. BETTII, using a double-Fourier technique, will simultaneously obtain spatial and spectral information. Further, BETTII will serve as a technological pathfinder for future space-based interferometers such as FKSI, TPF-I, and Darwin. C1 [Rinehart, S. A.; BETTII Team] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rinehart, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Stephen.A.Rinehart@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 524 EP 525 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800109 ER PT B AU Schuller, PA Lawson, PR Lay, OP Leger, A Martin, SR AF Schuller, P. A. Lawson, P. R. Lay, O. P. Leger, A. Martin, S. R. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI US and European Technology Roadmap for a Mid-infrared Space Interferometer SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB Studies of mid-infrared space interferometer concepts in the USA and in Europe have converged on a single architecture. We address the question of how the US and European communities could collaborate to advance technology efforts leading to a future space mission. We present the current state of the art in nulling interferometry, as demonstrated at ambient temperature and pressure in the lab, and outline required steps to demonstrate its performance under space conditions. Design studies of a cryogenic optical test bench under vacuum have already been carried out. We highlight pre-conditions and constraints of a collaborative effort, foreseeable practical and administrative challenges, and possible strategies to meet those challenges. C1 [Schuller, P. A.; Leger, A.] Univ Paris 11, IAS, Bat 121, Orsay, France. [Lawson, P. R.; Lay, O. P.; Martin, S. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Schuller, PA (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, IAS, Bat 121, Orsay, France. EM peter.schuller@ias.u-psud.fr; Peter.R.Lawson@jpl.nasa.gov; Alain.Leger@ias.fr; stefan.r.martin@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 536 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800115 ER PT J AU Booth-Morrison, C Zhou, Y Noebe, RD Seidman, DN AF Booth-Morrison, Christopher Zhou, Yang Noebe, Ronald D. Seidman, David N. TI On the nanometer scale phase separation of a low-supersaturation Ni-Al-Cr alloy SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE nickel-based superalloy; phase decomposition; atom probe tomography; temporal evolution; nanostructure ID 3-DIMENSIONAL ATOM-PROBE; OSTWALD RIPENING THEORIES; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION; NONUNIFORM SYSTEM; FREE ENERGY; MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; COARSENING KINETICS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS AB The phase separation of a Ni-6.5 Al-9.5 Cr at. % alloy aged at 873 K was studied by atom-probe tomography and compared to the predictions of classical precipitation models. Phase separation in this alloy occurs in four distinct regimes: (i) quasi-stationary-state gamma'(L1(2))-precipitate nucleation; (ii) concomitant precipitate nucleation, growth and coagulation and coalescence; (iii) concurrent growth and coarsening, wherein coarsening occurs via both gamma'-precipitate coagulation and coalescence and by the classical evaporation-condensation mechanism; and (iv) quasi-stationary-state coarsening of gamma'-precipitates, once the equilibrium volume fraction of precipitates is achieved. The predictions of classical nucleation and growth models are not validated experimentally, likely due to the complexity of the atomistic kinetic pathways involved in precipitation. During coarsening, the temporal evolution of the gamma'-precipitate average radius, number density and the gamma(fcc)-matrix and gamma'-precipitate supersaturations follow the predictions of classical models. C1 [Booth-Morrison, Christopher; Zhou, Yang; Seidman, David N.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Noebe, Ronald D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Seidman, David N.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Atom Probe Tomog NUCAPT, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Seidman, DN (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM d-seidman@northwestern.edu RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-080461]; NSF-MRI [DMR 0420532]; ONR-DURIP [N00014-0400798, N00014-0610539] FX This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation under grant DMR-080461, Dr. H. Chopra, grant officer. APT measurements were performed at the Northwestern University Center for Atom Probe Tomography (NUCAPT). The LEAP tomograph was purchased and upgraded with funding from the NSF-MRI (DMR 0420532, Dr. C. Bouldin, grant officer) and ONR-DURIP (N00014-0400798 and N00014-0610539, Dr. J. Christodoulou, grant officer). We extend our gratitude to Dr. C. Campbell of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Metallurgy Division, (Gaithersburg, MD) for diffusivity calculations and to Dr. D. Isheim for managing NUCAPT, and for discussions of our results. We thank Prof G. B. Olson and Dr. H.-J. Jou of QuesTek LLC (Evanston, IL) for use of PrecipiCalc. NR 77 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2010 VL 90 IS 1-4 BP 219 EP 235 DI 10.1080/14786430902806660 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 556FX UT WOS:000274576500015 ER PT J AU Milliken, RE Bish, DL AF Milliken, Ralph E. Bish, David L. TI Sources and sinks of clay minerals on Mars SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE Mars; clays; infrared spectroscopy; sediment transport ID HEMISPHERIC DICHOTOMY; MAWRTH-VALLIS; ORIGIN; BASIN; PHYLLOSILICATES; ENVIRONMENTS; EVOLUTION; DEPOSITS; HISTORY; CRATER AB The recent identification of clay minerals on the Martian surface using visible-near infrared reflectance spectroscopy has had a profound effect on our view of aqueous alteration on Mars. Smectite, chlorite, kaolin group, and serpentine group minerals have been detected using the CRISM and OMEGA spectrometers, with Fe/Mg-smectite and chlorite varieties being the dominant types discovered throughout the ancient crust. Aqueous, eolian, and impact processes have transported and recycled some of these clays such that their current locations may not accurately reflect their formation environments. However, detrital clays could prove useful for constraining transport pathways and sediment provenance. Here we discuss the impact craters and channels that comprise the Uzboi-Ladon-Morava system, including Holden, Eberswalde, and Ladon craters, which represents a large-scale sediment sink for clay minerals derived from the surrounding Noachian crust. This system contains thick deposits of clay mineral-bearing strata that likely record a wide range of alluvial, fluvial, lacustrine, and eolian processes that provide direct insight into the Martian clay cycle. Broad concepts of sediment sources, sinks, and sediment transport paths can be outlined using orbital data, but future in situ exploration of the Martian sedimentary rock record will be necessary to distinguish fully between detrital and authigenic clay minerals, and thus to determine environmental conditions and transitions on ancient Mars. C1 [Milliken, Ralph E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bish, David L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Milliken, RE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-301,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ralph.milliken@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 38 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2010 VL 90 IS 17-18 BP 2293 EP 2308 AR PII 921040950 DI 10.1080/14786430903575132 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 602UE UT WOS:000278163500002 ER PT J AU Bonaccorsi, R McKay, CP Chen, B AF Bonaccorsi, Rosalba McKay, Christopher P. Chen, Bin TI Biomass and habitability potential of clay minerals- and iron-rich environments: Testing novel analogs for Mars Science Laboratory landing sites candidates SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE phyllosilicates; Mars Science Laboratory; Gram-negative biomass; organic biosignatures ID ORGANIC-MATTER; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ATACAMA DESERT; RIO TINTO; SOILS; PRESERVATION; OXIDATION; DEPOSITS; LIFE; MICROORGANISMS AB The landing site of the next mission to Mars (the US 2011 Mars Science Laboratory) will include phyllosilicate outcrops as targets for investigating the geological and biological history of the planet. In this context, we present a preliminary study assessing the living biomass and habitability potential in mineralogical Mars analogs by means of multi-component investigations (X-ray diffraction, microRaman spectroscopy and SEM\EDX). Phyllosilicate and hematite-rich deposits from the Atacama Desert (Chile), Death Valley (CA), and the California Coast, encompassing a broad arid to hyper-arid climate range (annual rainfall 0.2 to 700 mm/year), were analyzed for total and viable Gram-negative biomass, i.e. adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assays. Basic observations were: (1) there is no systematic pattern in biomass content of clay-rich versus non-clay (oxidized) materials; (2) Atacama desiccation polygons (6.0 x 104 cells/g) and contiguous hematite-rich deposits contain the lowest biomass (1.2 x 105 cells/g), which is even lower than that of coarse-grained soil nearby (3.3-5.0 x 105 cells/g); (3) the Atacama clay-rich samples (illite-muscovite and kaolinite) are three orders of magnitude lower than surface clay (montmorillonite, illite, and chlorite) from Death Valley; and (4) finally, and unexpectedly, the Gram-negative content (6.4 x 107 cells/g) of clay mineral-rich materials from the arid Death Valley region is up to six times higher than that (1.5 to 3.0 x 107 cells/g) of water-saturated massive clays (kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite) from the California Coast (wetter end-member). MicroRaman spectroscopy investigation on a Death Valley sample indicates that gypsum (1008, 618, and 414 cm-1 Raman shift), and inferred associated organic (scytonemin) biosignatures (1281 cm-1) for the measured Gram-negatives (cyanobacteria) were successfully captured. C1 [Bonaccorsi, Rosalba; McKay, Christopher P.; Chen, Bin] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bonaccorsi, Rosalba] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Chen, Bin] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bonaccorsi, Rosalba; Chen, Bin] NASA Ames, Adv Studies Labs, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bonaccorsi, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM rosalba.bonaccorsi-1@nasa.gov FU NASA FX We thank Stephen B. Robie (EAG), John Noble for graphics development and Carrie Chavez for editorial assistance. We also thank an anonymous referee for helpful comments and assistance with interpretation of clay minerals data. This research has been partially funded by the NASA Planetary Protection Program. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2010 VL 90 IS 17-18 BP 2309 EP 2327 AR PII 922579260 DI 10.1080/14786435.2010.486374 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 602UE UT WOS:000278163500003 ER PT J AU Mendelev, MI Kramer, MJ Ott, RT Sordelet, DJ Besser, MF Kreyssig, A Goldman, AI Wessels, V Sahu, KK Kelton, KF Hyers, RW Canepari, S Rogers, JR AF Mendelev, M. I. Kramer, M. J. Ott, R. T. Sordelet, D. J. Besser, M. F. Kreyssig, A. Goldman, A. I. Wessels, V. Sahu, K. K. Kelton, K. F. Hyers, R. W. Canepari, S. Rogers, J. R. TI Experimental and computer simulation determination of the structural changes occurring through the liquid-glass transition in Cu-Zr alloys SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics simulation; X-ray diffraction; liquid metal; amorphous alloy; liquid-glass transition ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LOCAL ATOMIC ARRANGEMENTS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; POLYTETRAHEDRAL MATERIALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FREE-VOLUME; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed of the structural changes occurring through the liquid-glass transition in Cu-Zr alloys. The total scattering functions (TSF), and their associated primary diffuse scattering peak positions (Kp), heights (Kh) and full-widths at half maximum (KFWHM) were used as metrics to compare the simulations to high-energy X-ray scattering data. The residuals of difference between the model and experimental TSFs are 0.03 for the liquids and about 0.07 for the glasses. Over the compositional range studied, Zr1-xCux (0.1 x 0.9), Kp, Kh and KFWHM show a strong dependence on composition and temperature. The simulation and experimental data correlate well between each other. MD simulation revealed that the Cu-Zr bonds undergo the largest changes during cooling of the liquid, whereas the Cu-Cu bonds change the least. Changes in the partial-pair correlations are more readily seen in the second and third shells. The Voronoi polyhedra (VP) in glasses are dominated by only a few select types that are compositionally dependent. The relative concentrations of the dominant VPs rapidly change in their relative proportion in the deeply undercooled liquid. The experimentally determined region of best glass formability, xCu 65%, shows the largest temperature dependent changes for the deeply undercooled liquid in the MD simulation. This region also exhibits very strong temperature dependence for the diffusivity and the total energy of the system. These data point to a strong topological change in the best glass-forming alloys and a concurrent change in the VP chemistry in the deeply undercooled liquid. C1 [Mendelev, M. I.; Kramer, M. J.; Ott, R. T.; Sordelet, D. J.; Besser, M. F.; Kreyssig, A.; Goldman, A. I.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mendelev, M. I.; Kramer, M. J.; Ott, R. T.; Sordelet, D. J.; Besser, M. F.; Kreyssig, A.; Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wessels, V.; Sahu, K. K.; Kelton, K. F.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hyers, R. W.; Canepari, S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Rogers, J. R.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Mendelev, MI (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mendelev@ameslab.gov RI Hyers, Robert/G-3755-2010 FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0606065, DMR-0856199]; NASA [NNX07AK27G] FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. The high-energy X-ray work at the MUCAT sector of the APS was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Ames Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. The work at Washington University was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. DMR-0606065 and DMR-0856199, and by NASA under Contract No. NNX07AK27G. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2010 VL 90 IS 29 BP 3795 EP 3815 AR PII 923939337 DI 10.1080/14786435.2010.494585 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 641YC UT WOS:000281167800002 ER PT S AU Adamovsky, G Wrbanek, S Floyd, B Crotty, M AF Adamovsky, G. Wrbanek, S. Floyd, B. Crotty, M. BE Schriemer, HP Kleiman, RN TI Polarization Dependent Coupling of Whispering Gallery Modes in Microspheres SO PHOTONICS NORTH 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics North 2010 CY JUN 01-03, 2010 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA SP OPIN, Quebec Photon Network, INO, CPC, SPIE DE Optical Resonances; Polarization; Waveguides; Microspheres ID FIBERS; RESONANCES AB Two sets of resonances in glass microspheres attached to a standard communication grade single mode optical fiber have been observed. It has been found that the strength of the resonances depends strongly on the polarization of the coupled light. Furthermore, the position of the resonances in the wavelength domain depends on the polarization of light in the optical fiber with maximum magnitudes shifted by approximately 45 degrees. C1 [Adamovsky, G.; Wrbanek, S.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Adamovsky, G (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8241-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7750 AR 77500Q DI 10.1117/12.873967 PG 14 WC Biophysics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Materials Science; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BTP48 UT WOS:000287707900025 ER PT J AU Bennett, CJ Jamieson, CS Kaiser, RI AF Bennett, Chris J. Jamieson, Corey S. Kaiser, Ralf I. TI Mechanistical studies on the formation and destruction of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon trioxide (CO3) in interstellar ice analog samples SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT DISSOCIATION; INFRARED SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; 10 K; GALILEAN SATELLITES; ABSORPTION FEATURES; SYMMETRIC ISOMER; 1ST DETECTION; SOLAR-SYSTEM; OXYGEN; MOLECULES AB A series of ice mixtures containing carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and molecular oxygen (O-2) with varying carbon-to-oxygen ratios from 1 : 1.5 to 1 : 4 were irradiated at 10 K with energetic electrons to derive formation mechanisms and destruction pathways of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon trioxide (CO3) in extraterrestrial, low temperature ices. Reactants and products were analyzed on line and in situ via absorption-reflection-absorption FTIR spectroscopy in the solid state, while the gas phase was sampled by a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). Additionally, isotopically mixed ices consisting of (i) (CO)-C-13 : (CO)-O-18 : CO2, (ii) CO2 : (CO2)-O-18, and (iii) CO2 : O-18(2) were irradiated in order to derive mechanistical and kinetic information on the production and destruction pathways of the following species: (i) (CO)-C-13, (CO)-O-18, CO2, CO, (CO2)-C-13, (OCO)-O-18, and (CO3)-C-13 (C-2v), (ii) CO2, (CO2)-O-18, CO, (CO)-O-18, (OCO)-O-18, CO3 (C-2v), (OCOO)-O-18 (C-2v), (OCO2)-O-18 (C-2v), (OCO2)-O-18 (C-2v), (OCOO)-O-18-O-18 (C-2v), and (CO3)-O-18 (C-2v), and (iii) CO2, CO, (OCO)-O-18, (CO)-O-18, and (CO2)-O-18. C1 [Bennett, Chris J.; Jamieson, Corey S.; Kaiser, Ralf I.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bennett, Chris J.; Kaiser, Ralf I.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bennett, Chris J.; Kaiser, Ralf I.] Univ Hawaii, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Kaiser, RI (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM ralfk@hawaii.edu OI Bennett, Christopher/0000-0002-4181-6976 NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 16 BP 4032 EP 4050 DI 10.1039/b917162b PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 580SI UT WOS:000276469600011 PM 20379495 ER PT J AU Nachtigallova, D Lischka, H Szymczak, JJ Barbatti, M Hobza, P Gengeliczki, Z Pino, G Callahan, MP de Vries, MS AF Nachtigallova, Dana Lischka, Hans Szymczak, Jaroslaw J. Barbatti, Mario Hobza, Pavel Gengeliczki, Zsolt Pino, Gustavo Callahan, Michael P. de Vries, Mattanjah S. TI The effect of C5 substitution on the photochemistry of uracil SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; PHOTOINDUCED NONADIABATIC DYNAMICS; 2ND-ORDER PERTURBATION-THEORY; EXCITED-STATE LIFETIMES; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; GAS-PHASE; PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOBASES; IDENTITY APPROXIMATION AB A combined experimental and theoretical study on the excited-state behavior of the uracil analogues, 5-OH-Ura and 5-NH(2)-Ura is reported. Two-photon ionization and IR/UV double-resonant spectra show that there is only one tautomer present for each with an excited state lifetime of 1.8 ns for 5-OH-Ura and 12.0 ns for 5-NH(2)-Ura as determined from pump-probe experiments. The nature of the excited states of both species is investigated by means of multi-reference ab initio methods. Vertical excitation energies, excited state minima, minima on the crossing seam and reaction paths towards them are determined. Sizeable barriers on these paths are found that provide an explanation for the lifetimes of several nanoseconds observed in the experiment. C1 [Nachtigallova, Dana; Lischka, Hans; Hobza, Pavel] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, CR-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Lischka, Hans; Szymczak, Jaroslaw J.; Barbatti, Mario] Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Chem, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Gengeliczki, Zsolt] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Pino, Gustavo] Natl Univ Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina. [Callahan, Michael P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [de Vries, Mattanjah S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Nachtigallova, D (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Flemingovo Nam 2, CR-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic. EM dana.nachtigallova@uochb.cas.cz; hans.lischka@univie.ac.at; devries@chem.ucsb.edu RI Callahan, Michael/D-3630-2012; Szymczak, Jaroslaw/G-3604-2011; Barbatti, Mario/F-5647-2014; Hobza, Pavel/G-8060-2014; Lischka, Hans/A-8802-2015 OI Szymczak, Jaroslaw/0000-0001-8788-0394; Barbatti, Mario/0000-0001-9336-6607; FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0911564]; Austrian Science Fund [P18411-N19]; Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [LC512]; Preamium Academiae of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; [Z40550506] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under CHE-0911564. This work has been supported by the Austrian Science Fund within the framework of the Special Research Program F16 (Advanced Light Sources) and Project P18411-N19, and by grants from the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic (Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems, LC512). It was part of research project Z40550506. Support from the Preamium Academiae of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, awarded to PH in 2007, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 19 BP 4924 EP 4933 DI 10.1039/b925803p PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 592EM UT WOS:000277359300005 PM 20445900 ER PT J AU Kisiel, Z Dorosh, O Maeda, A Medvedev, IR De Lucia, FC Herbst, E Drouin, BJ Pearson, JC Shipman, ST AF Kisiel, Zbigniew Dorosh, Orest Maeda, Atsuko Medvedev, Ivan R. De Lucia, Frank C. Herbst, Eric Drouin, Brian J. Pearson, John C. Shipman, Steven T. TI Determination of precise relative energies of conformers of n-propanol by rotational spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRUM; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENTS; GAUCHE-ETHYL-ALCOHOL; MILLIMETER-WAVE; MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERSONIC JETS; DIETHYL-ETHER; TRANSFORM; MOLECULES; ALKANOLS AB The rotational spectrum of n-propanol (n-CH(3)CH(2)CH(2)OH) was studied with several techniques of contemporary broadband rotational spectroscopy at frequencies from 8 to 550 GHz. Rotational transitions in all five conformers of the molecule, Gt, Gg, Gg', Tt, and Tg, have been unambiguously assigned. Over 6700 lines of the Gt, Gg, and Gg' species, for quantum number values reaching K(a) = 33 and J = 67, were fitted in a joint analysis leading to the determination of Delta E(Gg-Gt) = 47.82425(25) cm(-1) and Delta E (Gg'-Gg) = 3.035047(11) cm(-1). Stark effect measurements in supersonic expansion were used to further confirm the assignment. The results are compared with those for the ethanol molecule and with ab initio calculations, allowing several inferences to be drawn concerning the differences in the large amplitude torsional potential of the hydroxyl group in the two molecules. C1 [Kisiel, Zbigniew; Dorosh, Orest] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Maeda, Atsuko; Medvedev, Ivan R.; De Lucia, Frank C.; Herbst, Eric] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Drouin, Brian J.; Pearson, John C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Shipman, Steven T.] New Coll Florida, Div Nat Sci, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. RP Kisiel, Z (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Al Lotnikow 32-46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. EM kisiel@ifpan.edu.pl RI Medvedev, Ivan/E-8486-2014; Kisiel, Zbigniew/K-8798-2016 OI Kisiel, Zbigniew/0000-0002-2570-3154 FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N-N202-0541-33]; NASA FX ZK and OD acknowledge financial support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant no N-N202-0541-33. FDL and EH acknowledge the support of NASA for their program in laboratory astrophysics. Portions of this research were carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. STS acknowledges Benjamin Kriegel for assistance with data collection and also acknowledges both New College of Florida and the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of this research. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 29 BP 8329 EP 8339 DI 10.1039/c002156c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 625RJ UT WOS:000279912400017 PM 20502812 ER PT S AU Deleuil, M Bouret, JC Feldman, P des Etangs, AL Martin-Zaidi, C Roberge, A Vidal-Madjar, A AF Deleuil, M. Bouret, J. C. Feldman, P. des Etangs, A. Lecavelier Martin-Zaidi, C. Roberge, A. Vidal-Madjar, A. BE Montmerle, T Ehrenreich, D Lagrange, AM TI MOLECULAR HYDROGEN IN THE CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS OF PRE-MAIN SEQUENCE STARS SO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS OF PLANETARY SYSTEMS SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Les Houches Summer School on Physics and Astrophysics of Planetary Systems CY FEB 18-29, 2008 CL Les Houches, FRANCE SP CNRS ID FLUORESCENT H-2 EMISSION; T-TAURI; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; FUSE OBSERVATIONS; AU-MICROSCOPII; AB-AURIGAE; GAS; SEARCH; HD-97048; SPECTRA AB Circumstellar disks surrounding young forming stars, are likely the location where planets form. While the gaseous phase represents up to similar to 99% of the disk mass and control the dynamics, most of disk properties relies on dust analyses. The main constituent of the gaseous component, molecular hydrogen (H-2), remains nearly out of reach and the gas disk is probed through emission lines of minor tracers, such as CO. In this lecture, we will first recall how H-2 symmetric molecular structure makes its detection difficult. We will then review the most significant results achieved so far, thanks to new generation of ground and space-based telescopes, with a special emphasize given to Herbig Ae/be, which are pre-main sequence stars of intermediate mass. Though the first direct estimates of circumstellar disk mass have been reported, observation of H-2 is still challenging detection. C1 [Deleuil, M.; Bouret, J. C.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, UMR 6110, Technopole Marseille Etoile, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Feldman, P.; Roberge, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [des Etangs, A. Lecavelier; Vidal-Madjar, A.] CNRS, Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Martin-Zaidi, C.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Astrophys Lab, Grenoble, France. [Roberge, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Deleuil, M (reprint author), Lab Astrophys Marseille, UMR 6110, Technopole Marseille Etoile, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. EM magali.deleuil@oamp.fr RI Roberge, Aki/D-2782-2012 OI Roberge, Aki/0000-0002-2989-3725 FU NASA by the Johns Hopkins University under NASA [NAS5-32985] FX This research is based on observations made with the NASA-CNES-CSA Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. FUSE is operatedfor NASA by the Johns Hopkins University under NASA contract NAS5-32985.This work was done using the profile fitting procedure Owens.f developed by M.Lemoine and theFUSEFrench Team. C. M.-Z. warmly thanks David Hollenbachfor fruitful discussions about the possible sources of hot excited H2. We thankD. Ehrenreich, B. Godard at JHU, and J.-C. Meunier at the LAM for their helpin reprocessing the data NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0490-0 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2010 VL 41 BP 155 EP + DI 10.1051/eas/1041011 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPT88 UT WOS:000279918700011 ER PT S AU Marley, MS AF Marley, M. S. BE Montmerle, T Ehrenreich, D Lagrange, AM TI THE ATMOSPHERES OF EXTRASOLAR PLANETS SO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS OF PLANETARY SYSTEMS SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Les Houches Summer School on Physics and Astrophysics of Planetary Systems CY FEB 18-29, 2008 CL Les Houches, FRANCE SP CNRS ID GIANT PLANETS; HD 209458B; BROWN DWARFS; LIGHT CURVES; NEPTUNE; INVERSION; MAGNITUDE; CHEMISTRY; SPECTRUM; ALBEDO AB The characteristics of irradiated solar system planetary atmospheres have been studied for decades. Modern planetary science benefits from an exhaustive body of ground- and space-based data. The study of extrasolar planetary atmospheres, by contrast, is in its infancy and currently rests on a few score of datapoints, mostly of the transiting planets. As the study of exoplanetary atmospheres blossoms, it is well worth remembering lessons learned from the solar system. In this contribution, based on my Les Houches lecture on exoplanet atmospheres, I briefly review a few of the key concepts relevant to understanding planetary atmospheres and point to examples both in our own solar system and among the exoplanets. This short survey aims not to review the field but rather stresses the importance of understanding the structure, dynamics, cloud processes and photochemistry of planetary atmospheres and points the reader towards useful reference works. Here I particularly explain the importance of cloud and photochemical processes in controlling the spectra and albedos of extrasolar planets and urge that care be taken in the interpretation of exoplanet colors. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Marley, MS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM mark.s.marley@nasa.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0490-0 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2010 VL 41 BP 411 EP 428 DI 10.1051/eas/1041034 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPT88 UT WOS:000279918700034 ER PT S AU Heap, SR AF Heap, S. R. BE Montmerle, T Ehrenreich, D Lagrange, AM TI DETECTING BIOMARKERS IN EXOPLANETARY ATMOSPHERES WITH TERRESTRIAL PLANET FINDER SO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS OF PLANETARY SYSTEMS SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Les Houches Summer School on Physics and Astrophysics of Planetary Systems CY FEB 18-29, 2008 CL Les Houches, FRANCE SP CNRS AB Current design concepts for an optical terrestrial planet-finding mission (TPF) are limited to the spectral range, 0.4-1.05 mu m. However, there are good reasons to extend the spectral range of observation to shorter wavelengths such as higher angular resolution. But the most important reason is that the sensitivity to the presence of life on habitable exoplanets is increased over a hundred-fold by access to the ozone biomarker in the mid-ultraviolet. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Heap, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM heap@srh.gsfc.nasa.gov RI heap, sara/E-2237-2012 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0490-0 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2010 VL 41 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.1051/eas/1041042 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPT88 UT WOS:000279918700042 ER PT J AU Birn, J Hesse, M AF Birn, J. Hesse, M. TI Energy release and transfer in guide field reconnection SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE magnetic reconnection; plasma magnetohydrodynamics; plasma simulation ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION AB Properties of energy release and transfer by magnetic reconnection in the presence of a guide field are investigated on the basis of 2.5-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Two initial configurations are considered: a plane current sheet with a uniform guide field of 80% of the reconnecting magnetic field component and a force-free current sheet in which the magnetic field strength is constant but the field direction rotates by 180 degrees through the current sheet. The onset of reconnection is stimulated by localized, temporally limited compression. Both MHD and PIC simulations consistently show that the outgoing energy fluxes are dominated by (redirected) Poynting flux and enthalpy flux, whereas bulk kinetic energy flux and heat flux (in the PIC simulation) are small. The Poynting flux is mainly associated with the magnetic energy of the guide field which is carried from inflow to outflow without much alteration. The conversion of annihilated magnetic energy to enthalpy flux (that is, thermal energy) stems mainly from the fact that the outflow occurs into a closed field region governed by approximate force balance between Lorentz and pressure gradient forces. Therefore, the energy converted from magnetic to kinetic energy by Lorentz force acceleration becomes immediately transferred to thermal energy by the work done by the pressure gradient force. Strong similarities between late stages of MHD and PIC simulations result from the fact that conservation of mass and entropy content and footpoint displacement of magnetic flux tubes, imposed in MHD, are also approximately satisfied in the PIC simulations. C1 [Birn, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hesse, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Birn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbirn@lanl.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 FU NASA's MMS/SMART program FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy, supported by NASA's Heliophysics Theory, Living With a Star, and SR&T Programs, and through a grant from NASA's MMS/SMART program. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 AR 012109 DI 10.1063/1.3299388 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 551BF UT WOS:000274179600013 ER PT S AU Usmanov, AV Goldstein, ML AF Usmanov, A. V. Goldstein, M. L. BE LeRoux, JA Florinski, V Zank, GP Coates, AJ TI Global Solar Wind Structure: Effects of Pickup Protons SO PICKUP IONS THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 14-19, 2010 CL Maui, HI SP Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res DE solar wind plasma; interplanetary magnetic field; pickup protons ID INTERSTELLAR NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; ELECTRON HEAT-CONDUCTION; DISTANT HELIOSPHERE; MODEL; TERMINATION; IONS; GAS AB The structure of the heliosphere is strongly affected by the pickup protons produced by the photoionization of the interstellar neutral hydrogen and by the charge exchange of the hydrogen atoms with solar wind protons. In the distant heliosphere (r > 5-10 AU), the thermal pressure of pickup protons is higher than the solar-wind proton and electron pressures, and the energy and momentum redistribution between solar-wind and pickup protons leads to a deceleration of the solar wind flow and to an increase of average plasma temperature with heliocentric distance. The deceleration effect, combined with the additional plasma pressure from the pickup protons, acts to weaken the corotating interaction regions (CIRs). It causes, however, an overall compression of the (mostly azimuthal) interplanetary magnetic field. Using a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic solar wind model that describes the pickup protons as a separate fluid, we have simulated the magnetic field and plasma distribution throughout the heliosphere to 100 AU. The source magnetic field on the Sun is assumed to be a tilted or non-tilted dipole. Comparing the simulation runs with and without pickup protons, we quantitatively evaluate the effect of the solar wind deceleration on the weakening of the CIRs and on the increase of interplanetary magnetic field intensity. Unlike our earlier studies, the present simulations incorporate Hollweg's "collisionless" heat flux approximation that obviates the need to use a non-adiabatic polytropic index. C1 [Usmanov, A. V.; Goldstein, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Usmanov, AV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008; Usmanov, Arcadi/A-9860-2013 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0857-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1302 BP 24 EP 30 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTG72 UT WOS:000286910100004 ER PT S AU Smith, CW Isenberg, PA Joyce, CJ Cannon, BE Murphy, N Nuno, RG Schwadron, NA AF Smith, Charles W. Isenberg, Philip A. Joyce, Colin J. Cannon, Bradford E. Murphy, Neil Nuno, Raquel G. Schwadron, Nathan A. BE LeRoux, JA Florinski, V Zank, GP Coates, AJ TI Ulysses and Voyager Observations of Waves Due to Interstellar Pickup H+ and He+ SO PICKUP IONS THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 14-19, 2010 CL Maui, HI SP Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res DE Interstellar pickup ions; solar wind; MHD waves ID ROTATING RAREFACTION REGIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; HYDROGEN AB Interstellar pickup ions, in scattering to isotropy, should generate waves in particular frequency ranges, but observations of such waves are very rare. To date, only proton-generated waves at Ulysses have been reported, and only sporadically during times of quasi-radial field. Here, we present two sets of wave observations. The first set are waves due to pickup H+ seen by the Ulysses spacecraft as part of a new study to gather and build a data base of observations that can better be questioned regarding the fundamental physics of wave generation by interstellar pickup ions. There we demonstrate that the waves may have small signatures in the power spectrum while showing strong evidence of wave-particle dynamics in the polarization spectra. The second set is a spectral enhancement measured at the Voyager 2 spacecraft during 4.5 hours on DOY 7, 1979 at a heliocentric radial position of 4.5 AU. The large-scale IMF was nearly radial, and the frequency range and polarization of the enhanced fluctuations are consistent with pickup ion-generated waves from inflowing interstellar H and He. This event is the first indication of pickup ion-generated waves seen at Voyager. It is also the first identification of pickup He+ waves on any spacecraft, and prompts further searches for such waves in data sets closer to the Sun. C1 [Smith, Charles W.; Isenberg, Philip A.; Joyce, Colin J.; Cannon, Bradford E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Murphy, Neil] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Nuno, Raquel G.] Los Angeles City Coll, Phys & Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Schwadron, Nathan A.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA USA. RP Smith, CW (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. FU NASA [NNX07AH75G]; NSF [ATM 0635863] FX We are grateful for valuable conversations with E. Mobius, L. Jian, and C. T. Russell. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNX07AH75G, and NSF grant ATM 0635863. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0857-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1302 BP 186 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTG72 UT WOS:000286910100027 ER PT S AU Omidi, N Russell, CT Tokar, RL Farrell, WM Kurth, WS Gurnett, DA Jia, YD Leisner, JS AF Omidi, N. Russell, C. T. Tokar, R. L. Farrell, W. M. Kurth, W. S. Gurnett, D. A. Jia, Y. D. Leisner, J. S. BE LeRoux, JA Florinski, V Zank, GP Coates, AJ TI Hybrid Simulations of Plasma-Neutral-Dust Interactions at Enceladus SO PICKUP IONS THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 14-19, 2010 CL Maui, HI SP Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res DE Enceladus; massloading; numerical modeling; dusty plasmas ID ATMOSPHERE AB Through ejection from its southern hemisphere, Enceladus is a dominant source of neutral gas and dust in Saturn's inner magnetosphere. The interaction of the corotating plasma with the gas and dust modifies the plasma environment around Enceladus. We use 3-D hybrid (kinetic ions, fluid electrons) simulations to examine the effects of gas and dust on the nature of the interaction region and use Cassini observations to constrain their properties. C1 [Omidi, N.] Solana Sci Inc, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. [Russell, C. T.; Jia, Y. D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Tokar, R. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Farrell, W. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kurth, W. S.; Gurnett, D. A.; Leisner, J. S.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Omidi, N (reprint author), Solana Sci Inc, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. RI Farrell, William/I-4865-2013; OI Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202 FU NASA [NNX07AJ07G, 1356500]; University of Iowa through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNX07AJ07G and NASA Contract 1356500 to the University of Iowa through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0857-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1302 BP 237 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTG72 UT WOS:000286910100034 ER PT S AU Kim, SB Njoku, EG AF Kim, Seung-Bum Njoku, Eni G. GP Electromagnet Acad TI Soil Moisture Retrieval Using Data Cube Representation of Radar Scattering SO PIERS 2010 CAMBRIDGE: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium CY JUL 05-08, 2010 CL Cambridge, MA SP Schlumberger-Doll Res, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat/Res Lab Elect, Zeijiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad AB A time-series algorithm is proposed to retrieve surface (from surface down to 1 m depth) soil moisture using the simulated radar data. The time-series approach uses co-polarized (VV and HH) backscattering coefficient (sigma(0)) values. Temporal averaging is applied to reduce the radar measurement noise. To the extent that the surface roughness does not change within the time-series window, the reduction of the noise enables the retrieval of the roughness. With the roughness estimate, subsequently soil moisture is retrieved. The proposed retrieval is performed using 'data cubes'. The data cubes relate soil moisture and sigma(0), and are lookup tables with the dimensions of soil moisture, roughness, and vegetation water content (VWC). The cubes are generated by the first-order small perturbation model and the discrete scatterer model for the grass vegetation. A Monte-Carlo analysis demonstrates that the soil moisture may be retrieved within the error better than 0.06 cm(3)/cm(3) up to about 3 kg/m(2) VWC using six time-series records, although presently assuming that the radar model correctly describes the surface scattering processes. C1 [Kim, Seung-Bum; Njoku, Eni G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Kim, SB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-14-1 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2010 BP 962 EP 966 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BAT93 UT WOS:000305490800205 ER PT S AU Colliander, A Kim, S Yueh, S Cosh, M Jackson, T Njoku, E AF Colliander, Andreas Kim, Seungbum Yueh, Simon Cosh, Mike Jackson, Tom Njoku, Eni GP Electromagnet Acad TI Azimuthal Signature of Coincidental Brightness Temperature and Normalized Radar Cross-section Obtained Using Airborne PALS Instrument SO PIERS 2010 CAMBRIDGE: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium CY JUL 05-08, 2010 CL Cambridge, MA SP Schlumberger-Doll Res, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat/Res Lab Elect, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad ID OCEAN AB Coincidental airborne brightness temperature (TB) and normalized radar-cross section (NRCS) measurements were carried out with the PALS (Passive and Active L- and S-band) instrument in the SMAPVEX08 (SMAP Validation Experiment 2008) field campaign. This paper describes results obtained from a set of flights which measured a field in 45 degrees steps over the azimuth angle. The field contained mature soy beans with distinct row structure. The measurement shows that both TB and NRCS experience modulation effects over the azimuth as expected based on the theory. The result is useful in development and validation of land surface parameter forward models and retrieval algorithms, such as the soil moisture algorithm for NASA's SMAP (Soil Moisture Active and Passive) mission. Although the footprint of the SMAP will not be sensitive to the small resolution scale effects as the one presented in this paper, it is nevertheless important to understand the effects at smaller scale. C1 [Colliander, Andreas; Kim, Seungbum; Yueh, Simon; Njoku, Eni] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cosh, Mike; Jackson, Tom] USDA Agr Res Serv, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Colliander, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-14-1 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2010 BP 967 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BAT93 UT WOS:000305490800206 ER PT S AU Prato, L Weinberger, AJ AF Prato, Lisa Weinberger, Alycia J. BE Haghighipour, N TI Disks Around Young Binary Stars SO PLANETS IN BINARY STAR SYSTEMS SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID T-TAURI STARS; SEQUENCE SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY; TERRESTRIAL PLANET FORMATION; CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST DISK; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; CIRCUMBINARY DISK; HD 98800; STELLAR MULTIPLICITY; TRAPEZIUM CLUSTER C1 [Prato, Lisa] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Weinberger, Alycia J.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Weinberger, Alycia J.] Carnegie Inst Washington, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Prato, L (reprint author), Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM lprato@lowell.edu; weinberger@dtm.ciw.edu OI Weinberger, Alycia/0000-0001-6654-7859 NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0067-0057 BN 978-90-481-8686-0 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2010 VL 366 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8687-7_1 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8687-7 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPL93 UT WOS:000279187800001 ER PT S AU Quintana, EV Lissauer, JJ AF Quintana, Elisa V. Lissauer, Jack J. BE Haghighipour, N TI Terrestrial Planet Formation in Binary Star Systems SO PLANETS IN BINARY STAR SYSTEMS SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALPHA-CENTAURI SYSTEM; DYNAMICAL STABILITY; GIANT PLANETS; ACCRETION; ORBITS C1 [Quintana, Elisa V.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Lissauer, Jack J.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div 245 3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Quintana, EV (reprint author), SETI Inst, 515 N Whisman Rd, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM equintana@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Jack.Lissauer@nasa.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0067-0057 BN 978-90-481-8686-0 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2010 VL 366 BP 265 EP 283 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8687-7_10 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8687-7 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPL93 UT WOS:000279187800010 ER PT S AU Haghighipour, N Dvorak, R Pilat-Lohinger, E AF Haghighipour, Nader Dvorak, Rudolf Pilat-Lohinger, Elke BE Haghighipour, N TI Planetary Dynamics and Habitable Planet Formation in Binary Star Systems SO PLANETS IN BINARY STAR SYSTEMS SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELLIPTIC RESTRICTED PROBLEM; ALPHA-CENTAURI SYSTEM; CARBON-DIOXIDE CLOUDS; GAMMA-CEPHEI SYSTEM; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; EXOPLANETARY SYSTEMS; TROJAN PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; STABILITY-CRITERIA C1 [Haghighipour, Nader] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Haghighipour, Nader] Univ Hawaii Manoa, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dvorak, Rudolf; Pilat-Lohinger, Elke] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Haghighipour, N (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM nader@ifa.hawaii.edu; dvorak@astro.univie.ac.at; lohinger@astro.univie.ac.at; nader@ifa.hawaii.edu NR 138 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0067-0057 BN 978-90-481-8686-0 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2010 VL 366 BP 285 EP 327 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8687-7_11 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8687-7 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPL93 UT WOS:000279187800011 ER PT B AU Hoover, RB Pikuta, EV AF Hoover, Richard B. Pikuta, Elena V. BE Bej, AK Aislabie, J Atlas, RM TI Psychrophilic and Psychrotolerant Microbial Extremophiles in Polar Environments SO POLAR MICROBIOLOGY: THE ECOLOGY, BIODIVERSITY AND BIOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF MICROORGANISMS IN EXTREMELY COLD ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FOX PERMAFROST TUNNEL; FROZEN LAKE FRYXELL; MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; DRONNING MAUD LAND; TUNDRAE SP NOV.; GEN. NOV.; EAST ANTARCTICA; AGMENELLUM-QUADRUPLICATUM; METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA C1 [Hoover, Richard B.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Pikuta, Elena V.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Astrobiol Lab, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Hoover, RB (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 126 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8388-0; 978-1-4200-8384-2 PY 2010 BP 115 EP 156 PG 42 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA BC9MU UT WOS:000356624900006 ER PT S AU Comiso, J AF Comiso, Josefino BA Comiso, J BF Comiso, J TI Background SO POLAR OCEANS FROM SPACE SE Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Polar regions; Satellite observing system AB The polar oceans are important to study because they are key components of the Earth's climate engine. We have learned that many processes in the polar regions are highly linked to the thermohaline circulation of the World's oceans as well as their physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The region is vast, and it is only through satellite remote sensing that we have been able to examine and investigate the mesoscale and large scale properties of many parameters in the region, including surface temperature, albedo, sea ice cover, plankton concentration and primary productivity. A brief history of the polar regions and satellite remote sensing is provided, and the role of the polar regions in the climate system is discussed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Comiso, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-8601 BN 978-0-387-36628-9 J9 ATMOS OCEAN SCI LIB PY 2010 VL 41 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3_1 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOJ84 UT WOS:000276867200001 ER PT S AU Comiso, J AF Comiso, Josefino BA Comiso, J BF Comiso, J TI Fundamental Characteristics of the Polar Oceans and Their Sea Ice Cover SO POLAR OCEANS FROM SPACE SE Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Peripheral seas; Ice drift; Ocean bathymetry; Dynamic topography ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ARCTIC-OCEAN; WEDDELL SEA; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; GREENLAND SEA; MIXED-LAYER; DEEP-WATER; CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE AB The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the oceans and their sea ice cover at high latitudes in both the northern and southern hemispheres are discussed in conjunction with the bathymetry, atmospheric and circulation patterns. The exchanges of intermediate to deep water with the World's oceans are quite limited in the Arctic region with the relatively narrow Fram Strait as the only possibility while the World's main oceans circulate freely from one ocean to another at all depths in the Southern Ocean through the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The perennial sea ice is also located in deep water regions in the Arctic, while the perennial ice in the Antarctic is usually confined in shallow shelf areas. These and other environmental differences make the characteristics of Arctic Ocean very different from those of the Southern Ocean. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Comiso, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov; josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov NR 128 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-8601 BN 978-0-387-36628-9 J9 ATMOS OCEAN SCI LIB PY 2010 VL 41 BP 19 EP 71 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3_2 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3 PG 53 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOJ84 UT WOS:000276867200002 ER PT S AU Comiso, J AF Comiso, Josefino BA Comiso, J BF Comiso, J TI Satellite Remote Sensing Techniques SO POLAR OCEANS FROM SPACE SE Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Electromagnetic spectrum; Passive sensors; Active sensors AB There are currently many possibilities for remote sensing studies of various ocean and ice parameters. Satellite sensors are designed to take advantage of electromagnetic signals either originally from the surface or reflected from the surface. Multichannel and multipolarization systems in the visible, infrared and microwave frequencies have been developed to optimize the accuracy in measuring geophysical parameters of interest. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of systems and the preferred systems for measuring specific parameters are discussed. In many cases, there are ambiguities in the retrieval, and the concurrent use of data from more than one sensor would be highly desirable. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Comiso, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov; josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-8601 BN 978-0-387-36628-9 J9 ATMOS OCEAN SCI LIB PY 2010 VL 41 BP 73 EP 111 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3_3 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3 PG 39 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOJ84 UT WOS:000276867200003 ER PT S AU Comiso, J AF Comiso, Josefino BA Comiso, J BF Comiso, J TI Geophysical Parameters and Algorithms for High Latitude Applications SO POLAR OCEANS FROM SPACE SE Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Optical properties; Dielectric characteristics; Emissivity ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; IN-SITU; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CLOUD CLASSIFICATION AB The parameters of interest for polar studies that can be derived from satellite data are surface temperature, sea ice concentration, albedo, cloud cover, winds, sea ice drift, and sea ice thickness. The basic radiative and physical characteristics that enable the detection and characterization of various surfaces and parameters are discussed. The different types of sensors are evaluated with a view of assessing which one is best suited for the retrieval of each parameter. The algorithms that convert digital data to geophysical parameters are presented and assessments of errors in the retrieval are provided. There are limitations in the use of these data, but some of these can be overcome through the concurrent use of ancillary data that include in situ measurements and modeling results. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Comiso, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov; josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov NR 154 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-8601 BN 978-0-387-36628-9 J9 ATMOS OCEAN SCI LIB PY 2010 VL 41 BP 113 EP 180 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3_4 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3 PG 68 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOJ84 UT WOS:000276867200004 ER PT S AU Comiso, J AF Comiso, Josefino BA Comiso, J BF Comiso, J TI Variability of Surface Pressure, Winds, and Clouds SO POLAR OCEANS FROM SPACE SE Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Sea level pressure; Hemisphere ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR WAVE; SEA-ICE; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ANNULAR MODE; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; OCEAN; TELECONNECTIONS AB The variability of sea level pressure and winds is studied using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis monthly-average data from 1979 to 2008. Results of analyses of monthly distributions of pressures and winds indicate that on average the seasonal patterns are consistent and coherent, but large interannual variabilities in the locations of lows and highs are observed. For a given month the interannual changes in wind circulation patterns can be very large and thereby could affect the spatial distribution of surface temperature and sea ice cover. Cloud frequency distributions as derived from AVHRR data also show large interannual variability and a slight decadal decline in both hemispheres C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Comiso, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov; josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-8601 BN 978-0-387-36628-9 J9 ATMOS OCEAN SCI LIB PY 2010 VL 41 BP 181 EP 221 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3_5 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3 PG 41 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOJ84 UT WOS:000276867200005 ER PT S AU Comiso, J AF Comiso, Josefino BA Comiso, J BF Comiso, J TI Variability of Surface Temperature and Albedo SO POLAR OCEANS FROM SPACE SE Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Surface temperature; Arctic; Antarctic; Albedo ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; SNOW EXTENT; IN-SITU; EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; TRENDS; COVER; MODEL; SOOT AB Results from the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of surface temperature, including that of liquid water at high latitudes, are presented using mainly NOAA/AVHRR data from 1981 to 2008. The average surface temperature of the region north of the Arctic Circle is shown to be increasing at 0.7 degrees C/decade while that south of the Antarctic circle has been increasing much more moderately at 0.1 degrees C/decade. The trend in the Arctic represents about three times the global trend over the same period and is consistent with the expected effect of ice-albedo feedback. The trend of the Antarctic temperature is less than that inferred using global in situ and meteorological station data since 1981. Data from the same set of AVHRR sensors were used to study the spatial and temporal variability of narrow band albedo in the polar regions and results show the patterns of change that are consistent with warming and the changing snow and sea ice cover. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Comiso, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-8601 BN 978-0-387-36628-9 J9 ATMOS OCEAN SCI LIB PY 2010 VL 41 BP 223 EP 294 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3_6 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3 PG 72 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOJ84 UT WOS:000276867200006 ER PT S AU Comiso, J AF Comiso, Josefino BA Comiso, J BF Comiso, J TI Characteristics and Variability of the Sea Ice Cover SO POLAR OCEANS FROM SPACE SE Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Mesoscale characteristics; Ice types; Ice dynamics ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR WAVE; ROSS SEA; WEDDELL SEA; ARCTIC-OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SATELLITE; POLYNYA AB Mesoscale and large scale characteristics and interannual variability of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice cover are described and evaluated using geophysical data derived from visible, infrared, and microwave sensors. Thirty years of satellite data were used to assess global, hemispherical, and regional trends and to gain insights into the changing sea ice cover in the two hemispheres. The extent of the sea ice cover in the Arctic is shown to be declining at -4%/decade, whereas in the Antarctic, it has been increasing unexpectedly at 1 %/decade. The most intriguing result, however, is the rapid decline in the Arctic perennial ice cover area of about -13%/decade and possible connection with greenhouse gas warming. Equally intriguing is the relative stability of the Antarctic sea ice cover and associated effects of the ozone hole, the Southern Oscillation and the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Comiso, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-8601 BN 978-0-387-36628-9 J9 ATMOS OCEAN SCI LIB PY 2010 VL 41 BP 295 EP 363 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3_7 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3 PG 69 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOJ84 UT WOS:000276867200007 ER PT S AU Comiso, J AF Comiso, Josefino BA Comiso, J BF Comiso, J TI Polynyas and Other Polar Phenomena SO POLAR OCEANS FROM SPACE SE Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Polynyas; Odden; Antarctic circumpolar wave; Polar outbreaks ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE ATMOSPHERE; ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR WAVE; NORTHERN BAFFIN-BAY; COLD-AIR OUTBREAKS; ODDEN ICE TONGUE; SEA-ICE; WEDDELL POLYNYA; ROSS SEA; GREENLAND SEA; ANNULAR MODE AB The important roles of sensible and latent heat polynyas, the Odden, the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave, polar outbreaks, icebergs, and other features and processes in the polar oceans are discussed in the context of their spatial distributions and frequency of occurrences as inferred from long term and synoptic observations by satellite sensors. Satellite data have provided valuable insights into how these special features could affect the thermohaline circulation and primary productivity of the oceans and cause deep vertical convection, ocean ventilation, storminess, and horizontal transport of salt in the polar oceans. It is apparent that large changes are occurring, including frequency of occurrence of the Odden and the character of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave. Many questions remain, but some answers are possible through concurrent use of satellite data, in situ data and numerical models. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Comiso, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov; josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-8601 BN 978-0-387-36628-9 J9 ATMOS OCEAN SCI LIB PY 2010 VL 41 BP 365 EP 402 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3_8 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3 PG 38 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOJ84 UT WOS:000276867200008 ER PT S AU Comiso, J AF Comiso, Josefino BA Comiso, J BF Comiso, J TI Variability of Phytoplankton Pigment Concentrations and Primary Productivity SO POLAR OCEANS FROM SPACE SE Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Phytoplankton concentration; Primary productivity ID SEA-ICE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ROSS SEA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; EDGE; DISTRIBUTIONS; ANTARCTICA; DYNAMICS; COLOR AB The polar oceans have been regarded as regions of high biological activity but moderate primary productivity. During spring and summer, they are sites of extremely high phytoplankton concentrations in part because of the abundance of nutrients and the presence of stable layers of meltwater that provide an ideal platform for photosynthesis. The productivity is more limited in autumn and winter when extended darkness and relatively cold surface temperature prevail and much of the region is covered by sea ice. Analyses of more than a decade of ocean color SeaWiFS data have yielded many interesting results about the spatial distribution and interannual variability of phytoplankton pigment concentration and primary productivity. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Comiso, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-8601 BN 978-0-387-36628-9 J9 ATMOS OCEAN SCI LIB PY 2010 VL 41 BP 403 EP 447 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3_9 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3 PG 45 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOJ84 UT WOS:000276867200009 ER PT S AU Comiso, J AF Comiso, Josefino BA Comiso, J BF Comiso, J TI Decadal Changes, Correlations, and Trends SO POLAR OCEANS FROM SPACE SE Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Decadal changes; Correlations; Trends ID SEA-ICE COVER; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SURFACE; PHYTOPLANKTON; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB While we are still grappling with fundamental questions about the root causes of observed changes in the polar regions, satellite sensors have provided us with extraordinary tools for evaluating the scope of these changes and for understanding how changes in the different observables may be related to each other. We analyze satellite or reanalysis data over a 26-year period in which data on surface temperature, sea ice cover, albedo, and sea level pressure are concurrently available. The difference of 13-year segments of the different variables are shown to be coherent and it is apparent that changes in one parameter are also observed in the other parameters. Correlations of surface temperature with sea ice concentration and albedo are very strong and possible connections between chlorophyll concentration with the ice cover and surface temperature have been identified in the early spring period. Drastic declines in the Arctic perennial and multiyear ice cover are also observed suggesting that profound changes are going on in the polar oceans. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Comiso, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-8601 BN 978-0-387-36628-9 J9 ATMOS OCEAN SCI LIB PY 2010 VL 41 BP 449 EP 495 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3_10 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-68300-3 PG 47 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOJ84 UT WOS:000276867200010 ER PT S AU Mishchenko, M Yatskiv, YS Rosenbush, VK Videen, G AF Mishchenko, Michael Yatskiv, Yaroslav S. Rosenbush, Vera K. Videen, Gorden BE Mishchenko, MI Yatskiv, YS Rosenbush, VK Videen, G TI Preface Polarimetric detection, characterization, and remote sensing SO POLARIMETRIC DETECTION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND REMOTE SENSING SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Special Detection Technique (Polarimetry) and Remote Sensing CY SEP 12-25, 2010 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP NATO, ASI C1 [Mishchenko, Michael] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Yatskiv, Yaroslav S.; Rosenbush, Vera K.