FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Tsurutani, BT
Lakhina, GS
Verkhoglyadova, OP
Gonzalez, WD
Echer, E
Guarnieri, FL
AF Tsurutani, B. T.
Lakhina, G. S.
Verkhoglyadova, O. P.
Gonzalez, W. D.
Echer, E.
Guarnieri, F. L.
TI A review of interplanetary discontinuities and their geomagnetic effects
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
DE Interplanetary discontinuities; Shocks; Auroras; Substorms
ID NONLINEAR ALFVEN WAVES; SOLAR-WIND DISCONTINUITIES; STORM SUDDEN
COMMENCEMENTS; POLAR MAGNETIC SUBSTORMS; RANKINE-HUGONIOT PROBLEM; MHD
INTERMEDIATE SHOCKS; MIRROR-MODE STRUCTURES; EARTHS BOW SHOCK;
DIRECTIONAL DISCONTINUITIES; TANGENTIAL DISCONTINUITIES
AB Interplanetary discontinuities and their geomagnetic effects are reviewed for magnetospheric/space weather researchers. Discontinuities are particularly useful as diagnostics since they are clearly identifiable in interplanetary data and their geomagnetic effects are unambiguous most of the time. Directional discontinuities (DDs) are abrupt changes in the interplanetary magnetic field direction and plasma parameters. DDs may be rotational discontinuities (RDs), tangential discontinuities (TDs) contact discontinuities (CDs) or shocks (fast (FS), intermediate (IS) and slow (SS). Shocks can propagate in the direction of the driver (forward shocks or FSs) or opposite to the driver (reverse shocks of RSs). Discontinuities interacting with other discontinuities may create new discontinuities.
Fast forward shocks (FFSs) are shown to energize trapped particles by compressive effects, cause dayside aurora, lead to the creation of new radiation belts and to trigger nightside sector magnetospheric substorms. Fast reverse shocks (FRSs) or reverse waves (RWs) lead to magnetospheric expansions and the cessation of geomagnetic activity. TD-bow shock interactions create hot flow anomalies (HFAs) which then lead to outward expansions of the local magnetopause and dayside auroral enhancements. Some DD crossings may cause sudden southward IMF turnings. These cause magnetic reconnection and energy input into the magnetosphere-ionosphere-magnetotail system. Substorms sometimes occur thereafter. DDs that entail northward IMF turnings may lead to the triggering of substorms. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Tsurutani, B. T.; Verkhoglyadova, O. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Lakhina, G. S.] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, India.
[Verkhoglyadova, O. P.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Gonzalez, W. D.; Echer, E.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
[Guarnieri, F. L.] Univ Vale Paraiba, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Lakhina, Gurbax /C-9295-2012; Tecnologias espaciai, Inct/I-2415-2013;
OI Lakhina, Gurbax /0000-0002-8956-486X; Verkhoglyadova,
Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539
FU Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi; CNPq [300211/2008-2]; FAPESP
[2007/52533-1]
FX Portions of the work presented in this paper was performed at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under
contract with NASA. GSL thanks the Indian National Science Academy, New
Delhi for support under the Senior Scientist Scheme. EE thanks CNPq
(300211/2008-2) and FAPESP (2007/52533-1) agencies for financial
support. BIT thanks H. Zhang and Q.-G. Zong who organized an AGU special
session on "Magnetospheric Response to Solar Wind Discontinuities" and
asked the author to give an invited talk. This review paper was
initiated by the talk.
NR 112
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 3
U2 23
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1364-6826
EI 1879-1824
J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY
JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 1
BP 5
EP 19
DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.04.001
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 717UO
UT WOS:000287073100002
ER
PT J
AU Nemecek, Z
Safrankova, J
Koval, A
Merka, J
Prech, L
AF Nemecek, Z.
Safrankova, J.
Koval, A.
Merka, J.
Prech, L.
TI MHD analysis of propagation of an interplanetary shock across
magnetospheric boundaries
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Interplanetary shock; Bow shock; Magnetopause; Magnetosheath
ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; SOLAR-WIND SHOCK; MAGNETIC-FIELD; WAVES;
MAGNETOSHEATH; MAGNETOPAUSE; ARRIVAL; MODEL; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS;
EVOLUTION
AB An important problem of the Space Weather Program is the interaction of interplanetary (IP) shocks with Earth's magnetosphere because their interaction often (but not always) leads to major geomagnetic storms. Since the huge interaction region can be covered by simultaneous spacecraft observations only sporadically, global MHD modeling can help in our understanding of the interaction process. We have developed a procedure that clearly distinguished magnetospheric boundaries in an output of the global MHD model and compare its results to spacecraft observations. Using one IP shock observed by Geotail, we compare its passage through the magnetosphere with predictions of two modifications of the global BATS-R-US MHD code. We demonstrate the complexity of the shock interaction with the bow shock, magnetopause, and oscillations of the whole system toward a new equilibrium state with a duration of 10-12 min. Moreover, based on the changes of the magnetopause and bow shock locations in the nightside region, we suggest that the information about the IP shock hitting the subsolar magnetopause reaches the nightside magnetopause earlier than the IP shock can arrive. This information is, in our view, mediated by fast magnetosonic waves in the inner magnetosphere. Although we have found generally a good agreement, we discuss possible sources of deviations of modeled and observed locations of the boundaries. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Nemecek, Z.; Safrankova, J.; Prech, L.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
[Koval, A.; Merka, J.] NASA, Heliospher Phys Lab, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Merka, J.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP Nemecek, Z (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, V Holesovickach 2, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
EM zdenek.nemecek@mff.cuni.cz
FU Czech Grant Agency [205/09/0112, 205/07/0694]; Ministry of Education of
the Czech Republic [MSM 0021620860]
FX The authors acknowledge the working group at CCMC for special model
runs, namely M. Kuznetsova for useful consultations, and thank the Wind
and Geotail teams for the magnetic field and plasma data. The present
work was partly supported by the Czech Grant Agency under Contracts
205/09/0112 and 205/07/0694, and partly by the Research Plan MSM
0021620860 that is financed by the Ministry of Education of the Czech
Republic. A. Koval acknowledges the appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral
Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge
Associated Universities through a contract with NASA.
NR 50
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1364-6826
EI 1879-1824
J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY
JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 1
BP 20
EP 29
DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.05.017
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 717UO
UT WOS:000287073100003
ER
PT J
AU Mannucci, AJ
Tsurutani, BT
AF Mannucci, Anthony J.
Tsurutani, Bruce T.
TI Magnetospheric Response to Solar Wind Discontinuities
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Mannucci, Anthony J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ionospher & Atmospher Remote Sensing Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Mannucci, AJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ionospher & Atmospher Remote Sensing Grp, Mail Stop 138-308,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Tony.Mannucci@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1364-6826
J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY
JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 1
BP 147
EP 147
DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.09.028
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 717UO
UT WOS:000287073100016
ER
PT J
AU Koga, D
Sobral, JHA
Gonzalez, WD
Arruda, DCS
Abdu, MA
de Castilho, VM
Mascarenhas, M
Gonzalez, AC
Tsurutani, BT
Denardini, CM
Zamlutti, CJ
AF Koga, D.
Sobral, J. H. A.
Gonzalez, W. D.
Arruda, D. C. S.
Abdu, M. A.
de Castilho, V. M.
Mascarenhas, M.
Gonzalez, A. C.
Tsurutani, B. T.
Denardini, C. M.
Zamlutti, C. J.
TI Electrodynamic coupling processes between the magnetosphere and the
equatorial ionosphere during a 5-day HILDCAA event
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Interplanetary electric field; HILDCAA; Prompt penetration drifts;
Disturbance dynamo drifts
ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MAGNETIC STORM;
DISTURBED CONDITIONS; TIME-DEPENDENCE; JULY 15; PENETRATION; VELOCITIES;
CAMPAIGN; SECTOR
AB We present a statistical analysis of equatorial F-peak height vertical drifts during a 5-day HILDCAA event (3-7 July 2003). Prompt penetration-PP drifts have been identified in this study by means of a correlation analysis carried out between the magnitude of disturbed height variations over the equatorial station Sao Luis-SL (44.6W, 2.33S, dip angle 1.5S) and the magnitudes of the interplanetary electric field at the magnetopause. A comparison between the correlation coefficients for the HILDCAA and the post-HILDCAA days clearly shows that coupling on the post-HILDCAA period is suppressed. The daytime (nighttime) ionospheric responses to magnetopause electric field changes were found to occur within similar to 55 min (similar to 45 min). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Koga, D.; Sobral, J. H. A.; Gonzalez, W. D.; Arruda, D. C. S.; Abdu, M. A.; de Castilho, V. M.; Mascarenhas, M.; Gonzalez, A. C.; Denardini, C. M.; Zamlutti, C. J.] Natl Inst Space Res INPE, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Tsurutani, B. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Koga, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Space Res INPE, POB 515,Av Astronautas 1758, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
EM daiki@dae.inpe.br
RI De Nardin, Clezio/C-4103-2012; Tecnologias espaciai, Inct/I-2415-2013
OI De Nardin, Clezio/0000-0002-3624-2461;
FU Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
(CNPq) [152154/2007-8]
FX This work was supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific
and Technological Development (CNPq) grants 152154/2007-8. Portions of
this work were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We acknowledge the
CDAWeb (NASA) for access to the ACE data. The SYM-H, AE, Kp,
indices were provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism (Kyoto
University). The F10.7 cm flux data were obtained from the NGDC (NOAA).
The authors thank Maria Goreti de Santos Aquino for assistance in
processing the ionosonde data.
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1364-6826
EI 1879-1824
J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY
JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 1
BP 148
EP 155
DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.09.002
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 717UO
UT WOS:000287073100017
ER
PT J
AU Mengshoel, OJ
Roth, D
Wilkins, DC
AF Mengshoel, Ole J.
Roth, Dan
Wilkins, David C.
TI Portfolios in Stochastic Local Search: Efficiently Computing Most
Probable Explanations in Bayesian Networks
SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING
LA English
DT Article
DE Stochastic local search; Portfolios; Bayesian networks; Most probable
explanations; Determinism; Stochastic greedy search; Markov chains;
Hitting times
ID MAX-SAT; INFERENCE; ALGORITHMS; HARD; CODES; MODEL
AB Portfolio methods support the combination of different algorithms and heuristics, including stochastic local search (SLS) heuristics, and have been identified as a promising approach to solve computationally hard problems. While successful in experiments, theoretical foundations and analytical results for portfolio-based SLS heuristics are less developed. This article aims to improve the understanding of the role of portfolios of heuristics in SLS. We emphasize the problem of computing most probable explanations (MPEs) in Bayesian networks (BNs). Algorithmically, we discuss a portfolio-based SLS algorithm for MPE computation, Stochastic Greedy Search (SGS). SGS supports the integration of different initialization operators (or initialization heuristics) and different search operators (greedy and noisy heuristics), thereby enabling new analytical and experimental results. Analytically, we introduce a novel Markov chain model tailored to portfolio-based SLS algorithms including SGS, thereby enabling us to analytically form expected hitting time results that explain empirical run time results. For a specific BN, we show the benefit of using a homogenous initialization portfolio. To further illustrate the portfolio approach, we consider novel additive search heuristics for handling determinism in the form of zero entries in conditional probability tables in BNs. Our additive approach adds rather than multiplies probabilities when computing the utility of an explanation. We motivate the additive measure by studying the dramatic impact of zero entries in conditional probability tables on the number of zero-probability explanations, which again complicates the search process. We consider the relationship between MAXSAT and MPE, and show that additive utility (or gain) is a generalization, to the probabilistic setting, of MAXSAT utility (or gain) used in the celebrated GSAT and WalkSAT algorithms and their descendants. Utilizing our Markov chain framework, we show that expected hitting time is a rational function-i.e. a ratio of two polynomials of the probability of applying an additive search operator. Experimentally, we report on synthetically generated BNs as well as BNs from applications, and compare SGS's performance to that of Hugin, which performs BN inference by compilation to and propagation in clique trees. On synthetic networks, SGS speeds up computation by approximately two orders of magnitude compared to Hugin. In application networks, our approach is highly competitive in Bayesian networks with a high degree of determinism. In addition to showing that stochastic local search can be competitive with clique tree clustering, our empirical results provide an improved understanding of the circumstances under which portfolio-based SLS outperforms clique tree clustering and vice versa.
C1 [Mengshoel, Ole J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Roth, Dan] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Wilkins, David C.] Stanford Univ, Symbol Syst Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Mengshoel, OJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Silicon Valley Campus,Mail Stop 269-3,Bldg T35-B,, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM ole.mengshoel@sv.cmu.edu; danr@cs.uiuc.edu; dwilkins@stanford.edu
FU NASA [NCC2-1426, NNA07BB97C]; NSF [CCF-0937044, ECCS-0931978,
IIS-9801638, SBR-987345]; ONR [N00014-95-1-0749]; ARL
[DAAL01-96-2-0003]; NRL [N00014-97-C-2061]
FX This material is based, in part, upon work by Ole J. Mengshoel supported
by NASA awards NCC2-1426 and NNA07BB97C as well as NSF grants
CCF-0937044 and ECCS-0931978. Ole J. Mengshoel and David C. Wilkins
gratefully acknowledge support in part by ONR grant N00014-95-1-0749,
ARL grant DAAL01-96-2-0003, and NRL grant N00014-97-C-2061. Dan Roth
gratefully acknowledges the support of NSF grants IIS-9801638 and
SBR-987345.
NR 85
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-7433
EI 1573-0670
J9 J AUTOM REASONING
JI J. Autom. Reasoning
PY 2011
VL 46
IS 2
BP 103
EP 160
DI 10.1007/s10817-010-9170-5
PG 58
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA 719EX
UT WOS:000287185000001
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, RB
Ackerson, BJ
AF Rogers, Richard B.
Ackerson, Bruce J.
TI The measurement of solid-liquid interfacial energy in colloidal
suspensions using grain boundary grooves
SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
DE interfacial thermodynamics; phase boundary; solid-liquid interfacial
energy; colloid; hard sphere
ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HARD-SPHERE CRYSTALS; PHOTONIC BAND-GAP;
EUTECTIC SYSTEM; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; SURFACE-TENSION;
PHASE-BEHAVIOR; VECTOR THERMODYNAMICS; ANISOTROPIC SURFACES; DISLOCATION
DYNAMICS
AB Interfacial energy is a fundamental physiochemical property of any multi-phase system. Among the most direct approaches for determining solid-liquid interfacial energy is a technique based on measuring the shape of grain boundary grooves in specimens subjected to a linear temperature gradient. This technique was adapted to crystallizing colloids in a gravitational field. Such colloids exhibit a freezing-melting phase transition and are important not only as self-assembling precursors to photonic crystals, but also as physical models of atomic and molecular systems. The grain boundary groove technique was tested using suspensions of sterically stabilized poly(methyl methacrylate) spheres, which have been shown to closely approximate the hard sphere potential. Whereas isotropic models did not fit grain boundary groove data well, the capillary vector model, which is suitable for both isotropic and anisotropic surface energies, produced gamma(110) = 0.58 +/- 0.05 k(B)T/sigma(2). This value of interfacial energy is in agreement with many of the published values for hard spheres, supporting the validity of our grain boundary groove technique adaptations to colloidal systems in a gravitational field. Finally, kinks observed in groove profiles suggest a minimum anisotropy parameter of epsilon = 0.029 for hard spheres.
C1 [Rogers, Richard B.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Rogers, Richard B.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
[Ackerson, Bruce J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA.
RP Rogers, RB (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM richard.b.rogers@nasa.gov
FU NASA
FX We thank R. Ottewill and his group at Bristol for synthesizing and
characterizing the particles used in our experiments, and W. B. Russel
for kindly providing them. R. B. R. thanks K.P.D. Lagerlof for helpful
discussions and NASA for providing salary, experimental equipment, and
facilities.
NR 136
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1478-6435
J9 PHILOS MAG
JI Philos. Mag.
PY 2011
VL 91
IS 5
BP 682
EP 729
DI 10.1080/14786435.2010.527306
PG 48
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics
GA 717CM
UT WOS:000287020200002
ER
PT J
AU Li, L
Greenberg, PS
Street, KW
Chen, DR
AF Li, Lin
Greenberg, Paul S.
Street, Kenneth W., Jr.
Chen, Da-Ren
TI Study of a Magnetic Filter System for the Characterization of Particle
Magnetic Property
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEPARATION; DEVICE; REMOVAL; NANOPARTICLES; MICROSPHERES; FILTRATION;
CAPTURE; WATER; FIELD
AB A magnetic filter system has been constructed, and its performance has been investigated, to measure the magnetic property of monodisperse gamma-Fe(2)O(3) particles in the size range from 100 to 300 nm. In the system, SS 430 screens are placed in the magnetic filter element and exposed to a strong external magnetic field generated by an electric coil. The high magnetic field gradient resulted from magnetized fine wires enhances the collection of magnetic particles in addition to the particle collection via the diffusion mechanism. The particle concentrations at the upstream and downstream of the magnetic filter element were measured by an Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter (UCPC, TSI model 3025A). Particle penetration obtained in the experiment is a function of particle size, particle magnetic property, and wire magnetization. To retrieve the magnetic property of characterized particles from the measured penetration data, a numerical model was further developed using the finite element package COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5. In this modeling, a single mesh screen is assumed to be represented by unit cells. The flow, the magnetic fields, and particle trajectory were solved in a unit cell. The relationship between particle penetration and magnetic property can then be obtained via this model for the given particle size, aerosol flowrate, and external magnetic field strength. The numerical model was first validated by comparing the experimental penetration with the simulation results for the case of 100, 150, and 250 nm gamma-Fe(2)O(3) particles having the magnetic susceptibility characterized by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The magnetic susceptibilities of other sizes from 100 to 300 nm were then derived from this model according to the measured penetration data.
C1 [Li, Lin; Chen, Da-Ren] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Greenberg, Paul S.; Street, Kenneth W., Jr.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Micrograv Combust & Reacting Syst Branch, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Chen, DR (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, Campus Box 1180,1Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
EM chen@me.wustl.edu
RI li, lin/D-7584-2014
OI li, lin/0000-0002-8120-2442
FU NASA Glen Research Center [NNX07AN27G]
FX The authors (Li and Chen) are grateful for the financial support
provided by the NASA Glen Research Center (Grant No. NNX07AN27G).
NR 33
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 14
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 3
BP 327
EP 335
DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.534514
PG 9
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 712HA
UT WOS:000286655700003
ER
PT J
AU Cassou, C
Minvielle, M
Terray, L
Perigaud, C
AF Cassou, Christophe
Minvielle, Marie
Terray, Laurent
Perigaud, Claire
TI A statistical-dynamical scheme for reconstructing ocean forcing in the
Atlantic. Part I: weather regimes as predictors for ocean surface
variables
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Weather regimes; Climate variability; Atlantic Ocean; Oceanic forcing
variables
ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; HEMISPHERE TELECONNECTION PATTERNS;
DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TROPICAL ATLANTIC;
CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; SEA; PRECIPITATION; OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE
AB The links between the observed variability of the surface ocean variables estimated from reanalysis and the overlying atmosphere decomposed in classes of large-scale atmospheric circulation via clustering are investigated over the Atlantic from 1958 to 2002. Daily 500 hPa geopotential height and 1,000 hPa wind anomaly maps are classified following a weather-typing approach to describe the North Atlantic and tropical Atlantic atmospheric dynamics, respectively. The algorithm yields patterns that correspond in the extratropics to the well-known North Atlantic-Europe weather regimes (NAE-WR) accounting for the barotropic dynamics, and in the tropics to wind classes (T-WC) representing the alteration of the trades. 10-m wind and 2-m temperature (T2) anomaly composites derived from regime/wind class occurrence are indicative of strong relationships between daily large-scale atmospheric circulation and ocean surface over the entire Atlantic basin. High temporal correlation values are obtained basin-wide at low frequency between the observed fields and their reconstruction by multiple linear regressions with the frequencies of occurrence of both NAE-WR and T-WC used as sole predictors. Additional multiple linear regressions also emphasize the importance of accounting for the strength of the daily anomalous atmospheric circulation estimated by the combined distances to all regimes centroids in order to reproduce the daily to interannual variability of the Atlantic ocean. We show that for most of the North Atlantic basin the occurrence of NAE-WR generally sets the sign of the ocean surface anomaly for a given day, and that the inter-regime distances are valuable predictors for the magnitude of that anomaly. Finally, we provide evidence that a large fraction of the low-frequency trends in the Atlantic observed at the surface over the last 50 years can be traced back, except for T2, to changes in occurrence of tropical and extratropical weather classes. All together, our findings are encouraging for the prospects of basin-scale ocean dynamical down-scaling using a weather-typing approach to reconstruct forcing fields for high resolution ocean models (Part II) from coarse resolution climate models.
C1 [Cassou, Christophe; Minvielle, Marie; Terray, Laurent] CERFACS CNRS, Climate Modelling & Global Change Team, F-31057 Toulouse, France.
[Perigaud, Claire] JPL NASA, Ocean Sci Element, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA.
RP Cassou, C (reprint author), CERFACS CNRS, Climate Modelling & Global Change Team, 42 Ave Gaspard Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France.
EM cassou@cerfacs.fr
RI Terray, Laurent/B-8056-2008
OI Terray, Laurent/0000-0001-5512-7074
FU CERFACS; CNRS; Mercator-Ocean; European Community [GOCE-CT-2003-505539]
FX We thank Julien Najac and Julien Boe for stimulating discussions. We are
grateful to So line Bielli and Didier. Swingedouw for their help in
improving the manuscript The figures were produced with the NCL software
developed at NCAR. This work was supported by CERFACS, CNRS,
Mercator-Ocean via the DES-AGO project and by the European Community via
the sixth framework ENSEMBLES project under Contract
GOCE-CT-2003-505539.
NR 64
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 36
IS 1-2
BP 19
EP 39
DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0781-7
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 710DY
UT WOS:000286492300002
ER
PT J
AU Morscher, GN
John, R
Zawada, L
Brewer, D
Ojard, G
Calomino, A
AF Morscher, Gregory N.
John, Reji
Zawada, Larry
Brewer, David
Ojard, Greg
Calomino, Anthony
TI Creep in vacuum of woven Sylramic-iBN melt-infiltrated composites
SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Thermomechanical properties;
Environmental degradation
ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES;
SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; SICF-SIBC COMPOSITES; STRESS-RUPTURE;
HI-NICALON; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; AIR; MINICOMPOSITES; INTERPHASE
AB In order to better understand the effect of stressed-oxidation, the performance of woven Sylramic-iBN fiber-reinforced slurry cast melt-infiltrated (MI) composites were tested in creep and fatigue under non-oxidizing conditions. Initially creep and fatigue tests were performed at 1204 degrees C in an argon atmosphere; however, it was observed that sufficient oxidizing species existed in the environment to degrade the composites in a manner similar to air environments. Therefore, creep and fatigue tests were performed at 1204 degrees C in a vacuum environment which showed no evidence of oxidation and superior properties to composites subjected to stressed-oxidation conditions. The mechanical results and microscopy of the vacuum and argon are compared to the behavior of these composites tested in air. It was found that the stress-rupture properties of the vacuum-tested composites could be predicted from single fiber creep rupture data assuming reasonable values for the Weibull modulus. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Morscher, Gregory N.] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
[John, Reji; Zawada, Larry] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
[Brewer, David] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Langley, VA USA.
[Ojard, Greg] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA.
[Calomino, Anthony] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Morscher, GN (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
EM gm33@uakron.edu
FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
through University of Dayton Research Institute
FX We would like to thank John Zima of the University of Toledo for running
the vacuum tests, Professor William Curtin for discussions concerning
the use of his model, and Thomas Smith for programming assistance. This
effort was partially funded by Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate under a subcontract through University of
Dayton Research Institute. All tests were performed at NASA Glenn
Research Center.
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0266-3538
J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL
JI Compos. Sci. Technol.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 71
IS 1
BP 52
EP 59
DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.10.003
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Composites
SC Materials Science
GA 702ON
UT WOS:000285904100009
ER
PT J
AU Harmon, JK
Slade, MA
Rice, MS
AF Harmon, John K.
Slade, Martin A.
Rice, Melissa S.
TI Radar imagery of Mercury's putative polar ice: 1999-2005 Arecibo results
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mercury; Mercury, Surface; Radar observations; Ices
ID COHERENT-BACKSCATTER; NORTH-POLE; STABILITY; DEPOSITS; MOON; SATELLITES;
ANOMALIES
AB We present an updated survey of Mercury's putative polar ice deposits, based on high-resolution (1.5-km) imaging with the upgraded Arecibo S-band radar during 1999-2005. The north pole has now been imaged over a full range of longitude aspects, making it possible to distinguish ice-free areas from radar-shadowed areas and thus better map the distribution of radar-bright ice. The new imagery of the south pole, though derived from only a single pair of dates in 2005, improves on the pre-upgrade Arecibo imagery and reveals many additional ice features. Some medium-size craters located within 3 degrees of the north pole show near-complete ice coverage over their floors, central peaks, and southern interior rim walls and little or no ice on their northern rim walls, while one large (90 km) crater at 85 degrees N shows a sharp ice-cutoff line running across its central floor. All of this is consistent with the estimated polar extent of permanent shading from direct sunlight. Some craters show ice in regions that, though permanently shaded, should be too warm to maintain unprotected surface ice owing to indirect heating by reflected and reradiated sunlight. However, the ice distribution in these craters is in good agreement with models invoking insulation by a thin dust mantle. Comparisons with Goldstone X-band radar imagery indicate a wavelength dependence that could be consistent with such a dust mantle. More than a dozen small ice features have been found at latitudes between 67 degrees and 75 degrees. All of this low-latitude ice is probably sheltered in or under steep pole-facing crater rim walls, although, since most is located in the Mariner-unimaged hemisphere, confirmation must await imaging by the MESSENGER orbiter. These low-latitude features are concentrated toward the "cold longitudes," possibly indicating a thermal segregation effect governed by indirect heating. The radar imagery places the corrected locations of the north and south poles at 7 degrees W, 88.35 degrees N and 90 degrees W, 88.7 degrees S, respectively, on the original Mariner-based maps. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Harmon, John K.] Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA.
[Slade, Martin A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Rice, Melissa S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Harmon, JK (reprint author), Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, HC3 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA.
EM harmon@naic.edu; Martin.A.Slade@jpl.nasa.gov; mrice@astro.cornell.edu
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology; NSF
FX The National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (Arecibo Observatory) is
operated by Cornell University under a cooperative agreement with the
National Science Foundation (NSF). The S-band radar observations were
also made possible with support from the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). The work of Martin Slade was supported by the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of
Technology, under contract to NASA. Melissa Rice's work at Arecibo was
supported by a grant from the Research Experience for Undergraduates
(REU) program of the NSF. We are grateful to two anonymous referees for
their constructive reviews and valuable suggestions.
NR 33
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 37
EP 50
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.007
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600004
ER
PT J
AU Mehta, M
Renno, NO
Marshall, J
Grover, MR
Sengupta, A
Rusche, NA
Kok, JF
Arvidson, RE
Markiewicz, WJ
Lemmon, MT
Smith, PH
AF Mehta, Manish
Renno, Nilton O.
Marshall, John
Grover, M. Rob
Sengupta, Anita
Rusche, Neal A.
Kok, Jasper F.
Arvidson, Raymond E.
Markiewicz, Wojciech J.
Lemmon, Mark T.
Smith, Peter H.
TI Explosive erosion during the Phoenix landing exposes subsurface water on
Mars
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ices; Cratering
ID WIND-TUNNEL SIMULATIONS; DESCENT ENGINE; LUNAR SOIL; SURFACE; SAND;
IMPACT; LANDER; SOUND; DUST
AB While steady thruster jets caused only modest surface erosion during previous spacecraft landings on the Moon and Mars, the pulsed jets from the Phoenix spacecraft led to extensive alteration of its landing site on the martian arctic, exposed a large fraction of the subsurface water ice under the lander, and led to the discovery of evidence for liquid saline water on Mars. Here we report the discovery of the 'explosive erosion' process that led to this extensive erosion. We show that the impingement of supersonic pulsed jets fluidizes porous soils and forms cyclic shock waves which propagate through the soil and produce erosion rates more than an order of magnitude larger than that of other jet-induced processes. The understanding of 'explosive erosion' allows the calculation of bulk physical properties of the soils altered by it, provides insight into a new behavior of granular flow at extreme conditions and explains the rapid alteration of the Phoenix landing site's ground morphology at the northern arctic plains of Mars. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mehta, Manish; Renno, Nilton O.; Rusche, Neal A.; Kok, Jasper F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Renno, Nilton O.; Kok, Jasper F.] Univ Michigan, Appl Phys Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Marshall, John] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Grover, M. Rob; Sengupta, Anita] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Arvidson, Raymond E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Markiewicz, Wojciech J.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany.
[Lemmon, Mark T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Smith, Peter H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Kok, Jasper F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res Boulder, Adv Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Mehta, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM manishm@umich.edu
RI Kok, Jasper/A-9698-2008; Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010
OI Kok, Jasper/0000-0003-0464-8325; Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136
FU Phoenix Mars mission; Michigan Space Grant; Lockheed Martin Corporation;
NASA [NNX06AH56H]
FX We thank R. Gillespie, R. Greeley, C. Woosley, P.G. Huseman, D.S.
Gulick, G.L. Romine, E. Bailey, R. Hryciw, J.T. Heineck and Y. Jung for
contributing to this study. The authors would like to recognize the
extensive efforts by the Phoenix Entry, Descent and Landing and Science
teams that made this mission a success. We also acknowledge the support
of NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program for providing
operational costs for the ASU-NASA Ames Planetary Aeolian Laboratory. We
would also like to thank P.T. Metzger of NASA Kennedy Space Center and
other anonymous reviewers for the critical evaluation of the manuscript.
This research was supported by the Phoenix Mars mission, the Michigan
Space Grant, and by Lockheed Martin Corporation. M. Mehta was supported
by NASA's GSRP Grant NNX06AH56H.
NR 59
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 172
EP 194
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.003
PG 23
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600015
ER
PT J
AU Hillier, JK
Bauer, JM
Buratti, BJ
AF Hillier, John K.
Bauer, James M.
Buratti, Bonnie J.
TI Photometric modeling of Asteroid 5535 Annefrank from Stardust
observations
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Asteroid Annefrank; Asteroids; Photometry
ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GALILEO PHOTOMETRY; SURFACE
AB In this paper the Stardust disk-integrated phase curve at phase 47.2-134.6 degrees of the Asteroid 5535 Annefrank, combined with groundbased observations (at phase 2.3-18.3 degrees), are fit with Hapke's photometric model. We confirm Newburn et al.'s (Newburn, R.L. et al. [2003]. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (El 1), 5117. doi:10.1029/2003JE002106) observation that Annefrank exhibits a steep phase curve. This manifests itself in an unusually high fit surface roughness parameter of 49 degrees. The single particle scattering albedo is 0.62, also high for an S-asteroid, while the fit phase function is more forward scattering than the typical S-asteroid being nearly isotropic with an asymmetry parameter of -0.09. The fit opposition surge width (h = 0.015) is typical of S-asteroids. However these fits assume a spherical shape to the asteroid. Li et al. (Li, J., A'Hearn, M.F., McFadden, L.A. [2004]. Icarus, 415-431) have shown that this assumption may lead to significant errors particularly at high phase angles leading to higher modeled single particle scattering albedos, macroscopic roughnesses and more forward scattering phase functions than actually exhibited. Our results confirm this finding fitting only the data below 90 degrees phase yields lower particle albedos (0.41) and roughnesses (20 degrees) and more backscattering particles (-0.19) than the fit including the high phase angle data. Overall Annefrank appears to be on the bright side but otherwise is typical for an S-type asteroid suggesting that it may be a recent collisional fragment with a relatively immature surface which has had relatively little time to be weathered. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hillier, John K.] Grays Harbor Coll, Aberdeen, WA 98520 USA.
[Bauer, James M.; Buratti, Bonnie J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Hillier, JK (reprint author), Grays Harbor Coll, 1620 Edward P Smith Dr, Aberdeen, WA 98520 USA.
EM jhillier@ghc.edu
FU Discovery Data Analysis Program; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology
FX This project was supported by the Discovery Data Analysis Program. The
authors wish to thank Beth Ellen Clark and an anonymous referee for
their thorough and constructive reviews of this manuscript. Parts of
this work were done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, under contract to the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration.
NR 32
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 546
EP 552
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.009
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600039
ER
PT J
AU Fletcher, LN
Orton, GS
de Pater, I
Edwards, ML
Yanamandra-Fisher, PA
Hammel, HB
Lisse, CM
Fisher, BM
AF Fletcher, Leigh N.
Orton, G. S.
de Pater, I.
Edwards, M. L.
Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A.
Hammel, H. B.
Lisse, C. M.
Fisher, B. M.
TI The aftermath of the July 2009 impact on Jupiter: Ammonia, temperatures
and particulates from Gemini thermal infrared spectroscopy
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Jupiter; Atmospheres, Composition; Atmospheres, Structure; Impact
processes
ID ROTOTRANSLATIONAL ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; CASSINI CIRS; SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9
IMPACTS; COMET SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9; STRATOSPHERIC AMMONIA; IMAGING
SPECTROSCOPY; JOVIAN ATMOSPHERE; LINE PARAMETERS; OUTER PLANETS; VOYAGER
IRIS
AB We obtained longitudinally resolved thermal infrared spectra (8-13 mu m and 17-25 mu m) of Jupiter's impact debris at the Gemini South Telescope on July 24, 2009; five days after the July 19th collision. These were used to study the mechanisms responsible for the redistribution of thermal energy and material (ammonia and stratospheric particulates) following the impact. Upwelling of (8.5 +/- 4.1) x 10(14) g of tropospheric air was sufficient to deposit (6.7 +/- 4.1) x 10(12) g of NH3 over a 6 longitude range above the impact core. The NH3 was distributed over the 20-80 mbar region with a peak abundance of 1.0 +/- 0.6 ppm at 45 mbar. Only a 10th of this abundance was observed over the western ejecta, and it is unlikely that these observations were sensitive to NH3 entrained in the ballistic plume itself. The pattern of excess thermal energy was markedly different from that of Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9), with a localized tropospheric perturbation of 2.0 +/- 1.0 K at 200-300 mbar and a broader stratospheric warming of up to 3.5 +/- 2.0 K at 10-30 mbar. We find no evidence of residual warmth at p < 1 mbar five days after the impact. The excess thermal energy places lower limits on the total energy of the impact (1.8-15.7 x 10(26) ergs), which limits the impactor diameter to 70-510 m (depending on the bulk density chosen for the material).
The models of the Gemini spectra required three distinct aerosol features, indicative of the mineralogy of the dark particulate debris, centred at 9.1, 10.0 and 18.5 pm. The retrieved opacities for each of these features were distributed over a larger area (9-10 degrees longitude) and at higher altitudes (above the 10-mbar level) than the stratospheric NH3, and they are more spatially inhomogeneous. This implies the particulates were either entrained with the rising hot plume or created upon plume re-entry and are subsequently redistributed by stratospheric winds. The three particulate features were consistent with a mixture of amorphous iron and magnesium-rich silicates and silicas in the debris field. A broad 10-mu m signature was coincident with peaks expected from material rich in amorphous olivines (but poor in pyroxenes), and similar to silicate features observed during SL9. A narrow 9.1-mu m signature was interpreted as a combination of amorphous and crystalline silica. Finally, a broad 18.5-mu m emitter was not adequately reproduced by a mixture of simple olivines and pyroxenes and remains to be identified. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fletcher, Leigh N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
[Orton, G. S.; Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A.; Fisher, B. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[de Pater, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Edwards, M. L.] AURA, So Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile.
[Hammel, H. B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Lisse, C. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
RP Fletcher, LN (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
EM fletcher@atm.ox.ac.uk
RI Fletcher, Leigh/D-6093-2011; Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016
OI Fletcher, Leigh/0000-0001-5834-9588; Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526
FU University of Oxford; National Science Foundation
FX We thank the director and staff of the Gemini-South observatory for
their tremendous help with these rapid observations. This investigation
was based on observations acquired at the Gemini Observatory during
Directors Discretionary Program GS-2009A-DD-9. The Gemini observatory is
operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy
(AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the
Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the
Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National
Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research
Council (Australia), CNPq (Brazil) and CONICET (Argentina). Spectral
reduction used the IRAF software packages distributed by the National
Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of
Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative
agreement with the National Science Foundation.; Fletcher was supported
during this research by a Glasstone Science Fellowship at the University
of Oxford. We thank B. Bezard, A. Sanchez-Lavega, T. Greathouse, P.
Irwin and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and
suggestions during the writing of this manuscript.
NR 49
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 568
EP 586
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.012
PG 19
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600042
ER
PT J
AU Leone, G
Wilson, L
Davies, AG
AF Leone, Giovanni
Wilson, Lionel
Davies, Ashley Gerard
TI The geothermal gradient of Io: Consequences for lithosphere structure
and volcanic eruptive activity
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Io; Volcanism
ID GALILEO PHOTOPOLARIMETER-RADIOMETER; TIDAL DISSIPATION; HEAT-FLOW;
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; THERMAL EMISSION; MAGMA TRANSPORT; SURFACE; SULFUR;
SO2; CONSTRAINTS
AB We solve numerically the equations describing the transfer of heat through the lithosphere of to by a mixture of conduction and volcanic advection as proposed by O'Reilly and Davies (O'Reilly, T.C., Davies, G.F. [1981]. Geophys. Res. Lett. 8,313-316), removing the requirement that average material properties must be used. As expected, the dominance of advective heat transfer by volcanic eruptions means that Io's geothermal gradient well away from volcanic centres is very small, of order 1 K km(-1). This result is independent of any reasonable assumptions about the radiogenic heating rate in the lithosphere. The lithosphere temperature does not increase greatly above the surface temperature until the base of the lithosphere is approached, except in limited areas around shallow magma bodies. As a consequence, solid volatile sulphur compounds mobilized by volcanic processes and re-deposited on the surface of Io commonly remain solid until they reach great depths as they are progressively buried by ongoing activity. For current estimates of the volcanic heat transfer rate, melting of SO2 does not begin until a depth of similar to 20 km and sulphur remains solid to a depth of similar to 26 km in a 30 km thick lithosphere. Rising magmas can incorporate fluids from these deep sulphur compound aquifers, and we quantify the major influence that this can have on the bulk density of the magma and hence the resulting possible intrusion and eruption styles. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Leone, Giovanni; Wilson, Lionel] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England.
[Davies, Ashley Gerard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Leone, G (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England.
EM giovanni.leone@tin.it
FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology
FX Ashley Davies' contribution to this paper was carried out at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology, under
contract to NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program. The authors
thank David Williams and Laszlo Keszthelyi for the many useful
suggestions in their reviews of the manuscript.
NR 89
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 11
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 623
EP 635
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.016
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600046
ER
PT J
AU Rhoden, AR
Hurford, TA
Manga, M
AF Rhoden, Alyssa Rose
Hurford, Terry A.
Manga, Michael
TI Strike-slip fault patterns on Europa: Obliquity or polar wander?
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Europa; Rotational dynamics; Tectonics
ID NONSYNCHRONOUS ROTATION; ICE SHELL; GALILEAN SATELLITES; SUBSURFACE
OCEAN; CRACK AZIMUTHS; SEQUENCE; STRESS; DRIVEN; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION
AB Variations in diurnal tidal stress due to Europa's eccentric orbit have been considered as the driver of strike-slip motion along pre-existing faults, but obliquity and physical libration have not been taken into account. The first objective of this work is to examine the effects of obliquity on the predicted global pattern of fault slip directions based on a tidal-tectonic formation model. Our second objective is to test the hypothesis that incorporating obliquity can reconcile theory and observations without requiring polar wander, which was previously invoked to explain the mismatch found between the slip directions of 192 faults on Europa and the global pattern predicted using the eccentricity-only model. We compute predictions for individual, observed faults at their current latitude, longitude, and azimuth with four different tidal models: eccentricity only, eccentricity plus obliquity, eccentricity plus physical libration, and a combination of all three effects. We then determine whether longitude migration, presumably due to non-synchronous rotation, is indicated in observed faults by repeating the comparisons with and without obliquity, this time also allowing longitude translation. We find that a tidal model including an obliquity of 1.2 degrees, along with longitude migration, can predict the slip directions of all observed features in the survey. However, all but four faults can be fit with only 1 degrees of obliquity so the value we find may represent the maximum departure from a lower time-averaged obliquity value. Adding physical libration to the obliquity model improves the accuracy of predictions at the current locations of the faults, but fails to predict the slip directions of six faults and requires additional degrees of freedom. The obliquity model with longitude migration is therefore our preferred model. Although the polar wander interpretation cannot be ruled out from these results alone, the obliquity model accounts for all observations with a value consistent with theoretical expectations and cycloid modeling. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Rhoden, Alyssa Rose; Manga, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Hurford, Terry A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Rhoden, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM alyssa@eps.berkeley.edu
RI Hurford, Terry/F-2625-2012; Manga, Michael/D-3847-2013;
OI Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682
FU NAI; NESSF
FX The authors wish to thank E.M. Huff and B. Militzer for several helpful
discussions and the NAI and NESSF programs for funding this work.
NR 37
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 636
EP 647
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.11.002
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600047
ER
PT J
AU Radebaugh, J
Lorenz, RD
Wall, SD
Kirk, RL
Wood, CA
Lunine, JI
Stofan, ER
Lopes, RMC
Valora, P
Farr, TG
Hayes, A
Stiles, B
Mitri, G
Zebker, H
Janssen, M
Wye, L
LeGall, A
Mitchell, KL
Paganelli, F
West, RD
Schaller, EL
AF Radebaugh, J.
Lorenz, R. D.
Wall, S. D.
Kirk, R. L.
Wood, C. A.
Lunine, J. I.
Stofan, E. R.
Lopes, R. M. C.
Valora, P.
Farr, T. G.
Hayes, A.
Stiles, B.
Mitri, G.
Zebker, H.
Janssen, M.
Wye, L.
LeGall, A.
Mitchell, K. L.
Paganelli, F.
West, R. D.
Schaller, E. L.
CA Cassini Radar Team
TI Regional geomorphology and history of Titan's Xanadu province
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Titan; Satellites, Surfaces; Saturn, Satellites
ID CASSINI RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MIDLATITUDE CLOUDS; SURFACE; IMAGES;
WAVELENGTH; TOPOGRAPHY; ROTATION; AMMONIA; DRIZZLE; DUNES
AB Titan's enigmatic Xanadu province has been seen in some detail with instruments from the Cassini spacecraft. The region contains some of the most rugged, mountainous terrain on Titan, with relief over 2000 m. Xanadu contains evolved and integrated river channels, impact craters, and dry basins filled with smooth, radar-dark material, perhaps sediments from past lake beds. Arcuate and aligned mountain chains give evidence of compressional tectonism, yet the overall elevation of Xanadu is puzzlingly low compared to surrounding sand seas. Lineations associated with mountain fronts and valley floors give evidence of extension that probably contributed to this regional lowering. Several locations on Xanadu's western and southern margins contain flow-like features that may be cryovolcanic in origin, perhaps ascended from lithospheric faults related to regional downdropping late in its history. Radiometry and scatterometry observations are consistent with a water-ice or water-ammonia-ice composition to its exposed, eroded, fractured bedrock; both microwave and visible to near-infrared (v-nIR) data indicate a thin overcoating of organics, likely derived from the atmosphere. We suggest Xanadu is one of the oldest terrains on Titan and that its origin and evolution have been controlled and shaped by compressional and then extensional tectonism in the icy crust and ongoing erosion by methane rainfall. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Radebaugh, J.; Valora, P.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
[Lorenz, R. D.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Wall, S. D.; Lopes, R. M. C.; Farr, T. G.; Stiles, B.; Mitri, G.; Janssen, M.; LeGall, A.; Mitchell, K. L.; West, R. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Wood, C. A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA.
[Lunine, J. I.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Phys, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Stofan, E. R.; Paganelli, F.] Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA.
[Hayes, A.] CALTECH, Dept Geol Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Zebker, H.; Wye, L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Schaller, E. L.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Radebaugh, J (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-389 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
EM jani.radebaugh@byu.edu
RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes,
Rosaly/D-1608-2016
OI Farr, Thomas/0000-0001-5406-2096; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630;
Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167
FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; NASA;
program "Incentivazione alla mobilita' di studiosi straineri e italiani
residenti all'estero"
FX The authors acknowledge the NASA Cassini Project and all those who
designed and operate the remarkable Cassini spacecraft. Portions of this
work were supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. JIL acknowledges
support from the program "Incentivazione alla mobilita' di studiosi
straineri e italiani residenti all'estero." The authors also acknowledge
the thorough and helpful reviews from Geoffrey Collins and Devon Burr.
NR 70
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 9
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 672
EP 685
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.07.022
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600050
ER
PT J
AU Achterberg, RK
Gierasch, PJ
Conrath, BJ
Flasar, FM
Nixon, CA
AF Achterberg, Richard K.
Gierasch, Peter J.
Conrath, Barney J.
Flasar, F. Michael
Nixon, Conor A.
TI Temporal variations of Titan's middle-atmospheric temperatures from 2004
to 2009 observed by Cassini/CIRS
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Atmospheres, Structure; Atmospheres, Dynamics; Infrared observations;
Titan, Atmosphere
ID COMPOSITE INFRARED SPECTROMETER; LATITUDINAL TRANSPORT;
GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; BAROTROPIC WAVES; HUYGENS
PROBE; STRATOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; MODEL; WINDS
AB We use five and one-half years of limb- and nadir-viewing temperature mapping observations by the Composite Infrared Radiometer-Spectrometer (CIRS) on the Cassini Saturn orbiter, taken between July 2004 and December 2009 (L(S) from 293 degrees to 4 degrees; northern mid-winter to just after northern spring equinox), to monitor temperature changes in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere of Titan. The largest changes are in the northern (winter) polar stratopause, which has declined in temperature by over 20 K between 2005 and 2009. Throughout the rest of the mid to upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere, temperature changes are less than 5 K. In the southern hemisphere, temperatures in the middle stratosphere near 1 mbar increased by 1-2 K from 2004 through early 2007, then declined by 2-4 K throughout 2008 and 2009, with the changes being larger at more polar latitudes. Middle stratospheric temperatures at mid-northern latitudes show a small 1-2 K increase from 2005 through 2009. At north polar latitudes within the polar vortex, temperatures in the middle stratosphere show a similar to 4 K increase during 2007, followed by a comparable decrease in temperatures in 2008 and into early 2009. The observed temperature changes in the north polar region are consistent with a weakening of the subsidence within the descending branch of the middle atmosphere meridional circulation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Achterberg, Richard K.; Flasar, F. Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Achterberg, Richard K.; Nixon, Conor A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gierasch, Peter J.; Conrath, Barney J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Achterberg, RK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 693-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Richard.K.Achterberg@nasa.gov
RI Nixon, Conor/A-8531-2009; Flasar, F Michael/C-8509-2012
OI Nixon, Conor/0000-0001-9540-9121;
FU NASA
FX We thank Todd Ansty for implementation of the pointing commands for many
CIRS Titan observations; Emannuel Lellouch for implementing the internal
CIRS command tables for the Titan observations; Marcia Segura, Shane
Albright, Jim Tingley, Monte Kalberer, Paul Romani, Amy Simon-Miller,
Gordy Bjoraker and Matt Elliott for their work in getting the CIRS
commands to the spacecraft and the returned data on to the CIRS data
server; and Don Jennings, Virgil Kunde, Ron Carlson, Andrei Mamoutkine,
Ever Guandique, Nicolas Gorius and John Brasunas for CIRS data
calibration. This work was supported by the NASA Cassini Project.
NR 44
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 686
EP 698
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.009
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600051
ER
PT J
AU Korycansky, DG
Zahnle, KJ
AF Korycansky, D. G.
Zahnle, Kevin J.
TI Titan impacts and escape
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Impact processes; Titan; Saturn, Satellites
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; VENUSIAN ATMOSPHERE; DARK SIDE; SURFACE
ORGANICS; CRATER EJECTA; 3D MODELS; EROSION; IAPETUS; ASTEROIDS;
VELOCITY
AB We report on hydrodynamic calculations of impacts of large (multi-kilometer) objects on Saturn's moon Titan. We assess escape from Titan, and evaluate the hypothesis that escaping ejecta blackened the leading hemisphere of lapetus and peppered the surface of Hyperion.
We carried out two- and three-dimensional simulations of impactors ranging in size from 4 to 100 km diameter, impact velocities between 7 and 15 km s(-1), and impact angles from 0 degrees to 75 degrees from the vertical. We used the ZEUSMP2 hydrocode for the calculations. Simulations were made using three different geometries: three-dimensional Cartesian, two-dimensional axisymmetric spherical polar, and two-dimensional plane polar. Three-dimensional Cartesian geometry calculations were carried out over a limited domain (e.g. 240 km on a side for an impactor of size d(i) = 10 km), and the results compared to ones with the same parameters done by Artemieva and Lunine (2005); in general the comparison was good. Being computationally less demanding, two-dimensional calculations were possible for much larger domains, covering global regions of the satellite (from 800 km below Titan's surface to the exobase altitude 1700 km above the surface). Axisymmetric spherical polar calculations were carried out for vertical impacts. Two-dimensional plane-polar geometry calculations were made for both vertical and oblique impacts. In general, calculations among all three geometries gave consistent results.
Our basic result is that the amount of escaping material is less than or approximately equal to the impactor mass even for the most favorable cases. Amounts of escaping material scaled most strongly as a function of velocity, with high-velocity impacts generating the largest amount, as expected. Dependence of the relative amount of escaping mass f(esc) = M(esc)/M(i) on impactor diameter d(i) was weak. Oblique impacts (impact angle 0(i) > 45 degrees) were more effective than vertical or near-vertical impacts; ratios of m(esc)/M(i) similar to 1-2 were found in the simulations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Korycansky, D. G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, CODEP, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Zahnle, Kevin J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Korycansky, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, CODEP, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM kory@pmc.ucsc.edu
FU NASA [NNX07AL45G]
FX This work was supported by NASA Outer Planets Research Program Grant
NNX07AL45G. Support was also provided by NASA's Cassini Data Analysis
Program.
NR 45
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 707
EP 721
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.013
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600053
ER
PT J
AU Wright, MR
Kuznetsov, SB
Kloesel, KJ
AF Wright, Michael R.
Kuznetsov, Steven B.
Kloesel, Kurt J.
TI A Lunar Electromagnetic Launch System for In Situ Resource Utilization
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 15th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch (EML) Technology
CY MAY 17-20, 2010
CL Royal Military Acad (RMA), Brussels, BELGIUM
HO Royal Military Acad (RMA)
DE Electromagnetic launching; extraterrestrial exploration; linear motors;
moon
AB Future human exploration of the moon will require the development of capabilities for in situ resource utilization. Transport of lunar-derived commodities such as fuel and oxygen to orbiting resource depots has been proposed to enable refueling landers or other vehicles. A lunar electromagnetic launch (LEML) system could be an effective means of transporting materials as an alternative to nonrenewable chemical-based propulsion systems. An example LEML concept is presented based on previous studies, existing electromagnetic launch technologies, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's human exploration architecture. A preliminary assessment of the cost versus benefit of such a system is also offered; the conclusion, however, is not as favorable for LEML as originally suggested.
C1 [Wright, Michael R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kuznetsov, Steven B.] Raytheon Corp, Power & Elect Syst, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA.
[Kloesel, Kurt J.] NASA Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA.
RP Wright, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM michael.r.wright@nasa.gov; stephen.b.kuznetsov@ratheon.com;
kurt.j.kloesel@nasa.gov
NR 35
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0093-3813
J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 39
IS 1
SI SI
BP 521
EP 528
DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2089066
PN 1
PG 8
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 703VM
UT WOS:000286009400096
ER
PT J
AU Sarti, P
Abbondanza, C
Petrov, L
Negusini, M
AF Sarti, Pierguido
Abbondanza, Claudio
Petrov, Leonid
Negusini, Monia
TI Height bias and scale effect induced by antenna gravitational
deformations in geodetic VLBI data analysis
SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY
LA English
DT Article
DE VLBI; ITRF; Reference frames; Signal path variation; Antenna
gravitational deformation
ID INTERFEROMETRY; ASTROMETRY
AB The impact of signal path variations (SPVs) caused by antenna gravitational deformations on geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) results is evaluated for the first time. Elevation-dependent models of SPV for Medicina and Noto (Italy) telescopes were derived from a combination of terrestrial surveying methods to account for gravitational deformations. After applying these models in geodetic VLBI data analysis, estimates of the antenna reference point positions are shifted upward by 8.9 and 6.7 mm, respectively. The impact on other parameters is negligible. To simulate the impact of antenna gravitational deformations on the entire VLBI network, lacking measurements for other telescopes, we rescaled the SPV models of Medicina and Noto for other antennas according to their size. The effects of the simulations are changes in VLBI heights in the range [-3, 73] mm and a net scale increase of 0.3-0.8 ppb. The height bias is larger than random errors of VLBI position estimates, implying the possibility of significant scale distortions related to antenna gravitational deformations. This demonstrates the need to precisely measure gravitational deformations of other VLBI telescopes, to derive their precise SPV models and to apply them in routine geodetic data analysis.