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Main Astronom Observ, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Videen, Gorden] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mishchenko, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM mmishchenko@giss.nasa.gov RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 FU NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; US Office of Naval Research Global; US Army International Technology Center Atlantic; National Science Foundation of the USA; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU) and its Main Astronomical Observatory FX The primary support for the NATO ASI was provided bythe NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme. Major funding was also contributed by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program managed by Dr. Hal Maring (NASA Head-quarters). Supplementary funding was provided by Elsevier,the US Office of Naval Research Global, and the US Army International Technology Center Atlantic. Several travel fellowships were awarded by the National Science Foundation of the USA.; The NATO ASI was also sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU) and its Main Astronomical Observatory. We thank executive membersof the NASU Headquarters Academicians Anton G.Naumovets and Vadym M. Loktev for their kind supportof the ASI NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-1635-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2010 BP VII EP X PG 4 WC Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy GA BVW19 UT WOS:000292941200001 ER PT S AU Nicolau, E Rodriguez-Martinez, JA Fonseca, JJ Richardson, TMJ Flynn, M Griebenow, K Cabrera, CR AF Nicolau, Eduardo Rodriguez-Martinez, Jose A. Fonseca, Jose J. Richardson, Tra-My Justine Flynn, Michael Griebenow, Kai Cabrera, Carlos R. BE Gasteiger, HA Weber, A Strasser, P Edmundson, M Lamy, C Darling, R Uchida, H Schmidt, TJ Shirvanian, P Buchi, FN Mantz, R Zawodzinski, T Ramani, V Fuller, T Inaba, M Jones, D Narayanan, SR TI Bioelectrochemical Oxidation of Urea with Urease and Platinized Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Water Recycling in Space Applications SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 10, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Symposium (PEFC) Conducted Under the Auspices of the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Energy Technol (ETD), Phys & Analyt Electrochem (PAED), Battery (BATT), Ind Electrochem & Electrochem Engn, Asahi Kasei E-Mat Corp, Ion Power Inc, UTC Power Corp, Umicore, Tokuyama Corp, Toyota Motor Eng & Mfg N Amer, Pine Res Instruments, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K K ID DEGRADATION; CREATININE AB The recovery of potable water from spacecraft wastewater is critical for the life support and environmental health of crew members in long-term missions. NASA estimates that during manned space missions 60 g/person.day of urine is produced, with urea and various salts as its main components. In this research we explore the utilization of urease enzymes (EC 3.5.1.5) to convert urea to nitrogen using a two step process of urease catalyzed decomposition of urea to ammonia followed by the electrochemical decomposition of ammonia to nitrogen. Urease was immobilized on granulated activated carbon to serve as a bio-reaction platform, while platinum was electrodeposited on boron-doped diamond electrodes by cycling the potential to attain active electrodes. Samples from NASA Ames Research Center water recycling equipment, containing urine, were used to test the herein proposed system. C1 [Nicolau, Eduardo; Rodriguez-Martinez, Jose A.; Fonseca, Jose J.; Griebenow, Kai; Cabrera, Carlos R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Rio Piedras Campus,POB 23346, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Richardson, Tra-My Justine; Flynn, Michael] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Bioengn Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94036 USA. RP Cabrera, CR (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Rio Piedras Campus,POB 23346, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. EM carlos.cabrera2@upr.edu OI Cabrera, Carlos/0000-0002-3342-8666 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-820-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1853 EP + DI 10.1149/1.3484676 PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Polymer Science GA BDH94 UT WOS:000313331100181 ER PT B AU Mukherjee, RM Anderson, KS AF Mukherjee, Rudranarayan M. Anderson, Kurt S. GP ASME TI GENERALIZED ORTHOGONAL COMPLEMENT BASED DIVIDE AND CONQUER ALGORITHM FOR CONSTRAINED MULTIBODY DYNAMICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics and Control CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ORDER-N-FORMULATION; BODY DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB This paper presents an extension of the orthogonal complement based divide and conquer algorithm for constraint multi-rigid body systems containing closed kinematic loops in generalized topologies. In its current form, its a short article demonstrating the methodology for assembling the equations of motion in a hierarchic assembly process for systems containing multiple loops in generalized topologies. C1 [Mukherjee, Rudranarayan M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mukherjee, RM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov; anderk5@rpi.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4901-9 PY 2010 BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUU39 UT WOS:000290371600015 ER PT B AU Mukherjee, RM Anderson, KS AF Mukherjee, Rudranarayan M. Anderson, Kurt S. GP ASME TI EFFICIENT IMPULSE MOMENTUM FORMULATION FOR MULTI-FLEXIBLE BODY SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ORDER-N-FORMULATION; MECHANICAL SYSTEMS; COULOMB-FRICTION; DYNAMICS; IMPACT; CONTACT; SIMULATION; MOTION; CONSTRAINTS; EQUATIONS AB This paper presents the generalization of the divide and conquer impulse momentum formulation to systems with flexible bodies. The approach utilizes a hierarchic assembly-disassembly process by traversing the system topology in a binary tree map to solve for the jumps in the system generalized speeds and the constraint impulsive loads in linear and logarithmic cost in serial and parallel implementations. respectively. The coupling between the unilateral and bilateral constraints is handled efficiently through the use of kinematic joint definitions. The equations of motion for the system are produced in a hierarchic sub-structured form. The generalized impulse momenta equations of flexible bodies are derived using a projection method. The equations are then cast into a format amenable to be incorporated in the basic divide and conquer form. The solution of the equations using the hierarchic assembly disassembly process by using the boundary conditions are discussed for free floating, anchored trees and kinematically closed loop systems. C1 [Mukherjee, Rudranarayan M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mukherjee, RM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov; anderk5@rpi.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4901-9 PY 2010 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUU39 UT WOS:000290371600016 ER PT B AU Jain, A AF Jain, Abhinandan GP ASME TI RECURSIVE ALGORITHMS USING LOCAL CONSTRAINT EMBEDDING FOR MULTIBODY SYSTEM DYNAMICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID SPATIAL OPERATOR ALGEBRA; ROBOT DYNAMICS AB This paper describes a constraint embedding approach for handling of local closure constraints in multibody system dynamics. The approach uses spatial operator techniques to eliminate local-loop constraints from a system to effectively convert it into a tree-topology system. This conversion to a tree-topology allows the direct application of the host of available techniques including mass matrix factorization and inversion to be applied to the system dynamics. One application is the extension of the well-known recursive O(N) forward dynamics for solving the system dynamics of these systems. The algorithms are especially applicable to systems where the constraints are confined to small-subgraphs within the system topology. The paper provides background on the spatial operator approach, the extensions for handling embedded constraints, and concludes with examples of such constraints. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jain, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Abhi.Jain@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4901-9 PY 2010 BP 139 EP 147 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUU39 UT WOS:000290371600017 ER PT B AU Lorenzo, CF AF Lorenzo, Carl F. GP ASME TI THE FRACTIONAL META-TRIGONOMETRY BASED ON THE R-FUNCTION: PART I: BACKGROUND, DEFINITIONS, AND COMPLEXITY FUNCTION GRAPHICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics and Control CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE fractional calculus; fractional differential equations; fractional trignoboletry; fractal fractional functions; meta-trignoboletry AB The current fractional trigonometries and hyperboletry are based on three forms of the fractional exponential R-function, R(q,v)(a,t), R(q,v)(ai,t), and R(q,v)(a,it). The fractional meta-trigonometry extends this to an infinite number of bases using the form R(q,v)(ai(alpha),i(B)t). Meta-definitions, meta-Laplace transforms, and meta-identities are developed for these generalized fractional trigonometric functions. Graphic results are presented. Extensions of the fractional trigonometries to the negative time domain and complementary fractional trigonometries are considered. Part 1 provides; background on the ongoing development of the fractional trigonometries, the definitions of the meta-trigonometry and its motivation, and a limited set of graphic results for the complexity based fractional trigonometric functions. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lorenzo, CF (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4901-9 PY 2010 BP 177 EP 196 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUU39 UT WOS:000290371600022 ER PT B AU Lorenzo, CF AF Lorenzo, Carl F. GP ASME TI THE FRACTIONAL META-TRIGONOMETRY BASED ON THE R-FUNCTION: PART II: PARITY FUNCTION GRAPHICS, LAPLACE TRANSFORMS, FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVES, META-PROPERTIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics and Control CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The current fractional trigonometries and hyperboletry are based on three forms of the fractional exponential R-function, R(q,v)(a,t), R(q,v)(ai,t), and R(q,v)(a,it). The fractional meta-trigonometry extends this to an infinite number of bases using the form R(q,v)(a(alpha),i(B)t). Meta-definitions, meta-Laplace transforms, and meta-identities are developed for these generalized fractional trigonometric functions. Graphic results are presented. Extensions of the fractional trigonometries to the negative time domain and complementary fractional trigonometries are considered. Part II continues from the definition set and graphics given in Part I. It provides a minimal set of graphic results for the parity meta-fractional trigonometry and develops the meta-properties described above. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lorenzo, CF (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4901-9 PY 2010 BP 197 EP 220 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUU39 UT WOS:000290371600023 ER PT B AU Lorenzo, CF Hartley, TT AF Lorenzo, Carl F. Hartley, Tom T. GP ASME TI ON SELF-CONSISTENT OPERATORS WITH APPLICATION TO OPERATORS OF FRACTIONAL ORDER SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics and Control CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE continuation function; initialization function; Caputo derivative; Riemann-Liouville integral AB This paper extends the idea of the initialization function to the more general concept of a continuation function. The paper sets forth definitions for operator self-consistency which are then applied to test three operators, the ordinary Riemann integral, the time-varying initialized Riemann-Liouville fractional integral, and finally the Caputo derivative. Self-consistency was found for the first two cases. The Caputo fractional derivative operator was found to be self-inconsistent based on possible continuation functions derived from the Laplace transform of the derivative. A theoretical continuation function was derived which does make the derivative self-consistent, but requires a time-varying initialization function negating a primary attraction of this derivative. C1 [Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lorenzo, CF (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov; thartley@uakron.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4901-9 PY 2010 BP 1069 EP 1075 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUU39 UT WOS:000290371600117 ER PT B AU Lorenzo, CF AF Lorenzo, Carl F. GP ASME TI THE FRACTIONAL MORPHOLOGY AND GROWTH RATE OF THE NAUTILUS POMPILIUS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS BASED ON THE R(1)-FRACTIONAL TRIGONOMETRY SO PROCEEDINGS OF ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics and Control CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE Fractional differential equations; fractional growth rate; fractional spiral; logarithmic spiral; Nautilus ID SHELL AB This paper studies the morphology and evolutionary growth of the Nautilus pompilius based on the fractional R(1)-trigonometry. Morphological models based on the fractional trigonometry are shown to be superior to those of the commonly assumed logarithmic spiral. The R(1)-trigonometric functions further infer fractional differential equations which, based on power law parametric functions, are used to develop a fractional growth equation modeling evolution from conception to maturity. C1 NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lorenzo, CF (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4901-9 PY 2010 BP 1261 EP 1274 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUU39 UT WOS:000290371600140 ER PT J AU Galvan, DA Komjathy, A Hickey, M Foster, J Mannucci, AJ AF Galvan, David A. Komjathy, Attila Hickey, Michael Foster, James Mannucci, Anthony J. GP ION TI Observing Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Caused by Tsunamis Using GPS TEC Measurements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-2010) CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Portland, OR ID GRAVITY-WAVES; OSCILLATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; EARTHQUAKE AB Ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) show variations consistent with atmospheric internal gravity waves caused by ocean tsunamis following two recent seismic events: the American Samoa earthquake of September 29, 2009, and the Chile earthquake of February 27, 2010. Fluctuations correlated in time, space, and wave properties with these tsunamis were observed in TEC estimates processed using JPL's Global Ionospheric Mapping Software. These TEC estimates were band-pass filtered to remove ionospheric TEC variations with wavelengths and periods outside the typical range of internal gravity waves caused by tsunamis. Observable variations in TEC appear correlated with the tsunamis in certain locations, but not in others. Where variations are observed, the typical amplitude tends to be on the order of 1% of the background TEC value. Variations with amplitudes similar to 0.1 - 0.2 TECU are observable with periods and timing affiliated with the tsunami. These observations are compared to estimates of expected tsunami-driven TEC variations produced by Embry Riddle Aeronautical University's Spectral Full Wave Model, an atmosphere-ionosphere coupling model, and found to be in good agreement in some locations, though there are cases when the model predicts an observable tsunami-driven signature and none is observed. These TEC variations are not always seen when a tsunami is present, but in these two events the regions where a strong ocean tsunami was observed did coincide with clear TEC observations, while a lack of clear TEC observations coincided with smaller tsunami amplitudes. There exists the potential to apply these detection techniques to real-time GPS TEC data, providing estimates of tsunami speed and amplitude that may be useful for early warning systems. C1 [Galvan, David A.; Komjathy, Attila; Mannucci, Anthony J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Galvan, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2010 BP 313 EP 327 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BUY82 UT WOS:000290734900024 ER PT J AU Bertiger, W Bar-Sever, Y Harvey, N Miller, K Romans, L Weiss, J Doyle, L Solorzano, T Petzinger, J Stell, A AF Bertiger, Willy Bar-Sever, Yoaz Harvey, Nate Miller, Kevin Romans, Larry Weiss, Jan Doyle, Larry Solorzano, Tara Petzinger, John Stell, Al GP ION TI Next Generation GPS Ground Control Segment (OCX) Navigation Design SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-2010) CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Portland, OR AB In February 2010, a Raytheon-led team was selected by The Air Force to develop, implement, and operate the next generation GPS ground control segment (OCX). To meet and exceed the demanding OCX navigation performance requirements, Raytheon partnered with ITT (Navigation lead) and JPL to adapt major elements of JPL's navigation technology, proven in the operations of the Global Differential GPS (GDGPS) System. Key design goals for the navigation subsystem include accurate ephemeris (expressed primarily in terms of user range error, or URE), ease of model upgrades, and a smooth and safe transition from the legacy system to OCX. We will describe key elements of the innovative architecture of the OCX navigation subsystem, and demonstrate the anticipated performance of the system through high fidelity simulations with actual GPS measurements. C1 [Bertiger, Willy; Bar-Sever, Yoaz; Harvey, Nate; Miller, Kevin; Romans, Larry; Weiss, Jan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bertiger, W (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2010 BP 964 EP 977 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BUY82 UT WOS:000290734901001 ER PT J AU Colombo, OL Brunker, S Jones, G Janssen, V Rizos, C AF Colombo, Oscar L. Brunker, Shane Jones, Glenn Janssen, Volker Rizos, Chris GP ION TI Testing Sub-decimeter, Kinematic Wide-Area Positioning for Airborne Lidar Surveys Using the CORSnet-NSW Network SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-2010) CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Portland, OR AB We have studied the possible advantages of a wide-area approach (long-baseline differential positioning with GPS) for the precise kinematic trajectory determination of aircraft in support of airborne scanning lidar altimeter surveys, over the usual and more labor and resource intensive short-baseline approach with locally deployed ground receivers. In this form of remote sensing, the GNSS data are used to find very precisely the aircraft position and, combining it with inertial data, the aircraft orientation, in order to georeference the scanning laser measurements within very strict tolerances. If proved useful, the adoption of the wide-area approach, compared to present practice, could result in a substantial reduction of costs and in more flexibility when confronted with changing weather conditions or dealing with priority response situations. Such situations, at present, may require postponing a survey, or redeploying ground receivers and personnel on short notice. We have conducted three successful tests: two with data collected during the survey of large areas in the northeast of the state of New South Wales, in Australia, and a third one with data from a system calibration flight over a pre-surveyed area around the Bathurst airport, also in that state. These tests were organized and conducted by the NSW Government's Land and Property Management Authority (LPMA), in collaboration with the University of New South Wales, in June of 2009 and July of 2010. The baselines from the reference stations to the aircraft were as long as 1100 km. The wide-area reference stations used in the tests are part of CORSnet-NSW, a network of continuously operating reference stations run by LPMA in the state of New South Wales. As of September of 2010 this network consisted of 43 stations; and the goal is to reach a total of 70 by 2012. All receivers in the network collected data at the rate of 1 Hz; on the aircraft 2 Hz data were collected. The solutions were calculated in post-processing mode, at 2 Hz. To verify the quality of the aircraft trajectories determined by the wide-area technique, they were compared to the customary short-baseline solutions with local reference stations set up within a few kilometers of the flight path of the airplane. Finally, the digital elevation model (DEM) obtained from the calibration flight data and a precise wide-area GNSS trajectory was compared to the DEM made with the usual short-baseline method [reword]. In all cases the agreement was excellent. C1 [Colombo, Oscar L.] NASA, UMBC, Goddard SFC, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Colombo, OL (reprint author), NASA, UMBC, Goddard SFC, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2010 BP 1004 EP 1018 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BUY82 UT WOS:000290734901004 ER PT B AU Sparks, L Blanch, J Pandya, N AF Sparks, Lawrence Blanch, Juan Pandya, Nitin GP ION TI Kriging as a Means of Improving WAAS Availability SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-2010) CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Portland, OR AB The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), an augmentation of the Global Positioning System (GPS), provides safe and reliable use of GPS signals for airline navigation over much of North America. Currently the largest source of positioning error in the system is signal delay caused by the ionosphere. To allow the user to take account of such error, WAAS computes and broadcasts ionospheric vertical delays at a set of regularly-spaced grid points. In addition, WAAS computes and broadcasts a safety-critical integrity bound at each ionospheric grid point (IGP) called the Grid Ionospheric Vertical Error (GIVE). GIVEs are constructed to be sufficiently large to protect the user against positioning error due to the presence of ionospheric irregularity. In the initial operating capability (IOC) of WAAS, the vertical delay estimate at each IGP is determined from a planar fit of neighboring slant delay measurements, projected to vertical using an obliquity factor specified by the standard thin-shell model of the ionosphere. In WAAS Follow-On (WFO) Release 3, however, the vertical delay will be estimated by an established, geo-statistical technique known as kriging. Compared to the planar fit model, the kriging model is found, in general, to match better the observed random structure of the vertical delay. This paper presents the kriging methodology that will be used to estimate the vertical delay and its uncertainty at each IGP, and it assesses the subsequent improvement in WAAS availability enabled by kriging. C1 [Sparks, Lawrence] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sparks, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2010 BP 2013 EP 2020 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BUY82 UT WOS:000290734902007 ER PT J AU Weiss, JP Bar-Sever, Y Bertiger, W Romans, LJ AF Weiss, Jan P. Bar-Sever, Yoaz Bertiger, Willy Romans, Larry J. GP ION TI Near Real Time Precise Orbit and Clock Determination for GLONASS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-2010) CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Portland, OR ID MODEL; IGS AB We present a near real-time precise orbit and clock determination system for the GLONASS constellation. The system utilizes tracking data from a global network of GPS+GLONASS receivers and a hybrid GPS/GLONASS estimation strategy to produce GLONASS spacecraft orbit and clock estimates with a latency of about 1.5 hours. This paper provides a detailed overview of our processing system and estimation strategy, and describes challenges unique to the GLONASS system. We assess orbit and clock solution accuracy via internal and external metrics. The near real-time orbit solutions are shown to be accurate to better than 15 cm (1D) in the RMS sense, while the clock solutions are shown to be accurate at the 30-40 cm level (RMS). We further assess the near real-time products by performing GLONASS-only static and kinematic precise point positioning for 20 globally distributed sites over a period of 4 weeks. The 3D median position estimate accuracy is 4.7 cm and 7.4 cm for the static and kinematic test, respectively. C1 [Weiss, Jan P.; Bar-Sever, Yoaz; Bertiger, Willy; Romans, Larry J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Weiss, JP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2010 BP 2771 EP 2777 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BUY82 UT WOS:000290734902073 ER PT J AU Kuang, D Bertiger, W Desai, S Haines, B AF Kuang, Da Bertiger, William Desai, Shailen Haines, Bruce GP ION TI Precise Orbit Determination for LEO Spacecraft Using GNSS Tracking Data from Multiple Antennas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-2010) CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Portland, OR AB To support various applications, certain Earth-orbiting spacecraft (e. g., SRTM, COSMIC) use multiple Global Navigation and Satellite System (GNSS) antennas to provide tracking data for precise orbit determination (POD). POD using GNSS tracking data from multiple antennas poses some special technical issues compared to the typical single-antenna approach. In this paper, we investigate some of these issues using both real and simulated data. Recommendations are provided for POD with multiple GNSS antennas and for antenna configuration design. The observability of satellite position with multiple-antenna data is compared against the single-antenna case. The impact of differential clock (line biases) and line-of-sight (up, along-track, and cross-track) on kinematic and reduced-dynamic POD is evaluated. The accuracy of monitoring the stability of the spacecraft structure by simultaneously performing POD of the spacecraft and relative positioning of the multiple antennas is also investigated. C1 [Kuang, Da; Desai, Shailen] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Orbiter & Radio Metr Syst Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kuang, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Orbiter & Radio Metr Syst Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2010 BP 2778 EP 2788 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BUY82 UT WOS:000290734902074 ER PT S AU Johnson, M Bradshaw, JM Feltovich, PJ Jonker, C Sierhuis, M van Riemsdijk, B AF Johnson, Matthew Bradshaw, Jeffrey M. Feltovich, Paul J. Jonker, Catholijn Sierhuis, Maarten van Riemsdijk, Birna GP IEEE TI Toward Coactivity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH ACM/IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION (HRI 2010) SE ACMIEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) CY MAR 02-05, 2010 CL Jst Erato Asada Project, Osaka, JAPAN SP ACM, IEEE, ACM SIGCHI, ACM SIGART, IEEE Robot & Automat, AAAI, Human Factors & Ergon Soc, IEEE Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Robot Lab HO Jst Erato Asada Project DE coactive; coordination; autonomy; interdependence AB This paper introduces the concept of Coactivity as a new focal point for Human-Robot Interaction to address the more sophisticated roles of partner or teammate envisioned for future human-robot systems. We propose that most approaches to date have focused on autonomy and suggest that autonomy is the wrong focal point. The envisioned roles, if properly performed, have a high level of interdependence that cannot be addressed solely by autonomy and necessitate a focus on the coactivity. C1 [Johnson, Matthew; Bradshaw, Jeffrey M.; Feltovich, Paul J.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL 34471 USA. [Jonker, Catholijn; van Riemsdijk, Birna] Delft Univ Technol, EEMCS, Delft, Netherlands. [Sierhuis, Maarten] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL 34471 USA. EM mjohnson@ihmc.us; jbradshaw@ihmc.us; pfeltovich@ihmc.us; c.m.jonker@tudelft.nl; msierhuis@mail.arc.nasa.gov; m.b.vanriemsdijk@tudelft.nl NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2167-2121 BN 978-1-4244-4893-7 J9 ACMIEEE INT CONF HUM PY 2010 BP 101 EP 102 DI 10.1145/1734454.1734492 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BH0DS UT WOS:000394675400027 ER PT B AU Kurtoglu, T Leone, KM Sandifer, CE Reveley, MS Thomas, MA Venti, M AF Kurtoglu, Tolga Leone, Karen M. Sandifer, Carl E. Reveley, Mary S. Thomas, Megan A. Venti, Mike GP ASME TI A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SYSTEMS HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND THE ASSESSMENT OF FUTURE RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS: A SAFETY PERSPECTIVE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, DETC 2010, VOL 3, A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internationl Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Design Engn Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB A health management (HM) system is responsible for information gathering about a system's health and corresponding decision-making. BM systems are typically used to identify any degradation in performance that may affect safety or successful operations of a system. Effective long term development of successful health management solutions requires an improved understanding of the relationship between potential adverse events that may happen during flight, and validated tools, technologies, and techniques developed for mitigating their negative effects on system safety and functionality. This paper presents a study on the assessment of future requirements for systems health management technologies and related research areas. The gist of the paper is the mapping between systems health management technologies and damage conditions extracted from a study of aircraft accident and incident data. The goal of the study is to identify key research areas in systems health management and to recommend specific technology needs to support the development of integrated system health management tools, technologies, and techniques that will address safety related challenges facing current and future aircraft systems. C1 [Kurtoglu, Tolga] NASA, Mission Crit Technol, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kurtoglu, T (reprint author), NASA, Mission Crit Technol, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM tolga.kurtoglu@nasa.gov NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4411-3 PY 2010 BP 947 EP 958 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFM86 UT WOS:000320569900099 ER PT B AU DellaCorte, C AF DellaCorte, C. GP ASME TI NICKEL-TITANIUM ALLOYS FOR OIL-LUBRICATED BEARING AND MECHANICAL COMPONENT APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/STLE INTERNATIONAL JOINT TRIBOLOGY CONFERENCE - 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME/STLE International Joint Tribology Conference CY OCT 19-21, 2009 CL Memphis, TN SP ASME, Tribol Div, Soc Tribol & Lubricat Engineers ID TINI AB Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloys are normally associated with applications that exploit their shape memory characteristics. When properly formulated and processed, however, Ni-Ti is dimensionally stable and offers a unique blend of attributes suitable for tribological applications. This paper demonstrates that Ni-Ti alloys are promising candidate structural materials for oil-lubricated rolling and sliding contact applications such as bearings and gears. Ni-Ti alloys offer a broad combination of physical properties that make it unique among bearing materials. Ni-Ti alloys are hard, electrically conductive, highly corrosion resistant, readily machined prior to final heat treatment, non-galling and non-magnetic. No other bearing alloy, metallic or ceramic encompasses all of these attributes. Spiral orbit tribometer (SOT) tests were conducted using 60NiTi balls loaded between rotating 440C disks, lubricated with synthetic oil and tested in a vacuum. Excellent tribological performance (life and friction) was observed and lubricant degradation normally associated with titanium alloys was absent. It is anticipated that the Ni-Ti family of alloys may form the basis of an entirely new class of bearing and component materials. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP DellaCorte, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,Mail Stop 23-2, Cleveland, OH USA. EM Christopher.dellacorte@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4895-1 PY 2010 BP 225 EP 227 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BQZ49 UT WOS:000282210200058 ER PT B AU Hah, C Voges, M Mueller, M Schiffer, HP AF Hah, Chunill Voges, Melanie Mueller, Martin Schiffer, Heinz-Peter GP ASME TI CHARACTERISTICS OF TIP CLEARANCE FLOW INSTABILITY IN A TRANSONIC COMPRESSOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010: TURBOMACHINERY: AXIAL FLOW FAN AND COMPRESSOR AERODYNAMICS DESIGN METHODS, AND CFD MODELING FOR TURBOMACHINERY, VOL 7, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB In the present study, unsteady flow phenomena due to tip clearance flow instability in a modern transonic axial compressor rotor are studied in detail. First, unsteady flow characteristics due the oscillating tip clearance vortex measured with the particle image velocimetry (PIV) and casing-mounted unsteady pressure transducers are analyzed and compared to numerical results with a large eddy simulation (LES). Then, measured characteristic frequencies of the unsteady flow near stall operation are investigated. The overall purpose of the study is to advance the current understanding of the unsteady flow field near the blade tip in an axial transonic compressor rotor near the stall operating condition. Flow interaction between the tip leakage vortex and the passage shock is inherently unsteady in a transonic compressor. The currently applied PIV measurements indicate that the flow near the tip region is unsteady even at the design condition. This self-induced unsteadiness increases significantly as the compressor operates toward the stall condition. Ply data show that the tip clearance vortex oscillates substantially near stall. The calculated unsteady characteristics from LES agree well with the PIV measurements. Calculated unsteady flow fields show that the formation of the tip clearance vortex is intermittent and the concept of vortex breakdown from steady flow analysis does not seem 10 apply in the current flow field. Fluid with low momentum near the pressure side of the blade close to the leading edge periodically spills over into the adjacent blade passage. The spectral analysis of measured end wall and blade surface pressure shows that there are two dominant frequencies near stall. One frequency is about 40-60% of the rotor rotation and the other dominant frequency is about 40-60% of the blade passing frequency (BPF). The first frequency represents the movement of a large blockage over several consecutive blade passages against the rotor rotation. The second frequency represents traditional tip flow instability, which has been widely observed in subsonic compressors. The LES simulations show that the second. frequency is due to movement of the instability vortex. C1 [Hah, Chunill] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hah, C (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, MS 5-11, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4402-1 PY 2010 BP 63 EP 74 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVC10 UT WOS:000291010300006 ER PT B AU Celestina, ML Suder, KL Kulkarni, S AF Celestina, Mark L. Suder, Kenneth L. Kulkarni, Sameer GP ASME TI RESULTS OF AN ADVANCED FAN STAGE OVER A WIDE OPERATING RANGE OF SPEED AND BYPASS RATIO. PART II: COMPARISON OF CFD AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010: TURBOMACHINERY: AXIAL FLOW FAN AND COMPRESSOR AERODYNAMICS DESIGN METHODS, AND CFD MODELING FOR TURBOMACHINERY, VOL 7, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB NASA and GE teamed to design and build a 57% engine scaled fan stage for a Mach 4 variable cycle turbofan/ramjet engine for access to space with multipoint operations. This fan stage was tested in NASA's transonic compressor facility. The objectives of this test were to assess the aerodynamic and aero mechanic performance and operability characteristics of the fan stage over the entire range of engine operation including: 1) sea level static take-off; 2) transition over large swings in fan bypass ratio; 3) transition from turbofan to ramjet; and 4) fan wind-milling operation at high Mach flight conditions. This paper will focus on an assessment of APNASA, a multistage turbomachinery analysis code developed by NASA, to predict the fan stage performance and operability over a wide range of speeds (37% to 100%) and bypass ratios. C1 [Celestina, Mark L.; Suder, Kenneth L.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Celestina, ML (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4402-1 PY 2010 BP 465 EP 475 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVC10 UT WOS:000291010300040 ER PT B AU Liou, MS Lee, BJ AF Liou, Meng-Sing Lee, Byung Joon GP ASME TI MINIMIZING INLET DISTORTION FOR HYBRID WING BODY AIRCRAFT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010: TURBOMACHINERY: AXIAL FLOW FAN AND COMPRESSOR AERODYNAMICS DESIGN METHODS, AND CFD MODELING FOR TURBOMACHINERY, VOL 7, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID ADJOINT APPROACH AB A study of boundary-layer-ingesting flow in an upper-mounted offset inlet in NASA's hybrid wing body transport concept for achieving environmental and performance requirements has been carried out. The study aims specifically at minimizing flow distortion stemming from the ingested low-momentum fluid to the level acceptable to the operation of fan blades. In this paper, we will focus on using a discrete adjoint method to arrive at an optimized wall geometry, which is parametrically represented by design variables, for transonic turbulent flows described by 3D Navier-Stokes equations supplemented with kappa - omega - SST turbulence model. Of special interest herein is the flow physics resulting from optimization, revealing the intricate connections to the remarkable reduction in flow distortion and total pressure losses at the engine face. It is discovered that the secondary counter-rotating vortex pair commonly seen in an S-inlet is eliminated by energizing both core and boundary-layer fluids through the change of wall shape by a series of peaks and valleys, whose magnitudes and wave forms being functions of locations and unknown a priori are determined by the discrete adjoint method. Moreover, the optimal shape still holds similar level of superior performance at off-design conditions. The result may suggest a possible paradigm shift in flow control concept, away from disruptive penalty-ridden devices, by properly conditioning and guiding the flow. C1 [Liou, Meng-Sing] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Aeroprop Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Liou, MS (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Aeroprop Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM meng-sing.liou@nasa.gov; mdo.bjlee@gmail.com NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4402-1 PY 2010 BP 673 EP 685 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVC10 UT WOS:000291010300058 ER PT B AU Bruckner, RJ AF Bruckner, Robert J. GP ASME TI AN ASSESSMENT OF GAS FOIL BEARING SCALABILITY AND THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS TO CIVILIAN TURBOFAN ENGINES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Over the past several years the term oil-free turbomachinery has been used to describe a rotor support system for high speed turbomachinery that does not require oil for lubrication, damping, or cooling. The foundation technology for oil-free turbomachinery is the compliant foil bearing. This technology can replace the conventional rolling element bearings found in current engines. Two major benefits are realized with this technology. The primary benefit is the elimination of the oil lubrication system, accessory gearbox, tower shaft, and one turbine frame. These components account for 8-13% of the turbofan engine weight. The second benefit that compliant foil bearings offer to turbofan engines is the capability to operate at higher rotational speeds and shaft diameters. While traditional rolling element bearings have diminished life, reliability, and load capacity with increasing speeds, the foil bearing has a load capacity proportional to speed. The traditional applications for foil bearings have been in small, lightweight machines. However, recent advancements in the design and manufacturing of foil bearings have increased their potential size. An analysis, grounded in experimentally proven operation, is performed to assess the scalability of the modern foil bearing. This analysis coupled to the requirements of civilian turbofan engines. The application of the foil bearing to larger, high bypass ratio engines nominally at the 120 kN (similar to 25000 pound) thrust class has been examined. The application of this advanced technology to this system was found to reduce mission fuel burn by 3.05%. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Bruckner, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000004 ER PT B AU Jones, SM AF Jones, Scott M. GP ASME TI STEADY-STATE MODELING OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES USING THE NUMERICAL PROPULSION SYSTEM SIMULATION CODE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) code was created through a joint United States industry and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) effort to develop a state-of-the-art aircraft engine cycle analysis simulation tool. Written in the computer language C++, NPSS is an object-oriented framework allowing the gas turbine engine analyst considerable flexibility in cycle conceptual design and performance estimation. Furthermore, the tool was written with the assumption that most users would desire to easily add their own unique objects and calculations without the burden of modifying the source code. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to present an introduction to the discipline of thermodynamic cycle analysis to those who may have some basic knowledge in the individual areas of fluid flow, gas dynamics, thermodynamics, and turbomachinery theory but not necessarily how they are collectively used in engine cycle analysis. Second, this paper will show examples of performance modeling of gas turbine engine cycles specifically using Numerical Propulsion System Simulation concepts and model syntax. Current practices in industry and academia will also be discussed. While NPSS allows both steady-state and transient simulations and is written to facilitate higher orders of analysis fidelity, the pedagogical example will focus primarily on steady-state analysis of an aircraft mixed flow turbofan at the 0-D and 1-D level. Ultimately it is hoped that this paper will provide a starting point by which both the novice cycle analyst and the experienced engineer looking to transition to a superior tool can use NPSS to analyze any kind of practical gas turbine engine cycle in detail. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Jones, SM (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 89 EP 116 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000010 ER PT B AU Tong, MT AF Tong, Michael T. GP ASME TI AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF EMERGING HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS ON ENGINE CYCLE PERFORMANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst DE single-aisle aircraft; TSFC; CMC; advanced; NOx metallic; thermal; environmental barrier coating AB Rising concerns about air quality and climate change have made environmental protection one of the most critical issues in aviation today. To achieve environmental protection that allows sustained long-term aviation growth, NASA Glenn (GRC) has been engaged in the development of advanced high-temperature materials and thermal and environmental barrier coatings under its Fundamental Aeronautics and Environmentally Responsible Aviation Programs, with specific objectives to increase engine operating temperature and efficiency, reduce cooling requirements, reduce engine weight, reduce fuel consumption, and increase engine reliability. A parametric study was performed to assess the impact of these advanced materials and coatings on engine performance, with thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC) and LTO (landing-and-takeoff) NOx emissions as the key metrics. An ultra-high bypass ratio (UHB) separate flow turbofan engine for an advanced twin-engine single-aisle transport (B737/A320 class aircraft), with a sea-level static thrust of 107-kN thrust (23,000-pound), was chosen for the study. This paper presents the engine performance benefits from these advanced materials and coatings. C1 NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Tong, MT (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000011 ER PT B AU Brown, C Henderson, B Bridges, J AF Brown, Clifford Henderson, Brenda Bridges, James GP ASME TI DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR SUPERSONIC JET NOISE MEASUREMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The noise created by a supersonic aircraft is a primary concern in the design of future high-speed planes. The jet noise reduction technologies required on these aircraft will be developed using scale-models mounted to experimental jet rigs designed to simulate the exhaust gases from a full-scale jet engine. The jet noise data collected in these experiments must accurately predict the noise levels produced by the full-scale hardware in order to be a useful development tool. A methodology has been adopted at the NASA Glenn Research Center's Aero-Acoustic Propulsion Laboratory to insure the quality of the supersonic jet noise data acquired from the facility's High Flow Jet Exit Rig so that it can be used to develop future nozzle technologies that reduce supersonic jet noise. The methodology relies on mitigating extraneous noise sources, examining the impact of measurement location on the acoustic results, and investigating the facility independence of the measurements. The methodology is documented here as a basis for validating future improvements and its limitations are noted so that they do not affect the data analysis. Maintaining a high quality jet noise laboratory is an ongoing process. By carefully examining the data produced and continually following this methodology, data quality can be maintained and improved over time. C1 [Brown, Clifford; Henderson, Brenda; Bridges, James] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Brown, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 155 EP 167 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000015 ER PT B AU Podboy, GG Bridges, JE Henderson, BS AF Podboy, Gary G. Bridges, James E. Henderson, Brenda S. GP ASME TI PHASED ARRAY NOISE SOURCE LOCALIZATION MEASUREMENTS OF AN F404 NOZZLE PLUME AT BOTH FULL AND MODEL SCALE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB A 48-microphone planar phased array system was used to acquire jet noise source localization data on both a full-scale F404-GE-F400 engine and on a 1/4(th) scale model of a F400 series nozzle. The full-scale engine test data show the location of the dominant noise sources in the jet plume as a function of frequency for the engine in both baseline (no chevron) and chevron configurations. Data are presented for the engine operating both with and without afterburners. Based on lessons learned during this test, a set of recommendations are provided regarding how the phased array measurement system could be modified in order to obtain more useful acoustic source localization data on high-performance military engines in the future. The data obtained on the 1/4(th) scale F400 series nozzle provide useful insights regarding the full-scale engine jet noise source mechanisms, and document some of the differences associated with testing at model-scale versus full-scale. C1 [Podboy, Gary G.; Bridges, James E.; Henderson, Brenda S.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Podboy, GG (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 179 EP 208 PG 30 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000017 ER PT B AU Povinelli, LA AF Povinelli, Louis A. GP ASME TI TECHNICAL CHALLENGES FOR COMMERCAL SUPERSONIC PROPULSION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The NASA Supersonics Project is focused on overcoming the major technical challenges associated with the development of commercial supersonic flight. The NASA Project has identified a number of technical issues that must be overcome in order for this mode of flight to become practical. In particular, the propulsion technologies must meet all of the current subsonic engine noise and emissions regulations at takeoff and landing, as well as acceptable particulate and water emissions at high altitude. High specific thrust will be required, and the effect of shocks associated with the engine inlets, nacelles and exhaust plumes must be minimized in order to achieve a low boom signature. High temperature, light weight materials are vital to achieving acceptable long range durability and efficiency. The main emphasis of this paper will be concerned with the improvements required for the propulsion system in order to achieve the goals established over the 2015 to 2030 time period. The need to successfully integrate the engine with the vehicle remains a critical issue that needs to be accomplished. This presentation presents the ongoing research activities toward achieving these goals. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Povinelli, LA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 411 EP 426 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000038 ER PT B AU Hurst, JB AF Hurst, Janet B. GP ASME TI MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES RESEARCH FOR GAS TURBINE APPLICATIONS WITHIN THE NASA SUBSONIC FIXED WING PROJECT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY; NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FAILURE-DETECTION; NANOTUBES; DESIGN AB In an era of both declining NASA budgets and demanding space goals, the NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate has elected to address foundational research problems for aeronautics. To this end, the Subsonic Fixed Wing (SFW) Project, within the Fundamental Aeronautics Program, has selected challenging goals which anticipate an increasing emphasis on aviation's impact upon the global issue of environmental responsibility. These SFW project goals are greatly reduced noise, reduced emissions and reduced fuel consumption. Specific goals, selected by a combination of systems analysis, experience and industry input, are generational in approach, addressing 25 to 30 years of technology development. Successful implementation of these demanding goals will require development of new materials and structural approaches within gas turbine propulsion technology. The Materials and Structures discipline, within the SFW project, comprise cross-cutting technologies ranging from basic investigations to component validation in laboratory environments. Material advances are teamed with innovative designs in a multidisciplinary approach with the resulting technology advances directed to promote the goals of reduced noise and emissions along with improved performance. For propulsion needs, these technologies have been grouped into three basic categories. The first is improved hot section materials for hotter engines with minimal cooling requirements to promote reduced NO and fuel burn. Among the technologies of interest have been new alloy compositions and improved thermal barrier coatings systems with improved capabilities. The second category being investigated for propulsion applications is lightweight and multifunctional systems which will permit reduced fuel burn via weight reduction in the engine and its surrounding structure. An example of this technology is High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys (HTSMA) for actuation applications requiring large displacements and low frequencies such as chevrons and variable area nozzles for high bypass ratio engines. The final area under investigation is the concept of the more electric aircraft, which at this time is focused primarily on turboelectric technology as a available to make reasonable progress. Technologies from very basic fundamental research to nearer term concepts are included. Additionally, vigorous supplementation of in-house capabilities is revolutionary approach to the entire SFW design space. Major challenges to be addressed in this field include improved cryocoolers and superconducting materials. A brief overview is presented of the current materials and structures research focused upon propulsion applications within the NASA Subsonic Fixed Wing Project. As such, it does not comprise. the entirety of materials and structures research for gas turbine engines at NASA. Several other projects also include research of this type to address their specific project goals. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Hurst, JB (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4396-3 PY 2010 BP 721 EP 731 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUY29 UT WOS:000290692000070 ER PT B AU Heath, CM Hicks, YR Anderson, RC Locke, RJ AF Heath, Christopher M. Hicks, Yolanda R. Anderson, Robert C. Locke, Randy J. GP ASME TI OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A MULTIPOINT LEAN DIRECT INJECTOR FOR GAS TURBINE COMBUSTORS: VELOCITY AND FUEL DROP SIZE MEASUREMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Performance of a multipoint, lean direct injection (MP-LDI) strategy for low emission aero-propulsion systems has been tested in a Jet-A fueled, lean flame tube combustion rig. Operating conditions for the series of tests included inlet air temperatures between 672 K and 828 K, pressures between 1034 kPa and 1379 kPa and total equivalence ratios between 0.41 and 0.45, resulting in equilibrium flame temperatures approaching 1800 K. Ranges of operation were selected to represent the spectrum of subsonic and supersonic flight conditions projected for the next-generation of commercial aircraft. This document reports laser-based measurements of in situ fuel velocities and fuel drop sizes for the NASA 9-point LDI hardware arranged in a 3 x 3 square grid configuration. Data obtained represent a region of the flame tube combustor with optical access that extends 38.1-mm downstream of the fuel injection site. All data were obtained within reacting flows, without particle seeding. Two diagnostic methods were employed to evaluate the resulting flow path. Three-component velocity fields have been captured using phase Doppler interferometry (PDI), and two-component velocity distributions using planar particle image velocimetry (PIV). Data from these techniques have also offered insight into fuel drop size and distribution, fuel injector spray angle and pattern, turbulence intensity, degree of vaporization and extent of reaction. This research serves to characterize operation of the baseline NASA 9-point LDI strategy for potential use in future gas-turbine combustor applications. An additional motive is the compilation of a comprehensive database to facilitate understanding of combustor fuel injector aerodynamics and fuel vaporization processes, which in turn may be used to validate computational fluid dynamics codes, such as the National Combustor Code (NCC), among others. C1 [Heath, Christopher M.; Hicks, Yolanda R.; Anderson, Robert C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Heath, CM (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4397-0 PY 2010 BP 791 EP 802 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BUY33 UT WOS:000290693200076 ER PT B AU Bulzan, D Anderson, B Wey, C Howard, R Winstead, E Beyersdorf, A Corporan, E DeWitt, MJ Klingshirn, C Herndon, S Miake-Lye, R Timko, M Wood, E Tacina, KM Liscinsky, D Hagen, D Lobo, P Whitefield, P AF Bulzan, Dan Anderson, Bruce Wey, Changlie Howard, Robert Winstead, Edward Beyersdorf, Andreas Corporan, Edwin DeWitt, Matthew J. Klingshirn, Chris Herndon, Scott Miake-Lye, Richard Timko, Michael Wood, Ezra Tacina, Kathleen M. Liscinsky, David Hagen, Donald Lobo, Prem Whitefield, Phillip GP ASME TI GASEOUS AND PARTICULATE EMISSIONS RESULTS OF THE NASA ALTERNATIVE AVIATION FUEL EXPERIMENT (AAFEX) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS AB The Aircraft Alternative Fuels Emissions eXperiment (AAFEX) was conducted at National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) Aircraft Operations Facility (DAOF) in Palmdale, California, during January and February 2009. The purpose was to systematically investigate the effect of alternative fuels on both gas-phase and particle emissions from a CFM56-2C1 engine on NASA's DC-8 aircraft parked on the ground as functions of engine power, fuel composition, and exhaust plume age. Emissions parameters were measured at 6 engine power settings, ranging from idle to maximum thrust, in samples collected at 1, 30, and 145 meters (m) downstream of the exhaust plane as the aircraft burned three pure fuels and two fuel blends. The fuels included JP-8, two fuels produced using the Fischer-Tropsch process and 50/50 blends by volume of the F-T fuels with JP-8. The 1 m sampling rakes contained multiple gas and particle inlet probes and could also be traversed in order to measure the spatial variation of emissions across the engine exhaust plane. The #2 inboard engine on the left side always burned JP-8 while the #3 inboard right side engine was fueled with the various fuels and fuel blends. In addition, emissions from the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) were also evaluated with both JP-8 and one pure F-T fuel. Both gaseous and particulate emissions are presented. Results show that the synthetic fuels reduced pollutant emissions while having relatively little effect on engine operation or performance. C1 [Bulzan, Dan; Tacina, Kathleen M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Bulzan, D (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RI Lobo, Prem/E-8860-2013 OI Lobo, Prem/0000-0003-0626-6646 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4397-0 PY 2010 BP 1195 EP 1207 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BUY33 UT WOS:000290693200113 ER PT B AU Tacina, KM Heath, CM AF Tacina, Kathleen M. Heath, Christopher M. GP ASME TI EVOLUTION OF COMBUSTION-GENERATED PARTICLES AT TROPOSPHERIC CONDITIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID JETS AB This paper describes particle evolution measurements taken in the Particulate Aerosol Laboratory (PAL). The PAL consists of a burner capable of burning jet fuel that exhausts into an altitude chamber that can simulate temperature and pressure conditions up to 13,700 m. After presenting results from initial temperature distributions inside the chamber, particle count data measured in the altitude chamber are shown. Initial particle count data show that the sampling system can have a significant effect on the measured particle distribution: both the value of particle number concentration and the shape of the radial distribution of the particle number concentration depend on whether the measurement probe is heated or unheated. C1 [Tacina, Kathleen M.; Heath, Christopher M.] NASA, Combust Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Tacina, KM (reprint author), NASA, Combust Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Kathleen.M.Tacina@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4397-0 PY 2010 BP 1289 EP 1299 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BUY33 UT WOS:000290693200121 ER PT B AU Garg, S Schadow, K Horn, W Pfoertner, H Stiharu, I AF Garg, Sanjay Schadow, Klaus Horn, Wolfgang Pfoertner, Hugo Stiharu, Ion GP ASME TI SENSOR AND ACTUATOR NEEDS FOR MORE INTELLIGENT GAS TURBINE ENGINES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper provides an overview of the controls and diagnostics technologies, that are seen as critical for more intelligent gas turbine engines (GTE), with an emphasis on the sensor and actuator technologies that need to be developed for the controls and diagnostics implementation. The objective of the paper is to help the "Customers" of advanced technologies, defense acquisition and aerospace research agencies, understand the state-of-the-art of intelligent GTE technologies, and help the "Researchers" and "Technology Developers" for GTE sensors and actuators identify what technologies need to be developed to enable the "Intelligent GTE" concepts and focus their research efforts on closing the technology gap. To keep the effort manageable, the focus of the paper is on "On-Board Intelligence" to enable safe and efficient operation of the engine over its life time, with an emphasis on gas path performance. C1 [Garg, Sanjay] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Garg, S (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4398-7 PY 2010 BP 155 EP 167 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUY35 UT WOS:000290693400016 ER PT B AU Simon, DL Litt, JS AF Simon, Donald L. Litt, Jonathan S. GP ASME TI A DATA FILTER FOR IDENTIFYING STEADY-STATE OPERATING POINTS IN ENGINE FLIGHT DATA FOR CONDITION MONITORING APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB This paper presents an algorithm that automatically identifies and extracts steady-state engine operating points from engine flight data. It calculates the mean and standard deviation of select parameters contained in the incoming flight data stream. If the standard deviation of the data falls below defined constraints, the engine is assumed to be at a steady-state operating point, and the mean measurement data at that point are archived for subsequent condition monitoring purposes. The fundamental design of the steady-state data filter is completely generic and applicable for any dynamic system. Additional domain-specific logic constraints are applied to reduce data outliers and variance within the collected steady-state data. The filter is designed for on-line real-time processing of streaming data as opposed to post-processing of the data in batch mode. Results of applying the steady-state data filter to recorded helicopter engine flight data are shown, demonstrating its utility for engine condition monitoring applications. C1 [Simon, Donald L.; Litt, Jonathan S.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Simon, DL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4398-7 PY 2010 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUY35 UT WOS:000290693400019 ER PT B AU Kopasakis, G AF Kopasakis, George GP ASME TI MODELING OF ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE AS DISTURBANCES FOR CONTROL DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF HIGH SPEED PROPULSION SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Atmospheric turbulence models are necessary for the design of both inlet/engine: and flight controls, as well as for studying integrated couplings between the propulsion and the vehicle structural dynamics for supersonic vehicles. Models based on the Kolmogorov spectrum have been previously utilized to model atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, a more accurate model is developed in its representative fractional order form, typical of atmospheric disturbances. This is accomplished by first scaling the Kolmogorov spectral to convert them into finite energy von Karman forms. Then a generalized formulation is developed in frequency domain for these scale models that approximates the fractional order with the products of first order transfer functions. Given the parameters describing the conditions of atmospheric disturbances and utilizing the derived formulations, the objective is to directly compute the transfer functions that describe these disturbances for acoustic velocity, temperature, pressure and density. Utilizing these computed transfer functions and choosing the disturbance frequencies of interest, time domain simulations of these representative atmospheric turbulences can be developed. These disturbance representations are then used to first develop considerations for disturbance rejection specifications for the design of the propulsion control system, and then to evaluate the closed-loop performance. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kopasakis, G (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4398-7 PY 2010 BP 201 EP 213 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUY35 UT WOS:000290693400020 ER PT B AU Culley, D AF Culley, Dennis GP ASME TI TRANSITION IN GAS TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE: MODULAR, DISTRIBUTED AND EMBEDDED SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Controls systems are an increasingly important component of turbine-engine system technology. However, as engines become more capable, the control system itself becomes ever more constrained by the inherent environmental conditions of the engine; a relationship forced by the continued reliance on commercial electronics technology. A revolutionary change in the architecture of turbine-engine control systems will change this paradigm and result in fully distributed engine control systems. Initially, the revolution will begin with the physical decoupling of the control law processor from the hostile: engine environment using a digital communications network and engine-mounted high temperature electronics requiring little or no thermal control. The vision for the evolution of distributed control capability from this initial implementation to fully distributed and embedded control is described in a roadmap and implementation plan. The development of this plan is the result of discussions with government and industry stakeholders. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Culley, D (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4398-7 PY 2010 BP 287 EP 297 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BUY35 UT WOS:000290693400028 ER PT B AU Shyam, V Ameri, A Chen, JP AF Shyam, Vikram Ameri, Ali Chen, Jen-Ping GP ASME TI ANALYSIS OF UNSTEADY TIP AND ENDWALL HEAT TRANSFER IN A HIGHLY LOADED TRANSONIC TURBINE STAGE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID EFFICIENCY AB In a previous study, vane-rotor shock interactions and heat transfer on the rotor blade of a highly loaded transonic turbine stage were simulated. The geometry consists of a high pressure turbine vane and downstream rotor blade. This study focuses on the physics of flow and heat transfer in the rotor tip, casing and hub regions. The simulation was performed using the URANS (Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) code MSU-TURBO. A low Reynolds number k-epsilon model was utilized to model turbulence. The rotor blade in question has a tip gap height of 2.1% of the blade height. The Reynolds number of the flow is approximately 3x10(6) per meter. Unsteadiness was observed at the tip surface that results in intermittent 'hot spots'. It is demonstrated that unsteadiness in the tip gap is governed by inviscid effects due to high speed flow and is not strongly dependent on pressure ratio across the tip gap contrary to published observations that have primarily dealt with subsonic tip flows. The high relative Mach numbers in the tip gap lead to a choking of the leakage flow that translates to a relative attenuation of losses at higher loading. The efficacy of new tip geometry is discussed to minimize heat flux at the tip while maintaining choked conditions. In addition, an explanation is provided that shows the mechanism behind the rise in stagnation temperature on the casing to values above the absolute total temperature at the inlet. It is concluded that even in steady mode, work transfer to the near tip fluid occurs due to relative shearing by the casing. This is believed to be the first such explanation of the work transfer phenomenon in the open literature. The difference in pattern between steady and time-averaged heat flux at the hub is also explained. C1 [Shyam, Vikram; Ameri, Ali] Ohio State Univ, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Shyam, V (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4399-4 PY 2010 BP 645 EP 656 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BUY36 UT WOS:000290693500058 ER PT B AU Boyle, RJ Ameri, AA AF Boyle, Robert J. Ameri, Ali A. GP ASME TI A Correlation Approach to Predicting Film Cooled Turbine Vane Heat Transfer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID CURVATURE AB A correlation is developed to predict film cooling effectiveness for turbine vanes. Heat transfer data from a number of different sources is examined to determine if the correlation satisfactorily predicts film cooled vane heat transfer data. Predictions are made for a range of variables encountered in these data. The primary purpose of this work is to demonstrate how well film cooling correlations, developed from large scale experiments, can be utilized to predict turbine blade heat transfer. The correlation that is developed accounts for blowing ratio, Reynolds number, turbulence intensity, and surface curvature. A second purpose of this work is to illustrate the importance of comparing predictions with data at a sufficiently high Reynolds number to be applicable to first; stage turbine vanes of future engines with their increased overall pressure ratios. C1 [Boyle, Robert J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Boyle, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. EM rbrjboyle760@gmail.com; Ali.A.Ameri@nasa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4399-4 PY 2010 BP 1841 EP 1856 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BUY36 UT WOS:000290693500161 ER PT B AU DellaCorte, C Bruckner, RJ AF DellaCorte, Christopher Bruckner, Robert J. GP ASME TI REMAINING TECHNICAL CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PLANS FOR OIL-FREE TURBOMACHINERY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID FOIL AIR BEARINGS; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN AB The application of Oil-Free technologies (foil gas bearings, solid lubricants and advanced analysis and predictive modeling tools) to advanced turbomachinery has been underway for several decades. During that time, full commercialization has occurred in aircraft air cycle machines, turbocompressors and cryocoolers and ever-larger microturbines. Emerging products in the automotive sector (turbochargers and superchargers) indicate that high volume serial production of foil bearings is imminent. Demonstration of foil bearings in APU's and select locations in propulsion gas turbines illustrates that such technology also has a place in these future systems. Foil bearing designs, predictive tools and advanced solid lubricants have been reported that can satisfy anticipated requirements but a major question remains regarding the scalability of foil bearings to ever larger sizes to support heavier rotors. In this paper, the technological history, primary physics, engineering practicalities and existing experimental and experiential database for scaling foil bearings are reviewed and the major remaining technical challenges are identified. C1 [DellaCorte, Christopher; Bruckner, Robert J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP DellaCorte, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4400-7 PY 2010 BP 249 EP 258 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVA93 UT WOS:000290919900025 ER PT B AU Howard, SA San Andres, L AF Howard, Samuel A. San Andres, Luis GP ASME TI A NEW ANALYSIS TOOL ASSESSMENT FOR ROTORDYNAMIC MODELING OF GAS FOIL BEARINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID COUPLED FINITE-ELEMENT; JOURNAL BEARINGS; STRUCTURAL STIFFNESS; DAMPING COEFFICIENTS; THRUST-BEARINGS; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; FLOW; LOAD AB Gas foil bearings offer several advantages over traditional bearing types that make them attractive for use in high-speed turbomachinery. They can operate at very high temperatures, require no lubrication supply (oil pumps, seals, etc), exhibit very long life with no maintenance, and once operating airborne, have very low power loss. The use of gas foil bearings in high-speed turbomachinery has been accelerating in recent years, although the pace has been slow. One of the contributing factors to the slow growth has been a lack of analysis tools, benchmarked to measurements, to predict gas foil bearing behavior in rotating machinery. To address this shortcoming, NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has supported the development of analytical tools to predict gas foil bearing performance. One of the codes has the capability to predict rotordynamic coefficients, power loss, film thickness, structural deformation, and more. The current paper presents an assessment of the predictive capability of the code, named XLGFBTH (c). A test rig at GRC is used as a simulated case study to compare rotordynamic analysis using output from the code to actual rotor response as measured in the test rig. The test rig rotor is supported on two gas foil journal bearings manufactured at GRC, with all pertinent geometry disclosed. The resulting comparison shows that the rotordynamic coefficients calculated using XLGFBTH (c) represent the dynamics of the system reasonably well, especially as they pertain to predicting critical speeds. C1 [Howard, Samuel A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Howard, SA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. OI San Andres, Luis/0000-0002-9619-3817 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4401-4 PY 2010 BP 135 EP 145 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVB00 UT WOS:000290927800014 ER PT B AU Pai, SS Nagpal, VK Bhattacharya, N AF Pai, Shantaram. S. Nagpal, Vinod. K. Bhattacharya, N. GP ASME TI PROBABILISTIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ANNULAR DEFORMATION RESISTANCE WELDING PROCESS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB An effort has been ongoing to integrate manufacturing process simulations with probabilistic structural analyses in order to capture the important impacts of manufacturing uncertainties on component stress levels and life. A physics-based manufacturing process simulation code has been linked to the NESSUS structural analysis code to analyze annular deformation resistance welding manufacturing process. This paper describes the methodology developed to perform this integration, including an example. Although this effort is underway, particularly for fuller integration of a probabilistic analysis, the progress to date has been encouraging and a software interface that implements the methodology has been developed. The purpose of this paper is to report this development. C1 [Pai, Shantaram. S.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Pai, SS (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4401-4 PY 2010 BP 673 EP 682 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVB00 UT WOS:000290927800070 ER PT B AU Provenza, AJ Duffy, KP AF Provenza, Andrew J. Duffy, Kirsten P. GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING TURBOMACHINERY BLADE DAMPING USING MAGNETIC BEARING EXCITATION AND NON-CONTACTING OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2010, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2010 CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Experiments to determine the effects of turbomachinery fan blade damping concepts such as passively shunted piezoelectric materials on blade response are ongoing at the NASA Glenn Research Center. A vertical rotor is suspended and excited with active magnetic bearings (AMBs) usually in a vacuum chamber to eliminate aerodynamic forces. Electromagnetic rotor excitation is superimposed onto rotor PD-controlled support and can be fixed to either a stationary or rotating frame of reference. The rotor speed is controlled with an air turbine system. Blade vibrations are measured using optical probes as part of a Non-Contacting Stress Measurement System (NSMS). Damping is calculated from these measurements. It can be difficult to get accurate damping measurements using this experimental setup and some of the details of how to obtain quality results are seemingly nontrivial. The intent of this paper is to present those details. C1 [Provenza, Andrew J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Provenza, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4401-4 PY 2010 BP 739 EP 747 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BVB00 UT WOS:000290927800077 ER PT J AU Nghiem, SV Neumann, G AF Nghiem, S. V. Neumann, G. BE Dini, P Popescu, M TI New Method to Measure High-Resolution Wind from a Decade of NASA Satellite Scatterometer Data for Offshore Wind Energy Development SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOSCIENCES, (BIOSCIENCESWORLD 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Biosciences (BioSciencesWorld) CY MAR 07-13, 2010 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP IARIA, IEEE Comp Soc DE Offshore wind energy; power density; satellite scatterometer ID LAND AB A new method is developed to obtain a unique dataset of offshore wind climatology at 1-km posting from a decade of NASA QuikSCAT satellite scatterometer data. High-resolution scatterometer results, as close as 10-15 km to shore, are compared with model patterns of the National Renewable Laboratory (NREL) wind density classes to show potential areas for wind energy development in near-shore waters. High-resolution wind atlases can be made for various science studies and practical applications. C1 [Nghiem, S. V.; Neumann, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Nghiem, SV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Son.V.Nghiem@jpl.nasa.gov; Gregory.Neumann@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; JPL Earth Science and Technology Directorate FX The research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, was supported under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Special thanks for the support of the JPL Earth Science and Technology Directorate. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3968-3 PY 2010 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1109/BioSciencesWorld.2010.22 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG9JA UT WOS:000393297600020 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, G AF Chattopadhyay, Goutam GP IEEE TI Terahertz Antennas and Systems for Space Borne Platforms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP esa, CST, FEKO, TICRA, ANSOFT, ANSYS, speag, fractus, IET, WILEY-BLACKWELL, EPFL, EUREL, UPC ID SUBMILLIMETER ASTRONOMY; MILLIMETER-WAVE; INTERFEROMETRY; SPECTROMETER; TECHNOLOGY; CORRELATOR; MIXERS; ARRAY AB Space based applications in astrophysics, planetary, and Earth sciences have been the primary drivers for the technology developments in the terahertz frequency band. In this paper we review the status of the terahertz technology today as it applies to antennas and systems and discuss the future needs and direction. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 168-314,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM goutam@.jpl.nasa.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-84-7653-472-4 PY 2010 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXN69 UT WOS:000296541704049 ER PT J AU Deshpande, MD Zhang, ZN Starr, DO Racette, PE Hersey, KE Marx, CT du Toit, CF Mahnad, AR AF Deshpande, Manohar D. Zhang Zhaona Starr, David O. Racette, Paul E. Hersey, Kenneth E. Marx, Catherine T. du Toit, Cornelis F. Mahnad, Ali R. GP IEEE TI Near-Field Amplitude-Only Measurement System to Validate Performance of mm-Wave Antennas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP esa, CST, FEKO, TICRA, ANSOFT, ANSYS, speag, fractus, IET, WILEY-BLACKWELL, EPFL, EUREL, UPC ID PHASE AB This paper presents design and experimental validation of the radiation performance of a mm wave antenna comprising of a torroidal shaped reflector with multiple sub reflectors to be used in NASA's SIRICE mission. Design aspects of the SIRICE antenna system are discussed and a near-field amplitude-only measurement setup is described for experimental validation of the radiation performance of the SIRICE antenna. A global optimization procedure, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), was used to estimate the phase front of the measured near-field. The radiation performance of a standard X-band antenna obtained from near-field amplitude-only measurements is compared with its documented performance. C1 [Deshpande, Manohar D.; Zhang Zhaona; Starr, David O.; Racette, Paul E.; Hersey, Kenneth E.; Marx, Catherine T.; du Toit, Cornelis F.; Mahnad, Ali R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Deshpande, MD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Manohar.d.deshpande@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-84-7653-472-4 PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXN69 UT WOS:000296541701061 ER PT J AU Imbriale, WA Weinreb, S Jones, G Mani, H AF Imbriale, W. A. Weinreb, Sander Jones, Glen Mani, Handi GP IEEE TI RF Performance of the GAVRT Wideband Radio Telescope (EuCAP 2010) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP esa, CST, FEKO, TICRA, ANSOFT, ANSYS, speag, fractus, IET, WILEY-BLACKWELL, EPFL, EUREL, UPC AB A wideband Radio Telescope was designed and built for use in the Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) program. It uses an existing 34-meter antenna retrofitted with a tertiary offset mirror placed at the apex of the main reflector. It can be rotated to use two feeds that cover the 0.5 to 14 GHz band. The feed for 4.0 to 14.0 GHz is a cryogenically cooled commercially available open boundary quadridge horn from ETS-Lindgren. Coverage from 0.5 to 4.0 GHz is provided by an un-cooled scaled version of the same feed that uses a cooled LNA. The measured performance is greater than 40% over much of the band. C1 [Imbriale, W. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Weinreb, Sander; Jones, Glen; Mani, Handi] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Imbriale, WA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM imbriale@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-84-7653-472-4 PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXN69 UT WOS:000296541703163 ER PT J AU Llombart, N Chattopadhyay, G AF Llombart, N. Chattopadhyay, G. GP IEEE TI Extended Hemispherical Silicon Lens Excited By A Leaky Wave Waveguide Feed SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP esa, CST, FEKO, TICRA, ANSOFT, ANSYS, speag, fractus, IET, WILEY-BLACKWELL, EPFL, EUREL, UPC AB We present a novel antenna concept suitable for future integrated arrays at terahertz frequencies. The antenna consists of an extended hemispherical lens antenna fed by a leaky wave waveguide feed. In this contribution we present the antenna lens analysis and design. C1 [Llombart, N.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Opt, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Chattopadhyay, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Llombart, N (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Opt, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors thank Peter Siegel, Imran Mehdi and Anders Skalare of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for their support. Finally the authors also thank Bertrand Thomas for useful discussions and for helping in the setup of the antenna measurements together with David Pukala and Robert Dengler (all of JPL).; The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-84-7653-472-4 PY 2010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXN69 UT WOS:000296541700188 ER PT J AU Maffei, B Noviello, F Savini, G Murphy, JA Lamarre, JM Ade, PAR Bouchet, FR Brossard, J Catalano, A Colgan, R Gispert, R Gleeson, E Haynes, CV Jones, WC Lange, AE Longval, Y McAuley, I Norgaard-Nielsen, HU Pajot, F Peacocke, T Pisano, G Puget, JL Ristorcelli, I Sudiwala, R Tauber, J Wylde, RJ Yurchenko, V AF Maffei, B. Noviello, F. Savini, G. Murphy, J. A. Lamarre, J-M. Ade, P. A. R. Bouchet, F. R. Brossard, J. Catalano, A. Colgan, R. Gispert, R. Gleeson, E. Haynes, C. V. Jones, W. C. Lange, A. E. Longval, Y. McAuley, I. Norgaard-Nielsen, H. U. Pajot, F. Peacocke, T. Pisano, G. Puget, J-L. Ristorcelli, I. Sudiwala, R. Tauber, J. Wylde, R. J. Yurchenko, V. GP IEEE TI Planck-HFI optical design and pre-flight performances SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP esa, CST, FEKO, TICRA, ANSOFT, ANSYS, speag, fractus, IET, WILEY-BLACKWELL, EPFL, EUREL, UPC AB Planck is a European Space Agency (ESA) satellite, launched in May 2009, which is mapping the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies in intensity and polarisation with unprecedented detail and sensitivity. It will also provide full-sky maps of astrophysical foregrounds. An accurate knowledge of the telescope beam patterns is an essential element for a correct analysis of the acquired astrophysical data. We present the optical design of the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) together with the optical performances measured during the ground calibration campaigns. We report on the evolution of the knowledge of the pre-launch HFI beam patterns when coupled to the telescope, and on their significance for the HFI data analysis procedure. C1 [Maffei, B.; Haynes, C. V.; Pisano, G.] Univ Manchester, JBCA, Sch Phys & Astron, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Noviello, F.; Gispert, R.; Longval, Y.; Pajot, F.; Puget, J-L.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Savini, G.] Univ London Univ Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Opt Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Murphy, J. A.; Colgan, R.; Gleeson, E.; McAuley, I.; Yurchenko, V.] NUI Maynooth, Dept Expt Phys, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Lamarre, J-M.; Catalano, A.] CNRS, Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. [Bouchet, F. R.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Brossard, J.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. [Jones, W. C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jones, W. C.; Lange, A. E.] CALTECH, JPL, Calif Observ Cosmol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Norgaard-Nielsen, H. U.] Danish Natl Space Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ristorcelli, I.] CNRS Univ 9, CESR, F-31038 Toulouse 4, France. [Tauber, J.] ESA, Astrophys Div, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Wylde, R. J.] Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Yurchenko, V.] NAS Ukraine, Inst Radiophys & Elect, UA-61085 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Catalano, A.] Univ Paris Diderot, UMR 7164, Lab Astroparticule & Cosmol, Paris, France. RP Maffei, B (reprint author), Univ Manchester, JBCA, Sch Phys & Astron, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM Bruno.maffei@manchester.ac.uk RI Bouchet, Francois/B-5202-2014 FU STFC; CNRS; CNES; ESA; NASA; Enterprise Ireland and Science Foundation Ireland FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support from STFC, CNRS, CNES, ESA, NASA, Enterprise Ireland and Science Foundation Ireland. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-84-7653-472-4 PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXN69 UT WOS:000296541704152 ER PT J AU Rochblatt, DJ Baines, G Vazquez, M Sotuela, I Snedeker, C LaBelle, R Schredder, J Ridgway, T AF Rochblatt, David J. Baines, Graham Vazquez, Manuel Sotuela, Ioana Snedeker, Chuck LaBelle, Remi Schredder, Jeffery Ridgway, Tom GP IEEE TI Calibration and Performance Measurements of the NASA Deep Space Network Antennas Upgrade for Ka-Band (26-GHz) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP esa, CST, FEKO, TICRA, ANSOFT, ANSYS, speag, fractus, IET, WILEY-BLACKWELL, EPFL, EUREL, UPC AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Deep Space Network (DSN) has recently installed equipment to support high-data-rate missions (within 2 million kilometers of Earth) with simultaneous S-band uplink, S-band downlink and Ka-band (26-GHz) downlink. The S-band links are required for traditional TT&C support to the spacecraft, while the Ka-band link is intended for high-data-rate science returns. The new Ka-band system combines the use of proven DSN cryogenic designs, for low noise system temperature, and high data rate capability using commercial telemetry receivers. The initial support is required for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2013 and possibly other missions. The upgrade has been implemented into 3 different 34-meter Beam Waveguide (BWG) antennas in the DSN, one at each of the DSN complexes which are located in Canberra (Australia), Goldstone (California) and Madrid (Spain). After the completion of these upgrades, a comprehensive campaign of tests and measurements took place to calibrate these antennas for optimum performance at 26-GHz. This paper describes these measurements and presents the performance of the 34-m BWG antennas subnet. C1 [Rochblatt, David J.; LaBelle, Remi] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Baines, Graham] Raytheon Australia Pty Ltd, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Vazquez, Manuel; Sotuela, Ioana] Ingenieria y Servicios Aeroespaciales INSA, Madrid, Spain. [Snedeker, Chuck; Schredder, Jeffery; Ridgway, Tom] ITT Ind Syst Div, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Rochblatt, DJ (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM david.j.rochblatt@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-84-7653-472-4 PY 2010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXN69 UT WOS:000296541704073 ER PT J AU Rumsey, CL AF Rumsey, C. L. TI Consistency, verification, and validation of turbulence models for Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE turbulence model; verification; grid resolution; website ID FLOWS AB In current practice, it is often difficult to draw firm conclusions about turbulence model accuracy when performing multi-code computational fluid dynamics studies ostensibly using the same model because of inconsistencies in model formulation or implementation in different codes. This article describes an effort to improve the consistency, verification, and validation of turbulence models within the aerospace community through a website database of verification and validation cases. Some of the variants of two widely used turbulence models are described, and two independent computer codes (one structured and one unstructured) are used in conjunction with two specific versions of these models to demonstrate consistency with grid refinement for several representative problems. Naming conventions, implementation consistency, and thorough grid resolution studies are key factors necessary for success. C1 NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Rumsey, CL (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM c.l.rumsey@nasa.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PY 2010 VL 224 IS G11 BP 1211 EP 1218 DI 10.1243/09544100JAERO755 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 678OR UT WOS:000284089500005 ER PT J AU Jarvis, PA Wolfe, S Enomoto, F Nado, R Sierhuis, M AF Jarvis, Peter A. Wolfe, Shawn Enomoto, Francis Nado, Robert Sierhuis, Maarten GP AAAI TI A Centralized Multi-Agent Negotiation Approach Collaborative Air Traffic Resource Management Planning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH AAAI CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AAAI-10) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) CY JUL 11-15, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Assoc Advancement Artificial Intelligence DE Air Traffic Management; Multi-Agent Systems; Negotiation; Hill Climbing; and Linear Programming AB Demand and capacity imbalances in the US national airspace are resolved using traffic management initiatives designed, in current operations, with little collaboration with the airspace users. NASA and its partners have developed a new collaborative concept of operations that requires the users and airspace service provider to work together to choose initiatives that better satisfy the business needs of the users while also ensuring safety to the same standard as today. In this paper, we describe an approach to implementing this concept through a software negotiation framework underpinned by technology developed in the artificial intelligence community. We describe our exploration of peer-to-peer negotiation and how the number of conversation threads and the time sensitivity of offer acceptance led us to a centralized approach. The centralized approach uses hill climbing to evaluate airport slot allocations from a user perspective and a linear programming solver to seek solutions compatible across the user community. Our experiments with full sized problems identify the potential operational benefits as well as limitations, and where future research needs to be focused. C1 [Wolfe, Shawn; Enomoto, Francis] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Jarvis, Peter A.] Craig Technol, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920 USA. [Nado, Robert] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Seabrook, MD USA. [Sierhuis, Maarten] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Sierhuis, Maarten] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. RP Jarvis, PA (reprint author), Craig Technol, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920 USA. EM Peter.Jarvis@nasa.gov; Shawn.Wolfe@nasa.gov; Francis.Enomoto@nasa.gov; Robert.Nado@nasa.gov; Maarten.Sierhuis@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC ADVANCEMENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI PALO ALTO PA 2275 E BAYSHORE RD, STE 160, PALO ALTO, CA 94303 USA BN 978-1-57735-463-5 PY 2010 BP 1787 EP 1792 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG7ZA UT WOS:000392059700286 ER PT J AU Schurr, N Good, R Alexander, A Picciano, P Ganberg, G Therrien, M Beard, BL Holbrook, J AF Schurr, Nathan Good, Richard Alexander, Amy Picciano, Paul Ganberg, Gabriel Therrien, Michael Beard, Bettina L. Holbrook, Jon GP AAAI TI A Testbed for Investigating Task Allocation Strategies between Air Traffic Controllers and Automated Agents SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH AAAI CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AAAI-10) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) CY JUL 11-15, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Assoc Advancement Artificial Intelligence ID AUTONOMY; HUMANS; MODEL AB To meet the growing demands of the National Airspace System (NAS) stakeholders and provide the level of service, safety and security needed to sustain future air transport, the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) concept calls for technologies and systems offering increasing support from automated systems that provide decision-aiding and optimization capabilities. This is an exciting application for some core aspects of Artificial Intelligence research since the automation must be designed to enable the human operators to access and process a myriad of information sources, understand heightened system complexity, and maximize capacity, throughput and fuel savings in the NAS.. This paper introduces an emerging application of techniques from mixed initiative (adjustable autonomy), multi-agent systems, and task scheduling techniques to the air traffic control domain. Consequently, we have created a testbed for investigating the critical challenges in supporting the early design of systems that allow for optimal, context-sensitive function (role) allocation between air traffic controller and automated agents. A pilot study has been conducted with the testbed and preliminary results show a marked qualitative improvement in using dynamic function allocation optimization versus static function allocation. C1 [Schurr, Nathan; Good, Richard; Alexander, Amy; Picciano, Paul; Ganberg, Gabriel; Therrien, Michael] Aptima Inc, 12 Gill St,Suite 1400, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. [Beard, Bettina L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Holbrook, Jon] San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Schurr, N (reprint author), Aptima Inc, 12 Gill St,Suite 1400, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. EM nschurr@aptima.com; rgood@aptima.com; aalexander@aptima.com; ppicciano@aptima.com; gganberg@aptima.com; mtherrien@aptima.com; tina.beard@nasa.gov; jon.holbrook@nasa.gov FU NASA Airspace Systems Program [NNA08BC68C] FX The authors would like to thank the NASA Airspace Systems Program for its support of this work under Contract #NNA08BC68C. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC ADVANCEMENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI PALO ALTO PA 2275 E BAYSHORE RD, STE 160, PALO ALTO, CA 94303 USA BN 978-1-57735-463-5 PY 2010 BP 1839 EP 1845 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG7ZA UT WOS:000392059700294 ER PT S AU Wolpert, DH AF Wolpert, David H. BE Ferreira, F Lowe, B Mayordomo, E Gomes, LM TI Inference Concerning Physical Systems SO PROGRAMS, PROOFS, PROCESSES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Computability in Europe (CiE 2010) CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2010 CL Univ Azores, Ponta Delgada, PORTUGAL HO Univ Azores DE physical inference; dynamical systems ID COMPUTATION; LIMITS AB The question of whether the universe "is" just an information-processing system has been extensively studied in physics. To address this issue, the canonical forms of information processing in physical systems - observation, prediction, control and memory - were analyzed in [24]. Those forms of information processing are all inherently epistemological; they transfer information concerning the universe as a whole into a scientist's mind. Accordingly, [24] formalized the logical relationship that must hold between the state of a scientist's mind and the state of the universe containing the scientist whenever one of those processes is successful. This formalization has close analogs in the analysis of Turing machines. In particular, it can be used to define an "informational analog" of algorithmic information complexity. In addition, this formalization allows us to establish existence and impossibility results concerning observation, prediction, control and memory. The impossibility results establish that Laplace was wrong to claim that even in a classical, non-chaotic universe the future can be unerringly predicted, given sufficient knowledge of the present. Alternatively, the impossibility results can be viewed as a non-quantum mechanical "uncertainty principle". Here I present a novel motivation of the formalization introduced in [24] and extend some of the associated impossibility results. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wolpert, DH (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM david.h.wolpert@nasa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13961-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6158 BP 438 EP 447 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BRC24 UT WOS:000282336000048 ER PT J AU Guerrero, MA Ramos-Larios, G Massa, D AF Guerrero, Martin A. Ramos-Larios, Gerardo Massa, Derck TI A FUSE View of Winds from the Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop in honor of Agnes Acker on Legacies of the Macquarie/AAO/Strasbourg H-alpha Planetary Nebula Project (MASH) CY FEB 16-18, 2009 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE line: profiles; planetary nebulae; stars: winds, outflows; ultraviolet: stars AB Since the IUE satellite produced a vast collection of high-resolution UV spectra of the central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe), there has not been any further systematic study of the stellar winds of these stars. The high spectral resolution, sensitivity and large number of archival observations in the FUSE archive allow the study of the stellar winds of CSPNe in the far-UV domain where lines of species spanning a wide excitation range can be observed. We present here a preliminary analysis of the P Cygni profiles of a sample of similar to 60 CSPNe observed by FUSE. P Cygni profiles providing evidence for fast stellar winds with velocities between 200 and 4300 km s(-1) have been found in 40 CSPNe. In many cases, this is the first time that fast stellar winds have been reported for these planetary nebulae (PNe). A detailed study of these far-UV spectra is on-going. C1 [Guerrero, Martin A.; Ramos-Larios, Gerardo] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Ramos-Larios, Gerardo] Inst Astron & Meteorol, Guadalajara 44130, Jalisco, Mexico. [Massa, Derck] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Guerrero, MA (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Camino Bajo Huetor 50, E-18008 Granada, Spain. EM mar@iaa.es OI Guerrero, Martin/0000-0002-7759-106X NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 2 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.1071/AS09024 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 602IX UT WOS:000278133900012 ER PT J AU Macquart, JP Bailes, M Bhat, NDR Bower, GC Bunton, JD Chatterjee, S Colegate, T Cordes, JM D'Addario, L Deller, A Dodson, R Fender, R Haines, K Hall, P Harris, C Hotan, A Johnston, S Jones, DL Keith, M Koay, JY Lazio, TJW Majid, W Murphy, T Navarro, R Phillips, C Quinn, P Preston, RA Stansby, B Stairs, I Stappers, B Staveley-Smith, L Tingay, S Thompson, D van Straten, W Wagstaff, K Warren, M Wayth, R Wen, L AF Macquart, Jean-Pierre Bailes, M. Bhat, N. D. R. Bower, G. C. Bunton, J. D. Chatterjee, S. Colegate, T. Cordes, J. M. D'Addario, L. Deller, A. Dodson, R. Fender, R. Haines, K. Hall, P. Harris, C. Hotan, A. Johnston, S. Jones, D. L. Keith, M. Koay, J. Y. Lazio, T. J. W. Majid, W. Murphy, T. Navarro, R. Phillips, C. Quinn, P. Preston, R. A. Stansby, B. Stairs, I. Stappers, B. Staveley-Smith, L. Tingay, S. Thompson, D. van Straten, W. Wagstaff, K. Warren, M. Wayth, R. Wen, L. CA CRAFT Collaboration TI The Commensal Real-Time ASKAP Fast-Transients (CRAFT) Survey SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article DE gravitational waves; ISM: structure; scattering; surveys; techniques: radar astronomy ID HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; GIANT PULSES; RADIO-BURSTS; MILLISECOND PULSAR; NEUTRON-STARS; BARYONS; INTERMITTENCY; TURBULENCE; SKY AB We are developing a purely commensal survey experiment for fast (<5 s) transient radio sources. Short-timescale transients are associated with the most energetic and brightest single events in the Universe. Our objective is to cover the enormous volume of transients parameter space made available by ASKAP, with an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and field of view. Fast timescale transients open new vistas on the physics of high brightness temperature emission, extreme states of matter and the physics of strong gravitational fields. In addition, the detection of extragalactic objects affords us an entirely new and extremely sensitive probe on the huge reservoir of baryons present in the IGM. We outline here our approach to the considerable challenge involved in detecting fast transients, particularly the development of hardware fast enough to dedisperse and search the ASKAP data stream at or near real-time rates. Through CRAFT, ASKAP will provide the testbed of many of the key technologies and survey modes proposed for high time resolution science with the SKA. C1 [Macquart, Jean-Pierre; Colegate, T.; Hall, P.; Hotan, A.; Koay, J. Y.; Stansby, B.; Tingay, S.; Wayth, R.] ICRAR Curtin Inst Radio Astron, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Bailes, M.; van Straten, W.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Bhat, N. D. R.; Bower, G. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bhat, N. D. R.; Bower, G. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bunton, J. D.; Johnston, S.; Keith, M.; Phillips, C.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Chatterjee, S.; Murphy, T.] Univ Sydney, SIfA, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Chatterjee, S.; Cordes, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [D'Addario, L.; Jones, D. L.; Majid, W.; Navarro, R.; Preston, R. A.; Thompson, D.; Wagstaff, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Deller, A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Dodson, R.; Haines, K.; Harris, C.; Quinn, P.; Staveley-Smith, L.; Wen, L.] Univ Western Australia, ICRAR, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Fender, R.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Fender, R.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lazio, T. J. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stairs, I.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Stappers, B.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Warren, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret Astrophys, Los Alamos, NM 87543 USA. RP Macquart, JP (reprint author), ICRAR Curtin Inst Radio Astron, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. EM j.macquart@curtin.edu.au RI Staveley-Smith, Lister/A-1683-2011; Bunton, John/A-4944-2008; Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013; Quinn, Peter/B-3638-2013; Colegate, Tim/B-5286-2013; Macquart, Jean-Pierre/B-5306-2013; Tingay, Steven/B-5271-2013; Bhat, Ramesh/B-7396-2013; Hall, Peter/B-8784-2013; Koay, Jun Yi /E-4952-2015; OI Murphy, Tara/0000-0002-2686-438X; Staveley-Smith, Lister/0000-0002-8057-0294; Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131; Koay, Jun Yi /0000-0002-7029-6658; Harris, Christopher/0000-0001-5237-2250; Warren, Michael/0000-0002-1218-7904; Deller, Adam/0000-0001-9434-3837; van Straten, Willem/0000-0003-2519-7375 FU National Aeronautics and Aerospace Administration FX This work was partly done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Aerospace Administration. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 3 BP 272 EP 282 DI 10.1071/AS09082 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 649TV UT WOS:000281797700007 ER PT J AU Guyon, O Pluzhnik, E Martinache, F Totems, J Tanaka, S Matsuo, T Blain, C Belikov, R AF Guyon, Olivier Pluzhnik, Eugene Martinache, Frantz Totems, Julien Tanaka, Shinichiro Matsuo, Taro Blain, Celia Belikov, Ruslan TI High-Contrast Imaging and Wavefront Control with a PIAA Coronagraph: Laboratory System Validation SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID INDUCED AMPLITUDE APODIZATION; PLANET; CORONOGRAPH; PERFORMANCE; LIMITS AB The Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph is a high-performance coronagraph concept able to work at small angular separation with little loss in throughput. We present results obtained with a laboratory PIAA system including active wavefront control. The system has a 94.3% throughput (excluding coating losses) and operates in air with monochromatic light. Our testbed achieved a 2.27 x 10(-7) raw contrast between 1.65 lambda/D (inner working angle of the coronagraph configuration tested) and 4.4 lambda/D (outer working angle). Through careful calibration, we were able to separate this residual light into a dynamic coherent component (turbulence, vibrations) at 4.5 x 10(-8) contrast and a static incoherent component (ghosts and/or polarization mismatch) at 1.6 x 10(-7) contrast. Pointing errors are controlled at the 10(-3)lambda/D level using a dedicated low-order wavefront sensor. While not sufficient for direct imaging of Earthlike planets from space, the 2.27 x 10(-7) raw contrast achieved already exceeds requirements for a ground-based extreme adaptive optics system aimed at direct detection of more massive exoplanets. We show that over a 4 hr period, averaged wavefront errors have been controlled to the 3.5 x 10(-9) contrast level. This result is particularly encouraging for ground-based extreme-AO systems relying on long-term stability and absence of static wavefront errors to recover planets much fainter than the fast boiling speckle halo. C1 [Guyon, Olivier; Martinache, Frantz; Totems, Julien; Tanaka, Shinichiro] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pluzhnik, Eugene; Belikov, Ruslan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Matsuo, Taro] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Blain, Celia] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. RP Guyon, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, 650 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM guyon@naoj.org NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 122 IS 887 BP 71 EP 84 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536VS UT WOS:000273072600009 ER PT J AU Peters, RD Lay, OP Lawson, PR AF Peters, Robert D. Lay, Oliver P. Lawson, Peter R. TI Mid-Infrared Adaptive Nulling for the Detection of Earthlike Exoplanets SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; SYSTEMATIC-ERRORS; DEFORMABLE MIRROR; SEARCH; INTERFEROMETERS; FIBERS; PHASE; LIFE AB Evidence of the habitability of nearby exoplanets could be found with future space missions using the technique of nulling interferometry. A nulling interferometer selectively suppresses the glare of starlight while allowing the light from planets to be detected. Here we report the first demonstrations of broadband mid-infrared nulling at the level required to enable such a space mission. In three separate 6 hr measurements, mid-infrared nulls were demonstrated at a mean level less than 1.0 x 10(-5) using a 34% bandwidth centered at a wavelength of 10 mu m. This was accomplished by "adaptive nulling," in which a deformable mirror is tuned to minimize wavelength-dependent phase and intensity differences in the interferometer. C1 [Peters, Robert D.; Lay, Oliver P.; Lawson, Peter R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Peters, RD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors gratefully acknowledge help and support from Lars Chapsky, Robert Gappinger, Alexander Ksendzov, and Stefan Martin. This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 122 IS 887 BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 536VS UT WOS:000273072600010 ER PT S AU Amzajerdian, F Vanek, M Petway, L Pierrottet, D Busch, G Bulyshev, A AF Amzajerdian, Farzin Vanek, Michael Petway, Larry Pierrottet, Diego Busch, George Bulyshev, Alexander BE Razeghi, M Sudharasanan, R Brown, GJ TI Utilization of 3-D Imaging Flash Lidar Technology for Autonomous Safe Landing on Planetary Bodies SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VII CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Flash Lidar; Ladar; 3-D Imaging; Laser Radar; Laser Remote Sensing; Landing Sensor AB NASA considers Flash Lidar a critical technology for enabling autonomous safe landing of future large robotic and crewed vehicles on the surface of the Moon and Mars. Flash Lidar can generate 3-Dimensional images of the terrain to identify hazardous features such as craters, rocks, and steep slopes during the final stages of descent and landing. The onboard flight comptuer can use the 3-D map of terain to guide the vehicle to a safe site. The capabilities of Flash Lidar technology were evaluated through a series of static tests using a calibrated target and through dynamic tests aboard a helicopter and a fixed wing airctarft. The aircraft flight tests were perfomed over Moon-like terrain in the California and Nevada deserts. This paper briefly describes the Flash Lidar static and aircraft flight test results. These test results are analyzed against the landing application requirements to identify the areas of technology improvement. The ongoing technology advancement activities are then explained and their goals are described. C1 [Amzajerdian, Farzin; Vanek, Michael; Petway, Larry] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Amzajerdian, F (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM f.amzajerdian@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8004-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7608 AR 760828 DI 10.1117/12.843324 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BRR35 UT WOS:000283489000073 ER PT S AU Krainak, MA Yu, AW Yang, GN Li, SX Sun, XL AF Krainak, Michael A. Yu, Anthony W. Yang, Guangning Li, Steven X. Sun, Xiaoli BE Razeghi, M Sudharasanan, R Brown, GJ TI Photon-counting detectors for space-based laser receivers SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VII CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Photon-counting; detectors; satellite; lasers; avalanche-photodiodes; photomultipliers; optical communication; entanglement ID HYBRID PHOTOMULTIPLIER; TIME; INEQUALITY; VIOLATION AB Photon-counting detectors are required for numerous NASA future space-based laser receivers including science instruments and free-space optical communication terminals. Silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) single photon counting modules (SPCMs) are used in the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) launched in 2003, currently in orbit measuring the Earth surface elevation and atmosphere backscattering. To measure cloud and aerosol backscattering, the SPCMs detect the GLAS laser light at 532-nm wavelength, with quantum efficiencies of 60 to 70% and maximum count rates greater than 13 million per second. The performance of the SPCMs has been monitored since ICESat launch on January 12, 2003. There has been no measurable change in the quantum efficiency, linearity or after-pulsing. The detector dark counts rates monitored while the spacecraft was in the dark side of the Earth have increased linearly at about 60 counts/s per day due to space radiation damage. As the ICESat mission nears completion, we have proposed ground-to-space optical and quantum communication experiments to utilize the on-orbit 1-meter optical receiver telescope with multiple SPCMs in the focal plane. NASA is preparing a follow-on mission to ICESat, called ICESat-2, with a launch date of late 2014. The major candidate photon-counting detectors under evaluation for ICESat-2 include 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelength-sensitive photomultiplier tubes and Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays. Key specifications are high maximum count rate, detection efficiency, photon number resolution, radiation tolerance, power consumption, operating temperature and reliability. Future NASA science instruments and free-space laser communication terminals share a number of these requirements. C1 [Krainak, Michael A.; Yu, Anthony W.; Yang, Guangning; Li, Steven X.; Sun, Xiaoli] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Krainak, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 554-694, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8004-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7608 AR 760827 DI 10.1117/12.846983 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BRR35 UT WOS:000283489000072 ER PT J AU Woolnough, SJ Blossey, PN Xu, KM Bechtold, P Chaboureau, JP Hosomi, T Iacobellis, SF Luo, Y Petch, JC Wong, RY Xie, S AF Woolnough, S. J. Blossey, P. N. Xu, K. -M. Bechtold, P. Chaboureau, J. -P. Hosomi, T. Iacobellis, S. F. Luo, Y. Petch, J. C. Wong, R. Y. Xie, S. TI Modelling convective processes during the suppressed phase of a Madden-Julian oscillation: Comparing single-column models with cloud-resolving models SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE GCSS; tropical convection; model intercomparison; cloud-resolving modelling ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; CUMULUS ENSEMBLE MODEL; PACIFIC WARM POOL; TOGA-COARE; PART I; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; ACCURATE PARAMETERIZATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB The role of convective processes in moistening the atmosphere during suppressed periods of the suppressed phase of a Madden-Julian oscillation is investigated in cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations, and the impact of moistening on the subsequent evolution of convection is assessed as part of a Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Cloud System Study (GCSS) intercomparison project. The ability of single-column model (SCM) versions of a number of state-of-the-art climate and numerical weather prediction models to capture these convective processes is also evaluated. During the suppressed periods, the CRMs are found to simulate a maximum moistening around 3 km, which is associated with a predominance of shallow convection. All SCMs produce adequate amounts of shallow convection during the suppressed periods, comparable to that seen in CRMs, but the relatively drier SCMs have higher precipitation rates than the relatively wetter SCMs and CRMs. The relatively drier SCMs dry, rather than moisten, the lower troposphere below the melting level. During the transition periods, convective processes act to moisten the atmosphere above the level at which mean advection changes from moistening to drying, despite an overall drying effect for the column. The SCMs capture some essence of this moistening at upper levels. A gradual transition from shallow to deep convection is simulated by the CRMs and the wetter SCMs during the transition periods, but the onset of deep convection is delayed in the drier SCMs. This results in lower precipitation rates for these SCMs during the active periods, although much better agreement exists between the models at this time. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Blossey, P. N.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Woolnough, S. J.] Univ Reading, Walker Inst, Reading, Berks, England. [Xu, K. -M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Bechtold, P.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Chaboureau, J. -P.] Univ Toulouse, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Chaboureau, J. -P.] CNRS, F-75700 Paris, France. [Hosomi, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Iacobellis, S. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Luo, Y.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Petch, J. C.; Wong, R. Y.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Xie, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Blossey, PN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM pblossey@u.washington.edu RI LUO, Yong/I-6132-2013; Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013 OI Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145 FU NERC's National Centre for Atmospheric Science [R8/H12/38/001]; NOAA's [NA06OAR4310055, NA17RJ1231] FX SPAT was supported by NERC's National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Grant reference R8/H12/38/001. PNB was supported by grant NA06OAR4310055 from NOAA's CPPA program and thanks Marat Khairoutdinov for making SAM available to him. KMX and YL were supported by NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program managed by Dr Don Anderson. SFI was supported by NOAA grant NA17RJ1231. NR 84 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 647 BP 333 EP 353 DI 10.1002/qj.568 PN B PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 585EB UT WOS:000276806000005 ER PT J AU Li, XW Tao, WK Matsui, T Liu, CT Masunaga, H AF Li, Xiaowen Tao, Wei-Kuo Matsui, Toshihisa Liu, Chuntao Masunaga, Hirohiko TI Improving a spectral bin microphysical scheme using TRMM satellite observations SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cloud-resolving model; squall line; microphysics ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; 10-11 JUNE 1985; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; SNOW-SIZE SPECTRA; PART I; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PRECIPITATION PARTICLES; DETAILED MICROPHYSICS; TROPICAL CONVECTION AB TRMM-observed mature-stage squall lines during late spring and early summer in the central USA over a 9-year period are compiled and compared with a case simulation by the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model with a spectral bin microphysical scheme. During the quasi-steady state of the simulation, a forward radiative transfer model calculates TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) reflectivity and 85 GHz brightness temperatures from simulated particle size distributions. Comparisons between model and TRIVIM observations using radar Contoured Frequency with Altitude Diagrams (CFADs) and 85 GHz brightness temperature probability density distributions are performed, in addition to CFADs from a surface C-band radar for the same case. Radar CFADs comparisons reveal that the model overestimates sizes of snow/aggregates in the stratiform region. Three sets of sensitivity tests are carried out in order to improve the simulated radar reflectivity profiles: increase of aggregates' density and terminal fall velocity; changing temperature dependency of collection efficiency between ice-phase particles, particularly those of the plate-type; and adding a break-up scheme for large aggregates. While all three approaches mitigate the discrepancies, changing collection efficiency produces the best match in magnitudes and characteristics of radar CFADs. In addition, interactions between ice- and water-phase particles also need to be adjusted in order to have good comparisons in both radar CFADs and 85 GHz brightness temperature distributions. This study shows that long-term satellite observations, especially those with multiple sensors, can be very useful in constraining model microphysics. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Li, Xiaowen; Tao, Wei-Kuo; Matsui, Toshihisa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Li, Xiaowen; Matsui, Toshihisa] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Liu, Chuntao] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Masunaga, Hirohiko] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Li, XW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM xli@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Masunaga, Hirohiko/C-2488-2008; PMM, JAXA/K-8537-2016 OI Masunaga, Hirohiko/0000-0002-6336-5002; FU NASA headquarters; NASA TRMM Mission FX The authors wish to thank A.P. Khain at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive and detailed suggestions that led to substantial improvements in this manuscript. We also thank R.C. Srivastava at the University of Chicago for his careful editing. Lin Tian, Bob Meneghini, and Bill Olson at NASA/GSFC have offered many of their insights on radar and microwave radiation observations and theories. This research is mainly supported by NASA headquarters and the NASA TRMM Mission. The authors are grateful to R. Kadar at NASA headquarters for his support in this research. Acknowledgement is also made to NASA GSFC for computer time used in this research. NR 95 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 647 BP 382 EP 399 DI 10.1002/qj.569 PN B PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 585EB UT WOS:000276806000008 ER PT J AU Masson-Delmotte, V Stenni, B Pol, K Braconnot, P Cattani, O Falourd, S Kageyama, M Jouzel, J Landais, A Minster, B Barnola, JM Chappellaz, J Krinner, G Johnsen, S Rothlisberger, R Hansen, J Mikolajewicz, U Otto-Bliesner, B AF Masson-Delmotte, V. Stenni, B. Pol, K. Braconnot, P. Cattani, O. Falourd, S. Kageyama, M. Jouzel, J. Landais, A. Minster, B. Barnola, J. M. Chappellaz, J. Krinner, G. Johnsen, S. Roethlisberger, R. Hansen, J. Mikolajewicz, U. Otto-Bliesner, B. TI EPICA Dome C record of glacial and interglacial intensities SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID PAST 800,000 YEARS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ORBITAL-SCALE CHANGES; VOSTOK ICE CORE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; EAST ANTARCTICA; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE-CHANGES; TROPICAL PACIFIC AB Climate models show strong links between Antarctic and global temperature both in future and in glacial climate simulations. Past Antarctic temperatures can be estimated from measurements of water stable isotopes along the EPICA Dome C ice core over the past 800 000 years. Here we focus on the reliability of the relative intensities of glacial and interglacial periods derived from the stable isotope profile. The consistency between stable isotope-derived temperature and other environmental and climatic proxies measured along the EDC ice core is analysed at the orbital scale and compared with estimates of global ice volume. MIS 2,12 and 16 appear as the strongest glacial maxima, while MIS 5.5 and 11 appear as the warmest interglacial maxima. The links between EDC temperature, global temperature, local and global radiative forcings are analysed. We show: (i) a strong but changing link between EDC temperature and greenhouse gas global radiative forcing in the first and second part of the record; (ii) a large residual signature of obliquity in EDC temperature with a 5 ky lag; (iii) the exceptional character of temperature variations within interglacial periods. Focusing on MIS 5.5, the warmest interglacial of EDC record, we show that orbitally forced coupled climate models only Simulate a precession-induced shift of the Antarctic seasonal cycle of temperature. While they do capture annually persistent Greenland warmth, models fail to capture the warming indicated by Antarctic ice core delta D. We suggest that the model-data mismatch may result from the lack of feedbacks between ice sheets and climate including both local Antarctic effects due to changes in ice sheet topography and global effects due to meltwater-thermohaline circulation interplays. An MIS 5.5 sensitivity study conducted with interactive Greenland melt indeed induces a slight Antarctic warming. We suggest that interglacial EDC optima are caused by transient heat transport redistribution comparable with glacial north-south seesaw abrupt climatic changes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Masson-Delmotte, V.; Pol, K.; Braconnot, P.; Cattani, O.; Falourd, S.; Kageyama, M.; Jouzel, J.; Landais, A.; Minster, B.] CEA Saclay, CNRS, UVSQ,UMR 1572,IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Stenni, B.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Sci Geol Ambientali & Marina, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barnola, J. M.; Chappellaz, J.; Krinner, G.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR 5183, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Johnsen, S.] Dept Geophys, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Roethlisberger, R.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Hansen, J.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Hansen, J.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Mikolajewicz, U.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Otto-Bliesner, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, CGD, CCR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Masson-Delmotte, V (reprint author), CEA Saclay, CNRS, UVSQ,UMR 1572,IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Bat 701, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM valerie.masson@cea.fr RI KAGEYAMA, Masa/F-2389-2010; Chappellaz, Jerome/A-4872-2011; Krinner, Gerhard/A-6450-2011; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie/G-1995-2011 OI POL, Katy/0000-0002-3467-3698; KAGEYAMA, Masa/0000-0003-0822-5880; Krinner, Gerhard/0000-0002-2959-5920; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie/0000-0001-8296-381X FU EU (EPICA-MIS); ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) FX We thank J.R. Petit, G. Raisbeck and M. Werner, A. Timmermann and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. This work is a contribution to the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA), a joint European Science Foundation/European Commission scientific programme, funded by the EU (EPICA-MIS) and by national contributions from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The main logistic support was provided by IPEV and PNRA (at Dome C) and AWI (at Dronning Maud Land). LSCE ice core work has been supported by ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) PICC and NEEM-France projects. We acknowledge the modelling groups for providing their data for analysis, the CMIP (Climate Model Intercomparison Project) and PMIP (Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project) for collecting and archiving the model data. This is EPICA publication 233 and LSCE publication 4017. NR 95 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 8 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 29 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.09.030 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 561EG UT WOS:000274958000010 ER PT J AU Khazanov, G Tel'nikhin, A Krotov, A AF Khazanov, G. Tel'nikhin, A. Krotov, A. TI Stochastic ion heating by the lower-hybrid waves SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE plasma; ion-cyclotron heating; shocks; beat-wave accelerator ID ACCELERATION AB The resonance lower-hybrid wave-ion interaction is described by a group (differentiable map) of transformations of phase space of the system. All solutions to the map belong to a strange attractor, and chaotic motion of the attractor manifests itself in a number of macroscopic effects, such as the energy spectrum and particle heating. The applicability of the model to the problem of ion heating by waves at the front of collisionless shock as well as ion acceleration by a spectrum of waves is discussed. C1 [Khazanov, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tel'nikhin, A.; Krotov, A.] Altai State Univ, Dept Phys, Barnaul 656099, Russia. RP Khazanov, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM george.v.khazanov@nasa.gov RI feggans, john/F-5370-2012 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2010 VL 165 IS 2 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1080/10420150903516684 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 555RK UT WOS:000274531500008 ER PT B AU Pelletier, MJ Pelletier, CC AF Pelletier, M. J. Pelletier, C. C. BE Sasic, S Ozaki, Y TI SPECTROSCOPIC THEORY FOR CHEMICAL IMAGING SO RAMAN, INFRARED, AND NEAR-INFRARED CHEMICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOLAR ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; RAMAN-SCATTERING MICROSCOPY; ACCURATE OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED INTENSITIES; RESONANCE RAMAN; LIQUIDS; 25-DEGREES-C; CM(-1); SPECTRA C1 [Pelletier, M. J.] Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Pelletier, C. C.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Gales Ferry, CT USA. RP Pelletier, MJ (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-76813-6; 978-0-470-38204-2 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 20 D2 10.1002/9780470768150 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BA5JU UT WOS:000336738800002 ER PT S AU Hirata, S Fan, PD Head-Gordon, M Kamiya, M Keceli, M Lee, TJ Shiozaki, T Szczepanski, J Vala, M Valeev, EF Yagi, K AF Hirata, So Fan, Peng-Dong Head-Gordon, Martin Kamiya, Muneaki Keceli, Murat Lee, Timothy J. Shiozaki, Toru Szczepanski, Jan Vala, Martin Valeev, Edward F. Yagi, Kiyoshi BE Chaudhuri, RK Mekkaden, MV Raveendran, AV Narayanan, AS TI Computational Interstellar Chemistry SO RECENT ADVANCES IN SPECTROSCOPY: THEORETICAL, ASTROPHYSICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PERSPECTIVES SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Recent Advances in Spectroscopy - Theoretical, Astrophysical and Experimental Perspectives CY JAN 28-31, 2009 CL Indian Inst Astrophys, Kodaikanal Observatory, Bangalore, INDIA HO Indian Inst Astrophys, Kodaikanal Observatory ID VIBRATIONAL-STATE CALCULATIONS; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHODS; BODY PERTURBATION THEORIES; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITED-STATES; H2CO; CATION; FIELD; ENERGIES; C6H6 AB Computational applications of electronic and vibrational many-body theories are increasingly indispensable in interpreting and, in some instances, predicting the spectra of gas-phase molecular species of importance in interstellar chemistry as well as in atmospheric and combustion chemistry. This chapter briefly reviews our methodological developments of electronic and vibrational many-body theories that are particularly useful for these gas-phase molecular problems. Their applications to anharmonic vibrational frequencies of triatomic and tetratomic interstellar molecules and to electronic absorption spectra of the radical ions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium, are also discussed. C1 [Hirata, So; Fan, Peng-Dong; Kamiya, Muneaki; Shiozaki, Toru; Szczepanski, Jan; Vala, Martin] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hirata, So] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fan, Peng-Dong] Pacific Northwestern Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 92717 USA. [Kamiya, Muneaki] Gifu Univ, Fac Reg Stud, Gifu, Japan. [Lee, Timothy J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Shiozaki, Toru; Yagi, Kiyoshi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo, Japan. [Valeev, Edward F.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Yagi, Kiyoshi] Univ Yamanashi, Nanomat Res Ctr, Yamanashi, Japan. RP Hirata, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hirata@qtp.ufl.edu RI Lee, Timothy/K-2838-2012 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-3-642-10321-6 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2010 BP 21 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-10322-3_3 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPU05 UT WOS:000279938400003 ER PT B AU Hsu, SY Cheng, RB AF Hsu, S. -Y. Cheng, R. -B. BE Binetruy, C Boussu, F TI Modeling Geometry and Progressive Failure of Material Interfaces in Plain Weave Composites SO RECENT ADVANCES IN TEXTILE COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Textile Composites (TEXCOMP 10) CY OCT 26-28, 2010 CL Lille Grand Palais, Lille, FRANCE HO Lille Grand Palais C1 [Hsu, S. -Y.