C1 [Sarti, Pierguido; Abbondanza, Claudio; Negusini, Monia] Ist Nazl Astrofis INAF, Ist Radioastron IRA, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
[Petrov, Leonid] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ADNET Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Sarti, P (reprint author), Ist Nazl Astrofis INAF, Ist Radioastron IRA, Via P Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
EM p.sarti@ira.inaf.it
RI Sarti, Pierguido/D-2391-2009; Negusini, Monia/N-6493-2015
OI Sarti, Pierguido/0000-0003-1260-5587; Negusini,
Monia/0000-0002-0064-5533
NR 23
TC 15
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0949-7714
J9 J GEODESY
JI J. Geodesy
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 85
IS 1
BP 1
EP 8
DI 10.1007/s00190-010-0410-6
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
GA 711QU
UT WOS:000286607300001
ER
PT J
AU Pany, A
Bohm, J
MacMillan, D
Schuh, H
Nilsson, T
Wresnik, J
AF Pany, A.
Boehm, J.
MacMillan, D.
Schuh, H.
Nilsson, T.
Wresnik, J.
TI Monte Carlo simulations of the impact of troposphere, clock and
measurement errors on the repeatability of VLBI positions
SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY
LA English
DT Article
DE VLBI; VLBI2010; Monte Carlo simulations
ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; STRUCTURE CONSTANT; TURBULENCE; VARIABILITY;
PARAMETERS; GRADIENTS; GEODESY; ALASKA; RADAR; PHASE
AB Within the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out to design the next generation VLBI system ("VLBI2010"). Simulated VLBI observables were generated taking into account the three most important stochastic error sources in VLBI, i.e. wet troposphere delay, station clock, and measurement error. Based on realistic physical properties of the troposphere and clocks we ran simulations to investigate the influence of the troposphere on VLBI analyses, and to gain information about the role of clock performance and measurement errors of the receiving system in the process of reaching VLBI2010's goal of mm position accuracy on a global scale. Our simulations confirm that the wet troposphere delay is the most important of these three error sources. We did not observe significant improvement of geodetic parameters if the clocks were simulated with an Allan standard deviation better than 1 x 10(-14) at 50 min and found the impact of measurement errors to be relatively small compared with the impact of the troposphere. Along with simulations to test different network sizes, scheduling strategies, and antenna slew rates these studies were used as a basis for the definition and specification of VLBI2010 antennas and recording system and might also be an example for other space geodetic techniques.
C1 [Pany, A.; Boehm, J.; Schuh, H.; Nilsson, T.; Wresnik, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
[MacMillan, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NVI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Pany, A (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
EM andrea.pany@tuwien.ac.at
RI Nilsson, Tobias/D-3764-2012; Bohm, Johannes/H-9161-2013
OI Nilsson, Tobias/0000-0003-4103-9078; Bohm, Johannes/0000-0002-1208-5473
FU FWF [F12800050201]; Austrian Academy of Sciences
FX We are very grateful to Anthony Searle from NRCan, Canada, for
generating and providing the test schedules used for these
investigations. We thank Ruben Sharma for his work on the turbulence
parameter simulation study using Calc/Solve. Special thanks also to Bill
Petrachenko, Arthur Niell, and the other members of the VLBI2010
Committee for the many valuable comments and fruitful discussions during
our weekly teleconferences. Also, we would like to thank Arthur Niell,
Oleg Titov, and three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to
significantly improve this paper. Andrea Pany is a grateful recipient of
a DOC-fFORTE fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Jorg
Wresnik and Johannes Bohm would like to thank the FWF for funding
project F12800050201.
NR 34
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0949-7714
J9 J GEODESY
JI J. Geodesy
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 85
IS 1
BP 39
EP 50
DI 10.1007/s00190-010-0415-1
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
GA 711QU
UT WOS:000286607300004
ER
PT J
AU Kim, H
Kumano, T
Liou, MS
Povinelli, LA
Conners, TR
AF Kim, HyoungJin
Kumano, Takayasu
Liou, Meng-Sing
Povinelli, Louis A.
Conners, Timothy R.
TI Flow Simulation of Supersonic Inlet with Bypass Annular Duct
SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting
CY JAN 04-07, 2010
CL Orlando, FL
SP AIAA
ID COMPUTATIONS
AB A relaxed isentropic compression supersonic inlet is a new concept that produces smaller cowl drag than a conventional inlet, but incurs lower total pressure recovery and increased flow distortion in the (radially) outer flowpath. A supersonic inlet comprising a bypass annulus to the relaxed isentropic compression inlet dumps out airflow of low quality through the bypass duct. A reliable computational fluid dynamics solution can provide considerable useful information to ascertain quantitatively relative merits of the concept, and further provide a basis for optimizing the design. For a fast and reliable performance evaluation of the inlet performance, an equivalent axisymmetric model whose area changes accounts for geometric and physical (blockage) effects resulting from the original complex three-dimensional configuration is proposed. In addition, full three-dimensional calculations are conducted for studying flow phenomena and verifying the validity of the equivalent model. The inlet-engine coupling is carried out by embedding numerical propulsion system simulation engine data into the flow solver for interactive boundary conditions at the engine fan face and exhaust plane. It was found that the blockage resulting from complex three-dimensional geometries in the bypass duct causes significant degradation of inlet performance by pushing the terminal normal shock upstream.
C1 [Kim, HyoungJin; Kumano, Takayasu; Liou, Meng-Sing; Povinelli, Louis A.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Conners, Timothy R.] Gulfstream Aerosp Corp, Preliminary Design Dept, Savannah, GA 31402 USA.
RP Kim, H (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, 22800 Cedar Point Rd, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA.
NR 13
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA
SN 0748-4658
J9 J PROPUL POWER
JI J. Propul. Power
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 1
BP 29
EP 39
DI 10.2514/1.49028
PG 11
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA 711EZ
UT WOS:000286571200002
ER
PT J
AU Wirz, RE
Katz, I
Goebel, DM
Anderson, JR
AF Wirz, Richard E.
Katz, Ira
Goebel, Dan M.
Anderson, John R.
TI Electron Backstreaming Determination for Ion Thrusters
SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 44th Joint Propulsion Conference
CY JUL 20-23, 2008
CL Hartford, CT
SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE
AB Electron backstreaming in ion thrusters is caused by the random flux of beam electrons past a potential barrier established by the accelerator grid. A technique that integrates this flux over the radial extent or the harrier reveals important aspects of electron backstreaming phenomena for individual beamlets, across the thruster beam, and throughout thruster life. For individual beamlets it was found that over 99% of the electron backstreaming occurs in a small area at the center of the beamlet that is less than 20% the area of the beamlet at the potential barrier established by the accelerator grid. For the thruster beam it was found that over 99% of the backstreaming current occurs inside of r = 6 cm for the over 28 cm diameter NSTAR grid. Initial validation against extended life test data for the NSTAR thruster shows that the technique provides the correct behavior and magnitude of electron backstreaming limit, vertical bar V(ebs)vertical bar. From the sensitivity analyses it is apparent that accelerator grid chamfering due to sputter erosion contributes significantly to the sharp rise in electron backstreaming limit observed in the extended life test, but does not explain the rise in grid ion transparency. Reduction of the grid gap over the life of the thruster also contributes to increases in electron backstreaming limit and increases in ion transparency. Screen grid erosion contributes generally to rises in vertical bar V(ebs)vertical bar and grid ion transparency, but for the assumptions used herein, it appears to not have as much of an effect as chamfering or grid gap change. Overall, it is apparent that accelerator grid chamfering, grid gap change, and screen grid erosion are important to the increase in electron backstreaming observed during the NSTAR extended life test.
C1 [Wirz, Richard E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Katz, Ira; Anderson, John R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Grp, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA.
[Goebel, Dan M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Prop & Mat Engn Sect, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA.
RP Wirz, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza,Eng 4 46-147B, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM wirz@ucla.edu
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA
SN 0748-4658
J9 J PROPUL POWER
JI J. Propul. Power
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 1
BP 206
EP 210
DI 10.2514/1.46844
PG 5
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA 711EZ
UT WOS:000286571200019
ER
PT J
AU Wirz, RE
Anderson, JR
Katz, I
AF Wirz, Richard E.
Anderson, John R.
Katz, Ira
TI Time-Dependent Erosion of Ion Optics
SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 44th Joint Propulsion Conference
CY JUL 20-23, 2008
CL Hartford, CT
SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE
AB The accurate prediction of ion thruster life requires time-dependent erosion estimates for the ion optics assembly. Such information is critical to end-of-life mechanisms such as electron backstreaming. A two-dimensional ion optics code, CEX2D, was recently modified to handle time-dependent erosion, double ions, and multiple throttle conditions in a single run. The modified code is called CEX2D-t. Comparisons of CEX2D-t results with the NASA solar electric propulsion technology application readiness (NSTAR) thruster life demonstration test and extended life test results show good agreement for both screen and acceleration grid erosion, including important erosion features such as chamfering of the downstream end of the accelerator grid and reduced rate of accelerator grid aperture enlargement with time. The influence of double ions on grid erosion proved to be important for simulating the erosion observed during the NSTAR life demonstration test and extended life test.
C1 [Wirz, Richard E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Anderson, John R.; Katz, Ira] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Elect Prop Group, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA.
RP Wirz, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza,Eng 4 46-147B, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM wirz@ucla.edu
NR 18
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA
SN 0748-4658
J9 J PROPUL POWER
JI J. Propul. Power
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 1
BP 211
EP 217
DI 10.2514/1.46845
PG 7
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA 711EZ
UT WOS:000286571200020
ER
PT J
AU Howard, AM
Jones, BM
Serrano, N
AF Howard, Ayanna M.
Jones, Brandon M.
Serrano, Navid
TI Integrated Sensing for Entry, Descent, and Landing of a Robotic
Spacecraft
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
AB We present an integrated sensing approach for enabling autonomous landing of a robotic spacecraft on a hazardous terrain surface; this approach is active during the spacecraft descent profile. The methodology incorporates an image transformation algorithm to interpret temporal imagery land data, perform real-time detection and avoidance of terrain hazards that may impede safe landing, and increase the accuracy of landing at a desired site of interest using landmark localization techniques. By integrating a linguistic rule-based engine with linear algebra and computer vision techniques, the approach suitably addresses inherent uncertainty in the hazard assessment process while ensuring computational simplicity for real-time implementation during spacecraft descent. The proposed approach is able to identify new hazards as they emerge and also remember the locations of past hazards that might impede spacecraft landing. We provide details of the methodology in this paper and present simulation results of the approach applied to a representative Mars landing descent profile.
C1 [Howard, Ayanna M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Human Automat Syst Lab, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA.
[Jones, Brandon M.] Boeing Satellite Dev Ctr, El Segundo, CA USA.
[Serrano, Navid] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Howard, AM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Human Automat Syst Lab, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA.
EM ayanna.howard@ece.gatech.edu
NR 20
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9251
EI 1557-9603
J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS
JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 1
BP 295
EP 304
DI 10.1109/TAES.2011.5705676
PG 10
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 715YO
UT WOS:000286931800022
ER
PT J
AU Lee, S
Loth, E
Georgiadis, NJ
DeBonis, JR
AF Lee, S.
Loth, E.
Georgiadis, N. J.
DeBonis, J. R.
TI Effect of Mach Number on Flow Past Microramps
SO AIAA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT AIAA 39th Fluid Dynamics Conference
CY JUN 22-25, 2009
CL San Antonio, TX
SP AIAA
ID SUPERSONIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION
AB Micro vortex generators have the ability to alter the near-wall structure of compressible turbulent boundary layers to provide increased mixing of high-speed fluid, such that the boundary layer remains healthy even with some disturbance imparted to the flow. Because of their small size, micro vortex generators are embedded in the boundary layer and may provide reduced drag when compared with traditional vortex generators. To examine their potential, a detailed computational study was undertaken of microramps with a height of h similar to 0.5 delta in a supersonic boundary layer at M = 1.4, 2.2, and 3.0. The large eddy simulation results indicate that microramps have a greater impact at lower Mach number near the device, but this influence decays faster than at the higher Mach numbers. This may be due to the additional dissipation caused by the primary vortices with smaller effective diameter at the lower Mach number, such that their coherency is easily lost, causing the streamwise vorticity and the turbulent kinetic energy to decay quickly. The normal distance between the vortex core and the wall had similar growth, indicating weak correlation with the Mach number; however, the spanwise distance between the two counter-rotating cores further increases with lower Mach number.
C1 [Lee, S.; Loth, E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Georgiadis, N. J.; DeBonis, J. R.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Lee, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RI Lee, Sang/F-4023-2012; Loth, Eric/C-5805-2008
NR 22
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA
SN 0001-1452
J9 AIAA J
JI AIAA J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 1
BP 97
EP 110
DI 10.2514/1.J050267
PG 14
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA 707RT
UT WOS:000286304400007
ER
PT J
AU Goldberg, RK
Blinzler, BJ
Binienda, WK
AF Goldberg, Robert K.
Blinzler, Brina J.
Binienda, Wieslaw K.
TI Investigation of a Macromechanical Approach to Analyzing
Triaxially-Braided Polymer Composites
SO AIAA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures Structural Dynamics and Materials
Conference
CY APR 12-15, 2010
CL Orlando, FL
ID TEXTILE COMPOSITES; MODEL
AB A macro-level finite element-based model has been developed to simulate the mechanical and impact response of triaxially-braided polymer matrix composites. In the analytical model, the triaxial-braid architecture is simulated by using four parallel shell elements, each of which is modeled as a laminated composite. The commercial transient dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA is used to conduct the simulations, and a continuum damage mechanics model internal to LS-DYNA is used as the material constitutive model. The material stiffness and strength values required for the constitutive model are determined based on coupon-level tests on the braided composite. Simulations of quasi-static coupon tests of a representative braided composite are conducted. Varying the strength values that are input to the material model is found to have a significant influence on the effective material response predicted by the finite element analysis, sometimes in ways that at first glance appear nonintuitive. A parametric study involving the input strength parameters provides guidance on how the analysis model can be improved.
C1 [Goldberg, Robert K.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Mech & Life Predict Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Blinzler, Brina J.; Binienda, Wieslaw K.] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
RP Goldberg, RK (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Mech & Life Predict Branch, Mail Stop 49-7, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 11
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA
SN 0001-1452
J9 AIAA J
JI AIAA J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 1
BP 205
EP 215
DI 10.2514/1.J050675
PG 11
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA 707RT
UT WOS:000286304400017
ER
PT J
AU Miller, SAE
Veltin, J
AF Miller, Steven A. E.
Veltin, Jeremy
TI Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow Properties of
Supersonic Helium-Air Jets
SO AIAA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting
CY JAN 04-07, 2010
CL Orlando, FL
SP AIAA
ID MIXTURE JETS; TEMPERATURE; NOISE; SHOCK
AB Heated-high-speed subsonic and supersonic jets operating on- or off-design are a source of noise that is not yet fully understood. Helium air mixtures can be used to simulate the total temperature ratio of heated jets and hence have the potential to provide inexpensive and reliable flow and acoustic measurements. Accurate knowledge of the mean flow is a crucial initial step for a complete understanding of the noise generation mechanisms. This study focuses on providing close comparisons between measured mean flow properties of helium air mixture jets and results from simulations of similar mixed jets as well as heated air jets. Axisymmetric supersonic jets issuing from convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles are investigated, and the results show good agreement with heated air jet measurements. The flow properties are examined in detail to demonstrate the validity of simulating heat with the addition of helium. Excellent agreement is obtained in the presented data between the numerical predictions and the experiments, further justifying the helium addition methodology, as well as validating the frozen chemistry model used in the numerical simulations.
C1 [Miller, Steven A. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeroacoust Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Veltin, Jeremy] Penn State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Miller, SAE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeroacoust Branch, 2 N Dryden St,Mail Stop 461, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM s.miller@nasa.gov
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA
SN 0001-1452
J9 AIAA J
JI AIAA J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 1
BP 235
EP 246
DI 10.2514/1.J050720
PG 12
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA 707RT
UT WOS:000286304400019
ER
PT J
AU Varnai, T
Marshak, A
AF Varnai, Tamas
Marshak, Alexander
TI Global CALIPSO Observations of Aerosol Changes Near Clouds
SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Aerosol; cloud; Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite
Observation (CALIPSO); lidar; satellite
ID VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; MODIS
AB Several recent studies have found that clouds are surrounded by a transition zone of rapidly changing aerosol optical properties and particle size. Characterizing this transition zone is important for better understanding aerosol-cloud interactions and aerosol radiative effects, and also for improving satellite retrievals of aerosol properties. This letter presents a statistical analysis of a monthlong global data set of Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar observations over oceans. The results show that the transition zone is ubiquitous over all oceans and extends up to 15 km away from clouds. They also show that near-cloud enhancements in backscatter and particle size are strongest at low altitudes, slightly below the top of the nearest clouds. Also, the enhancements are similar near illuminated and shadowy cloud sides, which confirms that the asymmetry of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer reflectances found in an earlier study comes from 3-D radiative processes and not from differences in aerosol properties. Finally, the effects of CALIPSO aerosol detection and cloud identification uncertainties are discussed. The findings underline the importance of accounting for the transition zone to avoid potential biases in studies of satellite aerosol products, aerosol-cloud interactions, and aerosol direct radiative effects.
C1 [Varnai, Tamas] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Varnai, Tamas; Marshak, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Varnai, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM tamas.varnai@nasa.gov; Alexander.marshak@nasa.gov
RI Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
FX Manuscript received January 20, 2010; revised March 8, 2010; accepted
March 29, 2010. Date of publication June 21, 2010; date of current
version December 27, 2010. This work was supported by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Radiation Sciences Program
managed by Hal Maring.
NR 19
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 13
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1545-598X
J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S
JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 1
BP 19
EP 23
DI 10.1109/LGRS.2010.2049982
PG 5
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 701SP
UT WOS:000285844000005
ER
PT J
AU Hou, TH
Baughman, JM
Zimmerman, TJ
Sutter, JK
Gardner, JM
AF Hou, Tan-Hung
Baughman, James M.
Zimmerman, Thomas J.
Sutter, James K.
Gardner, John M.
TI Evaluation of Sandwich Structure Bonding in Out-Of-Autoclave (OOA)
Processing
SO SAMPE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPOSITES
AB The out-of autoclave-vacuum bag-only (OOA VBO) process is low in capital expenditures compared to the traditional autoclave, however, the material challenges for OOA-VBO workable material systems are high Presently there are few such aerospace grade prepreg materials available commercially In this study, we evaluated processing and properties of honeycomb sandwich structure (HC/SS) panels fabricated by co-curing composite face sheet with adhesives by the OOA-VBO process in an oven The prepreg materials were IM7/MTM 45-1 and T40 800B/5320 Adhesives studied were AF-555M, XMTA 241/PM15, FM-309 1M and FM-300K Aluminum H/C cores with and without perforations were included It was found that adhesives in IM7/MTM 45-1/AF 555M, T40-800B/5320/FM 309 1M and T40-800B/5320/FM-300K panels all foamed but yielded high flatwise tensile (FWT) strength values above 8,275 kPA (1,200 psi) IM7/MTM 45-1/XMTA-241/PM15 did not foam, yet yielded a low FWT strength SEM photomicrographs revealed that the origin of this low strength was poor adhesion in the interfaces between the adhesive and face sheet composite due to poor wetting associated with the high initial viscosity of the XMTA 241/PM15 adhesive
C1 [Hou, Tan-Hung] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Baughman, James M.] Lockheed Martin Engn & Serv Co, Hampton, VA USA.
[Zimmerman, Thomas J.] BG Smith & Associates Jacobs, Huntsville, AL USA.
[Sutter, James K.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA.
[Gardner, John M.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Norfolk, VA USA.
RP Hou, TH (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS
PI COVINA
PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA
SN 0091-1062
J9 SAMPE J
JI Sampe J.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 1
BP 32
EP 39
PG 8
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 699YZ
UT WOS:000285700600004
ER
PT B
AU Crockett, CJ
Mahmud, N
Prato, L
Johns-Krull, CM
Hartigan, P
Jaffe, DT
Beichman, CA
AF Crockett, Christopher J.
Mahmud, Naved
Prato, Lisa
Johns-Krull, Christopher M.
Hartigan, Patrick
Jaffe, Daniel T.
Beichman, Charles A.
BE JohnsKrull, CMJ
Browning, MK
West, AA
TI Finding the Youngest Planets
SO 16TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP ON COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun
CY AUG 28-SEP 03, 2010
CL Univ Washington, Seattle, WA
SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Astrobiol Inst, European Space Agcy, Astrophys Res Consortium/Apache Point Observ, Univ Washington Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Washington Dept Astron
HO Univ Washington
ID CLASSICAL T-TAURI; STELLAR ACTIVITY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MOLECULAR CLOUD;
STARS; VARIABILITY; ACCRETION; SEARCH; EVOLUTION; JUPITER
AB We are conducting a multiwavelength radial velocity (RV) survey of the Taurus-Auriga low-mass star forming region. The goal of this survey is to characterize the hot Jupiter population around a sample of 1-3 Myr old classical and weak-lined T Tauri stars. Given the young ages of these targets, a positive detection will help identify the planet formation timescale. The presence of large, cool star spots makes this a challenging environment in which to conduct an RV survey. To distinguish between spot-induced RV variability and true companions, we observe all of our targets in both visible light and K band: spot-induced RV variability exhibits a wavelength dependence that companion-induced variability does not. We present details on our methodology and analysis of several planet candidate targets.
C1 [Crockett, Christopher J.; Prato, Lisa] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Crockett, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Prato, Lisa; Johns-Krull, Christopher M.; Hartigan, Patrick] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
[Jaffe, Daniel T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Beichman, Charles A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Beichman, Charles A.] CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Crockett, CJ (reprint author), Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
FU NASA [05-SSO05-86, 07-SSO07-86]; NSF
FX The authors acknowledge the SIM Young Planets Key Project for
research support; funding was also provided by NASA Origins Grants
05-SSO05-86 and 07-SSO07-86. This work made use of the SIMBAD database,
the NASA Astrophysics Data System, and the Two Micron All Sky Survey
(2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and
IPAC/Caltech, funded by NASA and the NSF. We recognize the significant
cultural role thatMauna Kea plays in the indigenous Hawaiian community
and are grateful for the opportunity to observe there.
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-776-6
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2011
VL 448
BP 53
EP +
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BAK14
UT WOS:000304381600006
ER
PT B
AU Osten, RA
Godet, O
Drake, S
Tueller, J
Cummings, J
Krimm, H
Pye, J
Pal'shin, V
Golenetskii, S
Reale, F
Oates, SR
Page, MJ
Melandri, A
AF Osten, Rachel A.
Godet, Olivier
Drake, Stephen
Tueller, Jack
Cummings, Jay
Krimm, Hans
Pye, John
Pal'shin, Valentin
Golenetskii, Sergei
Reale, Fabio
Oates, Samantha R.
Page, Mat J.
Melandri, Andrea
BE JohnsKrull, CMJ
Browning, MK
West, AA
TI The Mouse that Roared: A SuperFlare from the dMe Flare Star EV Lac
Detected by Swift and Konus-Wind
SO 16TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP ON COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun
CY AUG 28-SEP 03, 2010
CL Univ Washington, Seattle, WA
SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Astrobiol Inst, European Space Agcy, Astrophys Res Consortium/Apache Point Observ, Univ Washington Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Washington Dept Astron
HO Univ Washington
ID RADIATIVE HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS; K-ALPHA EMISSION; X-RAY; SOLAR-FLARES;
EV-LACERTAE; ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION
AB We report on a large stellar flare from the nearby dMe flare star EV Lac observed by the Swift and Konus-Wind satellites and the Liverpool Telescope. It is the first large stellar flare from a dMe flare star to result in a Swift trigger based on its hard X-ray intensity. Its peak f(X) from 0.3-100 keV of 5.3x10(-8) erg cm(-2) s(-1) is nearly 7000 times larger than the star's quiescent coronal flux, and the change in magnitude in the white filter is >= 4.7. This flare also caused a transient increase in EV Lac's bolometric luminosity (L-bol) during the early stages of the flare, with a peak estimated L-X/L-bol similar to 3.1. We apply flare loop hydrodynamic modeling to the plasma parameter temporal changes to derive a loop semi-length of l/R-* = 0.37 +/- 0.07. The soft X-ray spectrum of the flare reveals evidence of iron K alpha emission at 6.4 keV. We model the K alpha emission as fluorescence from the hot flare source irradiating the photospheric iron, and derive loop heights of h/R-* =0.1, consistent within factors of a few with the heights inferred from hydrodynamic modeling. The Ka emission feature shows variability on time scales of similar to 200 s which is difficult to interpret using the pure fluorescence hypothesis. We examine K alpha emission produced by collisional ionization from accelerated particles, and find parameter values for the spectrum of accelerated particles which can accommodate the increased amount of K alpha flux and the lack of observed nonthermal emission in the 20-50 keV spectral region.
C1 [Osten, Rachel A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Godet, Olivier] Univ Toulouse 1, CESR, UPS, F-31028 Toulouse 9, France.
[Drake, Stephen; Tueller, Jack; Cummings, Jay; Krimm, Hans] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Pye, John] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
[Pal'shin, Valentin; Golenetskii, Sergei] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Lab Expt Astrophys, St Petersburg 194021, Russia.
[Reale, Fabio] Univ Palermo, Lip Sci Fis & Astron Sez Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy.
[Oates, Samantha R.; Page, Mat J.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
RP Osten, RA (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RI Pal'shin, Valentin/F-3973-2014; Golenetskii, Sergey/B-3818-2015
FU Russian Space Agency contract and RFBR [09-02-00166a]
FX This work made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre
at the University of Leicester. The Konus-Wind experiment is supported
by a Russian Space Agency contract and RFBR grant 09-02-00166a.We thank
the Swift team for the ToO on Swift ~1 year after the flare to determine
the quiescent level of EV Lac in several UVOT filters.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-776-6
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2011
VL 448
BP 293
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BAK14
UT WOS:000304381600030
ER
PT S
AU Panangadan, A
Talukder, A
AF Panangadan, Anand
Talukder, Ashit
GP IEEE
TI Interleaving Wavelet Coefficients for Adaptive Data Transmission from
Pervasive Sensing Systems
SO 2011 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND
NETWORKS (ICCCN)
SE IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 20th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks
(ICCCN)
CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2011
CL HI
SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, U. S. Nat Sci Fdn (NSF), QUALCOMM, Microsoft Res, Eic
ID MODELS
AB The paper describes a method for adaptive transmission of data over error-prone wireless links and suited to the limitations of embedded pervasive sensing systems. The technique performs a multiresolution wavelet transform on the data followed by interleaving the resulting coefficients among the transmitted packets. The interleaving scheme is designed to facilitate estimation of coefficients lost during transmission by minimizing the correlation between elements in one packet. A correlation model between detail coefficients obtained from a wavelet transform of Gauss-Markov processes is used to estimate the optimal distribution of coefficients to packets. The interleaving ensures that packet loss results in noncontiguous "gaps" in the reconstructed wavelet tree. The original data is reconstructed by polynomial interpolation of the missing coefficients from correlated neighboring coefficient. We present simulation results that show the performance of our scheme on both real-world and simulated datasets.
C1 [Panangadan, Anand] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Saban Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 92007 USA.
[Talukder, Ashit] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA.
RP Panangadan, A (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Saban Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 92007 USA.
EM APanangadan@chla.usc.edu; Ashit.Talulder@jpl.nasa.gov
FU National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute
of Health; Department of Health and Human Services [N01AA33004]
FX This work has been sponsored in whole with federal funds from the
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute
of Health, Department of Health and Human Services under Contract no.
N01AA33004.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1095-2055
BN 978-1-4577-0638-7
J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET
PY 2011
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
SC Computer Science
GA BYL72
UT WOS:000299260700097
ER
PT S
AU Balasubramanian, D
Pap, G
Nine, H
Karsai, G
Lowry, M
Pasareanu, C
Pressburger, T
AF Balasubramanian, Daniel
Pap, Gabor
Nine, Harmon
Karsai, Gabor
Lowry, Michael
Pasareanu, Corina
Pressburger, Tom
GP IEEE
TI Rapid Property Specification and Checking for Model-Based Formalisms
SO 2011 22ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING (RSP)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping (RSP)
CY MAY 24-27, 2011
CL Karlsruhe, GERMANY
SP IEEE, IEEE Reliabil Soc, Karlsruhe Inst Technol (KIT)
AB In model-based development, verification techniques can be used to check whether an abstract model satisfies a set of properties. Ideally, implementation code generated from these models can also be verified against similar properties. However, the distance between the property specification languages and the implementation makes verifying such generated code difficult. Optimizations and renamings can blur the correspondence between the two, further increasing the difficulty of specifying verification properties on the generated code. This paper describes methods for specifying verification properties on abstract models that are then checked on implementation level code. These properties are translated by an extended code generator into implementation code and special annotations that are used by a software model checker.
C1 [Balasubramanian, Daniel; Pap, Gabor; Nine, Harmon; Karsai, Gabor] Vanderbilt Univ, ISIS, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
[Lowry, Michael; Pasareanu, Corina; Pressburger, Tom] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Balasubramanian, D (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, ISIS, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
EM daniel.a.balasubramanian@vanderbilt.edu; gabor.pap@vanderbilt.edu;
harmon.s.nine@vanderbilt.edu; gabor.karsai@vanderbilt.edu;
michael.r.lowry@nasa.gov; corina.s.pasareanu@nasa.gov;
tom.pressburger@nasa.gov
FU NASA [NNX09AV58A]
FX The work described in this paper has been supported by NASA under
Cooperative Agreement NNX09AV58A. Any opinions, findings, and
conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of
the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors would also like to
thank Michael Whalen for valuable discussions and feedback.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1074-6005
BN 978-1-4577-0660-8
J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT
PY 2011
BP 121
EP 127
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software
Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BYK26
UT WOS:000299097100018
ER
PT S
AU Boussaha, F
Kawamura, J
Stern, J
Skalare, A
White, V
Jung, C
Mehdi, I
AF Boussaha, F.
Kawamura, J.
Stern, J.
Skalare, A.
White, V.
Jung, C.
Mehdi, I.
BE Koch, M
TI Development of Waveguide Balanced HEB Receivers beyond 2 THz
SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND
TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ)
SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz
Waves (IRMMW-THz)
CY OCT 02-07, 2011
CL Houston, TX
SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong
AB We are developing balanced waveguide-based receivers operating at THz frequencies for astronomical applications. The receivers are based on NbN HEB mixers and quadrature hybrid coupler. Beyond 1.5 THz, the realization, among others, of waveguides by conventional machining fabrication techniques becomes complicated and innovative techniques such as gold-plating and Silicon micromachining technologies are used. As first step, we already developed a very sensitive single waveguide-based HEB mixer operating around 2.7 THz using the gold-plating technique.
C1 [Boussaha, F.; Kawamura, J.; Stern, J.; Skalare, A.; White, V.; Jung, C.; Mehdi, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Boussaha, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2162-2027
BN 978-1-4577-0509-0
J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BJT73
UT WOS:000330296300083
ER
PT S
AU Jung, C
Lee, C
Chattopadhyay, G
Siles, J
Reck, T
Lin, R
Cooper, K
Mehdi, I
AF Jung, C.
Lee, C.
Chattopadhyay, G.
Siles, J.
Reck, T.
Lin, R.
Cooper, K.
Mehdi, I.
BE Koch, M
TI Silicon Nanofabrication Technologies for compact integrated receivers
working at THz frequencies
SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND
TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ)
SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz
Waves (IRMMW-THz)
CY OCT 02-07, 2011
CL Houston, TX
SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong
AB Silicon nanofabrication technologies provide precise dimensional control and batch processing capability. These features have been exploited to enable novel active and passive components in the submillimeter-wave region. We report on silicon micromachined methodologies that will enable large format submillimeter-wave heterodyne arrays and 3-D integration of the whole receiver front-end.
C1 [Jung, C.; Lee, C.; Chattopadhyay, G.; Siles, J.; Reck, T.; Lin, R.; Cooper, K.; Mehdi, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Jung, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2162-2027
BN 978-1-4577-0509-0
J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BJT73
UT WOS:000330296300014
ER
PT S
AU Lee, C
Llombart, N
Jung, C
Chattopadhyay, G
Mehdi, I
AF Lee, Choonsup
Llombart, Nuria
Jung, Cecile
Chattopadhyay, Goutam
Mehdi, I.
BE Koch, M
TI Silicon Micromachined Microlens Array for THz Antenna
SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND
TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ)
SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz
Waves (IRMMW-THz)
CY OCT 02-07, 2011
CL Houston, TX
SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong
AB We have developed a 5 x 5 silicon microlens array using silicon micromachining technique for silicon based THz antenna array. The feature of silicon micromachining technique enables one to microfabricate unlimited number of microlens arrays at one time with good uniformity on a silicon wafer. This technique will resolve one of the key issues in building THz camera which is to integrate antennas in detector array.
C1 [Lee, Choonsup; Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Mehdi, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Lee, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2162-2027
BN 978-1-4577-0509-0
J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BJT73
UT WOS:000330296300103
ER
PT S
AU Patre, P
Joshi, SM
AF Patre, Parag
Joshi, Suresh M.
GP IEEE
TI Decentralized Adaptive Control of Systems with Uncertain
Interconnections, Plant-Model Mismatch and Actuator Failures
SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE
SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT American Control Conference (ACC)
CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011
CL San Fransisco, CA
SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol
AB Decentralized adaptive control is considered for systems consisting of multiple interconnected subsystems. It is assumed that each subsystem's parameters are uncertain and the interconnection parameters are not known. In addition, mismatch can exist between each subsystem and its reference model. A strictly decentralized adaptive control scheme is developed, wherein each subsystem has access only to its own state but has the knowledge of all reference model states. The mismatch is estimated online for each subsystem and the mismatch estimates are used to adaptively modify the corresponding reference models. The adaptive control scheme is extended to the case with actuator failures in addition to mismatch.
C1 [Patre, Parag; Joshi, Suresh M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Patre, P (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM parag.patre@nasa.gov; suresh.m.joshi@nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0743-1619
BN 978-1-4577-0081-1
J9 P AMER CONTR CONF
PY 2011
BP 4201
EP 4206
PG 6
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BWZ06
UT WOS:000295376005020
ER
PT S
AU Acikmese, B
Mandic, M
AF Acikmese, Behcet
Mandic, Milan
GP IEEE
TI Decentralized Observer with a Consensus Filter for Distributed
Discrete-Time Linear Systems
SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE
SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT American Control Conference (ACC)
CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol
ID MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; NETWORKS; AGENTS
AB This paper presents a decentralized observer with a consensus filter for the state observation of a discrete-time linear distributed systems. In this setup, each agent in the distributed system has an observer with a model of the plant that utilizes the set of locally available measurements, which may not make the full plant state detectable. This lack of detectability is overcome by utilizing a consensus filter that blends the state estimate of each agent with its neighbors' estimates. We assume that the communication graph is connected for all times as well as the sensing graph. It is proven that the state estimates of the proposed observer asymptotically converge to the actual plant states under arbitrarily changing, but connected, communication and sensing topologies. As a byproduct of this research, we also obtained a result on the location of eigenvalues, the spectrum, of the Laplacian for a family of graphs with self-loops.
C1 [Acikmese, Behcet] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance & Control Anal Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Acikmese, Behcet; Mandic, Milan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA USA.
RP Acikmese, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance & Control Anal Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM behcet@jpl.nasa.gov; mandicm@ucla.edu
NR 24
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0743-1619
BN 978-1-4577-0081-1
J9 P AMER CONTR CONF
PY 2011
BP 4723
EP 4730
PG 8
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BWZ06
UT WOS:000295376005105
ER
PT S
AU Guerra, L
Fowler, WT
Brennan, MJ
AF Guerra, Lisa
Fowler, Wallace T.
Brennan, Martin James
GP ASEE
TI AC 2011-1009: SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND SPACECRAFT SUBSYSTEMS MODELING AS
PREREQUISITES FOR CAPSTONE DESIGN
SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION
SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition
CY JUN 26-29, 2011
CL Vancouver, CANADA
SP ASEE
AB A NASA project to improve university design education curricula has resulted in the addition of an undergraduate introduction to systems engineering and a spacecraft subsystems modeling laboratory as prerequisites to the capstone spacecraft/mission design course in aerospace engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. The systems engineering course materials, created by the second author, are based on NASA systems engineering practices and available in the public domain on the internet (http://spacese.spacegrant.org). The current paper summarizes the content of the systems engineering course, as well as a companion lab on modeling spacecraft subsystems, and focuses on the positive effects of introducing systems engineering prior to the capstone design course. The student designs since the introduction of the systems engineering prerequisite have been more complete, better conceived, better documented, and much more professional than before. The student design team leadership has functioned more effectively and student oral presentations have been markedly improved. The effects of the systems engineering introduction are most apparent in the final written design reports. Summary information from an example student report is included here and the full report is available.
C1 [Guerra, Lisa] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Fowler, Wallace T.] Univ Texas Austin, Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Brennan, Martin James] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Guerra, L (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2153-5965
J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO
PY 2011
PG 9
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines;
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering
GA BF0CH
UT WOS:000378523001023
ER
PT S
AU Nagchaudhuri, A
Yilmaz, E
Daughtry, C
Bland, G
Mitra, M
AF Nagchaudhuri, Abhijit
Yilmaz, Emin
Daughtry, Craig
Bland, Geoffrey
Mitra, Madhumi
GP ASEE
TI ACTIVE LEARNING PROJECTS IN A MINORITY SERVING LAND GRANT UNIVERSITY
ADDRESS ENGINEERING CHALLENGES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND
ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP
SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION
SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition
CY JUN 26-29, 2011
CL Vancouver, CANADA
SP ASEE
AB This paper provides an overview of student activities during 2010 summer and beyond in projects titled Aerial Imaging and Remote Sensing for Precision Agriculture and Environmental Stewardship (AIRSPACES) and Environmentally Conscious Precision Agriculture: A Platform for Active Learning and Community Engagement led by the primary author. The paper highlights the kite aerial photography (KAP), remote controlled/autonomous instrumented boat (Aquabot), and optical sensor based nitrogen management efforts. Kite Aerial Photography (KAP), and the Remote Controlled Boat (Aquabot) endeavors were inspired by the remote sensing and environmental run-off monitoring facets of the ongoing "Precision Agriculture (PA)" project. The KAP and Aquabot projects were initiated by the NASA support for the Minority Serving Institute Partnership (MSIP) program in 2009 summer. Sustained involvement of students to address engineering challenges for sustainable agriculture and environmental stewardship has been facilitated by continued support from Maryland Space Grant Consortium/NASA and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The faculty and staff from programs in Natural Sciences, Agriculture, Aviation Sciences, Engineering, and Technology have partnered effectively in these multi-disciplinary undertakings. Active collaborations and campus visits of scientists and engineers at the USDA and NASA have not only promoted project goals, but also opened pathways for career opportunities and professional development for participating students and faculty respectively.
C1 [Nagchaudhuri, Abhijit] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Engn & Aviat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
[Yilmaz, Emin] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Engn Technol, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
[Daughtry, Craig; Bland, Geoffrey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Mitra, Madhumi] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
RP Nagchaudhuri, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Engn & Aviat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2153-5965
J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO
PY 2011
PG 11
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines;
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering
GA BF0CF
UT WOS:000378520702036
ER
PT S
AU Schmidt, PL
Zalewski, J
Murphy, GA
Morris, TH
Carmen, CL
van Susante, PJ
AF Schmidt, Peter L.
Zalewski, Janusz
Murphy, Gloria A.
Morris, Thomas H.
Carmen, Christina L.
van Susante, Paul J.
GP ASEE
TI AC 2011-1537: CASE STUDIES IN APPLICATION OF SYSTEM ENGINEERING
PRACTICES TO CAPSTONE PROJECTS
SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION
SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition
CY JUN 26-29, 2011
CL Vancouver, CANADA
SP ASEE
AB The Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sponsors a faculty fellowship program that engages researchers with interests aligned with current ESMD development programs. The faculty members are committed to run a capstone senior design project based on the materials and experience gained during the fellowship. For the 2010 - 2011 academic year, 5 projects were approved. These projects are in the areas of mechanical and electrical hardware design and optimization, fault prediction and extra planetary civil site preparation. This work summarizes the projects, describes the student teams performing the work, and comments on the integration of Systems Engineering principles into the projects, as well as the affected course curriculums.
C1 [Schmidt, Peter L.] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA.
[Zalewski, Janusz] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Comp Sci, Ft Myers, FL USA.
[Murphy, Gloria A.] NASA, John F Kennedy Space Ctr KSC, Explorat Syst Mission Directorate ESMD Space Gran, Merritt Isl, FL USA.
[Murphy, Gloria A.] NASA, John F Kennedy Space Ctr KSC, Lunabot Min Competit, Merritt Isl, FL USA.
[Morris, Thomas H.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
[Morris, Thomas H.] Mississippi State Univ, CIPC, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
[Morris, Thomas H.] Mississippi State Univ, CCSR, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
[Carmen, Christina L.] Univ Alabama, Mech & Aerosp Engn MAE Dept, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[van Susante, Paul J.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Schmidt, PL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2153-5965
J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO
PY 2011
PG 23
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines;
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering
GA BF0CF
UT WOS:000378520705069
ER
PT S
AU Schoephoerster, RT
Wicker, R
Pineda, R
Choudhuri, A
AF Schoephoerster, Richard T.
Wicker, Ryan
Pineda, Ricardo
Choudhuri, Ahsan
GP ASEE
TI Integrating Professional Practice into the Engineering Curriculum: A
Proposed Model and Prototype Case with an Industry Partner
SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION
SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition
CY JUN 26-29, 2011
CL Vancouver, CANADA
SP ASEE
AB We present a case for a dramatic shift in the university-industry relationship for engineering programs, following recommendations from two 2008 reports on the future of engineering education. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching report(1) Educating Engineers: Designing for the Future of the Field established the "imperative for teaching for professional practice" in engineering education by providing the "engineering equivalent of the clinical dimension of medical preparation" that includes a "place to explore professional practice", not unlike the clinical sites utilized for the preparation of physicians. Dr. James Duderstadt's report(2) Engineering for a Changing World recommends the establishment of "graduate professional schools of engineering that would offer practice-based degrees at the post-baccalaureate level as the entry degree into the engineering profession," again using the training of physicians as an appropriate model. He also recommends the formation of "Discovery-Innovation Institutes," academia-industry-government partnerships for engineering, a cross between academic medical centers where education, research, and practice are synergistically united within one unit, and corporate R&D laboratories that link fundamental discoveries to innovative products and services through applied research.
C1 [Schoephoerster, Richard T.] Univ Texas El Paso, Coll Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
[Wicker, Ryan] Univ Texas El Paso, Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
[Wicker, Ryan] Univ Texas El Paso, WM Keck Ctr Innovat 3D, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
[Pineda, Ricardo] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
[Choudhuri, Ahsan] Univ Texas El Paso, NASA, Ctr Space Explorat & Technol Res, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
RP Schoephoerster, RT (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Coll Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2153-5965
J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO
PY 2011
PG 15
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines;
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering
GA BF0CG
UT WOS:000378522703012
ER
PT S
AU Franz, KJ
Frez, C
Chen, JF
Qiu, YM
Freilich, DV
Shterengas, L
Belenky, GL
Forouhar, S
AF Franz, Kale J.
Frez, Clifford
Chen, Jianfeng
Qiu, Yueming
Freilich, Daniel V.
Shterengas, Leon
Belenky, Gregory L.
Forouhar, Siamak
GP IEEE
TI GaSb-based high-power single-spatial-mode lasers at 2.0 mu m
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We report single spatial mode diode lasers operating near 2.05 mu m with room-temperature continuous-wave output power exceeding 100 mW. At 20 degrees C, threshold currents were near 25 mA (320 A/cm(2)).
C1 [Franz, Kale J.; Frez, Clifford; Qiu, Yueming; Freilich, Daniel V.; Forouhar, Siamak] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Chen, Jianfeng; Shterengas, Leon; Belenky, Gregory L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Franz, KJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM kale.franz@jpl.nasa.gov
FU Research and Technology Development Program of the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under National
Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX This research was sponsored by the Research and Technology Development
Program of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612402011
ER
PT S
AU Jiang, Y
Li, D
Lin, XM
Ding, YJJ
Wang, L
Zotova, IB
Prasad, NS
AF Jiang, Yi
Li, Da
Lin, Xiaomu
Ding, Yujie J.
Wang, Lei
Zotova, Ioulia B.
Prasad, Narasimha S.
GP IEEE
TI Enhancement on Surface-Emitting Second-Harmonic Generation by
Counter-Propagating Fundamental Beams in LiNbO3 Channel Waveguide by
Seven Orders of Magnitude
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID GEOMETRY
AB By coupling two counter-propagating fundamental beams into a LiNbO3 channel waveguide, we have generated a strong surface-emitting second-harmonic beam, with normalized conversion efficiency being enhanced by seven orders of magnitude. (C)2011 Optical Society of America
C1 [Jiang, Yi; Li, Da; Lin, Xiaomu; Ding, Yujie J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
[Wang, Lei] Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China.
[Zotova, Ioulia B.] ArkLight, Centre Valley, PA 18034 USA.
[Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
EM yud2@lehigh.edu
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401066
ER
PT S
AU Krainak, MA
Lu, W
Yang, GN
Sun, XL
Sykora, D
Jurkovic, M
Aebi, V
Costello, K
Burns, R
AF Krainak, Michael A.
Lu, Wei
Yang, Guangning
Sun, Xiaoli
Sykora, Derek
Jurkovic, Mike
Aebi, Verle
Costello, Ken
Burns, Richard
GP IEEE
TI Low-Timing-Jitter Near-Infrared Single-Photon-Sensitive 16-Channel
Intensified-Photodiode Detector
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID HYBRID PHOTOMULTIPLIER
AB We developed a 16-channel InGaAsP photocathode intensified-photodiode (IPD) detector with 78 ps (1-sigma) timing-jitter, < 500 ps FWHM impulse response, > 15% quantum efficiency at 1064 nm wavelength with 131 kcps dark counts at 15 C. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Krainak, Michael A.; Lu, Wei; Yang, Guangning; Sun, Xiaoli] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Sykora, Derek; Jurkovic, Mike; Aebi, Verle; Costello, Ken; Burns, Richard] Intevac Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA.
RP Krainak, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401425
ER
PT S
AU Li, D
Jiang, Y
Ding, YJJ
Ooi, BS
Zotova, IB
Prasad, NS
AF Li, Da
Jiang, Yi
Ding, Yujie J.
Ooi, Boon S.
Zotova, Ioulia B.
Prasad, Narasimha S.
GP IEEE
TI Single-Photon Detection in Near-Infrared Region Based on Frequency
Upconversion in MgO-Doped Periodically-Poled Lithium Niobate Waveguide
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
ID EFFICIENT
AB MgO-doped periodically-poled LiNbO3 waveguide is used to up-convert photons at 1.535-1.568 mu m to those at 598-603 nm, which can be detected by avalanche photodetector at single-photon counting level. Conversion efficiencies up to 45% are achieved. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
C1 [Li, Da; Jiang, Yi; Ding, Yujie J.; Ooi, Boon S.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
[Zotova, Ioulia B.] ArkLight, Center Valley, PA 18094 USA.
[Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Li, D (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
EM yud2@lehigh.edu
RI Ooi, Boon/D-4370-2011
OI Ooi, Boon/0000-0001-9606-5578
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612401063
ER
PT S
AU McGill, M
Markus, T
AF McGill, Matthew
Markus, Thorsten
GP IEEE
TI ICESat-2 and the Importance of Space-Based Laser Altimetry Measurements
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB This presentation will summarize the motivation for space-based laser altimetry, the science requirements for ICESat-2, and the current concept for the ICESat-2 mission. ICESat-2 will employ a photon-counting measurement approach using a high-repetition rate laser in a multi-beam configuration.
C1 [McGill, Matthew; Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP McGill, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM matthew.j.mcgill@nasa.gov; thorsten.markus-1@nasa.gov
RI Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012; McGill, Matthew/D-8176-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612400027
ER
PT S
AU Stysley, PR
Coyle, DB
Kay, RB
Frederickson, R
Poulios, D
Blair, B
Scott, S
Arnold, E
AF Stysley, Paul R.
Coyle, D. Barry
Kay, Richard B.
Frederickson, Robert
Poulios, Demetrios
Blair, Bryan
Scott, Stan
Arnold, Ed
GP IEEE
TI Y Lifetest of the High Output Maximum Efficiency Resonator (HOMER) Laser
for the SAFFIRE Instrument on NASA's DESDynI Project
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We update the status of a diode-pumped, Nd:YAG oscillator that is the prototype laser for NASA's DESDynI mission. After completing TRL-6 testing, this laser has fired over 5.5 billion shots in lifetesting. (C)2011 Optical Society of America
C1 [Stysley, Paul R.; Coyle, D. Barry; Blair, Bryan; Scott, Stan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kay, Richard B.; Poulios, Demetrios] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA.
[Frederickson, Robert; Arnold, Ed] Sci Syst Applicat Inc,, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Stysley, PR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM paul.stysley@nasa.gov
RI Blair, James/D-3881-2013
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612403161
ER
PT S
AU Sun, XL
Abshire, JB
AF Sun, Xiaoli
Abshire, James B.
GP IEEE
TI Signal to Noise Ratios of Pulsed and Sinewave Modulated Direct Detection
Lidar for IPDA Measurements
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB The signal-to-noise ratios have been derived for IPDA lidar using a direct detection receiver for both pulsed and sinewave laser modulation techniques, and the results and laboratory measurements are presented.
C1 [Sun, Xiaoli; Abshire, James B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Sun, XL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 694, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM xiaoli.sun@nasa.gov
RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612402426
ER
PT S
AU Sun, XL
Jester, PL
Abshire, JB
Chang, ES
AF Sun, Xiaoli
Jester, Peggy L.
Abshire, James B.
Chang, Edward S.
GP IEEE
TI Performance of the GLAS Space Lidar Receiver through its Seven-Year
Space Mission
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We report the receiver performance and key components' characteristics of the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on ICESat after seven years in space as monitored during the mission and tests at the end of mission.
C1 [Sun, Xiaoli; Jester, Peggy L.; Abshire, James B.; Chang, Edward S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Sun, XL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 694-614-690-428, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM xiaoli.sun-1@nasa.gov
RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612400028
ER
PT S
AU Wang, CC
Trivedi, S
Kutcher, S
Rodriguez, P
Jin, F
Swaminathan, V
Nagaraj, S
Quoraishee, S
Prasad, NS
AF Wang, Chen-Chia
Trivedi, Sudhir
Kutcher, Susan
Rodriguez, Ponciano
Jin, Feng
Swaminathan, V.
Nagaraj, Sheela
Quoraishee, Shafik
Prasad, Narasimha S.
GP IEEE
TI Non-Contact Human Cardiac Activity Monitoring Using a High Sensitivity
Pulsed Laser Vibrometer
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB We demonstrate the use of a high sensitivity pulsed laser vibrometer to determine remotely the detailed, time-phased mechanical workings of various parts of the human heart. Results reported are validated by electrocardiography and accelerometer readings. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America
C1 [Wang, Chen-Chia; Trivedi, Sudhir; Kutcher, Susan; Rodriguez, Ponciano; Jin, Feng] Brimrose Corp Amer, 7720 Belair Rd, Baltimore, MD 21236 USA.
[Swaminathan, V.; Nagaraj, Sheela; Quoraishee, Shafik] US Army, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA.
[Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Wang, CC (reprint author), Brimrose Corp Amer, 7720 Belair Rd, Baltimore, MD 21236 USA.
EM ccwang@Brimrose.com
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612402148
ER
PT S
AU Yu, AW
Harding, DJ
Krainak, MA
Abshire, JB
Sun, XL
Cavanaugh, JF
Valett, SR
Ramos-Izquierdo, LA
AF Yu, Anthony W.
Harding, David J.
Krainak, Michael A.
Abshire, James B.
Sun, Xiaoli
Cavanaugh, John F.
Valett, Susan R.
Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis A.
GP IEEE
TI Development of an Airborne Lidar Surface Topography Simulator
SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO)
SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
CY MAY 01-06, 2011
CL Baltimore, MD
AB In this paper we will discuss our development progress on a non-scanning, swath mapping laser altimetry system. This paper will discuss the system approach, enabling technologies and instrument concept for the swath mapping laser altimetry.
C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Harding, David J.; Krainak, Michael A.; Abshire, James B.; Sun, Xiaoli; Cavanaugh, John F.; Valett, Susan R.; Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
EM anthony.w.yu@gmail.com
RI Harding, David/F-5913-2012; Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Abshire,
James/I-2800-2013
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2160-9020
BN 978-1-55752-910-7
J9 CONF LASER ELECTR
PY 2011
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA BXB77
UT WOS:000295612400030
ER
PT J
AU Gowda, S
Parsons, A
Jarnot, R
Werthimer, D
AF Gowda, Suraj
Parsons, Aaron
Jarnot, Robert
Werthimer, Dan
BE Chow, P
Wirthlin, M
TI Automated Placement for Parallelized FPGA FFTs
SO 2011 IEEE 19TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE
CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES (FCCM)
SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE 19th Annual International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom
Computing Machines (FCCM)
CY MAY 01-03, 2011
CL Campus Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, Microsoft Res, Xilinx, Altera, 4DSP, Algorithms Log (Algo-Logic), Atom Rules
HO Campus Univ Utah
AB We present an automated placement algorithm for a high-bandwidth, streaming fast Fourier transform (FFT) generated using an open-source core generator. For radio spectral line analysis, we generate a 2048-point FFT for a standard commercial FPGA high-bandwidth spectrometer, which can process 16 digital samples per cycle simultaneously (streaming). Our placement algorithm enables this system to operate at 375 MHz and process a 6 GHz sampling rate, nearly 85% of the theoretical maximum FPGA clock rate. This algorithm is a special case of the junction tree algorithm from machine learning, and allows our design to support a 25% faster clock than the standard Xilinx toolflow implementation while using 50% less CPU time to compile. This gain is equivalent to gains induced by floorplanning with no hand placement.
C1 [Gowda, Suraj] Univ Calif Berkeley, EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Parsons, Aaron] Univ Calif Berkeley, Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Jarnot, Robert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Werthimer, Dan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Gowda, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM sgowda@eecs.berkeley.edu
FU National Science Foundation; SG; NASA's Space Grant; AP; AP is an NSF
Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellow
FX We would like to thank Xilinx, Inc. for generous chip and software
donations, and many collaborators including Mark Wagner (Berkeley),
Terry Filiba (Berkeley), David George (MeerKAT), Dr. Paul Stek (JPL),
and Dr. Sharmila Padmanabhan (JPL). We greatly appreciate funding from
the National Science Foundation. SG was supported in part by NASAs Space
Grant. AP is an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellow.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
BN 978-0-7695-4301-7
J9 ANN IEEE SYM FIELD P
PY 2011
BP 206
EP 209
DI 10.1109/FCCM.2011.52
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
SC Computer Science
GA BYH00
UT WOS:000298664800036
ER
PT S
AU Celaya, JR
Saxena, A
Vashchenko, V
Saha, S
Goebel, K
AF Celaya, Jose R.
Saxena, Abhinav
Vashchenko, Vladislav
Saha, Sankalita
Goebel, Kai
GP IEEE
TI Prognostics of Power MOSFET
SO 2011 IEEE 23RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
AND ICS (ISPSD)
SE Proceedings of the International Symposium on Power Semiconductor
Devices & ICs
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs
(ISPSD)
CY MAY 23-26, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE, IEEE Elect Device Soc (EDS), Inst Elect Engineers Japan (IEEJ), IEEE Power & Elect Soc
AB This paper demonstrates how to apply prognostics to power MOSFETs (metal oxide field effect transistor). The methodology uses thermal cycling to age devices and Gaussian process regression to perform prognostics. The approach is validated with experiments on 100V power MOSFETs. The failure mechanism for the stress conditions is determined to be die-attachment degradation. Change in ON-state resistance is used as a precursor of failure due to its dependence on junction temperature. The experimental data is augmented with a finite element analysis simulation that is based on a two-transistor model. The simulation assists in the interpretation of the degradation phenomena and SOA (safe operation area) change.
C1 [Celaya, Jose R.; Saxena, Abhinav] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Prognost Ctr Excellence, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Celaya, JR (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Prognost Ctr Excellence, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM jose.r.celaya@nasa.gov; abhinav.saxena@nasa.gov
NR 14
TC 6
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1943-653X
BN 978-1-4244-8424-9
J9 PROC INT SYMP POWER
PY 2011
BP 160
EP 163
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BWZ59
UT WOS:000295416300040
ER
PT S
AU Rowland, DE
Collier, MR
Sigwarth, JB
Jones, SL
Hill, JK
Benson, R
Choi, M
Chornay, D
Cooper, J
Feng, S
Gill, N
Goodloe, C
Han, L
Hancock, H
Hunsaker, F
Jones, N
Keller, JW
Klenzing, J
Kleyner, I
Moore, T
Ogilvie, K
Pfaff, R
Price, T
Roman, J
Rodruiguez, M
Rozmarynowski, P
Saulino, M
Sheikh, S
Simms, K
Yew, A
Young, E
Joseph, K
Boudreaux, M
Casas, J
Myre, CD
Billy, S
AF Rowland, Douglas E.
Collier, Michael R.
Sigwarth, John B.
Jones, Sarah L.
Hill, Joanne K.
Benson, Robert
Choi, Michael
Chornay, Dennis
Cooper, John
Feng, Steven
Gill, Nathaniel
Goodloe, Colby
Han, Lawrence
Hancock, Holly
Hunsaker, Floyd
Jones, Noble
Keller, John W.
Klenzing, Jeffrey
Kleyner, Igor
Moore, Tom
Ogilvie, Keith
Pfaff, Robert
Price, Tracy
Roman, Joe
Rodruiguez, Marcello
Rozmarynowski, Paul
Saulino, Mark
Sheikh, Salman
Simms, Ken
Yew, Alvin
Young, Eric
Joseph, Kujawski
Boudreaux, Mark
Casas, Joseph
Myre, C. D. R. David
Billy, Smith
GP IEEE
TI Science of Opportunity: Heliophysics on the FASTSAT Mission and STP-S26
SO 2011 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE
SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Aerospace Conference
CY MAR 05-12, 2011
CL Big Sky, MT
SP IEEE
ID SOLAR-WIND; NEUTRAL ATOMS; ION OUTFLOW; 1 AU; IMAGE; CUSP
AB The FASTSAT spacecraft, which was launched on November 19, 2010 on the DoD STP-S26 mission, carries three instruments developed in joint collaboration by NASA GSFC and the US Naval Academy: PISA, TTI, and MINI-ME.(1,2) As part of a rapid-development, low-cost instrument design and fabrication program, these instruments were a perfect match for FASTSAT, which was designed and built in less than one year. These instruments, while independently developed, provide a collaborative view of important processes in the upper atmosphere relating to solar and energetic particle input, atmospheric response, and ion outflow. PISA measures in-situ irregularities in electron number density, TTI provides limb measurements of the atomic oxygen temperature profile with altitude, and MINI-ME provides a unique look at ion populations by a remote sensing technique involving neutral atom imaging. Together with other instruments and payloads on STP-S26 such as the NSF RAX mission, FalconSat-5, and NanoSail-D (launched as a tertiary payload from FASTSAT), these instruments provide a valuable "constellation of opportunity" for following the flow of energy and charged and neutral particles through the upper atmosphere. Together, and for a small fraction of the price of a major mission, these spacecraft will measure the energetic electrons impacting the upper atmosphere, the ions leaving it, and the large-scale plasma and neutral response to these energy inputs. The result will be a new model for maximizing scientific return from multiple small, distributed payloads as secondary payloads on a larger launch vehicle.
C1 [Rowland, Douglas E.; Collier, Michael R.; Sigwarth, John B.; Jones, Sarah L.; Hill, Joanne K.; Benson, Robert; Choi, Michael; Chornay, Dennis; Cooper, John; Feng, Steven; Gill, Nathaniel; Goodloe, Colby; Han, Lawrence; Hancock, Holly; Hunsaker, Floyd; Jones, Noble; Keller, John W.; Klenzing, Jeffrey; Kleyner, Igor; Moore, Tom; Ogilvie, Keith; Pfaff, Robert; Price, Tracy; Roman, Joe; Rodruiguez, Marcello; Rozmarynowski, Paul; Saulino, Mark; Sheikh, Salman; Simms, Ken; Yew, Alvin; Young, Eric] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Joseph, Kujawski] Siena Coll, Dept Phys, Loudonville, NY 92051 USA.
[Boudreaux, Mark; Casas, Joseph] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Myre, C. D. R. David; Billy, Smith] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA.
RP Rowland, DE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Douglas.E.Rowland@nasa.gov
RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Klenzing, Jeff/E-2406-2011; Rowland,
Douglas/F-5589-2012; Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; Collier,
Michael/I-4864-2013; Keller, John/I-5097-2013; Jones, Sarah/D-5293-2012
OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; Klenzing, Jeff/0000-0001-8321-6074;
Rowland, Douglas/0000-0003-0948-6257; Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715;
Collier, Michael/0000-0001-9658-6605; Jones, Sarah/0000-0002-3816-4954
FU NASA MSFC; NASA GSFC IRAD program; DoD Space Test Program; Space
Experiments Review Board; US Naval Academy
FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the technical support,
leadership, and financial support of NASA MSFC, the NASA GSFC IRAD
program, the DoD Space Test Program and Space Experiments Review Board,
and the US Naval Academy. At USNA, in particular, we are grateful for
the leadership of Prof. Billy Smith, who kicked off the effort to fly
GSFC Heliophysics technology demonstration instruments on a low-cost
satellite. In addition, we would like to gratefully acknowledge the
leadership, grace, and dedication of two of our fallen team members, Dr.
John Sigwarth, and Floyd Hunsaker, who both passed away in December,
2010.
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1095-323X
BN 978-1-4244-7351-9
J9 AEROSP CONF PROC
PY 2011
PG 12
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BXL11
UT WOS:000296277200014
ER
PT S
AU Rowland, DE
Hill, J
Uribe, P
Klenzing, J
Hunsaker, F
Fowle, M
Simms, K
Hancock, H
Saulino, M
Guzman, D
Willingham, A
Weatherwax, A
Kujawski, J
McColgan, M
Carroll, R
Williams, J
DeMatteo, J
Ganel, O
Naegeli, C
Lutz, L
Dailey, C
AF Rowland, Douglas E.
Hill, Joanne
Uribe, Paulo
Klenzing, Jeffrey
Hunsaker, Floyd
Fowle, Maxwell
Simms, Ken
Hancock, Holly
Saulino, Mark
Guzman, David
Willingham, Allison
Weatherwax, Allan
Kujawski, Joseph
McColgan, M.
Carroll, Robert
Williams, Jennifer
DeMatteo, John
Ganel, Opher
Naegeli, Charles
Lutz, Larry
Dailey, Clark
GP IEEE
TI The NSF Firefly CubeSat Mission: Rideshare Mission to Study Energetic
Electrons Produced by Lightning
SO 2011 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE
SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Aerospace Conference
CY MAR 05-12, 2011
CL Big Sky, MT
SP IEEE
AB The NSF Firefly CubeSat is a 3U mission designed to perform cutting-edge science, as a secondary payload(1,2). Firefly will be the first dedicated mission launched to study Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs), their link to lightning, and their effect in producing energetic electrons that may become stably trapped in the inner radiation belt. Firefly demonstrates the capability of small missions such as CubeSat to do important, focused science, with maximal student involvement, and with a minimal budget and available resources. This presentation will focus on the Firefly mission design, as well as important lessons learned in the development, testing, and design. Future developments in CubeSat-class spacecraft for measurements of energetic radiation will be discussed.
C1 [Rowland, Douglas E.; Hill, Joanne; Uribe, Paulo; Klenzing, Jeffrey; Hunsaker, Floyd; Fowle, Maxwell; Simms, Ken; Hancock, Holly; Saulino, Mark; Guzman, David; Willingham, Allison] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Weatherwax, Allan; Kujawski, Joseph; McColgan, M.; Carroll, Robert; Williams, Jennifer; DeMatteo, John] Siena Coll, Dept Phys & Astronomy, Colonie, NY USA.
[Ganel, Opher; Naegeli, Charles; Lutz, Larry; Dailey, Clark] Hawk Inst Space Sci, Pocomoke City, MD USA.
RP Rowland, DE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Douglas.E.Rowland@nasa.gov
RI Klenzing, Jeff/E-2406-2011; Rowland, Douglas/F-5589-2012
OI Klenzing, Jeff/0000-0001-8321-6074; Rowland, Douglas/0000-0003-0948-6257
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1095-323X
BN 978-1-4244-7351-9
J9 AEROSP CONF PROC
PY 2011
PG 12
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BXL11
UT WOS:000296277200010
ER
PT S
AU Agogino, A
Rios, J
AF Agogino, Adrian
Rios, Joseph
GP IEEE
TI Robustness of Two Air Traffic Scheduling Approaches to Departure
Uncertainty
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Agogino, Adrian] US Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Rios, Joseph] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Agogino, A (reprint author), US Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
FU NSF [CNS-0931591]
FX This research was partially supported by NSF grant CNS-0931591.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 28
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957002007
ER
PT S
AU Agogino, A
Rios, J
AF Agogino, Adrian
Rios, Joseph
GP IEEE
TI ROBUSTNESS OF TWO AIR TRAFFIC SCHEDULING APPROACHES TO DEPARTURE
UNCERTAINTY
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
ID FLOW MANAGEMENT
AB Linear programming methods and non-linear, evolutionary algorithm-based optimization techniques have been shown to be effective in managing large-scale air traffic flow problems. However, many of these algorithms assume perfect knowledge therefore the robustness of these algorithms in the presence of uncertainties is questionable. Since real-world application of these methods require them to be effective under uncertainty (i.e. produce few unexpected capacity violations), it is critical that they are tested in such conditions. In this paper we test the effectiveness in the presence of uncertainty of a binary programming approach and a novel, fast-learning evolutionary algorithm. Specifically we change the assumed takeoff times on which these algorithms are trained, and test the resulting solutions when takeoff delays that are consistent with historical data are incorporated. Experimental results show that without uncertainty, both sets of algorithms are able to quickly produce solutions with few to no violations. In the presence of uncertainty, the performance of the algorithms degrade with respect to the amount of delay added, but are still very good. Even when uncertainty is extremely high, the expected delay is never increased more than 30%.
C1 [Agogino, Adrian] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UCSC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Rios, Joseph] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Agogino, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, UCSC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
FU NSF [CNS-0931591]
FX This research was partially supported by NSF grant CNS-0931591.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 8
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000038
ER
PT S
AU Brasil, C
Lee, P
Mainini, M
Homola, J
Lee, H
Prevot, T
Smith, N
AF Brasil, Connie
Lee, Paul
Mainini, Matthew
Homola, Jeffery
Lee, Hwasoo
Prevot, Thomas
Smith, Nancy
GP IEEE
TI TRAJECTORY ASSESSMENT AND MODIFICATION TOOLS FOR NEXT GENERATION AIR
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB This paper reviews three Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) based high fidelity air traffic control human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulations, with a focus on the expected requirement of enhanced automated trajectory assessment and modification tools to support future air traffic flow management (ATFM) planning positions. The simulations were conducted at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center's Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL) in 2009 and 2010. The test airspace for all three simulations assumed the mid-term NextGen En-Route high altitude environment utilizing high altitude sectors from the Kansas City and Memphis Air Route Traffic Control Centers.
Trajectory assessment, modification and coordination decision support tools were developed at the AOL in order to perform future ATFM tasks. Overall tool usage results and user acceptability ratings were collected across three areas of NextGen operations to evaluate the tools. In addition to the usefulness and usability feedback, feasibility issues, benefits, and future requirements were also addressed. Overall, the tool sets were rated very useful and usable, and many elements of the tools received high scores and were used frequently and successfully. Tool utilization results in all three HITLs showed both user and system benefits including better airspace throughput, reduced controller workload, and highly effective communication protocols in both full Data Comm and mixed-equipage environments.
C1 [Brasil, Connie; Lee, Paul; Mainini, Matthew; Homola, Jeffery; Lee, Hwasoo] San Jose State Univ, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Prevot, Thomas; Smith, Nancy] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Brasil, C (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Moffett Field, CA USA.
FU FAA's NextGen Airspace Project; MSP; FAM HITLs; NASA Airspace Systems
Programs office
FX The authors would like to thank the NASA Airspace Systems Programs
office and the FAAs NextGen Airspace Project for funding the work on the
MSP and FAM HITLs. Special thanks go to the MACS development team for
making it all happen and the AOL simulation team for all their efforts.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 15
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000067
ER
PT S
AU Callantine, TJ
Cabrall, C
Kupfer, M
Martin, L
Mercer, J
Palmer, EA
AF Callantine, Todd J.
Cabrall, Christopher
Kupfer, Michael
Martin, Lynne
Mercer, Joey
Palmer, Everett A.
GP IEEE
TI Investigating the Impact of Off-Nominal Events on High-Density 'Green'
Arrivals
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Callantine, Todd J.; Cabrall, Christopher; Kupfer, Michael; Martin, Lynne; Mercer, Joey] San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 95192 USA.
[Palmer, Everett A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Callantine, TJ (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 95192 USA.
FU NASA Airspace Systems Program Super Density Operations research focus
area (Shannon Zelinski, Associate Principle Investigator)
FX This research was supported by NASA Airspace Systems Program Super
Density Operations research focus area (Shannon Zelinski, Associate
Principle Investigator).
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 15
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957002012
ER
PT S
AU Callantine, TJ
Cabrall, C
Kupfer, M
Martin, L
Mercer, J
Palmer, EA
AF Callantine, Todd J.
Cabrall, Christopher
Kupfer, Michael
Martin, Lynne
Mercer, Joey
Palmer, Everett A.
GP IEEE
TI INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF OFF-NOMINAL EVENTS ON HIGH-DENSITY 'GREEN'
ARRIVALS
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB Trajectory-based controller tools developed to support a schedule-based terminal-area air traffic management (ATM) concept have been shown effective for enabling 'green' arrivals along Area Navigation (RNAV) routes in moderately high-density traffic conditions. A recent human-in-theloop simulation investigated the robustness of the concept and tools to off-nominal events-events that lead to situations in which runway arrival schedules require adjustments and controllers can no longer use speed control alone to impose the necessary delays. Study participants included a terminal-area Traffic Management Supervisor responsible for adjusting the schedules. Sector-controller participants could issue alternate RNAV transition routes to absorb large delays. The study also included real-time winds/ wind-forecast changes. The results indicate that arrival spacing accuracy, schedule conformance, and tool usage and usefulness are similar to that observed in simulations of nominal operations. However, the time and effort required to recover from an off-nominal event is highly context-sensitive, and impacted by the required schedule adjustments and control methods available for managing the evolving situation. The research suggests ways to bolster the off-nominal recovery process, and highlights challenges related to using human-in-theloop simulation to investigate the safety and robustness of advanced ATM concepts.
C1 [Callantine, Todd J.; Cabrall, Christopher; Kupfer, Michael; Martin, Lynne; Mercer, Joey] San Jose State Univ NASA Ames, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
[Palmer, Everett A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Callantine, TJ (reprint author), San Jose State Univ NASA Ames, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
EM Todd.Callantine@nasa.gov
FU NASA Airspace Systems Program Super Density Operations research focus
area (Shannon Zelinski, Associate Principle Investigator)
FX This research was supported by NASA Airspace Systems Program Super
Density Operations research focus area (Shannon Zelinski, Associate
Principle Investigator).
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 16
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000043
ER
PT B
AU Consiglio, MC
Chamberlain, JP
Wilson, SR
AF Consiglio, Maria C.
Chamberlain, James P.
Wilson, Sara R.
GP IEEE
TI INTEGRATION OF WEATHER AVOIDANCE AND TRAFFIC SEPARATION
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB This paper describes a dynamic convective weather avoidance concept that compensates for weather motion uncertainties; the integration of this weather avoidance concept into a prototype 4-D trajectory-based Airborne Separation Assurance System (ASAS) application; and test results from a batch (non-piloted) simulation of the integrated application with high traffic densities and a dynamic convective weather model. The weather model can simulate a number of pseudo-random hazardous weather patterns, such as slow- or fast-moving cells and opening or closing weather gaps, and also allows for modeling of onboard weather radar limitations in range and azimuth. The weather avoidance concept employs nested "core" and "avoid" polygons around convective weather cells, and the simulations assess the effectiveness of various avoid polygon sizes in the presence of different weather patterns, using traffic scenarios representing approximately two times the current traffic density in en-route airspace.
Results from the simulation experiment show that the weather avoidance concept is effective over a wide range of weather patterns and cell speeds. Avoid polygons that are only 2-3 miles larger than their core polygons are sufficient to account for weather uncertainties in almost all cases, and traffic separation performance does not appear to degrade with the addition of weather polygon avoidance. Additional "lessons learned" from the batch simulation study are discussed in the paper, along with insights for improving the weather avoidance concept.
C1 [Consiglio, Maria C.; Chamberlain, James P.; Wilson, Sara R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Consiglio, MC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON
PY 2011
PG 14
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000056
ER
PT S
AU Davies, MD
Limes, G
AF Davies, Misty D.
Limes, Greg
GP IEEE
TI Finding System-Level Failures in Flight-Critical Software Systems
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Davies, Misty D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Limes, Greg] CraigTech Inc, Cape Canavera, FL USA.
RP Davies, MD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 21
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957003046
ER
PT S
AU Davies, MD
Limes, G
AF Davies, Misty D.
Limes, Greg
GP IEEE
TI FINDING SYSTEM-LEVEL FAILURES IN FLIGHT-CRITICAL SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB NextGen civil aviation capabilities depend heavily on systems-of-systems that interact to produce unexpected behavior. To validate system-level goals, the prototype software for the system needs to be coupled with high-fidelity physics simulations of the hardware and the environment. The associated state spaces are massive and contain nonlinear and stochastic elements (like weather models) that formal methods do not currently treat easily. Testing methods that use machine learning have been shown to aid in exploring such systems. In particular, blind source selection methods can aid in intelligently reducing the state space, and feature selection methods can be used to choose input space features leading to desired or undesired output space behavior. When the global state space is too large to solve explicitly, we can use machine learning and statistical techniques to build models of the system. These simpler models enable us to predict behavior in the high-fidelity simulation, then adaptively refine the models as we test our predictions. This paper uses model-based testing to exercise a new air traffic control concept. The concept is implemented in software that helps controllers detect and resolve short-term conflicts between aircraft in the terminal airspace. The rules that determine whether or not aircraft are sufficiently separated within 40 miles of the terminal depend on aircraft weight, the flight rules, the type of approach, and whether the aircraft is arriving or departing. We show that model-based testing automates the process of feature selection and state-space reduction, enabling the analyst to quickly validate expected behavior and explore anomalies.
C1 [Davies, Misty D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Limes, Greg] CraigTech Inc, Tallahassee, FL USA.
RP Davies, MD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Misty.D.Davies@nasa.gov; Gregory.Limes@nasa.gov
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 10
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957001035
ER
PT B
AU Homola, J
Martin, L
Mercer, J
Cabrall, C
Prevot, T
AF Homola, Jeffrey
Martin, Lynne
Mercer, Joey
Cabrall, Christopher
Prevot, Thomas
GP IEEE
TI ALLOCATION OF FUNCTIONS IN A FAR-TERM AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL ENVIRONMENT
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Homola, Jeffrey; Martin, Lynne; Mercer, Joey; Cabrall, Christopher; Prevot, Thomas] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP Homola, J (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON
PY 2011
PG 34
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957001074
ER
PT S
AU Homola, J
Martin, L
Mercer, J
Cabrall, C
Prevot, T
AF Homola, Jeffrey
Martin, Lynne
Mercer, Joey
Cabrall, Christopher
Prevot, Thomas
GP IEEE
TI ALLOCATION OF FUNCTIONS IN A FAR-TERM AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL ENVIRONMENT
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
ID AUTOMATION
AB A human-in-the-loop exploration of a ground-based automated separation assurance concept was conducted that involved the allocation of certain functions between humans and automation. This exploration included operations that were sustained for prolonged periods of time with high levels of traffic in the presence of convective weather and scheduling constraints. In this environment, the automation was allocated the functions of detecting separation conflicts, resolving strategic and tactical conflicts, providing trajectory trial planning assistance, and alerting the controller to urgent problems. The controller was responsible for supervising the automation, resolving conflicts deferred by the automation, resolving convective weather conflicts, monitoring and maintaining schedule compliance, and placing free track aircraft back onto their trajectory. An investigation into the acceptability of these roles and performance of tasks was conducted where it was found that the participants rated the concept and allocation of functions with a high level of acceptability. However, issues were encountered with the automation related to the detection of and response to tactical conflicts. Lower ratings were given on account of these concerns, and it was found that a key contributor to the underlying problems was transitioning aircraft and the uncertainty of their trajectories. Stemming from those results, participants responded that they would rather have direct control over aircraft transitions as well as more control over the tactical conflict resolution automation. In contrast, participants responded that they would rather have the automation place aircraft back on trajectory, and perform weather avoidance and scheduling tasks.
C1 [Homola, Jeffrey; Martin, Lynne; Mercer, Joey; Cabrall, Christopher] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Prevot, Thomas] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP Homola, J (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 15
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000008
ER
PT S
AU Johnson, WW
Brandt, SL
Koteskey, R
Lachter, J
Dao, AQV
Battiste, V
Ligda, SV
Lim, V
Wu, SC
AF Johnson, Walter W.
Brandt, Summer L.
Koteskey, Robert
Lachter, Joel
Dao, Arik-Quang V.
Battiste, Vernol
Ligda, Sarah V.
Lim, Veranika
Wu, Shu-Chieh
GP IEEE
TI An Examination of Selected Datacom Options for the Near-Term
Implementation of Trajectory Based Operations
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Johnson, Walter W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Brandt, Summer L.; Koteskey, Robert; Lachter, Joel; Dao, Arik-Quang V.; Battiste, Vernol; Ligda, Sarah V.; Lim, Veranika; Wu, Shu-Chieh] San Jose State Univ, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP Johnson, WW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 27
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957002050
ER
PT S
AU Johnson, WW
Lachter, J
Battiste, V
Lim, V
Brandt, SL
Koteskey, RW
Dao, AQV
Ligda, SV
Wu, SC
AF Johnson, Walter W.
Lachter, Joel
Battiste, Vernol
Lim, Veranika
Brandt, Summer L.
Koteskey, Robert W.
Dao, Arik-Quang V.
Ligda, Sarah V.
Wu, Shu-Chieh
GP IEEE
TI AN EXAMINATION OF SELECTED DATACOM OPTIONS FOR THE NEAR-TERM
IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAJECTORY BASED OPERATIONS
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB A primary feature of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is trajectory based operations (TBO). Under TBO, aircraft flight plans are known to computer systems on the ground that aid in scheduling and separation. The Future Air Navigation System (FANS) was developed to support TBO, but relatively few aircraft in the US are FANS-equipped. Thus, any near-term implementation must provide TBO procedures for non-FANS aircraft. Previous research has explored controller clearances, but any implementation must also provide procedures for aircraft requests. The work presented here aims to surface issues surrounding TBO communication procedures for non-FANS aircraft and for aircraft requesting deviations around weather. Three types of communication were explored: Voice, FANS, and ACARS,(Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System). ACARS and FANS are datacom systems that differ in that FANS allows uplinked flight plans to be loaded into the Flight Management System (FMS), while ACARS delivers flight plans as text that must be entered manually via the Control Display Unit (CDU). Sixteen pilots (eight two-person flight decks) and four controllers participated in 32 20-minute scenarios that required the flight decks to navigate through convective weather as they approached their top of descents (TODs). Findings: The rate of non-conformance was higher than anticipated, with aircraft off path more than 20% of the time. Controllers did not differentiate between the ACARS and FANS datacom, and were mixed in their preference for Voice vs. datacom (ACARS and FANS). Pilots uniformly preferred Voice to datacom, particularly ACARS. Much of their dislike appears to result from the slow response times in the datacom conditions. As a result, participants frequently resorted to voice communication. These results imply that, before implementing TBO in environments where pilots make weather deviation requests, further research is needed to develop communication procedures that integrate voice and datacom.
C1 [Johnson, Walter W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Lachter, Joel; Battiste, Vernol; Lim, Veranika; Brandt, Summer L.; Koteskey, Robert W.; Dao, Arik-Quang V.; Ligda, Sarah V.; Wu, Shu-Chieh] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
RP Johnson, WW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 16
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000089
ER
PT S
AU Khan, Z
Idris, H
Consiglio, M
Wing, D
AF Khan, Zahra
Idris, Husni
Consiglio, Maria
Wing, David
GP IEEE
TI SURVEILLANCE RANGE AND INTERFERENCE IMPACTS ON SELF-SEPARATION
PERFORMANCE
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB Self-separation is a concept of flight operations that aims to provide user benefits and increase airspace capacity by transferring traffic separation responsibility from ground-based controllers to the flight crew. Self-separation is enabled by cooperative airborne surveillance, such as that provided by the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) system and airborne separation assistance technologies. This paper describes an assessment of the impact of ADS-B system performance on the performance of self-separation as a step towards establishing far-term ADS-B performance requirements. Specifically, the impacts of ADS-B surveillance range and interference limitations were analyzed under different traffic density levels. The analysis was performed using a batch simulation of aircraft performing self-separation assisted by NASA's Autonomous Operations Planner prototype flight-deck tool, in two-dimensional airspace. An aircraft detected conflicts within a look-ahead time of ten minutes and resolved them using strategic closed trajectories or tactical open maneuvers if the time to loss of separation was below a threshold.
While a complex interaction was observed between the impacts of surveillance range and interference, as both factors are physically coupled, self-separation performance followed expected trends. An increase in surveillance range resulted in a decrease in the number of conflict detections, an increase in the average conflict detection lead time, and an increase in the percentage of conflict resolutions that were strategic. The majority of the benefit was observed when surveillance range was increased to a value corresponding to the conflict detection look-ahead time. The benefits were attenuated at higher interference levels. Increase in traffic density resulted in a significant increase in the number of conflict detections, as expected, but had no effect on the conflict detection lead time and the percentage of conflict resolutions that were strategic. With surveillance range corresponding to ADS-B minimum operational performance standards for Class A3 equipment and without background interference, a significant portion of conflict resolutions, 97 percent, were achieved in the preferred strategic mode. The majority of conflict resolutions, 71 percent, were strategic even with very high interference (over three times that expected in 2035).
C1 [Khan, Zahra; Idris, Husni] Engility Corp, Billerica, MA USA.
[Consiglio, Maria; Wing, David] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Khan, Z (reprint author), Engility Corp, Billerica, MA USA.
EM zahra.khan@engilitycorp.com; husni.idris@engilitycorp.com;
maria.c.consiglio@nasa.gov; david.wing@nasa.gov
FU Engility Corporation and Ramamohana Gubbala from Raytheon Technical
Services
FX Software development support for this work was provided by Tarek
El-Wakil from the Engility Corporation and Ramamohana Gubbala from
Raytheon Technical Services. The authors would like to also acknowledge
the NASA ATOL team for support in conducting the experiments. This
research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 16
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000092
ER
PT S
AU LaMarr, M
Ho, N
Johnson, W
Battiste, V
Martin, JBL
AF LaMarr, Michael
Ho, Nhut
Johnson, Walter
Battiste, Vernol
Martin, Joe Biviano Lockheed
GP IEEE
TI Enhancing Pilot Ability to Perform CDA with Descriptive Waypoints
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [LaMarr, Michael; Ho, Nhut] Calif State Univ Northridge, Syst Engn Res Lab, Northridge, CA 91330 USA.
[Johnson, Walter; Battiste, Vernol] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP LaMarr, M (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Syst Engn Res Lab, Northridge, CA 91330 USA.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 25
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957003029
ER
PT S
AU LaMarr, M
Ho, N
Johnson, W
Battiste, V
Biviano, J
AF LaMarr, Michael
Ho, Nhut
Johnson, Walter
Battiste, Vernol
Biviano, Joe
GP IEEE
TI ENHANCING PILOT ABILITY TO PERFORM CDA WITH DESCRIPTIVE WAYPOINTS
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB Aircraft noise is a burden on people living around airports and is an impediment to the growth of air transportation. Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) is an approach that reduces noise impact on the ground by keeping the aircraft at a higher altitude longer than standard approaches and by keeping engines idle or near idle. However, CDA implementation requires controllers to add large separation buffers between aircraft because aircraft of different sizes and weights descend at different rates, consequently creating uncertainty in separation between aircraft. This paper proposes a viable near-term solution to allow pilots perform CDA more consistently through the use of Descriptive Waypoints (DWs), or checkpoints in terms of altitudes and speeds along the CDA path that provide the pilot targets and feedback along the CDA path. A human in the loop study was conducted to develop and determine the effectiveness of using DWs to improve flight performance during CDA procedures, and provide recommendations on DW design and integration into existing CDA procedures.
Twelve instrument rated commercial pilots flew three different wind conditions using one, three, or five DWs. Dependent variables included: deviation from DW target altitude and Indicated Airspeed (IAS), average power usage, perceived workload, and pilot acceptance of DWs. Objective and subjective data were also collected to obtain pilot feedback on the design of DWs and their integration into CDA procedures, and determine pilot strategies while flying CDA with DWs.
The results showed that as the number of DW increases, mean altitude deviations from the DW targets decreased from 922 feet to 196 feet and standard deviations from 571 feet to 239 feet with a slight increase in perceived workload and one percent increase in power usage and. The pilots commented that the DWs provide useful feedback to strategize how to make corrections to the altitude deviation in the vertical path, and that they would feel comfortable having the DW integrated in the flight chart or shown as a vertical view on a display. The pilots also provided a number of recommendations for integrating the DW into Jeppesen charts and roles for the pilot flying and the pilot not flying.
These results imply that DWs can be used as an effective cuing system to enhance pilot ability to perform CDA, and that they are a potential choice for near to midterm implementation in improving the effectiveness of CDA procedures.
C1 [LaMarr, Michael; Ho, Nhut] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA.
[Johnson, Walter; Battiste, Vernol] NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Biviano, Joe] Lockheed Martin, Palmdale, CA USA.
RP LaMarr, M (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 13
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957001012
ER
PT S
AU Lee, HT
Chatterji, GB
Palopo, K
AF Lee, Hak-Tae
Chatterji, Gano B.
Palopo, Kee
GP IEEE
TI Interaction of Airspace Partitions and Traffic Flow Management Delay
with Weather
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Lee, Hak-Tae; Chatterji, Gano B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 95064 USA.
[Palopo, Kee] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP Lee, HT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 95064 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 20
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957002028
ER
PT S
AU Lee, HT
Chatterji, GB
Palopo, K
AF Lee, Hak-Tae
Chatterji, Gano B.
Palopo, Kee
GP IEEE
TI INTERACTION OF AIRSPACE PARTITIONS AND TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT DELAY
WITH WEATHER
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB The interaction of partitioning the airspace and delaying flights in the presence of convective weather is explored to study how re-partitioning the airspace can help reduce congestion and delay. Three approaches with varying complexities are employed to compute the ground delays. In the first approach, an airspace partition of 335 high-altitude sectors that is based on clear weather day traffic is used. Routes are then created to avoid regions of convective weather. With traffic flow management, this approach establishes the baseline with per-flight delay of 8.4 minutes. In the second approach, traffic flow management is used to select routes and assign departure delays such that only the airport capacity constraints are met. This results in 6.7 minutes of average departure delay. The airspace is then partitioned with a specified capacity. It is shown that airspace-capacity-induced delay can be reduced to zero at a cost of 20 percent more sectors for the examined scenario. While the first two approaches investigate the upper and lower bounds in terms of delay and number of sectors, the third approach investigates the tradeoff between the number of sectors and the delay by re-applying the traffic flow management using the re-partitioned sectors. In this approach, the weather constraints are reflected in the sector partitions, and the delay is shared between airspace and airports. The solutions discovered by this approach are 6.9 minutes of average delay with a 312 sector configuration and 8.1 minutes of delay with a 253 sector configuration. Results show that a sector design that is tailored to the traffic and weather pattern can reduce delay while reducing the number of sectors at the same time. However, airspace partitioning can only address the delays caused by airspace congestion. Even in the presence of convective weather, the airport capacity constraint causes the majority of the delay.
C1 [Lee, Hak-Tae; Chatterji, Gano B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Palopo, Kee] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP Lee, HT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM haktae.lee@nasa.gov; gano.b.chatterji@nasa.gov; kee.palopo@nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 11
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000061
ER
PT S
AU Lee, HE
Lee, PU
Jung, J
Lai, CF
AF Lee, Hwasoo E.
Lee, Paul U.
Jung, Jaewoo
Lai, Chok Fung
GP IEEE
TI Investigation of User Selection Criteria of Airspace Design Algorithms
for the Flexible Airspace Management Concept
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Lee, Hwasoo E.; Lee, Paul U.] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
[Jung, Jaewoo; Lai, Chok Fung] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Lee, HE (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
EM hwasoo.lee@nasa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 37
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957002020
ER
PT S
AU Lee, P
Mainini, M
Homola, J
Lee, H
Prevot, T
Smith, N
AF Lee, Paul
Mainini, Matthew
Homola, Jeffrey
Lee, Hwasoo
Prevot, Thomas
Smith, Nancy
GP IEEE
TI Trajectory Assessment and Modification Tools Next Generation Air Traffic
Management Operations DASC October 16-20, 2011
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Lee, Paul; Mainini, Matthew; Homola, Jeffrey; Lee, Hwasoo] San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
[Prevot, Thomas; Smith, Nancy] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP Lee, P (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
FU NASA Airspace Systems Programs office; FAA's NextGen Airspace Project
FX The authors would like to thank the NASA Airspace Systems Programs
office and the FAAs NextGen Airspace Project for funding the work on the
MSP and FAM HITLs. Special thanks go to the MACS development team for
making it all happen and the AOL simulation team for all their efforts.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 27
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957002034
ER
PT S
AU Lee, PU
Bender, K
Pagan, D
AF Lee, Paul U.
Bender, Kim
Pagan, Danielle
GP IEEE
TI Identifying Functional Requirements for Flexible Airspace Management
Concept using Human-in-the-loop Simulations
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Lee, Paul U.] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
[Bender, Kim; Pagan, Danielle] CSSI Inc, Atlantic City, NJ USA.
RP Lee, PU (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
EM paul.u.lee@nasa.gov
FU FAA Concept Development & Validation Group; Dynamic Airspace
Configuration
FX The research was sponsored by the FAA Concept Development & Validation
Group and the Dynamic Airspace Configuration research focus area of
NASAs NextGen Concepts and Technology Development Project. The authors
would like to thank researchers and developers at Airspace Operations
Laboratory for conducting the simulation studies. The authors would also
like to thank the participants in the studies for their support. Thanks
must also go to the DAC researchers at NASA, UARC, CSSI, Metron, and
Mosaic-ATM for their collaboration in the studies.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 37
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957003028
ER
PT S
AU Lee, PU
Bender, K
Pagan, D
AF Lee, Paul U.
Bender, Kim
Pagan, Danielle
GP IEEE
TI IDENTIFYING FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FLEXIBLE AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT
CONCEPT USING HUMAN-IN-THE-LOOP SIMULATIONS
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB Flexible Airspace Management (FAM) is a midterm Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) concept that allows dynamic changes to airspace configurations to meet the changes in the traffic demand. A series of human-in-the-loop (HITL) studies have identified procedures and decision support requirements needed to implement FAM. This paper outlines a suggested FAM procedure and associated decision support functionality based on these HITL studies. A description of both the tools used to support the HITLs and the planned NextGen technologies available in the mid-term are presented and compared. The mid-term implementation of several NextGen capabilities, specifically, upgrades to the Traffic Management Unit (TMU), the initial release of an en route automation system, the deployment of a digital data communication system, a more flexible voice communications network, and the introduction of a tool envisioned to manage and coordinate networked ground systems can support the implementation of the FAM concept. Because of the variability in the overall deployment schedule of the mid-term NextGen capabilities, the dependency of the individual NextGen capabilities are examined to determine their impact on a mid-term implementation of FAM. A cursory review of the different technologies suggests that new functionality slated for the new en route automation system is a critical enabling technology for FAM, as well as the functionality to manage and coordinate networked ground systems. Upgrades to the TMU are less critical but important nonetheless for FAM to be fully realized. Flexible voice communications network and digital data communication system could allow more flexible FAM operations but they are not as essential.
C1 [Lee, Paul U.] San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Bender, Kim; Pagan, Danielle] CSSI Inc, Atlantic City, NJ USA.
RP Lee, PU (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
FU FAA Concept Development & Validation Group; Dynamic Airspace
Configuration research focus area of NASA's NextGen Concepts and
Technology Development Project
FX The research was sponsored by the FAA Concept Development & Validation
Group and the Dynamic Airspace Configuration research focus area of
NASAs NextGen Concepts and Technology Development Project. The authors
would like to thank researchers and developers at Airspace Operations
Laboratory for conducting the simulation studies. The authors would also
like to thank the participants in the studies for their support. Thanks
must also go to the DAC researchers at NASA, UARC, CSSI, Metron, and
Mosaic-ATM for their collaboration in the studies.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 16
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957001011
ER
PT S
AU Martin, L
Swenson, H
Sadovsky, A
Thipphavong, J
Chen, L
Seo, A
AF Martin, Lynne
Swenson, Harry
Sadovsky, Alex
Thipphavong, Jane
Chen, Liagn
Seo, Anthoney
GP IEEE
TI Effects of Scheduling and Spacing Tools on Controllers' Performance &
Perceptions of Their Workload
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Martin, Lynne] San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
[Swenson, Harry; Sadovsky, Alex; Thipphavong, Jane; Chen, Liagn] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Seo, Anthoney] Optimal Synthesis, Los Altos, CA USA.
RP Martin, L (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
EM Lynne.Martin@nasa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 19
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957003032
ER
PT S
AU Martin, L
Swenson, H
Sadovsky, A
Thipphavong, J
Chen, L
Seo, AY
AF Martin, Lynne
Swenson, Harry
Sadovsky, Alexander
Thipphavong, Jane
Chen, Liang
Seo, Anthony Y.
GP IEEE
TI EFFECTS OF SCHEDULING AND SPACING TOOLS ON CONTROLLERS' PERFORMANCE AND
PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR WORKLOAD
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB A human-in-the-loop simulation of an integrated set of time-based automation tools that provided precision scheduling, sequencing and ground-based merging and spacing functions was run in the fall of 2010. These functions were combined into the Terminal Area Precision Scheduling and Spacing (TAPSS) system. TAPSS consists of a scheduler and two suites of advisory tools, one for the Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC, or Center) and one for Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) operations. Both suites are designed to achieve maximum throughput and controllability of traffic. The subject airspace was the terminal area around Los Angeles airport (LAX) and the en route space immediately beyond. Scenario traffic was based on the demand from today's heavy arrival periods, and traffic levels were simulated that matched these or added five, ten or twenty percent to this amount. Eight retired, highly experienced controllers worked two final, three feeder and three en-route positions to deliver traffic to the two outboard arrival runways at LAX (24R and 25L). Although the main research question was whether controllers could safely control the traffic, their level of performance was also of interest and how the advanced tools facilitated or hindered their tasks. The results show that the TAPSS tools enabled higher airport throughput and a larger number of continuous descent operations from cruise to touchdown for the jet aircraft in the scenarios. This contrasts sharply with the "current day" operations in which the Center controllers utilize step-down descents to meter the aircraft. Reported workload levels were lower in the "TAPSS tools" condition than in the "current-day" condition and the TAPSS operations earned cautiously acceptable ratings, indicating the prototype tools have value.
The goals of the next generation air transportation system in the United States (NextGen) [1] include maintaining a high level of throughput at airports and improving the efficiency of traffic management in dense terminal areas. The efficient scheduling and control of aircraft from cruise to touchdown during congested periods is a highly complex problem due to many factors including mixed equipage, constrained maneuvering space and inherent system uncertainties [2]. Ongoing research both in the USA (NextGen) [3, 4] and Europe (Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research) [5, 6] aims to develop trajectory management tools enabling aircraft to execute efficient descents, while simultaneously maintaining throughput that will use (close to) current system capabilities.
NASA is investigating a concept for high-density arrival operations [2]. Two of its key elements are i) precision scheduling along routes and ii) merging and spacing control functions. Currently, uncertainty in runway arrival estimation, and therefore also control, limits the utility of air traffic control (ATC) scheduling but the theoretical advantage of a precision scheduling and control system for managing these constrained resources is well understood [2, 7].
An extension to the Center/TRACON Automation System (CTAS) [8] technologies currently under development is the Terminal Area Precision Scheduling and Spacing (TAPSS) system [9], which leverages the increase in prediction accuracy of emerging trajectory management tools such as Area Navigation (RNAV) and trajectory-based operations (TBO). TAPSS is a trajectory-based strategic and tactical planning and control tool capable of trajectory prediction, constraint scheduling and runway balancing, controller advisories and flow visualization. TAPSS enables a simultaneous execution of efficient descent procedures along precision RNAV approach routes as a way to achieve high runway throughput.
The sections following in this paper briefly describe the TAPSS, a human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation to test the prototype system, and some selected results.
C1 [Martin, Lynne] San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
[Swenson, Harry; Sadovsky, Alexander; Thipphavong, Jane] NASA, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA.
[Chen, Liang] UARC, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA.
[Seo, Anthony Y.] Optimal Synth, Los Altos, CA USA.
RP Martin, L (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 14
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957001016
ER
PT S
AU Morris, AT
Breidenthal, JC
AF Morris, A. Terry
Breidenthal, Julian C.
GP IEEE
TI The Necessity of Functional Analysis for Space Exploration Programs
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Morris, A. Terry] NASA, Safety Crit Avion Syst Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Breidenthal, Julian C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Morris, AT (reprint author), NASA, Safety Crit Avion Syst Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX We would like to thank Mahyar Malekpour of the NASA Langley Research
Center, Michael Massie of the ARES Corporation, Houston, Texas, as well
as Ron Morillo and Lorraine Fesq of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for
their helpful comments and discussions in the development and critique
of this paper. The research described in this publication was carried
out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 19
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957003056
ER
PT S
AU Morris, AT
Breidenthal, JC
AF Morris, A. Terry
Breidenthal, Julian C.
GP IEEE
TI THE NECESSITY OF FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS FOR SPACE EXPLORATION PROGRAMS
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB As NASA moves toward expanded commercial spaceflight within its human exploration capability, there is increased emphasis on how to allocate responsibilities between government and commercial organizations to achieve coordinated program objectives. The practice of program-level functional analysis offers an opportunity for improved understanding of collaborative functions among heterogeneous partners. Functional analysis is contrasted with the physical analysis more commonly done at the program level, and is shown to provide theoretical performance, risk, and safety advantages beneficial to a government-commercial partnership. Performance advantages include faster convergence to acceptable system solutions; discovery of superior solutions with higher commonality, greater simplicity and greater parallelism by substituting functional for physical redundancy to achieve robustness and safety goals; and greater organizational cohesion around program objectives. Risk advantages include avoidance of rework by revelation of some kinds of architectural and contractual mismatches before systems are specified, designed, constructed, or integrated; avoidance of cost and schedule growth by more complete and precise specifications of cost and schedule estimates; and higher likelihood of successful integration on the first try. Safety advantages include effective delineation of must-work and must-not-work functions for integrated hazard analysis, the ability to formally demonstrate completeness of safety analyses, and provably correct logic for certification of flight readiness. The key mechanism for realizing these benefits is the development of an inter-functional architecture at the program level, which reveals relationships between top-level system requirements that would otherwise be invisible using only a physical architecture. This paper describes the advantages and pitfalls of functional analysis as a means of coordinating the actions of large heterogeneous organizations for space exploration programs.
C1 [Morris, A. Terry] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Breidenthal, Julian C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Morris, AT (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 14
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957001046
ER
PT S
AU Ng, HK
Sridhar, B
Grabbe, S
Chen, NY
AF Ng, Hok K.
Sridhar, Banavar
Grabbe, Shon
Chen, Neil Y.
GP IEEE
TI Cross-Polar Aircraft Trajectory Optimization and the Potential Climate
Impact
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Ng, Hok K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Sridhar, Banavar; Grabbe, Shon; Chen, Neil Y.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Ng, HK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 19
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957002033
ER
PT S
AU Ng, HK
Sridhar, B
Grabbe, S
Chen, N
AF Ng, Hok K.
Sridhar, Banavar
Grabbe, Shon
Chen, Neil
GP IEEE
TI CROSS-POLAR AIRCRAFT TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION AND THE POTENTIAL CLIMATE
IMPACT
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB Cross-Polar routes offer new opportunities for air travel markets. Transpolar flights reduce travel times, fuel burns, and associated environmental emissions by flying direct paths between many North American and Asian cities. This study evaluates the potential benefits of flying wind-optimal polar routes and assessed their potential impact on climate change. An optimization algorithm is developed for transpolar flights to generate wind-optimal trajectories that minimize climate impact of aircraft, in terms of global warming potentials (relative to warming by one kg of CO2) of several types of emissions, while avoiding regions of airspace that facilitate persistent contrail formation. Estimations of global warming potential are incorporated into the objective function of the optimization algorithm to assess the climate impact of aircraft emissions discharged at a given location and altitude. The regions of airspace with very low ambient temperature and areas favorable to persistent contrail formation are modeled as undesirable regions that aircraft should avoid and are formulated as soft state constraints. The fuel burn and climate impact of cross-polar air traffic flying various types of trajectory including flight plan, great circle, wind-optimal, and contrail-avoidance are computed for 15 origin-destination pairs between major international airports in the U.S. and Asia. Wind-optimal routes reduce average fuel burn of flight plan routes by 4.4% on December 4, 2010 and 8.0% on August 7, 2010, respectively. The tradeoff between persistent contrail formation and additional global warming potential of aircraft emissions is investigated with and without altitude optimization. Without altitude optimization, the reduction in contrail travel times is gradual with increase in total fuel consumption. When altitude is optimized, a one percent increase in additional global warming potential, a climate impact equivalent to that of 4070kg and 4220kg CO2 emission, reduces 135 and 105 minutes persistent contrail formation per flight during a day with medium and high contrail formation, respectively.
C1 [Ng, Hok K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Sridhar, Banavar; Grabbe, Shon; Chen, Neil] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Ng, HK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 15
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000066
ER
PT S
AU Prevot, T
Lee, PU
AF Prevot, Thomas
Lee, Paul U.
GP IEEE
TI TRAJECTORY-BASED COMPLEXITY (TBX): A MODIFIED AIRCRAFT COUNT TO PREDICT
SECTOR COMPLEXITY DURING TRAJECTORY-BASED OPERATIONS
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB In this paper we introduce a new complexity metric to predict -in real-time-sector complexity for trajectory-based operations (TBO). TBO will be implemented in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Trajectory-Based Complexity (TBX) is a modified aircraft count that can easily be computed and communicated in a TBO environment based upon predictions of aircraft and weather trajectories. TBX is scaled to aircraft count and represents an alternate and additional means to manage air traffic demand and capacity with more consideration of dynamic factors such as weather, aircraft equipage or predicted separation violations, as well as static factors such as sector size. We have developed and evaluated TBX in the Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL) at the NASA Ames Research Center during human-in-the-loop studies of trajectory-based concepts since 2009. In this paper we will describe the TBX computation in detail and present the underlying algorithm. Next, we will describe the specific TBX used in an experiment at NASA's AOL. We will evaluate the performance of this metric using data collected during a controller-in-the-loop study on trajectory-based operations at different equipage levels. In this study controllers were prompted at regular intervals to rate their current workload on a numeric scale. When comparing this real-time workload rating to the TBX values predicted for these time periods we demonstrate that TBX is a better predictor of workload than aircraft count. Furthermore we demonstrate that TBX is well suited to be used for complexity management in TBO and can easily be adjusted to future operational concepts.
C1 [Prevot, Thomas] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Lee, Paul U.] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP Prevot, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 15
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000051
ER
PT S
AU Prinzel, L
Shelton, KJ
Kramer, LJ
Arthur, JJ
Bailey, RE
Norman, RM
Ellis, KKE
Barmore, BE
AF Prinzel, Lance
Shelton, Kevin J.
Kramer, Lynda J.
Arthur, Jarvis J.
Bailey, Randall E.
Norman, Robert M.
Ellis, Kyle K. E.
Barmore, Bryan E.
GP IEEE
TI Flight Deck Interval Management and Delegated Separation for Equivalent
Visual Operation
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Prinzel, Lance; Shelton, Kevin J.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Arthur, Jarvis J.; Bailey, Randall E.; Ellis, Kyle K. E.; Barmore, Bryan E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Norman, Robert M.] Boeing Res & Technol, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Prinzel, L (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
FU NASA Langley Research Center
FX The authors want to acknowledge the significant support provided by many
Federal Systems contractors, at NASA Langley Research Center, most
notably Jerry Karwac and Wei Anderson, Victoria Chung, Sean Kenney,
Miguel Alvarez, Tod Lewis, Danette Allen, Lisa Rippy, Brent Weathered,
and Terry Abbott.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 29
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957003023
ER
PT S
AU Prinzel, LJ
Shelton, KJ
Kramer, LJ
Arthur, JJ
Bailey, RE
Norman, RM
Ellis, KKE
Barmore, BE
AF Prinzel, Lawrence J., III
Shelton, Kevin J.