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Hsu, SY (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-026-6 PY 2010 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites; Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BVT33 UT WOS:000292709400002 ER PT S AU Turyshev, SG AF Turyshev, Slava G. BE Macias, A Maceda, M TI Solar-system tests of relativistic gravity SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN GRAVITATION AND BEC'S PHENOMENOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Mexican Meeting on Mathematical and Experimental Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2010 CL Colegio Nacl, Mexico City, MEXICO SP Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Colegio Nacl, CONACYT, DAAD, CINVESTAV IPN HO Colegio Nacl DE Tests of general theory of relativity; gravitational experiments in space ID INVERSE-SQUARE LAW; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; UNIVERSE; ENERGY AB A number of recent experiments have successfully tested general theory of relativity to a remarkable precision. Various experimental techniques were used for this purpose, including spacecraft tracking, planetary ranging, lunar laser ranging, dedicated gravity experiments in space and many ground-based efforts. We discuss the progress in the tests of relativistic gravity, present some proposed space-based experiments and elaborate on their contribution to fundamental physics. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Turyshev, SG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0873-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1318 BP 14 EP 25 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTG87 UT WOS:000286916400002 ER PT S AU Smart, MC Ratnakumar, BV Gozdz, AS Mani, S AF Smart, M. C. Ratnakumar, B. V. Gozdz, A. S. Mani, S. BE Winter, M Doughty, DH Zaghib, K Abraham, KM Ogumi, Z Dudney, NJ TI The Effect of Electrolyte Additives upon the Lithium Kinetics of Li-Ion Cells Containing MCMB and LiNixCo1-xO2 Electrodes and Exposed to High Temperatures SO RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rechargeable Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries Held During the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Battery (BATT) ID BATTERIES; LIPF6 AB With the intent of improving the performance of lithium-ion cells at high temperatures, we have investigated the use of a number of electrolyte additives in experimental MCMB-LixNiyCo1-yO2 cells, which were exposed to temperatures as high as 80 degrees C. In the present work, we have evaluated the use of a number of additives, namely vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), and mono-fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), in an electrolyte solution anticipated to perform well at warm temperature (i.e., 1.0M LiPF6 in EC+EMC (50:50 v/v %). In addition, we have explored the use of novel electrolyte additives, namely lithium oxalate and lithium tetraborate. In addition to determining the capacity and power losses at various temperatures sustained as a result of high temperature cycling (cycling performed at 60 degrees and 80 degrees C), the three-electrode MCMB-LixNiyCo1-yO2 cells (lithium reference) enabled us to study the impact of high temperature storage upon the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film characteristics on carbon anodes (MCMB-based materials), metal oxide cathodes, and the subsequent impact upon electrode kinetics. C1 [Smart, M. C.; Ratnakumar, B. V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gozdz, A. S.] A123Systems Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Mani, S.] A123 Syst Adv Res & Govt Solut Div, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Smart, MC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-810-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 36 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1149/1.3393838 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDI59 UT WOS:000313480900005 ER PT S AU Ratnakumar, BV Smart, MC AF Ratnakumar, B. V. Smart, M. C. BE Winter, M Doughty, DH Zaghib, K Abraham, KM Ogumi, Z Dudney, NJ TI Lithium Plating Behavior in Lithium-ion Cells SO RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rechargeable Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries Held During the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Battery ID ELECTROLYTES; BATTERIES AB A Li-ion cell does not contain metallic lithium under normal conditions of operation. Under strenuous charge conditions, however, metallic lithium may deposit on the carbon anode in preference to lithium intercalation and may cause problems in terms of performance, reliability and safety of the cell. Factors that affect the anode polarization and also Li intercalation kinetics play a crucial role in determining the propensity for such lithium deposition. Such factors include the nature of electrolyte, anode/cathode capacity ration, which have been studied with specific examples here. Further, various prototype cells from different manufacturers have been examined for their susceptibility towards lithium plating from a set of systematic charge/discharge tests at different charge rates and temperatures. C1 [Ratnakumar, B. V.; Smart, M. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ratnakumar, BV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 34 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-810-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 36 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1149/1.3393860 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDI59 UT WOS:000313480900025 ER PT S AU Smart, MC Ratnakumar, BV Whicanack, LD Smith, KA Santee, S Puglia, FJ Gitzendanner, R AF Smart, M. C. Ratnakumar, B. V. Whicanack, L. D. Smith, K. A. Santee, S. Puglia, F. J. Gitzendanner, R. BE Winter, M Doughty, DH Zaghib, K Abraham, KM Ogumi, Z Dudney, NJ TI Performance Demonstration of MCMB-LiNiCoO2 Cells Containing Electrolytes Designed for Wide Operating Temperature Range SO RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rechargeable Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries Held During the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Battery (BATT) ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES AB With the intent of improving the performance of Li-ion cells over a wide operating temperature range, we have investigated the use of co-solvents to improve the properties of electrolyte formulations. In the current study, we have focused upon evaluating promising electrolytes which have been incorporated into large capacity (7 Ah) prototype Li-ion cells, fabricated by Yardney Technical Products, Inc. The electrolytes selected for performance evaluation include the use of a number of esters as co-solvents, including methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate (EP), ethyl butyrate (EB), propyl butyrate (PB), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl butyrate (TFEB). The performance of the prototype cells containing the ester-based electrolytes was compared with an extensive data base generated on cells containing previously developed all carbonate-based electrolytes. A number of performance tests were performed, including determining (i) the discharge rate capacity over a wide range of temperatures, (ii) the charge characteristics, (iii) the cycle life characteristics under various conditions, and (iv) the impedance characteristics. C1 [Smart, M. C.; Ratnakumar, B. V.; Whicanack, L. D.; Smith, K. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Santee, S.; Puglia, F. J.; Gitzendanner, R.] Lithion Inc, Pawcatuck, CT 06379 USA. [Santee, S.; Puglia, F. J.; Gitzendanner, R.] Yardney Tech Prod Inc, Pawcatuck, CT 06379 USA. RP Smart, MC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-810-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 36 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1149/1.3393863 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDI59 UT WOS:000313480900028 ER PT S AU Ratnakumar, BV Smart, MC Whitcanack, LD AF Ratnakumar, B. V. Smart, M. C. Whitcanack, L. D. BE Winter, M Doughty, DH Zaghib, K Abraham, KM Ogumi, Z Dudney, NJ TI Storage Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells SO RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rechargeable Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries Held During the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Battery ID CALENDAR LIFE; BATTERIES; SIMULATION AB Lithium ion cells have in general shown impressive cycle life, but their durability for applications requiring long calendar is not yet demonstrated. In this paper, we carried out systematic and detailed experimental study of the storageability of Li-ion cells. Specifically, we tested two aerospace chemistries, i.e., SAFT DD cells and Yardney prismatic 7 Ah cells, at six different temperatures and at 50% state of charge. Based on the nine-year old test data, an analysis has been made on the capacity degradation upon storage. The projected capacities from such analysis reveal that the cells can provide over 80% of their initial capacities after ten years, especially when stored at low temperatures, thus asserting the durability and viability of Li-ion batteries for long-life applications. C1 [Ratnakumar, B. V.; Smart, M. C.; Whitcanack, L. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ratnakumar, BV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-810-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 36 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1149/1.3393865 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDI59 UT WOS:000313480900030 ER PT S AU Folkner, WM AF Folkner, W. M. BE Klioner, SA Seidelmann, PK Soffel, MH TI Relativistic aspects of the JPL planetary ephemeris SO RELATIVITY IN FUNDAMENTAL ASTRONOMY: DYNAMICS, REFERENCE FRAMES, AND DATA ANALYSIS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 261st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2009 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP Int Astron Union, Natl Sci Fdn DE ephemerides; relativity; gravitation ID GENERAL-RELATIVITY; GRAVITY; MASSES AB The orbits of the planets as represented by the JPL planetary ephemerides are now primarily determined by radio tracking of spacecraft. Analysis of the data and propagation of the orbits relies on an internally consistent set of equations of motion and propagation of radio signals including relativistic effects at the centimeter level. The planetary ephemeris data set, can be used to test some aspects of the underlying theory such as estimates of PPN parameters gamma and beta, time variation in the gravitational constant G, rotation of the solar system relative to distant objects (Mach's principle), and place stringent limits on the possible violation of the inverse-square law. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. RP Folkner, WM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. EM william.m.folkner@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-76481-0 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 5 IS 261 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1017/S1743921309990329 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQB48 UT WOS:000280569700026 ER PT S AU Anderson, JD Nieto, MM AF Anderson, John D. Nieto, Michael Martin BE Klioner, SA Seidelmann, PK Soffel, MH TI Astrometric solar-system anomalies SO RELATIVITY IN FUNDAMENTAL ASTRONOMY: DYNAMICS, REFERENCE FRAMES, AND DATA ANALYSIS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 261st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2009 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP Int Astron Union, Natl Sci Fdn DE gravitation; celestial mechanics; astrometry AB There are at least four unexplained anomalies connected with astrometric data. Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that when a spacecraft on a flyby trajectory approaches the Earth within 2000 km or less, it often experiences a change in total orbital energy per unit mass. Next, a secular change in the astronomical unit AU is definitely a concern. It is reportedly increasing by about 15 cm yr(-1). The other two anomalies are perhaps less disturbing because of known sources of nongravitational acceleration. The first is an apparent slowing of the two Pioneer spacecraft as they exit the solar system in opposite directions. Sonic astronomers and physicists, including us, are convinced this effect is of concern, but many others are convinced it is produced by a nearly identical thermal emission from both spacecraft, in a direction away from the Sun, thereby producing acceleration toward the Sun. The fourth anomaly is a measured increase in the eccentricity of the Moon's orbit. Here again, an increase is expected from tidal friction in both the Earth and Moon. However, there is a reported unexplained increase that is significant at the three-sigma level. It is prudent to suspect that all four anomalies have mundane explanations, or that one or more anomalies are a. result of systematic error. Yet they might eventually be explained by new physics. For example, a slightly modified theory of gravitation is not ruled out, perhaps analogous to Einstein's 1916 explanation for the excess precession of Mercury's perihelion. C1 [Anderson, John D.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM jdandy@earthlink.net; mmn@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-76481-0 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 5 IS 261 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1017/S1743921309990378 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQB48 UT WOS:000280569700031 ER PT S AU Turyshev, SG AF Turyshev, Slava G. BE Klioner, SA Seidelmann, PK Soffel, MH TI Tests of relativistic gravity from space SO RELATIVITY IN FUNDAMENTAL ASTRONOMY: DYNAMICS, REFERENCE FRAMES, AND DATA ANALYSIS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 261st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2009 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP Int Astron Union, Natl Sci Fdn DE General relativity; modified gravity; scalar-tensor theories; space-based experiments ID GENERAL-RELATIVITY AB Recent experiments have successfully tested Einstein's general theory of relativity to remarkable precision. We discuss recent progress in the tests of relativistic gravity in the solar system and present motivations for the new generation of high-accuracy gravitational experiments. We especially focus on the concepts aiming to probe parameterized-post-Newtonian parameter gamma and evaluate the discovery potential of the recently proposed experiments. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Turyshev, SG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM turyshev@jpl.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-76481-0 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 5 IS 261 BP 204 EP 208 DI 10.1017/S1743921309990408 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQB48 UT WOS:000280569700034 ER PT S AU Makarov, VV AF Makarov, Valeri V. BE Klioner, SA Seidelmann, PK Soffel, MH TI Toward inertial reference frames with the SIM observatory SO RELATIVITY IN FUNDAMENTAL ASTRONOMY: DYNAMICS, REFERENCE FRAMES, AND DATA ANALYSIS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 261st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2009 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP Int Astron Union, Natl Sci Fdn DE astrometry; reference systems; gravitational waves; large-scale structure of universe ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; ASTROMETRY; UNIVERSE; ROTATION; SPACE AB The SIM Lite Observatory is expected to provide a global astrometric reference frame surpassing the 1-mu as accuracy threshold in some spherical harmonics. A range of time-varying physical distortions of the reference frame will become observable as large-scale perturbations of the proper motion field. I consider the main sources of the apparent and physical motion of reference objects, such as the aberration of light caused by the acceleration of SIM, long gravitational waves and hypothetical rotation of the Universe, and present some estimates of the astrometric sensitivity to these effects. I argue that a global solution and covariance analysis is of crucial importance for the SIM mission to differentiate the inevitable accidental and systematic zonal errors from real physical phenomena. C1 CALTECH, Exoplanet Sci Inst, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Makarov, VV (reprint author), CALTECH, Exoplanet Sci Inst, NASA, 770 S Wilson Ave,MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vvm@caltech.edu OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-76481-0 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 5 IS 261 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.1017/S1743921309990639 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQB48 UT WOS:000280569700057 ER PT S AU Ramesham, R AF Ramesham, Rajeshuni BE Kullberg, RC Ramesham, R TI Reliability Assessment of Ceramic Column Grid Array (CCGA717) Interconnect Packages under Extreme Temperatures For Space Applications (-185 degrees C to+125 degrees C)(c) SO RELIABILITY, PACKAGING, TESTING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS AND NANODEVICES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Packaging, Testing and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS and Nanodevices IX CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Extreme temperatures; CCGA qualification; CCGA reliability; Weibull analysis; shape parameters; solder joint failures; etc. AB Ceramic Column Grid Array packages have been increasing in use based on their advantages such as high interconnect density, very good thermal and electrical performance, compatibility with standard surface-mount packaging assembly processes, etc. CCGA packages are used in space applications such as in logics and microprocessor functions, telecommunications, flight avionics, payload electronics, etc. As these packages tend to have less solder joint strain relief than leaded packages, the reliability of CCGA packages is very important for short and long-term space missions. CCGA interconnect electronic package printed wiring boards (PWBs) of polyimide have been assembled, inspected non-destructively and subsequently subjected to extreme temperature thermal cycling to assess the reliability for future deep space, short and long-term, extreme temperature missions. In this investigation, the employed temperature range covers from 185 degrees C to +125 degrees C extreme thermal environments. The test hardware consists of two CCGA717 packages with each package divided into four daisy-chained sections, for a total of eight daisy chains to be monitored. The CCGA717 package is 33 mm x 33 mm with a 27x27 array of 80%/20% Pb/Sn columns on a 1.27 mm pitch. The resistance of daisy-chained, CCGA interconnects were continuously monitored as a function of thermal cycling. Electrical resistance measurements as a function of thermal cycling are reported and the tests to date have shown significant change in daisy chain resistance as a function of thermal cycling. The change in interconnect resistance becomes more noticeable with increasing number of thermal cycles. This paper will describe the experimental test results of CCGA testing under wide extreme temperatures. Standard Weibull analysis tools were used to extract the Weibull parameters to understand the CCGA failures. Optical inspection results clearly indicate that the solder joints of columns with the board and the ceramic package have failed as a function of thermal cycling. The first failure was observed at 137(th) thermal cycle and 63.2% failures of daisy chains have occurred at about 664 thermal cycles. The shape parameter extracted from Weibull plot was about 1.47 which indicates the failures were related to failures occurred during the flat region or useful life region of standard bath tub curve. Based on this experimental test data one can use the CCGAs for the temperature range studied for similar to 100 thermal cycles (Delta T = 310 degrees C, 5 degrees C/minute, and 15 minutes dwell) with high degree of confidence for high reliability space and other applications. (C) 2009 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Off Safety & Mission Success, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ramesham, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Off Safety & Mission Success, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,303-217C, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rajeshuni.Ramesham@jpl.nasa.gov; Rajeshuni.Ramesham@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7988-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7592 AR 75920F DI 10.1117/12.844998 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BRW60 UT WOS:000283797400014 ER PT S AU Haddad, ZS Park, KW AF Haddad, Ziad S. Park, Kyung-Won BE Krishnamurti, TN Kim, J Moriyama, T TI Instantaneous vertical profiling of precipitation using passive microwave radiometers SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEANS, AND INTERACTIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Interactions III CY OCT 13-14, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv ID COMBINED RADAR; RETRIEVALS; ALGORITHM AB Several methods have been proposed to train microwave radiometers to retrieve precipitation rates estimated by a radar which observed the same location at the same time. These radar-trained passive-microwave algorithms differ in the quantities that are estimated: some estimate the vertically-integrated liquid water, while others estimate the near-surface precipitation. Since it is no more or less credible to estimate the rain rate at the surface than it is to estimate the rain rate at any discrete altitude, it is particularly interesting to quantify the accuracy with which vertical profiles of precipitation can be estimated from a passive microwave radiometer, what the obstacles are, and what vertical resolution would be achievable. To that end, we conducted several studies to 1) establish that the main impediment to the vertical profiling is the unknown signature of the sea surface in the non-precipitating portions of the field of view, and 2) use surface-insensitive principal components of the brightness temperatures to retrieve the vertical principal components of the precipitation. We report on the results of our studies in the case of mid-latitudes regions, in the case of the Atlantic Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone during May 2009 where we produced unique estimates that quantify the vertical structure of the convection in which flight AF447 disappeared, and in the case of polar precipitation where the dearth of instruments and the radiometrically cold frozen surface present additional challenges. C1 [Haddad, Ziad S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Haddad, ZS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8386-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7856 AR 785605 DI 10.1117/12.866075 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO92 UT WOS:000287660100002 ER PT S AU Li, H Liu, X Yang, P Kratz, DP AF Li, Hui Liu, Xu Yang, Ping Kratz, David P. BE Krishnamurti, TN Kim, J Moriyama, T TI A principal component-based radiative transfer forward model (PCRTM) for vertically inhomogeneous cloud SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEANS, AND INTERACTIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Interactions III CY OCT 13-14, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv DE Infrared radiative transfer; Cloud; Remote sensing; principal component analysis ID SATELLITE; SENSORS; SYSTEMS AB A principal-component based radiative transfer model (PCRTM) is developed for simulating the infrared spectral radiance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The PCRTM approach removes the redundancy in radiative transfer calculation in high-resolution infrared spectra, and saves significant amount of computational time with great accuracy. In PCRTM, both ice and water clouds are treated as effective transmissivity and reflectivity stored in a pre-calculated lookup tables. These quantities are calculated using cloud single scattering properties such as cloud optical depth, cloud particle size, cloud phase, etc. The cloud can be inserted into any pressure layer in the PCRTM model (up to 100 layers). The effective temperature of each cloud layer is treated as a function of its optical depth. To test the accuracy of this approximation, the results are compared with the more rigorous DISORT model, which treats cloud as plane parallel layers. The root-mean-square error of PCRTM, with respect to DISORT results, is generally less than 0.4 K in brightness temperature. However, the CPU time required by PCRTM was at least two orders of magnitude less than that required by DISORT. C1 [Li, Hui; Liu, Xu; Kratz, David P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM xu.liu-1@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8386-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7856 AR 785606 DI 10.1117/12.869575 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO92 UT WOS:000287660100003 ER PT S AU Basilio, RR Livermore, TR Shen, YJ Pollock, HR AF Basilio, Ralph R. Livermore, Thomas R. Shen, Y. Janet Pollock, H. Randy BE Picard, RH Schafer, K Comeron, A TI The quest for an OCO (Orbiting Carbon Observatory) re-flight SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XV CY SEP 21-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE atmospheric; carbon; carbon dioxide; OCO (Orbiting Carbon Observatory); re-flight AB The objective of the OCO (Orbiting Carbon Observatory) mission was to make the first space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the accuracy needed to quantify sources and sinks of this important greenhouse gas. Unfortunately, the observatory was lost as a result of a launch vehicle failure on 24 February 2009. The JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) was directed to assess the options for the re-flight of the OCO instrument and recovery of the carbon-related measurement, and to understand and quantitatively assess the cost, schedule, and technical and programmatic risks of the identified options. The two most likely solutions were (1) a shared platform with the TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) instrument and (2) a dedicated OSC (Orbital Sciences Corporation) LEOStar-2 spacecraft bus similar to that utilized for the original OCO mission. A joint OCO-TIRS mission study was commissioned and two specific options were examined. However, each presented technical challenges that would drive cost. It was determined that the best option was to rebuild the OCO observatory to the extent possible including another LEOStar-2 spacecraft bus. This lowest risk approach leverages the original OCO design and provides the shortest path to launch, which is targeted for no later than the February 2010 timeframe. C1 [Basilio, Ralph R.; Livermore, Thomas R.; Shen, Y. Janet; Pollock, H. Randy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Basilio, RR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Ralph.R.Basilio@jpl.nasa.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8344-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7827 AR 78270A DI 10.1117/12.867042 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ26 UT WOS:000287757200008 ER PT S AU Pagano, TS Chahine, MT Fetzer, EJ AF Pagano, Thomas S. Chahine, Moustafa T. Fetzer, Eric J. BE Picard, RH Schafer, K Comeron, A TI The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua Spacecraft: a general remote sensing tool for understanding atmospheric structure, dynamics and composition SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XV CY SEP 21-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Atmosphere; Sounding; AIRS; Aqua; Weather; Climate; Temperature; Water Vapor ID ASSIMILATION; CALIPSO AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS Aqua Spacecraft was launched on May 4, 2002. Early in the mission, the AIRS instrument demonstrated its value to the weather forecasting community with better than 6 hours of improvement on the 5 day forecast. Now with over eight years of consistent and stable data from AIRS, scientists are able to examine processes governing weather and climate and look at seasonal and interannual trends from the AIRS data with high statistical confidence. Naturally, long-term climate trends require a longer data set, but indications are that the Aqua spacecraft and the AIRS instrument should last beyond 2018. This paper briefly describes the AIRS data products and presents some of the most significant findings involving the use of AIRS data in the areas of weather forecast improvement, climate processes and model validation, cloud and polar processes, and atmospheric composition (chemistry and dust). C1 [Pagano, Thomas S.; Chahine, Moustafa T.; Fetzer, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM thomas.s.pagano@jpl.nasa.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8344-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7827 AR 78270B DI 10.1117/12.865335 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ26 UT WOS:000287757200009 ER PT S AU Rault, DF Spurr, R AF Rault, Didier F. Spurr, Robert BE Picard, RH Schafer, K Comeron, A TI The OMPS Limb Profiler instrument Two-Dimensional retrieval algorithm SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XV CY SEP 21-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Remote sensing; limb scatter; atmospheric ozone vertical distribution ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER CODE; SCATTER MEASUREMENTS; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; O-3 PROFILES; MODEL AB An alternative algorithm is being developed to retrieve ozone vertical distribution information from the OMPS/LP sensor which will be manifested on the upcoming NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) platform in late 2011. In contrast to most limb sensors retrieval methods, the proposed algorithm will forgo the spherical symmetry assumption for the atmospheric structure, and will attempt to simultaneously retrieve the ozone distribution in both the vertical and the along-track directions. The paper describes the two-dimensional forward model as well as the methods which have been developed to simultaneously retrieve a whole orbit of data. Sample retrieval results are shown to illustrate the technique. C1 [Rault, Didier F.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Rault, DF (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8344-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7827 AR 78270P DI 10.1117/12.864799 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ26 UT WOS:000287757200020 ER PT B AU Stefanov, WL Netzband, M AF Stefanov, William L. Netzband, Maik BE Rashed, T Jurgens, C TI Characterization and Monitoring of Urban/Peri-urban Ecological Function and Landscape Structure Using Satellite Data SO REMOTE SENSING OF URBAN AND SUBURBAN AREAS SE Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; METROPOLITAN-AREA; VEGETATION; PHOENIX; IMAGERY; ALGORITHMS; MULTIPLE; PRODUCTS; METRICS AB This chapter utilizes a case study from Phoenix, Arizona to examine the relationships between ecological variables and landscape structure in cities. The relationships are assessed using ASTER and MODIS data; and through the techniques of expert system land cover classification and grid-based landscape metric analysis. C1 [Stefanov, William L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Image Sci & Anal Lab ESCG, Code KX, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Netzband, Maik] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Geog, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. RP Stefanov, WL (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Image Sci & Anal Lab ESCG, Code KX, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM william.l.stefanov@nasa.gov; maik.netzband@rub.de NR 93 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-4371-0 J9 REMOTE SENS DIGIT IM PY 2010 VL 10 BP 219 EP 244 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-4385-7_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-4385-7 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BPT48 UT WOS:000279870200012 ER PT S AU Broberg, SE Pagano, TS Aumann, HH Elliott, DA O'Callaghan, F AF Broberg, Steven E. Pagano, Thomas S. Aumann, Hartmut H. Elliott, Denis A. O'Callaghan, Fred BE Ardanuy, PE Puschell, JJ TI Systems Approach to Developing a Climate Data Record from Satellite Observations SO REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM ENGINEERING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing System Engineering III CY AUG 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Climate; data record; requirements; hyperspectral; sounder AB A Climate Data Record (CDR) consists of a body of information of some observable of the Earth's climate that is of sufficient information content and accuracy to allow climate science to be performed with this record now and in the distant future. We examine the generation of a hyperspectral infrared CDR for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument as good example. For the information to be accurate, extensive pre-flight and in-flight calibration and characterization is required for spatial, spectral, polarimetric and radiometric performance. Maintaining the accuracy in orbit requires either inherent stability, or the ability to stabilize the calibration using additional information such as an ocean buoy network, or ground calibration sites. In addition to having excellent data quality, documentation and archiving are also critical. Details of the instrument design and test procedures must be recorded. All data acquired during the preflight testing must be archived in a format and medium that will be accessible by computers several decades into the future. A Systems Engineering approach is used to define the requirements for the AIRS hyperspectral infrared climate data record, for performance, characterization, and documentation. Examples are given from the AIRS project activities on how the record can be created including a comprehensive drawing database, a document archive for all pre-flight and in-flight procedures and reports, software and data archiving, and instrument performance verification and validation for compliance with climate science requirements. C1 [Broberg, Steven E.; Pagano, Thomas S.; Aumann, Hartmut H.; Elliott, Denis A.; O'Callaghan, Fred] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Broberg, SE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM steven.e.broberg@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-309-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7813 AR 78130C DI 10.1117/12.862073 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BSU53 UT WOS:000285828600009 ER PT B AU Clark, PE Rilee, ML AF Clark, Pamela Elizabeth Rilee, Michael Lee BA Clark, PE Rilee, ML BF Clark, PE Rilee, ML TI An Overview SO REMOTE SENSING TOOLS FOR EXPLORATION: OBSERVING AND INTERPRETING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Clark, Pamela Elizabeth] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rilee, Michael Lee] Rilee Syst Technol LLC, Herndon, VA USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Pamela.E.Clark@NASA.GOV; Mike@Rilee.net; Pamela.E.Clark@NASA.GOV; Mike@Rilee.net NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6829-6 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6830-2_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6830-2 PG 28 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Physics GA BQA31 UT WOS:000280490300001 ER PT B AU Clark, PE Rilee, ML AF Clark, Pamela Elizabeth Rilee, Michael Lee BA Clark, PE Rilee, ML BF Clark, PE Rilee, ML TI Principles of Remote Sensing SO REMOTE SENSING TOOLS FOR EXPLORATION: OBSERVING AND INTERPRETING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Clark, Pamela Elizabeth] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rilee, Michael Lee] Rilee Syst Technol LLC, Herndon, VA USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Pamela.E.Clark@NASA.GOV; Mike@Rilee.net; Pamela.E.Clark@NASA.GOV; Mike@Rilee.net NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6829-6 PY 2010 BP 29 EP 52 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6830-2_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6830-2 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Physics GA BQA31 UT WOS:000280490300002 ER PT B AU Clark, PE Rilee, ML AF Clark, Pamela Elizabeth Rilee, Michael Lee BA Clark, PE Rilee, ML BF Clark, PE Rilee, ML TI Visible and Circumvisible Regions and Image Interpretation SO REMOTE SENSING TOOLS FOR EXPLORATION: OBSERVING AND INTERPRETING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; OLIVINE; IRON; MIXTURES; ABUNDANCE; PYROXENES; MINERALS C1 [Clark, Pamela Elizabeth] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rilee, Michael Lee] Rilee Syst Technol LLC, Herndon, VA USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Pamela.E.Clark@NASA.GOV; Mike@Rilee.net; Pamela.E.Clark@NASA.GOV; Mike@Rilee.net NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6829-6 PY 2010 BP 53 EP 113 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6830-2_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6830-2 PG 61 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Physics GA BQA31 UT WOS:000280490300003 ER PT B AU Clark, PE Rilee, ML AF Clark, Pamela Elizabeth Rilee, Michael Lee BA Clark, PE Rilee, ML BF Clark, PE Rilee, ML TI Ray Region: X-rays, Alpha Particles, Gamma rays, Neutrons, UV SO REMOTE SENSING TOOLS FOR EXPLORATION: OBSERVING AND INTERPRETING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LUNAR-SURFACE; SOLAR-SYSTEM; FUTURE MISSIONS; MOON; SPECTROMETER; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; RADIATION; SPECTRA; IRON C1 [Clark, Pamela Elizabeth] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rilee, Michael Lee] Rilee Syst Technol LLC, Herndon, VA USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Pamela.E.Clark@NASA.GOV; Mike@Rilee.net; Pamela.E.Clark@NASA.GOV; Mike@Rilee.net NR 118 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6829-6 PY 2010 BP 114 EP 177 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6830-2_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6830-2 PG 64 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Physics GA BQA31 UT WOS:000280490300004 ER PT B AU Clark, PE Rilee, ML AF Clark, Pamela Elizabeth Rilee, Michael Lee BA Clark, PE Rilee, ML BF Clark, PE Rilee, ML TI Longvvave Region: Mid to Thermal Infrared, Microwave, and Radio SO REMOTE SENSING TOOLS FOR EXPLORATION: OBSERVING AND INTERPRETING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LUNAR RADAR MAP; SURFACE; REFLECTANCE; TOPOGRAPHY; MERCURY; MARS; MOON; WAVELENGTHS; EMISSION; SPECTRA C1 [Clark, Pamela Elizabeth] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rilee, Michael Lee] Rilee Syst Technol LLC, Herndon, VA USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Pamela.E.Clark@NASA.GOV; Mike@Rilee.net; Pamela.E.Clark@NASA.GOV; Mike@Rilee.net NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6829-6 PY 2010 BP 178 EP 252 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6830-2_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6830-2 PG 75 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Physics GA BQA31 UT WOS:000280490300005 ER PT B AU Clark, PE Rilee, ML AF Clark, Pamela Elizabeth Rilee, Michael Lee BA Clark, PE Rilee, ML BF Clark, PE Rilee, ML TI Processing Information and Data SO REMOTE SENSING TOOLS FOR EXPLORATION: OBSERVING AND INTERPRETING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPACE C1 [Clark, Pamela Elizabeth] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rilee, Michael Lee] Rilee Syst Technol LLC, Herndon, VA USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Pamela.E.Clark@NASA.GOV; Mike@Rilee.net; Pamela.E.Clark@NASA.GOV; Mike@Rilee.net NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6829-6 PY 2010 BP 253 EP 322 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6830-2_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6830-2 PG 70 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Physics GA BQA31 UT WOS:000280490300006 ER PT J AU Cramer, KE Perey, DF Yost, WT AF Cramer, K. E. Perey, D. F. Yost, W. T. TI A METHOD FOR THE VERIFICATION OF WIRE CRIMP COMPRESSION USING ULTRASONIC INSPECTION SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE electrical crimps; NDE; ultrasonic ID FIBER-REINFORCED-PLASTICS; VOID CONTENT; ATTENUATION; COMPOSITES AB The development of a new ultrasonic measurement technique to assess wire crimp terminations is discussed. The amplitude change of a compressional ultrasonic wave propagating at right angles to the wire axis and through the junction of a crimp termination is shown to correlate with the results of a destructive pull test. The case of incomplete compression of crimped connections is ultrasonically tested, and the results are correlated with pull tests. Results show that the ultrasonic measurement technique consistently predicts good crimps when the ultrasonic transmission is above a certain threshold amplitude level. A quantitative measure of the quality of the crimped connection based on the ultrasonic energy transmitted is shown to respond accurately to crimp quality. A wave propagation model, describes the compressional ultrasonic wave propagation through the junction during the crimping process. This model is in agreement within 6% of the ultrasonic measurements. A prototype instrument for applying this technique while wire crimps are installed is also presented. The instrument is based on a two-jaw type crimp tool suitable for butt-splice type connections. A comparison of the results of two different instruments is presented and shows reproducibility between instruments within a 95% confidence bound. C1 [Cramer, K. E.; Perey, D. F.; Yost, W. T.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Cramer, KE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 3B E Taylor St MS231, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM k.elliott.cramer@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 18 EP 29 AR PII 918983735 DI 10.1080/09349840903154805 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 550YF UT WOS:000274169900002 ER PT J AU Liao, K Walker, MF Joshi, AC Reschke, M Strupp, M Wagner, J Leigh, RJ AF Liao, Ke Walker, Mark F. Joshi, Anand C. Reschke, Millard Strupp, Michael Wagner, Judith Leigh, R. John TI The linear vestibulo-ocular reflex, locomotion and falls in neurological disorders SO RESTORATIVE NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Locomotion; moving platform; motional parallax; PSP; cerebellar ataxia ID PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY; EYE-MOVEMENT RESPONSES; VIEWING DISTANCE; OCULAR REFLEX; LISTINGS LAW; CEREBELLAR-ATAXIA; PRIMARY POSITION; TARGET DISTANCE; HEAD MOTION; TRANSLATION AB Purpose: During locomotion, head perturbations, consisting of rotations and translations (linear movements), occur with predominant frequencies of 0.5-5.0 Hz. The vestibular reflexes act at short latency to safeguard clear vision and stable posture during locomotion. Much is known about the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) in response to head rotations, which depend on the semicircular canals of the vestibular labyrinth. However, the means to test reliably the linear or translational vestibulo-ocular reflex (tVOR), which depends on the otolithic organs, has only become available more recently. Methods: We used a moving platform to translate normal human subjects vertically at frequencies similar to those occurring during locomotion, under ambient illumination. Results: Our findings suggested that, whereas aVOR is concerned with stabilizing images of visual targets on the retina to optimize visual acuity, tVOR seems best suited to minimize retinal image motion between objects lying in different depth planes, in order to optimize motion parallax information. We then asked whether the tVOR functioned abnormally in patients with two neurological disorders that often cause falls: progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and cerebellar ataxia. We found that patients with PSP cannot adjust tVOR responses appropriately during viewing of near objects, nor converge their eyes. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), an otolith-spinal reflex, are also impaired in PSP patients. Patients with cerebellar ataxia also lack the ability to adjust tVOR for near viewing, even though they may be able to converge. Conclusions: Taken together, our studies suggest that abnormal otolithic vestibular reflexes contribute to postural instability in PSP and cerebellar ataxia, and deserve further investigation. C1 [Walker, Mark F.; Leigh, R. John] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Neurol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Liao, Ke; Joshi, Anand C.; Leigh, R. John] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Daroff Dell Osso Lab, Cleveland, OH USA. [Liao, Ke; Joshi, Anand C.; Leigh, R. John] Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Hosp, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Reschke, Millard] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Neurosci Labs, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Strupp, Michael; Wagner, Judith] Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. RP Leigh, RJ (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Neurol, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM rjl4@case.edu RI liao, ke/B-1453-2010 FU NIH [EY06717]; Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs [NASA/NSBRI NA00208]; Evenor Armington Fund FX Supported by NIH grant EY06717, the Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, NASA/NSBRI NA00208, and the Evenor Armington Fund. We are grateful to Drs. David Riley, Robert Friedland, Edward Westbrook, Michael Devereaux, Judah Lindenberg, and Robert Tomsak for referring patients; and to Drs. Gary Paige, Harold Bedell, David Zee, Stefano Ramat, Matthew Thurtell, Drs. Louis Dell'Osso and John Stahl for helpful discussions. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6028 J9 RESTOR NEUROL NEUROS JI Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.3233/RNN-2010-0507 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 559AE UT WOS:000274791300009 PM 20086286 ER PT S AU Winfree, WP Howell, PA Burke, ER AF Winfree, William P. Howell, Patricia A. Burke, Eric R. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI SIMULATIONS OF THE THERMOGRAPHIC RESPONSE OF NEAR SURFACE FLAWS IN REINFORCED CARBON-CARBON PANELS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Thermography; Simulations; Composites AB Thermographic inspection is a viable technique for detecting in-service damage in reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) composites that are used for thermal protection in the leading edge of the shuttle orbiter. A thermographic technique for detection of near surface flaws in RCC composite structures is presented. A finite element model of the heat diffusion in structures with expected flaw configurations is in good agreement with the experimental measurements. C1 [Winfree, William P.; Howell, Patricia A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Burke, Eric R.] Univ Space Alliance, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Winfree, WP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 443 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3362427 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038500052 ER PT S AU DeHaven, SL AF DeHaven, S. L. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI MICROSTRUCTURED OPTICAL FIBER FOR X-RAY DETECTION SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE X-ray Detector; Fiber Optic; Scintillator AB A novel scintillating optical fiber is presented using a composite micro-structured quartz optical fiber. Scintillating materials are introduced into the multiple inclusions of the fiber. This creates a composite optical fiber having quartz as a cladding with an organic scintillating material core. X-ray detection using these fibers is compared to a collimated cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector over an energy range from 10 to 40 keV. Results show a good correlation between the fiber count rate trend and that of the CdTe detector. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP DeHaven, SL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 541 EP 548 DI 10.1063/1.3362441 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038500065 ER PT S AU Roth, DJ Tokars, RP Martin, RE Rauser, RW Aldrin, JC Schumacher, EJ AF Roth, D. J. Tokars, R. P. Martin, R. E. Rauser, R. W. Aldrin, J. C. Schumacher, E. J. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI ULTRASONIC PHASED ARRAY INSPECTION EXPERIMENTS AND SIMULATIONS FOR AN ISOGRID STRUCTURAL ELEMENT WITH CRACKS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Nondestructive Evaluation; Computational Simulation; Ultrasonics; Isogrid; Stiffener Element; Modeling; Phased Array AB In this investigation, a T-shaped aluminum alloy isogrid stiffener element used in aerospace applications was inspected with ultrasonic phased array methods. The isogrid stiffener element had various crack configurations emanating from bolt holes. Computational simulation methods were used to mimic the experiments in order to help understand experimental results. The results of this study indicate that it is at least partly feasible to interrogate this type of geometry with the given flaw configurations using phased array ultrasonics. The simulation methods were critical in helping explain the experimental results and, with some limitation, can be used to predict inspection results. C1 [Roth, D. J.; Tokars, R. P.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Martin, R. E.] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Rauser, R. W.] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 23681 USA. [Aldrin, J. C.] Comp Tools Ins, Gurnee 60031, IL USA. [Schumacher, E. J.] Magsoft Corporat, Ballerup 12020, Denmark. RP Roth, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. FU Magsoft Corporation FX CIVA software is developed by the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and is distributed and supported by Magsoft Corporation. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 910 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3362522 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038500111 ER PT S AU Wu, MC Winfree, WP AF Wu, Meng-Chou Winfree, William P. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI FIBER OPTIC THERMOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF FLAWS IN COMPOSITES SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 29A AND 29B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI HO Univ Rhode Isl DE Fiber Bragg Grating; Temperature Sensor; Thermography; Composite; Delamination ID BRAGG GRATINGS; SENSORS; TEMPERATURE; FABRICATION; STRAIN AB Optical fibers with multiple Bragg gratings bonded to surfaces of structures were used for thermographic detection of subsurface defects in structures. The investigated structures included a 10-ply composite specimen with subsurface delaminations of various sizes and depths. Both during and following the application of a thermal heat flux to the surface, the individual Bragg grating sensors measured the temporal and spatial temperature variations. The obtained data were analyzed with thermal modeling to reveal particular characteristics of the interested areas. These results were found to be consistent with the simulation results. C1 [Wu, Meng-Chou; Winfree, William P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Wu, MC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1211 BP 2015 EP 2022 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BQW91 UT WOS:000282038501117 ER PT J AU Notarnicola, C Ventura, B Casarano, D Posa, F Janssen, M AF Notarnicola, Claudia Ventura, Bartolomeo Casarano, Domenico Posa, Francesco Janssen, Michael TI Titan lakes: characterization of physical properties by combined electromagnetic models of SAR and radiometric data SO RIVISTA ITALIANA DI TELERILEVAMENTO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Microwave Remote Sensing (TLRMW CY OCT 23-24, 2008 CL Sapienza Univ Rome, Fac Engn, Rome, ITALY SP ASI, CETEMPS Univ Aquila, ESA, IEEE Italy Sect, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing S Italy Chapter, Selex, Sistgemi Integrati S p A, Thales Alenia Space, URSI, Italy Commiss HO Sapienza Univ Rome, Fac Engn DE electromagnetic models; SAR; radiometric data; Cassini mission; Titan ID CASSINI RADAR; SURFACE; DUNES AB From the analysis derived from the SAR imagery acquired by the Cassini RADAR, Titan reveals a complex surface with dark and bright areas, periodic structures and dark lake-like features, Which resemble terrestrial lakes. The abundant methane In Titan's atmosphere combined with the low temperature, around 89 K, lead scientists to interpret them as lakes of liquid methane or ethane. This paper presents an electromagnetic model of liquid surfaces combined with an inversion algorithm in order to retrieve information on liquid Surface. The inferred Physical surface parameters are then used as input to a forward radiative transfer model to obtain simulated brightness temperatures. The observed and computed brightness temperatures are compared to address the consistency of the observations from these two different Cassini RADAR modes. C1 [Notarnicola, Claudia] EURAC Inst Appl Remote Sensing, Bolzano, Italy. [Notarnicola, Claudia; Ventura, Bartolomeo] Dipartimento Interateneo Fis, Bari, Italy. [Casarano, Domenico] CNR, IRPI, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Posa, Francesco] Politecn Bari, Bari, Italy. [Janssen, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Notarnicola, C (reprint author), EURAC Inst Appl Remote Sensing, Viale Druso 1, Bolzano, Italy. EM claudia.notarnicola@eurac.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC ITALIANA TELERILEVAMENTO PI FIRENZE PA UNIV DEGLI STUDI FIRENZE, DIPT SCI TERRA, VIA JACOPO NARDI, FIRENZE, 50132, ITALY SN 1129-8596 J9 RIV ITAL TELERILEVAM JI Riv. Ital. Telerilevamento PY 2010 VL 42 IS 1 SI SI BP 51 EP 68 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 567ZX UT WOS:000275491000006 ER PT B AU Freund, FT Dahlgren, RP Chu, JJ AF Freund, F. T. Dahlgren, R. P. Chu, J. J. BE Xie, F TI Rock failure and the evolution of pre-failure signals SO ROCK STRESS AND EARTHQUAKES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In-Situ Rock Stress CY AUG 25-27, 2010 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Rock Mech, Inst Crustal Dynam China Earthquake Adm, Chinese Soc Rock Mech & Engn, Seismolog Soc China ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; IGNEOUS ROCKS; FRACTURE AB Earthquakes are massive rock failure events. Many large earthquakes are preceded by transient signals: electromagnetic, magnetic field variations, ionospheric perturbations, changes in soil conductivity, and other pre-earthquake (pre-EQ) signals. To the surprise of observers some of the pre-EQ signals tend to fade, even disappear, shortly before the seismic events. The discovery of stress-activated electric currents in rocks provides a possible explanation. Stresses activate mobile charge carriers in rocks, namely electron vacancy defects (EVD), also known as positive holes, symbolized by h*. The h* are equivalent to O(-) in a matrix of O(2-). They exist in unstressed rocks in an electrically inactive, dormant state. When activated the W flow down stress gradients, producing an electrical current. At very high stress rates dislocations begin to coalesce into microfractures, initiating catastrophic failure. They can no longer activate h* charge carriers. As a consequence, pre-rupture signals will decrease in magnitude. C1 [Freund, F. T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Code SGE, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Freund, FT (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Code SGE, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-60165-8 PY 2010 BP 833 EP 837 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BVB64 UT WOS:000290973700137 ER PT B AU Freund, FT Hoenig, SA Braun, A Dahlgren, RP Momayez, M Chu, JJ AF Freund, F. T. Hoenig, S. A. Braun, A. Dahlgren, R. P. Momayez, M. Chu, J. J. BE Xie, F TI Softening rocks with stress-activated electric current SO ROCK STRESS AND EARTHQUAKES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In-Situ Rock Stress CY AUG 25-27, 2010 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Rock Mech, Inst Crustal Dynam China Earthquake Adm, Chinese Soc Rock Mech & Engn, Seismolog Soc China ID MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; CONDUCTIVITY; HOLES AB When rocks are subjected to mechanical stress, dormant electronic defects become activated. This activation produces electron-hole pairs, which increase the electrical conductivity of rocks by releasing highly mobile defects electrons, equivalent to O- in a matrix of O2-, called positive holes and symbolized by h*. The h* charge carriers can spread from the stressed rock into surrounding unstressed rocks. Preventing the outflow of h* alters the mechanical properties of the rocks: they become softer and weaker. Ongoing studies point to a delocalization of the wave function associated with the h* charge carriers, which is far-reaching and affects many neighboring O2-. Although the number density of positive holes may be as low as 1 in 1000, essentially all O2- in the rock subvolume lose some of their electron density. This loss weakens the interatomic bonds between anions and cations, thus affecting the mechanical properties of rocks. C1 [Freund, F. T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Code SGE, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Freund, FT (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Code SGE, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-60165-8 PY 2010 BP 839 EP 843 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BVB64 UT WOS:000290973700138 ER PT S AU Dwyer, MB Purandare, R Person, S AF Dwyer, Matthew B. Purandare, Rahul Person, Suzette BE Barringer, H Falcone, Y Finkbeiner, B Havelund, K Lee, I Pace, G Rosu, G Sokolsky, O Tillmann, N TI Runtime Verification in Context: Can Optimizing Error Detection Improve Fault Diagnosis? SO RUNTIME VERIFICATION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Runtime Verification CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL St Julians, MALTA SP Int Federat Comp Logic, ARTIST Network Excellence Embedded Syst Design, Microsft Res, Univ Illinois ID LOCALIZATION; RELIABILITY AB Runtime verification has primarily been developed and evaluated as a means of enriching the software testing process. While many researchers have pointed to its potential applicability in online approaches to software fault tolerance, there has been a dearth of work exploring the details of how that might be accomplished. In this paper, we describe how a component-oriented approach to software health management exposes the connections between program execution, error detection, fault diagnosis, and recovery. We identify both research challenges and opportunities in exploiting those connections. Specifically, we describe how recent approaches to reducing the overhead of runtime monitoring aimed at error detection might be adapted to reduce the overhead and improve the effectiveness of fault diagnosis. C1 [Dwyer, Matthew B.; Purandare, Rahul] Univ Nebraska, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Person, Suzette] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Dwyer, MB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM dwyer@cse.unl.edu; rpuranda@cse.unl.edu; suzette.person@nasa.gov FU National Science Foundation [CCF-0747009, CCF-0915526]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AV20A]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0129] FX The ideas in this paper have been influenced over the course of many wide-ranging conversations about dynamic analysis and monitor optimization with our colleague Sebastian Elbaum. We also thank our colleague Paul Miner for his helpful insights on software fault-tolerance and software health management. Finally, we thank Natasha Neogi who asked "What information is lost during monitor optimization?" during a talk we gaveher question inspired us to think more deeply about these issues. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through awards CCF-0747009 and CCF-0915526, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant number NNX08AV20A, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through award FA9550-09-1-0129. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-16611-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6418 BP 36 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUI49 UT WOS:000289456400004 ER PT S AU Schumann, J Srivastava, AN Mengshoel, OJ AF Schumann, Johann Srivastava, Ashok N. Mengshoel, Ole J. BE Barringer, H Falcone, Y Finkbeiner, B Havelund, K Lee, I Pace, G Rosu, G Sokolsky, O Tillmann, N TI Who Guards the Guardians? - Toward V&V of Health Management Software SO RUNTIME VERIFICATION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Runtime Verification CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL St Julians, MALTA SP Int Federat Comp Logic, ARTIST Network Excellence Embedded Syst Design, Microsft Res, Univ Illinois C1 [Schumann, Johann] SGT Inc, NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Srivastava, Ashok N.] NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Mengshoel, Ole J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Schumann, J (reprint author), SGT Inc, NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Johann.M.Schumann@nasa.gov; Ashok.N.Srivastava@nasa.gov; Ole.J.Mengshoel@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-16611-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6418 BP 399 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUI49 UT WOS:000289456400030 ER PT S AU Seyster, J Dixit, K Huang, XW Grosu, R Havelund, K Smolka, SA Stoller, SD Zadok, E AF Seyster, Justin Dixit, Ketan Huang, Xiaowan Grosu, Radu Havelund, Klaus Smolka, Scott A. Stoller, Scott D. Zadok, Erez BE Barringer, H Falcone, Y Finkbeiner, B Havelund, K Lee, I Pace, G Rosu, G Sokolsky, O Tillmann, N TI Aspect-Oriented Instrumentation with GCC SO RUNTIME VERIFICATION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Runtime Verification CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL St Julians, MALTA SP Int Federat Comp Logic, ARTIST Network Excellence Embedded Syst Design, Microsft Res, Univ Illinois AB We present the INTERASPECT instrumentation framework for GCC, a widely used compiler infrastructure. The addition of plug-in support in the latest release of GCC makes it an attractive platform for runtime instrumentation, as GCC plug-ins can directly add instrumentation by transforming the compiler's intermediate representation. Such transformations, however, require expert knowledge of GCC internals. INTERASPECT addresses this situation by allowing instrumentation plug-ins to be developed using the familiar vocabulary of Aspect-Oriented Programming pointcuts, join points, and advice functions. INTERASPECT also supports powerful customized instrumentation, where specific information about each join point in a pointcut, as well as results of static analysis, can be used to customize the inserted instrumentation. We introduce the INTERASPECT API and present several examples that illustrate how it can be applied to useful runtime verification problems. C1 [Seyster, Justin; Dixit, Ketan; Huang, Xiaowan; Grosu, Radu; Smolka, Scott A.; Stoller, Scott D.; Zadok, Erez] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Comp Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Havelund, Klaus] California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Seyster, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Comp Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0481]; NSF [CCF-0926190, CCF-0613913, CNS-0831298]; ONR [N00014-07-1-0928, N00014-09-1-0651] FX We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. Part of the research described herein was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Research supported in part by AFOSR Grant FA9550-09-1-0481, NSF Grants CCF-0926190, CCF-0613913, and CNS-0831298, and ONR Grants N00014-07-1-0928 and N00014-09-1-0651. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-16611-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6418 BP 405 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUI49 UT WOS:000289456400031 ER PT B AU Huffman, GJ Adler, RF Bolvin, DT Nelkin, EJ AF Huffman, George J. Adler, Robert F. Bolvin, David T. Nelkin, Eric J. BE Gebremichael, M Hossain, F TI The TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) SO SATELLITE RAINFALL APPLICATIONS FOR SURFACE HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Precipitation; Satellite; Remote sensing; TRMM; GPM ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; RESOLUTION; RAINFALL; PROJECT; CLOUD; VALIDATION; DATASET; SCALES AB The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) is intended to provide a "best" estimate of quasi-global precipitation from the wide variety of modem satellite-borne precipitation-related sensors. Estimates are provided at relatively fine scales (0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees, 3-h) in both real and post-real time to accommodate a wide range of researchers. However, the errors inherent in the finest scale estimates are large. The most successful use of the TMPA data is when the analysis takes advantage of the fine-scale data to create time/space averages appropriate to the user's application. We review the conceptual basis for the TMPA, summarize the processing sequence, and focus on two new activities. First, a recent upgrade for the real-time version incorporates several additional satellite data sources and employs monthly climatological adjustments to approximate the bias characteristics of the research quality post-real-time product. Second, an upgrade for the research quality post-real-time TMPA from Versions 6 to 7 (in beta test at press time) is designed to provide a variety of improvements that increase the list of input data sets and correct several issues. Future enhancements for the TMPA will include improved error estimation, extension to higher latitudes, and a shift to a Lagrangian time interpolation scheme. C1 [Huffman, George J.; Adler, Robert F.; Bolvin, David T.; Nelkin, Eric J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Adler, Robert F.