Kramer, Lynda J.
Arthur, Jarvis J.
Bailey, Randall E.
Norman, Robert M.
Ellis, Kyle K. E.
Barmore, Bryan E.
GP IEEE
TI FLIGHT DECK INTERVAL MANAGEMENT AND DELEGATED SEPARATION FOR EQUIVALENT
VISUAL OPERATIONS
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB An emerging Next Generation Air Transportation System concept - Equivalent Visual Operations (EVO) - can be achieved using an electronic means to provide sufficient visibility of the external world and other required flight references on flight deck displays that enable the safety, operational tempos, and visual flight rules (VFR)-like procedures for all weather conditions. Synthetic and enhanced flight vision system technologies are critical enabling technologies to EVO. Current research evaluated concepts for flight deck-based interval management (FIM) operations, integrated with Synthetic Vision and Enhanced Vision flight-deck displays and technologies. One concept involves delegated flight deck-based separation, in which the flight crews were paired with another aircraft and responsible for spacing and maintaining separation from the paired aircraft, termed, "equivalent visual separation." The operation required the flight crews to acquire and maintain an "equivalent visual contact" as well as to conduct manual landings in low-visibility conditions. The paper describes results that evaluated the concept of EVO delegated separation, including an off-nominal scenario in which the lead aircraft was not able to conform to the assigned spacing resulting in a loss of separation.
C1 [Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; Shelton, Kevin J.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Arthur, Jarvis J.; Bailey, Randall E.; Ellis, Kyle K. E.; Barmore, Bryan E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Norman, Robert M.] Boeing Res & Technol, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Prinzel, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 14
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957001006
ER
PT S
AU Sadovsky, A
Swenson, H
Haskell, W
Rakas, J
AF Sadovsky, A.
Swenson, H.
Haskell, W.
Rakas, J.
GP IEEE
TI Trade-offs of Optimal Time Advance in Terminal Area Arrivals: Airspace
Efficiency vs. Fuel Efficiency
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Sadovsky, A.; Swenson, H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Haskell, W.; Rakas, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Sadovsky, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 69
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957002009
ER
PT S
AU Sadovsky, AV
Swenson, HN
Haskell, WB
Rakas, J
AF Sadovsky, Alexander V.
Swenson, Harry N.
Haskell, William B.
Rakas, Jasenka
GP IEEE
TI OPTIMAL TIME ADVANCE IN TERMINAL AREA ARRIVALS: THROUGHPUT VS. FUEL
SAVINGS
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB The current operational practice in scheduling air traffic arriving at an airport is to adjust flight schedules by delay, i.e. a postponement of an aircraft's arrival at a scheduled location, to manage safely the FAA-mandated separation constraints between aircraft. To meet the observed and forecast growth in traffic demand, however, the practice of time advance (speeding up an aircraft toward a scheduled location) is envisioned for future operations as a practice additional to delay. Time advance has two potential advantages. The first is the capability to minimize, or at least reduce, the excess separation (the distances between pairs of aircraft immediately in-trail) and thereby to increase the throughput of the arriving traffic. The second is to reduce the total traffic delay when the traffic sample is below saturation density. A cost associated with time advance is the fuel expenditure required by an aircraft to speed up. We present an optimal control model of air traffic arriving in a terminal area and solve it using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. The admissible controls allow time advance, as well as delay, some of the way. The cost function reflects the trade-off between minimizing two competing objectives: excess separation (negatively correlated with throughput) and fuel burn. A number of instances are solved using three different methods, to demonstrate consistency of solutions.
C1 [Sadovsky, Alexander V.; Swenson, Harry N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Haskell, William B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Ind Engn & Operat Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Rakas, Jasenka] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Sadovsky, AV (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM alexander.v.sadovsky@nasa.gov; harry.n.swenson@nasa.gov;
wbhaskell@gmail.com; jrakas@berkeley.edu
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 15
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000040
ER
PT B
AU Stell, L
AF Stell, Laurel
GP IEEE
TI Flight Management System Execution of Idle-thrust Descents in Operations
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Stell, L (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON
PY 2011
PG 15
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957001086
ER
PT B
AU Stell, L
AF Stell, Laurel
GP IEEE
TI FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EXECUTION OF IDLE-THRUST DESCENTS IN OPERATIONS
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB To enable arriving aircraft to fly optimized descents computed by the flight management system (FMS) in congested airspace, ground automation must accurately predict descent trajectories. To support development of the trajectory predictor and its error models, commercial flights executed idle-thrust descents, and the recorded data includes the target speed profile and FMS intent trajectories. The FMS computes the intended descent path assuming idle thrust after top of descent (TOD), and any intervention by the controllers that alters the FMS execution of the descent is recorded so that such flights are discarded from the analysis. The horizontal flight path, cruise and meter fix altitudes, and actual TOD location are extracted from the radar data. Using more than 60 descents in Boeing 777 aircraft, the actual speeds are compared to the intended descent speed profile. In addition, three aspects of the accuracy of the FMS intent trajectory are analyzed: the meter fix crossing time, the TOD location, and the altitude at the meter fix. The actual TOD location is within 5 nmi of the intent location for over 95% of the descents. Roughly 90% of the time, the airspeed is within 0.01 of the target Mach number and within 10 KCAS of the target descent CAS, but the meter fix crossing time is only within 50 sec of the time computed by the FMS. Overall, the aircraft seem to be executing the descents as intended by the designers of the onboard automation.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Stell, L (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON
PY 2011
PG 15
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000021
ER
PT S
AU Trujillo, AC
Gregory, I
AF Trujillo, Anna C.
Gregory, Irene
GP IEEE
TI PILOTING CHANGES TO CHANGING AIRCRAFT DYNAMICS: WHAT DO PILOTS NEED TO
KNOW?
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB An experiment was conducted to quantify the effects of changing dynamics on a subject's ability to track a signal in order to eventually model a pilot adapting to changing aircraft dynamics. The data will be used to identify primary aircraft dynamics variables that influence changes in pilot's response and produce a simplified pilot model that incorporates this relationship. Each run incorporated a different set of second-order aircraft dynamics representing short period transfer function pitch attitude response: damping ratio, frequency, gain, zero location, and time delay. The subject's ability to conduct the tracking task was the greatest source of root mean square error tracking variability. As for the aircraft dynamics, the factors that affected the subjects' ability to conduct the tracking were the time delay, frequency, and zero location. In addition to creating a simplified pilot model, the results of the experiment can be utilized in an advisory capacity. A situation awareness/prediction aid based on the pilot behavior and aircraft dynamics may help tailor pilot's inputs more quickly so that PIO or an upset condition can be avoided.
C1 [Trujillo, Anna C.; Gregory, Irene] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Trujillo, AC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 12
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957001003
ER
PT S
AU Verma, S
Kozon, T
Ballinger, D
Lozito, S
Subramanian, S
AF Verma, Savvy
Kozon, Thomas
Ballinger, Debbi
Lozito, Sandra
Subramanian, Shobana
GP IEEE
TI ROLE OF THE CONTROLLER IN AN INTEGRATED PILOT-CONTROLLER STUDY FOR
PARALLEL APPROACHES
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB Closely spaced parallel runway operations have been found to increase capacity within the National Airspace System but poor visibility conditions reduce the use of these operations [1]. Previous research examined the concepts and procedures related to parallel runways [2-4]. However, there has been no investigation of the procedures associated with the strategic and tactical pairing of aircraft for these operations. This study developed and examined the pilot's and controller's procedures and information requirements for creating aircraft pairs for closely spaced parallel runway operations. The goal was to achieve aircraft pairing with a temporal separation of 15s (+/- 10s error) at a 'coupling point' that was 12 nmi from the runway threshold. In this paper, the role of the controller, as examined in an integrated study of controllers and pilots, is presented. The controllers utilized a pairing scheduler and new pairing interfaces to help create and maintain aircraft pairs, in a high-fidelity, human-in-the loop simulation experiment. Results show that the controllers worked as a team to achieve pairing between aircraft and the level of inter-controller coordination increased when the aircraft in the pair belonged to different sectors. Controller feedback did not reveal over reliance on the automation nor complacency with the pairing automation or pairing procedures.
C1 [Verma, Savvy; Kozon, Thomas; Ballinger, Debbi; Lozito, Sandra] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Subramanian, Shobana] Dell Perot, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Verma, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Savita.a.verma@nasa.gov; Thomas.e.kozon@nasa.gov;
Debbi.ballinger@nasa.gov; Sandra.c.lozito@nasa.gov; shobanas9@gmail.com
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 11
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000054
ER
PT J
AU Wang, Y
AF Wang, Yao
GP IEEE
TI Estimate Weather Impacted Airport Capacity using Ensemble Learning
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 NASA Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON
PY 2011
PG 13
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957002013
ER
PT J
AU Wang, Y
AF Wang, Yao
GP IEEE
TI PREDICTION OF WEATHER IMPACTED AIRPORT CAPACITY USING ENSEMBLE LEARNING
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB Ensemble learning with the Bagging Decision Tree (BDT) model was used to assess the impact of weather on airport capacities at selected high-demand airports in the United States. The ensemble bagging decision tree models were developed and validated using the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM) data and weather forecast at these airports. The study examines the performance of BDT, along with traditional single Support Vector Machines (SVM), for airport runway configuration selection and airport arrival rates (AAR) prediction during weather impacts. Testing of these models was accomplished using observed weather, weather forecast, and airport operation information at the chosen airports. The experimental results show that ensemble methods are more accurate than a single SVM classifier. The airport capacity ensemble method presented here can be used as a decision support model that supports air traffic flow management to meet the weather impacted airport capacity in order to reduce costs and increase safety.
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON
PY 2011
PG 11
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000044
ER
PT S
AU Wieland, F
Santos, M
Krueger, W
Houston, VE
AF Wieland, Frederick
Santos, Michel
Krueger, William
Houston, Vincent E.
GP IEEE
TI PERFORMANCE OF AIRBORNE PRECISION SPACING UNDER REALISTIC WEATHER
CONDITIONS
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB With the expected worldwide increase of air traffic during the coming decade, both the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), as well as Eurocontrol's Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) program have, as part of their plans, air traffic management solutions that can increase performance without requiring time-consuming and expensive infrastructure changes. One such solution involves the ability of both controllers and flight crews to deliver aircraft to the runway with greater accuracy than is possible today. Previous research has shown that time-based spacing techniques, wherein the controller assigns a time spacing to each pair of arriving aircraft, is one way to achieve this goal by providing greater runway delivery accuracy that produces a concomitant increase in system-wide performance. The research described herein focuses on a specific application of time-based spacing, called Airborne Precision Spacing (APS), which has evolved over the past ten years. This research furthers APS understanding by studying its performance with realistic wind conditions obtained from atmospheric sounding data and with realistic wind forecasts obtained from the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) short-range weather forecast. In addition, this study investigates APS performance with limited surveillance range, as provided by the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) system, and with an algorithm designed to improve APS performance when an ADS-B signal is unavailable. The results presented herein quantify the runway threshold delivery accuracy of APS under these conditions, and also quantify resulting workload metrics such as the number of speed changes required to maintain spacing.
C1 [Wieland, Frederick; Santos, Michel; Krueger, William] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA.
[Houston, Vincent E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Wieland, F (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA.
FU NASA through ARRA [GS00T99ALD0209]; Raytheon Corporation
[T03-01-DS0L003]
FX This work was sponsored by NASA through ARRA funding under contract
GS00T99ALD0209, Task Order T03-01-DS0L003 to Raytheon Corporation. The
work by Intelligent Automation Incorporated was funded via a subcontract
for Raytheon Corporation.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 13
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000022
ER
PT S
AU Zelinski, S
Lai, CF
AF Zelinski, Shannon
Lai, Chok Fung
GP IEEE
TI Comparing Methods for Dynamic Airspace Configuration
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
C1 [Zelinski, Shannon] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Lai, Chok Fung] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 95064 USA.
RP Zelinski, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 67
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957002017
ER
PT S
AU Zelinski, S
Lai, CF
AF Zelinski, Shannon
Lai, Chok Fung
GP IEEE
TI COMPARING METHODS FOR DYNAMIC AIRSPACE CONFIGURATION
SO 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC)
SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) on Closing the
Generation Gap - Increasing Capability for Flight Operations among
Legacy, Modern and Uninhabited Aircraft
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Seattle, WA
SP IEEE, AESS, AIAA, DATC
AB This paper compares airspace design solutions for dynamically reconfiguring airspace in response to nominal daily traffic volume fluctuation. Airspace designs from seven algorithmic methods and a representation of current day operations in Kansas City Center were simulated with two times today's demand traffic. A three-configuration scenario was used to represent current day operations. Algorithms used projected unimpeded flight tracks to design initial 24-hour plans to switch between three configurations at predetermined reconfiguration times. At each reconfiguration time, algorithms used updated projected flight tracks to update the subsequent planned configurations. Compared to the baseline, most airspace design methods reduced delay and increased reconfiguration complexity, with similar traffic pattern complexity results. Design updates enabled several methods to as much as half the delay from their original designs. Freeform design methods reduced delay and increased reconfiguration complexity the most.
C1 [Zelinski, Shannon] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Lai, Chok Fung] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP Zelinski, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2155-7195
BN 978-1-61284-798-6
J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION
PY 2011
PG 13
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYI77
UT WOS:000298957000049
ER
PT S
AU Geng, XY
Ma, DS
Chen, ZQ
Dai, F
Cressler, JD
Yaeger, JA
Mojarradi, MM
Mantooth, A
Blalock, BJ
Berger, RW
AF Geng, Xueyang
Ma, Desheng
Chen, Zhenqi
Dai, Fa
Cressler, John D.
Yaeger, Jeremy A.
Mojarradi, Mohammad M.
Mantooth, Alan
Blalock, Benjamin J.
Berger, Richard W.
GP IEEE
TI High Speed Channel Resistive Sensor Interface with RHBD in 0.5 mu m SiGe
BiCMOS for UWT from-180 degrees C to 120 degrees C
SO 2011 IEEE BIPOLAR/BICMOS CIRCUITS AND TECHNOLOGY MEETING (BCTM)
SE IEEE Bipolar BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Technology and Circuits Meeting (BCTM)
CY OCT 09-11, 2011
CL Atlanta, GA
SP IEEE, IBM, SKYWORKS, Georgia Tech, RFMD, Texas Instruments, MAXIM, ANALOG DEVICES, NXP, Natl Semiconductor, ANADIGICS, ZARLINK Semiconductor, PHILIPS
DE High speed channel (HSC); resistive sensor; Butterworth filter; DAC;
Wheatstone bridge; cryogenic circuits; RHBD
AB High speed channel (HSC) resistive sensor interface is an analog sampling channel designed for measuring the resistance variations with data rate at 5 kHz. It measures the external resistance variation and digitizes the received signal using a 12-bit analog to digital converter (ADC). The HSC includes a Wheatstone bridge with programmable configurations, a high voltage cap stack sampler, a 6(th) order Butterworth switching capacitor filter, and a continuous time variable gain amplifier (VGA). An 8-bit voltage mode calibration digital to analog converter (DAC) is used to calibrate the common mode voltage level. An 8-bit current mode stimulus DAC is used to provide the current source to the Wheatstone bridge through a high voltage current mirror. With radiation hardening by design (RHBD), the HSC is implemented in a 0.5 mu m SiGe BiCMOS technology for applications in aerospace environment under extreme temperature, radiation, pressure and vibration.
C1 [Geng, Xueyang; Ma, Desheng; Chen, Zhenqi; Dai, Fa] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA USA.
[Yaeger, Jeremy A.; Mojarradi, Mohammad M.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Mantooth, Alan] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA.
[Blalock, Benjamin J.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA.
[Berger, Richard W.] BAE Syst, London, England.
RP Geng, XY (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
FU NASA ETDP [NNL06AA29C]
FX This work was supported by NASA ETDP under contract NNL06AA29C. We would
like to thank Guofu Niu, Wayne Johnson and the entire SiGe Code T team
for their contributi ons to this work. We would like to thank Tom Peng
and Ryan M. Diestelhorst at Georgia Tech and Jie Qin at Auburn
University for the chip testing and measurement.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1088-9299
BN 978-1-61284-166-3
J9 IEEE BIPOL BICMOS
PY 2011
BP 79
EP 82
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYE70
UT WOS:000298256500018
ER
PT S
AU Kascak, P
Jansen, R
Dever, T
Nagorny, A
Loparo, K
AF Kascak, Peter
Jansen, Ralph
Dever, Timothy
Nagorny, Aleksandr
Loparo, Kenneth
GP IEEE
TI Levitation Performance Of Two Opposed Permanent Magnet Pole-Pair
Separated Conical Bearingless Motors
SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE)
SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)
CY SEP 17-22, 2011
CL Phoenix, AZ
SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc
AB In standard motor applications, rotor suspension with traditional mechanical bearings represents the most economical solution. However, in certain high performance applications, rotor suspension without contacting bearings is either required or highly beneficial. Examples include applications requiring very high speed or extreme environment operation, or with limited access for maintenance. This paper expands upon a novel bearingless motor concept, in which two motors with opposing conical air-gaps are used to achieve full five-axis levitation and rotation of the rotor. Force in this motor is created by deliberately leaving the motor's pole-pairs unconnected, which allows the creation of different d-axis flux in each pole pair. This flux imbalance is used to create lateral force. This approach is different than previous bearingless motor designs, which require separate windings for levitation and rotation. This paper examines the predicted and achieved suspension performance of a fully levitated prototype bearingless system.
C1 [Kascak, Peter; Jansen, Ralph; Dever, Timothy] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA.
[Nagorny, Aleksandr] ResMed Motor Technol Inc, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Loparo, Kenneth] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Kascak, P (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA.
EM peter.e.kascak@nasa.gov
NR 13
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2329-3721
BN 978-1-4577-0541-0
J9 IEEE ENER CONV
PY 2011
BP 1649
EP 1656
PG 8
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA BXX82
UT WOS:000297545902014
ER
PT J
AU Divsalar, D
Dolecek, L
AF Divsalar, Dariush
Dolecek, Lara
GP IEEE
TI Ensemble Analysis of Pseudocodewords of Protograph-Based Non-Binary LDPC
Codes
SO 2011 IEEE INFORMATION THEORY WORKSHOP (ITW)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW)
CY OCT 16-20, 2011
CL Paraty, BRAZIL
SP IEEE
AB This paper presents a method for evaluating pseudocodeword weight enumerators of nonbinary LDPC codes built out of protographs. The ensemble enumerators are evaluated for both the finite-length and infinite-length regimes. Results of this type can be particularly useful for designing structured nonbinary LDPC codes with good properties under message passing or linear programming decoding.
C1 [Divsalar, Dariush] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Dolecek, Lara] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Divsalar, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Dariush.Divsalar@jpl.nasa.gov; dolecek@ee.ucla.edu
FU NSF [CCF-1029030]
FX This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. This
research was also carried out in part at the University of California
Los Angeles (UCLA) under the grant CCF-1029030 from NSF.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4577-0437-6
PY 2011
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BYN24
UT WOS:000299416200070
ER
PT S
AU Patre, P
Joshi, SM
AF Patre, Parag
Joshi, Suresh M.
GP IEEE
TI On Using Exponential Parameter Estimators with an Adaptive Controller
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA)
CY SEP 28-30, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc
ID ROBOT MANIPULATORS; LAW MODULARITY; SYSTEMS; PASSIVITY; TRACKING
AB Typical adaptive controllers are restricted to using a specific update law to generate parameter estimates. This paper investigates the possibility of using any exponential parameter estimator with an adaptive controller such that the system tracks a desired trajectory. The goal is to provide flexibility in choosing any update law suitable for a given application. The development relies on a previously developed concept of controller/update law modularity in the adaptive control literature, and the use of a converse Lyapunov-like theorem. Stability analysis is presented to derive gain conditions under which this is possible, and inferences are made about the tracking error performance. The development is based on a class of Euler-Lagrange systems that are used to model various engineering systems including space robots and manipulators.
C1 [Patre, Parag] NASA Langley Res Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program NPP, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Joshi, Suresh M.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Control Theory, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Patre, P (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program NPP, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM parag.patre@nasa.gov; suresh.m.joshi@nasa.gov
FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at Langley Research Center
FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the NASA
Postdoctoral Program at Langley Research Center, administered by Oak
Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA.
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1085-1992
BN 978-1-4577-1063-6
J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR
PY 2011
BP 107
EP 112
PG 6
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA BXV14
UT WOS:000297216500013
ER
PT J
AU Marshall, JJ
Downs, RR
Mattmann, CA
AF Marshall, James J.
Downs, Robert R.
Mattmann, Chris A.
BE Alhajj, R
Joshi, J
Shyu, ML
TI Software Reuse Methods to Improve Technological Infrastructure for
e-Science
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION
(IRI)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration
(IRI)/1st International Workshop on Issues and Challenges in Social
Computing (WICSOC)
CY AUG 03-05, 2011
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), Soc Informat Reuse & Integrat (SIRI), IEEE
DE Cloud computing; open source software; scientific computing; software
reuse
AB Social computing has the potential to contribute to scientific research. Ongoing developments in information and communications technology improve capabilities for enabling scientific research, including research fostered by social computing capabilities. The recent emergence of e-Science practices has demonstrated the benefits from improvements in the technological infrastructure, or cyberinfrastructure, that has been developed to support science. Cloud computing is one example of this e-Science trend. Our own work in the area of software reuse offers methods that can be used to improve new technological development, including cloud computing capabilities, to support scientific research practices. In this paper, we focus on software reuse and its potential to contribute to the development and evaluation of information systems and related services designed to support new capabilities for conducting scientific research.
C1 [Marshall, James J.] NASA, INNOVIM, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Stop 614-9, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Downs, Robert R.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Int Earth Sci Informat Network, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Mattmann, Chris A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Mattmann, Chris A.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
RP Marshall, JJ (reprint author), NASA, INNOVIM, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Stop 614-9, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM James.J.Marshall@nasa.gov; rdowns@ciesin.columbia.edu;
mattmann@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Marshall, James/A-9611-2009; Downs, Robert/B-4153-2013
OI Marshall, James/0000-0002-6867-5616; Downs, Robert/0000-0002-8595-5134
FU NASA [NNG08HZ11C]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory
FX The authors are grateful to the members of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Data Systems Software Reuse
Working Group who have contributed to the efforts described in this
work. Support was provided for Robert Downs under NASA contract
NNG08HZ11C. This effort was supported in part by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, managed by the California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4577-0966-1
PY 2011
BP 528
EP 532
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BYH16
UT WOS:000298749600101
ER
PT S
AU Diftler, MA
Mehling, JS
Abdallah, ME
Radford, NA
Bridgwater, LB
Sanders, AM
Askew, RS
Linn, DM
Yamokoski, JD
Permenter, FA
Hargrave, BK
Platt, R
Savely, RT
Ambrose, RO
AF Diftler, M. A.
Mehling, J. S.
Abdallah, M. E.
Radford, N. A.
Bridgwater, L. B.
Sanders, A. M.
Askew, R. S.
Linn, D. M.
Yamokoski, J. D.
Permenter, F. A.
Hargrave, B. K.
Platt, R.
Savely, R. T.
Ambrose, R. O.
GP IEEE
TI Robonaut 2-The First Humanoid Robot in Space
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
CY MAY 09-13, 2011
CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
AB NASA and General Motors have developed the second generation Robonaut, Robonaut 2 or R2, and it is scheduled to arrive on the International Space Station in early 2011 and undergo initial testing by mid-year. This state of the art, dexterous, anthropomorphic robotic torso has significant technical improvements over its predecessor making it a far more valuable tool for astronauts. Upgrades include: increased force sensing, greater range of motion, higher bandwidth, and improved dexterity. R2's integrated mechatronic design results in a more compact and robust distributed control system with a fraction of the wiring of the original Robonaut. Modularity is prevalent throughout the hardware and software along with innovative and layered approaches for sensing and control. The most important aspects of the Robonaut philosophy are clearly present in this latest model's ability to allow comfortable human interaction and in its design to perform significant work using the same hardware and interfaces used by people. The following describes the mechanisms, integrated electronics, control strategies, and user interface that make R2 a promising addition to the Space Station and other environments where humanoid robots can assist people.
C1 [Diftler, M. A.; Mehling, J. S.; Radford, N. A.; Bridgwater, L. B.; Askew, R. S.; Platt, R.; Savely, R. T.; Ambrose, R. O.] NASA, JSC, Houston, TX USA.
[Abdallah, M. E.; Sanders, A. M.; Linn, D. M.] Gen Motor, Warren, MI 48088 USA.
[Yamokoski, J. D.; Permenter, F. A.; Hargrave, B. K.] Oceanengn Space Syst, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Diftler, MA (reprint author), NASA, JSC, Houston, TX USA.
NR 15
TC 72
Z9 76
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1050-4729
BN 978-1-61284-385-8
J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT
PY 2011
BP 2178
EP 2183
PG 6
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics
GA BGW51
UT WOS:000324383401062
ER
PT S
AU Fleder, M
Nesnas, IA
Pivtoraiko, M
Kelly, A
Volpe, R
AF Fleder, Michael
Nesnas, Issa A.
Pivtoraiko, Mihail
Kelly, Alonzo
Volpe, Richard
GP IEEE
TI Autonomous Rover Traverse and Precise Arm Placement on Remotely
Designated Targets
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
CY MAY 09-13, 2011
CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID TOOL
AB Exploring planetary surfaces typically involves traversing challenging and unknown terrain and acquiring in-situ measurements at designated locations using arm-mounted instruments. We present field results for a new implementation of an autonomous capability that enables a rover to traverse and precisely place an arm-mounted instrument on remote targets. Using point-and-click mouse commands, a scientist designates targets in the initial imagery acquired from the rover's mast cameras. The rover then autonomously traverses the rocky terrain for a distance of 10 - 15 m, tracks the target(s) of interest during the traverse, positions itself for approaching the target, and then precisely places an arm-mounted instrument within 2-3 cm from the originally designated target. The rover proceeds to acquire science measurements with the instrument. This work advances what has been previously developed and integrated on the Mars Exploration Rovers by using algorithms that are capable of traversing more rock-dense terrains, enabling tight thread-the-needle maneuvers. We integrated these algorithms on the newly refurbished Athena Mars research rover and fielded them in the JPL Mars Yard. We conducted 43 runs with targets at distances ranging from 5 m to 15 m and achieved a success rate of 93% for placement of the instrument within 2-3 cm.
C1 [Fleder, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Nesnas, Issa A.; Volpe, Richard] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Pivtoraiko, Mihail; Kelly, Alonzo] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Fleder, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
EM mfleder@mit.edu; Issa.A.Nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov; mihail@cs.cmu.edu;
alonzo@cmu.edu; volpe@jpl.nasa.gov
FU NASA Mars Technology Program
FX Manuscript received February 8, 2011. This work was performed at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This
work is supported by the NASA Mars Technology Program.
NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1050-4729
BN 978-1-61284-385-8
J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT
PY 2011
BP 2190
EP 2197
PG 8
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics
GA BGW51
UT WOS:000324383401064
ER
PT S
AU Abad-Manterola, P
Nesnas, IAD
Burdick, JW
AF Abad-Manterola, Pablo
Nesnas, Issa A. D.
Burdick, Joel W.
GP IEEE
TI Motion Planning on Steep Terrain for the Tethered Axel Rover
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
CY MAY 09-13, 2011
CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID DANTE II; ROBOTS; PATHS
AB This paper considers the motion planning problem that arises when a tethered robot descends and ascends steep obstacle-strewn terrain. This work is motivated by the Axel tethered robotic rover designed to provide access to extreme extra-planetary terrains. Motion planning for this type of rover is very different from traditional planning problems because the tether geometry under high loading must be considered during the planning process. Furthermore, only round-trip paths that avoid tether entanglement are viable solutions to the problem. We present an algorithm for tethered robot motion planning on steep terrain that reduces the likelihood that the tether will become entangled during descent and ascent of steep slopes. The algorithm builds upon the notion of the shortest homotopic tether path and its associated sleeve. We provide a simple example for purposes of illustration.
C1 [Abad-Manterola, Pablo; Burdick, Joel W.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Nesnas, Issa A. D.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Abad-Manterola, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM pablo@caltech.edu; nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1050-4729
BN 978-1-61284-385-8
J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT
PY 2011
PG 8
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics
GA BGW51
UT WOS:000324383403068
ER
PT S
AU Hebert, P
Hudson, N
Ma, J
Burdick, J
AF Hebert, Paul
Hudson, Nicolas
Ma, Jeremy
Burdick, Joel
GP IEEE
TI Fusion of Stereo Vision, Force-Torque, and Joint Sensors for Estimation
of In-Hand Object Location
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
CY MAY 09-13, 2011
CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
AB This paper develops a method to fuse stereo vision, force-torque sensor, and joint angle encoder measurements to estimate and track the location of a grasped object within the hand. We pose the problem as a hybrid systems estimation problem, where the continuous states are the object 6D pose, finger contact location, wrist-to-camera transform and the discrete states are the finger contact modes with the object. This paper develops the key measurement equations that govern the fusion process. Experiments with a Barrett Hand, Bumblebee 2 stereo camera, and an ATI omega force-torque sensor validate and demonstrate the method.
C1 [Hebert, Paul; Burdick, Joel] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Hudson, Nicolas; Ma, Jeremy] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Hebert, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM paul.hebert@caltech.edu; nicolas.h.hudson@jpl.nasa.gov;
jeremy.c.ma@jpl.nasa.gov; jwb@robotics.caltech.edu
FU National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support from the National Science
and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1050-4729
BN 978-1-61284-385-8
J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT
PY 2011
PG 7
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics
GA BGW51
UT WOS:000324383405029
ER
PT S
AU Huang, GQP
Zhou, KX
Trawny, N
Roumeliotis, SI
AF Huang, Guoquan P.
Zhou, Ke X.
Trawny, Nikolas
Roumeliotis, Stergios I.
GP IEEE
TI Bearing-only Target Tracking using a Bank of MAP Estimators
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
CY MAY 09-13, 2011
CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID PARTICLE FILTERS
AB Nonlinear estimation problems, such as bearing-only tracking, are often addressed using linearized estimators, e. g., the extended Kalman filter (EKF). These estimators generally suffer from linearization errors as well as the inability to track multimodal probability density functions (pdfs). In this paper, we propose a bank of batch maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimators as a general estimation framework that provides relinearization of the entire state history, multi-hypothesis tracking, and an efficient hypothesis generation scheme. Each estimator in the bank is initialized using a locally optimal state estimate for the current time step. Every time a new measurement becomes available, we convert the nonlinear cost function corresponding to this relaxed one-step subproblem into polynomial form, allowing to analytically and efficiently compute all stationary points. This local optimization generates highly probable hypotheses for the target trajectory and greatly improves the quality of the overall MAP estimate. Additionally, pruning and marginalization are employed to control the computational cost. Monte Carlo simulations and real-world experiments show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the EKF, the standard batch MAP estimator, and the particle filter (PF), in terms of accuracy and consistency.
C1 [Huang, Guoquan P.; Roumeliotis, Stergios I.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Zhou, Ke X.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Trawny, Nikolas] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Huang, GQP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
EM ghuang@cs.umn.edu; kezhou@ece.umn.edu; nikolas.trawny@jpl.nasa.gov;
stergios@cs.umn.edu
FU University of Minnesota; National Science Foundation [IIS-0643680,
IIS-0811946, IIS-0835637]
FX This work was supported by the University of Minnesota (DTC), and the
National Science Foundation (IIS-0643680, IIS-0811946, IIS-0835637).
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1050-4729
BN 978-1-61284-385-8
J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT
PY 2011
PG 8
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics
GA BGW51
UT WOS:000324383404038
ER
PT S
AU Parness, A
AF Parness, Aaron
GP IEEE
TI Anchoring Foot Mechanisms for Sampling and Mobility in Microgravity
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
CY MAY 09-13, 2011
CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID HAYABUSA; ITOKAWA
AB An omni-directional anchoring mechanism is presented that can withstand forces greater than 100 N on natural rock surfaces. The anchor builds upon previous development of microspine toes for climbing robots. This work utilizes an opposed octagonal scissor configuration with rows of 30 toes on each lever arm, splayed around a central housing. This anchor design is being developed for the Lemur IIb mobile robot. The anchor can also be used to support a coring drill. The work enables both mobility and sampling in microgravity environments, like the surface of Near Earth Asteroids.
C1 CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Parness, A (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM Aaron.Parness@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1050-4729
BN 978-1-61284-385-8
J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT
PY 2011
PG 4
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics
GA BGW51
UT WOS:000324383405092
ER
PT S
AU Platt, R
Ihrke, C
Bridgewater, L
Linn, D
Diftler, R
Abdallah, M
Askew, S
Permenter, F
AF Platt, Robert, Jr.
Ihrke, Chris
Bridgewater, Lyndon
Linn, Douglas
Diftler, Ron
Abdallah, Muhammad
Askew, Scott
Permenter, Frank
GP IEEE
TI A miniature load cell suitable for mounting on the phalanges of
human-sized robot fingers
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
CY MAY 09-13, 2011
CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
AB It is frequently accepted that tactile sensing must play a key role in robust manipulation and assembly. The potential exists to complement the gross shape information that vision or range sensors can provide with fine-scale information about the texture, stiffness, and shape of the object grasped. Nevertheless, no widely accepted tactile sensing technology currently exists for robot hands. Furthermore, while several proposals exist in the robotics literature regarding how to use tactile sensors to improve manipulation, there is little consensus. This paper describes the electro-mechanical design of the Robonaut 2 phalange load cell. This is a miniature load cell suitable for mounting on the phalanges of humanoid robot fingers. The important design characteristics of these load cells are the shape of the load cell spring element and the routing of small-gauge wires from the sensor onto a circuit board. The paper reports results from a stress analysis of the spring element and establishes the theoretical sensitivity of the device to loads in different directions. The paper also compares calibrated load cell data to ground truth load measurements for four different manufactured sensors. Finally, the paper analyzes the response of the load cells in the context of a flexible materials localization task.
C1 [Platt, Robert, Jr.] MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Ihrke, Chris; Bridgewater, Lyndon; Linn, Douglas; Diftler, Ron; Abdallah, Muhammad; Askew, Scott; Permenter, Frank] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Platt, R (reprint author), MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1050-4729
BN 978-1-61284-385-8
J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT
PY 2011
PG 6
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics
GA BGW51
UT WOS:000324383404092
ER
PT S
AU Rankin, AL
Matthies, LH
Bellutta, P
AF Rankin, Arturo L.
Matthies, Larry H.
Bellutta, Paolo
GP IEEE
TI Daytime Water Detection Based on Sky Reflections
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA)
SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
CY MAY 09-13, 2011
CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Minist Educ China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sci & Technol Commiss Shanghai Municipal, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot & Syst, Zhejiang Univ, Inst Cyber-Syst & Control, Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Beihang Univ, Robotics Inst, Beijing Res Inst Automat Machinery Ind, Tianjin Univ, Sch Mech Engn, ABB, YASKAWA Elect, KUKA, Willow Garage, Googol Tech., Adept Mobile Robots, Harbin Boshi Automat, Natl Instruments, Beijing Universal Pioneering Technol, Real-Time Control & Instrumentat Lab, GE Global Res, ALDEBARAN Robot, Int Federat Robot (IFR), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID OFF-ROAD NAVIGATION
AB Robust water detection is a critical perception requirement for unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) autonomous navigation. This is particularly true in wide-open areas where water can collect in naturally occurring terrain depressions during periods of heavy precipitation and form large water bodies. One of the properties of water useful for detecting it is that its surface acts as a horizontal mirror at large incidence angles. Water bodies can be indirectly detected by detecting reflections of the sky below the horizon in color imagery. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has implemented a water detector based on sky reflections that geometrically locates the pixel in the sky that is reflecting on a candidate water pixel on the ground and predicts if the ground pixel is water based on color similarity and local terrain features. This software detects water bodies in wide-open areas on cross-country terrain at mid-to far-range using imagery acquired from a forward-looking stereo pair of color cameras mounted on a terrestrial UGV. In three test sequences approaching a pond under a clear, overcast, and cloudy sky, the true positive detection rate was 100% when the UGV was beyond 7 meters of the water's leading edge and the largest false positive detection rate was 0.58%. The sky reflection based water detector has been integrated on an experimental unmanned vehicle and field tested at Ft. Indiantown Gap, PA, USA.
C1 [Rankin, Arturo L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Matthies, Larry H.; Bellutta, Paolo] Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Rankin, AL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Arturo.Rankin@jpl.nasa.gov; Larry.Matthies@jpl.nasa.gov;
Paolo.Bellutta@jpl.nasa.gov
FU U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL)
FX The research described in this paper was carried out by the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, and was
sponsored by the U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) RCTA program
through an agreement with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. Reference herein to any specific commercial product,
process, or service by trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not
constitute or imply its endorsement by the United States Government or
JPL, California Institute of Technology.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1050-4729
BN 978-1-61284-385-8
J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT
PY 2011
PG 8
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Robotics
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics
GA BGW51
UT WOS:000324383404088
ER
PT S
AU Bolton, ML
Bass, EJ
AF Bolton, Matthew L.
Bass, Ellen J.
GP IEEE
TI Evaluating Human-automation Interaction Using Task Analytic Behavior
Models, Strategic Knowledge-based Erroneous Human Behavior Generation,
and Model Checking
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS
(SMC)
SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference
Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC)
CY OCT 09-12, 2011
CL Anchorage, AK
SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB)
DE Task analysis; formal methods; model checking; human error;
human-automation interaction; system safety
AB Human-automation interaction, including erroneous human behavior, is a factor in the failure of complex, safetycritical systems. This paper presents a method for automatically generating task analytic models encompassing both erroneous and normative human behavior from normative task models by manipulating modeled strategic knowledge. Resulting models can be automatically translated into larger formal system models so that safety properties can be formally verified with a model checker. This allows analysts to prove that a human automationinteractive system (as represented by the formal model) will or will not satisfy safety properties with both normative and generated erroneous human behavior. This method is illustrated with a case study: the programming of a patient-controlled analgesia pump. In this example, a problem resulting from a generated erroneous human behavior is discovered and a potential solutions is explored. Future research directions are discussed.
C1 [Bolton, Matthew L.] San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Bass, Ellen J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Syst & Informat Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
RP Bolton, ML (reprint author), San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM matthew.l.bolton@nasa.gov; ejb4n@virginia.edu
RI Bolton, Matthew/A-6390-2016
FU National Library of Medicine (NLM) [T15LM009462]; NASA [NCCI002043]
FX The majority of the work documented in this manuscript was performed
while the first author was pursuing his Ph.D. in systems engineering
from the University of Virginia. The project described was supported in
part by Grant Number T15LM009462 from the National Library of Medicine
(NLM) and NASA Cooperative Agreement NCCI002043. The content is solely
the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the
official views of the NIA, NASA, the NLM, or the National Institutes of
Health.
NR 30
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1062-922X
BN 978-1-4577-0653-0
J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN
PY 2011
BP 1788
EP 1794
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems
SC Computer Science
GA BYG71
UT WOS:000298615102013
ER
PT S
AU Combefis, S
Giannakopoulou, D
Pecheur, C
Feary, M
AF Combefis, Sebastien
Giannakopoulou, Dimitra
Pecheur, Charles
Feary, Michael
GP IEEE
TI A Formal Framework for Design and Analysis of Human-Machine Interaction
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS
(SMC)
SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference
Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC)
CY OCT 09-12, 2011
CL Anchorage, AK
SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB)
DE Formal methods; HCI; Learning
ID MODE CONFUSIONS; INTERFACES; SYSTEMS
AB Automated systems are increasingly complex, making it hard to design interfaces for human operators. Human-machine interaction (HMI) errors like automation surprises are more likely to appear and lead to system failures or accidents. In previous work, we studied the problem of generating system abstractions, called mental models, that facilitate system understanding while allowing proper control of the system by operators as defined by the full-control property. Both the domain and its mental model have Labelled Transition Systems (LTS) semantics, and we proposed algorithms for automatically generating minimal mental models as well as checking full-control.
This paper presents a methodology and an associated framework for using the above and other formal method based algorithms to support the design of HMI systems. The framework can be used for modelling HMI systems and analysing models against HMI vulnerabilities. The analysis can be used for validation purposes or for generating artifacts such as mental models, manuals and recovery procedures. The framework is implemented in the JavaPathfinder model checker. Our methodology is demonstrated on two examples, an existing benchmark of a medical device, and a model generated from the ADEPT toolset developed at NASA Ames. Guidelines about how ADEPT models can be translated automatically into JavaPathfinder models are also discussed.
C1 [Combefis, Sebastien; Pecheur, Charles] Catholic Univ Louvain, Comp Sci & Engn Dept, ICT, Elect & Appl Math Inst, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
[Giannakopoulou, Dimitra; Feary, Michael] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Combefis, S (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Comp Sci & Engn Dept, ICT, Elect & Appl Math Inst, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
EM Sebastien.Combefis@uclouvain.be; Dimitra.Giannakopoulou@nasa.gov;
Charles.Pecheur@uclouvain.be; Michael.S.Feary@nasa.gov
FU Human System Solutions element of NASA's System-wide Safety Assurance
Technologies; MoVES under the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme
Belgian State Belgian Science Policy
FX This work was supported by the Human System Solutions element of NASAs
System-wide Safety Assurance Technologies project and by the project
MoVES under the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme Belgian State
Belgian Science Policy
NR 28
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1062-922X
BN 978-1-4577-0653-0
J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN
PY 2011
BP 1801
EP 1808
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems
SC Computer Science
GA BYG71
UT WOS:000298615102015
ER
PT S
AU Giannakopoulou, D
Rungta, N
Feary, M
AF Giannakopoulou, Dimitra
Rungta, Neha
Feary, Michael
GP IEEE
TI Automated Test Case Generation for an Autopilot Requirement Prototype
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS
(SMC)
SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference
Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC)
CY OCT 09-12, 2011
CL Anchorage, AK
SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB)
DE human computer interactions; symbolic execution; testing; formal methods
AB Designing safety-critical automation with robust human interaction is a difficult task that is susceptible to a number of known Human-Automation Interaction (HAI) vulnerabilities. It is therefore essential to develop automated tools that provide support both in the design and rapid evaluation of such automation. The Automation Design and Evaluation Prototyping Toolset (ADEPT) enables the rapid development of an executable specification for automation behavior and user interaction. ADEPT supports a number of analysis capabilities, thus enabling the detection of HAI vulnerabilities early in the design process, when modifications are less costly. In this paper, we advocate the introduction of a new capability to model-based prototyping tools such as ADEPT. The new capability is based on symbolic execution that allows us to automatically generate quality test suites based on the system design. Symbolic execution is used to generate both user input and test oracles; user input drives the testing of the system implementation, and test oracles ensure that the system behaves as designed. We present early results in the context of a component in the Autopilot system modeled in ADEPT, and discuss the challenges of test case generation in the HAI domain.
C1 [Giannakopoulou, Dimitra; Rungta, Neha; Feary, Michael] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Giannakopoulou, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM dimitra.giannakopoulou@nasa.gov; neha.s.rungta@nasa.gov;
michael.s.feary@nasa.gov
NR 22
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1062-922X
BN 978-1-4577-0653-0
J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN
PY 2011
BP 1825
EP 1830
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems
SC Computer Science
GA BYG71
UT WOS:000298615102018
ER
PT S
AU Huntsberger, T
AF Huntsberger, Terry
GP IEEE
TI Clonal Selection Based Artificial Immune System for Generalized Pattern
Recognition
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS
(SMC)
SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference
Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC)
CY OCT 09-12, 2011
CL Anchorage, AK
SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc (CAS), IEEE Engn, Med & Biol Soc (EMB)
DE artificial immune system; pattern recognition; classification
ID SHAPE-SPACE; MODEL
AB The last two decades has seen a rapid increase in the application of AIS (Artificial Immune Systems) modeled after the human immune system to a wide range of areas including network intrusion detection, job shop scheduling, classification, pattern recognition, and robot control. JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) has developed an integrated pattern recognition/classification system called AISLE (Artificial Immune System for Learning and Exploration) based on biologically inspired models of B-cell dynamics in the immune system. When used for unsupervised or supervised classification, the method scales linearly with the number of dimensions, has performance that is relatively independent of the total size of the dataset, and has been shown to perform as well as traditional clustering methods. When used for pattern recognition, the method efficiently isolates the appropriate matches in the data set. The paper presents the underlying structure of AISLE and the results from a number of experimental studies.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Autonomous Syst Div, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Huntsberger, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Autonomous Syst Div, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Terry.Huntsberger@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1062-922X
BN 978-1-4577-0653-0
J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN
PY 2011
BP 3090
EP 3095
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems
SC Computer Science
GA BYG71
UT WOS:000298615103052
ER
PT S
AU Jaross, G
Kelly, T
Flittner, D
Seftor, C
Buss, R
Flynn, L
AF Jaross, G.
Kelly, T.
Flittner, D.
Seftor, C.
Buss, R.
Flynn, L.
GP IEEE
TI POST-LAUNCH PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE OMPS SENSORS ON NAPP
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
CY JUL 24-29, 2011
CL Vancouver, CANADA
SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS)
DE Earth Observing System; Remote Sensing; Calibration
AB The design of the instruments in the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite is each based on heritage instruments whose products have been validated via long-established techniques. The pre-launch performance characteristics of these instruments is as good or better than those of their predecessors, implying a similar result for OMPS ozone products. Each OMPS instrument, however, has unique design characteristics that have never before been applied to or have seen limited use in flight instruments. These aspects are singled out for special attention during the evaluation phase early in the NPP mission.
C1 [Jaross, G.; Kelly, T.; Seftor, C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Flittner, D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Buss, R.] Raytheon Miss Operat Solut, Waltham, MA 02451 USA.
[Flynn, L.] NOAA NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Jaross, G (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009
OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2153-6996
BN 978-1-4577-1005-6
J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE
PY 2011
BP 3394
EP 3396
DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049948
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Remote Sensing
SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing
GA BXX72
UT WOS:000297496303096
ER
PT S
AU Lee, CH
Cheung, KM
Ho, C
AF Lee, Charles H.
Cheung, Kar-Ming
Ho, Christian
GP IEEE
TI A UNIFIED LOW ELEVATION ANGLE SCINTILLATION MODEL
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI)
SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation
(APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting
CY JUL 03-08, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI
DE tropspheric scintillation; fading; multipath effects; low elevation
AB Enabling communications at very low elevation can lengthen the pass duration between a satellite and a ground station, which in turn can increase the amount of data return and possibly reduce the number of required supporting ground stations. Link performance, especially at very low angles and high frequencies, depends heavily on terrain, atmosphere, and weather, etc. Among the different crucial attenuations, scintillation fading plays a significant role and can greatly impair the performance of the link. It is therefore necessary to model correctly the overall impacts to the link due to scintillation fading. The current International Telecommunication Union Recommendation ITU-R P.618-10 describes three scintillation loss models depending on the elevation angles and percentage of time for which the loss exceeds certain threshold. Implementation of the recommendation resulted in many issues. Particularly, it was identified that (i) iterative solutions to an implicit nonlinear exponential model cannot be found in some cases, (ii) there is a discontinuity in fading values, (iii) scintillations at lower elevation angles from a model are unrealistically lower, (iv) for elevation angle between four and five degrees, there are two applicable scintillation models which yield conflicting values. In this article, we develop a new approach to unify the different fading models within the current ITU recommendation and remove the discrepancies completely. We further validated our models using the ITU-adopted scintillation data measured at Goonhilly, Great Britain and several recent NASA's Space Shuttle launches. This improved model has been provisionally approved in the ITU International Meeting in Italy, November 2010, and is being evaluated by the ITU members for adoption into the next version ITU Recommendation ITU-R P. 618-10.
C1 [Lee, Charles H.; Cheung, Kar-Ming; Ho, Christian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Commun Architectures & Res Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Lee, CH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Commun Architectures & Res Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1522-3965
BN 978-1-4244-9561-0
J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP
PY 2011
BP 821
EP 824
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BXV72
UT WOS:000297298500212
ER
PT S
AU Akgiray, A
Weinreb, S
Imbriale, W
AF Akgiray, Ahmed
Weinreb, Sander
Imbriale, William
GP IEEE
TI Design and Measurements of Dual-Polarized Wideband Constant-Beamwidth
Quadruple-Ridged Flared Horn
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI)
SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation
(APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting
CY JUL 03-08, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI
ID WAVE-GUIDES
AB A quad-ridged, flared horn achieving nearly constant beamwidth and excellent return loss over a 6: 1 frequency bandwidth is presented. Radiation pattern measurements show excellent beamwidth stability from 2 to 12 GHz. Measured return loss is > 10 dB over the entire band and > 15 dB from 2.5 to 11 GHz. Using a custom physical optics code, system performance of a radio telescope is computed and predicted performance is average 70% aperture efficiency and 10 Kelvin of antenna noise temperature.
C1 [Akgiray, Ahmed; Weinreb, Sander] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Imbriale, William] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Akgiray, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM ahmed@caltech.edu
NR 10
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1522-3965
BN 978-1-4244-9561-0
J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP
PY 2011
BP 1135
EP 1138
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BXV72
UT WOS:000297298501070
ER
PT S
AU Cure, D
Weller, T
Miranda, F
Herzig, P
AF Cure, David
Weller, Thomas
Miranda, Felix
Herzig, Paul
GP IEEE
TI One dimensional capacitive loading in a frequency selective surface for
low profile antenna applications
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI)
SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation
(APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting
CY JUL 03-08, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI
DE Frequency Selective Surface; High Impedance Surface; Low Profile
Antennas; Area Reduction; Square Patches; Capacitive loading
AB In this paper, the impact of adding discrete capacitive loading along one dimension of a frequency selective surface for low profile antenna applications is presented for the first time. The measured data demonstrates comparable performance between a non-loaded and a capacitively-loaded FSS with a significant reduction in the number of cells and/or cell geometry size. Additionally, the provision of discrete capacitive loads reduces the FSS susceptibility to fabrication tolerances based on placement of a fixed grid capacitance. The bandwidth increased from 1.8% to 7.3% for a total antenna thickness of similar to lambda/22, and from 1.5% to 9.2% for a thickness of similar to lambda/40. The total antenna area for each case was reduced by 55% and 12%, respectively.
C1 [Cure, David; Weller, Thomas] Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
[Miranda, Felix] NASA, John H Glenn Res, Antenna & Opt Syst Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Herzig, Paul] Engn & Res Raytheon Syst, St Petersburg, FL USA.
RP Cure, D (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
EM dcure@mail.usf.edu
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1522-3965
BN 978-1-4244-9561-0
J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP
PY 2011
BP 2258
EP 2261
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BXV72
UT WOS:000297298502124
ER
PT S
AU Focardi, P
Brown, P
Rahmat-Samii, Y
AF Focardi, P.
Brown, P.
Rahmat-Samii, Y.
GP IEEE
TI A 6-m mesh reflector antenna for SMAP: modeling the RF performance of a
challenging Earth-orbiting instrument
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI)
SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation
(APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting
CY JUL 03-08, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI
DE reflector antennas; mesh reflectors; deployable antennas; remote
sensing; Earth Science; RF modeling
C1 [Focardi, P.; Brown, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Rahmat-Samii, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Focardi, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Paolo.Focardi@JPL.NASA.Gov; Rahmat@ee.ucla.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1522-3965
BN 978-1-4244-9561-0
J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP
PY 2011
BP 2980
EP 2983
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BXV72
UT WOS:000297298503068
ER
PT S
AU Chattopadhayay, G
Lee, C
Jung, C
Lin, R
Peralta, A
Mehdi, I
Llombert, N
Thomas, B
AF Chattopadhayay, Goutam
Lee, Choonsup
Jung, Cecil
Lin, Robert
Peralta, Alessandro
Mehdi, Imran
Llombert, Nuria
Thomas, Bertrand
GP IEEE
TI Integrated Arrays on Silicon at Terahertz Frequencies
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI)
SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation
(APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting
CY JUL 03-08, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI
DE silicon micromaching; terahertz; array receivers
ID TECHNOLOGY; INSTRUMENTS
AB In this paper we explore various receiver font-end and antenna architecture for use in integrated arrays at terahertz frequencies. Development of wafer-level integrated terahertz receiver front-end by using advanced semiconductor fabrication technologies and use of novel integrated antennas with silicon micromachining are reported. We report novel stacking of micro-machined silicon wafers which allows for the 3-dimensional integration of various terahertz receiver components in extremely small packages which easily leads to the development of 2-dimensioanl multi-pixel receiver front-ends in the terahertz frequency range. We also report an integrated micro-lens antenna that goes with the silicon micro-machined front-end. The micro-lens antenna is fed by a waveguide that excites a silicon lens antenna through a leaky-wave or electromagnetic band gap (EBG) resonant cavity. We utilized advanced semiconductor nanofabrication techniques to design, fabricate, and demonstrate a super-compact, low-mass submillimeter-wave heterodyne front-end. When the micro-lens antenna is integrated with the receiver front-end we will be able to assemble integrated heterodyne array receivers for various applications such as multi-pixel high resolution spectrometer and imaging radar at terahertz frequencies.
C1 [Chattopadhayay, Goutam; Lee, Choonsup; Jung, Cecil; Lin, Robert; Peralta, Alessandro; Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Llombert, Nuria] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
[Thomas, Bertrand] Radiometer Phys GmbH, Meckenheim, Germany.
RP Chattopadhayay, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM goutam@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1522-3965
BN 978-1-4244-9561-0
J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP
PY 2011
BP 3000
EP 3003
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BXV72
UT WOS:000297298503073
ER
PT S
AU Jamnejad, V
Juan, NL
AF Jamnejad, Vahraz
Juan, Nuria Llombart
GP IEEE
TI An Analysis of Near Fields of 34m Antennas of JPL/NASA Deep Space
Network
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI)
SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation
(APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting
CY JUL 03-08, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI
DE reflector antennas; near fields; struts; safetyconcerns; RF interference
AB This paper addresses the issue of calculating near fields of the 34m Beam Waveguide (BWG) antennas of the NASA/JPL Deep Space Network (DSN). Calculating the near fields of DSN antennas are of interest in receive mode where the transmitting signals from nearby flying objects such as helicopters and airplanes could interfere with the operation of sensitive RF receiving system of DSN antennas, and in the transmit mode where fields from high-powered DSN antennas interfere with receivers on nearby flying objects, as well as safety considerations for the operators and visitors to the grounds surrounding the antenna sites. A complete and detailed analysis has been performed using PO/PTD techniques, including surface errors and support struts effects. Some results are presented, including comparisons with preliminary field tests.
C1 [Jamnejad, Vahraz] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Juan, Nuria Llombart] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Opt, Madrid, Spain.
RP Jamnejad, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM vahraz.jamnejad@jpl.nasa.gov; nuria.llombart@opt.ucm.es
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1522-3965
BN 978-1-4244-9561-0
J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP
PY 2011
BP 3004
EP 3007
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BXV72
UT WOS:000297298503074
ER
PT S
AU Rengarajan, SR
Zawadzki, MS
Hodges, RE
AF Rengarajan, Sembiam R.
Zawadzki, Mark S.
Hodges, Richard E.
GP IEEE
TI Ka Band Slot Array Antenna for Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
Topographic Mapping Mission
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI)
SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation
(APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting
CY JUL 03-08, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI
DE slot array; antenna array; design of planar arrays
AB This paper presents results of a study of the feasibility of Ka band slot arrays for an interferometric radar for the purpose of topographic mapping of the outer planets such as Jupiter and its moons. A small array is designed, built and tested.
C1 [Rengarajan, Sembiam R.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Northridge, CA 91330 USA.
[Zawadzki, Mark S.; Hodges, Richard E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Rengarajan, SR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Northridge, CA 91330 USA.
EM srengarajan@csun.edu
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1522-3965
BN 978-1-4244-9561-0
J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP
PY 2011
BP 3034
EP 3036
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BXV72
UT WOS:000297298503082
ER
PT J
AU Divsalar, D
Dolecek, L
AF Divsalar, Dariush
Dolecek, Lara
GP IEEE
TI Enumerators for Protograph-Based Ensembles of Nonbinary LDPC Codes
SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS
(ISIT)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)
CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011
CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA
SP IEEE
AB This paper considers the ensemble enumerators of protograph-based nonbinary (PB NB) LDPC codes. Equipped with combinatorial definitions extended to the nonbinary domain, ensemble enumerators of codeword weight, trapping set size and stopping set size are calculated. The exact enumerators are presented in the finite-length regime, and the corresponding growth rates are calculated in the asymptotic regime. Our results can provide useful analytical tools for a range of communication and storage applications employing nonbinary LDPC codes.
C1 [Divsalar, Dariush] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Dolecek, Lara] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Divsalar, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Dariush.Divsalar@jpl.nasa.gov; dolecek@ee.ucla.edu
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4577-0595-3
PY 2011
BP 913
EP 917
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BXX65
UT WOS:000297465101019
ER
PT S
AU Cochran, DJ
Boutte, AJ
Campola, MJ
Carts, MA
Casey, MC
Chen, DK
LaBel, KA
Ladbury, RL
Lauenstein, JM
Marshall, CJ
O'Bryan, MV
Oldham, TR
Pellish, JA
Sanders, AB
Xapsos, MA
AF Cochran, Donna J.
Boutte, Alvin J.
Campola, Michael J.
Carts, Martin A.
Casey, Megan C.
Chen, Dakai
LaBel, Kenneth A.
Ladbury, Raymond L.
Lauenstein, Jean-Marie
Marshall, Cheryl J.
O'Bryan, Martha V.
Oldham, Timothy R.
Pellish, Jonathan A.
Sanders, Anthony B.
Xapsos, Michael A.
GP IEEE
TI Recent Total Ionizing Dose and Displacement Damage Compendium of
Candidate Electronics for NASA Space Systems
SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW)
SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International
Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC)
CY JUL 25-29, 2011
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm
DE Displacement Damage; Optoelectronics; Proton Damage; Single Event
Effects; Total Ionizing Dose
AB Vulnerability of a variety of candidate spacecraft electronics to total ionizing dose and displacement damage is studied. Devices tested include optoelectronics, digital, analog, linear bipolar devices, and hybrid devices.
C1 [Cochran, Donna J.; O'Bryan, Martha V.] MEI Technol Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA.
[Boutte, Alvin J.; Campola, Michael J.; Carts, Martin A.; Casey, Megan C.; Chen, Dakai; LaBel, Kenneth A.; Ladbury, Raymond L.; Lauenstein, Jean-Marie; Marshall, Cheryl J.; Pellish, Jonathan A.; Sanders, Anthony B.; Xapsos, Michael A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Oldham, Timothy R.] Dell Perot Syst Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Cochran, DJ (reprint author), MEI Technol Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA.
EM Donna.J.Cochran@nasa.gov; Megan.C.Casey@nasa.gov;
Kenneth.A.LaBel@nasa.gov; Raymond.L.Ladbury@nasa.gov;
Martha.V.Obryan@nasa.gov; Timothy.R.Oldham@nasa.gov;
Jonathan.A.Pellish@nasa.gov; Anthony.B.Sanders@nasa.gov
FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), NASA Flight
Projects; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO [10-4977I,
11-4395I]
FX The Authors would like to acknowledge the sponsors of this effort: NASA
Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), NASA Flight Projects, and
the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO# 10-4977I and
11-4395I. The authors thank members of the Radiation Effects and
Analysis Group (REAG) who contributed to the test results presented
here: Melanie D. Berg, Mark Friendlich, Hak S. Kim, Anthony M.
Dung-Phan, Donald K. Hawkins, James D. Forney, Tim Irwin, Christina M.
Seidleck, and Stephen R. Cox.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2154-0519
BN 978-1-4577-1283-8
J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS
PY 2011
BP 23
EP 32
PG 10
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BYJ79
UT WOS:000299051900005
ER
PT S
AU O'Bryan, MV
LaBel, KA
Pellish, JA
Lauenstein, JM
Chen, DK
Marshall, CJ
Oldham, TR
Kim, HS
Phan, AM
Berg, MD
Campola, MJ
Sanders, AB
Marshall, PW
Xapsos, MA
Heidel, DF
Rodbell, KP
Swonger, JW
Alexander, D
Gauthier, M
Gauthier, B
AF O'Bryan, Martha V.
LaBel, Kenneth A.
Pellish, Jonathan A.
Lauenstein, Jean-Marie
Chen, Dakai
Marshall, Cheryl J.
Oldham, Timothy R.
Kim, Hak S.
Phan, Anthony M.
Berg, Melanie D.
Campola, Michael J.
Sanders, Anthony B.
Marshall, Paul W.
Xapsos, Michael A.
Heidel, David F.
Rodbell, Kenneth P.
Swonger, Jim W.
Alexander, Don
Gauthier, Michael
Gauthier, Brian
GP IEEE
TI Recent Single Event Effects Compendium of Candidate Electronics for NASA
Space Systems
SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW)
SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International
Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC)
CY JUL 25-29, 2011
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm
DE Single event effects; spacecraft electronics; digital; linear bipolar;
hybrid devices
ID PULSED-LASER; COMMERCIAL NAND; FLASH MEMORIES; UPSET
AB We present the results of single event effects (SEE) testing and analysis investigating the effects of radiation on electronics. This paper is a summary of test results.
C1 [O'Bryan, Martha V.; Kim, Hak S.; Phan, Anthony M.; Berg, Melanie D.] MEI Technol Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[O'Bryan, Martha V.; LaBel, Kenneth A.; Pellish, Jonathan A.; Lauenstein, Jean-Marie; Chen, Dakai; Marshall, Cheryl J.; Oldham, Timothy R.; Kim, Hak S.; Phan, Anthony M.; Berg, Melanie D.; Campola, Michael J.; Sanders, Anthony B.; Xapsos, Michael A.; Rodbell, Kenneth P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Heidel, David F.; Rodbell, Kenneth P.] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA.
[Swonger, Jim W.; Alexander, Don] Peregrine Semicond, San Diego, CA USA.
[Gauthier, Michael; Gauthier, Brian] Semicoa, Torrance, CA USA.
RP O'Bryan, MV (reprint author), MEI Technol Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM martha.v.obryan@nasa.gov; kenneth.a.label@nasa.gov;
jonathan.a.pellish@nasa.gov; jean.m.lauenstein@nasa.gov;
Dakai.Chen-1@nasa.gov; cheryl.j.marshall@nasa.gov;
timothy.r.oldham@nasa.gov; Hak.S.Kim@nasa.gov; Anthony.M.Phan@nasa.gov;
Melanie.D.Berg@nasa.gov; michael.j.campola@nasa.gov;
anthony.b.sanders@nasa.gov; pwmarshall@aol.com;
michael.a.xapsos@nasa.gov
FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), NASA Flight
Projects; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO [10-4977I,
11-4395I]
FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and
Packaging Program (NEPP), NASA Flight Projects, and the Defense Threat
Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO# 10-4977I, IACRO# 11-4395I.
NR 49
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2154-0519
BN 978-1-4577-1283-8
J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS
PY 2011
BP 33
EP 45
PG 13
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BYJ79
UT WOS:000299051900006
ER
PT S
AU Bowles-Martinez, JN
Thorbourn, DO
Rax, BG
Kenna, AJ
Harris, RD
Scheick, LZ
Allen, GR
McClure, SS
AF Bowles-Martinez, J. N.
Thorbourn, D. O.
Rax, B. G.
Kenna, A. J.
Harris, R. D.
Scheick, L. Z.
Allen, G. R.
McClure, S. S.
GP IEEE
TI Compendium of Recent Total Ionizing Dose Test Results Conducted by the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory from 2009-2011
SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW)
SE IEEE Radiation Effect Data Workshop
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/IEEE Nuclear and Space
Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC)
CY JUL 25-29, 2011
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc
DE Co60; Enhanced Low Dose Rate Sensitivity (ELDRS); Microelcetronics;
Radiation Effects; Total Ionizing Dose (TID)
AB This paper reports on the Total Ionizing Dose results for tests performed at JPL from 2009 to 2011. Various microelectronic devices were evaluated to support upcoming missions and research and development projects.
C1 [Bowles-Martinez, J. N.; Thorbourn, D. O.; Rax, B. G.; Kenna, A. J.; Harris, R. D.; Scheick, L. Z.; Allen, G. R.; McClure, S. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Bowles-Martinez, JN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM jbowlesm@jpl.nasa.gov; steven.s.mcclure@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2154-0535
BN 978-1-4577-1283-8
J9 IEEE RAD EFFECT
PY 2011
BP 46
EP 56
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BYJ79
UT WOS:000299051900007
ER
PT S
AU Allen, GR
Madias, G
Miller, E
Swift, G
AF Allen, Gregory R.
Madias, George
Miller, Eric
Swift, Gary
GP IEEE
TI Recent Single Event Effects Results in Advanced Reconfigurable Field
Programmable Gate Arrays
SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW)
SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International
Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC)
CY JUL 25-29, 2011
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm
DE Single-Event Effects; Field Programmable GateArrays; Single-Event
Latchup
AB Radiation results from modern SRAM-based reconfigurable FPGAs are presented. The 65nm Xilinx Mil/Aero Virtex-5, SiliconBlue iCE65, and 40nm Altera Stratix-IV are evaluated for SEE.
C1 [Allen, Gregory R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Madias, George; Miller, Eric] Boeing Space & Intelligence Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA.
[Swift, Gary] Xilinx Inc, San Jose, CA 95124 USA.
RP Allen, GR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Gregory.R.Allen@jpl.nasa.gov; George.n.madias@boeing.com;
eric.j.miller@boeing.com; gswift@xilinx.com
FU National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA); NASA Electronics
Parts Program (NEPP)
FX Manuscript received July 25, 2011. Parts of this work were carried out
by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
under contract with the National Aeronautic and Space Administration
(NASA) with funding from the NASA Electronics Parts Program (NEPP).
Copyright 2010. All rights reserved.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2154-0519
BN 978-1-4577-1283-8
J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS
PY 2011
BP 97
EP 102
PG 6
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BYJ79
UT WOS:000299051900015
ER
PT S
AU Guertin, SM
Hafer, C
Griffith, S
AF Guertin, Steven M.
Hafer, Craig
Griffith, Steve
GP IEEE
TI Investigation of Low Cross Section Events in the RHBD/FT UT699 LEON 3FT
SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW)
SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International
Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC)
CY JUL 25-29, 2011
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm
AB The Aeroflex UT699 LEON 3FT RHBD microprocessor was tested for SEE. Testing showed the UT699 is sensitive to a register SEE above LET = 10 MeV-cm(2)/mg which is of limited impact due to a space rate of approximately 5x10(-6)/device-year. This is on the same order of magnitude with earlier SEE rates predicted from FF upsets. Results were also collected for SpaceWire ports, Watchdog circuitry, SRAM elements (including L1 instruction, L1 data caches), and other potential disruptive events where the processor response could range from error mode to kernel or user thread killing to silent passing of bad data.
C1 [Guertin, Steven M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Hafer, Craig; Griffith, Steve] Aeroflex, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA.
RP Guertin, SM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM steven.m.guertin@jpl.nasa.gov; craig.hafer@aeroflex.com;
griffith@aeroflex.com
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Electronic Parts and
Packaging Program (NEPP)
FX The research in this paper was carried out by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported
in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP).
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2154-0519
BN 978-1-4577-1283-8
J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS
PY 2011
BP 122
EP 129
PG 8
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BYJ79
UT WOS:000299051900019
ER
PT S
AU Irom, F
Nguyen, DN
AF Irom, Farokh
Nguyen, Duc N.
GP IEEE
TI SEE and TID Response of Spansion 512Mb NOR Flash Memory
SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW)
SE IEEE Radiation Effect Data Workshop
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/IEEE Nuclear and Space
Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC)
CY JUL 25-29, 2011
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc
ID COMMERCIAL NAND
AB Single event effect (SEE) and total ionizing dose (TID) response for Spansion 512Mb NOR flash memory are reported. Three SEE phenomena were investigated: single event upsets (SEUs), single event functional interrupts (SEFIs), and high current events. TID measurements were performed in two modes: Erase/Program/Read and Read Only.
C1 [Irom, Farokh; Nguyen, Duc N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Irom, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM farokh.irom@jpl.nasa.gov; duc.n.nguyen@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2154-0535
BN 978-1-4577-1283-8
J9 IEEE RAD EFFECT
PY 2011
BP 143
EP 146
PG 4
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BYJ79
UT WOS:000299051900022
ER
PT S
AU Oldham, TR
Berg, M
Friendlich, M
Wilcox, T
Seidleck, C
LaBel, KA
Irom, F
Buchner, SP
McMorrow, D
Mavis, DG
Eaton, PH
Castillo, J
AF Oldham, Timothy R.
Berg, Melanie
Friendlich, Mark
Wilcox, Ted
Seidleck, Christina
LaBel, Kenneth A.
Irom, Farokh
Buchner, Steven P.
McMorrow, Dale
Mavis, David G.
Eaton, Paul H.
Castillo, James
GP IEEE
TI Investigation of Current Spike Phenomena During Heavy Ion Irradiation of
NAND Flash Memories
SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW)
SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International
Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC)
CY JUL 25-29, 2011
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm
ID COMMERCIAL NAND
AB A series of heavy ion and laser irradiations was performed to investigate previously reported current spikes in flash memories. High current events were observed, however, none matches the previously reported spikes. Plausible mechanisms are discussed.
C1 [Oldham, Timothy R.] Dell Serv Fed Govt Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA.
[Berg, Melanie; Friendlich, Mark; Wilcox, Ted; Seidleck, Christina] MEI Technol Inc, Houston, TX USA.
[LaBel, Kenneth A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Irom, Farokh] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Buchner, Steven P.; McMorrow, Dale] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA.
[Mavis, David G.; Eaton, Paul H.; Castillo, James] Micro RDC Inc, Urbana, IL USA.
RP Oldham, TR (reprint author), Dell Serv Fed Govt Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA.
FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP); Defense Threat
Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO [11-4395I]
FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and
Packaging Program (NEPP), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
under IACRO# 11-4395I. The authors wish to thank Martha OBryan and Donna
Cochran for technical assistance in preparing both the poster and the
final manuscript for this paper.
NR 12
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2154-0519
BN 978-1-4577-1283-8
J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS
PY 2011
BP 152
EP 160
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BYJ79
UT WOS:000299051900024
ER
PT S
AU Harris, RD
Scheick, LZ
Hoffman, JP
Thrivikraman, T
Jenabi, M
Gim, Y
Miyahira, T
AF Harris, Richard D.
Scheick, Leif Z.
Hoffman, James P.
Thrivikraman, Tushar
Jenabi, Masud
Gim, Yonggyu
Miyahira, Tetsuo
GP IEEE
TI Radiation Characterization of Commercial GaN Devices
SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW)
SE IEEE Radiation Effect Data Workshop
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/IEEE Nuclear and Space
Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC)
CY JUL 25-29, 2011
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc
ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS
AB Commercially available devices fabricated from GaN are beginning to appear from a number of different suppliers. In this initial study of the radiation tolerance of commercial GaN devices, several device types from several suppliers were chosen. Three different studies were performed: 1) a preliminary DDD/TID test of a variety of part types was performed by irradiating with 55 MeV protons, 2) a detailed DDD/TID study of one particular part type was performed by irradiating with 55 MeV protons, and 3) a SEB/SEGR test was performed on a variety of part types by irradiating with heavy ions. No significant degradation was observed in any of the tests performed in this study.
C1 [Harris, Richard D.; Scheick, Leif Z.; Hoffman, James P.; Thrivikraman, Tushar; Jenabi, Masud; Gim, Yonggyu; Miyahira, Tetsuo] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Harris, RD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM richard.d.harris@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2154-0535
BN 978-1-4577-1283-8
J9 IEEE RAD EFFECT
PY 2011
BP 177
EP 181
PG 5
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BYJ79
UT WOS:000299051900028
ER
PT S
AU Scheick, LZ
Gauthier, M
Gauthier, B
Triggs, B
AF Scheick, Leif Z.
Gauthier, Michael
Gauthier, Brian
Triggs, Brian
GP IEEE
TI Recent Power MOSFET Test Results
SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW)
SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International
Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC)
CY JUL 25-29, 2011
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm
ID EVENT GATE RUPTURE; SEGR; ENERGY
AB The results of recent Single Event Effect (SEE) testing of newly available power MOSFETS are presented.
C1 [Scheick, Leif Z.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Gauthier, Michael; Gauthier, Brian; Triggs, Brian] Semicoa Corp, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA.
RP Scheick, LZ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM leif.z.scheick@jpl.nasa.gov; MGauthier@semicoa.com;
BGauthier@semicoa.com; BTriggs@semicoa.com
FU Government sponsorship; NASA Electronics Parts and Packaging Program
FX The research in this paper was carried out by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2011 California
Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Partial
support from the NASA Electronics Parts and Packaging Program is
gratefully acknowledged.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2154-0519
BN 978-1-4577-1283-8
J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS
PY 2011
BP 182
EP 187
PG 6
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BYJ79
UT WOS:000299051900029
ER
PT S
AU Koontz, S
Reddell, B
Boeder, P
AF Koontz, Steve
Reddell, Brandon
Boeder, Paul
GP IEEE
TI Calculating Spacecraft Single Event Environments with FLUKA:
Investigating the effects of spacecraft material atomic number on
secondary particle showers, nuclear reactions, and linear energy
transfer (LET) spectra, internal to spacecraft avionics materials, at
high shielding mass
SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW)
SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International
Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC)
CY JUL 25-29, 2011
CL Las Vegas, NV
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm
ID RATE PREDICTION; UPSET; PERFORMANCE; DEVICES; RATES; CODE
AB The contribution, to spacecraft avionics single event effect (SEE), nuclear reaction (NR), and total ionizing dose (TID) environments, of space radiation induced nuclear reactions and secondary particle showers in spacecraft materials is explored using the FLUKA Monte Carlo energetic particle transport code. Estimates of spacecraft single event upset rates produced using FLUKA based methods are compared to flight data. The elemental composition of avionics devices is shown to affect device SEE, NR, and TID environments as does the composition of the spacecraft structural shielding mass.
C1 [Koontz, Steve; Reddell, Brandon] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code ES4 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Boeder, Paul] Boeing Co, Houston, TX 77059 USA.
RP Koontz, S (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code ES4 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM steven.l.koontz@nasa.gov; brandon.d.reddell@nasa.gov;
paul.a.boeder@boeing.com
NR 33
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2154-0519
BN 978-1-4577-1283-8
J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS
PY 2011
BP 188
EP 195
PG 8
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BYJ79
UT WOS:000299051900030
ER
PT S
AU Amadjikpe, AL
Choudhury, D
Ponchak, GE
Papapolymerou, J
AF Amadjikpe, A. L.
Choudhury, D.
Ponchak, G. E.
Papapolymerou, J.
GP IEEE
TI 60 GHz Antenna Integration in a Laptop Computer Base for WPAN
Applications
SO 2011 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM (RWS)
SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)
CY JAN 16-19, 2011
CL Phoenix, AR
SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc), IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc (MTT-S), IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), IEEE Vehicle Tech Soc (VTS)
DE 60 GHz; antenna integration; diffraction; WPAN
AB 60 GHz antennas are embedded in a laptop base to evaluate radiation characteristics from different locations. It is shown that unlike at 2.4 GHz, the base-mounted antenna is very sensitive to small shape deformations from the cover platform, and this is attributed to diffraction from these deformations that are within a wavelength at 60 GHz. Effects of the lid on the base-mounted antenna are also investigated.
C1 [Amadjikpe, A. L.; Papapolymerou, J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA.
[Choudhury, D.] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA.
[Ponchak, G. E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Amadjikpe, AL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA.
FU Intel Corporation
FX The authors wish to acknowledge the Intel Corporation, for funding this
work.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-2958
BN 978-1-4244-7685-5
J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS
PY 2011
BP 46
EP 49
DI 10.1109/RWS.2011.5725494
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BYM97
UT WOS:000299393600012
ER
PT S
AU Scardelletti, MC
Jastram, N
Ponchak, GE
Franklin, RR
AF Scardelletti, Maximilian C.
Jastram, Nathan
Ponchak, George E.
Franklin, Rhonda R.
GP IEEE
TI Characteristics of Planar Monopole Antenna on High Impedance
Electromagnetic Surface
SO 2011 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM (RWS)
SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)
CY JAN 16-19, 2011
CL Phoenix, AR
SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc), IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc (MTT-S), IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), IEEE Vehicle Tech Soc (VTS)
DE Antenna; Artificial Magnetic Conductor; High Impedance Electromagnetic
Surface
ID ARTIFICIAL MAGNETIC CONDUCTOR; BAND
AB This paper presents for the first time measured characteristics of a planar monopole antenna placed directly on a high impedance electromagnetic surface or artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). The return loss and radiation patterns are compared between the antenna in free space, and when placed directly on a perfect electrical conductor (PEC), and on the AMC. The antenna measured in free space has a wide pass band from 3 to 10 GHz. The return loss for the antenna on the PEC is nearly all reflected back and the return loss for the antenna on the AMC has a 10 dB bandwidth from 7.5 to 9.5 GHz. The gain of the antenna in free space, on PEC and on AMC is 1, -12 and 10 dBi, respectively. This indicates that the AMC is working properly, sending all the radiation outward with little loss.
C1 [Scardelletti, Maximilian C.; Jastram, Nathan; Ponchak, George E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 54-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Jastram, Nathan; Franklin, Rhonda R.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Scardelletti, MC (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 54-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RI Franklin, Rhonda/C-8037-2011
FU NASA
FX This work was supported by the NASA Integrated Vehicle Health Management
(IVHM) program. The authors thank Nicholas C. Varaljay and Elizabeth
A.McQuaid for fabricating the circuits.
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-2958
BN 978-1-4244-7685-5
J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS
PY 2011
BP 86
EP 89
DI 10.1109/RWS.2011.5725505
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BYM97
UT WOS:000299393600021
ER
PT S
AU Ponchak, GE
Amadjikpe, AL
Choudhury, D
Papapolymerou, J
AF Ponchak, George E.
Amadjikpe, Arnaud L.
Choudhury, Debabani
Papapolymerou, John
GP IEEE
TI Experimental Investigation of 60 GHz Transmission Characteristics
Between Computers on a Conference Table for WPAN Applications
SO 2011 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM (RWS)
SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)
CY JAN 16-19, 2011
CL Phoenix, AR
SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc), IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc (MTT-S), IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), IEEE Vehicle Tech Soc (VTS)
DE indoor radio communications; WPAN; antennas; embedded antennas in laptop
computers
ID ENVIRONMENT; BAND
AB In this paper, the first measurements of the received radiated power between antennas located on a conference table to simulate the environment of antennas embedded in laptop computers for 60 GHz WPAN applications is presented. A high gain horn antenna and a medium gain microstrip patch antenna for two linear polarizations are compared. It is shown that for a typical conference table arrangement with five computers, books, pens, and coffee cups, the antennas should be placed a minimum of 5 cm above the table, but that a height of greater than 20 cm may be required to maximize the received power in all cases.
C1 [Ponchak, George E.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Amadjikpe, Arnaud L.; Papapolymerou, John] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30338 USA.
[Choudhury, Debabani] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA.
RP Ponchak, GE (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-2958
BN 978-1-4244-7685-5
J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS
PY 2011
BP 327
EP 330
DI 10.1109/RWS.2011.5725434
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BYM97
UT WOS:000299393600080
ER
PT S
AU Dahl, KP
Thompson, DR
McLaren, D
Chao, Y
Chien, S
AF Dahl, Kristen P.
Thompson, David R.
McLaren, David
Chao, Yi
Chien, Steve
GP IEEE
TI Current-Sensitive Path Planning for an Underactuated Free-floating Ocean
Sensorweb
SO 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS
SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems
CY SEP 25-30, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP IEEE, Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), BOSCH, HONDA, KUKA, SRI Int, ABB, Willow Garage, ALDEBARAN, Google, INTUITIVE Surg, SCHUNK, IEEE Ind Elect Soc (IES), Soc Instrument & Control Engineers (SICE), New Technol Fdn (NTF), IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RAS), Inst Control, Robto & Syst (ICROS)
AB This work investigates multiagent path planning in strong, dynamic currents using thousands of highly underactuated vehicles. We address the specific task of path planning for a global network of ocean-observing floats. These submersibles are typified by the Argo global network consisting of over 3000 sensor platforms. They can control their buoyancy to float at depth for data collection or rise to the surface for satellite communications. Currently, floats drift at a constant depth regardless of the local currents. However, accurate current forecasts have become available which present the possibility of intentionally controlling floats' motion by dynamically commanding them to linger at different depths. This project explores the use of these current predictions to direct float networks to some desired final formation or position. It presents multiple algorithms for such path optimization and demonstrates their advantage over the standard approach of constant-depth drifting.
C1 [Dahl, Kristen P.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91126 USA.
[Thompson, David R.; McLaren, David; Chao, Yi; Chien, Steve] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Dahl, KP (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91126 USA.
EM kdahl@caltech.edu
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2153-0858
BN 978-1-61284-455-8
J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT
PY 2011
BP 3140
EP 3146
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information
Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics
GA BXX70
UT WOS:000297477503075
ER
PT S
AU Kuwata, Y
Wolf, MT
Zarzhitsky, D
Huntsberger, TL
AF Kuwata, Yoshiaki
Wolf, Michael T.
Zarzhitsky, Dimitri
Huntsberger, Terrance L.
GP IEEE
TI Safe Maritime Navigation with COLREGS Using Velocity Obstacles
SO 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS
SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems
CY SEP 25-30, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP IEEE, Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), BOSCH, HONDA, KUKA, SRI Int, ABB, Willow Garage, ALDEBARAN, Google, INTUITIVE Surg, SCHUNK, IEEE Ind Elect Soc (IES), Soc Instrument & Control Engineers (SICE), New Technol Fdn (NTF), IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RAS), Inst Control, Robto & Syst (ICROS)
DE COLREGS; Velocity Obstacles; Maritime Navigation; USV
ID VEHICLES
AB This paper presents a motion planning algorithm for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) to navigate safely in dynamic, cluttered environments. The proposed algorithm not only addresses Hazard Avoidance (HA) for stationary and moving hazards but also applies the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (known as COLREGS). The COLREGS rules specify, for example, which vessel is responsible for giving way to the other and to which side of the "stand-on" vessel to maneuver. The three primary COLREGS rules were considered in this paper: crossing, overtaking, and head-on situations. For USVs to be safely deployed in environments with other traffic boats, it is imperative that the USV's navigation algorithm obey COLREGS. Note also that if other boats disregard their responsibility under COLREGS, the USV will still apply its HA algorithms to avoid a collision. The proposed approach is based on Velocity Obstacles, which generates a cone-shaped obstacle in the velocity space. Because Velocity Obstacles also specify which side of the obstacle the vehicle will pass during the avoidance maneuver, COLREGS are encoded in the velocity space very naturally. The algorithm is demonstrated via both simulation and on-water tests.
C1 [Kuwata, Yoshiaki; Wolf, Michael T.; Zarzhitsky, Dimitri; Huntsberger, Terrance L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Kuwata, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM Yoshiaki.Kuwata@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2153-0858
BN 978-1-61284-455-8
J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT
PY 2011
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information
Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics
GA BXX70
UT WOS:000297477505014
ER
PT S
AU Liu, D
Hostetler, C
Cook, A
Miller, I
Hair, J
AF Liu, Dong
Hostetler, Chris
Cook, Anthony
Miller, Ian
Hair, Johnathan
BE Wang, Y
Sheng, Y
Shieh, HP
Tatsuno, K
TI Modeling of a field-widened Michelson interferometric filter for
application in a high spectral resolution lidar
SO 2011 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNOLOGY:
OPTICAL SYSTEMS AND MODERN OPTOELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology (OIT) -
Optical Systems and Modern Optoelectronic Instruments
CY NOV 06-09, 2011
CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP China Instrument & Control Soc (CIS), Chinese Opt Soc (COS), SPIE
DE field-widened; Michelson interferometer; spectral filter; high spectral
resolution lidar; system modeling
ID COEFFICIENTS; EXTINCTION
AB High spectral resolution lidars (HSRLs) are increasingly being deployed on aircraft and called for on future space-based missions. The HSRL technique relies on spectral discrimination of the atmospheric backscatter signals to enable independent, unambiguous retrieval of aerosol extinction and backscatter. A compact, monolithic field-widened Michelson interferometer is being developed as the spectral discrimination filter for an HSRL system at NASA Langley Research Center. The interferometer consists of a cubic beam splitter, a solid glass arm, and an air arm. The spacer that connects the air arm mirror to the main part of the interferometer is designed to optimize thermal compensation such that the maximum interference can be tuned with great precision to the transmitted laser wavelength. In this paper, a comprehensive radiometric model for the field-widened Michelson interferometeric spectral filter is presented. The model incorporates the angular distribution and finite cross sectional area of the light source, reflectance of all surfaces, loss of absorption, and lack of parallelism between the air-arm and solid arm, etc. The model can be used to assess the performance of the interferometer and thus it is a useful tool to evaluate performance budgets and to set optical specifications for new designs of the same basic interferometer type.
C1 [Liu, Dong; Hostetler, Chris; Cook, Anthony; Hair, Johnathan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Liu, D (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM dong.liu@nasa.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-838-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8197
AR 81971H
DI 10.1117/12.907546
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BYI07
UT WOS:000298878400049
ER
PT J
AU Hoffman, E
AF Hoffman, Ed
BE Kocaoglu, DF
Anderson, TR
Daim, TU
TI Grand Challenges and Projects: Facilitating Knowledge, Learning and
Innovation
SO 2011 PROCEEDINGS OF PICMET 11: TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT IN THE ENERGY-SMART
WORLD (PICMET)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and
Technology (PICMET) Conference on Technology Management in the
Energy-Smart World
CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2011
CL Portland, OR
SP Portland State Univ, Maseeh Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Dept Engn & Technol Management, Portland State Univ, Off Informat Technol, IKON Off Solut
AB The development of sustainable sources of energy is the grand challenge of the early 21st century, much as the moon landing was the first grand challenge of the Space Age. The organizational approach to these challenges, which require significant knowledge, learning, and innovation, is project-based: project management teams coordinate diverse discipline experts, scientists, engineers, business professionals, suppliers, and other partners in the design, development, and implementation of one-of-a-kind solutions to highly complex problems.
The NASA Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership helps build NASA's capability to tackle grand challenges by facilitating learning at the individual, team, and organizational levels. Through strategies that emphasize technology-enabled learning, direct support to project teams, and knowledge sharing, the Academy creates multiple "touch points" for professional development. In the process, individuals build their competencies and skills, teams get the support they need in the field, and the agency matures as a learning organization. It is a flexible model that is highly adaptable to project-based organizations pursing the grand challenge of our time.
C1 [Hoffman, Ed] NASA, Acad Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Hoffman, E (reprint author), NASA, Acad Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-890843-23-6
PY 2011
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management
Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BYF23
UT WOS:000298384400197
ER
PT S
AU Eberspeaker, PJ
Pierce, DL
AF Eberspeaker, P. J.
Pierce, D. L.
BE Ouwehand, L
TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE NASA SOUNDING ROCKETS AND BALLOON PROGRAMS
SO 20TH ESA SYMPOSIUM ON EUROPEAN ROCKET AND BALLOON PROGRAMMES AND RELATED
RESEARCH
SE ESA Special Publications
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 20th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related
Research
CY MAY 22-26, 2011
CL Hyere, FRANCE
SP European Space Agcy, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, Swedish Space Corp Sweden, Rymdstyrelsen Swedish Natl Space Board, Deutsch Zentrum Luft Raumfahrt, Andoya Rocket Range, Swiss Fed Inst Technol
AB The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Sounding Rockets and Balloon Programs conduct a total of 30 to 40 missions per year in support of the NASA scientific community and other users.
The NASA Sounding Rockets Program supports the science community by integrating their experiments into the sounding rocket payloads, and providing both the rocket vehicle and launch operations services. Activities since 2009 have included one flight from Andoya Rocket Range, more than ten flights from White Sands Missile Range, approximately six flights from Wallops Flight Facility, and an additional four flights from Poker Flat Research Range. Other activities include one developmental flight of the Terrier-Improved Malemute launch vehicle, the development of a high data rate telemetry capability, and numerous smaller activities to improve program support capabilities. Future missions include two flights from the Kwajalein Atoll in the Pacific Ocean and two flights from Andoya Rocket Range in 2012. Preliminary planning is underway for a possible launch campaigns in Woomera, Australia in the 2014 and 2016 time frame.
The NASA Balloon Program supported numerous science missions in 2009 - 2010 with flights from the U.S., Sweden, Australia, and Antarctica. In addition, NASA continues incremental design qualification towards development of heavy lift super pressure balloons, capable of supporting upwards of one hundred day missions. New flight and ground safety procedures have been implemented to provide enhanced launch and flight safety.
C1 [Eberspeaker, P. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Sounding Rocket Program Off, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
RP Eberspeaker, PJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Sounding Rocket Program Off, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC
PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK
PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS
SN 0379-6566
BN 978-92-9092-264-3
J9 ESA SPEC PUBL
PY 2011
VL 700
BP 47
EP 54
PG 8
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BGZ78
UT WOS:000324759000006
ER
PT S
AU Stahl, HP
AF Stahl, H. Philip
BE RodriguezVera, R
DiazUribe, R
TI Rules for Optical Metrology
SO 22ND CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR OPTICS: LIGHT FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd Congress of the International Commission for Optics - Light for the
Development of the World
CY AUG 15-19, 2011
CL Puebla, MEXICO
SP Centro Investigaciones Optica (CIO), Instituto Nacl Astrofisica, Optica Electronica (INAOE), Universidad Nacl Autonoma Mexico (UNAM), Centro Investigacion Cientifica Educacion Super Ensenada (CICESE), Consejo Nacl Ciencia Tecnologia (CONACYT), Centro Ciencias Aplicadas Desarrollo Tecnologico UNAM (CCADET-UNAM), Benemerita Universidad Autonoma Puebla, Int Commiss Opt (ICO), Opt Soc Amer (OSA), Centro Latinoamericano Fisica (CLAF), SPIE, Div Optica Sociedad Mexicana Fisica (DIVO-SMF), Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP)
DE Optical Metrology; Optical Testing
AB Based on 30 years of optical testing experience, I have defined seven guiding principles for optical testing. This paper introduces these rules and discusses examples of their application.
C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
EM h.philip.stahl@nasa.gov
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-585-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8011
AR 80111B
DI 10.1117/12.902826
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BXY01
UT WOS:000297585800047
ER
PT S
AU Stahl, HP
Henrichs, T
AF Stahl, H. Philip
Henrichs, Todd
BE RodriguezVera, R
DiazUribe, R
TI Cost Modeling for Space Optical Telescope Assemblies
SO 22ND CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR OPTICS: LIGHT FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd Congress of the International Commission for Optics - Light for the
Development of the World
CY AUG 15-19, 2011
CL Puebla, MEXICO
SP Centro Investigaciones Optica (CIO), Instituto Nacl Astrofisica, Optica Electronica (INAOE), Universidad Nacl Autonoma Mexico (UNAM), Centro Investigacion Cientifica Educacion Super Ensenada (CICESE), Consejo Nacl Ciencia Tecnologia (CONACYT), Centro Ciencias Aplicadas Desarrollo Tecnologico UNAM (CCADET-UNAM), Benemerita Universidad Autonoma Puebla, Int Commiss Opt (ICO), Opt Soc Amer (OSA), Centro Latinoamericano Fisica (CLAF), SPIE, Div Optica Sociedad Mexicana Fisica (DIVO-SMF), Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP)
DE Space Telescope Cost Model; Parametric Cost Model
AB Parametric cost models are used to plan missions, compare concepts and justify technology investments. This paper reviews an on-going effort to develop cost modes for space telescopes. This paper summarizes the methodology used to develop cost models and documents how changes to the database have changed previously published preliminary cost models. While the cost models are evolving, the previously published findings remain valid: it costs less per square meter of collecting aperture to build a large telescope than a small telescope; technology development as a function of time reduces cost; and lower areal density telescopes cost more than more massive telescopes.
C1 [Stahl, H. Philip] NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35821 USA.
RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35821 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-585-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8011
AR 80111C
DI 10.1117/12.902829
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BXY01
UT WOS:000297585800048
ER
PT S
AU Tucker, OJ
Erwin, JT
Johnson, RE
Volkov, AN
Cassidy, TA
AF Tucker, Orenthal J.
Erwin, Justin T.
Johnson, Robert E.
Volkov, Alexey N.
Cassidy, Timothy A.
BE Levin, DA
Wysong, IJ
Garcia, AL
TI Fluid/Kinetic Hybrid Simulation of Atmospheric Escape: Pluto
SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS, 2010, PTS ONE AND
TWO
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 27th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics
CY JUL 10-15, 2010
CL Asilomar Conf Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA
SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Dept Aerospace Engn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Engn, San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, Spectral Sci, Inc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA), Pennsylvania State Univ, Conf & Inst, Outreach
HO Asilomar Conf Grounds
DE Jeans escape; Slow Hydrodynamic; Pluto; Thermal escape
ID DYNAMICS; N-2
AB A hybrid fluid/molecular kinetic model was developed to describe the escape of molecules from the gravitational well of a planet's atmosphere. This model was applied to a one dimensional, radial description of molecular escape from the atmosphere of Pluto and compared to purely fluid dynamic simulations of escape for two solar heating cases. The hybrid simulations show that the atmospheric temperature vs. altitude and the escape rates can differ significantly from those obtained using only a fluid description of the atmosphere.
C1 [Tucker, Orenthal J.; Erwin, Justin T.; Johnson, Robert E.; Volkov, Alexey N.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Cassidy, Timothy A.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Tucker, OJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
FU NASA's Planetary Atmosphere program [NNX09AB68G]; NSF Astronomy program
[AST-0908378]
FX Support from NASAs Planetary Atmosphere program (#NNX09AB68G) & NSF
Astronomy program (#AST-0908378).
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0889-0
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2011
VL 1333
BP 1145
EP +
DI 10.1063/1.3562798
PG 2
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA BXE34
UT WOS:000295855300178
ER
PT J
AU Mithal, V
Garg, A
Boriah, S
Steinbach, M
Kumar, V
Potter, C
Klooster, S
Castilla-Rubio, JC
AF Mithal, Varun
Garg, Ashish
Boriah, Shyam
Steinbach, Michael
Kumar, Vipin
Potter, Christopher
Klooster, Steven
Castilla-Rubio, Juan Carlos
TI Monitoring Global Forest Cover Using Data Mining
SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Algorithms; Design; Performance; Computational sustainability; forest
cover change; land change; remote sensing
AB Forests are a critical component of the planet's ecosystem. Unfortunately, there has been significant degradation in forest cover over recent decades as a result of logging, conversion to crop, plantation, and pasture land, or disasters (natural or man made) such as forest fires, floods, and hurricanes. As a result, significant attention is being given to the sustainable use of forests. A key to effective forest management is quantifiable knowledge about changes in forest cover. This requires identification and characterization of changes and the discovery of the relationship between these changes and natural and anthropogenic variables. In this article, we present our preliminary efforts and achievements in addressing some of these tasks along with the challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed in the future. At a higher level, our goal is to provide an overview of the exciting opportunities and challenges in developing and applying data mining approaches to provide critical information for forest and land use management.
C1 [Mithal, Varun; Garg, Ashish; Boriah, Shyam; Steinbach, Michael; Kumar, Vipin] Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Potter, Christopher; Klooster, Steven] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
RP Kumar, V (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 4-192 Keller Hall,200 Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
EM kumar@cs.umn.edu
FU NSF [IIS-0713227, IIS-0905581]; NASA [NNX09AL60G]; University of
Minnesota MN Futures Program; Planetary Skin Institute
FX The research described in this article was supported by NSF Grant
IIS-0713227, NSF Grant IIS-0905581, NASA Grant NNX09AL60G, the
University of Minnesota MN Futures Program, and by the Planetary Skin
Institute whose objective is to develop contextually sensitive resource
and risk management decision support capabilities of local, regional,
and global application. Access to computing facilities was provided by
the University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute.
NR 30
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 11
PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY
PI NEW YORK
PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA
SN 2157-6904
J9 ACM T INTEL SYST TEC
JI ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol.
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 4
SI SI
AR 36
DI 10.1145/1989734.1989740
PG 24
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information
Systems
SC Computer Science
GA V27MK
UT WOS:000208617100006
ER
PT J
AU Reddy, SY
Frank, JD
Iatauro, MJ
Boyce, ME
Kurklu, E
Al-Chang, M
Jonsson, AK
AF Reddy, Sudhakar Y.
Frank, Jeremy D.
Iatauro, Michael J.
Boyce, Matthew E.
Kuerklue, Elif
Al-Chang, Mitchell
Jonsson, Ari K.
TI Planning Solar Array Operations on the International Space Station
SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Algorithms; Planning; scheduling; constraint satisfaction; optimization;
space mission operations
AB Flight controllers manage the orientation and modes of eight large solar arrays that power the International Space Station (ISS). The task requires generating plans that balance complex constraints and preferences. These considerations include context-dependent constraints on viable solar array configurations, temporal limits on transitions between configurations, and preferences on which considerations have priority. The Solar Array Constraint Engine (SACE) treats this operations planning problem as a sequence of tractable constrained optimization problems. SACE uses constraint management and automated planning capabilities to reason about the constraints, to find optimal array configurations subject to these constraints and solution preferences, and to automatically generate solar array operations plans. SACE further provides flight controllers with real-time situational awareness and what-if analysis capabilities. SACE is built on the Extensible Universal Remote Operations Planning Architecture (EUROPA) model-based planning system. EUROPA facilitated SACE development by providing model-based planning, built-in constraint reasoning capability, and extensibility. This article formulates the planning problem, explains how EUROPA solves the problem, and provides performance statistics from several planning scenarios. SACE reduces a highly manual process that takes weeks to an automated process that takes tens of minutes.
C1 [Reddy, Sudhakar Y.] Boeing Co, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA.
[Frank, Jeremy D.; Iatauro, Michael J.; Boyce, Matthew E.; Kuerklue, Elif; Al-Chang, Mitchell] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
[Jonsson, Ari K.] Reykjavik Univ, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
RP Reddy, SY (reprint author), Boeing Co, 5301 Bolsa Ave,MC H017-D420, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA.
EM sudhakar.y.reddy@boeing.com
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 8
PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY
PI NEW YORK
PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA
SN 2157-6904
J9 ACM T INTEL SYST TEC
JI ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol.
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 4
SI SI
AR 41
DI 10.1145/1989734.1989745
PG 24
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information
Systems
SC Computer Science
GA V27MK
UT WOS:000208617100011
ER
PT J
AU Dyke, G
Gill, S
Davies, R
Betorz, F
Andalsvik, Y
Cackler, J
Dos Santos, W
Dunlop, K
Ferreira, I
Kebe, F
Lamboglia, E
Matsubara, Y
Nikolaidis, V
Ostoja-Starzewski, S
Sakita, M
Verstappen, N
AF Dyke, G.
Gill, S.
Davies, R.
Betorz, F.
Andalsvik, Y.
Cackler, J.
Dos Santos, W.
Dunlop, K.
Ferreira, I.
Kebe, F.
Lamboglia, E.
Matsubara, Y.
Nikolaidis, V.
Ostoja-Starzewski, S.
Sakita, M.
Verstappen, N.
TI Dream project: Applications of earth observations to disaster risk
management
SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA
LA English
DT Article
DE Remote sensing; Earth observation; Disaster risk management; Disasters;
International space university; Space studies program; World Bank; CAPRA
ID POLICY
AB The field of disaster risk management is relatively new and takes a structured approach to managing uncertainty related to the threat of natural and man-made disasters. Disaster risk management consists primarily of risk assessment and the development of strategies to mitigate disaster risk. This paper will discuss how increasing both Earth observation data and information technology capabilities can contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in Belize. The paper presents the results and recommendations of a project conducted by an international and interdisciplinary team of experts at the 2009 session of the International Space University in NASA Ames Research Center (California, USA). The aim is to explore the combination of current, planned and potential space-aided, airborne, and ground-based Earth observation tools, the emergence of powerful new web-based and mobile data management tools, and how this combination can support and improve the emerging field of disaster risk management. The starting point of the project was the World Bank's Comprehensive Approach to Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA) program, focused in Central America. This program was used as a test bed to analyze current space technologies used in risk management and develop new strategies and tools to be applied in other regions around the world. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Gill, S.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA.
[Davies, R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Western Disaster Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA.
[Betorz, F.; Andalsvik, Y.; Cackler, J.; Dos Santos, W.; Dunlop, K.; Ferreira, I.; Kebe, F.; Lamboglia, E.; Matsubara, Y.; Nikolaidis, V.; Ostoja-Starzewski, S.; Sakita, M.; Verstappen, N.] Int Space Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA.
EM george@georgedyke.com; sgill@worldbank.org;
davies@westerndisastercenter.org
FU World Bank
FX The DREAM Project was generously sponsored by the World Bank. The
authors would like to express their sincere gratitude and appreciation
to the individuals who contributed their energy, time, and motivation to
assist in making this project an achievement.
NR 21
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0094-5765
J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT
JI Acta Astronaut.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 1-2
BP 301
EP 315
DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.06.018
PG 15
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA 682FL
UT WOS:000284386700030
ER
PT S
AU Zhao, M
Monnier, JD
Che, X
AF Zhao, Ming
Monnier, John D.
Che, Xiao
BE Neiner, C
Wade, G
Meynet, G
Peters, G
TI Interferometric studies of rapid rotators
SO ACTIVE OB STARS: STRUCTURE, EVOLUTION, MASS-LOSS, AND CRITICAL LIMITS
SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 272nd Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Active OB
Stars: Structure, Evolution, Mass-Loss, and Critical Limits
CY JUL 19-23, 2010
CL Paris, FRANCE
SP Int Astronom Union, Region Ile France, CNRS, Inst Natl Sci Univ, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech, Programme Natl Phys Stellaire, GEPI Lab, Sci Council Paris Observ, A & A, EDP Sci
DE stars: fundamental parameters; stars: rotation; stars: imaging;
techniques: interferometric
ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; POLE-ON STAR; ROTATING STARS; CHARA ARRAY;
DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; ALPHA OPHIUCHI; B-STARS; A-TYPE; VEGA; STELLAR
AB Stellar rotation, like stellar mass and metallicity, is a fundamental property of stars. Rapid rotation distorts the stellar photosphere and affects a star's luminosity, abundances and evolution. It is also linked to stellar wind and mass loss. The distortion of the stellar photosphere due to rapid rotation causes the stellar surface brightness and effective temperature to vary with latitude, leading to a bright pole and a dark equator - a phenomenon known as 'Gravity Darkening'. Thanks to the development of long baseline optical interferometry in recent years, optical interferometers have resolved the elongation of rapidly rotating stars, and have even imaged a few systems for the first time, directly confirming the gravity darkening effect. In this paper, we review the recent interferometric studies of rapid rotators, particularly the imaging results from CHARA-MIRC. These sub-milliarcsecond resolution observations permit the determination of the inclination, the polar and equatorial radius and temperature, as well as the fractional rotation speed of several rapid rotators with unprecedented precision. The modeling also allows the determination of the true effective temperatures and luminosities of these stars, permitting the investigation of their true locations on the HR diagram. Discrepancies from standard models were also found in some measurements, suggesting the requirement of more sophisticated mechanisms such as non-uniform rotation in the model. These observations have demonstrated that optical interferometry is now sufficiently mature to provide valuable constraints and even model-independent images to shed light on the basic physics of stars.
C1 [Zhao, Ming] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
RP Zhao, M (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
EM ming.zhao@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 61
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 1
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1743-9213
BN 978-0-52119-840-0
J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES
JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series
PY 2011
VL 272
BP 44
EP 55
DI 10.1017/S1743921311009963
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BWP46
UT WOS:000294438200006
ER
PT S
AU Eldridge, JI
Zhu, DM
Wolfe, DE
AF Eldridge, Jeffrey I.
Zhu, Dongming
Wolfe, Douglas E.
BE Zhu, D
Lin, HT
Zhou, Y
Widjaja, S
Singh, D
TI MONITORING DELAMINATION OF THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS DURING INTERRUPTED
HIGH-HEAT-FLUX LASER TESTING USING UPCONVERSION LUMINESCENCE IMAGING
SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 35th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and
Composites
CY JAN 23-28, 2011
CL Daytona Beach, FL
SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div, Amer Ceram Soc
ID CYCLIC OXIDATION; SUBLAYERS; GRADIENT; SENSOR
AB Upconversion luminescence imaging of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) has been shown to successfully monitor TBC delamination progression during interrupted furnace cycling. However, furnace cycling does not adequately model engine conditions where TBC-coated components are subjected to significant heat fluxes that produce through-thickness temperature gradients that may alter both the rate and path of delamination progression. Therefore, new measurements are presented based on luminescence imaging of TBC-coated specimens subjected to interrupted high-heat-flux laser cycling exposures that much better simulate the thermal gradients present in engine conditions. The TBCs tested were deposited by electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) and were composed of 7wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) with an integrated delamination sensing layer composed of 7YSZ co-doped with erbium and ytterbium (7YSZ:Er,Yb). The high-heat-flux exposures that produce the desired through-thickness thermal gradients were performed using a high power CO2 laser operating at a wavelength of 10.6 microns. Upconversion luminescence images revealed the debond progression produced by the cyclic high-heat-flux exposures and these results were compared to that observed for furnace cycling.