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Huffman, George J.; Bolvin, David T.; Nelkin, Eric J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20771 USA. RP Huffman, GJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM george.j.huffman@nasa.gov; Robert.f.adler@nasa.gov; david.t.bolvin@nasa.gov; eric.j.nelkin@nasa.gov NR 31 TC 182 Z9 186 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-2914-0 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2915-7_1 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-2915-7 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BMM12 UT WOS:000272785900001 ER PT B AU Turk, JT Mostovoy, GV Anantharaj, V AF Turk, Joseph T. Mostovoy, Georgy V. Anantharaj, Valentine BE Gebremichael, M Hossain, F TI The NRL-Blend High Resolution Precipitation Product and its Application to Land Surface Hydrology SO SATELLITE RAINFALL APPLICATIONS FOR SURFACE HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Satellite; Microwave; Surface; Model; Hydrology; GPM ID REAL-TIME; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; VEGETATION; MODELS AB In this chapter, we discuss the basic workings of the NRL-Blend high-resolution precipitation product, followed by a validation experiment. We employ satellite omissions to the existing (late 2008) constellation of low Earth orbiting satellite platforms to examine the impact of several proxy Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) satellite constellation configurations when used to initialize land Surface models (LSM). The emphasis is on how high resolution precipitation products such as the NRL-Blend are affected by such factors as sensor type (conical or across-track scanning) and nodal crossing time, using a collection of GPM proxy datasets gathered over the continental United States. We present results which examine how soil moisture states simulated by the two state-of-the-art land surface models are impacted when forced with the various precipitation datasets, each corresponding to a different proxy GPM constellation configuration. C1 [Turk, Joseph T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Turk, Joseph T.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Mostovoy, Georgy V.; Anantharaj, Valentine] Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RP Turk, JT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn 334, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jturk@jpl.nasa.gov; mostovoi@gri.msstate.edu; val@ERC.MsState.Edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-2914-0 PY 2010 BP 85 EP 104 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2915-7_6 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-2915-7 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BMM12 UT WOS:000272785900006 ER PT B AU Hong, Y Adler, RF Huffman, GJ Pierce, H AF Hong, Yang Adler, Robert F. Huffman, George J. Pierce, Harold BE Gebremichael, M Hossain, F TI Applications of TRMM-Based Multi-Satellite Precipitation Estimation for Global Runoff Prediction: Prototyping a Global Flood Modeling System SO SATELLITE RAINFALL APPLICATIONS FOR SURFACE HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Flood; Satellite Precipitation; Global flood modeling; TRMM ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; LAND-USE CHANGE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; CURVE NUMBERS; ANALYSIS TMPA; SCALE; RAINFALL; BASIN; WATER AB To offer a cost-effective solution to the ultimate challenge of building flood alert systems for the data-sparse regions of the world, this chapter describes a modular-structured Global Flood Monitoring (GFM) framework that incorporates satellite-based near real-time rainfall flux into a cost-effective hydrological model for flood modeling quasi-globally. This framework includes four major components: TRMM-based real-time precipitation, a global land surface database, a distributed hydrological model, and an open-access web interface. Retrospective simulations for 1998-2006 demonstrate that the GFM performs consistently at catchment levels. The interactive GFM website shows close-up maps of the flood risks overlaid on topography/population or integrated with the Google-Earth Visualization tool. One additional capability, which extends forecast lead-time by assimilating QPF into the GFM, also will be implemented in the future. C1 [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Huffman, George J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20771 USA. [Adler, Robert F.; Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Adler, Robert F.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pierce, Harold] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu; Robert.f.adler@nasa.gov; george.j.huffman@nasa.gov; harold.f.pierce@nasa.gov RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-2914-0 PY 2010 BP 245 EP 265 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2915-7_15 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-2915-7 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BMM12 UT WOS:000272785900015 ER PT J AU Kharuk, VI Im, ST Dvinskaya, ML Ranson, KJ AF Kharuk, Vyacheslav I. Im, Sergey T. Dvinskaya, Maria L. Ranson, Kenneth J. TI Climate-induced mountain tree-line evolution in southern Siberia SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alpine forest-tundra ecotone; tree-line response to climate change; krummholz; Larix sibirica; Pinus sibirica ID FOREST-TUNDRA ECOTONE; GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; SWEDISH SCANDES; EVERGREEN CONIFERS; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; PERSPECTIVE; 20TH-CENTURY; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS AB The elevational tree-line change within the transitional zone between boreal forest and Mongolian steppes was quantified for the last millennium. The basic approach included studies along transects and measurements of tree-line positions to identify current, historical, refugee and regeneration tree lines. Tree mortality and natality were determined based on dendrochronology analysis. Tree mortality in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries coincided with the Little Ice Age, while tree establishment was stimulated by warming at the end of nineteenth century. Downward shifts in tree line varied by an order of magnitude. The current tree-line position reoccupied the historical tree line in some transects, and was below or above the historical line in others. The regeneration line surpassed the historical tree line by 91 +/- 46 m (mean +/- SD). Such a heterogeneous response was attributed to local topoclimatic conditions and sapling recruitment efficiency. A mean annual 1 degrees C increase in temperature was associated with an upward shift of the tree line by about 70 m. The upward migration rate of the current tree line was about 0.8 m year-1 during the last century. The regeneration migration rate was about 2.3 m year-1 over the past three decades. Finally, the transformation of krummholz forms of larch and Siberian pine into arborescent form was documented. C1 [Kharuk, Vyacheslav I.; Im, Sergey T.; Dvinskaya, Maria L.] VN Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [Ranson, Kenneth J.] NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kharuk, VI (reprint author), VN Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Acad Gorodok 50-28, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. EM kharuk@ksc.krasn.ru RI Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012; Im, Sergei/J-2736-2016 OI Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270; Im, Sergei/0000-0002-5794-7938 FU NASA Science Mission Directorate; Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Science [23.3.33, MK-2497.2009.5]; Terrestrial Ecology Program FX This research was supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Terrestrial Ecology Program, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Science Program 23.3.33 and grant MK-2497.2009.5. The authors thank Dr V. Miglan for help with the dendrochronology analysis and Dr Joanne Howl for editing this manuscript. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 EI 1651-1891 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 446 EP 454 AR PII 927462506 DI 10.1080/02827581.2010.509329 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 659VI UT WOS:000282594700006 ER PT J AU Kang, SW Banerjee, D Kaul, AB Megerian, KG AF Kang, S-W. Banerjee, D. Kaul, A. B. Megerian, K. G. TI Nanopatterning of Catalyst by Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN) for Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE nanocatalysis; lateral force microscopy (LFM); scanning electron microscope (SEM); spectroscopy; materials characterization ID DEPOSITION; GROWTH; ARRAYS AB Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized on nanopatterned catalysts. The catalyst nanoparticles were obtained using dip pen nanolithographytechnique. Dip pen nanolithography technique was used to deposit NiCl(2) nanopatterns with sub-200 nm feature sizes on a silicon substrate. The deposited features were verified by using lateral force microscopy. The substrate was then placed in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition instrument to synthesize CNT. The synthesized CNT were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. SCANNING 32: 42-48, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Kang, S-W.; Banerjee, D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kaul, A. B.; Megerian, K. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Banerjee, D (reprint author), Mail Stop 3123 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dbanerjee@tamu.edu RI Banerjee, Debjyoti/A-8298-2013; Kang, Seokwon/H-7651-2013 OI Banerjee, Debjyoti/0000-0002-0197-7011; Kang, Seokwon/0000-0003-2062-5297 FU Defense Advanced Projects Agency/Micro/Nano-Fluidics Fundamental Focus Center (DARPA-MF3); Office of Naval Research (ONR); Space and Naval Warfare Center Systems Command (SPAWAR-SSC); Department of Energy (DOE) FX Contract grant sponsors: Defense Advanced Projects Agency/Micro/Nano-Fluidics Fundamental Focus Center (DARPA-MF3); Office of Naval Research (ONR); Space and Naval Warfare Center Systems Command (SPAWAR-SSC); Department of Energy (DOE). NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 32 IS 1 SI SI BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1002/sca.20184 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 607QL UT WOS:000278521300008 PM 20496440 ER PT S AU de Asis, ED Li, Y Austin, AJ Leung, J Nguyen, CV AF de Asis, Edward D., Jr. Li, You Austin, Alex J. Leung, Joseph Nguyen, Cattien V. BE Bhushan, B TI Carbon Nanotube Atomic Force Microscopy with Applications to Biology and Electronics SO SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY IN NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SE Nanoscience and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Carbon Nanotube Scanning Probe Microscopy; Fabrication and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Probe Tip; Application of Carbon Nanotube Probe to Various Force Microscopy Modes; Biological Imaging; Drug Delivery; Optical Near-Field Microscopy ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; AFM PROBES; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; TIPS; RESOLUTION; FABRICATION; NANOSCALE AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) possesses many desirable properties electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength combined with ductility, chemical inertness, high aspect ratio, and resistance to wear. These same attributes can extend the capabilities of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) beyond the limits imposed by conventional silicon and silicon nitride AFM tips. In this chapter, we will give a brief introduction to the chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties of CNT. Following this will be techniques for fabrication of CNT tips and then a detailed discussion of methods for characterizing CNT AFM tip performance with respect to resolution, tip conductivity, three-dimensional imaging, and long-term reliability, including recently reported performance metrics for CNT tips used in Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) imaging studies. A survey of the application of CNT probes to a diverse array of AFM imaging modes such as Chemical Force Microscopy, Electric Force Microscopy, Friction Force Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Magnetic Force Microscopy, and Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy highlights the advantages and performance improvements of using CNT AFM probes over conventional silicon probes. Finally, a presentation of the biological applications of CNT AFM probes illustrates the CNT probe's present use in aggressive imaging of soft, fragile, feature-rich samples and potential use in targeted nanoscale drug-delivery. C1 [de Asis, Edward D., Jr.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Bioengn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Li, You; Austin, Alex J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nguyen, Cattien V.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP de Asis, ED (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Bioengn, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. EM edeasis@scu.edu; reasonli@gmail.com; alexjaustin@gmail.com; leung@merlin.arc.nasa.gov; Cattien.V.Nguyen@nasa.gov NR 94 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-642-03534-0 J9 NANOSCI TECHNOL PY 2010 BP 129 EP 168 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-03535-7 PG 40 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Microscopy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Microscopy GA BOL46 UT WOS:000276943800005 ER PT J AU He, F Zhang, XX Chen, B Fok, MC AF He Fei Zhang XiaoXin Chen Bo Fok Mei-Ching TI Calculation of the extreme ultraviolet radiation of the earth's plasmasphere SO SCIENCE CHINA-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE earth's plasmasphere; dynamic global core plasma model; extreme ultraviolet radiation; lunar-based imaging ID INTERPLANETARY GAS; DENSITY; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; NIGHT; SKY AB The dynamic global core plasma model (DGCPM) is used in this paper to calculate the He(+) density distribution of the Earth's plasmasphere and to investigate the configurations and 30.4 nm radiation properties of the plasmasphere. Validation comparisons between the simulation results and IMAGE mission observations show: That the equatorial structure of the plasmapause is mainly located near 5.5 R(E) and the typical scale of plasmasphere shrinking or expansion within 10 min is approximately 0.1 R(E); that the plasmaspheric shoulders are formed and rotate noon-ward from the dawn sector under the conditions of strong southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF); that the plasmaspheric plumes will rotate dawn-ward from the night sector and become narrow for the southward turning of the IMF. The simulated images from the lunar orbit show that the plasmasphere locating within the geocentric distance of 5.5 R(E) corresponds to field of view (FOV) of 10.7 degrees x10.7 degrees for the moon-based EUV imager, and that the 30.4 nm radiation intensity of the plasmasphere is 0.1-11.4 R. The plasmaspheric shoulders and plumes locating toward the moon-side are for the first time simulated with typical scale level of 0.1 R(E) from the side view of the moon. These simulated results provide an important theoretical basis for the lunar-based EUV camera design. C1 [Zhang XiaoXin] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Ctr Space Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [He Fei; Chen Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Changchun Inst Opt Fine Mech & Phys, Changchun 130033, Peoples R China. [Fok Mei-Ching] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [He Fei] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XX (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Ctr Space Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM xxzhang@cma.gov.cn RI he, fei/B-9277-2012 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40774098, 40774079, 40890160]; National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China [2007AA12Z314]; Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Program FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 40774098, 40774079 and 40890160), the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China ("863" Project) (Grant No. 2007AA12Z314), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Program. The authors would like to thank Dr. Weimer D R for providing the Weimer electric field model and Dr. Gallagher D L for valuable discussions on this paper. The authors would like to thank NASA-CCMC (http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/) for providing the code of IGRF and Tsyganenko model and Dr. Forrester T of IMAGE/EUV team for the EUV data and relevant processing software available at http://euv.lpl.arizona.edu/euv/. The authors also thank the ACE Science Center for the MAG and SWEPAM data available at http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/, and the Kyoto World Data Center for the geomagnetic index available at http://swdcwww.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/index.html. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-7321 J9 SCI CHINA TECHNOL SC JI Sci. China-Technol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s11431-009-0311-1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 581TG UT WOS:000276546900034 ER PT B AU Hasan, H Smith, DA AF Hasan, Hashima Smith, Denise A. BE Barnes, J Smith, DA Gibbs, MG Manning, JG TI IYA2009 NASA Programs: Midyear Status SO SCIENCE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: FORGING A PATH TO THE FUTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY SEP 12-16, 2009 CL Millbrae, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASA Sci Miss Directorate, NRAO, California Space Grant Consortium, Northrop Grumman, Sky Skan, Univ Chicago Press, Ball Aerospace Technol, Capitol Coll, Astronom Assoc No California, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Seiler Instruments, Astron Soc Pacific AB NASA's Science Mission Directorate's (SMD) celebration of the International Year of Astronomy (IYA) 2009 was kicked off in January 2009 with a sneak preview of a mufti-wavelength image of M101, and of other images from NASA's space science missions. Since then some of the exciting science generated by NASA's missions in astrophysics, planetary science and heliophysics, which has been given an IYA2009 flavor, has been made available to students, educators and the public worldwide. Some examples of the progress of NASA's programs are presented. The Visions of the Universe traveling exhibit of NASA images to public libraries around the country has been a spectacular success and is being extended to include more libraries. NASA IYA Student Ambassadors met at summer workshop and presented their projects. NASA's Afterschool Universe has provided IYA training to community-based organizations, while pre-launch teacher workshops associated with the Kepler and WISE missions have been designed to engage educators in the science of these missions. IYA activities have been associated with several missions launched this year. These include the Hubble Servicing Mission 4, Kepler, Herschel/Planck, and LCROSS. The NASA IYA website continues to be popular, getting visitors spanning a wide spectrum. NASA's IYA programs have captured the imagination of the public and continue to keep it engaged in the scientific exploration of the universe. C1 [Hasan, Hashima] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-742-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 431 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BWD16 UT WOS:000293601500009 ER PT B AU Thieman, J Ng, C Lewis, E Cline, T AF Thieman, James Carolyn Ng Lewis, Elaine Cline, Troy BE Barnes, J Smith, DA Gibbs, MG Manning, JG TI Sun-Earth Days SO SCIENCE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: FORGING A PATH TO THE FUTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY SEP 12-16, 2009 CL Millbrae, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASA Sci Miss Directorate, NRAO, California Space Grant Consortium, Northrop Grumman, Sky Skan, Univ Chicago Press, Ball Aerospace Technol, Capitol Coll, Astronom Assoc No California, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Seiler Instruments, Astron Soc Pacific AB Sun-Earth Day is a well-coordinated series of programs, resources and events under a unique yearly theme highlighting the fundamentals of heliophysics research and missions. A menu of activities, conducted throughout the year, inspire and educate participants. Sun-Earth Day itself can vary in date, but usually is identified by a celebration on or near the spring equinox. Through the Sun-Earth Day framework we have been able to offer a series of coordinated events that promote and highlight the Sun, its connection to Earth and the other planets. Sun-Earth Day events are hosted by educators, museums, amateur astronomers and scientists and occur at schools, community groups, parks, planetaria and science centers around the globe. Sun-Earth Day raises the awareness and knowledge of formal and informal education audiences concerning space weather and heliophysics. By building on the success of Sun-Earth Day yearly celebrations, we seek to affect people of all backgrounds and ages with the wonders of heliophysics science, discovery, and exploration in ways that are both tangible and meaningful to their lives. C1 [Thieman, James; Carolyn Ng; Lewis, Elaine; Cline, Troy] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-742-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 431 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BWD16 UT WOS:000293601500020 ER PT B AU Morrison, D AF Morrison, David BE Barnes, J Smith, DA Gibbs, MG Manning, JG TI Cosmophobia, Nibiru, and Doomsday 2012 SO SCIENCE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: FORGING A PATH TO THE FUTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY SEP 12-16, 2009 CL Millbrae, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASA Sci Miss Directorate, NRAO, California Space Grant Consortium, Northrop Grumman, Sky Skan, Univ Chicago Press, Ball Aerospace Technol, Capitol Coll, Astronom Assoc No California, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Seiler Instruments, Astron Soc Pacific AB Stories about the fictional planet Nibiru and predictions of doomsday in December 2012 have blossomed on the Internet and are beginning to creep into the more traditional media. There are now (September 2009) more than 200 books listed on Amazon.com dealing with the 2012 doomsday. Publicity for the science fiction film "2012" seem to be marketing Hollywood disasters as reality. As this hoax spreads, many more disaster scenarios are being suggested. Every week I receive dozens of questions sent to the NASA website(1) "Ask an Astrobiologist" from people who are afraid that the world is about to end. Most of this fear is directed at astronomical phenomena being characterized on the Internet as threats. Following is a list of the most popular "Twenty Questions" sent to Ask an Astrobiologist, organized in a logical succession and answered in some detail. The questions are mostly Composites, but they are based on real messages sent to NASA by the public. C1 [Morrison, David] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Washington, DC USA. EM david.morrison@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-742-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 431 BP 121 EP 131 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BWD16 UT WOS:000293601500021 ER PT B AU Scalice, D Carron, A AF Scalice, Daniella Carron, Alice BE Barnes, J Smith, DA Gibbs, MG Manning, JG TI Crossroads and Connections: An Evolving Relationship between NASA and the Navajo Nation SO SCIENCE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: FORGING A PATH TO THE FUTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY SEP 12-16, 2009 CL Millbrae, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASA Sci Miss Directorate, NRAO, California Space Grant Consortium, Northrop Grumman, Sky Skan, Univ Chicago Press, Ball Aerospace Technol, Capitol Coll, Astronom Assoc No California, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Seiler Instruments, Astron Soc Pacific AB Is working with Native Americans business as usual? We live in a project-based world that operates on three-to-five-year grants. A long term commitment can be next to impossible to keep, even if you have the best of intentions. Are there things one "must know" before approaching an indigenous population? Flow is it best to evaluate projects and programs involving Native Americans? In the NASA and the Navajo Nation project, which will turn five in January, 2010, we have compiled some key lessons learned that we hope will inform and encourage future partnerships between the space science education and Native American communities.(1) C1 [Scalice, Daniella] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-742-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 431 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BWD16 UT WOS:000293601500037 ER PT B AU Mattson, BJ Lochner, JC AF Mattson, Barbara J. Lochner, James C. BE Barnes, J Smith, DA Gibbs, MG Manning, JG TI Science Journalism: Using Science Literacy to Teach Fundamental Science SO SCIENCE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: FORGING A PATH TO THE FUTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY SEP 12-16, 2009 CL Millbrae, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASA Sci Miss Directorate, NRAO, California Space Grant Consortium, Northrop Grumman, Sky Skan, Univ Chicago Press, Ball Aerospace Technol, Capitol Coll, Astronom Assoc No California, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Seiler Instruments, Astron Soc Pacific AB Science has many stories to tell. A carefully crafted series of stories can create a rich experience based in science literacy to teach fundamental science concepts. In particular, framing the stories as historic news articles illustrates the process of science and opens up opportunities for multidisciplinary lessons. NASA's Cosmic Times materials illustrate how we applied this model to tell the story of Our understanding of the expanding universe over the past century. Cosmic Times is a series of curriculum support materials and classroom activities for grades 7-12. The series includes six posters, each resembling the front page of a newspaper from a particular time during the past 100 years with articles describing the discoveries. The articles trace astronomer's efforts to determine the size of the universe, the nature of supernovae, and the nature of the expansion of the universe. Each poster is accompanied by inquiry-based lessons that teach the science, the process of science, and skills for science literacy. In addition, these lessons include cross-curricular activities exploring the times and social circumstances of the discoveries. These materials serve as a springboard for a discussion on using science literacy and storytelling with other science topics, ranging from our modern understanding of the planets and planet formation to the development of the theory of evolution. C1 [Mattson, Barbara J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-742-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 431 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BWD16 UT WOS:000293601500043 ER PT B AU Mendez, BJH Day, B Gay, PL Jacoby, SH Raddick, MJ Walker, CE Pompea, SM AF Mendez, Bryan J. H. Day, Brian Gay, Pamela L. Jacoby, Suzanne H. Raddick, M. Jordan Walker, Constance E. Pompea, Stephen M. BE Barnes, J Smith, DA Gibbs, MG Manning, JG TI The Spectrum of Citizen Science Projects in Astronomy and Space Science SO SCIENCE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: FORGING A PATH TO THE FUTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY SEP 12-16, 2009 CL Millbrae, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASA Sci Miss Directorate, NRAO, California Space Grant Consortium, Northrop Grumman, Sky Skan, Univ Chicago Press, Ball Aerospace Technol, Capitol Coll, Astronom Assoc No California, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Seiler Instruments, Astron Soc Pacific AB Citizen science projects are gaining in popularity and are seen by some as a paradigm shift that will benefit participants, extend scientific research, and improve public understanding of how science is done. All projects engage nonspecialists in observations, measurements, or classifications that further some aspect of scientific activity. In astronomy and space science, there is a range of involvement from passive to active, and differences in how necessary the citizen scientists are to the scientific goals of the project. Some projects are dealing with scientific questions that could not be investigated effectively and efficiently without the aid of large numbers of human volunteers. We will conduct a panel discussion of the lessons learned from several current citizen science projects in astronomy and space science. We will also engage session participants in round table discussions of future citizen science projects, especially in light of the large data sets becoming available online and access to educational telescopes. C1 [Mendez, Bryan J. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Day, Brian] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gay, Pamela L.] South Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Jacoby, Suzanne H.] Large Synopt Survey Telescope Corp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Raddick, M. Jordan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Walker, Constance E.; Pompea, Stephen M.] US Natl Opt Astronm Observat, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Mendez, BJH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-742-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 431 BP 324 EP 333 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BWD16 UT WOS:000293601500053 ER PT B AU Krishnamurthi, A Lochner, JC Conaty, C Eyermann, S Ferrell, T Gliba, G Griswold, B Masetti, M Mitchell, S Reddy, F Toth, T VanDoren, A AF Krishnamurthi, Anita Lochner, James C. Conaty, Carmel Eyermann, Sarah Ferrell, Trena Gliba, George Griswold, Britt Masetti, Maggie Mitchell, Sara Reddy, Francis Toth, Todd VanDoren, Aleya BE Barnes, J Smith, DA Gibbs, MG Manning, JG TI Using IYA to Bring the Universe Down to Earth in the Metro DC Area SO SCIENCE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: FORGING A PATH TO THE FUTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY SEP 12-16, 2009 CL Millbrae, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASA Sci Miss Directorate, NRAO, California Space Grant Consortium, Northrop Grumman, Sky Skan, Univ Chicago Press, Ball Aerospace Technol, Capitol Coll, Astronom Assoc No California, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Seiler Instruments, Astron Soc Pacific AB The Astrophysics Science Division at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center utilized the 100 Hours of Astronomy effort to pilot innovative ideas to reach new audiences and engage the local community. These events successfully engaged partners across Goddard and brought new audiences to Goddard and NASA during this International Year of Astronomy. During the week, we engaged professional astronomers, out-of-school-time educators, career counselors and local area K-12 teachers. The weekend events were targeted at families and the general public. In addition to bringing people to Goddard with events at the Goddard Visitors Center, we staged some events out in our local community. We discuss how we obtained center-wide engagement and participation in this effort and the impact of this cross-disciplinary outreach. C1 [Krishnamurthi, Anita; Lochner, James C.; Eyermann, Sarah; Gliba, George; Griswold, Britt; Masetti, Maggie; Mitchell, Sara; Reddy, Francis] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Krishnamurthi, Anita] Univ Maryland, CRESST, College Pk, MD USA. [Krishnamurthi, Anita] American Astronm Society, Washington, DC USA. [Lochner, James C.] Univ Space Res Assoc, CRESST, Columbia, MD USA. [Conaty, Carmel; Ferrell, Trena; Toth, Todd] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Off Educ, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Eyermann, Sarah; Gliba, George; Mitchell, Sara; Reddy, Francis] SIP Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Ferrell, Trena] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK USA. [Griswold, Britt; VanDoren, Aleya] Maslow Media Grp Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Masetti, Maggie] Adnet Syst Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Toth, Todd] Waynesboro Area Sch District, Washington, DC USA. [VanDoren, Aleya] NASA Goddard Space, Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Krishnamurthi, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-742-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 431 BP 363 EP 367 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BWD16 UT WOS:000293601500059 ER PT B AU Barbier, SB Bartolone, L Christian, ER Eastman, T Lewis, E Thieman, J AF Barbier, S. Beth Bartolone, Lindsay Christian, Eric R. Eastman, Timothy Lewis, Elaine Thieman, James BE Barnes, J Smith, DA Gibbs, MG Manning, JG TI Extraordinary Matter: Visualizing Space Plasmas and Particles SO SCIENCE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: FORGING A PATH TO THE FUTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY SEP 12-16, 2009 CL Millbrae, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASA Sci Miss Directorate, NRAO, California Space Grant Consortium, Northrop Grumman, Sky Skan, Univ Chicago Press, Ball Aerospace Technol, Capitol Coll, Astronom Assoc No California, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Seiler Instruments, Astron Soc Pacific AB We present an online NASA multimedia library, now in development, designed to assist educators with explaining concepts of basic particle and plasma physics. Such resources are few in number and/or difficult to locate, and most do not provide suitable context. On our Extraordinary Matter site, each product will be accompanied by an explanation at a reading level matching the concept's educational level, link to the source, educational standards addressed, file size, use restrictions, credits, format(s), creation date and, optionally, associated educational activities and other relevant information and links. The site will target grades 9-14 and the equivalent in informal education and outreach. Products are intended to stand alone, making them adaptable to the widest range of uses. This project is funded by the NASA EPOESS Program in response to NRA NNH08ZDA001N for ROSES-2008. C1 [Barbier, S. Beth] NASA GSFC SP Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bartolone, Lindsay] Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL USA. [Christian, Eric R.; Eastman, Timothy] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lewis, Elaine] Wyle Informat Syt LLC, Mclean, VA USA. [Thieman, James] Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Barbier, SB (reprint author), NASA GSFC SP Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Christian, Eric/D-4974-2012 OI Christian, Eric/0000-0003-2134-3937 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-742-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 431 BP 393 EP 395 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BWD16 UT WOS:000293601500065 ER PT B AU Gibbs, MG Walters, A Wagner, DM Dolan, K Marius, JL AF Gibbs, Michael G. Walters, Angela Wagner, David M. Dolan, Ken Marius, Julio L. BE Barnes, J Smith, DA Gibbs, MG Manning, JG TI Advancing the Future of STEM Workforce Development: The Capitol College Space Operations Institute SO SCIENCE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: FORGING A PATH TO THE FUTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY SEP 12-16, 2009 CL Millbrae, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASA Sci Miss Directorate, NRAO, California Space Grant Consortium, Northrop Grumman, Sky Skan, Univ Chicago Press, Ball Aerospace Technol, Capitol Coll, Astronom Assoc No California, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Seiler Instruments, Astron Soc Pacific AB The Capitol College Space Operations Institute (SOI), through a cooperative agreement with NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, provides undergraduate students real-world learning experiences to enhance their careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) disciplines. This poster session highlights the current NASA Capitol College relationship through the SOI and future opportunities in advancing the goals of improving science literacy, while simultaneously encouraging students to enter the STEM workforce. Examples include student learning experiences with the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), a satellite operated by the SOI at the Goddard Space Flight Center. The SOI is also designing and building an upgraded ground system for the TRMM mission and will become the back-up control center for the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission. C1 [Gibbs, Michael G.; Walters, Angela; Wagner, David M.; Dolan, Ken] Capitol Coll, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Marius, Julio L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gibbs, MG (reprint author), Capitol Coll, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-742-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 431 BP 440 EP 442 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BWD16 UT WOS:000293601500077 ER PT B AU Rapley, C AF Rapley, Chris BE Morris, PJT TI Afterword: A Speech made at the Dinner to Celebrate the Centenary of the Science Museum on 11 June 2009 by Professor Chris Rapley CBE, Director of the Science Museum SO SCIENCE FOR THE NATION: PERSPECTIVES ON THE HISTORY OF THE SCIENCE MUSEUM LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Rapley, Chris] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Rapley, Chris] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Int Geosphere Biosphere Programme, Stockholm, Sweden. [Rapley, Chris] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Rapley, Chris] European Space Agcy, F-75738 Paris 15, France. [Rapley, Chris] St Edmunds Coll, Cambridge, England. RP Rapley, C (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, London, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28314-5 PY 2010 BP 312 EP 316 D2 10.1057/9780230283145 PG 5 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BXI11 UT WOS:000296159600016 ER PT S AU Stecker, FW AF Stecker, Floyd W. BE Cecchi, C Ciprini, S Lubrano, P Tosti, G TI Gamma-ray and Cosmic-ray Tests of Lorentz Invariance Violation and Quantum Gravity Models and Their Implications SO SCIENCE WITH THE NEW GENERATION OF HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EXPERIMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Gamma-Ray Physics in the LHC Era CY OCT 07-09, 2009 CL Assisi, ITALY SP INFN, Univ Perugia, Town Council Assisi, Astroparticle Phys Assoc Rome DE quantum gravity ID SPACE-TIME FOAM; SPECTRUM; BURSTS; MARKARIAN-501; DIMENSIONS; RADIATION; DETECTOR AB The topic of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) is a fundamental question in physics that has taken on particular interest in theoretical explorations of quantum gravity scenarios. I discuss various gamma-ray observations that give limits on predicted potential effects of Lorentz invariance violation. Among these are spectral data from ground based observations of the multi-TeV gamma-rays from nearby AGN. INTEGRAL detections of polarized soft gamma-rays from the vicinity of the Crab pulsar, Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope studies of photon propagation timing from gamma-ray bursts, and Auger data on the spectrum of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. These results can be used to seriously constrain or rule out some models involving Planck scale physics. Possible implications of these limits for quantum gravity and Planck scale physics will be discussed. C1 [Stecker, Floyd W.] NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Stecker, FW (reprint author), NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Stecker, Floyd/D-3169-2012 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0767-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1223 BP 192 EP 206 DI 10.1063/1.3395985 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPB82 UT WOS:000278483100021 ER PT S AU Ho, SS Tang, WQ Liu, WT Schneider, M AF Ho, Shen-Shyang Tang, Wenqing Liu, W. Timothy Schneider, Markus BE Gertz, M Ludascher, B TI A Framework for Moving Sensor Data Query and Retrieval of Dynamic Atmospheric Events SO SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Theoret Studies DE data retrieval; satellite data; atmospheric events; spatio-temporal join ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TROPICAL CYCLONES; EOSDIS AB One challenge in Earth science research is the accurate and efficient ad-hoc query and retrieval of Earth science satellite sensor data based on user-defined criteria to study and analyze atmospheric events such as tropical cyclones. The problem can be formulated as a spatio-temporal join query to identify the spatio-temporal location where moving sensor objects and dynamic atmospheric event objects intersect, either precisely or within a user-defined proximity. In this paper, we describe an efficient query and retrieval framework to handle the problem of identifying the spatio-temporal intersecting positions for satellite sensor data retrieval. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework using sensor measurements from QuikSCAT (wind field measurement) and TRMM (precipitation vertical profile measurements) satellites, and the trajectories of the tropical cyclones occurring in the North Atlantic Ocean in 2009. C1 [Ho, Shen-Shyang; Tang, Wenqing; Liu, W. Timothy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schneider, Markus] Univ Florida, Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ho, SS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sho@jpl.nasa.gov; Wenqing.Tang@jpl.nasa.gov; w.t.liu@jpl.nasa.gov; mschneid@cise.ufl.edu RI Ho, Shen-Shyang/B-7034-2012 OI Ho, Shen-Shyang/0000-0002-0353-7159 FU National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration (NASA) Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) Program [AIST-08-0081] FX This work was partially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology and was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration (NASA) Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) Program under grant number AIST-08-0081. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13817-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6187 BP 96 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BSZ16 UT WOS:000286148800009 ER PT J AU Shan, HZ Blagojevic, F Min, SJ Hargrove, P Jin, HQ Fuerlinger, K Koniges, A Wright, NJ AF Shan, Hongzhang Blagojevic, Filip Min, Seung-Jai Hargrove, Paul Jin, Haoqiang Fuerlinger, Karl Koniges, Alice Wright, Nicholas J. TI A programming model performance study using the NAS parallel benchmarks SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Programming model; performance study; UPC; OpenMP; MPI; memory usage AB Harnessing the power of multicore platforms is challenging due to the additional levels of parallelism present. In this paper we use the NAS Parallel Benchmarks to study three programming models, MPI, OpenMP and PGAS to understand their performance and memory usage characteristics on current multicore architectures. To understand these characteristics we use the Integrated Performance Monitoring tool and other ways to measure communication versus computation time, as well as the fraction of the run time spent in OpenMP. The benchmarks are run on two different Cray XT5 systems and an Infiniband cluster. Our results show that in general the three programming models exhibit very similar performance characteristics. In a few cases, OpenMP is significantly faster because it explicitly avoids communication. For these particular cases, we were able to re-write the UPC versions and achieve equal performance to OpenMP. Using OpenMP was also the most advantageous in terms of memory usage. Also we compare performance differences between the two Cray systems, which have quad-core and hex-core processors. We show that at scale the performance is almost always slower on the hex-core system because of increased contention for network resources. C1 [Shan, Hongzhang; Blagojevic, Filip; Min, Seung-Jai; Hargrove, Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Future Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jin, Haoqiang] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NAS Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fuerlinger, Karl] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koniges, Alice; Wright, Nicholas J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shan, HZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Future Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hshan@lbl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Center for Computational Sciences [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX All authors from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory were supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 153 EP 167 DI 10.3233/SPR-2010-0306 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 709RQ UT WOS:000286459500004 ER PT J AU Huang, L Jin, HQ Yi, LQ Chapman, B AF Huang, Lei Jin, Haoqiang Yi, Liqi Chapman, Barbara TI Enabling locality-aware computations in OpenMP SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Locality of computation; memory programming; OpenMP; programming models AB Locality of computation is key to obtaining high performance on a broad variety of parallel architectures and applications. It is moreover an essential component of strategies for energy-efficient computing. OpenMP is a widely available industry standard for shared memory programming. With the pervasive deployment of multi-core computers and the steady growth in core count, a productive programming model such as OpenMP is increasingly expected to play an important role in adapting applications to this new hardware. However, OpenMP does not provide the programmer with explicit means to program for locality. Rather it presents the user with a "flat" memory model. In this paper, we discuss the need for explicit programmer control of locality within the context of OpenMP and present some ideas on how this might be accomplished. We describe potential extensions to OpenMP that would enable the user to manage a program's data layout and to align tasks and data in order to minimize the cost of data accesses. We give examples showing the intended use of the proposed features, describe our current implementation and present some experimental results. Our hope is that this work will lead to efforts that would help OpenMP to be a major player on emerging, multi- and many-core architectures. C1 [Huang, Lei; Yi, Liqi; Chapman, Barbara] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Jin, Haoqiang] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CCF-0833201, CCF-0917285]; Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER25759] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CCF-0833201 and CCF-0917285 as well as the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FC02-06ER25759. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.3233/SPR-2010-0307 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 709RQ UT WOS:000286459500005 ER PT J AU Jespersen, DC AF Jespersen, Dennis C. TI Acceleration of a CFD code with a GPU SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE GPU; CUDA; acceleration; OVERFLOW code ID ALGORITHM; FORM AB The Computational Fluid Dynamics code OVERFLOW includes as one of its solver options an algorithm which is a fairly small piece of code but which accounts for a significant portion of the total computational time. This paper studies some of the issues in accelerating this piece of code by using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). The algorithm needs to be modified to be suitable for a GPU and attention needs to be given to 64-bit and 32-bit arithmetic. Interestingly, the work done for the GPU produced ideas for accelerating the CPU code and led to significant speedup on the CPU. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Jespersen, DC (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Dennis.Jespersen@nasa.gov FU NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate FX This work was partially supported by the Fundamental Aeronautics Program of NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate. NVIDIA Corporation donated the Tesla C1060 hardware. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.3233/SPR-2010-0309 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 709RQ UT WOS:000286459500007 ER PT S AU Badescu, M Bao, XQ Bar-Cohen, Y Chang, ZS Kerenyi, K Lih, SS Sherrit, S Trease, BP Chen, B Widholm, S AF Badescu, Mircea Bao, Xiaoqi Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Chang, Zensheu Kerenyi, Kornel Lih, Shyh-Shiuh Sherrit, Stewart Trease, Brian P. Chen, Beck Widholm, Scott BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V Lynch, JP TI Direct Measurement Sensor of the Boundary Shear Stress in Fluid Flow SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2010 CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, KAIST DE Sensor; shear stress; fluid flow AB The flow fields and boundary erosion that are associated with scour at bridge piers are very complex. Direct measurement of the boundary shear stress and boundary pressure fluctuations in experimental scour research has always been a challenge and high spatial resolution and fidelity have been almost impossible. Most researchers have applied an indirect process to determine shear stress using precise measured velocity profiles. Laser Doppler Anemometry and Particle Image Velocimetry are common techniques used to accurately measure velocity profiles. These methods are based on theoretical assumptions to estimate boundary shear stress. In addition, available turbulence models cannot very well account for the effect of bed roughness which is fundamentally important for any CFD simulation. The authors have taken on the challenge to advance the magnitude level to which direct measurements of the shear stress in water flow can be performed. This paper covered the challenges and the efforts to develop a higher accuracy and small spatial resolution sensor. Also, preliminary sensor designs and test results are presented. C1 [Badescu, Mircea; Bao, Xiaoqi; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Chang, Zensheu; Lih, Shyh-Shiuh; Sherrit, Stewart; Trease, Brian P.; Chen, Beck; Widholm, Scott] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Badescu, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 67-119,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Mircea.Badescu@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8062-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7647 AR 76471C DI 10.1117/12.847325 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSQ93 UT WOS:000285510800043 ER PT S AU Bao, XQ Bar-Cohen, Y Scott, J Sherrit, S Widholm, S Badescu, M Shrout, T Jones, B AF Bao, Xiaoqi Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Scott, James Sherrit, Stewart Widholm, Scott Badescu, Mircea Shrout, Tom Jones, Beth BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V Lynch, JP TI Ultrasonic/sonic drill for high temperature application SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2010 CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, KAIST DE High Temperature actuators; Piezoelectric Drill; Rock sampling; Venus AB Venus is one of the many significant scientific targets for NASA. New rock sampling tools with the ability to be operated at high temperatures of the order of 460 C are required for surface in-situ sampling/analysis missions. Piezoelectric materials such as LiNbO(3) crystals and Bismuth Titanate are potentially operational at the temperature range found on the surface of Venus. A study of the feasibility of producing piezoelectric drills for a temperature up to 500 degrees C was conducted. The study includes investigation of the high temperature properties of piezoelectric crystals and ceramics with different formulas and doping. Several prototypes of Ultrasonic/Sonic Drill/Corers (USDC) driven by transducers using the high temperate piezoelectric ceramics and single LiNbO(3) crystal were fabricated. The transducers were analyzed by scanning the impedance at room temperature and 500 degrees C under both low and high voltages. The drilling performances were tested at temperature up to 500 degrees C. Preliminary results were previously reported [Bao et al, 2009]. In this paper, the progress is presented and the future works for performance improvements are discussed. C1 [Bao, Xiaoqi; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Scott, James; Sherrit, Stewart; Widholm, Scott; Badescu, Mircea] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bao, XQ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xbao@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8062-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7647 AR 764739 DI 10.1117/12.847456 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSQ93 UT WOS:000285510800096 ER PT S AU Sherrit, S Trebi-Ollennu, A Bonitz, R Bar-Cohen, Y Yen, JT AF Sherrit, Stewart Trebi-Ollennu, Ashitey Bonitz, Robert Bar-Cohen, Yoseph Yen, Jesse T. BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V Lynch, JP TI Compact sensitive piezoelectric mass balance for measurement of unconsolidated materials in space SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2010 CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, KAIST DE Piezoelectric; mass balance; resonance; flextensional actuators ID MODE AB In many in-situ instruments information about the mass of the sample could aid in the interpretation of the data and portioning instruments might require an accurate sizing of the sample mass before dispensing the sample. In addition, on potential sample return missions a method to directly assess the captured sample size would be required to determine if the sampler could return or needs to continue attempting to acquire sample. In an effort to meet these requirements piezoelectric balances were developed using flextensional actuators which are capable of monitoring the mass using two methods. A piezoelectric balance could be used to measure mass directly by monitoring the voltage developed across the piezoelectric which is linear with force, or it could be used in resonance to produce a frequency change proportional to the mass change. In the case of the latter, the piezoelectric actuator/balance would be swept in frequency through its fundamental resonance. If a mass is added to the balance the resonance frequency would shift down proportionally to the mass. By monitoring the frequency shift the mass could be determined. This design would allow for two independent measurements of the mass. In microgravity environments spacecraft thrusters could be used to provide acceleration in order to produce the required force for the first technique or to bring the mass into contact with the balance in the second approach. In addition, the measuring actuators, if driven at higher voltages, could be used to fluidize the powder to aid sample movement. In this paper, we outline some of our design considerations and present the results of a few prototype balances that we have developed. C1 [Sherrit, Stewart; Trebi-Ollennu, Ashitey; Bonitz, Robert; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sherrit, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8062-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7647 AR 76471A DI 10.1117/12.847038 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSQ93 UT WOS:000285510800041 ER PT S AU Cairns, B Mishchenko, M Maring, H Fafaul, B Pszcolka, S AF Cairns, Brian Mishchenko, Michael Maring, Hal Fafaul, Bryan Pszcolka, Steven BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Accurate monitoring of terrestrial aerosols and total solar irradiance: the NASA Glory mission SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Climate; total solar irradiance; aerosols; clouds; radiative forcing ID TIM AB Current uncertainties in the total solar irradiance (TSI) and aerosol radiative forcings of climate are so large that they limit quantitative evaluation of climate models against global temperature change. Reducing these uncertainties is the objective of the NASA Glory mission scheduled for launch in November 2010 as part of the NASA A-Train. Glory is intended to meet the following scientific objectives: Improve the quantification of solar variability by continuing the uninterrupted 32-year satellite measurement record of TSI, facilitate the quantification of the aerosol direct and indirect forcings of climate, and provide better aerosol representations for use by other operational satellite instruments. C1 [Cairns, Brian; Mishchenko, Michael] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Cairns, B (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; OI Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 78260U DI 10.1117/12.865013 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800022 ER PT S AU Esteban-Fernandez, D Rodriguez, E Fu, LL Alsdorf, D Vaze, P AF Esteban-Fernandez, D. Rodriguez, Ernesto Fu, Lee-Lueng Alsdorf, Douglas Vaze, Parag BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI The Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission: Centimetric Spaceborne Radar Interferometry SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE radar; interferometer; ocean; mesoscale; submesoscale AB Over the last two decades, several nadir profiling radar altimeters have provided our first global look at the ocean basin-scale circulation and the ocean mesoscale at wavelengths longer than 100 km. Due to sampling limitations, nadir altimetry is unable to resolve the small wavelength ocean mesoscale and sub-mesoscale that are responsible for the vertical mixing of ocean heat and gases and the dissipation of kinetic energy from large to small scales. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission being considered by NASA has as one of its main goals the measurement of ocean topography with kilometer-scale spatial resolution and centimeter scale accuracy. In this paper, we provide an overview of all error sources that contribute to the SWOT mission for the ocean. This paper is a sequel to an earlier paper describing the SWOT mission, the science and its payload. C1 [Esteban-Fernandez, D.; Rodriguez, Ernesto; Fu, Lee-Lueng; Vaze, Parag] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Esteban-Fernandez, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 782615 DI 10.1117/12.868535 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800031 ER PT S AU McLennan, DD AF McLennan, Douglas D. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Ice, Clouds and Land Elevation (ICESat-2) Mission SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE ICESat-2; NASA; Global Warming; Photon Counting; Environmental Mission AB In recent years, the melting ice shelf and global warming headlines continue to remain prominent in the media circuits. The public and our science community want to know why and what can be done accurately to evaluate the changes and respond accordingly to the threat. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced ICESat-2 as the next environmental mission. The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, Maryland, is responsible for the implementation of the ICESat-2 Mission. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McLennan, DD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 782610 DI 10.1117/12.865200 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800027 ER PT S AU Neeck, SP Kakar, RK Azarbarzin, AA Hou, AY AF Neeck, Steven P. Kakar, Ramesh K. Azarbarzin, Ardeshir A. Hou, Arthur Y. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Implementation SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE AB The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission will provide enhanced space-based precipitation measurements with sufficient coverage, spatial resolution, temporal sampling, retrieval accuracy, and microphysical information to advance the understanding of Earth's water and energy cycle and to improve predictions of its climate, weather, and hydrometeorological processes. Such improvements will in turn improve decision support systems in broad societal applications (e. g. water resource management, agriculture, transportation, etc). GPM is a partnership between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), building upon their highly successful partnership on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The GPM architecture consists of NASA satellites operating in partnership with other earth-observing satellites and instruments to produce global precipitation science data. The current generation of multi-satellite global precipitation products based on microwave/infrared sensors from uncoordinated satellite missions has for its anchor the TRMM precipitation radar and the TRMM Microwave Imager measurements over the tropics and subtropics (+/- 35 degrees latitude), with a mean sampling time of approximately 17 hours. The GPM mission will deploy a spaceborne Core Observatory as a reference standard to unify a space constellation of research and operational microwave sensors aimed at providing uniformly calibrated precipitation measurements globally every 2-4 hours. The Core Observatory measurements will provide, for the first time, quantitative information on precipitation particle size distribution needed for improving the accuracy of precipitation estimates by microwave radiometers and radars. In addition, the GPM will also include a second microwave radiometer and a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) communications subsystem for near real time data relay for a future partner-provided constellation satellite. This second GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) instrument, flown in a low-inclination orbit, combined with the Core Observatory will provide an improvement over TRMM in both global coverage and sampling rate (+/- 65 degrees, 10 hour mean sampling time). GPM is well into its final design and fabrication (Phase C) with planned launches in 2013 and 2014. C1 [Neeck, Steven P.; Kakar, Ramesh K.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Neeck, SP (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RI Hou, Arthur/D-8578-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 78260X DI 10.1117/12.868537 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800025 ER PT S AU Neeck, SP Volz, SM AF Neeck, Steven P. Volz, Stephen M. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI NASA's Earth Science Flight Program Status SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE AB NASA's strategic goal to "advance scientific understanding of the changing Earth system to meet societal needs" continues the agency's legacy of expanding human knowledge of the Earth through space activities, as mandated by the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958. Over the past 50 years, NASA has been the world leader in developing space-based Earth observing systems and capabilities that have fundamentally changed our view of our planet and have defined Earth system science. The U. S. National Research Council report "Earth Observations from Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements" published in 2008 by the National Academy of Sciences articulates those key achievements and the evolution of the space observing capabilities, looking forward to growing potential to address Earth science questions and enable an abundance of practical applications. NASA's Earth science program is an end-to-end one that encompasses the development of observational techniques and the instrument technology needed to implement them. This includes laboratory testing and demonstration from surface, airborne, or space-based platforms; research to increase basic process knowledge; incorporation of results into complex computational models to more fully characterize the present state and future evolution of the Earth system; and development of partnerships with national and international organizations that can use the generated information in environmental forecasting and in policy, business, and management decisions. Currently, NASA's Earth Science Division (ESD) has 14 operating Earth science space missions with 6 in development and 18 under study or in technology risk reduction. Two Tier 2 Decadal Survey climate-focused missions, Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days and Seasons (ASCENDS) and Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT), have been identified in conjunction with the U. S. Global Change Research Program and initiated for launch in the 2019-2020 timeframe. NASA will begin refurbishment of the SAGE III atmospheric chemistry instrument to be hosted by the International Space Station (ISS) as early as 2013 and will initiate a Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow-on mission for launch in 2016. C1 [Neeck, Steven P.; Volz, Stephen M.] NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Neeck, SP (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 78260T DI 10.1117/12.865764 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800021 ER PT S AU Pollock, R Haring, RE Holden, JR Johnson, DL Kapitanoff, A Mohlman, D Phillips, C Randall, D Rechsteiner, D Rivera, J Rodriguez, JI Schwochert, MA Sutin, BM AF Pollock, Randy Haring, Robert E. Holden, James R. Johnson, Dean L. Kapitanoff, Andrea Mohlman, David Phillips, Charles Randall, David Rechsteiner, David Rivera, Jose Rodriguez, Jose I. Schwochert, Mark A. Sutin, Brian M. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI The Orbiting Carbon Observatory Instrument: Performance of the OCO Instrument and Plans for the OCO-2 Instrument SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Imaging Spectrometer; Carbon Dioxide; Radiometric Calibration; Spectral Calibration; Stray Light; Residual Image AB NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) was designed to make measurements of carbon dioxide concentrations from space with the precision and accuracy required to identify sources and sinks on regions scales (similar to 1,000 km). Unfortunately, OCO was lost due to a failure of the launch vehicle. Since then, work has started on OCO-2, planned for launch in early 2013. This paper will document the OCO instrument performance and discuss the changes planned for the OCO-2 instrument. C1 [Pollock, Randy; Holden, James R.; Johnson, Dean L.; Kapitanoff, Andrea; Phillips, Charles; Randall, David; Rivera, Jose; Rodriguez, Jose I.; Schwochert, Mark A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pollock, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM randy.pollock@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 78260W DI 10.1117/12.865243 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800024 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, E Esteban-Fernandez, D AF Rodriguez, Ernesto Esteban-Fernandez, Daniel BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI The Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission (SWOT): The Ka-band Radar Interferometer (KaRIn) for water level measurements at all scales SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE radar; interferometry; oceanography; mesoscale; hydrology; storage change; discharge AB The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will study ocean mesoscale and submesoscale phenomena and provide an inventory of storage change and discharge for fresh water bodies and rivers. In this paper, we examine the combination of measurements that will be used by SWOT to achieve a globally consistent data set. We introduce a new channel in the SWOT measurement that combines data transmitted by the interferometer antennas and received by the radiometer antenna allows the closing of the SWOT nadir coverage gap. This new mode also allows for improved calibration between the nadir altimeter and the interferometer, resulting in consistent range measurements. Consistency in the phase measurements is achieved using a mixture of cross-over calibration combined with optimal estimation of system error drift. C1 [Rodriguez, Ernesto; Esteban-Fernandez, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rodriguez, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 782614 DI 10.1117/12.868525 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800030 ER PT S AU Sandford, SP Young, DF Corliss, JM Wielicki, BA Gazarik, MJ Mlynczak, MG Little, AD Jones, CD Speth, PW Shick, DE Brown, KE Thome, KJ Hair, JH AF Sandford, Stephen. P. Young, David F. Corliss, James M. Wielicki, Bruce A. Gazarik, Michael J. Mlynczak, Martin G. Little, Alan D. Jones, Craig D. Speth, Paul W. Shick, Don E. Brown, Kevin E. Thome, Kurtis J. Hair, Jason H. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI CLARREO: Cornerstone of the climate observing system measuring decadal change through accurate emitted infrared and reflected solar spectra and radio occultation SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Earth observation; climate; SI-traceable; global scale; decadal scale; natural variability; accuracy; uncertainty AB The CLARREO mission addresses the need to provide accurate, broadly acknowledged climate records that can be used to validate long-term climate projections that become the foundation for informed decisions on mitigation and adaptation policies. The CLARREO mission accomplishes this critical objective through rigorous SI traceable decadal change observations that will reduce the key uncertainties in current climate model projections. These same uncertainties also lead to uncertainty in attribution of climate change to anthropogenic forcing. CLARREO will make highly accurate and SI-traceable global, decadal change observations sensitive to the most critical, but least understood climate forcing, responses, and feedbacks. The CLARREO breakthrough is to achieve the required levels of accuracy and traceability to SI standards for a set of observations sensitive to a wide range of key decadal change variables. The required accuracy levels are determined so that climate trend signals can be detected against a background of naturally occurring variability. The accuracy for decadal change traceability to SI standards includes uncertainties associated with instrument calibration, satellite orbit sampling, and analysis methods. Unlike most space missions, the CLARREO requirements are driven not by the instantaneous accuracy of the measurements, but by accuracy in the large time/space scale averages that are necessary to understand global, decadal climate changes. C1 [Sandford, Stephen. P.; Young, David F.; Corliss, James M.; Wielicki, Bruce A.; Gazarik, Michael J.; Mlynczak, Martin G.; Little, Alan D.; Jones, Craig D.; Speth, Paul W.; Shick, Don E.; Brown, Kevin E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Sandford, SP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Stephen.p.sandford@nasa.gov RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 782611 DI 10.1117/12.866353 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800028 ER PT S AU Sen, A Caruso, D Durham, D Falcon, C AF Sen, Amit Caruso, Daniel Durham, David Falcon, Carlos BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Aquarius/SAC-D: An International Remote Sensing Satellite Mission measuring Sea Surface Salinity SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE International Sea surface salinity mission; SSS; global water cycle; microwave remote sensing; projects; climate studies; Aquarius/SAC-D; Observatory; spacecraft and instrument testing; performance; launch preparations; NASA; CONAE; ASI; CNES; CSA; AEB (INPE/LIT); INVAP AB The Aquarius/SAC-D mission is the fourth earth-observation satellite jointly developed by NASA and CONAE. This international remote sensing mission ( with contributions from USA, Argentina, Brazil, Italy, France and Canada) has the primary objective to investigate the links between global water cycle, ocean circulation and climate by measuring Sea Surface Salinity (SSS). The mission is undergoing Observatory level testing and being prepared to be launched from USA. This paper will present the mission, instruments, testing and performance status of the Observatory and show the final preparation towards launch. C1 [Sen, Amit; Durham, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sen, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 78260V DI 10.1117/12.866352 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800023 ER PT S AU Vaze, P Neeck, S Bannoura, W Green, J Wade, A Mignogno, M Zaouche, G Couderc, V Thouvenot, E Parisot, F AF Vaze, Parag Neeck, Steven Bannoura, Walid Green, Joseph Wade, Angelo Mignogno, Mike Zaouche, Gerard Couderc, Veronique Thouvenot, Eric Parisot, Francois BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI THE JASON-3 MISSION: COMPLETING THE TRANSITION OF OCEAN ALTIMETRY FROM RESEARCH TO OPERATIONS SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE radar; oceanography; altimetry AB The Jason-3 mission is planned as a follow-on mission to the Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2, to continue the core satellite altimetry measurements for physical oceanography. In addition, a key long-term vision of the founders of this measurement will come to reality: the transitioning from research to operational applications of this valuable measurement. Jason-3 builds upon the heritage of foundational and transitional missions such as SEASAT (1978), GEOSAT (1985), TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P, 1992), Jason-1 (2001) and OSTM/Jason-2 (2008), which have led to the understanding and development of a wide range of oceanographic applications of satellite altimetry. With the successful development and operation of the TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 missions, the Franco-American cooperation in ocean altimetry has grown with a steady vision of expanding this measurement towards operational applications. As such, the T/P and Jason-1 missions were developed by NASA and CNES, and subsequently NOAA and EUMETSAT have taken on key partnership roles by providing mission operations services for the OSTM/Jason-2 project. For Jason-3, NOAA and EUMETSAT are the lead agencies with CNES and NASA as key partners providing mission development support. With a planned project start in early 2010 and a launch target of mid-2013, Jason-3 is planned as a recurring mission from OSTM/Jason-2 to minimize satellite development risk as well as to ensure the continuity of measurements after OSTM/Jason-2. The Jason-3 satellite is planned to operate at the same 1336 km, 66 deg. inclination reference orbit with essentially the same on-board instrumentation as OSTM/Jason-2. The instrument suite will consist of a dual-frequency Nadir Altimeter, a Microwave Radiometer, and three Precision Orbit Determination instruments (Global Positioning System - GPS, Doppler Orbitography and Radio-positioning Integrated by Satellite -DORIS, and Laser Retroreflector Array - LRA). Fulfilling the goals of moving satellite altimetry onto routine operations will require a close cooperation and coordination of international, multi-agency mission managers, designers, engineers, scientists and operational systems developers. This paper presents the Jason-3 mission formulation and development plans, and highlights the key aspects of making this multidimensional project move towards reality. C1 [Vaze, Parag] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Vaze, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 78260Y DI 10.1117/12.868543 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800026 ER PT S AU Vaze, P Albuys, V Esteban-Fernandez, D Lafon, T Lambin, J Mallet, A Rodriguez, E AF Vaze, Parag Albuys, Vincent Esteban-Fernandez, Daniel Lafon, Thierry Lambin, Juliette Mallet, Alain Rodriguez, Ernesto BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI THE SURFACE WATER AND OCEAN TOPOGRAPHY MISSION: BUILDING A MISSION CONCEPT TO STUDY THE WORLD'S OCEANS AND FRESH WATER SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE radar; interferometer; hydrology; ocean; mesoscale; submesoscale AB The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) is a planned satellite mission to study the world's oceans and terrestrial surface water bodies. The SWOT mission concept has been proposed jointly by the global Hydrology and Oceanography science communities to make the first global survey of the Earth's surface water, observe the fine details of the ocean's surface topography, and measure how water bodies change over time. SWOT was one of 15 missions listed in the 2007 National Research Council's Decadal Survey for Earth science as a mission that NASA should implement in the incoming decade. This mission concept builds upon the heritage of prior missions and technologies such as Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1/2, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and the initial development of the Wide Swatch Ocean Altimeter intended for the Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2. The key measurement capability for SWOT is provided by a Ka-band synthetic aperture radar interferometer (KaRIn). With an orbit altitude of 970 km, the KaRIn instrument provides a high-resolution swath width of 120 km enabling global coverage (similar to 90%) of the world's ocean's and fresh water bodies. The KaRIn measurement is being designed to provide a spatial resolution of 1 km for the oceans (after on-board processing), and 100 m for land water, both at centimetric accuracy. An additional instrument suite similar to the Jason series will complement KaRIn: a Ku-band nadir altimeter, a Microwave Radiometer and Precision Orbit Determination (POD) systems. To enable this challenging measurement performance, the SWOT mission concept is designed to overcome several challenges, such as very high raw data rate (320 Mbps), large on-board data volumes, high power demand, stringent pointing and stability requirements, and ground data processing systems, to produce meaningful science data products to our user community. The SWOT mission concept is being developed as a cooperative effort between NASA and CNES. This paper presents the initial end-to-end mission concept as well as the current plans to develop and implement this challenging mission in the future. C1 [Vaze, Parag; Esteban-Fernandez, Daniel; Rodriguez, Ernesto] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Vaze, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 782613 DI 10.1117/12.868439 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800029 ER PT S AU Xiong, XX Angal, A Madhavan, S Choi, TY Dodd, J Geng, X Wang, ZP Toller, G Barnes, W AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong Angal, Amit Madhavan, Sriharsha Choi, Taeyoung Dodd, Jennifer Geng, Xu Wang, Zhipeng Toller, Gary Barnes, William BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Aqua MODIS 8-year On-orbit Operation and Calibration SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Aqua; MODIS; on-board calibrators; radiometric calibration; spectral; spatial characterization ID PERFORMANCE AB Launched in May 2002, the NASA EOS Aqua MODIS has successfully operated for more than 8 years. Observations from Aqua MODIS and its predecessor, Terra MODIS, have generated an unprecedented amount of data products and made significant contributions to studies of changes in the Earth's system of land, oceans, and atmosphere. MODIS collects data in 36 spectral bands: 20 reflective solar bands (RSB) and 16 thermal emissive bands (TEB). It has a set of on-board calibrators (OBC), providing sensor on-orbit radiometric, spectral, and spatial calibration and characterization. This paper briefly summarizes Aqua MODIS on-orbit operation and calibration activities and illustrates instrument on-orbit performance from launch to present. Discussions are focused on OBC functions and changes in detector radiometric gains, spectral responses, and spatial registrations. With ongoing calibration effort, Aqua MODIS will continue serving the science community with high quality data products. C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012; Choi, Taeyoung/E-4437-2016 OI Choi, Taeyoung/0000-0002-4596-989X NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 78261X DI 10.1117/12.864172 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800054 ER PT B AU Corke, T Matlis, E Schuele, CY Wilkinson, S Owens, L Balakumar, P AF Corke, Thomas Matlis, Eric Schuele, Chan-Yong Wilkinson, Stephen Owens, Lewis Balakumar, P. BE Schlatter, P Henningson, DS TI Control of Stationary Cross-flow Modes Using Patterned Roughness at Mach 3.5 SO SEVENTH IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON LAMINAR-TURBULENT TRANSITION SE IUTAM Bookseries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IUTAM Symposium on Laminar-Turbulent Transition CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Vetenskapsradet, Linne FLOW Ctr, Dantec Dynam, Cambridge Univ Press, Springer HO Royal Inst Technol AB Spanwise-periodic roughness designed to excite selected wave lengths of stationary cross-flow modes was investigated in a 3-D boundary layer at Mach 3 5. The test model was a sharp-tipped 14 degrees right-circular cone. The model and integrated sensor traversing system were placed in the Mach 3 5 Supersonic Low Disturbance Tunnel (SLDT) equipped with a "quiet design" nozzle at NASA Langley RC. The model was oriented at a 4.2 degrees angle of attack to produce a mean cross-flow velocity component in the boundary layer over the cone. Three removable cone tips have been investigated. One has a smooth surface that is used to document the baseline ("natural") conditions. The other two have minute "dimples" that are equally spaced around the circumference, at a streamwise location that is just upstream of the linear stability neutral growth branch for cross flow modes The azimuthal mode numbers of the dimpled tips were selected to either enhance the most amplified wave numbers or to suppress the growth of the most amplified wave numbers. The results indicate that the stationary cross-flow modes were highly receptive to the patterned roughness C1 [Corke, Thomas; Matlis, Eric; Schuele, Chan-Yong] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Wilkinson, Stephen; Owens, Lewis; Balakumar, P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Corke, T (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM ematlis@nd.edu FU NASA NRA/Research Opportunities in Aeronautics Program Cooperative Agreement [NNX08AB22A] FX This work was supported under the NASA NRA/Research Opportunities in Aeronautics Program Cooperative Agreement NNX08AB22A. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3722-0 J9 IUTAM BOOKSER PY 2010 VL 18 BP 123 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3723-7_18 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BON88 UT WOS:000277097200018 ER PT B AU Li, F Choudhari, MM Chang, CL Edwards, JR AF Li, Fei Choudhari, Meelan M. Chang, Chau-Lyan Edwards, Jack R. BE Schlatter, P Henningson, DS TI Computational Analysis for Roughness-Based Transition Control SO SEVENTH IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON LAMINAR-TURBULENT TRANSITION SE IUTAM Bookseries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IUTAM Symposium on Laminar-Turbulent Transition CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Vetenskapsradet, Linne FLOW Ctr, Dantec Dynam, Cambridge Univ Press, Springer HO Royal Inst Technol AB Suitably placed discrete roughness elements are known to delay or hasten the onset of transition, depending on requirements In this paper, 2D eigenvalue analysis is used to study the effects of surface roughness in the context of transition delay over subsonic and supersonic swept wing configurations, as well as boundary-layer tripping on the forebody of a hypersonic air breathing vehicle. C1 [Li, Fei; Choudhari, Meelan M.; Chang, Chau-Lyan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Edwards, Jack R.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27693 USA. RP Li, F (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Choudhari, Meelan/F-6080-2017 OI Choudhari, Meelan/0000-0001-9120-7362 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3722-0 J9 IUTAM BOOKSER PY 2010 VL 18 BP 237 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3723-7_37 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BON88 UT WOS:000277097200037 ER PT B AU Nishino, T Shariff, K AF Nishino, Takafumi Shariff, Karim BE Schlatter, P Henningson, DS TI Direct Numerical Simulation of a Swept-Wing Boundary Layer with an Array of Discrete Roughness Elements SO SEVENTH IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON LAMINAR-TURBULENT TRANSITION SE IUTAM Bookseries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IUTAM Symposium on Laminar-Turbulent Transition CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Vetenskapsradet, Linne FLOW Ctr, Dantec Dynam, Cambridge Univ Press, Springer HO Royal Inst Technol ID CROSS-FLOW VORTICES; TRANSITION; MECHANISMS; STABILITY AB Direct numerical simulations of crossflow-induced boundary layer transition are performed for a 45-degree swept wing with an array of discrete roughness elements placed near the leading edge, at a chord Reynolds number of 2 4 million A large part of the wing upper surface in the chordwise direction (hut with only less than two-percent chord in the spanwise direction) is resolved to simulate the growth and breakdown of crossflow vortices on the wing The procedures. initial results and some difficulties encountered during the study are described C1 [Nishino, Takafumi; Shariff, Karim] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Nishino, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Nishino, Takafumi/A-2685-2012; OI Nishino, Takafumi/0000-0001-6306-7702; Shariff, Karim/0000-0002-7256-2497 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3722-0 J9 IUTAM BOOKSER PY 2010 VL 18 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3723-7_46 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BON88 UT WOS:000277097200046 ER PT J AU VanZwieten, JH VanZwieten, TS Balas, MJ Driscoll, FR AF VanZwieten, J. H., Jr. VanZwieten, T. S. Balas, M. J. Driscoll, F. R. TI Mitigation of vortex-induced disturbances for the rapidly deployable stable platform SO SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE RDSP; spar; vortex-induced disturbances; disturbance rejection; phase locked loop; adaptive control ID PERIODIC DISTURBANCES; INDUCED VIBRATIONS; ADAPTIVE-CONTROL; REJECTION; CANCELLATION; FREQUENCY; NOISE AB The rapidly deployable stable platform (RDSP) is a concept vessel that is being developed for missions, such as at-sea cargo transfer, that will benefit from a stable spar-like platform that can transit under its own power at medium speeds (similar to 5-10 m/s). The stability and transit qualities of the RDSP extend from its two distinct modes of operation. These operating modes are the horizontal transit mode (HTM), where the RDSP is configured like a trimaran and the vertical operating mode (VOM), where the RDSP is configured like a spar buoy. In VOM, the RDSP will use the thrusters that are located on its spar section to manoeuvre at slow speeds, mitigate disturbances and dynamically position itself. When the RDSP is moving through the water in VOM, vortices will oscillate off of its spar section and produce forces that are primarily perpendicular to the direction of oncoming flow. Mitigating these disturbances is the focus of this work and is done using an adaptive control algorithm. This algorithm includes a disturbance rejection component that is capable of compensating for any unknown disturbance and phase information, as well as a phase locked loop (PLL) that improves the disturbance frequency estimate on-line. Using this technique, the vortex-induced motions are reduced to 18% of their open loop values using control inputs that are obtainable for the proposed RDSP thrusting system. C1 [VanZwieten, J. H., Jr.; Driscoll, F. R.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Ocean Engn, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [VanZwieten, T. S.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Balas, M. J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP VanZwieten, JH (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Ocean Engn, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM jvanzwi@fau.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0461] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, code 33, program manager Kelly Cooper for partially funding this work under grant N00014-06-1-0461. They also acknowledge the NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program and the Marshall Space Flight Center for partial support of this research. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-5302 J9 SHIPS OFFSHORE STRUC JI Ships Offshore Struct. PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1080/17445300902943993 PG 12 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA 756XN UT WOS:000290048200003 ER PT J AU Mattsson, K Carpenter, MH AF Mattsson, K. Carpenter, Mark H. TI STABLE AND ACCURATE INTERPOLATION OPERATORS FOR HIGH-ORDER MULTIBLOCK FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE high-order finite difference methods; block interface; numerical stability; interpolation; adaptive grids ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; BY-PARTS OPERATORS; DISCONTINUOUS MEDIA; WAVE-PROPAGATION; SUMMATION; SCHEMES; APPROXIMATIONS; STABILITY; DISSIPATION AB Block-to-block interface interpolation operators are constructed for several common high-order finite difference discretizations. In contrast to conventional interpolation operators, these new interpolation operators maintain the strict stability, accuracy, and conservation properties of the base scheme even when nonconforming grids or dissimilar operators are used in adjoining blocks. The stability properties of the new operators are verified using eigenvalue analysis, and the accuracy properties are verified using numerical simulations of the Euler equations in two spatial dimensions. C1 [Mattsson, K.] Swedish Def Res Agcy, Dept Underwater Res, SE-16490 Stockholm, Sweden. [Carpenter, Mark H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Modeling & Simulat Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Mattsson, K (reprint author), Swedish Def Res Agcy, Dept Underwater Res, SE-16490 Stockholm, Sweden. EM ken.mattsson@foi.se; mark.h.carpenter@nasa.gov NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 BP 2298 EP 2320 DI 10.1137/090750068 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 636VJ UT WOS:000280771100028 ER PT B AU Bareiss, R Radley, M AF Bareiss, Ray Radley, Martin BE Lewandowski, G Wolfman, S Cortina, TJ Walker, EL Musicant, DR TI Coaching Via Cognitive Apprenticeship SO SIGCSE 10: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 41ST ACM TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education CY MAR 10-13, 2010 CL Milwaukee, WI SP ACM SIGCSE DE Software Engineering; Active Learning; Learning by Doing; Story-Centered Curricula; Cognitive Apprenticeship; Information Systems; Graduate Studies; Instructional Technologies; CS Ed Research; Professional Practice; Experience Report AB At Carnegie Mellon's Silicon Valley campus we employ a learn-by-doing educational approach in which nearly all student learning, and thus instruction, is in the context of realistic, team-based projects. Consequently, we have adopted coaching as our predominant teaching model. In this paper we reflect on our experience with the nature of teaching by coaching using a framework derived from Cognitive Apprenticeship, and explain how we employ the techniques it suggests in our teaching. We also discuss a range of instructional tensions that arise in teaching by coaching and present a survey of student attitudes regarding the effectiveness of our approach. C1 [Bareiss, Ray; Radley, Martin] Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bareiss, R (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley, Bldg 23,NASA Ames Res Pk, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ray.bareiss@sv.cmu.edu; martin.radley@sv.cmu.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-885-8 PY 2010 BP 162 EP 166 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BQJ04 UT WOS:000281141300037 ER PT S AU Neudeck, PG Krasowski, MJ Chen, LY Prokop, NF AF Neudeck, Philip G. Krasowski, Michael J. Chen, Liang-Yu Prokop, Norman F. BE Bauer, AJ Friedrichs, P Krieger, M Pensl, G Rupp, R Seyller, T TI Characterization of 6H-SiC JFET Integrated Circuits Over A Broad Temperature Range from-150 degrees C to+500 degrees C SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 11-16, 2009 CL Nurnberg, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, SiCED, Aixtron, GE, ECPE, Cree, Dow Corning, Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Syst & Device Technol, Lehrrieder, French German Res Inst St Louis, SiCrystal, LOT Oriel, Semi Directory DE 6H-SiC; JFET; High Temperature; Low Temperature; Integrated Circuit; Logic Gate ID OPERATION AB The NASA Glenn Research Center has previously reported prolonged stable operation of simple prototype 6H-SiC JFET integrated circuits (logic gates and amplifier stages) for thousands of hours at +500 degrees C. This paper experimentally investigates the ability of these 6H-SiC JFET devices and integrated circuits to also function at cold temperatures expected to arise in some envisioned applications. Prototype logic gate ICs experimentally demonstrated good functionality down to -125 degrees C without changing circuit input voltages. Cascaded operation of gates at cold temperatures was verified by externally wiring gates together to form a 3-stage ring oscillator. While logic gate output voltages exhibited little change across the broad temperature range from -125 degrees C to +500 degrees C, the change in operating frequency and power consumption of these non-optimized logic gates as a function of temperature was much larger and tracked JFET channel conduction properties. C1 [Neudeck, Philip G.; Krasowski, Michael J.; Prokop, Norman F.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Chen, Liang-Yu] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, OAl, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Neudeck, PG (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Neudeck@nasa.gov; Michael.J.Krasowski@nasa.gov; liangyu.Chen-1@nasa.gov FU NASA Aeronautics Research Mission FX This work funded by the NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate in both the Aviation Safety and Fundamental Aeronautics Programs under the Subsonic Fixed Wing, Integrated Vehicle Health Management, and Supersonics Projects. Work was carried out by the NASA Glenn Research Center with the assistance of R. Buttler, A. Hammoud, R. Patterson, D. Spry, R. Okojie, C. Chang. R. Meredith, T. Ferrier, D. Lukco, K. Laster, J. Gonzalez, R. Lotenero, B. Osborn, M. Mrdenovich, D. Androjna, A. Trunek, G. Hunter, and L. Matus. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 645-648 BP 1135 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.645-648.1135 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BPQ78 UT WOS:000279657600271 ER PT B AU Kelly, AC Loverro, A Case, WF Queruel, N Marechal, C Barroso, T AF Kelly, Angelita C. Loverro, Adam Case, Warren F. Queruel, Nadege Marechal, Chistophe Barroso, Therese BE Sandau, R Roser, HP Valenzuela, A TI Small Earth Observing Satellites Flying with Large Satellites in the A-Train SO SMALL SATELLITE MISSIONS FOR EARTH OBSERVATION: NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IAA International Symposium on Small Satellites for Earth Observation CY MAY 04-08, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Acad Astronaut AB This chapter presents Examples of the benefits of flying small satellites with other satellites, large and small. Scientists worldwide are beginning to take advantage of the opportunities for coincidental science offered by the international Earth observing constellation known as the A-Train. The A-Train comprises two large satellites (EOS-Aqua and EOS-Aura) flying with 4 small satellites (Cloud Sat, CALIPSO, PARASOL, and Glory). By flying in a constellation, each mission benefits from coincidental observations from instruments on the other satellites. The A-Train can be envisioned as a single, virtual science platform with mulTiple instruments. This chapter describes the challenges of operating an international constellation of independent satellites from the US and Europe to maximize the coincidental science opportunities while at the same time minimizing the operational interactions required between the teams. Constellation operations must be safe, but the team members must be able to conduct their respective science missions independently. The A-Train mission teams have also demonstrated that flying as members of a constellation does not take away the flexibility to accommodate new requirements. C1 [Kelly, Angelita C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code Earth Sci Miss Operat ESMO Project 428, Miss Validat & Operat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kelly, AC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code Earth Sci Miss Operat ESMO Project 428, Miss Validat & Operat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM angelita.c.kelly@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-03500-5 PY 2010 BP 19 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-03501-2_2 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOJ21 UT WOS:000276821000002 ER PT S AU Wu, MC Winfree, WP Moore, JP AF Wu, Meng-Chou Winfree, William P. Moore, Jason P. BE Peters, KJ Ecke, W Matikas, TE TI Fiber optic thermal health monitoring of composites SO SMART SENSOR PHENOMENA, TECHNOLOGY, NETWORKS, AND SYSTEMS 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Sensor, Phenomena, Technology, Networks, and Systems 2010 CY MAR 08-10, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE fiber Bragg grating; temperature sensor; thermal health monitoring; thermography; composite; delamination ID BRAGG GRATINGS; SENSORS; TEMPERATURE; FABRICATION; STRAIN AB A recently developed technique is presented for thermographic detection of flaws in composite materials by performing temperature measurements with fiber optic Bragg gratings. Individual optical fibers with multiple Bragg gratings employed as surface temperature sensors were bonded to the surfaces of composites with subsurface defects. The investigated structures included a 10-ply composite specimen with subsurface delaminations of various sizes and depths. Both during and following the application of a thermal heat flux to the surface, the individual Bragg grating sensors measured the temporal and spatial temperature variations. The data obtained from grating sensors were analyzed with thermal modeling techniques of conventional thermography to reveal particular characteristics of the interested areas. Results were compared with the calculations using numerical simulation techniques. Methods and limitations for performing in-situ structural health monitoring are discussed. C1 [Wu, Meng-Chou; Winfree, William P.; Moore, Jason P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Wu, MC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Wu-1@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8063-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7648 AR 764808 DI 10.1117/12.847322 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications GA BSQ91 UT WOS:000285507700006 ER PT S AU Rivas-Perea, P Rosiles, JG Murguia, MIC Tilton, JJ AF Rivas-Perea, Pablo Rosiles, Jose G. Chacon Murguia, Mario I. Tilton, James J. BE Melin, P Kacprzyk, J Pedrycz, W TI Automatic Dust Storm Detection Based on Supervised Classification of Multispectral Data SO SOFT COMPUTING FOR RECOGNITION BASED ON BIOMETRICS SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This paper address the detection of dust storms based on a probabilistic analysis of multispectral images. We develop a feature set based on the analysis of spectral bands reported in the literature. These studies have focused on the visual identification of the image channels that reflect, the presence of dust storms through correlation with meteorological reports. Using this feature set we develop a Maximum Likelihood classifier and a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) to automate the dust storm detection process. The data sets are MODIS multispectral bands from NASA Terra satellite. Findings indicate that the PNN provides improved classification performance with reference to the ML classifier. Furthermore, the proposed schemes allow real-time processing of satellite data at 1 km resolutions which is an improvement compared to the 10 km resolution currently provided by other detection methods. C1 [Rivas-Perea, Pablo; Rosiles, Jose G.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Chacon Murguia, Mario I.] Chihuahua Inst Technol, Grad Studies Dept, Chihuahua Chih, Mexico. [Tilton, James J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Computat & Informat Sci & Technol Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rivas-Perea, P (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. OI Rivas Perea, Pablo/0000-0002-8690-0987 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-642-15110-1 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2010 VL 312 BP 443 EP 454 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15111-8_27 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15111-8 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BRI49 UT WOS:000282773300027 ER PT S AU Allen, C Klaus, T Jenkins, J AF Allen, Christopher Klaus, Todd Jenkins, Jon BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI Kepler Mission's Focal Plane Characterization Models Implementation SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler Mission; Focal Plane Characteristics; Calibration; NASA; Ames; Kepler; CCD; transit photometry; infrastructure; software; Java; MATLAB; extrasolar; space telescope AB The Kepler Mission photometer is an unusually complex array of CCDs. A large number of time-varying instrumental and systematic effects must be modeled and removed from the Kepler pixel data to produce light curves of sufficiently high quality for the mission to be successful in its planet-finding objective. After the launch of the spacecraft, many of these effects are difficult to remeasure frequently, and various interpolations over a small number of sample measurements must be used to determine the correct value of a given effect at different points in time. A library of software modules, called Focal Plane Characterization (FC) Models, is the element of the Kepler Science Data Pipeline (hereafter "pipeline") that handles this. FC, or products generated by FC, are used by nearly every element of the SOC processing chain. FC includes Java components: database persistence classes, operations classes, model classes, and data importers; and MATLAB code: model classes, interpolation methods, and wrapper functions. These classes, their interactions, and the database tables they represent, are discussed. This paper describes how these data and the FC software work together to provide the pipeline with the correct values to remove non-photometric effects caused by the photometer and its electronics from the Kepler light curves. The interpolation mathematics is reviewed, as well as the special case of the sky-to-pixel/pixel-to-sky coordinate transformation code, which incorporates a compound model that is unique in the SOC software. C1 [Allen, Christopher; Klaus, Todd] NASA, Orbital Sci Corp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Allen, C (reprint author), NASA, Orbital Sci Corp, Ames Res Ctr, MS 244-30,POB 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Kester.Allen@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 77401E DI 10.1117/12.856325 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500048 ER PT S AU Bryson, ST Jenkins, JM Klaus, TC Cote, MT Quintana, EV Hall, JR Ibrahim, K Chandrasekaran, H Caldwell, DA Van Cleve, JE Haas, MR AF Bryson, Stephen T. Jenkins, Jon M. Klaus, Todd C. Cote, Miles T. Quintana, Elisa V. Hall, Jennifer R. Ibrahim, Khadeejah Chandrasekaran, Hema Caldwell, Douglas A. Van Cleve, Jeffrey E. Haas, Michael R. BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI Selecting Pixels for Kepler Downlink SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler; exoplanet; transit; pixel selection ID PERFORMANCE; SCIENCE AB The Kepler mission monitors similar to 165, 000 stellar targets using 42 2200 x 1024 pixel CCDs. Onboard storage and bandwidth constraints prevent the storage and downlink of all 96 million pixels per 30-minute cadence, so the Kepler spacecraft downlinks a specified collection of pixels for each target. These pixels are selected by considering the object brightness, background and the signal-to-noise in each pixel, and maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio of the target. This paper describes pixel selection, creation of spacecraft apertures that efficiently capture selected pixels, and aperture assignment to a target. Engineering apertures, short-cadence targets and custom-specified shapes are discussed. C1 [Bryson, Stephen T.; Cote, Miles T.; Haas, Michael R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. RP Bryson, ST (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. EM Steve.Bryson@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 77401D DI 10.1117/12.857625 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500047 ER PT S AU Chandrasekaran, H Jenkins, JM Li, J Girouard, FR Twicken, JD Caldwell, DA Allen, C Bryson, ST Klaus, TC Cote, MT Stroozas, BA Hall, JR Ibrahim, K AF Chandrasekaran, Hema Jenkins, Jon M. Li, Jie Girouard, Forrest R. Twicken, Joseph D. Caldwell, Douglas A. Allen, Christopher Bryson, Stephen T. Klaus, Todd C. Cote, Miles T. Stroozas, Brett A. Hall, Jennifer R. Ibrahim, Khadeejah BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI Semi-weekly monitoring of the performance and attitude of Kepler using a sparse set of targets SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler Mission; attitude reconstruction; exoplanet; transit; tracking and trending; performance monitoring ID SCIENCE AB The Kepler spacecraft is in a heliocentric Earth-trailing orbit, continuously observing similar to 160,000 select stars over similar to 115 square degrees of sky using its photometer containing 42 highly sensitive CCDs. The science data from these stars, consisting of similar to 6 million pixels at 29.4-minute intervals, is downlinked only every similar to 30 days. Additional low-rate X-band communications contacts are conducted with the spacecraft twice a week to downlink a small subset of the science data. This paper describes how we assess and monitor the performance of the photometer and the pointing stability of the spacecraft using such a sparse data set. C1 [Chandrasekaran, Hema; Jenkins, Jon M.; Li, Jie; Twicken, Joseph D.; Caldwell, Douglas A.] NASA, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. RP Chandrasekaran, H (reprint author), NASA, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. EM Jon.Jenkins@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 77401B DI 10.1117/12.856741 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500045 ER PT S AU Clarke, BD Allen, C Bryson, ST Caldwell, DA Chandrasekaran, H Cote, MT Girouard, F Jenkins, JM Klaus, TC Li, J Middour, C McCauliff, S Quintana, EV Tenenbaum, P Twicken, JD Wohler, B Wu, HL AF Clarke, Bruce D. Allen, Christopher Bryson, Stephen T. Caldwell, Douglas A. Chandrasekaran, Hema Cote, Miles T. Girouard, Forrest Jenkins, Jon M. Klaus, Todd C. Li, Jie Middour, Chris McCauliff, Sean Quintana, Elisa V. Tenenbaum, Peter Twicken, Joseph D. Wohler, Bill Wu, Hayley BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI A framework for propagation of uncertainties in the Kepler data analysis pipeline SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler; calibration; covariance; compression; framework; propagation of uncertainties; MATLAB AB The Kepler space telescope is designed to detect Earth-like planets around Sun-like stars using transit photometry by simultaneously observing more than 100,000 stellar targets nearly continuously over a three-and-a-half year period. The 96.4-megapixel focal plane consists of 42 Charge-Coupled Devices (CCD), each containing two 1024 x 1100 pixel arrays. Since cross-correlations between calibrated pixels are introduced by common calibrations performed on each CCD, downstream data processing requires access to the calibrated pixel covariance matrix to properly estimate uncertainties. However, the prohibitively large covariance matrices corresponding to the similar to 75,000 calibrated pixels per CCD preclude calculating and storing the covariance in standard lock-step fashion. We present a novel framework used to implement standard Propagation of Uncertainties (POU) in the Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) data processing pipeline. The POU framework captures the variance of the raw pixel data and the kernel of each subsequent calibration transformation, allowing the full covariance matrix of any subset of calibrated pixels to be recalled on the fly at any step in the calibration process. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is used to compress and filter the raw uncertainty data as well as any data-dependent kernels. This combination of POU framework and SVD compression allows the downstream consumer access to the full covariance matrix of any subset of the calibrated pixels which is traceable to the pixel-level measurement uncertainties, all without having to store, retrieve, and operate on prohibitively large covariance matrices. We describe the POU framework and SVD compression scheme and its implementation in the Kepler SOC pipeline. C1 [Clarke, Bruce D.; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Li, Jie; Quintana, Elisa V.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Twicken, Joseph D.; Wu, Hayley] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Clarke, BD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, M-S 244-30, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bruce.d.clarke@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 774020 DI 10.1117/12.857758 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500068 ER PT S AU Jenkins, JM Chandrasekara, H McCauliff, SD Caldwell, DA Tenenbaum, P Li, J Klaus, TC Cote, MT Middour, C AF Jenkins, Jon M. Chandrasekara, Hema McCauliff, Sean D. Caldwell, Douglas A. Tenenbaum, Peter Li, Jie Klaus, Todd C. Cote, Miles T. Middour, Christopher BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI Transiting planet search in the Kepler pipeline SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler Mission; exoplanet; transit; detection algorithm ID SCIENCE AB The Kepler Mission simultaneously measures the brightness of more than 160,000 stars every 29.4 minutes over a 3.5-year mission to search for transiting planets. Detecting transits is a signal-detection problem where the signal of interest is a periodic pulse train and the predominant noise source is non-white, non-stationary (1/f) type process of stellar variability. Many stars also exhibit coherent or quasi-coherent oscillations. The detection algorithm first identifies and removes strong oscillations followed by an adaptive, wavelet-based matched filter. We discuss how we obtain super-resolution detection statistics and the effectiveness of the algorithm for Kepler flight data. C1 [Jenkins, Jon M.; Chandrasekara, Hema; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Li, Jie] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Jenkins, JM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, M-S 244-30, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM Jon.Jenkins@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 77400D DI 10.1117/12.856764 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500011 ER PT S AU Klaus, TC Cote, MT McCauliff, S Girouard, FR Wohler, B Allen, C Chandrasekaran, H Bryson, ST Middour, C Caldwell, DA Jenkins, JM AF Klaus, Todd C. Cote, Miles T. McCauliff, Sean Girouard, Forrest R. Wohler, Bill Allen, Christopher Chandrasekaran, Hema Bryson, Stephen T. Middour, Christopher Caldwell, Douglas A. Jenkins, Jon M. BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI The Kepler Science Operations Center pipeline framework extensions SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler; pipelines; distributed processing; cluster computing; photometry; framework AB The Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) is responsible for several aspects of the Kepler Mission, including managing targets, generating onboard data compression tables, monitoring photometer health and status, processing science data, and exporting Kepler Science Processing Pipeline products to the Multi-mission Archive at Space Telescope [Science Institute] (MAST). We describe how the pipeline framework software developed for the Kepler Mission is used to achieve these goals, including development of pipeline configurations for processing science data and performing other support roles, and development of custom unit-of-work generators for controlling how Kepler data are partitioned and distributed across the computing cluster. We describe the interface between the Java software that manages data retrieval and storage for a given unit of work and the MATLAB algorithms that process the data. The data for each unit of work are packaged into a single file that contains everything needed by the science algorithms, allowing the files to be used to debug and evolve the algorithms offline. C1 [Klaus, Todd C.; McCauliff, Sean; Girouard, Forrest R.; Wohler, Bill; Allen, Christopher; Middour, Christopher] NASA, Orbital Sci Corp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Klaus, TC (reprint author), NASA, Orbital Sci Corp, Ames Res Ctr, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Todd.C.Klaus@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 774018 DI 10.1117/12.856639 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500042 ER PT S AU Klaus, TC McCauliff, S Cote, MT Girouard, FR Wohler, B Allen, C Middour, C Caldwell, DA Jenkins, JM AF Klaus, Todd C. McCauliff, Sean Cote, Miles T. Girouard, Forrest R. Wohler, Bill Allen, Christopher Middour, Christopher Caldwell, Douglas A. Jenkins, Jon M. BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI Kepler Science Operations Center pipeline framework SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler; pipelines; distributed processing; cluster computing; photometry; framework AB The Kepler Mission is designed to continuously monitor up to 170,000 stars at a 30-minute cadence for 3.5 years searching for Earth-size planets. The data are processed at the Science Operations Center at NASA Ames Research Center. Because of the large volume of data and the memory needed, as well as the CPU-intensive nature of the analyses, significant computing hardware is required. We have developed generic pipeline framework software that is used to distribute and synchronize processing across a cluster of CPUs and provide data accountability for the resulting products. The framework is written in Java and is, therefore, platform-independent. The framework scales from a single, standalone workstation (for development and research on small data sets) to a full cluster of homogeneous or heterogeneous hardware with minimal configuration changes. A plug-in architecture provides customized, dynamic control of the unit of work without the need to modify the framework. Distributed transaction services provide for atomic storage of pipeline products for a unit of work across a relational database and the custom Kepler DB. Generic parameter management and data accountability services record parameter values, software versions, and other metadata used for each pipeline execution. A graphical user interface allows for configuration, execution, and monitoring of pipelines. The framework was developed for the Kepler Mission based on Kepler requirements, but the framework itself is generic and could be used for a variety of applications where these features are needed. C1 [Klaus, Todd C.; McCauliff, Sean; Girouard, Forrest R.; Wohler, Bill; Allen, Christopher; Middour, Christopher] NASA, Orbital Sci Corp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Klaus, TC (reprint author), NASA, Orbital Sci Corp, Ames Res Ctr, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Todd.C.Klaus@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 774017 DI 10.1117/12.856634 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500041 ER PT S AU Li, J Allen, C Bryson, ST Caldwell, DA Chandrasekaran, H Clarke, BD Gunter, JP Jenkins, JM Klaus, TC Quintana, EV Tenenbaum, P Twicken, JD Wohler, B Wu, HL AF Li, Jie Allen, Christopher Bryson, Stephen T. Caldwell, Douglas A. Chandrasekaran, Hema Clarke, Bruce D. Gunter, Jay P. Jenkins, Jon M. Klaus, Todd C. Quintana, Elisa V. Tenenbaum, Peter Twicken, Joseph D. Wohler, Bill Wu, Hayley BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI Photometer performance assessment in Kepler science data processing SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler; photometer performance assessment; instrument metric; attitude determination AB This paper describes the algorithms of the Photometer Performance Assessment (PPA) software component in the Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) Science Processing Pipeline. The PPA performs two tasks: One is to analyze the health and performance of the Kepler photometer based on the long cadence science data down-linked via Ka band approximately every 30 days. The second is to determine the attitude of the Kepler spacecraft with high precision at each long cadence. The PPA component has demonstrated the capability to work effectively with the Kepler flight data. C1 [Li, Jie; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Chandrasekaran, Hema; Clarke, Bruce D.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Quintana, Elisa V.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Twicken, Joseph D.; Wu, Hayley] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Mail Stop 244-30,POB 1, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. EM jie.li-1@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 77401T DI 10.1117/12.856788 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500062 ER PT S AU McCauliff, S Cote, MT Girouard, FR Middour, C Klaus, TC Wohler, B AF McCauliff, Sean Cote, Miles T. Girouard, Forrest R. Middour, Christopher Klaus, Todd C. Wohler, Bill BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI The Kepler DB, a database management system for arrays, sparse arrays, and binary data SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler Mission; database; non-relational; time series; Java; photometry; transactional AB The Kepler Science Operations Center stores pixel values on approximately six million pixels collected every 30 minutes, as well as data products that are generated as a result of running the Kepler science processing pipeline. The Kepler Database management system (Kepler DB) was created to act as the repository of this information. After one year of flight usage, Kepler DB is managing 3 TiB of data and is expected to grow to over 10 TiB over the course of the mission. Kepler DB is a non-relational, transactional database where data are represented as one-dimensional arrays, sparse arrays or binary large objects. We will discuss Kepler DB's APIs, implementation, usage and deployment at the Kepler Science Operations Center. C1 [McCauliff, Sean; Cote, Miles T.; Girouard, Forrest R.; Middour, Christopher; Klaus, Todd C.; Wohler, Bill] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP McCauliff, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM sean.d.mccauliff@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 77400M DI 10.1117/12.856792 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500020 ER PT S AU Middour, C Klaus, TC Jenkins, J Pletcher, D Cote, M Chandrasekaran, H Wohler, B Girouard, F Gunter, JP Uddin, K Allen, C Hall, J Ibrahim, K Clarke, B Li, J McCauliff, S Quintana, E Sommers, J Stroozas, B Tenenbaum, P Twicken, J Wu, HL Caldwell, D Bryson, S Bhavsar, P Wu, MC Stamper, B Trombly, T Page, C Santiago, E AF Middour, Christopher Klaus, Todd C. Jenkins, Jon Pletcher, David Cote, Miles Chandrasekaran, Hema Wohler, Bill Girouard, Forrest Gunter, Jay P. Uddin, Kamal Allen, Christopher Hall, Jennifer Ibrahim, Khadeejah Clarke, Bruce Li, Jie McCauliff, Sean Quintana, Elisa Sommers, Jeneen Stroozas, Brett Tenenbaum, Peter Twicken, Joseph Wu, Hayley Caldwell, Doug Bryson, Stephen Bhavsar, Paresh Wu, Michael Stamper, Brian Trombly, Terry Page, Christopher Santiago, Elaine BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI Kepler Science Operations Center Architecture SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE NASA; Kepler; transit photometry; architecture; Java; MATLAB; extrasolar; space telescope AB We give an overview of the operational concepts and architecture of the Kepler Science Processing Pipeline. Designed, developed, operated, and maintained by the Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) at NASA Ames Research Center, the Science Processing Pipeline is a central element of the Kepler Ground Data System. The SOC consists of an office at Ames Research Center, software development and operations departments, and a data center which hosts the computers required to perform data analysis. The SOC's charter is to analyze stellar photometric data from the Kepler spacecraft and report results to the Kepler Science Office for further analysis. We describe how this is accomplished via the Kepler Science Processing Pipeline, including the hardware infrastructure, scientific algorithms, and operational procedures. We present the high-performance, parallel computing software modules of the pipeline that perform transit photometry, pixel-level calibration, systematic error correction, attitude determination, stellar target management, and instrument characterization. We show how data processing environments are divided to support operational processing and test needs. We explain the operational timelines for data processing and the data constructs that flow into the Kepler Science Processing Pipeline. C1 [Middour, Christopher; Klaus, Todd C.; Wohler, Bill; Girouard, Forrest; Gunter, Jay P.; Uddin, Kamal; Allen, Christopher; Hall, Jennifer; Ibrahim, Khadeejah; McCauliff, Sean; Sommers, Jeneen; Stroozas, Brett] NASA, Orbital Sci Corp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Middour, C (reprint author), NASA, Orbital Sci Corp, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM chris.middour@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 77401A DI 10.1117/12.856529 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500044 ER PT S AU Niessner, AF AF Niessner, Albert F. BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI A high-availability, distributed hardware control system using Java SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE high-availability; distributed computing; hardware control; Java AB Two independent coronagraph experiments that require 24/7 availability with different optical layouts and different motion control requirements are commanded and controlled with the same Java software system executing on many geographically scattered computer systems interconnected via TCP/IP. High availability of a distributed system requires that the computers have a robust communication messaging system making the mix of TCP/IP (a robust transport), and XML (a robust message) a natural choice. XML also adds the configuration flexibility. Java then adds object-oriented paradigms, exception handling, heavily tested libraries, and many third party tools for implementation robustness. The result is a software system that provides users 24/7 access to two diverse experiments with XML files defining the differences. (C) 2010 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Niessner, AF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 77403C DI 10.1117/12.856451 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500111 ER PT S AU Tenenbaum, P Jenkins, JM AF Tenenbaum, Peter Jenkins, Jon M. BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI Focal plane geometry characterization of the Kepler Mission SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler Mission; ccd; alignment; focal plane geometry ID SCIENCE AB The Kepler Mission focal plane contains 42 charge-coupled device (CCD) photodetectors. Each CCD is composed of 2.2 million square pixels, 27 micrometers on a side, arranged in a grid of 2,200 columns by 1,044 rows. The science goals of the Kepler Mission require that the position of each CCD be determined with an accuracy of 0.1 pixels, corresponding to 2.7 micrometers or 0.4 seconds of arc, a level which is not achievable through pre-flight metrology. We describe a technique for determining the CCD positioning using images of the Kepler field of view (FOV) obtained in flight. The technique uses the fitted centroid row and column positions of 400 pre-selected stars on each CCD to obtain empirical polynomials which relate sky coordinates (right ascension and declination) to chip coordinates (row and column). The polynomials are in turn evaluated to produce constraints for a nonlinear model fit which directly determines the model parameters describing the location and orientation of each CCD. The focal plane geometry characterization algorithm is itself embedded in an iterative process which determines the focal plane geometry and the Pixel Response Function for each CCD in a self-consistent manner. In addition to the fully automated calculation, a person-in-the-loop implementation was developed to allow an initial determination of the geometry in the event of large misalignments, achieving a much looser capture tolerance for more modest accuracy and reduced automation. C1 [Tenenbaum, Peter; Jenkins, Jon M.] NASA, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Tenenbaum, P (reprint author), NASA, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 244-30,POB 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM peter.tenenbaum@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 77401C DI 10.1117/12.856702 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500046 ER PT S AU Tenenbaum, P Bryson, ST Chandrasekaran, H Li, J Quintana, E Twicken, JD Jenkins, JM AF Tenenbaum, Peter Bryson, Stephen T. Chandrasekaran, Hema Li, Jie Quintana, Elisa Twicken, Joseph D. Jenkins, Jon M. BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI An algorithm for the fitting of planet models to Kepler light curves SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler mission; exoplanet; transit; model fit; transit photometry AB We describe an algorithm which fits model planetary system parameters to light curves from Kepler Mission target stars. The algorithm begins by producing an initial model of the system which is used to seed the fit, with particular emphasis on obtaining good transit timing parameters. An attempt is then made to determine whether the observed transits are more likely due to a planet or an eclipsing binary. In the event that the transits are consistent with a transiting planet, an iterative fitting process is initiated: a wavelet-based whitening filter is used to eliminate stellar variations on timescales long compared to a transit; a robust nonlinear fitter operating on the whitened light curve produces a new model of the system; and the procedure iterates until convergence upon a self-consistent whitening filter and planet model. The fitted transits are removed from the light curve and a search for additional planet candidates is performed upon the residual light curve. The fitted models are used in additional tests which identify false positive planet detections: multiple planet candidates with near-identical fitted periods are far more likely to be an eclipsing binary, for example, while target stars in which the model light curve is correlated with the star centroid position may indicate a background eclipsing binary, and subtraction of all model planet candidates yields a light curve of pure noise and stellar variability, which can be used to study the probability that the planet candidates result from statistical fluctuations in the data. C1 [Tenenbaum, Peter; Bryson, Stephen T.; Chandrasekaran, Hema; Li, Jie; Quintana, Elisa; Twicken, Joseph D.; Jenkins, Jon M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Tenenbaum, P (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, M-S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM peter.tenenbaum@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 77400J DI 10.1117/12.856705 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500017 ER PT S AU Twicken, JD Clarke, BD Bryson, ST Tenenbaum, P Wu, HL Jenkins, JM Girouard, F Klaus, TC AF Twicken, Joseph D. Clarke, Bruce D. Bryson, Stephen T. Tenenbaum, Peter Wu, Hayley Jenkins, Jon M. Girouard, Forrest Klaus, Todd C. BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI Photometric analysis in the Kepler Science Operations Center pipeline SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler; transit photometry; light curve; raw flux; photocenter; centroid ID INITIAL CHARACTERISTICS; CADENCE DATA AB We describe the Photometric Analysis (PA) software component and its context in the Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) Science Processing Pipeline. The primary tasks of this module are to compute the photometric flux and photocenters (centroids) for over 160,000 long cadence(similar to thirty minute) and 512 short cadence (similar to one minute) stellar targets from the calibrated pixels in their respective apertures. We discuss science algorithms for long and short cadence PA: cosmic ray cleaning; background estimation and removal; aperture photometry; and flux-weighted centroiding. We discuss the end-to-end propagation of uncertainties for the science algorithms. Finally, we present examples of photometric apertures, raw flux light curves, and centroid time series from Kepler flight data. PA light curves, centroid time series, and barycentric timestamp corrections are exported to the Multi-mission Archive at Space Telescope [Science Institute] (MAST) and are made available to the general public in accordance with the NASA/Kepler data release policy. C1 [Twicken, Joseph D.; Clarke, Bruce D.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Wu, Hayley; Jenkins, Jon M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Twicken, JD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM joseph.twicken@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 774023 DI 10.1117/12.856790 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500070 ER PT S AU Twicken, JD Chandrasekaran, H Jenkins, JM Gunter, JP Girouard, F Klaus, TC AF Twicken, Joseph D. Chandrasekaran, Hema Jenkins, Jon M. Gunter, Jay P. Girouard, Forrest Klaus, Todd C. BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI Presearch data conditioning in the Kepler Science Operations Center pipeline SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler; transit photometry; light curve; systematic error correction ID INITIAL CHARACTERISTICS; CADENCE DATA AB We describe the Presearch Data Conditioning (PDC) software component and its context in the Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) Science Processing Pipeline. The primary tasks of this component are to correct systematic and other errors, remove excess flux due to aperture crowding, and condition the raw flux light curves for over 160,000 long cadence(similar to thirty minute) and 512 short cadence (similar to one minute) stellar targets. Long cadence corrected flux light curves are subjected to a transiting planet search in a subsequent pipeline module. We discuss science algorithms for long and short cadence PDC: identification and correction of unexplained (i.e., unrelated to known anomalies) discontinuities; systematic error correction; and removal of excess flux due to aperture crowding. We discuss the propagation of uncertainties from raw to corrected flux. Finally, we present examples from Kepler flight data to illustrate PDC performance. Corrected flux light curves produced by PDC are exported to the Multi-mission Archive at Space Telescope [Science Institute] (MAST) and are made available to the general public in accordance with the NASA/Kepler data release policy. C1 [Twicken, Joseph D.; Chandrasekaran, Hema; Jenkins, Jon M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Twicken, JD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM joseph.twicken@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 77401U DI 10.1117/12.856798 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500063 ER PT S AU Wu, HL Twicken, JD Tenenbaum, P Clarke, BD Li, J Quintana, EV Allen, C Chandrasekaran, H Jenkins, JM Caldwell, DA Wohler, B Girouard, F McCauliff, S Cote, MT Klaus, TC AF Wu, Hayley Twicken, Joseph D. Tenenbaum, Peter Clarke, Bruce D. Li, Jie Quintana, Elisa V. Allen, Christopher Chandrasekaran, Hema Jenkins, Jon M. Caldwell, Douglas A. Wohler, Bill Girouard, Forrest McCauliff, Sean Cote, Miles T. Klaus, Todd C. BE Radziwill, NM Bridger, A TI Data validation in the Kepler Science Operations Center pipeline SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE photometry; data validation; Kepler; Earth-size planets AB We present an overview of the Data Validation (DV) software component and its context within the Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) pipeline and overall Kepler Science mission. The SOC pipeline performs a transiting planet search on the corrected light curves for over 150,000 targets across the focal plane array. We discuss the DV strategy for automated validation of Threshold Crossing Events (TCEs) generated in the transiting planet search. For each TCE, a transiting planet model is fitted to the target light curve. A multiple planet search is conducted by repeating the transiting planet search on the residual light curve after the model flux has been removed; if an additional detection occurs, a planet model is fitted to the new TCE. A suite of automated tests are performed after all planet candidates have been identified. We describe a centroid motion test to determine the significance of the motion of the target photocenter during transit and to estimate the coordinates of the transit source within the photometric aperture; a series of eclipsing binary discrimination tests on the parameters of the planet model fits to all transits and the sequences of odd and even transits; and a statistical bootstrap to assess the likelihood that the TCE would have been generated purely by chance given the target light curve with all transits removed. C1 [Wu, Hayley; Twicken, Joseph D.