C1 [Eldridge, Jeffrey I.; Zhu, Dongming] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Wolfe, Douglas E.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Eldridge, JI (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
FU NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program Subsonic Fixed Wing Program
FX Funding by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program Subsonic Fixed Wing
Program is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA
SN 0196-6219
BN 978-1-118-17258-2; 978-1-118-05988-3
J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC
PY 2011
VL 32
BP 3
EP 13
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA BFK95
UT WOS:000320328500002
ER
PT S
AU Harder, BJ
Zhu, D
AF Harder, B. J.
Zhu, D.
BE Zhu, D
Lin, HT
Zhou, Y
Widjaja, S
Singh, D
TI PLASMA SPRAY-PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PS-PVD) OF CERAMICS FOR
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental and
Functional Applications / MAX Phases Symposium were held at the 35th
International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC)
CY JAN 23-28, 2011
CL Daytona Beach, FL
SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD), Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS)
ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS
AB In order to generate advanced multilayer thermal and environmental protection systems, a new deposition process is needed to bridge the gap between conventional plasma spray, which produces relatively thick coatings on the order of 125-250 microns, and conventional vapor phase processes such as electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) which are limited by relatively slow deposition rates, high investment costs, and coating material vapor pressure requirements. The use of Plasma Spray - Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD) processing fills this gap and allows thin (< 10 m) single layers to be deposited and multilayer coatings of less than 100 m to be generated with the flexibility to tailor microstructures by changing processing conditions. A PS-PVD processing facility has been recently built at the NASA Glenn Research Center and is being applied to the development of advanced coatings for turbine engine hot section components. To develop a basis for understanding the range of processing parameters and the effect on coating microstructure for this new processing capability at NASA GRC, a design-of-experiments was used to deposit coatings of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) onto NiCrAlY bond coated superalloy substrates to examine the effects of process variables (Ar/He plasma gas ratio, the total plasma gas flow, and the torch current) on chamber pressure and torch power. Coating thickness, phase and microstructure were evaluated for each set of deposition conditions. Low chamber pressures and high power were shown to increase coating thickness and create columnar-like structures. Likewise, high chamber pressures and low power had lower deposition rates, but resulted in flatter, more homogeneous thicknesses. The trends identified in this study are being used to improve coating processing control and to guide parameters for tailoring the microstructure of advanced coatings.
C1 [Harder, B. J.; Zhu, D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Harder, BJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA
SN 0196-6219
BN 978-1-118-17258-2
J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC
PY 2011
VL 32
BP 73
EP 84
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA BFK95
UT WOS:000320328500008
ER
PT J
AU Rossmanith, G
Modest, H
Rath, C
Banday, AJ
Gorski, KM
Morfill, G
AF Rossmanith, G.
Modest, H.
Raeth, C.
Banday, A. J.
Gorski, K. M.
Morfill, G.
TI Search for Non-Gaussianities in the WMAP Data with the Scaling Index
Method
SO ADVANCES IN ASTRONOMY
LA English
DT Review
AB In the recent years, non-Gaussianity and statistical isotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) was investigated with various statistical measures, first and foremost by means of the measurements of theWMAP satellite. In this paper, we focus on the analyses that were accomplished with a measure of local type, the so-called Scaling Index Method (SIM). The SIM is able to detect structural characteristics of a given data set and has proven to be highly valuable in CMB analysis. It was used for comparing the data set with simulations as well as surrogates, which are full-sky maps generated by randomisation of previously selected features of the original map. During these investigations, strong evidence for non-Gaussianities as well as asymmetries and local features could be detected. In combination with the surrogates approach, the SIM detected the highest significances for non-Gaussianity to date.
C1 [Rossmanith, G.; Modest, H.; Raeth, C.; Morfill, G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Banday, A. J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31058 Toulouse, France.
[Banday, A. J.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France.
[Banday, A. J.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany.
[Gorski, K. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Gorski, K. M.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland.
RP Rossmanith, G (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
EM rossmanith@mpe.mpg.de
NR 83
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1687-7969
EI 1687-7977
J9 ADV ASTRON
JI Adv. Astron.
PY 2011
AR 174873
DI 10.1155/2011/174873
PG 21
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA V30RO
UT WOS:000208833300003
ER
PT J
AU Pan, WY
Wu, LG
Shie, CL
AF Pan Weiyu
Wu Liguang
Shie, Chung-Lin
TI Influence of the Saharan Air Layer on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone
Formation during the Period 1-12 September 2003
SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE tropical cyclone; Saharan Air Layer; Atmospheric Infrared Sounder
ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; PART I; HURRICANE; DUST; MODEL; DISTURBANCES;
ENVIRONMENT; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS
AB Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data show that the Saharan air layer (SAL) is a dry, warm, and well-mixed layer between 950 and 500 hPa over the tropical Atlantic, extending westward from the African coast to the Caribbean Sea. The formations of both Hurricane Isabel and Tropical Depression 14 (TD14) were accompanied with outbreaks of SAL air during the period 1-12 September 2003, although TD14 failed to develop into a named tropical cyclone. The influence of the SAL on their formations is investigated by examining data from satellite observations and numerical simulations, in which AIRS data are incorporated into the MM5 model through the nudging technique.
Analyses of the AIRS and simulation data suggest that the SAL may have played two roles in the formation of tropical cyclones during the period 1-12 September 2003. First, the outbreaks of SAL air on 3 and 8 September enhanced the transverse-vertical circulation with the rising motion along the southern edge of the SAL and the sinking motion inside the SAL, triggering the development of two tropical disturbances associated with Hurricane Isabel and TD14. Second, in addition to the reduced environmental humidity and enhanced static stability in the lower troposphere, the SAL dry air intruded into the inner region of these tropical disturbances as their cyclonic flows became strong. This effect may have slowed down the formation of Isabel and inhibited TD14 becoming a named tropical cyclone, while the enhanced vertical shear contributed little to tropical cyclone formation during this period. The 48-h trajectory calculations confirm that the parcels from the SAL can be transported into the inner region of an incipient tropical cyclone.
C1 [Wu Liguang] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China.
[Pan Weiyu] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China.
[Shie, Chung-Lin] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Shie, Chung-Lin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Wu, LG (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China.
EM liguang@nuist.edu.cn
RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014
FU National Basic Research Program (the 973 Program) of China
[2009CB421503]; National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [408750387];
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
[GYHY200806009]; NASA
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Scott A. Braun for many helpful
discussions on this work. This research was supported by the Typhoon
Research Project (2009CB421503) of the National Basic Research Program
(the 973 Program) of China, the National Science Foundation of China
(NSFC grant no. 408750387), and the Social Commonweal Research Program
of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of
China (GYHY200806009). This work was also supported by Dr. Ramesh Kakar
at NASA Headquarters with funds from the NASA NAMMA and EOS programs.
NR 38
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 4
U2 16
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0256-1530
J9 ADV ATMOS SCI
JI Adv. Atmos. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 1
BP 16
EP 32
DI 10.1007/s00376-010-9165-5
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 694DH
UT WOS:000285274700002
ER
PT B
AU Song, CH
Gray, JM
Gao, F
AF Song, Conghe
Gray, Joshua M.
Gao, Feng
BE Weng, Q
TI Remote Sensing of Vegetation with Landsat Imagery
SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING: SENSORS, ALGORITHMS, AND
APPLICATIONS
SE Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID LEAF-AREA-INDEX; SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA;
ESTIMATING ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; FOREST BIOPHYSICAL STRUCTURE; CANOPY
REFLECTANCE MODEL; TM DATA; TROPICAL FOREST; CONIFER FOREST; SATELLITE
DATA
C1 [Song, Conghe; Gray, Joshua M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Gao, Feng] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Song, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RI Song, Conghe/E-3087-2016
OI Song, Conghe/0000-0002-4099-4906
NR 125
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-9181-6; 978-1-4200-9175-5
J9 T&F SER REMOTE SENS
PY 2011
BP 3
EP 29
D2 10.1201/b10599
PG 27
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing
GA BC2WS
UT WOS:000351396200002
ER
PT B
AU Xiao, XM
Yan, HM
Kalfas, J
Zhang, QY
AF Xiao, Xiangming
Yan, Huimin
Kalfas, Joshua
Zhang, Qingyuan
BE Weng, Q
TI Satellite-Based Modeling of Gross Primary Production of Terrestrial
Ecosystems
SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING: SENSORS, ALGORITHMS, AND
APPLICATIONS
SE Taylor & Francis Series in Remote Sensing Applications
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; DECIDUOUS BROADLEAF
FOREST; EVERGREEN NEEDLELEAF FOREST; VEGETATION WATER-CONTENT;
REMOTE-SENSING DATA; CLIMATE DATA; MODIS DATA; INTERANNUAL VARIATION;
STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE
C1 [Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Ctr Spatial Anal,Coll Atmospher & Geog Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Yan, Huimin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Kalfas, Joshua] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Zhang, Qingyuan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Xiao, XM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Ctr Spatial Anal,Coll Atmospher & Geog Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
NR 65
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-9181-6; 978-1-4200-9175-5
J9 T&F SER REMOTE SENS
PY 2011
BP 367
EP 382
D2 10.1201/b10599
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing
GA BC2WS
UT WOS:000351396200016
ER
PT B
AU Young, KR
Mesloh, M
Rajulu, S
AF Young, Karen
Mesloh, Miranda
Rajulu, Sudhakar
BE Khalid, H
Hedge, A
Ahram, TZ
TI Development of Methodology to Gather Seated Anthropometry Data in a
Microgravity Environment
SO ADVANCES IN ERGONOMICS MODELING AND USABILITY EVALUATION
SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Microgravity; Spinal Elongation; Human System Integration; NASA
AB The Constellation Program is designing a new vehicle based on recently developed anthropometric requirements. These requirements specify the need to account for a spinal-elongation factor for anthropometric measurements involving the spine, such as eye height and seated height. However, to date there is no existing data relating spinal elongation to a seated posture. Only data relating spinal elongation to stature have been collected in micro gravity. Therefore, it was proposed to collect seated height in microgravity to provide the Constellation designers appropriate data for their analyses. This document will describe the process in which the best method to collect seated height in micro gravity was developed.
C1 [Young, Karen; Mesloh, Miranda] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Lockheed Martin Anthropometry & Biomech Facil, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Rajulu, Sudhakar] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Anthropometry & Biomech Facil, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Young, KR (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Lockheed Martin Anthropometry & Biomech Facil, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4398-3505-0; 978-1-4398-3503-6
J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER
JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER
PY 2011
BP 89
EP 98
PG 10
WC Ergonomics
SC Engineering
GA BC2YJ
UT WOS:000351451600011
ER
PT B
AU Ware, J
AF Ware, Joylene
BE Karwowski, W
Salvendy, G
TI A Human Factor Analysis to Mitigate Fall Risk Factors in an Aerospace
Environment
SO ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS, ERGONOMICS, AND SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING AND
SERVICE INDUSTRIES
SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Human Factors Integration; Falls; Risk Factors; Analytical Hierarchy
Process (AHP); fuzzy model; NASA/KSC Ground Support Operations
ID MODEL
AB The objective of the research was to develop and validate a multifaceted model such as a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model that considers both qualitative and quantitative elements with relative significance in assessing the likelihood of falls and aid in the design of Ground Support Operations in aerospace environments. The model represented linguistic variables that quantified significant risk factor levels. Multiple risk factors that contribute to falls in NASA Ground Support Operations are task related, human/personal, environmental, and organizational. The subject matter experts were asked to participate in a voting system involving a survey where they judge risk factors using the fundamental pairwise comparison scale. The results were analyzed and synthesized using Expert Choice Software, which produced the relative weights for the risk factors. The following arc relative weights for these risk factors: Task Related (0.314), Human/Personal (0.307), Environmental (0.248), and Organizational (0.130). The overall inconsistency ratio for all risk factors was 0.07, which indicates the model results were acceptable. The results show that task related risk factors are the highest cause for falls and the organizational risk are the lowest cause for falls in NASA Ground Support Operations. The rationale in this research is to justify using the priority vector to validate the weights by having two different sets of experts/decision makers create priority vectors separately and confirm the weights are similar. The fuzzy AHP model was validated by applying it to three scenarios in NASA KSC Ground Support Operations regarding various case studies and historical data. The design of the experiment was a repeated measures analysis to evaluate three scenarios in NASAKSC Ground Support Operations. As a result, the predicted value was compared to the accepted value for each subject. The results from this model application confirmed that the predicted value and accepted value for the likelihood rating were similar. The three scenarios were Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF), Launch Complex Payloads (LCP), and Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The percentage error for the three scenarios was 0%, 33%, 0% respectively. The Kendall Coefficient of Concordance for assessment agreement between and within the subjects was significantly 1.00. Therefore, the appraisers are applying essentially the same standard when evaluating the scenarios. Multiple descriptive statistics for a 95%, confidence interval and t-test are the following: coefficient of variation (21.36), variance (0.251), mean (2.34), and standard deviation (0.501). The results indicate there is minimal variability with fuzzy AHP modeling. As result, model evaluation and validation indicates that there is no difference between the current accepted NASA model and developed fuzzy AHP model. Future research includes developing fall protection guidelines.
C1 NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Human Factors Integrat, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Ware, J (reprint author), NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Human Factors Integrat, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4398-3500-5; 978-1-4398-3499-2
J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER
JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER
PY 2011
BP 1126
EP 1135
PG 10
WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA BC2TR
UT WOS:000351310800118
ER
PT S
AU Ting, DZY
Soibel, A
Hoglund, L
Nguyen, J
Hill, CJ
Khoshakhlagh, A
Gunapala, SD
AF Ting, David Z. -Y.
Soibel, Alexander
Hoeglund, Linda
Nguyen, Jean
Hill, Cory J.
Khoshakhlagh, Arezou
Gunapala, Sarath D.
BE Gunapala, SD
Rhiger, DR
Jagadish, C
TI Type-II Superlattice Infrared Detectors
SO ADVANCES IN INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS
SE Semiconductors and Semimetals
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MINORITY-CARRIER LIFETIME; INAS-GASB
SUPERLATTICES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; STRAINED-LAYER
SUPERLATTICES; MU-M CUTOFF; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; PHOTOVOLTAIC
DETECTORS; INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE
C1 [Ting, David Z. -Y.; Soibel, Alexander; Hoeglund, Linda; Nguyen, Jean; Hill, Cory J.; Khoshakhlagh, Arezou; Gunapala, Sarath D.] NASA, Ctr Infrared Sensors, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Ting, DZY (reprint author), NASA, Ctr Infrared Sensors, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM david.z.ting@jpl.nasa.gov; alexander.soibel@jpl.nasa.gov;
Linda.Hoglund@jpl.nasa.gov; Jean.Nguyen@jpl.nasa.gov;
cory.j.hill@jpl.nasa.gov; Arezou.Khoshakhlagh@jpl.nasa.gov;
sarath.d.gunapala@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Soibel, Alexander/A-1313-2007
NR 196
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 5
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0080-8784
BN 978-0-12-381337-4
J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET
JI Semicond. Sdemimet.
PY 2011
VL 84
BP 1
EP 57
DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-381337-4.00001-2
PG 57
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BVG20
UT WOS:000291452800001
ER
PT J
AU Witek, ML
Flatau, PJ
Teixeira, J
Markowicz, KM
AF Witek, Marcin L.
Flatau, Piotr J.
Teixeira, Joao
Markowicz, Krzysztof M.
TI Numerical Investigation of Sea Salt Aerosol Size Bin Partitioning in
Global Transport Models: Implications for Mass Budget and Optical Depth
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; SEGREGATED SIMULATION;
PARTICLE DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; DYNAMICS MODEL; CLIMATE; IMPACT;
MODULE; PREDICTIONS
AB In this study the importance of sea salt aerosol (SSA) size representation in a global transport model is investigated. For this purpose the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) model is employed in a number of SSA simulations. A new dry deposition velocity parameterization is implemented into NAAPS in order to more physically represent deposition processes in the model. SSA size distribution is divided into size bins using two different partition procedures: the previously used iso-log method and the iso-gradient method, which relies on size-dependence of deposition processes. The global SSA simulations are analyzed in terms of the total sea salt mass and the average SSA optical thickness. The results indicate that there is a large dependence of the total mass and average aerosol optical depth on the number of size bins used to represent the aerosol size distribution. The total SSA mass is underestimated by 20% if 2 instead of 15 (reference) size intervals are used. The average aerosol optical depth underestimation is even higher and reaches over 35%. Such large differences can have substantial implications on the accuracy of SSA radiative forcing simulations in climate models. A comparison of the two division procedures shows that the simulations with the iso-gradient intervals are more accurate than the iso-log ones if at least 6 size bins are used. This result indicates that the more physically based division scheme can offer better performance and reduce computational cost of global aerosol transport models.
C1 [Witek, Marcin L.; Teixeira, Joao] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Witek, Marcin L.; Markowicz, Krzysztof M.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, Warsaw, Poland.
[Flatau, Piotr J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RP Witek, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM marcin.l.witek@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011; Witek, Marcin/G-9440-2016
FU California Institute of Technology. Government
FX Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2010 California
Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.
NR 51
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 7
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
EI 1521-7388
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 3
BP 401
EP 414
DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.541957
PG 14
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 712HA
UT WOS:000286655700011
ER
PT J
AU Kumar, N
Chu, AD
Foster, AD
Peters, T
Willis, R
AF Kumar, Naresh
Chu, Allen D.
Foster, Andrew D.
Peters, Thomas
Willis, Robert
TI Satellite Remote Sensing for Developing Time and Space Resolved
Estimates of Ambient Particulate in Cleveland, OH
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; AIR-QUALITY; MODIS; VALIDATION; POLLUTION; PM2.5;
LAND; RETRIEVAL; THICKNESS; MATTER
AB This article empirically demonstrates the use of fine resolution satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) to develop time and space resolved estimates of ambient particulate matter (PM) <= 2.5 mu m and <= 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameters (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively). AOD was computed at three different spatial resolutions, i.e., 2 km (means 2 km x 2 km area at nadir), 5 km, and 10 km, by using the data from MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Multiresolution AOD from MODIS (AOD(MODIS)) was compared with the in situ measurements of AOD by NASA's AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sunphotometer (AOD(AERONET)) at Bondville, IL, to demonstrate the advantages of the fine resolution AODMODIS over the 10-km AOD(MODIS), especially for air quality prediction. An instrumental regression that corrects AOD(MODIS) for meteorological conditions was used for developing a PM predictive model.
The 2-km AOD(MODIS) aggregated within 0.025 degrees and 15-min intervals shows the best association with the in situ measurements of AOD(AERONET). The 2-km AOD(MODIS) seems more promising to estimate time and space resolved estimates of ambient PM than the 10-km AOD(MODIS), because of better location precision and a significantly greater number of data points across geographic space and time. Utilizing the collocated AOD(MODIS) and PM data in Cleveland, OH, a regression model was developed for predicting PM for all AOD(MODIS) data points. Our analysis suggests that the slope of the 2-km AOD(MODIS) (instrumented on meteorological conditions) is close to unity with the PM monitored on the ground. These results should be interpreted with caution, because the slope of AOD(MODIS) ranges from 0.52 to 1.72 in the site-specific models. In the cross validation of the overall model, the root mean square error (RMSE) of PM10 was smaller (2.04 mu g/m(3) in overall model) than that of PM2.5 (2.5 mu g/m(3)). The predicted PM in the AODMODIS data (similar to 2.34 million data points) was utilized to develop a systematic grid of daily PM at 5-km spatial resolution with the aid of spatiotemporal Kriging.
C1 [Kumar, Naresh] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Chu, Allen D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Foster, Andrew D.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Peters, Thomas] Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA.
[Willis, Robert] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Kumar, N (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, 316 Jessup Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM naresh-kumar@uiowa.edu
RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014
FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of
Research and Development [RFQ-RT-10-00204]; NIH [R21 ES014004-01A2]; EPA
[RFQ-RT-10-00204, R833865]
FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of
Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the
research described here under RFQ-RT-10-00204 to the University of Iowa.
It has been subjected to Agency Review and approved for publication.;
This research was supported by NIH (R21 ES014004-01A2) and EPA (R833865;
RFQ-RT-10-00204). We would like to thank the two anonymous referees for
providing us with constructive comments and suggestions that allowed us
to improve the quality of the initial sub-mission.
NR 33
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 19
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
EI 1521-7388
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 9
BP 1090
EP 1108
DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.581256
PG 19
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 776IR
UT WOS:000291528200005
PM 22238503
ER
PT B
AU O'Connell, JF
AF O'Connell, John F.
BE OConnell, JF
Williams, G
TI Airlines: An Inherently Turbulent Industry
SO AIR TRANSPORT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID AIR TRANSPORT
C1 [O'Connell, John F.] Boeing Commercial Aircraft Co, Renton, WA USA.
[O'Connell, John F.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA.
[O'Connell, John F.] NASA, Ames Res Facil, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP O'Connell, JF (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Dept Air Transport, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England.
NR 75
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD
PI ALDERSHOT
PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-7546-9995-8; 978-1-4094-0097-4
PY 2011
BP 59
EP 96
PG 38
WC Transportation
SC Transportation
GA BA7UM
UT WOS:000337789500023
ER
PT B
AU O'Connell, JF
AF O'Connell, John F.
BE OConnell, JF
Williams, G
TI Ancillary Revenues: The New Trend in Strategic Airline Marketing
SO AIR TRANSPORT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; SERVICE QUALITY
C1 [O'Connell, John F.] Boeing Commercial Aircraft Co, Renton, WA USA.
[O'Connell, John F.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA.
NASA, Ames Res Facil, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP O'Connell, JF (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Dept Air Transport, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England.
NR 48
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD
PI ALDERSHOT
PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-7546-9995-8; 978-1-4094-0097-4
PY 2011
BP 145
EP 169
PG 25
WC Transportation
SC Transportation
GA BA7UM
UT WOS:000337789500027
ER
PT B
AU O'Connell, JF
AF O'Connell, John F.
BE OConnell, JF
Williams, G
TI IT Innovations in Passenger Services
SO AIR TRANSPORT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID TECHNOLOGY; ACCEPTANCE; AIRLINES; BUSINESS; STATE
C1 [O'Connell, John F.] Cranfield Univ, Dept Air Transport, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England.
[O'Connell, John F.] Boeing Commercial Aircraft Co, Renton, WA USA.
[O'Connell, John F.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA.
[O'Connell, John F.] NASA, Ames Res Facil, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP O'Connell, JF (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Dept Air Transport, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England.
NR 64
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD
PI ALDERSHOT
PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-7546-9995-8; 978-1-4094-0097-4
PY 2011
BP 353
EP 374
PG 22
WC Transportation
SC Transportation
GA BA7UM
UT WOS:000337789500038
ER
PT B
AU O'Connell, JF
AF O'Connell, John F.
BE OConnell, JF
Williams, G
TI An Examination of the World's Most Profitable Airline in 2009/10: The
Emirates Business Model
SO AIR TRANSPORT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [O'Connell, John F.] Boeing Commercial Aircraft Co, Renton, WA USA.
[O'Connell, John F.] NASA, Ames Res Facil, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP O'Connell, JF (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Dept Air Transport, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England.
NR 52
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD
PI ALDERSHOT
PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-7546-9995-8; 978-1-4094-0097-4
PY 2011
BP 401
EP 424
PG 24
WC Transportation
SC Transportation
GA BA7UM
UT WOS:000337789500040
ER
PT S
AU Reuter, D
Irons, J
Lunsford, A
Montanaro, M
Pellerano, F
Richardson, C
Smith, R
Tesfaye, Z
Thome, K
AF Reuter, Dennis
Irons, James
Lunsford, Allen
Montanaro, Matthew
Pellerano, Fernando
Richardson, Cathleen
Smith, Ramsey
Tesfaye, Zelalem
Thome, Kurtis
BE Shen, SS
Lewis, PE
TI The Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS)
on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)
SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND
ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral,
Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVII
CY APR 25-28, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE TIRS; OLI; LDCM; Landsat
AB The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), a partnership between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Interior (DOI) / United States Geological Survey (USGS), is scheduled for launch in December, 2012. It will be the eighth mission in the Landsat series. The LDCM instrument payload will consist of the Operational Land Imager (OLI), provided by Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation (BATC) under contract to NASA and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). This paper outlines the present development status of the two instruments.
C1 [Reuter, Dennis; Irons, James; Lunsford, Allen; Montanaro, Matthew; Pellerano, Fernando; Richardson, Cathleen; Smith, Ramsey; Tesfaye, Zelalem; Thome, Kurtis] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Reuter, D (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Smith, Ramsey/D-4710-2012; Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Irons,
James/D-8535-2012
NR 2
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-622-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8048
AR 804812
DI 10.1117/12.885963
PG 7
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA BVT68
UT WOS:000292737000037
ER
PT J
AU Lorenz, RD
Jackson, BK
Barnes, JW
Spitale, J
Keller, JM
AF Lorenz, Ralph D.
Jackson, Brian K.
Barnes, Jason W.
Spitale, Joe
Keller, John M.
TI Ice rafts not sails: Floating the rocks at Racetrack Playa
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SLIDING ROCKS; STONE TRACKS; DEATH-VALLEY; CALIFORNIA
AB We suggest that the existence of many of the rock-carved trails at Racetrack Playa in Death Valley National Park is predominantly due to the effect of arbitrarily weak winds on rocks that are floated off the soft bed by small rafts of ice, as also occurs in arctic tidal beaches to form boulder barricades. These ice cakes need not have a particularly large surface area if the ice is adequately thick-the ice cakes allow the rocks to move by buoyantly reducing the reaction and friction forces at the bed, not by increasing the wind drag. The parameter space of ice thickness and extent versus rock size for flotation is calculated and found to be reasonable. We demonstrate the effect with a simple experiment. (c) 2011 American Association of Physics Teachers. [DOI: 10.1119/1.3490645]
C1 [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Jackson, Brian K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Spitale, Joe] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Keller, John M.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA.
RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
EM ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu; Brian.Jackson@nasa.gov; jwbarnes@idaho.edu;
jspitale@lpl.arizona.edu; jmkeller@calpoly.edu
RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016
OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644
FU Geological Society of America; Planetary Laboratory, University of
Arizona; NASA; Applied Information Systems Research Program
FX One of the authors (B.K.J.) acknowledges the assistance of a grant from
the Geological Society of America and support from the Director of the
Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona. Another one of
the authors (R.L.) acknowledges the support of the NASA Cassini project
and the Applied Information Systems Research Program. The authors
appreciate the interest of David Ek, the Wilderness Coordinator at Death
Valley National Park in this work. They acknowledge the assistance of
Zibi Turtle, David Choi, Catherine Neish, Lizza Demsetz, Anita Milman,
Rebecca Rosen, and Ryan Silva. They also acknowledge interesting
discussions about the playa with Jay Melosh, Alex Hayes, Jani Radebaugh,
and Paula Messina. They thank an anonymous referee for comments
NR 19
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 28
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0002-9505
J9 AM J PHYS
JI Am. J. Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 79
IS 1
BP 37
EP 42
DI 10.1119/1.3490645
PG 6
WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Education & Educational Research; Physics
GA 701EK
UT WOS:000285796900005
ER
PT S
AU Schmitt, HH
Snoke, AW
Helper, MA
Hurtado, JM
Hodges, KV
Rice, JW
AF Schmitt, H. H.
Snoke, A. W.
Helper, M. A.
Hurtado, J. M.
Hodges, K. V.
Rice, J. W., Jr.
BE Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
TI Motives, methods, and essential preparation for planetary field geology
on the Moon and Mars
SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID LUNAR; EXPLORATION; INTERIOR; HE-3
AB Future lunar exploration will provide opportunities to expand the human scientific exploration of the Moon and, eventually, Mars. Planning for renewed field exploration of the Moon entails the selection, training, and capabilities of explorers; selection of landing sites; and adoption of an operational approach to extravehicular activity. Apollo program geological exploration, and subsequent analysis and interpretation of findings and collected samples underpin our current understanding of lunar origin and history. That understanding continues to provide new and important insights into the early histories of Earth and other bodies in the solar system, particularly during the period when life formed and began to evolve on Earth and possibly on Mars. Specific new lunar exploration objectives include: (1) testing the consensus "giant impact" hypothesis for the origin of the Moon; (2) testing the consensus impact "cataclysm" hypothesis; (3) determining the temporal flux of large impacts in the inner solar system; and (4) investigating the internal structure of the Moon. Apollo samples also identified significant and potentially commercial lunar resources that could help satisfy future demand for both terrestrial energy alternatives and space consumables. Equipment necessary for successful exploration includes that required for sampling, sample documentation and preservation, communications, mobility, and position knowledge. Easily used active geophysical, portable geochemical, and in situ petrographic equipment can greatly enhance the scientific and operational returns of extended exploration compared to that possible during the Apollo program.
C1 [Schmitt, H. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Snoke, A. W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Helper, M. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Hurtado, J. M.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
[Hodges, K. V.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Rice, J. W., Jr.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Schmitt, HH (reprint author), POB 90730, Albuquerque, NM 87199 USA.
EM hhschmitt@earthlink.net
OI Hodges, Kip/0000-0003-2805-8899
NR 37
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2483-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2011
VL 483
BP 1
EP 15
DI 10.1130/2011.2483(01)
D2 10.1130/9780813724836
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BHX33
UT WOS:000326925100002
ER
PT S
AU Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
AF Garry, W. Brent
Bleacher, Jacob E.
BE Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
TI Analogs for Planetary Exploration Preface
SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Garry, W. Brent] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Bleacher, Jacob E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Garry, WB (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2483-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2011
VL 483
BP XI
EP XII
D2 10.1130/9780813724836
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BHX33
UT WOS:000326925100001
ER
PT S
AU Lofgren, GE
Horz, F
Eppler, D
AF Lofgren, Gary E.
Horz, Friedrich
Eppler, Dean
BE Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
TI Geologic field training of the Apollo astronauts and implications for
future manned exploration
SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB This paper discusses the philosophy and major aspects of the geology training of the Apollo 15, 16, and 17 astronauts. This training concentrated on monthly field trips that were intended to develop the crew's observational skills in recognizing basic geologic structures and rocks and translating observations into an interpretative framework for local geologic evolution. Individual field trips became increasingly mission-like as their training matured. The crews worked with predetermined traverses and progressively added diverse operational aspects, such as proper usage of sampling tools, photo-documentation of pertinent features and rocks, simulation of space-suit mobility, and use of a roving vehicle. These exercises also provided simulations and practice for all major science support functions that would reside in Mission Control during the actual mission. This combined training of surface explorers and ground support will be indispensable in rendering future planetary surface operations as efficient and scientifically rewarding as Apollo.
C1 [Lofgren, Gary E.; Eppler, Dean] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Horz, Friedrich] LZ Technol Engn Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Lofgren, GE (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2483-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2011
VL 483
BP 33
EP 48
DI 10.1130/2011.2483(03)
D2 10.1130/9780813724836
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BHX33
UT WOS:000326925100004
ER
PT S
AU Evans, CA
Wilkinson, MJ
Stefanov, WL
Willis, K
AF Evans, Cynthia A.
Wilkinson, M. Justin
Stefanov, William L.
Willis, Kim
BE Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
TI Training astronauts to observe Earth from the space shuttle and
International Space Station
SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB Since the beginning of the U. S. space program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has trained astronauts in basic earth science topics to support their observations of Earth's surface from low Earth orbit. From its roots in the Apollo geology training campaigns, we describe the evolution of astronaut Earth observation training across human spaceflight programs, with a focus on the training for space shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) missions. Astronauts' Earth observation experiences-both preflight training and interactions with scientists on the ground during spaceflight missions-provide relevant information for defining training requirements for future astronaut exploration missions on other planetary surfaces.
C1 [Evans, Cynthia A.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Wilkinson, M. Justin; Stefanov, William L.; Willis, Kim] NASA, Image Sci & Anal Lab, Engn & Sci Contract Grp, Jacobs Engn,Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Evans, CA (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM cindy.evans-1@nasa.gov
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2483-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2011
VL 483
BP 67
EP 73
DI 10.1130/2011.2483(05)
D2 10.1130/9780813724836
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BHX33
UT WOS:000326925100006
ER
PT S
AU Eppler, DB
AF Eppler, Dean B.
BE Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
TI Analysis of Antarctic logistics and operations data: Results from the
Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET), austral summer season,
2002-2003, with implications for planetary surface operations
SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB The operational and logistical burden associated with putting a team of four scientists in a hostile environment was investigated as part of the Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) Project during the austral summer of 2002-2003. Operational time data, when compared with similar data from the Apollo J-series missions, suggest that crew time available to science on future exploration missions will be no more than 20% of the total available surface time, due to the time demands associated with operating in a hostile environment. A comparison of time-distance statistics derived from ANSMET meteorite search traverses to similar traverses from Apollo was inconclusive-there was no clear pattern of similarity or dissimilarity between the two data sets. However, both data sets reinforce the benefits of robust rover capability over simple walking because rovers allow exploration of a wider area for a given period of time when compared to walking. Lastly, mass data for equipment and supplies for a four-person team on the Antarctic polar plateau suggest that supplying a Mars or lunar mission with the necessary supplies for nominal surface operations would take up a significant amount of the mass-to-orbit prior to initiating trans-Mars or lunar injection.
C1 NASA, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Explorat Sci Off, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Eppler, DB (reprint author), NASA, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Explorat Sci Off, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2483-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2011
VL 483
BP 75
EP 84
DI 10.1130/2011.2483(06)
D2 10.1130/9780813724836
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BHX33
UT WOS:000326925100007
ER
PT S
AU Lim, DSS
Brady, AL
Abercromby, AF
Andersen, DT
Andersen, M
Arnold, RR
Bird, JS
Bohm, HR
Booth, L
Cady, SL
Cardman, Z
Chan, AM
Chan, O
Chenard, C
Cowie, BR
Davila, A
Deans, MC
Dearing, W
Delaney, M
Downs, M
Fong, T
Forrest, A
Gernhardt, ML
Gutsche, JR
Hadfield, C
Hamilton, A
Hansen, J
Hawes, I
Heaton, J
Imam, Y
Laval, BL
Lees, D
Leoni, L
Looper, C
Love, S
Marinova, MM
McCombs, D
Mckay, CP
Mireau, B
Mullins, G
Nebel, SH
Nuytten, P
Pendery, R
Pike, W
Pointing, SB
Pollack, J
Raineault, N
Reay, M
Reid, D
Sallstedt, T
Schulze-Makuch, D
Seibert, M
Shepard, R
Slater, GF
Stonehouse, J
Sumner, DY
Suttle, CA
Trembanis, A
Turse, C
Wilhelm, M
Wilkinson, N
Williams, D
Winget, DM
Winter, C
AF Lim, Darlene S. S.
Brady, A. L.
Abercromby, A. F.
Andersen, D. T.
Andersen, M.
Arnold, R. R.
Bird, J. S.
Bohm, H. R.
Booth, L.
Cady, S. L.
Cardman, Z.
Chan, A. M.
Chan, O.
Chenard, C.
Cowie, B. R.
Davila, A.
Deans, M. C.
Dearing, W.
Delaney, M.
Downs, M.
Fong, T.
Forrest, A.
Gernhardt, M. L.
Gutsche, J. R.
Hadfield, C.
Hamilton, A.
Hansen, J.
Hawes, I.
Heaton, J.
Imam, Y.
Laval, B. L.
Lees, D.
Leoni, L.
Looper, C.
Love, S.
Marinova, M. M.
McCombs, D.
McKay, C. P.
Mireau, B.
Mullins, G.
Nebel, S. H.
Nuytten, P.
Pendery, R.
Pike, W.
Pointing, S. B.
Pollack, J.
Raineault, N.
Reay, M.
Reid, D.
Sallstedt, T.
Schulze-Makuch, D.
Seibert, M.
Shepard, R.
Slater, G. F.
Stonehouse, J.
Sumner, D. Y.
Suttle, C. A.
Trembanis, A.
Turse, C.
Wilhelm, M.
Wilkinson, N.
Williams, D.
Winget, D. M.
Winter, C.
CA Pavilion Lake Res PLRP Team
BE Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
TI A historical overview of the Pavilion Lake Research Project-Analog
science and exploration in an underwater environment
SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID FRESH-WATER MICROBIALITES; CALCIFICATION; STROMATOLITES; CANADA
AB As humans venture back to the Moon, or onward to near-Earth objects and Mars, it is expected that the rigors of this exploration will far exceed those of Apollo. Terrestrial analogs can play a key role in our preparations for these complex voyages, since in addition to their scientific value, analogs afford the exploration community a means to safely prepare and test exploration strategies for future robotic and human planetary missions. Many relevant analog studies exist, and each is focused on a particular aspect of strategic development. Some analog programs such as the Pavilion Lake Research Project (PLRP) present the opportunity to investigate both real scientific and real exploration scenarios in tandem. The activities of this research program demand the use of techniques, tools, and strategies for underwater scientific exploration, and the challenges associated with the scientific exploration of Pavilion Lake are analogous to those human explorers will encounter on other planetary and small solar system bodies. The goal of this paper is to provide a historical synopsis of the PLRP's objectives, milestones, and contributions to both the scientific and exploration community. Here, we focus on detailing the development and deployment of an integrated science and exploration program with analog application to our understanding of early Earth systems and the preparation for future human space exploration. Over a decade of exploration and discovery is chronicled herein.
C1 [Lim, Darlene S. S.; Davila, A.; Deans, M. C.; Fong, T.; Lees, D.; Marinova, M. M.; McKay, C. P.; Wilhelm, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Lim, Darlene S. S.; Andersen, D. T.; Davila, A.] Search Extra Terr Intelligence Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Brady, A. L.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Abercromby, A. F.; Arnold, R. R.; Gernhardt, M. L.; Hadfield, C.; Looper, C.; Love, S.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Andersen, M.] Lake Placid Middle High Sch, Lake Placid, NY USA.
[Bird, J. S.; Mullins, G.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Engn Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
[Bohm, H. R.] Harry Bohm Co, Water & Energy Technol, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Booth, L.] Hamilton Elementary, Richmond, BC, Canada.
[Cady, S. L.; Sallstedt, T.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
[Cardman, Z.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Chan, A. M.; Chenard, C.; Suttle, C. A.; Winget, D. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
[Chan, O.; Pointing, S. B.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Cowie, B. R.] Univ Calgary, Appl Geochem Grp, Calgary, AB, Canada.
[Dearing, W.; Downs, M.; Seibert, M.] Space Commun & Nav NASA, John F Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Delaney, M.] Edge Div Ctr, N Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Forrest, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Incline Village, NV 89451 USA.
[Gutsche, J. R.; Nebel, S. H.; Raineault, N.; Trembanis, A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Hamilton, A.; Imam, Y.; Laval, B. L.; Pike, W.; Reid, D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Hansen, J.; Leoni, L.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
[Hawes, I.; Slater, G. F.] Aquat Res Solut Ltd, Cambridge, New Zealand.
[Heaton, J.; Nuytten, P.; Reay, M.] Nuytco Res, N Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[McCombs, D.] First Aid & Safety Serv, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Mireau, B.] Riverside Secondary, Port Coquitlam, BC, Canada.
[Pendery, R.] Studio98, Clearwater, FL USA.
[Pollack, J.] Texas A&M, Inst Naut Archaeol, College Stn, TX USA.
[Schulze-Makuch, D.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Shepard, R.; Sumner, D. Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Stonehouse, J.] Diamond Elementary Sch, Surrey, BC, Canada.
[Wilkinson, N.] Rask Syst Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Williams, D.] McMaster Univ, McMaster Ctr Med Robot, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
RP Lim, DSS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM darlene.lim@nasa.gov
RI Cowie, Benjamin/C-3288-2014;
OI Cowie, Benjamin/0000-0002-8834-0848; Imam, Yehya/0000-0001-7027-5083;
Winter, Christian/0000-0001-6327-0209; Suttle,
Curtis/0000-0002-0372-0033
NR 23
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2483-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2011
VL 483
BP 85
EP 115
DI 10.1130/2011.2483(07)
D2 10.1130/9780813724836
PG 31
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BHX33
UT WOS:000326925100008
ER
PT S
AU Bualat, MG
Abercromby, A
Allan, M
Bouyssounouse, X
Deans, MC
Fong, T
Fluckiger, L
Hodges, KV
Hurtado, J
Keely, L
Kobayashi, L
Landis, R
Lee, PC
Lee, SY
Lees, D
Pacis, E
Park, E
Pedersen, L
Schreckenghost, D
Smith, T
To, V
Utz, H
AF Bualat, Maria G.
Abercromby, Andrew
Allan, Mark
Bouyssounouse, Xavier
Deans, Matthew C.
Fong, Terrence
Flueckiger, Lorenzo
Hodges, Kip V.
Hurtado, Jose, Jr.
Keely, Leslie
Kobayashi, Linda
Landis, Rob
Lee, Pascal C.
Lee, Susan Y.
Lees, David
Pacis, Estrellina
Park, Eric
Pedersen, Liam
Schreckenghost, Debra
Smith, Trey
To, Vinh
Utz, Hans
BE Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
TI Robotic recon for human exploration: Method, assessment, and lessons
learned
SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB Robotic rovers can be used as advance scouts to significantly improve scientific and technical return of planetary surface exploration. Robotic scouting, or "robotic recon," involves using a robot to collect ground-level data prior to human field activity. The data collected and knowledge acquired through recon can be used to refine traverse planning, reduce operational risk, and increase crew productivity. To understand how robotic recon can benefit human exploration, we conducted a series of simulated planetary robotic missions at analog sites. These mission simulations were designed to: (1) identify and quantify operational requirements for robotic recon in advance of human activity; (2) identify and quantify ground control and science team requirements for robotic recon; and (3) identify capability, procedure, and training requirements for human explorers to draw maximum benefit from robotic recon during vehicular traverses and on-foot extravehicular activities (EVA). Our studies indicate that robotic recon can be beneficial to crew, improving preparation, situational awareness, and productivity in the field. This is particularly true when traverse plans contain significant unknowns that can be resolved by recon, such as target access and station/activity priority. In this paper, we first present the assumptions and major questions related to robotic reconnaissance. We detail our system design, including the configuration of our recon robot, the ground data system used for operation, ground control organization, and operational time lines. Finally, we describe the design and results from an experiment to assess robotic recon, discuss lessons learned, and identify directions for future work.
C1 [Bualat, Maria G.; Allan, Mark; Bouyssounouse, Xavier; Deans, Matthew C.; Fong, Terrence; Flueckiger, Lorenzo; Keely, Leslie; Kobayashi, Linda; Landis, Rob; Lee, Pascal C.; Lee, Susan Y.; Lees, David; Pacis, Estrellina; Park, Eric; Pedersen, Liam; Smith, Trey; To, Vinh; Utz, Hans] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Abercromby, Andrew] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Hodges, Kip V.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Hurtado, Jose, Jr.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
RP Bualat, MG (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
OI Hodges, Kip/0000-0003-2805-8899
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2483-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2011
VL 483
BP 117
EP 135
DI 10.1130/2011.2483(08)
D2 10.1130/9780813724836
PG 19
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BHX33
UT WOS:000326925100009
ER
PT S
AU Bos, BJ
Scott, DJ
Metzger, SM
AF Bos, Brent J.
Scott, Dave J.
Metzger, Stephen M.
BE Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
TI Habitat dust contamination at a Mars analog
SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB After the high-radiation environment and the low gravity field on Mars, dust is arguably the next biggest environmental hazard facing a manned mission to Mars. The seriousness of this threat is still being studied with robotic missions. At its most benign, Martian dust the work undertaken were recorded to study their effects on dust contamination. We found that more than 50 g of dust and soil were transported into the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) during the 12 EVAs (extravehicular activities) that were measured. The largest amount of contamination from EVA activity was due to open-cockpit vehicle travel and depended strongly on the terrain over which the EVA was conducted. Based on first-order dust dynamics modeling, similar behaviors are expected on Mars.
C1 [Bos, Brent J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Scott, Dave J.] Nudge Inc, Toronto, ON M4M 2M1, Canada.
[Metzger, Stephen M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Bos, BJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 551,Bldg 5,Room C325, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2483-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2011
VL 483
BP 137
EP 155
DI 10.1130/2011.2483(09)
D2 10.1130/9780813724836
PG 19
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BHX33
UT WOS:000326925100010
ER
PT S
AU Rask, J
Heldmann, J
Smith, H
Battler, M
McKay, C
AF Rask, Jon
Heldmann, Jennifer
Smith, Heather
Battler, Melissa
McKay, Christopher
BE Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
TI The NASA Spaceward Bound field training curriculum
SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB A comprehensive field training curriculum was developed and tested during the 2006, 2008, 2009, and 2010 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Spaceward Bound missions at the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS). The curriculum was developed to train teachers and students in fundamentals of Moon and Mars analog station operations, logistics, field work, and scientific investigation. The curriculum is composed of background content, directions, lesson plans, suggestions, protocols, images, diagrams, figures, checklists, worksheets, experiments, field missions, and references. To date, 48 individuals have participated in Spaceward Bound missions at MDRS, and 18 have successfully tested the curriculum. Based on our analysis and student feedback, we conclude that the Spaceward Bound curriculum is highly useful in training teachers and students in aspects of astrobiology, field science, and Mars exploration, and that MDRS is an ideal location for its use.
C1 [Rask, Jon] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Dynamac Inc, Space Biosci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Heldmann, Jennifer; McKay, Christopher] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Smith, Heather] Utah State Univ, Biol Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Battler, Melissa] Univ Western Ontario, Ctr Planetary Sci & Explorat, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
RP Rask, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Dynamac Inc, Space Biosci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM jon.c.rask@nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2483-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2011
VL 483
BP 157
EP 163
DI 10.1130/2011.2483(10)
D2 10.1130/9780813724836
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BHX33
UT WOS:000326925100011
ER
PT S
AU Dohm, JM
Miyamoto, H
Ori, GG
Fairen, AG
Davila, AF
Komatsu, G
Mahaney, WC
Williams, JP
Joye, SB
Di Achille, G
Oehler, DZ
Marzo, GA
Schulze-Makuch, D
Acocella, V
Glamoclija, M
Pondrelli, M
Boston, P
Hart, KM
Anderson, RC
Baker, VR
Fink, W
Kelleher, BP
Furfaro, R
Gross, C
Hare, TM
Frazer, AR
Ip, F
Allen, CCR
Kim, KJ
Maruyama, S
McGuire, PC
Netoff, D
Parnell, J
Wendt, L
Wheelock, SJ
Steele, A
Hancock, RGV
Havics, RA
Costa, P
Krinsley, D
AF Dohm, J. M.
Miyamoto, H.
Ori, G. G.
Fairen, A. G.
Davila, A. F.
Komatsu, G.
Mahaney, W. C.
Williams, J. -P.
Joye, S. B.
Di Achille, G.
Oehler, D. Z.
Marzo, G. A.
Schulze-Makuch, D.
Acocella, V.
Glamoclija, M.
Pondrelli, M.
Boston, P.
Hart, K. M.
Anderson, R. C.
Baker, V. R.
Fink, W.
Kelleher, B. P.
Furfaro, R.
Gross, C.
Hare, T. M.
Frazer, A. R.
Ip, F.
Allen, C. C. R.
Kim, K. J.
Maruyama, S.
McGuire, P. C.
Netoff, D.
Parnell, J.
Wendt, L.
Wheelock, S. J.
Steele, A.
Hancock, R. G. V.
Havics, R. A.
Costa, P.
Krinsley, D.
BE Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
TI An inventory of potentially habitable environments on Mars: Geological
and biological perspectives
SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HAUGHTON IMPACT
STRUCTURE; FRASASSI CAVE SYSTEM; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM;
SEA-FLOOR BRINES; SP-NOV.; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SLOPE STREAKS
AB On Earth, biology, hydrology, and geology are interlinked such that certain types of life are often associated with specific conditions, including rock type, pressure, temperature, and chemistry. Life on Earth has established itself in diverse and extreme niches, presenting the possibility that Mars, too, may hold records of fossilized and/or extant life in diverse environments. Geologic, paleohydrologic, and climatic conditions through the evolution of Mars are similar in many respects to conditions occurring during the evolution of Earth and, as such, may point to environments on Mars with potential to have supported living systems. Here, we discuss examples of those Martian settings. Such extraterrestrial environments should be targeted by international robotic and/or manned missions to explore potential fossilized or extant life on Mars.
C1 [Dohm, J. M.; Baker, V. R.; Wheelock, S. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Dohm, J. M.; Miyamoto, H.] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo, Japan.
[Ori, G. G.; Komatsu, G.; Pondrelli, M.] Univ G dAnnunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, Pescara, Italy.
[Fairen, A. G.; Davila, A. F.; Marzo, G. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Fairen, A. G.; Davila, A. F.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA.
[Komatsu, G.] Chiba Inst Technol, Planetary Explorat Res Ctr, Chiba, Japan.
[Mahaney, W. C.] Quaternary Surveys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Williams, J. -P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Williams, J. -P.] Ashima Res, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Joye, S. B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Di Achille, G.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Oehler, D. Z.] NASA, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA.
[Marzo, G. A.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
[Schulze-Makuch, D.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Acocella, V.] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Sci Geol, Rome, Italy.
[Glamoclija, M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC USA.
[Boston, P.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM USA.
[Hart, K. M.; Kelleher, B. P.] Dublin City Univ, Sch Chem Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland.
[Anderson, R. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Fink, W.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Fink, W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Fink, W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Biomed Engn, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Furfaro, R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Gross, C.; Wendt, L.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci Planetary Sci & Remote Sensing, Berlin, Germany.
[Hare, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Frazer, A. R.; Allen, C. C. R.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Med Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast, Antrim, Ireland.
[Ip, F.] Pima Cty Flood Control Dist, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Kim, K. J.] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Geol & Environm Hazards Div, Taejon, South Korea.
[Maruyama, S.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
[McGuire, P. C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Netoff, D.] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Huntsville, TX 77340 USA.
[Parnell, J.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Aberdeen, Scotland.
[Hancock, R. G. V.] McMaster Univ, Dept Med Phys & Appl Radiat Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
[Hancock, R. G. V.] McMaster Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
[Havics, R. A.] pH2 LLC, Avon, IN 46123 USA.
[Havics, R. A.] McCrone Inst, Chicago, IL USA.
[Costa, P.] Univ Lisbon, Dept Geol, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal.
[Krinsley, D.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM jmd@hwr.arizona.edu
RI Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Kelleher, Brian/D-6224-2012; Costa,
Pedro/I-1216-2012;
OI Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; Costa,
Pedro/0000-0001-6573-0539; Joye, Samantha/0000-0003-1610-451X; Hare,
Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X; ORI, Gian Gabriele/0000-0002-6460-1476
NR 358
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 3
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2483-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2011
VL 483
BP 317
EP 347
DI 10.1130/2011.2483(21)
D2 10.1130/9780813724836
PG 31
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BHX33
UT WOS:000326925100022
ER
PT S
AU Clark, PE
Bleacher, J
Petro, N
Mest, S
AF Clark, P. E.
Bleacher, J.
Petro, N.
Mest, S.
BE Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
TI Plan for a human expedition to Marius Hills and its implications for
viable surface exploration architecture
SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
AB In response to the need to develop science-conducive architectures for future human exploration of particularly interesting targets on lunar and planetary surfaces, we have developed scenarios for a geological expedition to Marius Hills within current constraints of week-long sortie missions. This area has a dense nest of volcano-tectonic features representing the range of mare volcanic structures, which is one of the reasons why it is so compelling. Two distinct episodes of flood basaltic volcanism are represented, along with volcanic shields, domes, cones, rilles, wrinkle ridges, floor fractures, and a magnetic swirl anomaly. We found two potential landing sites (constrained to 10 km radius) in the southwestern portion of Marius Hills that would allow access to examples of most of the features of interest. We describe the geological context, resulting investigations, daily traverses, and survey/sample sites along those routes, in detail, as well as the required tools, instruments, and surface activities. The resulting science requirements, for a minimum of two rovers plus a few hundred kilograms of science payload, along with implications for a science-conducive architecture, are considered.
C1 [Clark, P. E.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Bleacher, J.; Petro, N.] NASA, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Mest, S.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Clark, PE (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
RI Bleacher, Jacob/D-1051-2012
OI Bleacher, Jacob/0000-0002-8499-4828
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2483-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2011
VL 483
BP 519
EP 532
DI 10.1130/2011.2483(31)
D2 10.1130/9780813724836
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BHX33
UT WOS:000326925100032
ER
PT S
AU Clark, PE
Mest, S
Bleacher, J
Petro, N
AF Clark, P. E.
Mest, S.
Bleacher, J.
Petro, N.
BE Garry, WB
Bleacher, JE
TI Advanced regional-scale scenarios for lunar surface exploration
SO ANALOGS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION
SE Geological Society of America Special Papers
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID POLE-AITKEN BASIN; ARISTARCHUS PLATEAU; CLEMENTINE; DEPOSITS; MARE;
STRATIGRAPHY; TSIOLKOVSKY; FARSIDE; ORIGIN; CRATER
AB The motivation for this study was to create lunar surface exploration scenarios that would support current science needs, as captured in the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (LEAG) Roadmap for Lunar Exploration. A science-driven capability to meet those needs required enhanced capability, relative to the Apollo J missions, to provide a broader field context for (1) improved interpretation of samples and measurements; (2) greater flexibility in the selection and nature of activities at field stations; as well as (3) greater potential for breakthrough science. Here, we offer advanced regional-scale (hundreds of kilometers) surface exploration scenarios, essentially design reference missions, for three high-priority targets representing the broadest differences in the nature and distribution of geological features. South Pole-Aitken Basin is the largest and oldest confirmed lunar impact basin. Covering most of the farside southern hemisphere and > 2000 km in diameter, it contains extraordinarily diverse features and geochemical anomalies that are widely scattered and thus would require several regional-scale missions. Tsiolkovsky is an anomaly among farside craters: It is mare-filled in the thickest portion of farside crust, young, and has well-preserved impact structures, yet it is surrounded by the ancient Tsiolkovsky-Stark Basin. Aristarchus Plateau is a tectonically uplifted plateau associated with the formation of Imbrium Basin, and it is found on a concentric ring of basin. Features encompassing the entire range of mare volcanism activity in style and age are found either on the relatively compact plateau or within hundreds of kilometers in surrounding western Oceanus Procellarum. Our regional-scale architecture would allow science objectives for study of Aristarchus Plateau or Tsiolkovsky to be addressed from one landing site conveniently located on the target, while South Pole-Aitken Basin would require several missions to achieve such objectives. We describe the geological context and resulting investigations, as well as the required tools, instruments, and activities. We assumed, as initially instructed, science need-driven capabilities at least a generation beyond the Apollo J missions, i.e., the availability of a minimum of two pressurized rovers capable of hundreds of kilometers driving range at average speeds of 10-15 kph (without recharge), four crew, and 700 kg of science payload. The implications of such science-conducive architecture in the context of other architectures under consideration are discussed.
C1 [Clark, P. E.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Mest, S.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Bleacher, J.; Petro, N.] NASA, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Clark, PE (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
RI Bleacher, Jacob/D-1051-2012
OI Bleacher, Jacob/0000-0002-8499-4828
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC
PI BOULDER
PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA
SN 0072-1077
BN 978-0-8137-2483-6
J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP
PY 2011
VL 483
BP 547
EP 567
DI 10.1130/2011.2483(33)
D2 10.1130/9780813724836
PG 21
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology
GA BHX33
UT WOS:000326925100034
ER
PT J
AU Koehne, JE
Marsh, M
Boakye, A
Douglas, B
Kim, IY
Chang, SY
Jang, DP
Bennet, KE
Kimble, C
Andrews, R
Meyyappan, M
Lee, KH
AF Koehne, Jessica E.
Marsh, Michael
Boakye, Adwoa
Douglas, Brandon
Kim, In Yong
Chang, Su-Youne
Jang, Dong-Pyo
Bennet, Kevin E.
Kimble, Christopher
Andrews, Russell
Meyyappan, M.
Lee, Kendall H.
TI Carbon nanofiber electrode array for electrochemical detection of
dopamine using fast scan cyclic voltammetry
SO ANALYST
LA English
DT Article
ID NANOTUBE NANOELECTRODE ARRAYS; IN-VIVO; STIMULATION; BRAIN; RAT;
MICROELECTRODES; ADENOSINE; ACID
AB A carbon nanofiber (CNF) electrode array was integrated with the Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration Sensor System (WINCS) for the detection of dopamine using fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Dopamine detection performance by CNF arrays was comparable to that of traditional carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMs), demonstrating that CNF arrays can be utilized as an alternative carbon electrode for neurochemical monitoring.
C1 [Koehne, Jessica E.; Boakye, Adwoa; Douglas, Brandon; Andrews, Russell; Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Marsh, Michael; Kim, In Yong; Chang, Su-Youne; Jang, Dong-Pyo; Lee, Kendall H.] Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
[Bennet, Kevin E.; Kimble, Christopher; Lee, Kendall H.] Mayo Clin, Div Engn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
RP Koehne, JE (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Jessica.E.Koehne@nasa.gov
FU NIH [K08 NS 52232]; Mayo Foundation; NASA Ames Research Center
FX The authors thank Ramsey Stevens of Carbon Design Innovations, Inc. for
the use of a CCB AFM probe. This work was supported by NIH (K08 NS 52232
award to KHL), the Mayo Foundation (2008-2011 Research Early Career
Development Award for Clinician Scientists to KHL) and NASA Ames
Research Center.
NR 28
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 2
U2 40
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0003-2654
J9 ANALYST
JI Analyst
PY 2011
VL 136
IS 9
BP 1802
EP 1805
DI 10.1039/c1an15025a
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 748BN
UT WOS:000289365100003
PM 21387028
ER
PT J
AU Kim, S
Rim, T
Kim, K
Lee, U
Baek, E
Lee, H
Baek, CK
Meyyappan, M
Deen, MJ
Lee, JS
AF Kim, Sungho
Rim, Taiuk
Kim, Kihyun
Lee, Unsang
Baek, Eunhye
Lee, Hojoon
Baek, Chang-Ki
Meyyappan, M.
Deen, M. Jamal
Lee, Jeong-Soo
TI Silicon nanowire ion sensitive field effect transistor with integrated
Ag/AgCl electrode: pH sensing and noise characteristics
SO ANALYST
LA English
DT Article
ID LABEL-FREE DETECTION; BIOSENSORS; SENSORS; FETS
AB We have fabricated Si nanowire (SiNW) based ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs) for biosensing applications. The ability to prepare a large number of sensors on a wafer, the use of standard silicon microfabrication techniques resulting in cost savings, and potential high sensitivity are significant advantages in favor of nanoscale SiNW ISFETs. The SiNW ISFETs with embedded Ag/AgCl reference electrode were fabricated on a standard silicon-on-insulator wafer using electron-beam lithography and conventional semiconductor processing technology. The current-voltage characteristics show an n-type FET behavior with a relatively high on/off current ratio, reasonable subthreshold swing value, and low gate-leakage current. The pH responses of the ISFETs with different pH solutions were characterized at room temperature which showed a clear lateral shift of the drain current vs. gate voltage curve with a change in the pH value of the solution and a sensitivity of 40 mV pH(-1). The low frequency noise characteristics were investigated to evaluate the signal to noise ratio and sensing limit of the devices.
C1 [Kim, Sungho; Rim, Taiuk; Kim, Kihyun; Lee, Hojoon; Baek, Chang-Ki; Lee, Jeong-Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Pohang, South Korea.
[Lee, Unsang; Baek, Eunhye; Meyyappan, M.; Deen, M. Jamal; Lee, Jeong-Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div IT Convergence Engn, Pohang, South Korea.
[Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Deen, M. Jamal] McMaster Univ, ECE Dept, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Pohang, South Korea.
EM ljs6951@postech.ac.kr
RI Deen, M./A-7567-2008;
OI Deen, M./0000-0002-6390-0933; Baek, Eunhye/0000-0002-1662-7399
FU BK21 program; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of
Education, Science and Technology [R31-2008-000-10100-0]; National
Center for Nanomaterials Technology (NCNT) at POSTECH
FX This work was partially supported by the BK21 program, the WCU (World
Class University) program through the National Research Foundation of
Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
(Project no. R31-2008-000-10100-0) and the National Center for
Nanomaterials Technology (NCNT) at POSTECH. The authors would like to
thank the NCNT staff for their assistance in device fabrication.
NR 24
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 3
U2 36
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0003-2654
J9 ANALYST
JI Analyst
PY 2011
VL 136
IS 23
BP 5012
EP 5016
DI 10.1039/c1an15568g
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 842RI
UT WOS:000296616800019
PM 22068238
ER
PT J
AU Wedlund, CS
Gronoff, G
Lilensten, J
Menager, H
Barthelemy, M
AF Wedlund, C. Simon
Gronoff, G.
Lilensten, J.
Menager, H.
Barthelemy, M.
TI Comprehensive calculation of the energy per ion pair or W values for
five major planetary upper atmospheres
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Ionosphere; Planetary ionospheres; Space plasma physics; Ionization
processes; Transport processes
ID ELECTRON IMPACT IONIZATION; TRANSPORT-THEORETIC MODEL; HYDROGEN ATOM
AURORA; CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULAR NITROGEN; GASES; DEPOSITION;
IONOSPHERE; COLLISIONS; OXYGEN
AB The mean energy W expended in a collision of electrons with atmospheric gases is a useful parameter for fast aeronomy computations. Computing this parameter in transport kinetic models with experimental values can tell us more about the number of processes that have to be taken into account and the uncertainties of the models. We present here computations for several atmospheric gases of planetological interest (CO2, CO, N-2, O-2, O, CH4, H, He) using a family of multi-stream kinetic transport codes. Results for complete atmospheres for Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Titan are also shown for the first time. A simple method is derived to calculate W of gas mixtures from single-component gases and is conclusively checked against the W values of these planetary atmospheres. Discrepancies between experimental and theoretical values show where improvements can be made in the measurement of excitation and dissociation cross-sections of specific neutral species, such as CO2 and CO.
C1 [Wedlund, C. Simon] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium.
[Gronoff, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Lilensten, J.; Menager, H.; Barthelemy, M.] IPAG, Grenoble, France.
RP Wedlund, CS (reprint author), Belgian Inst Space Aeron, BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium.
EM cyril.simon@aeronomie.be
OI Gronoff, Guillaume/0000-0002-0331-7076
FU European Commission [218816, 228319]; NASA
FX We thank the EISCAT staff in Tromso and R. Jacobsen for their help. The
research leading to these results has received funding from the European
Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the grant
agreement no. 218816 (SOTERIA project, www.soteria-space.eu) and under
the grant agreement no. 228319 (Europlanet research infrastructure
http://www.europlanet-ri.eu/. This research was also carried out in the
frame of the European COST ES0803 project. The work of G. G. was
supported by an appointment to the NASA Post-doctoral Program at NASA
Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated University
through a contract with NASA. The simulations were made using the CIGRI
system on the CI-MENT platform (Grenoble UJF, France). We thank B.
Bzeznik (IMAG, France) for his useful advice. We also thank the two
referees for their insightful comments. C. S. W is indebted to M. S.
Wedlund (LATMOS, France) for her comments and rereading of the present
manuscript.
NR 63
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2011
VL 29
IS 1
BP 187
EP 195
DI 10.5194/angeo-29-187-2011
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 713GM
UT WOS:000286723200016
ER
PT J
AU Delcourt, DC
Moore, TE
Fok, MCH
AF Delcourt, D. C.
Moore, T. E.
Fok, M. -C. H.
TI On the effect of IMF turning on ion dynamics at Mercury
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Magnetospheric physics; Planetary magnetospheres
ID SINGLE-PARTICLE ORBITS; MESSENGER OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA
SHEET; MAGNETOTAIL; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; ACCELERATION
AB We investigate the effect of a rotation of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) on the transport of magnetospheric ion populations at Mercury. We focus on ions of planetary origin and investigate their large-scale circulation using three-dimensional single-particle simulations. We show that a nonzero B(X) component of the IMF leads to a pronounced asymmetry in the overall circulation pattern. In particular, we demonstrate that the centrifugal acceleration due to curvature of the E x B drift paths is more pronounced in one hemisphere than the other, leading to filling of the magnetospheric lobes and plasma sheet with more or less energetic material depending upon the hemisphere of origin. Using a time-varying electric and magnetic field model, we investigate the response of ions to rapid (a few tens of seconds) re-orientation of the IMF. We show that, for ions with gyroperiods comparable to the field variation time scale, the inductive electric field should lead to significant nonadiabatic energization, up to several hundreds of eVs or a few keVs. It thus appears that IMF turning at Mercury should lead to localized loading of the magnetosphere with energetic material of planetary origin (e. g., Na(+)).
C1 [Delcourt, D. C.] CNRS Ecole Polytech, UMR7648, LPP, St Maur Des Fosses, France.
[Moore, T. E.; Fok, M. -C. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Delcourt, DC (reprint author), CNRS Ecole Polytech, UMR7648, LPP, St Maur Des Fosses, France.
EM dominique.delcourt@lpp.polytechnique.fr
RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012
OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137;
NR 22
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2011
VL 29
IS 6
BP 987
EP 996
DI 10.5194/angeo-29-987-2011
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 781PK
UT WOS:000291945800003
ER
PT J
AU Kramar, M
Davila, J
Xie, H
Antiochos, S
AF Kramar, M.
Davila, J.
Xie, H.
Antiochos, S.
TI On the influence of CMEs on the global 3-D coronal electron density
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy; Corona and transition
region; Flares and mass ejections; Magnetic fields
ID WHITE-LIGHT IMAGES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR CORONA;
TOMOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; POLARIZATION; STEREO
AB In order to analize the influence of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) on the coronal streamer belt, we made 3-D reconstructions of the electron density in the corona at heliospheric distances from 1.5 to 4R(circle dot) for periods before and after a CME occured. The reconstructions were performed using a tomography technique. We studied two CME cases: (i) a slow CME on 1 June 2008; (ii) two fast CMEs on 31 December 2007 and 2 January 2008. For the first case of slow CME, it was found: (i) the potential magnetic field configuration in the CME initiation region before the CME does not agree with the coronal density structure while after the CME the agreement between the field and density is much better. This could be manifistation of that that the field was non-potential before the CME and after the CME the field relaxes towards a more potential state. (ii) It was shown that the dimming caused by the slow CME is not due to rotation of the corona and a line-of-sight (LOS) effect but a streamer blow out effect took place.
C1 [Kramar, M.; Xie, H.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Kramar, M.; Davila, J.; Xie, H.; Antiochos, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Kramar, M (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
EM kramar@helio.gsfc.nasa.gov
RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012
OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312
FU NSF [AGS0819971]
FX Thanks to Bernd Inhester for useful disscussions and comments that help
to improve the paper. Also thanks to Gordon Petrie for usefull comments
about potential field reconstruction methods. Thank to unknown referee
for useful comments helped to improve the paper. This research was
partially supported by NSF National Space Weather Program grant number
AGS0819971.
NR 28
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2011
VL 29
IS 6
BP 1019
EP 1028
DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1019-2011
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 781PK
UT WOS:000291945800006
ER
PT J
AU Ofman, L
Vinas, AF
Moya, PS
AF Ofman, L.
Vinas, A. -F.
Moya, P. S.
TI Hybrid models of solar wind plasma heating
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Interplanetary physics; Solar wind plasma; Space plasma physics; Kinetic
and MHD theory; Numerical simulation studies
ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS;
PROTON TEMPERATURE; HEAVY-IONS; CORONA; TURBULENCE; ACCELERATION;
INSTABILITIES; DRIVEN
AB Remote sensing and in-situ observations show that solar wind ions are often hotter than electrons, and the heavy ions flow faster than the protons by up to an Alfven speed. Turbulent spectrum of Alfvenic fluctuations and shocks were detected in solar wind plasma. Cross-field inhomogeneities in the corona were observed to extend to several tens of solar radii from the Sun. The acceleration and heating of solar wind plasma is studied via 1-D and 2-D hybrid simulations. The models describe the kinetics of protons and heavy ions, and electrons are treated as neutralizing fluid. The expansion of the solar wind is considered in 1-D hybrid model. A spectrum of Alfvenic fluctuations is injected at the computational boundary, produced by differential streaming instability, or initial ion temperature anisotropy, and the parametric dependence of the perpendicular heating of H+-He++ solar wind plasma is studied. It is found that He++ ions are heated efficiently by the Alfvenic wave spectrum below the proton gyroperiod.
C1 [Ofman, L.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Ofman, L.; Vinas, A. -F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Moya, P. S.] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile.
RP Ofman, L (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
EM leon.ofman@nasa.gov
RI Moya, Pablo/C-3163-2011
OI Moya, Pablo/0000-0002-9161-0888
FU NASA [NNX08AV88G, NNX10AC56G]; Comision Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia
(CONICyT, Chile) [D-21070397]; CONICyT/Becas-Chile
FX LO would like to acknowledge support by NASA grants NNX08AV88G and
NNX10AC56G. AFV would like to acknowledge support by NASA grant
NNX10AC56G. PSM is grateful to Comision Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia
(CONICyT, Chile) Doctoral Fellowship D-21070397 and CONICyT/Becas-Chile
fellowship for doctoral internships at NASA/GSFC at 2010. We acknowledge
the use of computer resources at NASA's Ames Research Center advanced
supercomputing facility.
NR 48
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
EI 1432-0576
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2011
VL 29
IS 6
BP 1071
EP 1079
DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1071-2011
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 781PK
UT WOS:000291945800012
ER
PT J
AU Dunlop, MW
Zhang, QH
Bogdanova, YV
Trattner, KJ
Pu, Z
Hasegawa, H
Berchem, J
Taylor, MGGT
Volwerk, M
Eastwood, JP
Lavraud, B
Shen, C
Shi, JK
Wang, J
Constantinescu, D
Fazakerley, AN
Frey, H
Sibeck, D
Escoubet, P
Wild, JA
Liu, ZX
Carr, C
AF Dunlop, M. W.
Zhang, Q. -H.
Bogdanova, Y. V.
Trattner, K. J.
Pu, Z.
Hasegawa, H.
Berchem, J.
Taylor, M. G. G. T.
Volwerk, M.
Eastwood, J. P.
Lavraud, B.
Shen, C.
Shi, J. -K.
Wang, J.
Constantinescu, D.
Fazakerley, A. N.
Frey, H.
Sibeck, D.
Escoubet, P.
Wild, J. A.
Liu, Z. X.
Carr, C.
TI Magnetopause reconnection across wide local time
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Magnetospheric physics; Magnetopause, cusp, and boundary layers; Space
plasma physics; Magnetic reconnection
ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ VORTICES; SOLAR-WIND;
EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS; PLASMA
ELECTRON; BOUNDARY-LAYER; RE-CONNECTION; X-LINE
AB During April to July 2007 a combination of 10 spacecraft provided simultaneous monitoring of the dayside magnetopause across a wide range of local times. The array of four Cluster spacecraft, separated at large distances (10 000 km), were traversing the dawn-side magnetopause at high and low latitudes; the five THEMIS spacecraft were often in a 4 + 1 grouped configuration, traversing the low latitude, dusk-side magnetosphere, and the Double star, TC-1 spacecraft was in an equatorial orbit between the local times of the THEMIS and Cluster orbits. We show here a number of near simultaneous conjunctions of all 10 spacecraft at the magnetopause. One conjunction identifies an extended magnetic reconnection X-line, tilted in the low latitude, sub-solar region, which exists together with active anti-parallel reconnection sites extending to locations on the dawn-side flank. Oppositely moving FTE's are observed on all spacecraft, consistent with the initially strong IMF By conditions and the comparative locations of the spacecraft both dusk-ward and dawn-ward of noon. Comparison with other conjunctions of magnetopause crossings, which are also distributed over wide local times, supports the result that reconnection activity may occur at many sites simultaneously across the sub-solar and flank magnetopause, but linked to the large scale (extended) configuration of the merging line; broadly depending on IMF orientation. The occurrence of MR therefore inherently follows a "component" driven scenario irrespective of the guide field conditions. Some conjunctions allow the global magnetopause response to IMF changes to be observed and the distribution of spacecraft can directly confirm its shape, motion and deformation at local noon, dawn and dusk-side, simultaneously.
C1 [Dunlop, M. W.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, SSTD, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
[Zhang, Q. -H.] Polar Res Inst China, SOA Key Lab Polar Sci, Shanghai 200136, Peoples R China.
[Bogdanova, Y. V.; Fazakerley, A. N.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
[Trattner, K. J.] Lockheed Martin, Palo Alto, CA USA.
[Pu, Z.; Wang, J.] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Berchem, J.] IGPP UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Taylor, M. G. G. T.; Escoubet, P.] ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Volwerk, M.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria.
[Dunlop, M. W.; Eastwood, J. P.; Carr, C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Lavraud, B.] IRAP CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France.
[Dunlop, M. W.; Shen, C.; Shi, J. -K.; Liu, Z. X.] Chinese Acad Sci, CSSAR, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Constantinescu, D.] TU BS, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Frey, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Sibeck, D.] NASA GSFC, Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Wild, J. A.] Univ Lancaster, Space Plasma Environm & Radio Sci Grp, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England.
RP Dunlop, MW (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, SSTD, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
EM m.w.dunlop@rl.ac.uk
RI Hasegawa, Hiroshi/A-1192-2007; Constantinescu, Ovidiu
Dragos/C-4350-2012; Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012; dunlop,
malcolm/F-1347-2010; Constantinescu, Dragos/A-6007-2013; Zhang,
Qing-He/G-4572-2014
OI Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282; Hasegawa, Hiroshi/0000-0002-1172-021X;
Zhang, Qing-He/0000-0003-2429-4050
FU Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) [2009S1-54]; ISSI; STFC IHR; State
Oceanic Administration People's Republic of China [201005017]; Imperial
College London
FX This work is partly supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
visiting Professorship for senior international scientists grant no.
2009S1-54 and the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories
of the CAS and through a working group, sponsored by ISSI, Berne. Q.-H.
Zhang was supported by an STFC IHR grant and is partly supported by
Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project, State Oceanic
Administration People's Republic of China (No. 201005017). JPE holds an
STFC Advanced Fellowship at Imperial College London.
NR 79
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2011
VL 29
IS 9
BP 1683
EP 1697
DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1683-2011
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 827BB
UT WOS:000295399100016
ER
PT J
AU Gjerloev, JW
Ohtani, S
Iijima, T
Anderson, B
Slavin, J
Le, G
AF Gjerloev, J. W.
Ohtani, S.
Iijima, T.
Anderson, B.
Slavin, J.
Le, G.
TI Characteristics of the terrestrial field-aligned current system
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Ionosphere; Electric fields and currents; Magnetospheric physics;
Current systems; Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions
ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; 1100 KILOMETERS;
HIGH-LATITUDES; SATELLITE DATA; AURORAL OVAL; SOLAR-WIND; ELECTROJET;
DEPENDENCE; SUBSTORM
AB We present the first ever comprehensive statistical study of the spatiotemporal characteristics of field-aligned currents in the terrestrial magnetosphere-ionosphere system using multi point measurements. We determine how the FAC density, variability and scale size are coupled. The three ST 5 satellites were in a pearls-on-a-string formation making measurements of the magnetic field with variable inter-spacecraft separations ranging from a few seconds to about 10 min. More than 4700 sets of satellite passes are analyzed using a robust correlation analysis aimed at determining the variability of the FAC system as a function of scale size and satellite spacing. We find significant differences between the FAC characteristics on the dayside and on the nightside in terms of dynamics of the current systems. On the dayside the FAC characteristics are found to be independent of IMF B(z) and geomagnetic activity while the nightside indicates increased variability during disturbed conditions. The boundary separating highly and poorly correlated FACs can be fitted by a linear line for satellite separations shorter than 60 s (dayside) and 160 s (nightside). We interpret this as the dayside and nightside magnetospheric reconfiguration times respectively. For times exceeding this the FAC characteristics are suggested to be controlled by the solar wind (dayside) and plasma sheet (nightside) dynamics. Finally, the characteristics of FAC system with scale sizes larger than similar to 200 km (at ionospheric altitude) appear to be stable and repeatable on time scales of the order of a minute (i.e. comparable to the low-altitude orbiting satellite's traverse time across the auroral belt). In this sense, our results effectively validate the Iijima and Potemra (1978) assumption that on average the large-scale currents with scale sizes of the Region1 and Region2 are quasi-persistently significant in the transport of energy and momentum between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere.
C1 [Gjerloev, J. W.; Ohtani, S.; Anderson, B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Slavin, J.; Le, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Gjerloev, J. W.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.
RP Gjerloev, JW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
EM jesper.gjerloev@ift.uib.no
RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Ohtani,
Shinichi/E-3914-2016
OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Ohtani,
Shinichi/0000-0002-9565-6840
FU NASA [NNX08AM32G]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments by K. Takahashi, R. A.
Hoffman, and A. T. Y. Lui. We gratefully acknowledge the ST 5
magnetometer team: R. Strangeway, G. Le and J. Slavin. The first author
acknowledges NASA contract NNX08AM32G.
NR 36
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 6
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2011
VL 29
IS 10
BP 1713
EP 1729
DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1713-2011
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 842MG
UT WOS:000296603000002
ER
PT J
AU Narita, Y
Glassmeier, KH
Goldstein, ML
Motschmann, U
Sahraoui, F
AF Narita, Y.
Glassmeier, K. -H.
Goldstein, M. L.
Motschmann, U.
Sahraoui, F.
TI Three-dimensional spatial structures of solar wind turbulence from
10000-km to 100-km scales
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Interplanetary physics; Interplanetary magnetic fields; MHD waves and
turbulence; Plasma waves and turbulence
ID POLARIZED ALFVEN WAVES; MEAN MAGNETIC-FIELD; HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE;
HELIOS-OBSERVATIONS; MHD TURBULENCE; POWER SPECTRA; FLUCTUATIONS;
CLUSTER; DISSIPATION; EVOLUTION
AB Using the four Cluster spacecraft, we have determined the three-dimensional wave-vector spectra of fluctuating magnetic fields in the solar wind. Three different solar wind intervals of Cluster data are investigated for this purpose, representing three different spatial scales: 10 000 km, 1000 km, and 100 km. The spectra are determined using the wave telescope technique (k-filtering technique) without assuming the validity of Taylor's frozen-in-flow hypothesis nor are any assumptions made as to the symmetry properties of the fluctuations. We find that the spectra are anisotropic on all the three scales and the power is extended primarily in the directions perpendicular to the mean magnetic field, as might be expected of two-dimensional turbulence, however, the analyzed fluctuations are not axisymmetric. The lack of axisymmetry invalidates some earlier techniques using single spacecraft observations that were used to estimate the percentage of magnetic energy residing in quasi-two-dimensional power. However, the dominance of two-dimensional turbulence is consistent with the relatively long mean free paths of cosmic rays in observed in the helio-sphere. On the other hand, the spectra also exhibit secondary extended structures oblique from the mean magnetic field direction. We discuss possible origins of anisotropy and asymmetry of solar wind turbulence spectra.
C1 [Narita, Y.; Glassmeier, K. -H.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Glassmeier, K. -H.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany.
[Goldstein, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geospace Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Motschmann, U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Theoret Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Motschmann, U.] Inst Planetenforsch, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
[Sahraoui, F.] Lab Phys Plasmas Observ St Maur, F-94107 St Maur Des Fosses, France.
RP Narita, Y (reprint author), Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
EM y.narita@tu-bs.de
RI Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008
FU Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie and Deutsches Zentrum
fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, Germany [50 OC 0901]
FX This work was financially supported by Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft
und Technologie and Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, Germany,
under contract 50 OC 0901.
NR 50
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2011
VL 29
IS 10
BP 1731
EP 1738
DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1731-2011
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 842MG
UT WOS:000296603000003
ER
PT J
AU Korth, H
Rastatter, L
Anderson, BJ
Ridley, AJ
AF Korth, H.
Rastaetter, L.
Anderson, B. J.
Ridley, A. J.
TI Comparison of the observed dependence of large-scale Birkeland currents
on solar wind parameters with that obtained from global simulations
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Ionosphere; Ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; Magnetospheric
physics; Current systems; Space plasma physics; Numerical simulation
studies
ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRANSPOLAR POTENTIAL SATURATION; PARTICLE
ENERGY FLUX; MHD SIMULATION; MAGNETOMETER DATA; ALIGNED CURRENTS;
IRIDIUM CONSTELLATION; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; CURRENT REGION; MODEL
AB Spatial distributions of the large-scale Birkeland currents derived from magnetic field data acquired by the constellation of Iridium Communications satellites have been compared with global-magnetosphere magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. The Iridium data, spanning the interval from February 1999 to December 2007, were first sorted into 45 degrees-wide bins of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle, and the dependencies of the Birkeland currents on solar wind electric field magnitude, E-yz, ram pressure, p(sw), and Alfven Mach number, M-A, were then examined within each bin. The simulations have been conducted at the publicly-accessible Community Coordinated Modeling Center using the University of Michigan Space Weather modeling Framework, which features a global magnetosphere model coupled to the Rice Convection Model. In excess of 120 simulations with steady-state conditions were executed to yield the dependencies of the Birkeland currents on the solar wind and IMF parameters of the coupled model. Averaged over all IMF orientations, the simulation reproduces the Iridium statistical Birkeland current distributions with a two-dimensional correlation coefficient of about 0.8, and the total current agrees with the climatology averages to within 10 %. The total current for individual events regularly exceeds those computed from statistical distributions by factors of >= 2, resulting in larger disparities between observations and simulations. The simulation results also qualitatively reflect the observed increases in total current with increasing E-yz and p(sw), but the model underestimates the rate of increase by up to 50 %. The equatorward expansion and shift of the large-scale currents toward noon observed for increasing E-yz are also evident in the simulation current patterns. Consistent with the observations, the simulation does not show a significant dependence of the total current on M-A.
C1 [Korth, H.; Anderson, B. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA.
[Rastaetter, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Ridley, A. J.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Space Environm Modeling, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Korth, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA.
EM haje.korth@jhuapl.edu
RI Rastaetter, Lutz/D-4715-2012; Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012; Ridley,
Aaron/F-3943-2011
OI Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534
FU NSF [ATM-0539024]
FX We thank Iridium Satellite LLC for providing the engineering
magnetometer data for scientific analysis. Support for processing and
analysis of the Iridium magnetometer data was provided by NSF under
grant ATM-0539024. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or
recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and
do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
We thank the ACE team for the use of the MAG and SWEPAM data made
available via the ACE Level 2 data base. Finally, we acknowledge the
Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) for supporting the large
number of simulations required for the analysis presented here.
NR 58
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY
JI Ann. Geophys.
PY 2011
VL 29
IS 10
BP 1809
EP 1826
DI 10.5194/angeo-29-1809-2011
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 842MG
UT WOS:000296603000010
ER
PT J
AU Li, J
Zwally, HJ
AF Li, Jun
Zwally, H. Jay
TI Modeling of firn compaction for estimating ice-sheet mass change from
observed ice-sheet elevation change
SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SURFACE ELEVATION; GREENLAND; BALANCE; DENSIFICATION;
ACCUMULATION; VARIABILITY
AB Changes in ice-sheet surface elevation are caused by a combination of ice-dynamic imbalance, ablation, temporal variations in accumulation rate, firn compaction and underlying bedrock motion. Thus, deriving the rate of ice-sheet mass change from measured surface elevation change requires information on the rate of firn compaction and bedrock motion, which do not involve changes in mass, and requires an appropriate firn density to associate with elevation changes induced by recent accumulation rate variability. We use a 25 year record of surface temperature and a parameterization for accumulation change as a function of temperature to drive a firn compaction model. We apply this formulation to ICESat measurements of surface elevation change at three locations on the Greenland ice sheet in order to separate the accumulation-driven changes from the ice-dynamic/ablation-driven changes, and thus to derive the corresponding mass change. Our calculated densities for the accumulation-driven changes range from 410 to 610 kg m(-3), which along with 900 kg m(-3) for the dynamic/ablation-driven changes gives average densities ranging from 680 to 790 kg m(-3). We show that using an average (or 'effective') density to convert elevation change to mass change is not valid where the accumulation and the dynamic elevation changes are of opposite sign.
C1 [Li, Jun] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Zwally, H. Jay] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Li, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Jun.Li@nasa.gov
FU NASA
FX This research was supported by NASA's ICESat Project Science funding. We
thank S.F. Price and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments,
which helped greatly to improve the paper.
NR 25
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 14
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0260-3055
J9 ANN GLACIOL
JI Ann. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 59
BP 1
EP 7
PG 7
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 878HF
UT WOS:000299245400002
ER
PT J
AU Yi, DH
Zwally, HJ
Robbins, JW
AF Yi, Donghui
Zwally, H. Jay
Robbins, John W.
TI ICESat observations of seasonal and interannual variations of sea-ice
freeboard and estimated thickness in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica
(2003-2009)
SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID UPWARD-LOOKING SONAR; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; FLUX
AB Sea-ice freeboard heights for 17 ICESat campaign periods from 2003 to 2009 are derived from ICESat data. freeboard is combined with snow depth from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) data and nominal densities of snow, water and sea ice, to estimate sea-ice thickness. Sea-ice freeboard and thickness distributions show clear seasonal variations that reflect the yearly cycle of growth and decay of the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) pack ice. During October-November, sea ice grows to its seasonal maximum both in area and thickness; the mean freeboards are 0.33-0.41 m and the mean thicknesses are 2.10-2.59 m. During February-March, thinner sea ice melts away and the sea-ice pack is mainly distributed in the west Weddell Sea; the mean freeboards are 0.35-0.46 m and the mean thicknesses are 1.48-1.94 m. During May-June, the mean freeboards and thicknesses are 0.26-0.29 m and 1.32-1.37 m, respectively. The 6 year trends in sea-ice extent and volume are (0.023 +/- 0.051) x 10(6) km(2) a(-1) (0.45%a(-1)) and (0.007 +/- 0.092) x 10(3) km(3) a(-1) (0.08% a(-1)); however, the large standard deviations indicate that these positive trends are not statistically significant.
C1 [Yi, Donghui; Robbins, John W.] NASA, SGT Inc, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Yi, DH (reprint author), NASA, SGT Inc, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM donghui.yi@nasa.gov
FU NASA
FX This work is supported by NASA's funding of the ICESat Project Science.
We thank A. Ivanoff, D. J. Cavalieri, T. Markus, and S. Fiegles for
their help in providing the AMSR-E snow-depth and ice-concentration
data. We thank both the Scientific Editor, S. Kern, and the two
anonymous referees for their careful and helpful reviews.
NR 35
TC 34
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 10
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0260-3055
EI 1727-5644
J9 ANN GLACIOL
JI Ann. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 57
BP 43
EP 51
PN 1
PG 9
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 751ZB
UT WOS:000289655600006
ER
PT J
AU Farrell, SL
Markus, T
Kwok, R
Connor, L
AF Farrell, Sinead L.
Markus, Thorsten
Kwok, Ron
Connor, Laurence
TI Laser altimetry sampling strategies over sea ice
SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB With the conclusion of the science phase of the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission in late 2009, and the planned launch of ICESat-2 in late 2015, NASA has recently established the Ice Bridge program to provide continuity between missions. A major goal of Ice Bridge is to obtain a sea-ice thickness time series via airborne surveys over the Arctic and Southern Oceans. Typically two laser altimeters; the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) and the Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS), are utilized during Ice Bridge flights. Using laser altimetry simulations of conventional analogue systems such as ICESat, LVIS and ATM, with the multi-beam system proposed for ICESat-2, we investigate differences in measurements gathered at varying spatial resolutions and the impact on sea-ice freeboard. We assess the ability of each system to reproduce the elevation distributions of two sea-ice models and discuss potential biases in lead detection and sea-surface elevation, arising from variable footprint size and spacing. The conventional systems accurately reproduce mean freeboard over 25 km length scales, while ICESat-2 offers considerable improvements over its predecessor ICESat. In particular, its dense along-track sampling of the surface will allow flexibility in the algorithmic approaches taken to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio for accurate and precise freeboard retrieval.
C1 [Farrell, Sinead L.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Farrell, Sinead L.; Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kwok, Ron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Farrell, Sinead L.; Connor, Laurence] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Farrell, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM sineadf@umd.edu
RI Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011; Kwok,
Ron/A-9762-2008; Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012; Beckley,
Matthew/D-4547-2013
OI Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; Connor,
Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257; Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896;
FU NASA
FX We acknowledge the efforts of the NASA ATM research team for their
expertise and assistance with ATM data processing. We thank J.M. Kuhn
for technical assistance with the model set-up and data simulations,
D.C. McAdoo for helpful discussions and review of the manuscript, and
two anonymous reviewers, whose comments contributed significantly to the
clarity of the paper. This work was supported under the NASA Cryospheric
Sciences Program.
NR 20
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 11
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0260-3055
EI 1727-5644
J9 ANN GLACIOL
JI Ann. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 57
BP 69
EP 76
PN 1
PG 8
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 751ZB
UT WOS:000289655600009
ER
PT J
AU Scambos, TA
Berthier, E
Shuman, CA
AF Scambos, Ted A.
Berthier, Etienne
Shuman, Christopher A.
TI The triggering of subglacial lake drainage during rapid glacier
drawdown: Crane Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula
SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; AIRBORNE LASER ALTIMETRY; ELEVATION CHANGES; WEST
ANTARCTICA; DISCHARGE; SHELF; FLOW; DISINTEGRATION; INVENTORY; ACCURACY
AB Ice surface altimetry from ICESat-1 and NASA aircraft altimeter overflights spanning 2002-09 indicate that a region of lower Crane Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula, shows an unusual temporal pattern of elevation loss: a period of very rapid drawdown (similar to 91 m a(-1) between September 2004 and September 2005) bounded by periods of large but more moderate rates (23 m a(-1) until September 2004; 12 m a(-1) after September 2005). The region of increased drawdown is similar to 4.5 km x 2.2 km based on satellite (ASTER and SPOT-5) stereo-image digital elevation model (DEM) differencing spanning the event. In a later differential DEM the anomalous drawdown feature is not seen. Bathymetry in Crane Glacier fjord reveals a series of flat-lying, formerly subglacial deeps interpreted as lake sediment basins. We conclude that the elevation-change feature resulted from drainage of a small, deep subglacial lake. We infer that the drainage event was induced by hydraulic forcing of subglacial water past a downstream obstruction. However, only a fraction of Crane Glacier's increase in flow speed that occurred near the time of lake drainage (derived from image feature tracking) appears to be directly attributable to the event; instead, retreat of the ice front off a subglacial ridge 6 km downstream of the lake is likely the dominant cause of renewed fast flow and more negative mass balance in the subsequent 4 years.
C1 [Scambos, Ted A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Berthier, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Shuman, Christopher A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Shuman, Christopher A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Scambos, TA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, 1540 30th St,Campus Box 449, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM teds@nsidc.org
RI Berthier, Etienne/B-8900-2009
OI Berthier, Etienne/0000-0001-5978-9155
FU NASA [NNG05GO82G]; French Space Agency (CNES) [352]
FX This research was supported by NASA grant NNG05GO82G to T. Scambos. E.
Berthier acknowledges support from the French Space Agency (CNES)
through the TOSCA and ISIS proposal No. 352. SPOT-5 high-resolution
stereo data were provided at no cost by CNES through the SPIRIT
International Polar Year project (Korona and others, 2009). ASTER data
were provided at no cost by NASA/US Geological Survey through the Global
Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project (Raup and others,
2007). Formosat-2 data used in the study (Fig. 5) were acquired by the
National Space Projects Office (NSPO) of Taiwan, and processed by
Chien-Cheng Liu of National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Bathymetry data were facilitated by F. Zgur and M. Rebesco. We thank J.
Bohlander and T. Haran of NSIDC, who produced several of the datasets
used in the study, and V. Suchdeo (Sigma Space at NASA/Goddard Space
Flight Center) who assisted with the ATM data processing.
NR 48
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 20
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0260-3055
EI 1727-5644
J9 ANN GLACIOL
JI Ann. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 59
BP 74
EP 82
PG 9
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 878HF
UT WOS:000299245400011
ER
PT J
AU Perovich, DK
Jones, KF
Light, B
Eicken, H
Markus, T
Stroeve, J
Lindsay, R
AF Perovich, D. K.
Jones, K. F.
Light, B.
Eicken, H.
Markus, T.
Stroeve, J.
Lindsay, R.
TI Solar partitioning in a changing Arctic sea-ice cover
SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ALBEDO; OCEAN; EVOLUTION; SUMMER
AB The summer extent of the Arctic sea-ice cover has decreased in recent decades and there have been alterations in the timing and duration of the summer melt season. These changes in ice conditions have affected the partitioning of solar radiation in the Arctic atmosphere-ice-ocean system. The impact of sea-ice changes on solar partitioning is examined on a pan-Arctic scale using a 25 km x 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid for the years 1979-2007. Daily values of incident solar irradiance are obtained from NCEP reanalysis products adjusted by ERA-40, and ice concentrations are determined from passive microwave satellite data. The albedo of the ice is parameterized by a five-stage process that includes dry snow, melting snow, melt pond formation, melt pond evolution, and freeze-up. The timing of these stages is governed by the onset dates of summer melt and fall freeze-up, which are determined from satellite observations. Trends of solar heat input to the ice were mixed, with increases due to longer melt seasons and decreases due to reduced ice concentration. Results indicate a general trend of increasing solar heat input to the Arctic ice-ocean system due to declines in albedo induced by decreases in ice concentration and longer melt seasons. The evolution of sea-ice albedo, and hence the total solar heating of the ice-ocean system, is more sensitive to the date of melt onset than the date of fall freeze-up. The largest increases in total annual solar heat input from 1979 to 2007, averaging as much as 4% a(-1), occurred in the Chukchi Sea region. The contribution of solar heat to the ocean is increasing faster than the contribution to the ice due to the loss of sea ice.
C1 [Perovich, D. K.; Jones, K. F.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
[Light, B.; Lindsay, R.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Eicken, H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Markus, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Stroeve, J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
EM donald.k.perovich@usace.army.mil
RI Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012; Eicken, Hajo/M-6901-2016; Lindsay,
Ron/S-9083-2016
FU US National Science Foundation; NASA [NNG04GO51G]
FX This work has been funded by the US National Science Foundation Arctic
System Science Program and the NASA Cryospheric Program. The work on
melt/freeze-up dates was funded under NASA Award No. NNG04GO51G. We
appreciate the efforts of the reviewers and the scientific editor in
improving the manuscript.
NR 31
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 3
U2 31
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0260-3055
EI 1727-5644
J9 ANN GLACIOL
JI Ann. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 57
BP 192
EP 196
PN 2
PG 5
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 751ZD
UT WOS:000289655800003
ER
PT J
AU Markus, T
Massom, R
Worby, A
Lytle, V
Kurtz, N
Maksym, T
AF Markus, Thorsten
Massom, Robert
Worby, Anthony
Lytle, Victoria
Kurtz, Nathan
Maksym, Ted
TI Freeboard, snow depth and sea-ice roughness in East Antarctica from in
situ and multiple satellite data
SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID THICKNESS; VARIABILITY; PRODUCTS
AB In October 2003 a campaign on board the Australian icebreaker Aurora Australis had the objective to validate standard Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) sea-ice products. Additionally, the satellite laser altimeter on the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) was in operation. To capture the large-scale information on the sea-ice conditions necessary for satellite validation, the measurement strategy was to obtain large-scale sea-ice statistics using extensive sea-ice measurements in a Lagrangian approach. A drifting buoy array, spanning initially 50 km x 100 km, was surveyed during the campaign. In situ measurements consisted of 12 transects, 50-500 m, with detailed snow and ice measurements as well as random snow depth sampling of floes within the buoy array using helicopters. In order to increase the amount of coincident in situ and satellite data an approach has been developed to extrapolate measurements in time and in space. Assuming no change in snow depth and freeboard occurred during the period of the campaign on the floes surveyed, we use buoy ice-drift information as well as daily estimates of thin-ice fraction and rough-ice vs smooth-ice fractions from AMSR-E and QuikSCAT, respectively, to estimate kilometer-scale snow depth and freeboard for other days. The results show that ICESat freeboard estimates have a mean difference of 1.8 cm when compared with the in situ data and a correlation coefficient of 0.6. Furthermore, incorporating ICESat roughness information into the AMSR-E snow depth algorithm significantly improves snow depth retrievals. Snow depth retrievals using a combination of AMSR-E and ICESat data agree with in situ data with a mean difference of 2.3 cm and a correlation coefficient of 0.84 with a negligible bias.
C1 [Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Massom, Robert; Worby, Anthony; Lytle, Victoria] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia.
[Massom, Robert; Worby, Anthony] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst CRC, Sandy Bay, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Kurtz, Nathan] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Maksym, Ted] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
RP Markus, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 971, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM thorsten.markus@nasa.gov
RI Worby, Anthony/A-2373-2012; Markus, Thorsten/D-5365-2012
FU Australian Government through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems
Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC); AAS [2298]; NASA [NRA-OES-03]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the professional support of Captain Pearson,
the officers and crew of the RSV Aurora Australis, and the helicopter
pilots and crew. This work was supported by the Australian Government's
Cooperative Research Centres Programme through the Antarctic Climate and
Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC). It was carried out as
part of AAS project 2298 and NASA's AMSR-E Validation Program
(http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/validation/index/php) through NRA-OES-03,
and contributes to AAS project 3024. Thanks are also extended to the
expeditioners traveling to Casey for their help in collecting the snow
data.
NR 21
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 11
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0260-3055
EI 1727-5644
J9 ANN GLACIOL
JI Ann. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 57
BP 242
EP 248
PN 2
PG 7
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 751ZD
UT WOS:000289655800009
ER
PT J
AU Perovich, DK
Richter-Menge, JA
Jones, KF
Light, B
Elder, BC
Polashenski, C
Laroche, D
Markus, T
Lindsay, R
AF Perovich, Donald K.
Richter-Menge, Jacqueline A.
Jones, Kathleen F.
Light, Bonnie
Elder, Bruce C.
Polashenski, Christopher
Laroche, Daniel
Markus, Thorsten
Lindsay, Ronald
TI Arctic sea-ice melt in 2008 and the role of solar heating
SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ART.; ALBEDO; OCEAN; COVER; SHEBA
AB There has been a marked decline in the summer extent of Arctic sea ice over the past few decades. Data from autonomous ice mass-balance buoys can enhance our understanding of this decline. These buoys monitor changes in snow deposition and ablation, ice growth, and ice surface and bottom melt. Result; from the summer of 2008 showed considerable large-scale spatial variability in the amount of surface and bottom melt. Small amounts of melting were observed north of Greenland, while melting in the southern Beaufort Sea was quite large. Comparison of net solar heat input to the ice and heat required for surface ablation showed only modest correlation. However, there was a strong correlation between solar heat input to the ocean and bottom melting. As the ice concentration in the Beaufort Sea region decreased, there was an increase in solar heat to the ocean and an increase in bottom melting.
C1 [Perovich, Donald K.; Richter-Menge, Jacqueline A.; Jones, Kathleen F.; Elder, Bruce C.; Laroche, Daniel] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
[Light, Bonnie; Lindsay, Ronald] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Polashenski, Christopher] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
[Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
EM donald.k.perovich@usace.army.mil
RI Lindsay, Ron/S-9083-2016
FU US National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space
Administration; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
FX We appreciate the support of the North Pole Environmental Observatory,
the Beaufort Gyre Environmental Observatory and the DAMOCLES program for
their efforts in deploying ice mass-balance buoys. This work has been
funded by the US National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration, and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric
Administration.
NR 36
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 14
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0260-3055
EI 1727-5644
J9 ANN GLACIOL
JI Ann. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 57
BP 355
EP 359
PN 2
PG 5
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 751ZD
UT WOS:000289655800021
ER
PT S
AU Perez, RJ
AF Perez, Reinaldo J.
GP IEEE
TI Surviving The Lead Reliability Engineer Role In High Unit Value Projects
SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM (RAMS), 2011
PROCEEDINGS
SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS)
CY JAN 24-APR 27, 2011
CL Lake Buena Vista, FL
DE Reliability Engineering; Lead Reliability Engineer; lessons learned
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Centennial, CO 80122 USA.
RP Perez, RJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 8003 S Corona Way, Centennial, CO 80122 USA.
EM reinaldo.j.perez@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0149-144X
BN 978-1-4244-5103-6
J9 P REL MAINT S
PY 2011
PG 6
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA BXA21
UT WOS:000295508800021
ER
PT S
AU Allen, SW
Evrard, AE
Mantz, AB
AF Allen, Steven W.
Evrard, August E.
Mantz, Adam B.
BE Faber, SM
VanDishoeck, E
TI Cosmological Parameters from Observations of Galaxy Clusters
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, VOL 49
SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE cosmology; dark energy; dark matter; galaxy clusters; intracluster
medium; large-scale structure
ID X-RAY LUMINOSITY; DARK-MATTER HALOES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LARGE-SCALE
STRUCTURE; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; FLUX-LIMITED SAMPLE; N-BODY
SIMULATIONS; INTERACTION CROSS-SECTION; MASS-TEMPERATURE RELATION; PROBE
WMAP OBSERVATIONS
AB Studies of galaxy clusters have proved crucial in helping to establish the standard model of cosmology, with a Universe dominated by dark matter and dark energy. A theoretical basis that describes clusters as massive, multicomponent, quasi-equilibrium systems is growing in its capability to interpret multiwavelength observations of expanding scope and sensitivity. We review current cosmological results, including contributions to fundamental physics, obtained from observations of galaxy clusters. These results are consistent with and complementary to those from other methods. We highlight several areas of opportunity for the next few years, and emphasize the need for accurate modeling of survey selection and sources of systematic error. Capitalizing on these opportunities will require a multiwavelength approach and the application of rigorous statistical frameworks, utilizing the combined strengths of observers, simulators, and theorists.
C1 [Allen, Steven W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Evrard, August E.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Evrard, August E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Evrard, August E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Evrard, August E.] Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Mantz, Adam B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Allen, SW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM swa@stanford.edu; evrard@umich.edu; adam.b.mantz@nasa.gov
OI Evrard, August/0000-0002-4876-956X
NR 332
TC 306
Z9 306
U1 1
U2 19
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA
SN 0066-4146
J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR
JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
PY 2011
VL 49
BP 409
EP 470
DI 10.1146/annurev-astro-081710-102514
PG 62
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BXD57
UT WOS:000295819800011
ER
PT S
AU Mumma, MJ
Charnley, SB
AF Mumma, Michael. J.
Charnley, Steven B.
BE Faber, SM
VanDishoeck, E
TI The Chemical Composition of Comets-Emerging Taxonomies and Natal
Heritage
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, VOL 49
SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE astrochemistry; cometary molecules; interstellar molecules; nuclear spin
temperatures; ortho-para ratios; primary volatiles
ID O1 HALE-BOPP; INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; JUPITER-FAMILY COMETS;
NITROGEN ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; C/2001 Q4 NEAT;
SPITZER SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; HOT MOLECULAR
CORES; LOW-MASS PROTOSTAR
AB Cometary nuclei contain the least modified material from the formative epoch of our planetary system, and their compositions reflect a range of processes experienced by material prior to its incorporation in the cometary nucleus. Dynamical models suggest that icy bodies in the main cometary reservoirs (Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud) formed in a range of environments in the protoplanetary disk, and (for the Oort Cloud) even in disks surrounding neighboring stars of the Sun's birth cluster. Photometric and spectroscopic surveys of more than 100 comets have enabled taxonomic groupings based on free radical species and on crystallinity of rocky grains. Since 1985, new surveys have provided emerging taxonomies based on the abundance ratios of primary volatiles. More than 20 primary chemical species are now detected in bright comets. Measurements of nuclear spin ratios (in water, ammonia, and methane) and of isotopic ratios (D/H in water and HCN;N-14/N-15 in CN and HCN) have provided critical insights on factors affecting formation of the primary species. The identification of an abundant product species (HNC) has provided clear evidence of chemical production in the inner coma. Parallel advances have occurred in astrochemistry of hot corinos, circumstellar disks, and dense cloud cores. In this review, we address the current state of cometary taxonomy and compare it with current astrochemical insights.
C1 [Mumma, Michael. J.; Charnley, Steven B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Astrobiol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Charnley, Steven B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Mumma, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Astrobiol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM michael.j.mumma@nasa.gov; steven.b.charnley@nasa.gov
RI Charnley, Steven/C-9538-2012; mumma, michael/I-2764-2013
NR 406
TC 230
Z9 232
U1 4
U2 69
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA
SN 0066-4146
J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR
JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
PY 2011
VL 49
BP 471
EP 524
DI 10.1146/annurev-astro-081309-130811
PG 54
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BXD57
UT WOS:000295819800012
ER
PT S
AU Hofmann, EE
Cahill, B
Fennel, K
Friedrichs, MAM
Hyde, K
Lee, C
Mannino, A
Najjar, RG
O'Reilly, JE
Wilkin, J
Xue, JH
AF Hofmann, Eileen E.
Cahill, Bronwyn
Fennel, Katja
Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M.
Hyde, Kimberly
Lee, Cindy
Mannino, Antonio
Najjar, Raymond G.
O'Reilly, John E.
Wilkin, John
Xue, Jianhong
BE Carlson, CA
Giovannoni, SJ
TI Modeling the Dynamics of Continental Shelf Carbon
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 3
SE Annual Review of Marine Science
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE carbon cycling; continental shelf; coupled circulation-biogeochemical
models; model-data comparisons; data assimilation; biogeochemical model
initialization
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; CALIFORNIA
CURRENT SYSTEM; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GAS-EXCHANGE;
ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS;
INORGANIC NITROGEN
AB Continental margin systems are important contributors to global nutrient and carbon budgets. Effort is needed to quantify this contribution and how it will be modified under changing patterns of climate and land use. Coupled models will be used to provide projections of future states of continental margin systems. Thus, it is appropriate to consider the limitations that impede the development of realistic models. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of modeling carbon cycling on continental margins as well as the processes and issues that provide the next challenges to such models. Our overview is done within the context of a coupled circulation-biogeochemical model developed for the northeastern North American continental shelf region. Particular choices of forcing and initial fields and process parameterizations are used to illustrate the consequences for simulated distributions, as revealed by comparisons to observations using quantitative statistical metrics.