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Clarke, Bruce D.; Li, Jie; Quintana, Elisa V.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Caldwell, Douglas A.] NASA, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wu, HL (reprint author), NASA, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, MS 244-30,POB 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM hayley.wu@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-230-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7740 AR 774019 DI 10.1117/12.856630 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BSU84 UT WOS:000285839500043 ER PT S AU Ganesan, D Lindvall, M McComas, D Bartholomew, M Slegel, S Medina, B AF Ganesan, Dharmalingam Lindvall, Mikael McComas, David Bartholomew, Maureen Slegel, Steve Medina, Barbara BE Bosch, J Lee, JJ TI Architecture-Based Unit Testing of the Flight Software Product Line SO SOFTWARE PRODUCT LINES: GOING BEYOND SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Software Product Lines Conference CY SEP 13-17, 2010 CL Jeju Island, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Inst Informat Sci & Engn, CoSDEC, Hitachi Ltd, Carnegie Mellon, Software Engn Inst, BigLever Software Inc, IBM, Fraunhofer Inst Appl Informat Technol DE unit testing; implemented architecture; mock; function hook; coverage; flight software AB This paper presents an analysis of the unit testing approach developed and used by the Core Flight Software (CFS) product line team at the NASA GSFC. The goal of the analysis is to understand, review, and recommend strategies for improving the existing unit testing infrastructure as well as to capture lessons learned and best practices that can be used by other product line teams for their unit testing. The CFS unit testing framework is designed and implemented as a set of variation points, and thus testing support is built into the product line architecture. The analysis found that the CFS unit testing approach has many practical and good solutions that are worth considering when deciding how to design the testing architecture for a product line, which are documented in this paper along with some suggested improvements. C1 [Ganesan, Dharmalingam; Lindvall, Mikael] Fraunhofer Ctr Expt Software Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [McComas, David; Bartholomew, Maureen; Slegel, Steve; Medina, Barbara] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ganesan, D (reprint author), Fraunhofer Ctr Expt Software Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM dganesan@fc-md.umd.edu; mlindvall@fc-md.umd.edu; david.c.mccomas@nasa.gov; o.bartholomew@nasa.gov; steve.slegel@nasa.gov; barbara.b.medina@nasa.gov FU NASA IVV; NASA GSFC; GSFC CFS; RPA; Stanford University FX Lisa Montgomery and her NASA IV&V team and Sally Godfrey NASA GSFC for supporting this work; Charles Wildermann, all members of the GSFC CFS team for comments and discussions; Rene Krikhaar for the RPA toolkit; The Prefuse visualization team, at Stanford University, for making it available to us; Lyly Yonkwa for fruitful discussions; three anonymous reviewers for comments. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15578-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6287 BP 256 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BTD71 UT WOS:000286579500018 ER PT B AU Williams, PE Pesnell, WD AF Williams, Peter E. Pesnell, W. Dean BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI Photospheric Manifestations of Supergranules during the Last Two Solar Minima SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Ne Harbor, MA ID SPHERICAL HARMONIC-ANALYSIS; FLOWS; ROTATION AB Solar supergranulation plays an important role in generating and structuring the solar magnetic field and as a mechanism responsible for the 11-year solar cycle. It is clearly detected within SOHO/MDI Dopplergrams, from which a variety of properties may be derived. Techniques that; extract spatial, temporal, and kinematic characteristics and provide comparisons for the two most recent solar minima are described. Although supergranule lifetimes are comparable between these minima, their sizes may be slightly smaller during the recent minimum. C1 [Williams, Peter E.; Pesnell, W. Dean] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Williams, PE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Pesnell, William/D-1062-2012 OI Pesnell, William/0000-0002-8306-2500 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 127 EP 131 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900019 ER PT B AU Gibson, SE Webb, DF Thompson, BJ AF Gibson, S. E. Webb, D. F. Thompson, B. J. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI The Whole Heliosphere Interval in the Context of the Current Solar Minimum SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL NE Harbor, ME ID SUN MONTH CAMPAIGN; CORONAL HOLE; INTERPLANETARY SCINTILLATION; LATITUDINAL DEPENDENCE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; OUTFLOW VELOCITIES; ELECTRON-DENSITY; WIND; RECONSTRUCTION; SPECTROMETER AB The current solar minimum may not be "peculiar" when considered on scales of a century or more. However, the opportunity for discovery yielded by its extended nature, in combination with the abundance of modern observations, cannot be overstated. In this paper, we describe the Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI), an in-depth study of the Sun-Earth system for a solar rotation in March/April 2008. We discuss how WHI fits within the broader context of the current deep, long, and complex solar minimum. C1 [Gibson, S. E.] NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA. [Webb, D. F.] Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA USA. [Thompson, B. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gibson, SE (reprint author), NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 223 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900034 ER PT B AU Hathaway, DH AF Hathaway, David H. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI Does the Current Minimum Validate (or Invalidate) Cycle Prediction Methods? SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL NE Harbor, ME ID SOLAR-CYCLE; FORECAST AB This deep, extended solar minimum and the slow start to Cycle 24 strongly suggest that Cycle 24 will be a small cycle. A wide array of solar cycle prediction techniques have been applied to predicting the amplitude of Cycle 24 with widely different results. Current conditions and new observations indicate that some highly regarded techniques now appear to have doubtful utility. Geomagnetic precursors have been reliable in the past and can be tested with 12 cycles of data. Of the three primary geomagnetic precursors only one (the minimum level of geomagnetic activity) suggests a. small cycle. The Sun's polar field strength has also been used to successfully predict the last three cycles. The current weak polar fields are indicative of a. small cycle. For the first time, dynamo models have been used to predict the size of a solar cycle but with opposite predictions depending on the model and the data assimilation. However, new measurements of the surface meridional flow indicate that the flow was substantially faster on the approach to Cycle 24 minimum than at Cycle 23 minimum. In both dynamo predictions a. faster meridional flow should have given a shorter cycle 23 with stronger polar fields. This suggests that these dynamo models are not yet ready for solar cycle prediction. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hathaway, DH (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 307 EP 314 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900045 ER PT B AU Ofman, L Kramar, M AF Ofman, Leon Kramar, Maxim BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI Modeling the Slow Solar Wind during the Solar Minimum SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Ne Harbor, MA ID ULTRAVIOLET CORONAGRAPH SPECTROMETER; STREAMERS AB During the solar minimum, STEREO observations show that the three-dimensional structure of the solar corona can be described well by a tilted bipolar magnetic configuration. The slow solar wind is modeled using a three-fluid model that includes heavy ions such as He II and O VI. The model is initialized with a dipole magnetic field and spherically symmetric density. The resulting steady state, non-potential, and non-uniform streamer configuration calculated with this model is compared to STEREO observations of the streamer density structure. SOHO/UVCS observations are used to compare the O VI emission to model results. We discuss the unique properties of the solar wind produced in this configuration. C1 [Ofman, Leon; Kramar, Maxim] Catholic Univ Amer, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ofman, L (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, NASA GSFC, Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 321 EP 324 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900047 ER PT S AU Gopalswamy, N AF Gopalswamy, Nat BE Kosoviechev, AG Andrei, AH Rozelot, JP TI The CME link to geomagnetic storms SO SOLAR AND STELLAR VARIABILITY: IMPACT ON EARTH AND PLANETS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 264th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 03-07, 2009 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Int Astron Union, Observ Nacl, IAU Div II, III & IV DE Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); solar wind; magnetic fields; interplanetary medium ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; SOLAR-WIND; FLUX; FIELD; SOLAR-CYCLE-23; ORIGIN AB The coronal mass ejection (CME) link to geomagnetic storms stems from the southward component of the interplanetary magnetic field contained in the CME flux ropes and in the sheath between the flux rope and the CME-driven shock. A typical storm-causing CME is characterized by (i) high speed, (ii) large angular width (mostly halos and partial halos), and (iii) solar source location close to the central meridian. For CMEs originating at larger central meridian distances, the storms are mainly caused by the sheath field. Both the magnetic and energy contents of the storm-producing CMEs can be traced to the magnetic structure of active regions and the free energy stored in them. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM nat.gopalswamy@nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-76492-6 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 5 IS 264 BP 326 EP 335 DI 10.1017/S1743921309992870 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQB12 UT WOS:000280547700057 ER PT S AU McKay, DS Riofrio, L Cooper, BL AF McKay, David S. Riofrio, Louise Cooper, Bonnie L. BE Kosoviechev, AG Andrei, AH Rozelot, JP TI Does the lunar regolith contain secrets of the Solar System? Using the Moon as a cosmic witness plate SO SOLAR AND STELLAR VARIABILITY: IMPACT ON EARTH AND PLANETS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 264th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 03-07, 2009 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Int Astron Union, Observ Nacl, IAU Div II, III & IV DE Moon; meteors; meteoroids; solar system: formation AB The lunar regolith (soil) has recorded a history of the early Moon, the Earth, and the entire solar system. A major goal of the developing lunar exploration program should be to find and play back existing fragments of that tape. By playing back the lunar tape, we can uncover a record of planetary bombardment, as well as solar and stellar variability. The Moon can tell us much about our place in the solar system and in the Universe. The lunar regolith has likely recorded the original meteoritic bombardment; of Earth and Moon, a. violent cataclysm that may have peaked around 4 GY, and the less intense bombardment occurring since that time. Decrease in bombardment allowed life to develop on Earth. This impact history is preserved as megaregolith layers, ejecta layers, impact melt rocks, and ancient impact breccias. The impact history for the Earth and Moon possibly had profound effects on the origin and development of life. Life may have arrived via meteorite transport from a more quiet body, such as Mars. The solar system may have experienced bursts of severe radiation from the Sun, other stars or from unknown sources. The lunar regolith has also recorded a radiation history in the form of implanted and trapped solar wind and solar flare materials and radiation damage. The Moon can be considered as a giant tape recorder containing the history of the solar system. Lunar soil generated by small impacts will be found sandwiched between layers of basalt or pyroclastic deposits. This filling constitutes a buried time capsule that is likely to contain well-preserved ancient regolith. Study of such samples will show us how the solar system has evolved and changed over time. The lunar recording can provide detailed snapshots of specific portions of solar and stellar variability. C1 [McKay, David S.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP McKay, DS (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM L.M.Riofrio@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-76492-6 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 5 IS 264 BP 475 EP 477 DI 10.1017/S1743921309993140 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQB12 UT WOS:000280547700084 ER PT J AU Pulkkinen, A Oates, T Taktakishvili, A AF Pulkkinen, A. Oates, T. Taktakishvili, A. TI Automatic Determination of the Conic Coronal Mass Ejection Model Parameters SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejection; Cone model; Machine vision; Inversion techniques ID RECOGNITION AB Characterization of the three-dimensional structure of solar transients using incomplete plane of sky data is a difficult problem whose solutions have potential for societal benefit in terms of space weather applications. In this paper transients are characterized in three dimensions by means of conic coronal mass ejection (CME) approximation. A novel method for the automatic determination of cone model parameters from observed halo CMEs is introduced. The method uses both standard image processing techniques to extract the CME mass from white-light coronagraph images and a novel inversion routine providing the final cone parameters. A bootstrap technique is used to provide model parameter distributions. When combined with heliospheric modeling, the cone model parameter distributions will provide direct means for ensemble predictions of transient propagation in the heliosphere. An initial validation of the automatic method is carried by comparison to manually determined cone model parameters. It is shown using 14 halo CME events that there is reasonable agreement, especially between the heliocentric locations of the cones derived with the two methods. It is argued that both the heliocentric locations and the opening half-angles of the automatically determined cones may be more realistic than those obtained from the manual analysis. C1 [Pulkkinen, A.; Taktakishvili, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pulkkinen, A.; Taktakishvili, A.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Oates, T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Pulkkinen, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM antti.a.pulkkinen@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 261 IS 1 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9473-z PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534QQ UT WOS:000272912600008 ER PT J AU Chandra, R Pariat, E Schmieder, B Mandrini, CH Uddin, W AF Chandra, R. Pariat, E. Schmieder, B. Mandrini, C. H. Uddin, W. TI How Can a Negative Magnetic Helicity Active Region Generate a Positive Helicity Magnetic Cloud? SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Active regions; magnetic fields; Coronal mass ejections; interplanetary; Flares; dynamics, relation to magnetic field; Helicity; magnetic ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INDUCTION EQUATION; SOLAR-FLARES; FLUX-DENSITY; FILAMENTS; PROMINENCE; RECONNECTION; FIELDS; MODEL; ORIENTATION AB The geoeffective magnetic cloud (MC) of 20 November 2003 was associated with the 18 November 2003 solar active events in previous studies. In some of these, it was estimated that the magnetic helicity carried by the MC had a positive sign, as did its solar source, active region (AR) NOAA 10501. In this article we show that the large-scale magnetic field of AR 10501 has a negative helicity sign. Since coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are one of the means by which the Sun ejects magnetic helicity excess into interplanetary space, the signs of magnetic helicity in the AR and MC must agree. Therefore, this finding contradicts what is expected from magnetic helicity conservation. However, using, for the first time, correct helicity density maps to determine the spatial distribution of magnetic helicity injections, we show the existence of a localized flux of positive helicity in the southern part of AR 10501. We conclude that positive helicity was ejected from this portion of the AR leading to the observed positive helicity MC. C1 [Chandra, R.; Schmieder, B.] Observ Paris, CNRS, LESIA, UMR8109, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Pariat, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pariat, E.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Mandrini, C. H.] UBA, CONICET, IAFE, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Uddin, W.] Aryabhatta Res Inst Observat Sci ARIES, Naini Tal 263129, India. RP Chandra, R (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, LESIA, UMR8109, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM chandra.ramesh@obspm.fr; epariat@helio.gsfc.nasa.gov; brigitte.schmieder@obspm.fr; mandrini@iafe.uba.ar; wahab@aries.ernet.in NR 88 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 261 IS 1 BP 127 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9470-2 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534QQ UT WOS:000272912600009 ER PT J AU Thompson, WT Wei, K AF Thompson, W. T. Wei, K. TI Use of the FITS World Coordinate System by STEREO/SECCHI SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REPRESENTATIONS; MISSION AB The World Coordinate System (WCS) is a standard for embedding coordinate information in a Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) header. Its first extensive use within solar physics is by the Sun Earth Connections Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) telescope suite onboard the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO). The WCS formalism assists in SECCHI data analysis in several ways: First of all, the spherical effects associated with the extremely wide fields-of-view of the Heliospheric Imager (HI) telescopes can be handled in a completely unambiguous and standard fashion. Of particular importance is that WCS positional keywords allow spacecraft-ephemeris information to be embedded within the FITS header without depending on mission-specific keywords. Ephemeris data is critical to the three-dimensional analysis that the STEREO mission is designed for. We also show how the WCS software in SolarSoft can be used to relate STEREO data to other missions such as the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The ability of WCS to support a parallel celestial right ascension (R.A.)/declination (Dec) coordinate system and the use of WCS for COR1 synoptic maps are also discussed. The advantages that STEREO derived from WCS can equally be applied to other solar missions, in particular Solar Orbiter, and should be adopted by all future missions. C1 [Thompson, W. T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Adnet Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wei, K.] Univ Maryland, Adnet Syst Inc, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Thompson, WT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Adnet Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM William.T.Thompson@nasa.gov RI Thompson, William/D-7376-2012 FU NASA [NNG06EB68C] FX The STEREO/SECCHI data used here are produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). This work was supported by NASA grant NNG06EB68C. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 261 IS 1 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9476-9 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534QQ UT WOS:000272912600014 ER PT J AU Goldblatt, C Zahnle, KJ Sleep, NH Nisbet, EG AF Goldblatt, C. Zahnle, K. J. Sleep, N. H. Nisbet, E. G. TI The Eons of Chaos and Hades SO SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article AB We propose the Chaotian Eon to demarcate geologic time from the origin of the Solar System to the Moon-forming impact on Earth. This separates the solar system wide processes of planet formation from the subsequent divergent evolution of the inner planets. We further propose the division of the Hadean Eon into eras and periods and naming the proto-Earth Tellus. C1 [Goldblatt, C.; Zahnle, K. J.] NASA, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sleep, N. H.] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nisbet, E. G.] Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. RP Goldblatt, C (reprint author), NASA, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM colin.goldblatt@nasa.gov FU NASA postdoctoral program fellowship; Ames Team of the NASA Astrobiology Institute FX C. G. was funded by a NASA postdoctoral program fellowship. K. J. Z. was funded by the Ames Team of the NASA Astrobiology Institute. We thank Kerri Cahoy for comments on the manuscript. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1869-9510 J9 SOLID EARTH JI Solid Earth PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA V25LQ UT WOS:000208479900001 ER PT S AU Li, SX Vasilyev, AA Stephen, MA Yu, AW Krainak, MA Shaw, GB Rosanova, AA Filemyr, TI AF Li, Steven X. Vasilyev, Aleksey A. Stephen, Mark A. Yu, Anthony W. Krainak, Michael A. Shaw, George B. Rosanova, Alberto A. Filemyr, Timothy I. BE Clarkson, WA Hodgson, N Shori, RK TI A Highly Reliable Single Mode Laser for Space Applications SO SOLID STATE LASERS XIX: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XIX - Technology and Devices CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Space Laser System; Single Frequency; Ring Amplifier; Etalon Output Coupler; LIDAR; Wind AB A compact, passively q-switched, single mode laser has been developed for space based lidar applications. The Nd:YAG laser produces 50mJ pulse-energy at 100 Hz repetition rate in a near diffraction limited beam with more than 99.99% of the pulses in a single longitudinal mode. This laser was initially developed as a candidate for the ICESat-2 mission, which requires five years continuous operation in space. The laser is based on two newly developed technologies, Etalon Coupled High Output (ECHO) oscillator and Ring Amplified Solid State Laser (RASSL). In this paper, we will present the laser design and discuss the laser performance and experimental results. We will also present a unique laser package concept. C1 [Li, Steven X.; Stephen, Mark A.; Yu, Anthony W.; Krainak, Michael A.; Shaw, George B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Li, SX (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM steven.x.li@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7974-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7578 AR 757808 DI 10.1117/12.843683 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSM47 UT WOS:000284936100004 ER PT S AU Prasad, NS Roychoudhuri, C AF Prasad, Narasimha S. Roychoudhuri, Chandrasekhar BE Clarkson, WA Hodgson, N Shori, RK TI Time-gating processes in intra-cavity mode-locking devices like saturable absorbers and Kerr cells SO SOLID STATE LASERS XIX: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XIX - Technology and Devices CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Photons; light-matter interaction; Mode-locking; Kerr devices AB Photons are non-interacting entities. Light beams do not interfere by themselves. Light beams constituting different laser modes (frequencies) are not capable of re-arranging their energies from extended time-domain to ultra-short time-domain by themselves without the aid of light-matter interactions with suitable intra-cavity devices. In this paper we will discuss the time-gating properties of intra-cavity "mode-locking" devices that actually help generate a regular train of high energy wave packets. C1 [Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Prasad, NS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM narasimha.s.prasad@nasa.gov; chandra@phys.uconn.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7974-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7578 AR 75781C DI 10.1117/12.846584 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSM47 UT WOS:000284936100037 ER PT S AU Seas, A Yu, AW Melak, A Mostofi, D Troupaki, E Vasilyev, A Conley, H AF Seas, Antonios Yu, Anthony W. Melak, Anthony Mostofi, David Troupaki, Elisavet Vasilyev, Aleksey Conley, Heather BE Clarkson, WA Hodgson, N Shori, RK TI Extended Testing of Laser Systems for Space Applications SO SOLID STATE LASERS XIX: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XIX - Technology and Devices CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Solid State Laser; LIDAR; Remote Sensing; Space Laser Systems; Laser Altimeter; Space-Qualified Lasers ID TRANSMITTER; ALTIMETER AB Over the last two decades NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has developed several laser systems for space application. The aging behavior of a laser system varies depending on the complexity of the system and the technologies used. One limitation of reliability models trying to predict system performance has been the lack of test data. Extended testing is an effective way to determine the reliability, and long term stability of laser systems. In this paper the results from extended testing of two laser system are presented. One system has been operating for over two and a half billion shots in air while the second system has accumulated half a billion shots while operating in a vacuum environment. C1 [Seas, Antonios; Yu, Anthony W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Seas, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7974-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7578 AR 757806 DI 10.1117/12.842622 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSM47 UT WOS:000284936100003 ER PT S AU Seas, A Troupaki, E Vasilyev, AA Conley, H AF Seas, Antonios Troupaki, Elisavet Vasilyev, Aleksey A. Conley, Heather BE Clarkson, WA Hodgson, N Shori, RK TI Quasi-CW laser diode arrays for space applications SO SOLID STATE LASERS XIX: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XIX - Technology and Devices CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser diode array (LDA); quasi-continuous wave (QCW); diode-pumped; LDA reliability; LDA characterization; space-qualification; solid state laser AB NASA's space-borne laser missions have been dominated by low repetition rate (<100Hz) Q-switched laser systems, which use Nd:YAG laser crystals, and are pumped by quasi-continuous wave (QCW) 808 nm laser diode arrays (LDAs). The diode group at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has been responsible for the screening and qualification of LDAs for several missions. The main goal has been to identify LDAs that can withstand the harsh space environment, and minimize risks associated with LDA degradation or failure. This paper presents a summary of recent research activities, and describes the results from extended testing of multiple LDAs in air and vacuum environments. C1 [Seas, Antonios] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Seas, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7974-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7578 AR 757805 DI 10.1117/12.842060 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSM47 UT WOS:000284936100002 ER PT S AU Yu, AW Stephen, MA Li, SX Shaw, GB Seas, A Dowdye, E Troupaki, E Liiva, P Poulios, D Mascetti, K AF Yu, Anthony W. Stephen, Mark A. Li, Steve X. Shaw, George B. Seas, Antonios Dowdye, Edward Troupaki, Elisavet Liiva, Peter Poulios, Demetrios Mascetti, Kathy BE Clarkson, WA Hodgson, N Shori, RK TI Space Laser Transmitter Development for ICESat-2 Mission SO SOLID STATE LASERS XIX: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XIX - Technology and Devices CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE LIDAR; Remote Sensing; Space Laser Systems; Laser Altimeter; Space-Qualified Lasers; Micropulse Lidar ID MICROCHIP LASERS; ND; POWER; ALTIMETER; SYSTEM AB The first NASA Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) was launched in January 2003 and placed into a near-polar orbit whose primary mission was the global monitoring of the Earth's ice sheet mass balance. ICESat has accumulated over 1.8 B shots in space and provided a valuable dataset in the study of ice sheet dynamics over the past few years. NASA is planning a follow-on mission ICESat-2 to be launched tentatively in 2015. In this paper we will discuss the development effort of the laser transmitters for the ICESat-2 mission. C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Stephen, Mark A.; Li, Steve X.; Shaw, George B.; Seas, Antonios; Dowdye, Edward] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electroopt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electroopt Branch, MC554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7974-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7578 AR 757809 DI 10.1117/12.843342 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSM47 UT WOS:000284936100005 ER PT S AU Yu, AW Krainak, MA Harding, DJ Abshire, JB Sun, XL Valett, S Cavanaugh, J Ramos-Izquierdo, L AF Yu, Anthony W. Krainak, Michael A. Harding, David J. Abshire, James B. Sun, Xiaoli Valett, Susan Cavanaugh, John Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis BE Clarkson, WA Hodgson, N Shori, RK TI Spaceborne laser instruments for high-resolution mapping SO SOLID STATE LASERS XIX: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XIX - Technology and Devices CY JAN 24-28, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser altimeter; space laser; topography ID ND-YAG LASER; MESSENGER MISSION; ALTIMETER; MERCURY AB We discuss past, present and future spaceborne laser instruments for high-resolution mapping of Earth and planetary surfaces. Previous spaceborne-laser-altimeters projected and imaged a single laser spot for surface-height measurements. In contrast, the recent Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) uses a non-scanning multi-beam system for surface topography mapping. The multi-beam instrument facilitates surface slope measurement and reduces the time-to-completion for global high-resolution topographic mapping. We discuss our first-year progress on a three-year swath-mapping laser-altimetry Instrument Incubator Program (IIP) funded by the NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO). Our IIP is a technology development program supporting the LIdar Surface Topography (LIST) space-flight mission that is a third-tier mission as recommended by the National Research Council (NRC) for NASA's Earth Science programs. C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Krainak, Michael A.; Cavanaugh, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Harding, David/F-5913-2012 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7974-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7578 AR 757802 DI 10.1117/12.843191 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSM47 UT WOS:000284936100001 ER PT B AU Hopelain, D AF Hopelain, David BA Sortino, F BF Sortino, F TI The Proper Role of Regulation in Financial Markets SO SORTINO FRAMEWORK FOR CONSTRUCTING PORTFOLIOS: FOCUSING ON DESIRED TARGET RETURN TO OPTIMIZE UPSIDE POTENTIAL RELATIVE TO DOWNSIDE RISK SE Elsevier Finance LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB David Hopelain explains the difference between risk and danger in financial markets by comparing investing to race car driving. Risk can be managed, but dangerous situations require government intervention. The previous chapters in this book have advanced new concepts and methods for investment decision making and portfolio management as the next steps in the evolution of financial management. This chapter proposes a framework for understanding the role of the regulators of financial markets. The current financial crisis reveals that the process of regulating decision making in investment markets is essential; however, before undertaking the complex issue of adopting new rules, the role of regulation and the regulator must be defined. Not until the regulator's role is understood will financial markets function as intended. To fulfill their intended purpose financial markets must satisfy the interests of: Those whose funds are invested Those who use the funds that are invested Those who make the day-to-day decisions linking these two groups C1 [Hopelain, David] Univ So Calif, Annenberg Sch Commun, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Hopelain, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hopelain, D (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Annenberg Sch Commun, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-096168-2 J9 ELSEV FINANC PY 2010 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374992-5.00008-9 D2 10.1016/B978-0-12-374992-5.00001-6 PG 11 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA BGC18 UT WOS:000322227700009 ER PT S AU Pauken, M Emis, N Van Luvender, M Polk, J Del Castillo, L AF Pauken, Mike Emis, Nick Van Luvender, Marissa Polk, Jay Del Castillo, Linda BE Robertson, GA TI Thermal Control Technology Developments for a Venus Lander SO SPACE, PROPULSION & ENERGY SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL FORUM SPESIF- 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conf on Thermophys Applicat in Micrograv/7th Symp on New Frontiers in Space Propuls Sci/2nd Symp on Astrosociol/1st Symp on High Frequency Gravitat Waves CY FEB 23-25, 2010 CL Johns Hopkins APL, Laurel, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrosociol Res Inst HO Johns Hopkins APL DE Venus Lander; Thermal Control Architecture; Phase Change Materials; Insulation ID PRESSURE AB The thermal control system for a Venus Lander is critical to mission success and the harsh operating environment presents significant thermal design and implementation challenges. A successful thermal architecture draws heavily from previous missions to the Venus surface such as Pioneer Venus and the Soviet Venera Landers. Future Venus missions will require more advanced thermal control strategies to allow greater science return than previous missions and will need to operate for more than one or two hours as previous missions have done. This paper describes a Venus Lander thermal architecture including the technology development of a phase change material system for absorbing the heat generated within the Lander itself and an insulation system for resisting the heat penetrating the Lander from the Venus environment. The phase change energy storage system uses lithium nitrate that can absorb twice the amount of energy per unit mass in comparison to paraffin based systems. The insulation system uses a porous silica material capable of handling a high temperature and high pressure gas environment while maintaining low thermal conductivity. C1 [Pauken, Mike; Emis, Nick; Van Luvender, Marissa; Polk, Jay; Del Castillo, Linda] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pauken, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Michael.pauken@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0749-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1208 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1063/1.3326290 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BQB43 UT WOS:000280566100007 ER PT S AU Bugby, DC Farmer, JT O'Connor, BF Wirzburger, MJ Abel, ED Stouffer, CJ AF Bugby, D. C. Farmer, J. T. O'Connor, B. F. Wirzburger, M. J. Abel, E. D. Stouffer, C. J. BE Robertson, GA TI Two-Phase Thermal Switching System for a Small, Extended Duration Lunar Surface Science Platform SO SPACE, PROPULSION & ENERGY SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL FORUM SPESIF- 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conf on Thermophys Application in Microgravity/7th Symp on New Frontiers in Space Propuls Sci/2nd Symp on Astrosociol/1st Symp on High Frequency Gravitat Waves CY FEB 23-25, 2010 CL Johns Hopkins APL, Laurel, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrosociol Res Inst HO Johns Hopkins APL DE Lunar Lander; Thermal Control; Thermal Switch; Two-Phase Heat Transfer; Variable Conductance; Heat Pipe AB This paper describes a novel thermal control system for the Warm Electronics Box (WEB) on board a small lunar surface lander intended to support science activities anywhere on the lunar surface for an extended duration of up to 6 years. Virtually all lander electronics, which collectively dissipate about 60 W in the reference mission, are contained within the WEB. These devices must be maintained below 323 K (with a goal of 303 K) during the nearly 15-earth-day lunar day, when surface temperatures can reach 390K, and above 263 K during the nearly 15-earth-day lunar night, when surface temperatures can reach 100K. Because of the large temperature swing from lunar day-to-night, a novel thermal switching system was required that would be able to provide high conductance from the WEB to the radiator(s) during the hot lunar day and low (or negligible) conductance during the cold lunar night. The concept that was developed consists of ammonia variable conductance heat pipes (VCHPs) to collect heat from WEB components and a polymer wick propylene loop heat pipe (LHP) to transport the collected heat to the radiator(s). The VCHPs autonomously maximize transport when the WEB is warm and autonomously shut down when the WEB gets cold. The LHP autonomously shuts down when the VCHPs shut down. When the environment transitions from lunar night to day, the VCHPs and LHP autonomously turn back on. Out of 26 analyzed systems, this novel arrangement was able to best achieve the combined goals of zero control power, autonomous operation, long life, low complexity, low Delta T, and landed tilt tolerance. C1 [Bugby, D. C.; Stouffer, C. J.] ATK Space, 5050 Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Farmer, J. T.; O'Connor, B. F.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, MFSC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Bugby, DC (reprint author), ATK Space, 5050 Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.bugby@atk.corn; jeffery.t.farmer@nasa.gov; brian.f.oconnor@nasa.gov; melissa.wirzburger@jhuapl.edu; elisabeth.abel@jhuapl.edu; chuck.stouffer@atk.com FU NASA Marshall Space Flight Center FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the funding support of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in the carrying out of this research. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0749-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1208 BP 76 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3326291 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BQB43 UT WOS:000280566100008 ER PT S AU Chandrasekhar, P Zay, BJ Barbolt, S Werner, R Caldwell, E AF Chandrasekhar, Prasanna Zay, Brian J. Barbolt, Scott Werner, Robert Caldwell, Edmonia BE Robertson, GA TI Variable Emittance Skins for Active Thermal Control in Spacecraft Based on Conducting Polymers, Ionic Liquids and Specialized Coatings SO SPACE, PROPULSION & ENERGY SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL FORUM SPESIF- 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conf on Thermophys Application in Microgravity/7th Symp on New Frontiers in Space Propuls Sci/2nd Symp on Astrosociol/1st Symp on High Frequency Gravitat Waves CY FEB 23-25, 2010 CL Johns Hopkins APL, Laurel, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrosociol Res Inst HO Johns Hopkins APL DE Variable; Emittance; Electrochromic; Spacecraft; Thermal; Control; Conducting; Polymer; Ionic; Liquid ID ELECTROCHROMISM AB The performance of unique, variable emittance electrochromic "skins", based on Conducting Polymers (CPs) as the active electrochromic material coupled with several different ionic liquids as the electrolyte and unique surface coatings that minimize the solar absorptance alpha(s), is described. These have wide operating temperature, operate in space vacuum without any seals, have alpha(s) values as low as 0.3. The skins show tailorable emittance epsilon variations from 0.19 to 0.90 with Delta epsilon up to 0.5. Extended thermal vacuum, atomic-O, micrometeoroid, VUV and other studies show excellent space durability. Tests results on these skins obtained at several independent laboratories, at various aerospace firms in the U.S. and Europe and at another NASA center, are also briefly described herein. C1 [Chandrasekhar, Prasanna; Zay, Brian J.; Barbolt, Scott; Werner, Robert] Ashwin Ushas Corp Inc, 500 James St Suite 7, Lakewood, NJ 08701 USA. [Caldwell, Edmonia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chandrasekhar, P (reprint author), Ashwin Ushas Corp Inc, 500 James St Suite 7, Lakewood, NJ 08701 USA. EM chandra.p2@ashwin-ushas.com FU NASA-Goddard; NASA-Johnson FX The authors thank NASA-Goddard and NASA-Johnson for partial funding of this work. They also express profuse thanks to Rubik Sheth and Ryan Stephan of NASA-Johnson, and to Jean-Paul Dudon of Thales Alenia, for permission to use their results on our variable emittance skins. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0749-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1208 BP 99 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3326293 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BQB43 UT WOS:000280566100010 ER PT S AU Cole, JW Silvera, IF AF Cole, J. W. Silvera, I. F. BE Robertson, GA TI Future Propellants for Launch Vehicles - Metallic Hydrogen with Water and Hydrocarbon Diluents SO SPACE, PROPULSION & ENERGY SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL FORUM SPESIF- 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conf on Thermophys Application in Microgravity/7th Symp on New Frontiers in Space Propuls Sci/2nd Symp on Astrosociol/1st Symp on High Frequency Gravitat Waves CY FEB 23-25, 2010 CL Johns Hopkins APL, Laurel, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrosociol Res Inst HO Johns Hopkins APL DE Metallic Hydrogen; Propulsion; Launch Vehicle Concepts; Energetic Materials; HEDM; Rocket Engines ID SOLID HYDROGEN; GPA; H-2 AB Earlier papers have shown that the energy released from recombination of the atomic hydrogen formed when metallic hydrogen is raised above the critical metastabability temperature yields a far greater specific energy and specific impulse than the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen. Experimental efforts continue towards the challenging goal of producing metallic hydrogen in the laboratory. Progress in 2009 has significantly extended the hydrogen high pressure melt line, a path towards metallic hydrogen. The temperature of the recombination reaction of pure metallic hydrogen will be much higher than existing rocket engine materials can withstand. The approach examined here is to dilute the metallic hydrogen, lowering the reaction temperature. Water, hydrocarbons, and liquid molecular hydrogen diluents are shown to provide an attractive specific impulse without exceeding acceptable material technology temperature limits. Analysis of a two-stage mission to the lunar surface with a liquid hydrogen diluted second-stage shows a slight advantage of water and hydrocarbon mixtures as first-stage diluents compared with water only first-stage diluents. Such two-stage in-line vehicles, a little taller than the space shuttle, could deliver very large payloads to the lunar surface or to geosynchronous orbits using the predicted characteristics of diluted metallic hydrogen. C1 [Cole, J. W.] NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. [Silvera, I. F.] Harvard Univ, Lyman Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM John.Cole.hsv@gmail.com; silvera@physics.harvard.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0749-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1208 BP 107 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3326239 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BQB43 UT WOS:000280566100011 ER PT S AU Arentz, R Reitsema, H Van Cleve, J Linfield, R AF Arentz, Robert Reitsema, Harold Van Cleve, Jeffrey Linfield, Roger BE Robertson, GA TI NEO Survey: An Efficient Search for Near-Earth Objects by an IR Observatory in a Venus-like Orbit SO SPACE, PROPULSION & ENERGY SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL FORUM SPESIF- 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conf on Thermophys Application in Microgravity/7th Symp on New Frontiers in Space Propuls Sci/2nd Symp on Astrosociol/1st Symp on High Frequency Gravitat Waves CY FEB 23-25, 2010 CL Johns Hopkins APL, Laurel, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrosociol Res Inst HO Johns Hopkins APL DE Near-Earth Objects; Spacebased NEO Survey; Infrared NEO Detection; Venus-Like Orbits for NEO Detection; Planetary Defense; Low-Altitude Airbursts; Requirements of the George E. Brown Bill; PDC in Grenada; Spain ID MAGNITUDE AB In 2003 NASA commissioned a Science Definition Team (SDT) (Stokes, et al., 2003) to study the threats posed by Near-Earth Objects (NEOs), recommend efficient methods for detecting NEOs down to 140 meters in diameter, and suggest conceptual mitigation techniques. In this same time frame, Congress set the goal of cataloguing 90% of all NEOs down to 140 meters diameter by 2020. The SDT concluded that the infrared passband from similar to 5 to similar to 11 microns is the best for finding NEOs; that an aperture of 50 centimeters is sufficient; and that locating a NEO-finding observatory in a Venus-like orbit is ideal. Since then, NASA and its industrial partners (such as Ball Aerospace) have flown two very NEO-relevant deep-space missions the Spitzer Space Telescope and Kepler. Herein, a high-reliability, credibly-costed design is presented based on Spitzer and Kepler that meets the 90%/140-m/2020 requirements for about $600M. This design will also detect about 85% of all >100 meter NEOs, about 70% of all >65 meter NEOs, and about 50% of all >50 meter NEOs. These smaller NEOs constitute a newly recognized threat regime that cannot be efficiently found from the ground. C1 [Arentz, Robert; Reitsema, Harold; Linfield, Roger] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Van Cleve, Jeffrey] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Arentz, R (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM rarentz@ball.com; hreitsema@aol.com; rlinfiel@ball.com NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0749-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1208 BP 418 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3326270 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BQB43 UT WOS:000280566100038 ER PT S AU Clark, PE Millar, PS Beaman, B Yeh, PS Cooper, L Feng, S Young, E AF Clark, P. E. Millar, P. S. Beaman, B. Yeh, P. S. Cooper, L. Feng, S. Young, E. BE Robertson, GA TI Ultra Low Temperature Ultra Low Power Instrument Packages for Planetary Surfaces SO SPACE, PROPULSION & ENERGY SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL FORUM SPESIF- 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conf on Thermophys Applicat in Micrograv/7th Symp on New Frontiers in Space Propuls Sci/2nd Symp on Astrosociol/1st Symp on High Frequency Gravitat Waves CY FEB 23-25, 2010 CL Johns Hopkins APL, Laurel, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrosociol Res Inst HO Johns Hopkins APL DE Moon; Lunar Surface; Instrumentation; Space Physics; Space Environment; Space Radiation; Atmosphere; Magnetic Field; Plasma; Dust; Geophysics; Interior; Heat Flow; Seismometry; Astrophysics AB Achievement of solar system exploration roadmap goals will involve robotic or human deployment and long-term operation of surface science packages remote from human presence, thus requiring autonomous, self-powered operation. The major challenge such packages face will be operating during long periods of darkness in extreme cold potentially without the Pu238 based power and thermal systems available to Apollo era packages (ALSEP). Development of such science payloads will thus require considerable optimization of instrument and subsystem design, packaging and integration for a variety of planetary surface environments in order to support solar system exploration fully. Our work supports this process through the incorporation of low temperature operational components and design strategies which radically minimize power, mass, and cost while maximizing the performance under extreme surface conditions that are in many cases more demanding than those routinely experienced by spacecraft in deep space. Chief instruments/instrument package candidates include those which could provide long-term monitoring of the surface and subsurface environments for fundamental science and human crew safety. The initial attempt to design a 10 instrument environmental monitoring package with a solar/battery based power system led to a package with a unacceptably large mass (500 kg) of which over half was battery mass. In phase 1, a factor of 5 reduction in mass was achieved, first through the introduction of high performance electronics capable of operating at far lower temperature and then through the use of innovative thermal balance strategies involving the use of multi-layer thin materials and gravity-assisted heat pipes. In phase 2, reported here, involves strategies such as universal incorporation of ULT/ULP digital and analog electronics, and distributed or non-conventionally packaged power systems. These strategies will be required to meet the far more challenging thermal requirements of operating through a normal 28 day diurnal cycle. The limited temperature range of efficient battery operation remains the largest obstacle. C1 [Clark, P. E.; Millar, P. S.; Beaman, B.; Yeh, P. S.; Cooper, L.; Feng, S.; Young, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 695, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Pamela.E.Clark@nasa.gov RI Millar, Pamela/B-4426-2013 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0749-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1208 BP 541 EP 548 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BQB43 UT WOS:000280566100049 ER PT S AU Clark, PE Curtis, SA Minetto, F Marshall, J Nuth, J Calle, C AF Clark, P. E. Curtis, S. A. Minetto, F. Marshall, J. Nuth, J. Calle, C. BE Robertson, GA TI SPARCLE: Electrostatic Dust Control Tool Proof of Concept SO SPACE, PROPULSION & ENERGY SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL FORUM SPESIF- 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conf on Thermophys Application in Microgravity/7th Symp on New Frontiers in Space Propuls Sci/2nd Symp on Astrosociol/1st Symp on High Frequency Gravitat Waves CY FEB 23-25, 2010 CL Johns Hopkins APL, Laurel, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrosociol Res Inst HO Johns Hopkins APL DE Moon; Lunar Surface; Dust Control; Plasma; Regolith; Space Environment; Electrostatic; Mechanical ID LUNAR DUST; SPACECRAFT; SURFACE; WAKE AB Successful exploration of most planetary surfaces, with their impact-generated dusty regoliths, will depend on the capabilities to keep surfaces free of the performance-compromising dust. Once in contact with surfaces, whether set in motion by natural or mechanical means, regolith fines, or dust, behave like abrasive Velcro, coating surfaces, clogging mechanisms, making movement progressively more difficult, and being almost impossible to remove by mechanical means (brushing). The successful dust removal strategy will deal with dust dynamics resulting from interaction between Van der Waals and Coulombic forces. Here, proof of concept for an electrostatically-based concept for dust control tool is described and demonstrated. A low power focused electron beam is used in the presence of a small electrical field to increase the negative charge to mass ratio of a dusty surface until dust repulsion and attraction to a lower potential surface, acting as a dust collector, occurred. Our goal is a compact device of <5 kg mass and using <5 watts of power to be operational in <5 years with heritage from ionic sweepers for active spacecraft potential control (e.g., on POLAR). Rovers could be fitted with devices that could harness the removal of dust for sampling as part of the extended exploration process on Mercury, Mars, asteroids or outer solar system satellites, as well as the Moon. C1 [Clark, P. E.] Catholic Univ Amer, Code 695, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Curtis, S. A.; Minetto, F.; Nuth, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Marshall, J.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94943 USA. [Calle, C.] NASA, KSC, Cape Kennedy, FL 32899 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Code 695, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM pamela.clark@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Nuth, Joseph/E-7085-2012 FU NASA ESMD ETDP [695]; NASA/KSC [544]; NASA/GSFC IRAD [588] FX The authors thank the NASA ESMD ETDP program, our NASA/KSC colleagues, the NASA/GSFC IRAD program, and GSFC Codes 695, 544, and 588 for their support. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0749-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1208 BP 549 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3326283 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BQB43 UT WOS:000280566100050 ER PT B AU Shivers, CH AF Shivers, Charles Herbert BE Pelton, JN Jakhu, RS TI NASA space safety standards and procedures for human-rating requirements SO SPACE SAFETY REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Safety & Mission Assurance Directorate, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Shivers, CH (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Safety & Mission Assurance Directorate, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI BURLINGTON PA 30 CORPORATE DRIVE, STE 400, BURLINGTON, MA 01803 USA BN 978-0-08-096192-7 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1016/B978-1-85617-752-8.10001-7 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BER12 UT WOS:000317836900003 ER PT J AU Mendell, W AF Mendell, Wendell TI Foreword: An Exploration-Driven Renaissance in Lunar Science SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, JSC, Houston, TX USA. RP Mendell, W (reprint author), NASA, JSC, Houston, TX USA. EM wendell.w.mendell@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s11214-010-9639-x PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700002 ER PT J AU Vondrak, R Keller, J Chin, G Garvin, J AF Vondrak, Richard Keller, John Chin, Gordon Garvin, James TI Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO): Observations for Lunar Exploration and Science SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Moon; Lunar; Remote sensing; Spacecraft AB The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) was implemented to facilitate scientific and engineering-driven mapping of the lunar surface at new spatial scales and with new remote sensing methods, identify safe landing sites, search for in situ resources, and measure the space radiation environment. After its successful launch on June 18, 2009, the LRO spacecraft and instruments were activated and calibrated in an eccentric polar lunar orbit until September 15, when LRO was moved to a circular polar orbit with a mean altitude of 50 km. LRO will operate for at least one year to support the goals of NASA's Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD), and for at least two years of extended operations for additional lunar science measurements supported by NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD). LRO carries six instruments with associated science and exploration investigations, and a telecommunications/radar technology demonstration. The LRO instruments are: Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER), Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (DLRE), Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP), Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND), Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA), and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC). The technology demonstration is a compact, dual-frequency, hybrid polarity synthetic aperture radar instrument (Mini-RF). LRO observations also support the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), the lunar impact mission that was co-manifested with LRO on the Atlas V (401) launch vehicle. This paper describes the LRO objectives and measurements that support exploration of the Moon and that address the science objectives outlined by the National Academy of Science's report on the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon (SCEM). We also describe data accessibility by the science and exploration community. C1 [Vondrak, Richard; Keller, John; Chin, Gordon; Garvin, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Vondrak, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM richard.vondrak@nasa.gov RI Chin, Gordon/E-1520-2012; Keller, John/I-5097-2013 NR 1 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 7 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s11214-010-9631-5 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700003 ER PT J AU Tooley, CR Houghton, MB Saylor, RS Peddie, C Everett, DF Baker, CL Safdie, KN AF Tooley, Craig R. Houghton, Martin B. Saylor, Richard S., Jr. Peddie, Cathy Everett, David F. Baker, Charles L. Safdie, Kristina N. TI Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission and Spacecraft Design SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Lunar; Spacecraft; Mission design AB Launched June 18, 2009, with its primary mission scheduled to end September 2010, NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter will be the first observatory ever to spend an entire year orbiting and observing the Moon at a low altitude of just 50 km. The spacecraft carries a wide variety of scientific instruments and will provide an extraordinary opportunity to study the lunar landscape at resolutions and over time scales never achieved before. This paper is intended as a companion to the series of papers released simultaneously in this journal detailing LRO's instruments and their planned measurements. The paper describes the design and key performance drivers of the LRO spacecraft and overall mission design. It presents a comprehensive description of the operation of the various systems that comprise the spacecraft and illustrates how these systems enable achievement of the mission requirements. C1 [Tooley, Craig R.; Houghton, Martin B.; Peddie, Cathy; Everett, David F.; Baker, Charles L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Saylor, Richard S., Jr.] Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Safdie, Kristina N.] Alliant Techsyst Inc, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Tooley, CR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM craig.r.tooley@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 23 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9624-4 PG 40 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700004 ER PT J AU Zuber, MT Smith, DE Zellar, RS Neumann, GA Sun, XL Katz, RB Kleyner, I Matuszeski, A McGarry, JF Ott, MN Ramos-Izquierdo, LA Rowlands, DD Torrence, MH Zagwodzki, TW AF Zuber, Maria T. Smith, David E. Zellar, Ronald S. Neumann, Gregory A. Sun, Xiaoli Katz, Richard B. Kleyner, Igor Matuszeski, Adam McGarry, Jan F. Ott, Melanie N. Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis A. Rowlands, David D. Torrence, Mark H. Zagwodzki, Thomas W. TI The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging Investigation SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Moon; Laser ranging; Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter; Orbit determination ID MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR; GRAVITY-FIELD; ALTIMETER; MISSION; PROSPECTOR; INSTRUMENT AB The objective of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Laser Ranging (LR) system is to collect precise measurements of range that allow the spacecraft to achieve its requirement for precision orbit determination. The LR will make one-way range measurements via laser pulse time-of-flight from Earth to LRO, and will determine the position of the spacecraft at a sub-meter level with respect to ground stations on Earth and the center of mass of the Moon. Ranging will occur whenever LRO is visible in the line of sight from participating Earth ground tracking stations. The LR consists of two primary components, a flight system and ground system. The flight system consists of a small receiver telescope mounted on the LRO high-gain antenna that captures the uplinked laser signal, and a fiber optic cable that routes the signal to the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument on LRO. The LOLA instrument receiver records the time of the laser signal based on an ultrastable crystal oscillator, and provides the information to the onboard LRO data system for storage and/or transmittal to the ground through the spacecraft radio frequency link. The LR ground system consists of a network of satellite laser ranging stations, a data reception and distribution facility, and the LOLA Science Operations Center. LR measurements will enable the determination of a three-dimensional geodetic grid for the Moon based on the precise seleno-location of ground spots from LOLA. C1 [Zuber, Maria T.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Smith, David E.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Sun, Xiaoli; McGarry, Jan F.; Rowlands, David D.; Zagwodzki, Thomas W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zellar, Ronald S.; Katz, Richard B.; Kleyner, Igor; Matuszeski, Adam; Ott, Melanie N.; Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Adv Engn Technol Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Torrence, Mark H.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Zuber, MT (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM zuber@mit.edu RI Rowlands, David/D-2751-2012; Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; McGarry, Jan/C-4109-2013; Neumann, Gregory/I-5591-2013 OI Neumann, Gregory/0000-0003-0644-9944 NR 24 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 63 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9511-z PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700005 ER PT J AU Robinson, MS Brylow, SM Tschimmel, M Humm, D Lawrence, SJ Thomas, PC Denevi, BW Bowman-Cisneros, E Zerr, J Ravine, MA Caplinger, MA Ghaemi, FT Schaffner, JA Malin, MC Mahanti, P Bartels, A Anderson, J Tran, TN Eliason, EM McEwen, AS Turtle, E Jolliff, BL Hiesinger, H AF Robinson, M. S. Brylow, S. M. Tschimmel, M. Humm, D. Lawrence, S. J. Thomas, P. C. Denevi, B. W. Bowman-Cisneros, E. Zerr, J. Ravine, M. A. Caplinger, M. A. Ghaemi, F. T. Schaffner, J. A. Malin, M. C. Mahanti, P. Bartels, A. Anderson, J. Tran, T. N. Eliason, E. M. McEwen, A. S. Turtle, E. Jolliff, B. L. Hiesinger, H. TI Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Instrument Overview SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE LRO; LROC; Instrument; Camera; Moon; Lunar; Calibration ID LEONID IMPACT FLASHES; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSES; PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS; OCEANUS PROCELLARUM; SURFACE LAYER; SOUTH-POLE; MOON; THICKNESS; REGION; TERRESTRIAL AB The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Wide Angle Camera (WAC) and Narrow Angle Cameras (NACs) are on the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). The WAC is a 7-color push-frame camera (100 and 400 m/pixel visible and UV, respectively), while the two NACs are monochrome narrow-angle linescan imagers (0.5 m/pixel). The primary mission of LRO is to obtain measurements of the Moon that will enable future lunar human exploration. The overarching goals of the LROC investigation include landing site identification and certification, mapping of permanently polar shadowed and sunlit regions, meter-scale mapping of polar regions, global multispectral imaging, a global morphology base map, characterization of regolith properties, and determination of current impact hazards. C1 [Robinson, M. S.; Tschimmel, M.; Lawrence, S. J.; Denevi, B. W.; Bowman-Cisneros, E.; Mahanti, P.; Tran, T. N.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Brylow, S. M.; Zerr, J.; Ravine, M. A.; Caplinger, M. A.; Schaffner, J. A.; Malin, M. C.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Humm, D.] Space Instrument Calibrat Consulting, Annapolis, MD USA. [Thomas, P. C.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bartels, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Anderson, J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Branch, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ghaemi, F. T.] Tony Ghaemi Opt Engn, San Diego, CA USA. [Eliason, E. M.; McEwen, A. S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Turtle, E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hiesinger, H.] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-4400 Munster, Germany. RP Robinson, MS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM mrobinson@ser.asu.edu RI Denevi, Brett/I-6502-2012; Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Humm, David/B-8825-2016 OI Denevi, Brett/0000-0001-7837-6663; Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Humm, David/0000-0003-1520-261X NR 74 TC 238 Z9 246 U1 6 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 81 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s11214-010-9634-2 PG 44 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700006 ER PT J AU Paige, DA Foote, MC Greenhagen, BT Schofield, JT Calcutt, S Vasavada, AR Preston, DJ Taylor, FW Allen, CC Snook, KJ Jakosky, BM Murray, BC Soderblom, LA Jau, B Loring, S Bulharowski, J Bowles, NE Thomas, IR Sullivan, MT Avis, C De Jong, EM Hartford, W McCleese, DJ AF Paige, D. A. Foote, M. C. Greenhagen, B. T. Schofield, J. T. Calcutt, S. Vasavada, A. R. Preston, D. J. Taylor, F. W. Allen, C. C. Snook, K. J. Jakosky, B. M. Murray, B. C. Soderblom, L. A. Jau, B. Loring, S. Bulharowski, J. Bowles, N. E. Thomas, I. R. Sullivan, M. T. Avis, C. De Jong, E. M. Hartford, W. McCleese, D. J. TI The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Moon; Lunar; Diviner; Thermal; Radiometer; Mapping; Temperature; Infrared; Mineralogy; Petrology; LRO; Reconnaissance Orbiter ID SURFACE FEATURES; TEMPERATURES; CALIBRATION; ATMOSPHERE; MOON; ICE AB The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter will be the first instrument to systematically map the global thermal state of the Moon and its diurnal and seasonal variability. Diviner will measure reflected solar and emitted infrared radiation in nine spectral channels with wavelengths ranging from 0.3 to 400 microns. The resulting measurements will enable characterization of the lunar thermal environment, mapping surface properties such as thermal inertia, rock abundance and silicate mineralogy, and determination of the locations and temperatures of volatile cold traps in the lunar polar regions. C1 [Paige, D. A.; Greenhagen, B. T.; Sullivan, M. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Foote, M. C.; Schofield, J. T.; Vasavada, A. R.; Preston, D. J.; Jau, B.; Loring, S.; Bulharowski, J.; Avis, C.; De Jong, E. M.; Hartford, W.; McCleese, D. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Calcutt, S.; Taylor, F. W.; Bowles, N. E.; Thomas, I. R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Allen, C. C.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Snook, K. J.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Jakosky, B. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murray, B. C.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Soderblom, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Paige, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM dap@moon.ucla.edu RI Greenhagen, Benjamin/C-3760-2016; OI Calcutt, Simon/0000-0002-0102-3170 NR 26 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 125 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9529-2 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700007 ER PT J AU Gladstone, GR Stern, SA Retherford, KD Black, RK Slater, DC Davis, MW Versteeg, MH Persson, KB Parker, JW Kaufmann, DE Egan, AF Greathouse, TK Feldman, PD Hurley, D Pryor, WR Hendrix, AR AF Gladstone, G. Randall Stern, S. Alan Retherford, Kurt D. Black, Ronald K. Slater, David C. Davis, Michael W. Versteeg, Maarten H. Persson, Kristian B. Parker, Joel W. Kaufmann, David E. Egan, Anthony F. Greathouse, Thomas K. Feldman, Paul D. Hurley, Dana Pryor, Wayne R. Hendrix, Amanda R. TI LAMP: The Lyman Alpha Mapping Project on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Lunar; Ultraviolet; LRO; Lyman-alpha ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER; RADIATION-FIELD; SOUTH-POLE; ATMOSPHERE; MOON; DEPOSITS; ALICE; ICE; TEMPERATURES; REANALYSIS AB The Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) is a far-ultraviolet (FUV) imaging spectrograph on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission. Its main objectives are to (i) identify and localize exposed water frost in permanently shadowed regions (PSRs), (ii) characterize landforms and albedos in PSRs, (iii) demonstrate the feasibility of using natural starlight and sky-glow illumination for future lunar surface mission applications, and (iv) characterize the lunar atmosphere and its variability. As a byproduct, LAMP will map a large fraction of the Moon at FUV wavelengths, allowing new studies of the microphysical and reflectance properties of the regolith. The LAMP FUV spectrograph will accomplish these objectives by measuring the signal reflected from the night-side lunar surface and in PSRs using both the interplanetary HI Lyman-alpha sky-glow and FUV starlight as light sources. Both these light sources provide fairly uniform, but faint, illumination. With the expected LAMP sensitivity, by the end of the primary 1-year LRO mission, the SNR for a Lyman-alpha albedo map should be > 100 in polar regions > 1 km(2), providing useful FUV constraints to help characterize subtle compositional and structural features. The LAMP instrument is based on the flight-proven Alice series of spectrographs flying on the Rosetta comet mission and the New Horizons Pluto mission. A general description of the LAMP instrument and its initial ground calibration results are presented here. C1 [Gladstone, G. Randall; Retherford, Kurt D.; Black, Ronald K.; Slater, David C.; Davis, Michael W.; Versteeg, Maarten H.; Persson, Kristian B.; Greathouse, Thomas K.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Stern, S. Alan; Parker, Joel W.; Kaufmann, David E.; Egan, Anthony F.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Feldman, Paul D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hurley, Dana] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Pryor, Wayne R.] Cent Arizona Coll, Coolidge, AZ 85228 USA. [Hendrix, Amanda R.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gladstone, GR (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM rgladstone@swri.edu RI Hurley, Dana/F-4488-2015; OI Hurley, Dana/0000-0003-1052-1494; Retherford, Kurt/0000-0001-9470-150X; Greathouse, Thomas/0000-0001-6613-5731 FU NASA [NNG05EC87C] FX We wish to thank the entire LAMP proposal team at SwRI, as well as Ossy Siegmund, John Vallerga and Rick Raffanti at Sensor Sciences, and Craig Tooley, Arlin Bartels, Mary Reden, Jo-Anne Baker, Gordon Chin, John Keller, and Rich Vondrak of the LRO Project Office at NASA GSFC. This work was supported by NASA contract NNG05EC87C. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 161 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9578-6 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700008 ER PT J AU Mitrofanov, IG Bartels, A Bobrovnitsky, YI Boynton, W Chin, G Enos, H Evans, L Floyd, S Garvin, J Golovin, DV Grebennikov, AS Harshman, K Kazakov, LL Keller, J Konovalov, AA Kozyrev, AS Krylov, AR Litvak, ML Malakhov, AV McClanahan, T Milikh, GM Mokrousov, MI Ponomareva, S Sagdeev, RZ Sanin, AB Shevchenko, VV Shvetsov, VN Starr, R Timoshenko, GN Tomilina, TM Tretyakov, VI Trombka, J Troshin, VS Uvarov, VN Varennikov, AB Vostrukhin, AA AF Mitrofanov, I. G. Bartels, A. Bobrovnitsky, Y. I. Boynton, W. Chin, G. Enos, H. Evans, L. Floyd, S. Garvin, J. Golovin, D. V. Grebennikov, A. S. Harshman, K. Kazakov, L. L. Keller, J. Konovalov, A. A. Kozyrev, A. S. Krylov, A. R. Litvak, M. L. Malakhov, A. V. McClanahan, T. Milikh, G. M. Mokrousov, M. I. Ponomareva, S. Sagdeev, R. Z. Sanin, A. B. Shevchenko, V. V. Shvetsov, V. N. Starr, R. Timoshenko, G. N. Tomilina, T. M. Tretyakov, V. I. Trombka, J. Troshin, V. S. Uvarov, V. N. Varennikov, A. B. Vostrukhin, A. A. TI Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector for the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Moon; Neutrons emission; Surface composition; Radiationbackground ID POLAR HYDROGEN DEPOSITS; MOON AB The design of the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) experiment is presented, which was optimized to address several of the primary measurement requirements of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO): high spatial resolution hydrogen mapping of the Moon's upper-most surface, identification of putative deposits of appreciable near-surface water ice in the Moon's polar cold traps, and characterization of the human-relevant space radiation environment in lunar orbit. A comprehensive program of LEND instrument physical calibrations is discussed and the baseline scenario of LEND observations from the primary LRO lunar orbit is presented. LEND data products will be useful for determining the next stages of the emerging global lunar exploration program, and they will facilitate the study of the physics of hydrogen implantation and diffusion in the regolith, test the presence of water ice deposits in lunar cold polar traps, and investigate the role of neutrons within the radiation environment of the shallow lunar surface. C1 [Mitrofanov, I. G.; Golovin, D. V.; Konovalov, A. A.; Kozyrev, A. S.; Litvak, M. L.; Malakhov, A. V.; Mokrousov, M. I.; Sanin, A. B.; Tretyakov, V. I.; Troshin, V. S.; Uvarov, V. N.; Varennikov, A. B.; Vostrukhin, A. A.] Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Shevchenko, V. V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Krylov, A. R.; Shvetsov, V. N.; Timoshenko, G. N.] Joint Inst Nucl Energy, Moscow 141980, Russia. [Bobrovnitsky, Y. I.; Grebennikov, A. S.; Ponomareva, S.; Tomilina, T. M.] AA Blagonravov Mech Engn Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. [Kazakov, L. L.] All Russian Res Inst Atom Reactors, Dimitrovgrad 10433510, Russia. [Milikh, G. M.; Sagdeev, R. Z.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bartels, A.; Chin, G.; Floyd, S.; Garvin, J.; Keller, J.; McClanahan, T.; Trombka, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Boynton, W.; Enos, H.; Harshman, K.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Starr, R.] Catholic Univ, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Evans, L.] Comp Sci Corp, Glenn Dale, MD 20706 USA. RP Mitrofanov, IG (reprint author), Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia. EM imitrofa@space.ru RI McClanahan, Timothy/C-8164-2012; Chin, Gordon/E-1520-2012; Keller, John/I-5097-2013 NR 19 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 183 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9608-4 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700009 ER PT J AU Smith, DE Zuber, MT Jackson, GB Cavanaugh, JF Neumann, GA Riris, H Sun, XL Zellar, RS Coltharp, C Connelly, J Katz, RB Kleyner, I Liiva, P Matuszeski, A Mazarico, EM McGarry, JF Novo-Gradac, AM Ott, MN Peters, C Ramos-Izquierdo, LA Ramsey, L Rowlands, DD Schmidt, S Scott, VS Shaw, GB Smith, JC Swinski, JP Torrence, MH Unger, G Yu, AW Zagwodzki, TW AF Smith, David E. Zuber, Maria T. Jackson, Glenn B. Cavanaugh, John F. Neumann, Gregory A. Riris, Haris Sun, Xiaoli Zellar, Ronald S. Coltharp, Craig Connelly, Joseph Katz, Richard B. Kleyner, Igor Liiva, Peter Matuszeski, Adam Mazarico, Erwan M. McGarry, Jan F. Novo-Gradac, Anne-Marie Ott, Melanie N. Peters, Carlton Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis A. Ramsey, Lawrence Rowlands, David D. Schmidt, Stephen Scott, V. Stanley, III Shaw, George B. Smith, James C. Swinski, Joseph-Paul Torrence, Mark H. Unger, Glenn Yu, Anthony W. Zagwodzki, Thomas W. TI The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter Investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Moon; Shape; Space instrumentation; Topography ID CLEMENTINE MISSION; MARS; TOPOGRAPHY; MOON; INSTRUMENT; SURFACE; SHAPE AB The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) is an instrument on the payload of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft (LRO) (Chin et al., in Space Sci. Rev. 129:391-419, 2007). The instrument is designed to measure the shape of the Moon by measuring precisely the range from the spacecraft to the lunar surface, and incorporating precision orbit determination of LRO, referencing surface ranges to the Moon's center of mass. LOLA has 5 beams and operates at 28 Hz, with a nominal accuracy of 10 cm. Its primary objective is to produce a global geodetic grid for the Moon to which all other observations can be precisely referenced. C1 [Zuber, Maria T.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Smith, David E.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Riris, Haris; Sun, Xiaoli; Mazarico, Erwan M.; McGarry, Jan F.; Rowlands, David D.; Scott, V. Stanley, III; Swinski, Joseph-Paul; Zagwodzki, Thomas W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jackson, Glenn B.; Cavanaugh, John F.; Zellar, Ronald S.; Coltharp, Craig; Connelly, Joseph; Katz, Richard B.; Kleyner, Igor; Matuszeski, Adam; Novo-Gradac, Anne-Marie; Ott, Melanie N.; Peters, Carlton; Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis A.; Ramsey, Lawrence; Schmidt, Stephen; Shaw, George B.; Smith, James C.; Unger, Glenn; Yu, Anthony W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Adv Engn Technol Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Torrence, Mark H.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Liiva, Peter] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Zuber, MT (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM zuber@mit.edu RI Rowlands, David/D-2751-2012; Scott, Vibart/B-5086-2013; Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; McGarry, Jan/C-4109-2013; Riris, Haris/D-1004-2013; Neumann, Gregory/I-5591-2013; Mazarico, Erwan/N-6034-2014 OI Neumann, Gregory/0000-0003-0644-9944; Mazarico, Erwan/0000-0003-3456-427X NR 38 TC 167 Z9 179 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 209 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9512-y PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700010 ER PT J AU Nozette, S Spudis, P Bussey, B Jensen, R Raney, K Winters, H Lichtenberg, CL Marinelli, W Crusan, J Gates, M Robinson, M AF Nozette, Stewart Spudis, Paul Bussey, Ben Jensen, Robert Raney, Keith Winters, Helene Lichtenberg, Christopher L. Marinelli, William Crusan, Jason Gates, Michele Robinson, Mark TI The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) Technology Demonstration SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter; Mini RF; Lunar poles ID SOUTH-POLE; RADAR EXPERIMENT; ICE; DEPOSITS; MOON; SAR AB The Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) system is manifested on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) as a technology demonstration and an extended mission science instrument. Mini-RF represents a significant step forward in spaceborne RF technology and architecture. It combines synthetic aperture radar (SAR) at two wavelengths (S-band and X-band) and two resolutions (150 m and 30 m) with interferometric and communications functionality in one lightweight (16 kg) package. Previous radar observations (Earth-based, and one bistatic data set from Clementine) of the permanently shadowed regions of the lunar poles seem to indicate areas of high circular polarization ratio (CPR) consistent with volume scattering from volatile deposits (e.g. water ice) buried at shallow (0.1-1 m) depth, but only at unfavorable viewing geometries, and with inconclusive results. The LRO Mini-RF utilizes new wideband hybrid polarization architecture to measure the Stokes parameters of the reflected signal. These data will help to differentiate "true" volumetric ice reflections from "false" returns due to angular surface regolith. Additional lunar science investigations (e.g. pyroclastic deposit characterization) will also be attempted during the LRO extended mission. LRO's lunar operations will be contemporaneous with India's Chandrayaan-1, which carries the Forerunner Mini-SAR (S-band wavelength and 150-m resolution), and bistatic radar (S-Band) measurements may be possible. On orbit calibration, procedures for LRO Mini-RF have been validated using Chandrayaan 1 and ground-based facilities (Arecibo and Greenbank Radio Observatories). C1 [Bussey, Ben; Jensen, Robert; Raney, Keith; Winters, Helene] Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Nozette, Stewart; Spudis, Paul] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Lichtenberg, Christopher L.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Marinelli, William; Crusan, Jason; Gates, Michele] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Robinson, Mark] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Bussey, B (reprint author), Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Ben.Bussey@jhuapl.edu NR 18 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 285 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9607-5 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700012 ER PT S AU Balasubramanian, K Shaklan, SB Pueyo, L Wilson, DW Guyon, O AF Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham Shaklan, Stuart B. Pueyo, Laurent Wilson, Daniel W. Guyon, Olivier BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Low-cost high-precision PIAA optics for high contrast imaging with exo-planet coronagraphs SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE PIAA; pupil remapping; high-contrast imaging; coronagraphy; optical fabrication ID INDUCED AMPLITUDE APODIZATION AB PIAA optics for high contrast imaging present challenges in manufacturing and testing due to their large surface departures from aspheric profiles at the aperture edges. With smaller form factors and consequent smaller surface deformations (<50 microns), fabrication of these mirrors with diamond turning followed by electron beam lithographic techniques becomes feasible. Though such a design reduces the system throughput to similar to 50%, it still provides good performance down to 2 lambda/D inner working angle. With new achromatic focal plane mask designs, the system performance can be further improved. We report on the design, expected performance, fabrication challenges, and initial assessment of such novel PIAA optics. C1 [Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Shaklan, Stuart B.; Pueyo, Laurent; Wilson, Daniel W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kbala@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77314U DI 10.1117/12.858284 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600156 ER PT S AU Barry, RK Lindler, D Deming, LD A'Hearn, MF Ballard, S Carcich, B Charbonneau, D Christiansen, J Hewagama, T McFadden, L Wellnitz, D AF Barry, R. K. Lindler, D. Deming, L. D. A'Hearn, M. F. Ballard, S. Carcich, B. Charbonneau, D. Christiansen, J. Hewagama, T. McFadden, L. Wellnitz, D. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Development and Utilization of a Point Spread Function for the Extrasolar Planet Observation and Characterization/Deep Impact Extended Investigation (EPOXI) Mission SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DIXI; EPOCh; Deep Impact; GL436; HAT-P-7; TRES-2; TRES-3; WASP-3; XO-2; drizzle ID DEEP IMPACT; INSTRUMENT; IMAGES AB The Extrasolar Planet Observation Characterization and the Deep Impact Extended Investigation missions (EPOXI) are currently observing the transits of exoplanets, a comet nucleus at short range, and Earth using the High Resolution Instrument (HRI) - a 0.3 m f/35 telescope - on the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft. The HRI is in a permanently defocused state with the instrument point of focus about 0.6 cm before the focal plane due to the use of a reference flat mirror that became a powered optic due to thermal warping during ground thermal-vacuum testing. Consequently, the point spread function (PSF) covers approximately nine pixels FWHM and is characterized by a patch with three-fold symmetry due to the three-point support structures of the primary and secondary mirrors. The PSF is also strongly color dependent varying in shape and size with change in filtration and target color. While defocus is highly desirable for exoplanet transit observations to limit sensitivity to intra-pixel variation, it is suboptimal for observations of spatially resolved targets. Consequently, all images used in our analysis of such objects were deconvolved with an instrument PSF. The instrument PSF is also being used to optimize transit analysis. We discuss development and usage of an instrument PSF for these observations. C1 [Barry, R. K.; Deming, L. D.; Hewagama, T.; McFadden, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barry, RK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Hewagama, T/C-8488-2012; OI McFadden, Lucy/0000-0002-0537-9975 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77313D DI 10.1117/12.857585 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600108 ER PT S AU Belikov, R Pluzhnik, E Connelley, MS Witteborn, FC Greene, TP Lynch, DH Zell, PT Guyon, O AF Belikov, Ruslan Pluzhnik, Eugene Connelley, Michael S. Witteborn, Fred C. Greene, Thomas P. Lynch, Dana H. Zell, Peter T. Guyon, Olivier BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Laboratory demonstration of high-contrast imaging at 2 lambda/D on a temperature-stabilized testbed in air SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE extrasolar planets; high contrast; coronagraph; PIAA; wavefront correction ID INDUCED AMPLITUDE APODIZATION; DESIGN AB Direct imaging of extrasolar planets in visible light, and Earth-like planets in particular, is an exciting but difficult problem requiring a telescope imaging system with 10(-10) contrast at separations of 100mas and less. Furthermore, only a small 1-2m space telescope may be realistic for a mission in the foreseeable future, which puts strong demands on the performance of the imaging instrument. Fortunately, an efficient coronagraph called the Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph may enable Earth-like planet imaging for such small telescopes if any exist around the nearest stars. In this paper, we report on the latest results from a testbed at the NASA Ames Research Center focused on testing the PIAA coronagraph. This laboratory facility was built in 2008 and is designed to be flexible, operated in a highly stabilized air environment, and to complement efforts at NASA JPL's High Contrast Imaging Testbed. For our wavefront control we are focusing on using small Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System deformable mirrors (MEMS DMs), which promises to reduce the size of the beam and overall instrument, a consideration that becomes very important for small telescopes. In this paper, we briefly describe our lab and methods, including the new active thermal control system, and report the demonstration of 5.4x10(-8) average raw contrast in a dark zone from 2.0 - 5.2 lambda/D. In addition, we present an analysis of our current limits and solutions to overcome them. C1 [Belikov, Ruslan; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Connelley, Michael S.; Witteborn, Fred C.; Greene, Thomas P.; Lynch, Dana H.; Zell, Peter T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Belikov, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Ruslan.belikov@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77312D DI 10.1117/12.857952 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600073 ER PT S AU Benford, DJ Mundy, LG AF Benford, Dominic J. Mundy, Lee G. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI WISPIR: A Wide-field Imaging SPectrograph for the InfraRed for the SPICA Observatory SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SPICA; SAFARI; far infrared Fourier transform spectrometer; long slit spectrometer; silicon grism ID WATER; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES; ARRAYS; PLANET AB We have undertaken a study of a far infrared imaging spectrometer based on a Fourier transform spectrometer that uses well-understood, high maturity optics, cryogenics, and detectors to further our knowledge of the chemical and astrophysical evolution of the Universe as it formed planets, stars, and the variety of galaxy morphologies that we observe today. The instrument, Wide-field Imaging Spectrometer for the InfraRed (WISPIR), would operate on the SPICA observatory, and will feature a spectral range from 34 - 210 microns and a spectral resolving power of R = 1,000 to 6,000, depending on wavelength. WISPIR provides a choice of full-field spectral imaging over a 2' x 2' field or long-slit spectral imaging along a 2' slit for studies of astrophysical structures in the local and high-redshift Universe. WISPIR in long-slit mode will attain a sensitivity two orders of magnitude better than what is currently available. C1 [Benford, Dominic J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Benford, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Dominic.Benford@nasa.gov RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77310T DI 10.1117/12.856495 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600023 ER PT S AU Bradford, CM Bock, J Holmes, W AF Bradford, C. M. Bock, James Holmes, Warren CA BLISS Study Team BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI The background-limited infrared-submillimeter spectrograph (BLISS) for SPICA: a design study SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Bolometer; TES; Far-IR Spectroscopy; Grating ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; BLACK-HOLES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; GALAXIES; SPECTROSCOPY; ACCRETION; GROWTH; SYSTEM; MASS; WAVE AB We are developing the Background-Limited Infrared-Submillimeter Spectrograph (BLISS) for SPICA to provide a breakthrough capability for far-IR survey spectroscopy. SPICAs large cold aperture allows mid-IR to submm observations which are limited only by the natural backgrounds, and BLISS is designed to operate near this fundamental limit. BLISS-SPICA is 6 orders of magnitude faster than the spectrometers on Herschel and SOFIA in obtaining full-band spectra. It enables spectroscopy of dust-obscured galaxies at all epochs back to the first billion years after the Big Bang (redshift 6), and study of all stages of planet formation in circumstellar disks. BLISS covers 35-433 microns range in five or six wavelength bands, and couples two 2 sky positions simultaneously. The instrument is cooled to 50 mK for optimal sensitivity with an on-board refrigerators. The detector package is 4224 silicon-nitride micro-mesh leg-isolated bolometers with superconducting transition-edge-sensed (TES) thermistors, read out with a cryogenic time-domain multiplexer. All technical elements of BLISS have heritage in mature scientic instruments, and many have own. We report on our design study in which we are optimizing performance while accommodating SPICAs constraints, including the stringent cryogenic mass budget. In particular, we present our progress in the optical design and waveguide spectrometer prototyping. A companion paper in Conference 7741 (Beyer et al.) discusses in greater detail the progress in the BLISS TES bolometer development. C1 [Bradford, C. M.; Bock, James; Holmes, Warren] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Bradford, CM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM matt.bradford@jpl.nasa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77310S DI 10.1117/12.857779 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600022 ER PT S AU Brugarolas, P Alexander, J Trauger, J Moody, D Egerman, R Vallone, P Elias, J Hejal, R Camelo, V Bronowicki, A O'Connor, D Patrick, R Orzechowski, P Spittler, C Lillie, C AF Brugarolas, Paul Alexander, James Trauger, John Moody, Dwight Egerman, Robert Vallone, Phillip Elias, Jason Hejal, Reem Camelo, Vanessa Bronowicki, Allen O'Connor, David Patrick, Richard Orzechowski, Pawel Spittler, Connie Lillie, Chuck BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI ACCESS Pointing Control System SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Pointing; Space Telescope; Coronagraph; Hexapod; Fine Steering Mirror; Fine Guidance Camera ID VIBRATION CONTROL; SENSOR AB ACCESS (Actively-Corrected Coronagraph for Exoplanet System Studies) was one of four medium-class exoplanet concepts selected for the NASA Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concept Study (ASMCS) program in 2008/2009 [14, 15]. The ACCESS study evaluated four major coronagraph concepts under a common space observatory. This paper describes the high precision pointing control system (PCS) baselined for this observatory. C1 [Brugarolas, Paul; Alexander, James; Trauger, John; Moody, Dwight] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Brugarolas, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77314V DI 10.1117/12.856518 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600157 ER PT S AU Caldwell, DA Van Cleve, JE Jenkins, JM Argabright, VS Kolodziejczak, JJ Dunham, EW Geary, JC Tenenbaum, P Chandrasekaran, H Li, J Wu, HL Von Wilpert, J AF Caldwell, Douglas A. Van Cleve, Jeffrey E. Jenkins, Jon M. Argabright, Vic S. Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Dunham, Edward W. Geary, John C. Tenenbaum, Peter Chandrasekaran, Hema Li, Jie Wu, Hayley Von Wilpert, Jason BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Kepler Instrument Performance: an In-flight Update SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kepler Mission; exoplanets; space telescopes; photometer; CCD AB The Kepler Mission is designed to detect the 80 parts per million (ppm) signal from an Earth-Sun equivalent transit. Such precision requires superb instrument stability on time scales up to 2 days and systematic error removal to better than 20 ppm. The sole scientific instrument is the Photometer, a 0.95 m aperture Schmidt telescope that feeds the 94.6 million pixel CCD detector array, which contains both Science and Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) CCDs. Since Kepler's launch in March 2009, we have been using the commissioning and science operations data to characterize the instrument and monitor its performance. We find that the in-flight detector properties of the focal plane, including bias levels, read noise, gain, linearity, saturation, FGS to Science crosstalk, and video crosstalk between Science CCDs, are essentially unchanged from their pre-launch values. Kepler's unprecedented sensitivity and stability in space have allowed us to measure both short- and long-term effects from cosmic rays, see interactions of previously known image artifacts with starlight, and uncover several unexpected systematics that affect photometric precision. Based on these results, we expect to attain Kepler's planned photometric precision over 90% of the field of view. C1 [Caldwell, Douglas A.; Van Cleve, Jeffrey E.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Chandrasekaran, Hema; Li, Jie; Wu, Hayley] NASA, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Caldwell, DA (reprint author), NASA, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM douglas.caldwell@nasa.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 773117 DI 10.1117/12.856638 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600031 ER PT S AU Clampin, M Smith, EP AF Clampin, Mark Smith, Eric P. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Overview of the James Webb Space Telescope Observatory SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large aperture, space telescope designed to provide imaging and spectroscopy from 1.0 mu m to 28 mu m. JWST will be launched to an orbit at L2 aboard an Ariane 5 launcher in 2013. The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is the lead center for the JWST program and manages the project for NASA. The prime contractor for JWST is Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (NGST). JWST is an international partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). ESA will contribute the Ariane 5 launch, and a multi-object infrared spectrograph. CSA will contribute the Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS), which includes the Tunable Filter Imager (TFI). The European consortium, in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), builds the mid-infrared imager (MIRI). In this paper we present an overview of the JWST science program, and discuss recent progress in the development of the observatory. C1 [Clampin, Mark] NASAs, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Clampin, M (reprint author), NASAs, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 773107 DI 10.1117/12.856443 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600005 ER PT S AU Content, DA Dittman, MG Firth, B Howard, JM Jackson, CE Lehan, JP Mentzell, JE Pasquale, BA Sholl, MJ AF Content, D. A. Dittman, M. G. Firth, B. Howard, J. M. Jackson, C. E. Lehan, J. P. Mentzell, J. E. Pasquale, B. A. Sholl, M. J. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Joint Dark Energy Mission optical design studies SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Space astrophysics; Dark Energy; wide field imaging; slitless spectroscopy; three mirror anastigmat ID SUPERNOVAE AB We present the latest optical design concepts for the Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM). This mission will tightly constrain the cosmological parameters describing the accelerating expansion of the universe. The current candidate designs are based on extensive examination of the interplay of requirements for the leading techniques being considered for space borne observation: Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO), Type Ia Supernovae (SN), and gravitational Weak Lensing (WL). All techniques require very large fields of view across the visible/near infrared spectrum; BAO uniquely requires a moderate dispersion wide field spectroscopy capability. Weak lensing requires very good stability and knowledge of the point spread function in order to enable detection of local variations in galaxy ellipticities caused by the intervening dark matter. SN imaging spectroscopy should be done to high photometric signal to noise in order to make best use of these 'standard candles.' We have studied medium class and smaller, "Probe" class implementations enabling from one to three of these techniques. We describe two concepts that were submitted to the 2010 Astrophysics Decadal review as well as current concepts. C1 [Content, D. A.; Howard, J. M.; Jackson, C. E.; Mentzell, J. E.; Pasquale, B. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Content, DA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77311D DI 10.1117/12.859144 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600037 ER PT S AU Dowell, CD Pohlen, M Pearson, C Griffin, M Lim, T Bendo, GJ Benielli, D Bock, JJ Chanial, P Clements, DL Conversi, L Ferlet, M Fulton, T Gastaud, R Glenn, J Grundy, T Guest, S King, KJ Leeks, SJ Levenson, L Lu, NY Morris, H Hien, N O'Halloran, B Oliver, S Panuzzo, P Papageorgiou, A Polehampton, E Rigopoulou, D Roussel, H Schneider, N Schulz, B Schwartz, A Shupe, DL Sibthorpe, B Sidher, S Smith, AJ Swinyard, BM Trichas, M Valtchanov, I Woodcraft, AL Xu, CK Zhang, LJ AF Dowell, C. Darren Pohlen, Michael Pearson, Chris Griffin, Matt Lim, Tanya Bendo, George J. Benielli, Dominique Bock, James J. Chanial, Pierre Clements, Dave L. Conversi, Luca Ferlet, Marc Fulton, Trevor Gastaud, Rene Glenn, Jason Grundy, Tim Guest, Steve King, Ken J. Leeks, Sarah J. Levenson, Louis Lu, Nanyao Morris, Huw Hien Nguyen O'Halloran, Brian Oliver, Seb Panuzzo, Pasquale Papageorgiou, Andreas Polehampton, Edward Rigopoulou, Dimitra Roussel, Helene Schneider, Nicola Schulz, Bernhard Schwartz, Arnold Shupe, David L. Sibthorpe, Bruce Sidher, Sunil Smith, Anthony J. Swinyard, Bruce M. Trichas, Markos Valtchanov, Ivan Woodcraft, Adam L. Xu, C. Kevin Zhang, Lijun BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Status of the SPIRE Photometer Data Processing Pipelines During the Early Phases of the Herschel Mission SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Herschel Space Observatory; far infrared; imaging; bolometer AB We describe the current state of the ground segment of Herschel-SPIRE photometer data processing, approximately one year into the mission. The SPIRE photometer operates in two modes: scan mapping and chopped point source photometry. For each mode, the basic analysis pipeline - which follows in reverse the effects from the incidence of light on the telescope to the storage of samples from the detector electronics - is essentially the same as described pre-launch. However, the calibration parameters and detailed numerical algorithms have advanced due to the availability of commissioning and early science observations, resulting in reliable pipelines which produce accurate and sensitive photometry and maps at 250, 350, and 500 mu m with minimal residual artifacts. We discuss some detailed aspects of the pipelines on the topics of: detection of cosmic ray glitches, linearization of detector response, correction for focal plane temperature drift, subtraction of detector baselines (offsets), absolute calibration, and basic map making. Several of these topics are still under study with the promise of future enhancements to the pipelines. C1 [Dowell, C. Darren; Bock, James J.; Hien Nguyen] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Dowell, CD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM cdd@astro.caltech.edu; Michael.Pohlen@astro.cf.ac.uk; chris.pearson@stfc.ac.uk NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 773136 DI 10.1117/12.858035 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600102 ER PT S AU Feinberg, LD Keski-Kuha, R Atkinson, C Texter, SC AF Feinberg, Lee D. Keski-Kuha, Ritva Atkinson, Charlie Texter, Scott C. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Results, Status and Plans for the James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Space Telescope; JWST; OTE; James Webb Space Telescope AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope Element has completed its Critical Design Review and is well into fabrication. This paper will summarize efforts to date in the design, manufacturing and planning for integration and testing. This will include a top level summary of mirror performance to date, hardware results, and planning status for the integration and testing program. The future plans for manufacturing, assembly, alignment and testing will also be summarized at a top level. C1 [Feinberg, Lee D.; Keski-Kuha, Ritva] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Feinberg, LD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77310A DI 10.1117/12.855796 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600007 ER PT S AU Feinberg, LD Keski-Kuha, R Atkinson, C Texter, SC AF Feinberg, Lee D. Keski-Kuha, Ritva Atkinson, Charlie Texter, Scott C. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Use of a Pathfinder Optical Telescope Element for James Webb Space Telescope Risk Mitigation SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Space Telescope; JWST; OTE; James Webb Space Telescope; Pathfinder; Risk AB A Pathfinder of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope Element is being developed to check out critical ground support equipment and to rehearse integration and testing procedures. This paper provides a summary of the baseline Pathfinder configuration and architecture, objectives of this effort, limitations of Pathfinder, status of its development, and future plans. Special attention is paid to risks that will be mitigated by Pathfinder. C1 [Feinberg, Lee D.; Keski-Kuha, Ritva] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Feinberg, LD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR UNSP 77313T DI 10.1117/12.855800 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600124 ER PT S AU Greene, T Beichman, C Gully-Santiago, M Jaffe, D Kelly, D Krist, J Rieke, M Smith, EH AF Greene, Thomas Beichman, Charles Gully-Santiago, Michael Jaffe, Daniel Kelly, Douglas Krist, John Rieke, Marcia Smith, Eric H. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI NIRCam: Development and Testing of the JWST Near-Infrared Camera SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE JWST; NIRCam; infrared; astronomical instruments; space telescopes ID SPACE AB The Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) is one of the four science instruments of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Its high sensitivity, high spatial resolution images over the 0.6 - 5 mu m wavelength region will be essential for making significant findings in many science areas as well as for aligning the JWST primary mirror segments and telescope. The NIRCam engineering test unit was recently assembled and has undergone successful cryogenic testing. The NIRCam collimator and camera optics and their mountings are also progressing, with a brass-board system demonstrating relatively low wavefront error across a wide field of view. The flight model's long-wavelength Si grisms have been fabricated, and its coronagraph masks are now being made. Both the short (0.6 - 2.3 mu m) and long (2.4 - 5.0 mu m) wavelength flight detectors show good performance and are undergoing final assembly and testing. The flight model subsystems should all be completed later this year through early 2011, and NIRCam will be cryogenically tested in the first half of 2011 before delivery to the JWST integrated science instrument module (ISIM). C1 [Greene, Thomas] NASAs, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Greene, T (reprint author), NASAs, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM tom.greene@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77310C DI 10.1117/12.856615 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600009 ER PT S AU Greenhouse, MA Drury, MP Dunn, JL Glazer, SD Greville, E Henegar, G Johnson, EL Lundquist, R McCloskey, JC Ohl, RG Rashford, RA Voyton, MF AF Greenhouse, Matthew A. Drury, Michael P. Dunn, Jamie L. Glazer, Stuart D. Greville, Ed Henegar, Gregory Johnson, Eric L. Lundquist, Ray McCloskey, John C. Ohl, Raymond G. Rashford, Robert A. Voyton, Mark F. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Status of the James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module System SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE JWST; Instrumentation AB The Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is discussed from a systems perspective with emphasis on development status and advanced technology aspects. The ISIM is one of three elements that comprise the JWST space vehicle and is the science instrument payload of the JWST. The major subsystems of this flight element and their build status are described. C1 [Greenhouse, Matthew A.; Drury, Michael P.; Dunn, Jamie L.; Glazer, Stuart D.; Greville, Ed; Henegar, Gregory; Johnson, Eric L.; Lundquist, Ray; McCloskey, John C.; Ohl, Raymond G.; Rashford, Robert A.; Voyton, Mark F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Greenhouse, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM matt.greenhouse@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 773108 DI 10.1117/12.856293 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600006 ER PT S AU Hickey, G Ealey, M Redding, D AF Hickey, Gregory Ealey, Mark Redding, David BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Actuated Hybrid Mirrors for Space Telescopes SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Active optics; space telescopes; nanolaminates; silicon carbide; wavefront sensing; wavefront control AB This paper describes new, large, ultra-lightweight, replicated, actively controlled mirrors, for use in space telescopes. These mirrors utilize SiC substrates, with embedded solid-state actuators, bonded to Nanolaminate metal foil reflective surfaces. Called Actuated Hybrid Mirrors (AHMs), they use replication techniques for high optical quality as well as rapid, low cost manufacturing. They enable an Active Optics space telescope architecture that uses periodic image-based wavefront sensing and control to assure diffraction-limited performance, while relaxing optical system fabrication, integration and test requirements. C1 [Hickey, Gregory; Redding, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hickey, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM david.c.redding@jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 773120 DI 10.1117/12.858217 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600060 ER PT S AU Hopkins, RC Capizzo, P Fincher, S Hornsby, LS Jones, D Mosier, G Stahl, HP Thomas, D Thompson, KS AF Hopkins, Randall C. Capizzo, Peter Fincher, Sharon Hornsby, Linda S. Jones, David Mosier, Gary Stahl, H. Philip Thomas, Dan Thompson, Kevin S. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Spacecraft conceptual design for the 8-meter Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ATLAST; large aperture space telescope; monolithic mirror; astronomy; exo-planets AB The Advanced Concepts Office at Marshall Space Flight Center completed a brief spacecraft design study for the 8-meter monolithic Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST-8m). This spacecraft concept provides all power, communication, telemetry, avionics, guidance and control, and thermal control for the observatory, and inserts the observatory into a halo orbit about the second Sun-Earth Lagrange point. The multidisciplinary design team created a simple spacecraft design that enables component and science instrument servicing, employs articulating solar panels for help with momentum management, and provides precise pointing control while at the same time fast slewing for the observatory. C1 [Hopkins, Randall C.; Fincher, Sharon; Jones, David; Stahl, H. Philip; Thomas, Dan] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hopkins, RC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Randall.Hopkins@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77312Q DI 10.1117/12.856474 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600086 ER PT S AU Hornsby, L Hopkins, RC Stahl, HP AF Hornsby, Linda Hopkins, Randall C. Stahl, H. Philip BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Thermal analysis of the Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) 8 meter primary mirror SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ATLAST; thermal analysis; large space telescope; space telescope thermal stability AB The Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) preliminary design concept consists of an 8 meter diameter monolithic primary mirror enclosed in an insulated, optical tube with stray light baffles and a sunshade. ATLAST will be placed in orbit about the Sun-Earth L2 point and will experience constant exposure to the sun. The insulation on the optical tube and sunshade serve to cold bias the telescope which helps to minimize thermal gradients. The objective is to maintain the primary mirror at 280K with an active thermal control system. The geometric model of the primary mirror, optical tube, sun baffles, and sunshade was developed using Thermal Desktop (R)(1). A detailed model of the primary mirror was required in order to characterize the static performance and thermal stability of the mirror during maneuvers. This is important because long exposure observations, such as extrasolar terrestrial planet finding and characterization, require a very stable observatory wave front. Steady state thermal analyses served to predict mirror temperatures for several different sun angles. Transient analyses were performed in order to predict thermal time constant of the primary mirror for a 20 degree slew and a 30 degree roll maneuver. This paper describes the thermal model and provides details of the geometry, thermo-optical properties, and the solar environment that influences the thermal performance. All assumptions that were used in the analysis are also documented. Estimates of mirror heater power requirements are reported. The thermal model is used to predict gradients across and through the primary mirror using an idealized boundary temperature on the back and sides of the mirror of 280 K. C1 [Hornsby, Linda] George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Jacobs ESTS Grp, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hornsby, L (reprint author), George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Jacobs ESTS Grp, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Linda.S.Hornsby@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77312R DI 10.1117/12.857384 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600087 ER PT S AU Kogut, AJ Chuss, DT Dotson, JL Fixsen, DJ Halpern, M Hinshaw, GF Meyer, SM Moseley, SH Seiffert, MD Spergel, DN Wollack, EJ AF Kogut, Alan J. Chuss, David T. Dotson, Jessie L. Fixsen, Dale J. Halpern, Mark Hinshaw, Gary F. Meyer, Stephan M. Moseley, S. Harvey Seiffert, Michael D. Spergel, David N. Wollack, Edward J. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) Mission SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE cosmic microwave background; polarization; FTS; bolometer ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; POLARIZATION; ANISOTROPY AB The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) is an Explorer-class mission to map the absolute intensity and linear polarization of the cosmic microwave background and diffuse astrophysical foregrounds over the full sky from frequencies 30 GHz to 6 THz (1 cm to 50 mu m wavelength). PIXIE uses a polarizing Michelson interferometer with 2.7 K optics to measure the difference spectrum between two orthogonal linear polarizations from two co-aligned beams. Either input can view either the sky or a temperature-controlled absolute reference blackbody calibrator. The multi-moded optics and high etendu provide sensitivity comparable to kilo-pixel focal plane arrays, but with greatly expanded frequency coverage while using only 4 detectors total. PIXIE builds on the highly successful COBE/FIRAS design by adding large-area polarization-sensitive detectors whose fully symmetric optics are maintained in thermal equilibrium with the CMB. The highly symmetric nulled design provides redundant rejection of major sources of systematic uncertainty. The principal science goal is the detection and characterization of linear polarization from an inflationary epoch in the early universe, with tensor-to-scalar ratio r << 10(-3). PIXIE will also return a rich data set constraining physical processes ranging from Big Bang cosmology, reionization, and large-scale structure to the local interstellar medium. C1 [Kogut, Alan J.; Chuss, David T.; Fixsen, Dale J.; Hinshaw, Gary F.; Moseley, S. Harvey; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kogut, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alan.J.Kogut@nasa.gov RI Chuss, David/D-8281-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77311S DI 10.1117/12.857080 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600052 ER PT S AU Krist, JE Balasubramanian, K Muller, RE Shaklan, SB Kelly, DM Wilson, DW Beichman, CA Serabyn, E Mao, Y Echternach, PM Trauger, JT Liewer, KM AF Krist, John E. Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham Muller, Richard E. Shaklan, Stuart B. Kelly, Douglas M. Wilson, Daniel W. Beichman, Charles A. Serabyn, Eugene Mao, Yalan Echternach, Pierre M. Trauger, John T. Liewer, Kurt M. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI The JWST/NIRCam coronagraph flight occulters SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE James Webb Space Telescope; NIRCam; coronagraph; extrasolar planets ID WEBB-SPACE-TELESCOPE AB The NIRCam instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope will have a Lyot coronagraph for high contrast imaging of extrasolar planets and circumstellar disks lambda=2 -5 mu m. Half-tone patterns are used to create graded-transmission image plane masks. These are generated using electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching of a metal layer on an antireflection coated sapphire substrate. We report here on the manufacture and evaluation of the flight occulters. C1 [Krist, John E.; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Muller, Richard E.; Shaklan, Stuart B.; Wilson, Daniel W.; Beichman, Charles A.; Serabyn, Eugene; Echternach, Pierre M.; Trauger, John T.; Liewer, Kurt M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Krist, JE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77313J DI 10.1117/12.856488 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600114 ER PT S AU Krist, JE Pueyo, L Shaklan, SB AF Krist, John E. Pueyo, Laurent Shaklan, Stuart B. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Practical numerical propagation of arbitrary wavefronts through PIAA optics SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Coronagraph; PIAA; propagation algorithms ID AMPLITUDE APODIZATION CORONAGRAPH AB The phase-induced amplitude apodization (PIAA) coronagraph utilizes highly aspheric optics to produce a strongly apodized beam without the large loss of light that would result from using a graded transmission mask. The rapid variations in surface curvature at the edge of the PIAA apodizing optic creates large wavefront phase changes that cannot be adequately represented in conventional Fourier-based diffraction propagation algorithms. A rapid technique is required for propagating arbitrarily-aberrated wavefronts through the system. An alternative numerical method has been proposed that combines a high-accuracy algorithm to compute edge diffraction effects with a quick modified angular spectrum propagator that handles wavefront errors. We present the results of applying this method to realistically aberrated wavefronts as compared to more complex and time consuming techniques. C1 [Krist, John E.; Pueyo, Laurent; Shaklan, Stuart B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Krist, JE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77314N DI 10.1117/12.856490 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600151 ER PT S AU Kutyrev, AS Moseley, SH Golisano, C Gong, Q Allen, BT Gehrels, N Grindlay, JE Hong, JS Woodgate, BE AF Kutyrev, A. S. Moseley, S. H. Golisano, C. Gong, Q. Allen, B. T. Gehrels, N. Grindlay, J. E. Hong, J. S. Woodgate, B. E. CA EXIST Team BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI The design and capabilities of the EXIST optical and infra-red telescope (IRT) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE infrared spectroscopy; space telescope; gamma ray bursts; early universe ID CALIBRATION; DETECTORS AB The Infra-Red Telescope is a critical element of the EXIST (Energetic X-Ray Imaging Survey Telescope) observatory. The primary goal of the IRT is to obtain photometric and spectroscopic measurements of high redshift (>= 6) gamma ray reaching to the epoque of reionization. The photometric and spectral capabilities of the IRT will allow to use GRB afterglow as probes of the composition and ionization state of the intergalactic medium of the young universe. A prompt follow up (within three minutes) of the transient discovered by the EXIST makes IRT a unique tool for detection and study of these events in the infrared and optical wavelength, which is particularly valuable at wavelengths unavailable to the ground based observatories. We present the results of the mission study development on the IRT as part of the EXIST observatory. C1 [Kutyrev, A. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, UMd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kutyrev, AS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, UMd, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM alexander.kutyrev@nasa.gov RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Woodgate, Bruce/D-2970-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77311Z DI 10.1117/12.858309 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600059 ER PT S AU Lyon, RG Oegerle, WR Feinberg, LD Bolcar, MR Dean, BH Mosier, GE Postman, M AF Lyon, Richard G. Oegerle, William R. Feinberg, Lee D. Bolcar, Matthew R. Dean, Bruce H. Mosier, Gary E. Postman, Marc BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Coronagraphic wavefront control for the ATLAST-9.2m telescope SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Large space telescopes; segmented telescopes; coronagraph; wavefront sensing; wavefront control AB The Advanced Technology for Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) concept was assessed as one of the NASA Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concepts (ASMC) studies. Herein we discuss the 9.2-meter diameter segmented aperture version and its wavefront sensing and control (WFSC) with regards to coronagraphic detection and spectroscopic characterization of exoplanets. The WFSC would consist of at least two levels of sensing and control: (i) an outer coarser level of sensing and control to phase and control the segments and secondary mirror in a manner similar to the James Webb Space Telescope but operating at higher temporal bandwidth, and (ii) an inner, coronagraphic instrument based, fine level of sensing and control for both amplitude and wavefront errors operating at higher temporal bandwidths. The outer loop would control rigid-body actuators on the primary and secondary mirrors while the inner loop would control one or more segmented deformable mirror to suppress the starlight within the coronagraphic field-of-view. Herein we discuss the visible nulling coronagraph (VNC) and the requirements it levies on wavefront sensing and control and show the results of closed-loop simulations to assess performance and evaluate the trade space of system level stability versus control bandwidth. C1 [Lyon, Richard G.; Oegerle, William R.; Feinberg, Lee D.; Bolcar, Matthew R.; Dean, Bruce H.; Mosier, Gary E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lyon, RG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM richard.g.lyon@nasa.gov RI Oegerle, William/C-9070-2012 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77312S DI 10.1117/12.857498 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600088 ER PT S AU Lyon, RG Clampin, M Woodruff, RA Vasudevan, G Thompson, P Chen, A Petrone, P Booth, A Madison, T Bolcar, M Noecker, MC Kendrick, S Melnick, G Tolls, V AF Lyon, Richard G. Clampin, Mark Woodruff, Robert A. Vasudevan, Gopal Thompson, Patrick Chen, Andrew Petrone, Peter Booth, Andrew Madison, Timothy Bolcar, Matthew Noecker, M. Charley Kendrick, Stephen Melnick, Gary Tolls, Volker BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Visible Nulling Coronagraphy Testbed Development for Exoplanet Detection SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Exosolar planets; visible nulling coronagraph; visible nulling interferometer; coronagraph; wavefront control; null control; interferometry AB Three of the recently completed NASA Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concept (ASMC) studies addressed the feasibility of using a Visible Nulling Coronagraph (VNC) as the prime instrument for exoplanet science. The VNC approach is one of the few approaches that works with filled, segmented and sparse or diluted aperture telescope systems and thus spans the space of potential ASMC exoplanet missions. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has a well-established effort to develop VNC technologies and has developed an incremental sequence of VNC testbeds to advance the this approach and the technologies associated with it. Herein we report on the continued development of the vacuum Visible Nulling Coronagraph testbed (VNT). The VNT is an ultra-stable vibration isolated testbed that operates under high bandwidth closed-loop control within a vacuum chamber. It will be used to achieve an incremental sequence of three visible light nulling milestones of sequentially higher contrasts of 10(8), 10(9) and 10(10) at an inner working angle of 2*lambda/D and ultimately culminate in spectrally broadband (>20%) high contrast imaging. Each of the milestones, one per year, is traceable to one or more of the ASMC studies. The VNT uses a modified Mach-Zehnder nulling interferometer, modified with a modified "W" configuration to accommodate a hex-packed MEMS based deformable mirror, a coherent fiber bundle and achromatic phase shifters. Discussed will be the optical configuration laboratory results, critical technologies and the null sensing and control approach. C1 [Lyon, Richard G.; Clampin, Mark; Thompson, Patrick; Madison, Timothy; Bolcar, Matthew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lyon, RG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Richard.G.Lyon@nasa.gov RI Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77312B DI 10.1117/12.857472 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600071 ER PT S AU Lyon, RG Woodruff, RA Brown, R Noecker, MC Cheng, E AF Lyon, Richard G. Woodruff, Robert A. Brown, Robert Noecker, M. Charley Cheng, Edward BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Feasibility of Exoplanet Coronagraphy with the Hubble Space Telescope SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Hubble Space Telescope; coronagraphy; exoplanets; telescopes AB Herein we report on a preliminary study to assess the use of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) for the direct detection and spectroscopic characterization of exoplanets and debris disks - an application for which HST was not originally designed. Coronagraphic advances may enable the design of a science instrument that could achieve limiting contrasts similar to 10(9) beyond 275 milli-arcseconds (4 lambda/D at 800 nm) inner working angle, thereby enabling detection and characterization of several known jovian planets and imaging of debris disks. Advantages of using HST are that it already exists in orbit, it's primary mirror is thermally stable and it is the most characterized space telescope yet flown. However there is drift of the HST telescope, likely due to thermal effects crossing the terminator. The drift, however, is well characterized and consists of a larger deterministic components and a smaller stochastic component. It is the effect of this drift versus the sensing and control bandwidth of the instrument that would likely limit HST coronagraphic performance. Herein we discuss the science case, quantify the limiting factors and assess the feasibility of using HST for exoplanet discovery using a hypothetical new instrument. C1 [Lyon, Richard G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lyon, RG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Richard.G.Lyon@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 773111 DI 10.1117/12.857518 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600029 ER PT S AU Oegerle, WR Feinberg, LD Purves, LR Hyde, TT Thronson, HA Townsend, JA Postman, M Bolcar, MR Budinoff, JG Dean, BH Clampin, MC Ebbets, DC Gong, QA Gull, TR Howard, JM Jones, AL Lyon, RG Pasquale, BA Perrygo, C Smith, JS Thompson, PL Woodgate, BE AF Oegerle, William R. Feinberg, Lee D. Purves, Lloyd R. Hyde, T. Tupper Thronson, Harley A. Townsend, Jacqueline A. Postman, Marc Bolcar, Matthew R. Budinoff, Jason G. Dean, Bruce H. Clampin, Mark C. Ebbets, Dennis C. Gong, Qian Gull, Theodore R. Howard, Joseph M. Jones, Andrew L. Lyon, Richard G. Pasquale, Bert A. Perrygo, Charles Smith, Jeffrey S. Thompson, Patrick L. Woodgate, Bruce E. BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI ATLAST-9.2m: a large-aperture deployable space telescope SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Large space telescopes; deployable telescopes; telescope servicing AB We present results of a study of a deployable version of the Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST), designed to operate in a Sun-Earth L2 orbit. The primary mirror of the segmented 9.2-meter aperture has 36 hexagonal 1.315 m (flat-to-flat) glass mirrors. The architecture and folding of the telescope is similar to JWST, allowing it to fit into the 6.5 m fairing of a modest upgrade to the Delta-IV Heavy version of the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV). We discuss the overall observatory design, optical design, instruments, stray light, wavefront sensing and control, pointing and thermal control, and in-space servicing options. C1 [Oegerle, William R.; Feinberg, Lee D.; Purves, Lloyd R.; Hyde, T. Tupper; Thronson, Harley A.; Townsend, Jacqueline A.; Bolcar, Matthew R.; Budinoff, Jason G.; Dean, Bruce H.; Clampin, Mark C.; Gong, Qian; Gull, Theodore R.; Howard, Joseph M.; Jones, Andrew L.; Lyon, Richard G.; Pasquale, Bert A.; Perrygo, Charles; Smith, Jeffrey S.; Thompson, Patrick L.; Woodgate, Bruce E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Oegerle, WR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Oegerle, William/C-9070-2012; Woodgate, Bruce/D-2970-2012; Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012; Gull, Theodore/D-2753-2012; Thronson, Harley/E-3382-2012 OI Gull, Theodore/0000-0002-6851-5380; NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77312M DI 10.1117/12.857622 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600082 ER PT S AU Pasquale, BA Stahl, P Feinberg, L Howard, J Gong, QA Aronstein, D AF Pasquale, Bert A. Stahl, Philip Feinberg, Lee Howard, Joseph Gong, Qian Aronstein, David BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Comparative Concepts for ATLAST Optical Designs SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Space Telescope; Large Aperture; Segmented Mirror; Monolithic; Off-Axis Design; Optical Design AB The ATALST (Advanced Technology for Large Aperture Space Telescopes) effort has presented several design incarnations. Here we will compare the design and performance of the 9.2m segmented, the 8m monolithic on-axis and 8m x 6m off-axis concepts. C1 [Pasquale, Bert A.; Feinberg, Lee; Howard, Joseph; Gong, Qian; Aronstein, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Pasquale, BA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77312L DI 10.1117/12.857170 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600081 ER PT S AU Pravdo, SH Shaklan, SB Lisman, PD AF Pravdo, Steven H. Shaklan, Stuart B. Lisman, P. Douglas BE Oschmann, JM Clampin, MC MacEwen, HA TI Occulting Ozone Observatory ability to discover and locate single and multiple Earth-like planets in habitable zones SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Imaging; astrometry; planetary systems; Earth-like planets AB We present a study of the Occulting Ozone Observatory performance in observations of potential Earth-like planets around nearby solar-like stars. We use Monte Carlo techniques to simulate planetary systems and with assumptions about the signal-to-noise performance of the instrument we determine the significance of planetary system parameter determinations-for example, can we conclude that a particular planet's semi-major axis (SMA) is in the star's habitable zone? In addition to studying the dependence of the SMA determination on the number of observations and detections, we present results on the ability to disentangle and analyze the data from two-planet systems. C1 [Pravdo, Steven H.; Shaklan, Stuart B.; Lisman, P. Douglas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pravdo, SH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-221-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7731 AR 77314Z DI 10.1117/12.858300 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BSU78 UT WOS:000285835600161 ER EF