C1 [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA.
[Cahill, Bronwyn; Wilkin, John] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Fennel, Katja] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.
[Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M.; Xue, Jianhong] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Hyde, Kimberly; O'Reilly, John E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Lee, Cindy] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Mannino, Antonio] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Najjar, Raymond G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Xue, Jianhong] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA.
RP Hofmann, EE (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA.
EM hofmann@ccpo.odu.edu; bronwyn@marine.rutgers.edu; katja.fennel@dal.ca;
marjy@vims.edu; kimberly.hyde@noaa.gov; cindy.lee@sunysb.edu;
antonio.mannino@nasa.gov; najjar@meteo.psu.edu; jay.oreilly@noaa.gov;
wilkin@marine.rutgers.edu; jxue@mail.utexas.edu
RI Fennel, Katja/A-7470-2009; Wilkin, John/E-5343-2011; Lee,
Cindy/B-1456-2009; Mannino, Antonio/I-3633-2014;
OI Fennel, Katja/0000-0003-3170-2331; Wilkin, John/0000-0002-5444-9466;
Lee, Cindy/0000-0002-7608-6213; Friedrichs, Marjorie/0000-0003-2828-7595
NR 133
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 2
U2 47
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA
SN 1941-1405
BN 978-0-8243-4503-7
J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI
JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci.
PY 2011
VL 3
BP 93
EP 122
DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142740
PG 30
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA BTE33
UT WOS:000286638700004
PM 21329200
ER
PT B
AU Kleinn, J
Hall, TM
AF Kleinn, J.
Hall, T. M.
BE Faber, MH
Kohler, J
Nishijima, K
TI Tropical cyclone return periods: Comparison of a stochastic track model
with an extreme value analysis of historic data
SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and
Probability in Civil Engineering (IC ASP)
CY AUG 01-04, 2011
CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND
SP BKW FMB Energie AG, Bundesamt Strassen ASTRA, Fed Roads Off, Walt Galmarini AG, Det Norske Veritas AS, ETH Zurich
ID LANDFALL
AB We estimate return-periods as a function of intensity for land-falling Tropical Cyclones (TCs). Two statistical techniques are compared and contrasted: 1) extreme value theory using the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) based solely on data at landfall and 2) a stochastic model of the complete life-cycle of TCs based on basin-wide TC data. The stochastic TC model brings many more data to bear on landfall estimation than the GPD analysis, allowing for greater precision in estimates of intensity at long return periods. However, the added complexity of the TC model increases the possibility of bias. While the two analyses display broad-brush agreement, there are differences in detail. We present and discuss the outcome of the stochastic TC model and use two methods to validate the model's return periods, including comparison to the GPD results. We also estimate the uncertainty in the model's return periods using a generalized jackknife procedure.
C1 [Kleinn, J.] Aspen Re, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Hall, T. M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Kleinn, J (reprint author), Aspen Re, Zurich, Switzerland.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-0-203-14479-4; 978-0-415-66986-3
PY 2011
BP 1615
EP 1619
PG 5
WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications;
Statistics & Probability
SC Engineering; Mathematics
GA BG8DO
UT WOS:000392245603013
ER
PT J
AU Tao, WK
Shi, JJ
Chen, SYS
Lang, S
Lin, PL
Hong, SY
Peters-Lidard, C
Hou, A
AF Tao, Wei-Kuo
Shi, Jainn Jong
Chen, Shuyi S.
Lang, Stephen
Lin, Pay-Liam
Hong, Song-You
Peters-Lidard, Christa
Hou, Arthur
TI The impact of microphysical schemes on hurricane intensity and track
SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Hurricane; microphysics; high-resolution modeling; precipitation
processes
ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; ICE-PHASE MICROPHYSICS;
TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; PART I; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; TROPICAL CYCLONES;
BULK PARAMETERIZATION; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS
AB During the past decade, both research and operational numerical weather prediction models [e.g. the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF)] have started using more complex microphysical schemes originally developed for high-resolution cloud resolving models (CRMs) with 1-2 km or less horizontal resolutions. WRF is a next-generation meso-scale forecast model and assimilation system. It incorporates a modern software framework, advanced dynamics, numerics and data assimilation techniques, a multiple moveable nesting capability, and improved physical packages. WRF can be used for a wide range of applications, from idealized research to operational forecasting, with an emphasis on horizontal grid sizes in the range of 1-10 km. The current WRF includes several different microphysics options. At NASA Goddard, four different cloud microphysics options have been implemented into WRF. The performance of these schemes is compared to those of the other microphysics schemes available in WRF for an Atlantic hurricane case (Katrina). In addition, a brief review of previous modeling studies on the impact of microphysics schemes and processes on the intensity and track of hurricanes is presented and compared against the current Katrina study. In general, all of the studies show that microphysics schemes do not have a major impact on track forecasts but do have more of an effect on the simulated intensity. Also, nearly all of the previous studies found that simulated hurricanes had the strongest deepening or intensification when using only warm rain physics. This is because all of the simulated precipitating hydrometeors are large raindrops that quickly fall out near the eye-wall region, which would hydrostatically produce the lowest pressure. In addition, these studies suggested that intensities become unrealistically strong when evaporative cooling from cloud droplets and melting from ice particles are removed as this results in much weaker downdrafts in the simulated storms. However, there are many differences between the different modeling studies, which are identified and discussed.
C1 [Tao, Wei-Kuo; Shi, Jainn Jong; Lang, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Shi, Jainn Jong] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Chen, Shuyi S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Lang, Stephen] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Lin, Pay-Liam] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan.
[Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
[Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Global Environm Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
[Peters-Lidard, Christa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Hou, Arthur] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Modeling Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Tao, WK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM wei-kuo.tao-1@nasa.gov
RI Hou, Arthur/D-8578-2012; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Hong,
Song-You/I-3824-2012
OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876;
FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program
[CATER 2007-4406]
FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Joanne G. Simpson whose
tireless and dedicated efforts were a constant inspiration. We are truly
grateful for her leader-ship and support over her many great years here
at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The authors thank Dr. D. Anderson
for his support under the Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP)
program. Development and improvement of the microphysics is mainly
supported by the NASA TRMM/GPM. The first author is grateful to Dr. R.
Kakar at NASA headquarters for his support of microphysics development
over the past decades. S.-Y. Hong was supported by the Korea
Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under
Grant CATER 2007-4406. We also thank two anonymous reviewers their
constructive comments and suggestions that improved this paper.
Acknowledgment is also made to Dr. T. Lee at NASA headquarters, the NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center and the NASA Ames Research Center for
computer time used in this research.
NR 81
TC 28
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 19
PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI SEOUL
PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH
KOREA
SN 1976-7633
J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI
JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 1
BP 1
EP 16
DI 10.1007/s13143-011-1001-z
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 712LU
UT WOS:000286669100001
ER
PT J
AU Schopf, JW
AF Schopf, J. William
TI J. William Schopf
SO ASTROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 [Schopf, J. William] Univ Calif Los Angeles, CSEOL, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Schopf, J. William] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Schopf, J. William] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Penn State Astrobiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA USA.
RP Schopf, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, CSEOL, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Geol Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM Schopf@ess.ucla.edu
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1531-1074
J9 ASTROBIOLOGY
JI Astrobiology
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 1
BP 9
EP 14
DI 10.1089/ast.2010.1129
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology
GA 726AQ
UT WOS:000287689200002
PM 21294675
ER
PT J
AU Grotzinger, J
Beaty, D
Dromart, G
Gupta, S
Harris, M
Hurowitz, J
Kocurek, G
McLennan, S
Milliken, R
Ori, GG
Sumner, D
AF Grotzinger, John
Beaty, David
Dromart, Gilles
Gupta, Sanjeev
Harris, Mitch
Hurowitz, Joel
Kocurek, Gary
McLennan, Scott
Milliken, Ralph
Ori, Gian Gabrielle
Sumner, Dawn
TI Mars Sedimentary Geology: Key Concepts and Outstanding Questions
SO ASTROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; BURNS FORMATION; CLAY-MINERALS; SPIRIT ROVER; BASIN
EJECTA; LANDING SITE; RECORD; CARBONATE; EVOLUTION; DEPOSITS
C1 [Grotzinger, John] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
[Beaty, David] CALTECH, Mars Program Off, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
[Dromart, Gilles] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, F-69364 Lyon, France.
[Gupta, Sanjeev] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London, England.
[Harris, Mitch] Chevron Energy Technol Co, San Ramon, CA USA.
[Kocurek, Gary] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Earth Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[McLennan, Scott] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Milliken, Ralph] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geosci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Ori, Gian Gabrielle] Univ G DAnnunzio, IRSPS, Pescara, Italy.
[Sumner, Dawn] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Grotzinger, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
EM grotz@gps.caltech.edu
RI Sumner, Dawn/E-8744-2011
OI Sumner, Dawn/0000-0002-7343-2061
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The work of D. Beaty and J. Hurowitz was carried out for the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 63
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 26
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1531-1074
EI 1557-8070
J9 ASTROBIOLOGY
JI Astrobiology
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 1
BP 77
EP 87
DI 10.1089/ast.2010.0571
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology
GA 726AQ
UT WOS:000287689200008
PM 21294660
ER
PT B
AU Charcos-Llorens, MV
Krzaczek, R
Shuping, RY
Lin, L
AF Charcos-Llorens, M. V.
Krzaczek, R.
Shuping, R. Y.
Lin, L.
BE Evans, IN
Accomazzi, A
Mink, DJ
Rots, AH
TI The Challenge of Data Reduction for Multiple Instruments on the
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)
SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XX
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 20th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and
Systems
CY NOV 07-11, 2010
CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA
SP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Wolfram Res, NetApp, Hinode XRay Telescope Sci Team
HO Seaport World Trade Ctr
AB SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory For infrared Astronomy, presents a number of interesting challenges for the development of a data reduction environment which, at its initial phase, will have to incorporate pipelines from seven different instruments developed by organizations around the world. Therefore, the SOFIA data reduction software must run code which has been developed in a variety of dissimilar environments, e.g., IDL, Python, Java, C++. Moreover, we anticipate this diversity will only increase in future generations of instrumentation. We investigated three distinctly different situations for performing pipelined data reduction in SOFIA: (1) automated data reduction after data archival at the end of a mission, (2) re-pipelining of science data with updated calibrations or optimum parameters, and (3) the interactive user-driven local execution and analysis of data reduction by an investigator. These different modes would traditionally result in very different software implementations of algorithms used by each instrument team, in effect tripling the amount of data reduction software that would need to be maintained by SOFIA. We present here a unique approach for enfolding all the instrument-specific data reduction software in the observatory framework and verifies the needs for all three reduction scenarios as well as the standard visualization tools. The SOFIA data reduction structure would host the different algorithms and techniques that the instrument teams develop in their own programming language and operating system. Ideally, duplication of software is minimized across the system because instrument teams can draw on software solutions and techniques previously delivered to SOFIA by other instruments. With this approach, we minimize the effort for analyzing and developing new software reduction pipelines for future generation instruments. We also explore the potential benefits of this approach in the portability of the software to an ever-broadening science audience, as well as its ability to ease the use of distributed processing for data reduction pipelines.
C1 [Charcos-Llorens, M. V.; Lin, L.] NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Charcos-Llorens, MV (reprint author), NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-764-3
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2011
VL 442
BP 309
EP +
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BVM57
UT WOS:000291892100066
ER
PT B
AU Pence, W
Seaman, R
White, RL
AF Pence, William
Seaman, Rob
White, Richard L.
BE Evans, IN
Accomazzi, A
Mink, DJ
Rots, AH
TI A New Compression Method for FITS Tables
SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XX
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 20th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and
Systems
CY NOV 07-11, 2010
CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA
SP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Wolfram Res, NetApp, Hinode XRay Telescope Sci Team
HO Seaport World Trade Ctr
AB As the size and number of FITS binary tables generated by astronomical observatories increases, so does the need for a more efficient compression method to reduce the amount disk space and network bandwidth required to archive and download the data tables. We have developed a new compression method for FITS binary tables that is modeled after the FITS tiled-image compression convention that has been in use for the past decade. Tests of this new method on a sample of FITS binary tables from a variety of current missions show that on average this new compression technique saves about 50% more disk space than when simply compressing the whole FITS file with gzip. Other advantages of this method are (I) the compressed FITS table is itself a valid FITS table, (2) the FITS headers remain uncompressed, thus allowing rapid read and write access to the keyword values, and (3) in the common case where the FITS file contains multiple tables, each table is compressed separately and may be accessed without having to uncompress the whole file.
C1 [Pence, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Pence, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI White, Richard/A-8143-2012
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-764-3
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2011
VL 442
BP 493
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BVM57
UT WOS:000291892100106
ER
PT B
AU Ptak, A
Krughoff, S
Connolly, A
AF Ptak, A.
Krughoff, S.
Connolly, A.
BE Evans, IN
Accomazzi, A
Mink, DJ
Rots, AH
TI Automated X-ray and Optical Analysis of the Virtual Observatory and Grid
Computing
SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XX
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 20th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and
Systems
CY NOV 07-11, 2010
CL Seaport World Trade Ctr, Boston, MA
SP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Wolfram Res, NetApp, Hinode XRay Telescope Sci Team
HO Seaport World Trade Ctr
AB We are developing a system to combine the Web Enabled Source Identification with X-Matching (WESIX) web service, which emphasizes source detection on optical images,with the XAssist program that automates the analysis of X-ray data. XAssist is continuously processing archival X-ray data in several pipelines. We have established a workflow in which FITS images and/or (in the case of X-ray data) an X-ray field can be input to WESIX. Intelligent services return available data (if requested fields have been processed) or submit job requests to a queue to be performed asynchronously. These services will be available via web services (for non-interactive use by Virtual Observatory portals and applications) and through web applications (written in the Django web application framework). We are adding web services for specific XAssist functionality such as determining the exposure and limiting flux for a given position on the sky and extracting spectra and images for a given region. We are improving the queuing system in XAssist to allow for "watch lists" to be specified by users, and when X-ray fields in a user's watch list become publicly available they will be automatically added to the queue. XAssist is being expanded to be used as a survey planning tool when coupled with simulation software, including functionality for Nu-Star, eRosita, IXO, and the Wide-Field Xray Telescope (WFXT), as part of an end-to-end simulation/analysis system. We are also investigating the possibility of a dedicated iPhone/iPad app for querying pipeline data, requesting processing, and administrative job control. This work was funded by AISRP grant NNG06GE59G.
C1 [Ptak, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Ptak, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-764-3
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2011
VL 442
BP 595
EP 598
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BVM57
UT WOS:000291892100129
ER
PT J
AU Basri, G
Walkowicz, LM
Batalha, N
Gilliland, RL
Jenkins, J
Borucki, WJ
Koch, D
Caldwell, D
Dupree, AK
Latham, DW
Marcy, GW
Meibom, S
Brown, T
AF Basri, Gibor
Walkowicz, Lucianne M.
Batalha, Natalie
Gilliland, Ronald L.
Jenkins, Jon
Borucki, William J.
Koch, David
Caldwell, Doug
Dupree, Andrea K.
Latham, David W.
Marcy, Geoffrey W.
Meibom, Soeren
Brown, Tim
TI PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY IN KEPLER TARGET STARS. II. AN OVERVIEW OF
AMPLITUDE, PERIODICITY, AND ROTATION IN FIRST QUARTER DATA
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE stars: activity; starspots; stars: rotation; stars: solar-type; stars:
statistics; stars: variables: general
ID OSCILLATIONS
AB We provide an overview of stellar variability in the first quarter data from the Kepler mission. The intent of this paper is to examine the entire sample of over 150,000 target stars for periodic behavior in their light curves and relate this to stellar characteristics. This data set constitutes an unprecedented study of stellar variability given its great precision and complete time coverage (with a half hour cadence). Because the full Kepler pipeline is not currently suitable for a study of stellar variability of this sort, we describe our procedures for treating the "raw" pipeline data. About half of the total sample exhibits convincing periodic variability up to two weeks, with amplitudes ranging from differential intensity changes of less than 10(-4) up to more than 10%. K and M dwarfs have a greater fraction of period behavior than G dwarfs. The giants in the sample have distinctive quasi-periodic behavior, but are not periodic in the way we define it. Not all periodicities are due to rotation, and the most significant period is not necessarily the rotation period. We discuss properties of the light curves, and in particular look at a sample of very clearly periodic G dwarfs. It is clear that a large number of them do vary because of rotation and starspots, but it will take further analysis to fully exploit this.
C1 [Basri, Gibor; Walkowicz, Lucianne M.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Batalha, Natalie; Jenkins, Jon; Borucki, William J.; Koch, David; Caldwell, Doug] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Gilliland, Ronald L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Dupree, Andrea K.; Latham, David W.; Meibom, Soeren] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Brown, Tim] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA.
RP Basri, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014
OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616
FU Kepler Fellowship for the Study of Planet-Bearing Stars; NSF
[AST-0606748]; NASA's Science Mission Directorate
FX The authors thank the entire Kepler mission team, including the
engineers and managers who were so pivotal in the ultimate success of
the mission. L. W. is grateful for the support of the Kepler Fellowship
for the Study of Planet-Bearing Stars. G. B. thanks the NSF through
grant AST-0606748 for partial support of this work. Funding for this
Discovery mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate.
NR 15
TC 96
Z9 96
U1 0
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 141
IS 1
AR 20
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/20
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 694IW
UT WOS:000285291100020
ER
PT J
AU Bodewits, D
Villanueva, GL
Mumma, MJ
Landsman, WB
Carter, JA
Read, AM
AF Bodewits, D.
Villanueva, G. L.
Mumma, M. J.
Landsman, W. B.
Carter, J. A.
Read, A. M.
TI SWIFT-UVOT GRISM SPECTROSCOPY OF COMETS: A FIRST APPLICATION TO C/2007
N3 (LULIN)
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE comets: individual (C/2007 N3 (Lulin)); methods: data analysis;
techniques: imaging spectroscopy; ultraviolet: planetary systems
ID DEEP IMPACT; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; VOLATILE COMPOSITION; SOLAR;
FLUORESCENCE; 8P/TUTTLE; CO2; IONIZATION; PHOTOMETRY; TELESCOPE
AB We observed comet C/2007 N3 (Lulin) twice on UT 2009 January 28, using the UV grism of the Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope on board the Swift gamma-ray burst space observatory. Grism spectroscopy provides spatially resolved spectroscopy over large apertures for faint objects. We developed a novel methodology to analyze grism observations of comets, and applied a Haser comet model to extract production rates of OH, CS, NH, CN, C-3, C-2, and dust. The water production rates retrieved from two visits on this date were 6.7 +/- 0.7 and 7.9 +/- 0.7 x 10(28) molecules s(-1), respectively. Jets were sought (but not found) in the white-light and "OH" images reported here, suggesting that the jets reported by Knight & Schleicher are unique to CN. Based on the abundances of its carbon-bearing species, comet Lulin is "typical" (i.e., not "depleted") in its composition.
C1 [Bodewits, D.; Villanueva, G. L.; Mumma, M. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Villanueva, G. L.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Landsman, W. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Carter, J. A.; Read, A. M.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
RP Bodewits, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Mailstop 690-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM dennis@astro.umd.edu
RI mumma, michael/I-2764-2013;
OI Bodewits, Dennis/0000-0002-2668-7248
FU US Government [NAG W-2166]; NASA
FX We thank the Swift team for use of Director's Discretionary Time to
observe comet Lulin and for the careful and successful planning of these
observations. The authors thank J. Morgenthaler for helpful discussions
on grism spectroscopy and T. Farnham for valuable suggestions on the
comet tail dynamics. We are grateful for the unpublished gas production
rates provided by D. Schleicher and B. P. Bonev. The Digitized Sky
Survey was produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under US
Government grant NAG W-2166. SOLSTICE is operated from the Laboratory
for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado
in Boulder. We are grateful for the cometary ephemerides of D. K.
Yeomans published at the JPL/Horizons Web site. A NASA postdoctoral
fellowship to D. B. and grants from NASA's Astrobiology Institute and
Planetary Astronomy Program to M. J. M. supported this work.
NR 59
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 141
IS 1
AR 12
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/12
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 694IW
UT WOS:000285291100012
ER
PT J
AU Dodson-Robinson, SE
Beichman, CA
Carpenter, JM
Bryden, G
AF Dodson-Robinson, Sarah E.
Beichman, C. A.
Carpenter, John M.
Bryden, Geoffrey
TI A SPITZER INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH STUDY OF DEBRIS DISKS AROUND PLANET-HOST
STARS
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; Kuiper Belt: general; planetary
systems; planets and satellites: formation
ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; SHORT-PERIOD PLANETS; SUN-LIKE STARS; N2K
CONSORTIUM; GIANT PLANET; HOT JUPITER; CORALIE SURVEY; MIPS SURVEY;
F-DWARF; SEARCH
AB Since giant planets scatter planetesimals within a few tidal radii of their orbits, the locations of existing planetesimal belts indicate regions where giant planet formation failed in bygone protostellar disks. Infrared observations of circumstellar dust produced by colliding planetesimals are therefore powerful probes of the formation histories of known planets. Here we present new Spitzer infrared spectrograph (IRS) spectrophotometry of 111 solar-type stars, including 105 planet hosts. Our observations reveal 11 debris disks, including two previously undetected debris disks orbiting HD 108874 and HD 130322. Combining the 32 mu m spectrophotometry with previously published MIPS photometry, we find that the majority of debris disks around solar-type stars have temperatures in the range 60 less than or similar to T-dust less than or similar to 100 K. Assuming a dust temperature T-dust = 70 K, which is representative of the nine debris disks detected by both IRS and MIPS, debris rings surrounding Sun-like stars orbit between 15 and 240 AU depending on the mean particle size. Our observations imply that the planets detected by radial-velocity searches formed within 240 AU of their parent stars. If any of the debris disks studied here have mostly large, blackbody emitting grains, their companion giant planets must have formed in a narrow region between the ice line and 15 AU.
C1 [Dodson-Robinson, Sarah E.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Beichman, C. A.] CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA.
[Carpenter, John M.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA.
[Bryden, Geoffrey] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Dodson-Robinson, SE (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, 1 Univ Stn C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
EM sdr@astro.as.utexas.edu
FU NASA; UT's College of Natural Sciences; JPL/Caltech; National
Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX Support for S.D.R.'s work at NASA Exoplanet Science Institute was
provided by NASA through the Spitzer Space Telescope Fellowship Program.
S.D.R.'s work at University of Texas was supported by the Dean's
Fellowship program of UT's College of Natural Sciences. J.C. was
partially supported by a contract from JPL/Caltech. S. D. R.
acknowledges input on IRS data reduction from Joel Green. This research
has made use of the following online resources: the SIMBAD database,
VizieR catalogue access tool, and Aladin sky atlas operated at CDS,
Strasbourg, France; the NASA/IPAC/NExScI Star and Exoplanet Database and
the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which are operated by the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and the
Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia at http://exoplanet.eu.
NR 73
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 141
IS 1
AR 11
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/11
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 694IW
UT WOS:000285291100011
ER
PT J
AU Emery, JP
Burr, DM
Cruikshank, DP
AF Emery, J. P.
Burr, D. M.
Cruikshank, D. P.
TI NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF TROJAN ASTEROIDS: EVIDENCE FOR TWO
COMPOSITIONAL GROUPS
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE infrared: planetary systems; Kuiper belt: general; minor planets,
asteroids: individual (Trojan asteroids); techniques: spectroscopic
ID INTERSTELLAR SILICATE MINERALOGY; CHARGED-PARTICLE IRRADIATION;
SOLAR-SYSTEM OBJECTS; LOW-ALBEDO ASTEROIDS; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; JUPITER
TROJANS; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; DYNAMICAL FAMILIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
AB The Trojan asteroids, a very substantial population of primitive bodies trapped in Jupiter's stable Lagrange regions, remain quite poorly understood. Because they occupy these orbits, the physical properties of Trojans provide a unique perspective on the chemical and dynamical processes that shaped the Solar System. The current study was therefore undertaken to investigate surface compositions of these objects. We present 66 new near-infrared (NIR; 0.7-2.5 mu m) spectra of 58 Trojan asteroids, including members of both the leading and trailing swarms. We also include in the analysis previously published NIR spectra of 13 Trojans (3 of which overlap with the new sample). This data set permits not only a direct search for compositional signatures, but also a search for patterns that may reveal clues to the origin of the Trojans. We do not report any confirmed absorption features in the new spectra. Analysis of the spectral slopes, however, reveals an interesting bimodality among the NIR data. The two spectral groups identified appear to be equally abundant in the leading and trailing swarms. The spectral groups are not a result of family membership; they occur in the background, non-family population. The average albedos of the two groups are the same within uncertainties (0.051 +/- 0.016 and 0.055 +/- 0.016). No correlations between spectral slope and any other physical or orbital parameter are detected, with the exception of a possible weak correlation with inclination among the less-red spectral group. The NIR spectral groups are consistent with a similar bimodality previously suggested among visible colors and spectra. Synthesizing the present results with previously published properties of Trojans, we conclude that the two spectral groups represent objects with different intrinsic compositions. We further suggest that whereas the less-red group originated near Jupiter or in the main asteroid belt, the redder spectral group originated farther out in the Solar System. If this suggestion is correct, the Trojan swarms offer the most readily accessible large reservoir of Kuiper Belt material as well as a unique reservoir for the study of material from the middle part of the solar nebula.
C1 [Emery, J. P.; Burr, D. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Emery, J. P.; Burr, D. M.] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Cruikshank, D. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Emery, JP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM jemery2@utk.edu
FU NASA [NNG05GG80G, NNX08AV93G]; National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program
[NNX-08AE38A]
FX We are grateful to John Weirich for assistance with the 2003 observing
run, and the IRTF telescope operators (Dave Griep, Bill Golisch, Paul
Sears, and Eric Volquardsen) for their high spirits and expert help.
This work was conducted by the authors as visiting Astronomer at the
Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of
Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate,
Planetary Astronomy Program. Observation planning was significantly
aided by use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg,
France, and by the Horizons ephemeris computation service, which was
developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, under contract with NASA. This research was supported by
funds from NASA's Planetary Astronomy program (grant nos. NNG05GG80G and
NNX08AV93G). Thorough comments by a diligent reviewer are gratefully
appreciated.
NR 73
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 11
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 141
IS 1
AR 25
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/25
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 694IW
UT WOS:000285291100025
ER
PT J
AU Harker, DE
Woodward, CE
Kelley, MS
Sitko, ML
Wooden, DH
Lynch, DK
Russell, RW
AF Harker, David E.
Woodward, Charles E.
Kelley, Michael S.
Sitko, Michael L.
Wooden, Diane H.
Lynch, David K.
Russell, Ray W.
TI MID-INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC OBSERVATIONS OF FRAGMENTS B AND C OF
COMET 73P/SCHWASSMANN-WACHMANN 3
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE comets: general; comets: individual (73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3);
methods: data analysis
ID INTERSTELLAR SILICATE MINERALOGY; INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTRA;
JUPITER-FAMILY COMETS; HALE-BOPP; SOLAR NEBULA; CRYSTALLINE SILICATES;
DEEP IMPACT; COMPOSITIONAL DEPENDENCE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; KUIPER-BELT
AB We present mid-infrared spectra and images from the Gemini-N (+ Michelle) observations of fragments SW3-[B] and SW3-[C] of the ecliptic (Jupiter family) comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 pre-perihelion. We observed fragment B soon after an outburst event (between 2006 April 16-26 UT) and detected crystalline silicates. The mineralogy of both fragments was dominated by amorphous carbon and amorphous pyroxene. The grain size distribution (assuming a Hanner-modified power law) for fragment SW3-[B] has a peak grain radius of a(p) similar to 0.5 mu m, and for fragment SW3-[C], a(p) similar to 0.3 mu m; both values are larger than the peak grain radius of the size distribution for the dust ejected from ecliptic comet 9P/Tempel 1 during the Deep Impact event (a(p) = 0.2 mu m). The silicate-to-carbon ratio and the silicate crystalline mass fraction for the submicron to micron-sized portion of the grain size distribution on the nucleus of fragment SW3-[B] were 1.34(-0.253)(+ 0.250) and 0.335(-0.1112)(+ 0.089), respectively, while on the nucleus of fragment SW3-[C] they were 0.671(0.076)(+0.076) and 0.257(0.043)(+ 0.039), respectively. The similarity in mineralogy and grain properties between the two fragments implies that 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 is homogeneous in composition. The slight differences in grain size distribution and silicate-to-carbon ratio between the two fragments likely arise because SW3-[B] was actively fragmenting throughout its passage while the activity in SW3-[C] was primarily driven by jets. The lack of diverse mineralogy in the fragments SW3-[B] and SW3-[C] of 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 along with the relatively larger peak in the coma grain size distribution suggests that the parent body of this comet may have formed in a region of the solar nebula with different environmental properties than the natal sites where comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) and 9P/Tempel 1 nuclei aggregated.
C1 [Harker, David E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Woodward, Charles E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Kelley, Michael S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Sitko, Michael L.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Wooden, Diane H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Lynch, David K.] Thule Sci, Topanga, CA 90290 USA.
[Russell, Ray W.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA.
RP Harker, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM dharker@ucsd.edu; chelsea@astro.umn.edu; diane.h.wooden@nasa.gov
OI Harker, David/0000-0001-6397-9082; Kelley, Michael/0000-0002-6702-7676
FU National Science Foundation [AST-0706980]; NASA [RTOP 344-32-21-04,
NNX09AF10G]
FX Data discussed in this paper are based on observations obtained at the
Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities
for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the
NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation
(United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United
Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the
Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministerio da Ciencia e
Tecnologia (Brazil), and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion
Productiva (Argentina). D.E.H. and C.E.W. acknowledge support for this
work from the National Science Foundation grant AST-0706980. D.E.H.,
D.H.W., and C.E.W. also acknowledge partial support for this work from
NASA Planetary Astronomy Grant RTOP 344-32-21-04. M.S.K. acknowledges
support from NASA Planetary Astronomy Grant NNX09AF10G. The authors also
thank the Gemini Observatory staff for their support in conducting these
observations as well as an anonymous referee whose comments improved the
manuscript.
NR 84
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
EI 1538-3881
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 141
IS 1
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/26
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 694IW
UT WOS:000285291100026
ER
PT J
AU Straughn, AN
Kuntschner, H
Kummel, M
Walsh, JR
Cohen, SH
Gardner, JP
Windhorst, RA
O'Connell, RW
Pirzkal, N
Meurer, G
McCarthy, PJ
Hathi, NP
Malhotra, S
Rhoads, J
Balick, B
Bond, HE
Calzetti, D
Disney, MJ
Dopita, MA
Frogel, JA
Hall, DNB
Holtzman, JA
Kimble, RA
Mutchler, M
Paresce, F
Saha, A
Silk, JI
Trauger, JT
Walker, AR
Whitmore, BC
Young, ET
Xu, C
AF Straughn, Amber N.
Kuntschner, Harald
Kuemmel, Martin
Walsh, Jeremy R.
Cohen, Seth H.
Gardner, Jonathan P.
Windhorst, Rogier A.
O'Connell, Robert W.
Pirzkal, Norbert
Meurer, Gerhardt
McCarthy, Patrick J.
Hathi, Nimish P.
Malhotra, Sangeeta
Rhoads, James
Balick, Bruce
Bond, Howard E.
Calzetti, Daniela
Disney, Michael J.
Dopita, Michael A.
Frogel, Jay A.
Hall, Donald N. B.
Holtzman, Jon A.
Kimble, Randy A.
Mutchler, Max
Paresce, Francesco
Saha, Abhijit
Silk, Joseph I.
Trauger, John T.
Walker, Alistair R.
Whitmore, Bradley C.
Young, Erick T.
Xu, Chun
TI HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE WFC3 EARLY RELEASE SCIENCE: EMISSION-LINE
GALAXIES FROM INFRARED GRISM OBSERVATIONS
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE catalogs; galaxies: starburst; techniques: spectroscopic
ID ULTRA-DEEP-FIELD; STAR-FORMATION RATES; GOODS-SOUTH FIELD; FORMING
GALAXIES; STELLAR MASS; TO 7; SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE;
MORPHOLOGIES
AB We present grism spectra of emission-line galaxies (ELGs) from 0.6 to 1.6 mu m from the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope. These new infrared grism data augment previous optical Advanced Camera for Surveys G800L 0.6-0.95 mu m grism data in GOODS-South from the PEARS program, extending the wavelength coverage well past the G800L red cutoff. The Early Release Science (ERS) grism field was observed at a depth of two orbits per grism, yielding spectra of hundreds of faint objects, a subset of which is presented here. ELGs are studied via the H alpha, [O III], and [O II] emission lines detected in the redshift ranges 0.2 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 1.4, 1.2 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 2.2, and 2.0 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 3.3, respectively, in the G102 (0.8-1.1 mu m; R similar or equal to 210) and G141 (1.1-1.6 mu m; R similar or equal to 130) grisms. The higher spectral resolution afforded by the WFC3 grisms also reveals emission lines not detectable with the G800L grism (e. g., [S II] and [S III] lines). From these relatively shallow observations, line luminosities, star formation rates, and grism spectroscopic redshifts are determined for a total of 48 ELGs to m(AB(F098M)) similar or equal to 25 mag. Seventeen GOODS-South galaxies that previously only had photometric redshifts now have new grism-spectroscopic redshifts, in some cases with large corrections to the photometric redshifts (Delta z similar or equal to 0.3-0.5). Additionally, one galaxy had no previously measured redshift but now has a secure grism-spectroscopic redshift, for a total of 18 new GOODS-South spectroscopic redshifts. The faintest source in our sample has a magnitude m(AB(F098M)) = 26.9 mag. The ERS grism data also reflect the expected trend of lower specific star formation rates for the highest mass galaxies in the sample as a function of redshift, consistent with downsizing and discovered previously from large surveys. These results demonstrate the remarkable efficiency and capability of the WFC3 NIR grisms for measuring galaxy properties to faint magnitudes and redshifts to z greater than or similar to 2.
C1 [Straughn, Amber N.; Gardner, Jonathan P.; Kimble, Randy A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kuntschner, Harald; Kuemmel, Martin; Walsh, Jeremy R.] Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Cohen, Seth H.; Windhorst, Rogier A.; Malhotra, Sangeeta; Rhoads, James] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[O'Connell, Robert W.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Pirzkal, Norbert; Bond, Howard E.; Mutchler, Max; Whitmore, Bradley C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Meurer, Gerhardt] Univ Western Australia, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
[McCarthy, Patrick J.] Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
[Hathi, Nimish P.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
[Balick, Bruce] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Calzetti, Daniela] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Disney, Michael J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales.
[Dopita, Michael A.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia.
[Frogel, Jay A.] Assoc Univ Res Astron, Washington, DC 20005 USA.
[Hall, Donald N. B.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Holtzman, Jon A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
[Paresce, Francesco] INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
[Saha, Abhijit] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA.
[Silk, Joseph I.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
[Trauger, John T.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Walker, Alistair R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile.
[Young, Erick T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Xu, Chun] Shanghai Inst Tech Phys, Shanghai 200083, Peoples R China.
RP Straughn, AN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM amber.n.straughn@nasa.gov
RI Dopita, Michael/P-5413-2014; Hathi, Nimish/J-7092-2014;
OI Dopita, Michael/0000-0003-0922-4986; Hathi, Nimish/0000-0001-6145-5090;
Kuntschner, Harald/0000-0002-2768-1198; silk, joe/0000-0002-1566-8148
FU NASA
FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the NASA
Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak
Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA (A.N.S.).
This paper is based on Early Release Science observations made by the
WFC3 Scientific Oversight Committee. We thank the anonymous referee for
suggestions which improved the paper. We are grateful to the Director of
the Space Telescope Science Institute for awarding Director's
Discretionary time for this program. Finally, we are deeply indebted to
the brave astronauts of STS-125 for rejuvenating HST.
NR 61
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
EI 1538-3881
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 141
IS 1
AR 14
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/14
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 694IW
UT WOS:000285291100014
ER
PT J
AU Teplitz, HI
Chary, R
Elbaz, D
Dickinson, M
Bridge, C
Colbert, J
Le Floc'h, E
Frayer, DT
Howell, JH
Koo, DC
Papovich, C
Phillips, A
Scarlata, C
Siana, B
Spinrad, H
Stern, D
AF Teplitz, Harry I.
Chary, Ranga
Elbaz, David
Dickinson, Mark
Bridge, Carrie
Colbert, James
Le Floc'h, Emeric
Frayer, David T.
Howell, Justin H.
Koo, David C.
Papovich, Casey
Phillips, Andrew
Scarlata, Claudia
Siana, Brian
Spinrad, Hyron
Stern, Daniel
TI SPITZER INFRARED SPECTROMETER 16 mu m OBSERVATIONS OF THE GOODS FIELDS
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift;
infrared: galaxies
ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; EXTRAGALACTIC SOURCE COUNTS;
GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; X-RAY SOURCES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION;
SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; SPECTROGRAPH IRS; SOURCE CATALOGS
AB We present Spitzer 16 mu m imaging of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) fields. We survey 150 arcmin(2) in each of the two GOODS fields (North and South), to an average 3 sigma depth of 40 and 65 mu Jy, respectively. We detect similar to 1300 sources in both fields combined. We validate the photometry using the 3-24 mu m spectral energy distribution of stars in the fields compared to Spitzer spectroscopic templates. Comparison with ISOCAM and AKARI observations in the same fields shows reasonable agreement, though the uncertainties are large. We provide a catalog of photometry, with sources cross-correlated with available Spitzer, Chandra, and Hubble Space Telescope data. Galaxy number counts show good agreement with previous results from ISOCAM and AKARI with improved uncertainties. We examine the 16-24 mu m flux ratio and find that for most sources it lies within the expected locus for starbursts and infrared luminous galaxies. A color cut of S-16/S-24 > 1.4 selects mostly sources which lie at 1.1 < z < 1.6, where the 24 mu m passband contains both the redshifted 9.7 mu m silicate absorption and the minimum between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission peaks. We measure the integrated galaxy light of 16 mu m sources and find a lower limit on the galaxy contribution to the extragalactic background light at this wavelength to be 2.2 +/- 0.2 nW m(-2) sr(-1).
C1 [Teplitz, Harry I.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Chary, Ranga] CALTECH, US Planck Data Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Elbaz, David; Le Floc'h, Emeric] CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Dickinson, Mark] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Bridge, Carrie; Howell, Justin H.; Siana, Brian] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Colbert, James; Scarlata, Claudia] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Frayer, David T.] NRAO, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA.
[Koo, David C.; Phillips, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Papovich, Casey] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Spinrad, Hyron] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Teplitz, HI (reprint author), CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM hit@ipac.caltech.edu
FU NASA [1407]
FX This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space
Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology under NASA contract 1407. Support for
this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech.
This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive
(IRSA), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration.
NR 97
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
EI 1538-3881
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 141
IS 1
AR 1
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/141/1/1
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 694IW
UT WOS:000285291100001
ER
PT B
AU Potter, S
Buckley, D
O'Donoghue, D
O'Connor, J
Fourie, P
Evans, G
Sass, C
Crause, L
Butters, O
Norton, A
Mukai, K
Stil, M
AF Potter, Stephen
Buckley, David
O'Donoghue, Darragh
O'Connor, James
Fourie, Piet
Evans, Geoff
Sass, Craig
Crause, Lisa
Butters, Olly
Norton, Andrew
Mukai, Koji
Stil, Martin
BE Bastien, P
Manset, N
Clemens, DP
StLouis, N
TI First Science Results from the High Speed SAAO Photo-polarimeter
SO ASTRONOMICAL POLARIMETRY 2008: SCIENCE FROM SMALL TO LARGE TELESCOPES
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Astronomical Polarimetry 2008 - Science from Small to
Large Telescopes
CY JUL 06-11, 2008
CL La Malbaie, CANADA
SP Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Univ Montreal, Fac Arts & Sci, Ctr Rech Astrophys Quebec
AB We report on the completion of a new 2 channel, HIgh speed Photo-POlarimeter (HIPPO) to be used on the 1.9 m optical telescope of the South African Astronomical Observatory. The instrument makes use of rapidly counter-rotating (10 Hz), super-achromatic half and quarter wave-plates, a fixed Clan-Thompson beamsplitter and two photo-multiplier tubes that record the modulated 0 and E beams. Each modulated beam permits an independent measurement of the polarization and therefore the capability of simultaneous 2 filter observations. All Stokes parameters are recorded every 0.1 s and photometry every 1 ms. Post-binning of data is possible in order to improve the signal. This is ideal for measuring, e.g., the rapid variability of the optical polarization from magnetic Cataclysmic Variable stars (mCVs). We will present our first science results made in February 2008. Specifically the discovery of short quasi-periodic similar to 3-5 minutes) variations in the circular polarized emissions from the recently discovered mCV candidate ICRJ14536-5522.
C1 [Potter, Stephen; Buckley, David; O'Donoghue, Darragh; O'Connor, James; Fourie, Piet; Evans, Geoff; Sass, Craig; Crause, Lisa] S African Astron Observ, POB 9, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa.
[Butters, Olly; Norton, Andrew] Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
[Mukai, Koji] NASA GSFC, CRESST, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Mukai, Koji] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Stil, Martin] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
RP Potter, S (reprint author), S African Astron Observ, POB 9, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa.
EM sbp@saao.ac.za
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-780-3
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2011
VL 449
BP 27
EP +
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BBY34
UT WOS:000308674100005
ER
PT B
AU Hinderks, JR
Ade, P
Bock, J
Bowden, M
Brown, ML
Cahil, G
Carlstrom, JE
Castro, PG
Church, S
Culverhouse, T
Friedman, R
Ganga, K
Gear, WK
Gupta, S
Harris, J
Haynes, V
Kovac, J
Lange, AE
Leitch, E
Mallie, OE
Melhuish, S
Memari, Y
Murphy, A
Orlando, A
Schwarz, R
O'Sullivan, C
Piccirillo, L
Pryke, C
Rajguru, N
Rusholme, B
Taylor, AN
Thompson, KL
Tucker, C
Turner, AH
Wu, EYS
Zemcov, M
AF Hinderks, J. R.
Ade, P.
Bock, J.
Bowden, M.
Brown, M. L.
Cahil, G.
Carlstrom, J. E.
Castro, P. G.
Church, S.
Culverhouse, T.
Friedman, R.
Ganga, K.
Gear, W. K.
Gupta, S.
Harris, J.
Haynes, V.
Kovac, J.
Lange, A. E.
Leitch, E.
Mallie, O. E.
Melhuish, S.
Memari, Y.
Murphy, A.
Orlando, A.
Schwarz, R.
O'Sullivan, C.
Piccirillo, L.
Pryke, C.
Rajguru, N.
Rusholme, B.
Taylor, A. N.
Thompson, K. L.
Tucker, C.
Turner, A. H.
Wu, E. Y. S.
Zemcov, M.
BE Bastien, P
Manset, N
Clemens, DP
StLouis, N
TI Polarization Calibration of the QUaD Experiment
SO ASTRONOMICAL POLARIMETRY 2008: SCIENCE FROM SMALL TO LARGE TELESCOPES
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Astronomical Polarimetry 2008 - Science from Small to
Large Telescopes
CY JUL 06-11, 2008
CL La Malbaie, CANADA
SP Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Univ Montreal, Fac Arts & Sci, Ctr Rech Astrophys Quebec
ID POWER SPECTRA; TEMPERATURE
AB We describe the polarization calibration of the QUaD experiment, including determination of the polarization efficiency of the detectors and their orientation angles. QUaD is a millimeter-wavelength polarimeter that observed the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) from a site at the South Pole. The experiment comprises a 2.64 m Cassegrain telescope equipped with a cryogenically cooled receiver containing an array of 62 polarization-sensitive bolometers. The focal plane contains pixels at two different frequency bands, 100 GHz and 150 GHz, with angular resolutions of 5' and 3.'5, respectively. The high angular resolution allows observation of CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies over a wide range of scales. The instrument commenced operation in early 2005 and collected science data during three successive Austral winter seasons of observation.
C1 [Hinderks, J. R.; Bowden, M.; Church, S.; Rusholme, B.; Thompson, K. L.; Wu, E. Y. S.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Hinderks, J. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Ade, P.; Gear, W. K.; Gupta, S.; Harris, J.; Haynes, V.; Mallie, O. E.; Melhuish, S.; Orlando, A.; Piccirillo, L.; Tucker, C.; Turner, A. H.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales.
[Bock, J.; Kovac, J.; Leitch, E.; Rusholme, B.; Zemcov, M.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Bock, J.; Kovac, J.; Lange, A. E.; Leitch, E.; Orlando, A.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Brown, M. L.; Memari, Y.; Taylor, A. N.] Univ Edinburgh, Astron Inst, Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Brown, M. L.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England.
[Cahil, G.; Murphy, A.; O'Sullivan, C.] Natl Univ Ireland, Expt Phys, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland.
[Carlstrom, J. E.; Culverhouse, T.; Friedman, R.; Schwarz, R.; Pryke, C.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Castro, P. G.] Univ Tecnica Lisboa, CENTRA, Inst Super Tecn, Dept Fis, Lisbon 1049001, Portugal.
[Ganga, K.] CNRS, Lab APC, F-75205 Paris 13, France.
[Haynes, V.; Melhuish, S.; Piccirillo, L.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Rajguru, N.] Univ London Univ Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England.
RP Hinderks, JR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM james.r.hinderks@nasa.gov
RI Melhuish, Simon/B-1299-2016
OI Melhuish, Simon/0000-0001-8725-4991
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-780-3
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2011
VL 449
BP 63
EP +
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BBY34
UT WOS:000308674100010
ER
PT B
AU Shinnaga, H
Dowell, CD
Vaillancourt, J
Phillips, TG
Attard, M
Hildebrand, R
Houde, M
Kirby, L
Krejny, M
Leeuw, L
Li, HB
Novak, G
Davidson, J
AF Shinnaga, Hiroko
Dowell, C. Darren
Vaillancourt, John
Phillips, Thomas G.
Attard, Michael
Hildebrand, Roger
Houde, Martin
Kirby, Larry
Krejny, Megan
Leeuw, Lerothodi
Li, Huabai
Novak, Giles
Davidson, Jackie
BE Bastien, P
Manset, N
Clemens, DP
StLouis, N
TI Magnetic Fields in An Isolated Rotating Massive Dense Clump
SO ASTRONOMICAL POLARIMETRY 2008: SCIENCE FROM SMALL TO LARGE TELESCOPES
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Astronomical Polarimetry 2008 - Science from Small to
Large Telescopes
CY JUL 06-11, 2008
CL La Malbaie, CANADA
SP Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Univ Montreal, Fac Arts & Sci, Ctr Rech Astrophys Quebec
ID IRAS 20126+4104; JET
AB We measured polarized dust emission at 350 mu m towards an isolated rotating massive dense clump using the SHARC II Polarimeter, SHARP, with the 10.4 meter Leighton telescope at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. The rotating (2 km s(-1)pc(-1)) massive (200 M-circle dot) dense clump hosts the early B-type (proto)star, IRAS 20126+4104, at the center of the clump. We present the magnetic field structures in the massive dense clump measured at submillimeter wavelengths and discuss the relations with the physical properties of the clump including rotation, infall, and outflow.
C1 [Shinnaga, Hiroko] CALTECH, Submillimeter Observ, 111 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
[Dowell, C. Darren; Vaillancourt, John; Phillips, Thomas G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Dowell, C. Darren] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Attard, Michael; Houde, Martin] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
[Hildebrand, Roger; Kirby, Larry] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Krejny, Megan; Novak, Giles] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Leeuw, Lerothodi] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Li, Huabai] Hardvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Davidson, Jackie] Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
RP Shinnaga, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Submillimeter Observ, 111 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
EM shinnaga@submm.caltech.edu; johnv@submm.caltech.edu; mattard@uwo.ca;
houde@astro.uwo.ca; megan@lennon.astro.northwestern.edu;
g-novak@northwestern.edu
FU NSF [AST-0540882, AST 02-41356, AST 05-05230, AST 05-05124]; NSERC
Discovery Grant; Canada Research Chair; Canada Foundation for
Innovation, Ontario Innovation Trust, and Western's Academic Development
Fund program
FX This research has been supported by NSF grant AST-0540882 to the Caltech
Submillimeter Observatory. MA and MH are supported by the NSERC
Discovery Grant, Canada Research Chair, Canada Foundation for
Innovation, Ontario Innovation Trust, and Westerns Academic Development
Fund program. SHARP has been supported by NSF grants AST 02-41356, AST
05-05230, and AST 05-05124.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-780-3
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2011
VL 449
BP 111
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BBY34
UT WOS:000308674100020
ER
PT J
AU Bouwman, J
Mattioda, AL
Linnartz, H
Allamandola, LJ
AF Bouwman, J.
Mattioda, A. L.
Linnartz, H.
Allamandola, L. J.
TI Photochemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cosmic water ice
I. Mid-IR spectroscopy and photoproducts
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE astrochemistry; molecular processes; methods: laboratory; techniques:
spectroscopic; infrared: ISM; ISM: abundances
ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MIDINFRARED LABORATORY SPECTRA; ORGANIC
REFRACTORY MATERIAL; INFRARED-EMISSION BANDS; H2O INTERSTELLAR ICE;
ABSORPTION FEATURES; ASTROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOLYSIS;
EMBEDDED PROTOSTARS; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA
AB Context. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to be abundantly present in photon-dominated regions (PDRs), as evidenced by their ubiquitous mid-IR emission bands. Towards dense clouds, however, their IR emission bands are strongly suppressed. It is here where molecules are known to reside on very cold grains (T <= 30 K) in the form of interstellar ices. Therefore, it is likely that non-volatile species, such as PAHs, also freeze out on grains. Such icy grains act as catalytic sites and, upon vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation, chemical reactions are initiated. In the study presented here, these reactions and the resulting photoproducts are investigated for PAH containing water ices.
Aims. The aim of this work is to monitor vacuum ultraviolet induced chemical reactions of PAHs in cosmic ice through their IR signatures, to characterize the families of species formed in these reactions, and to apply the results to astronomical observations.
Methods. Mid-infrared Fourier transform absorption spectroscopic measurements ranging from 6500 to 450 cm(-1) are performed on freshly deposited and vacuum ultraviolet processed PAH containing cosmic H2O ices at low temperatures.
Results. The mid-IR spectroscopy of anthracene, pyrene and benzo[ghi]perylene containing H2O ice is reported. Band strengths of the neutral PAH modes in H2O ice are derived. Additionally, spectra of vacuum ultraviolet processed PAH containing H2O ices are presented. These spectra are compared to spectra measured in VUV processed PAH: argon matrix isolation studies. It is concluded that the parent PAH species is ionized in H2O ice and that other photoproducts, mainly more complex PAH derivatives, also form. The importance of PAHs and their PAH:H2O photoproducts in astronomical mid-infrared spectroscopic studies, in particular in the 5-8 mu m region, is discussed. As a test-case, the VUV photolyzed PAH:H2O laboratory spectra are compared to a high resolution ISO-SWS spectrum of the high-mass embedded protostar W33A and to a Spitzer spectrum of the low-mass Young Stellar Object (YSO) RNO 91. For these objects, an upper limit of 2-3% with respect to H2O ice is derived for the contribution of PAHs and PAH: H2O photoproducts to the absorbance in the 5-8 mu m region towards these objects.
C1 [Bouwman, J.; Linnartz, H.] Leiden Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Lab Astrophys, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
[Mattioda, A. L.; Allamandola, L. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Bouwman, J (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Lab Astrophys, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
EM bouwman@strw.leidenuniv.nl
FU NASA; "Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence" (SETI) institute;
European Community [FP7/2007-2013, 238258]
FX The authors thank J. V. Keane (ISO-SWS, W33A) and A. C. A. Boogert
(Spitzer, RNO 91) for placing the observational spectra at our disposal.
This work is financially supported by NASA's Laboratory Astrophysics and
Astrobiology Programs, "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der
Materie" (FOM), and "the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy"
(NOVA). J. Bouwman gratefully acknowledges the "Search for
Extraterrestrial Intelligence" (SETI) institute for financial support.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the
[European Community's] Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under
grant agreement no [238258].
NR 70
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 5
U2 27
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A93
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015059
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700076
ER
PT J
AU Farinelli, R
Titarchuk, L
AF Farinelli, R.
Titarchuk, L.
TI On the stability of the thermal Comptonization index in neutron star
low-mass X-ray binaries in their different spectral states
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries; accretion, accretion disks; radiative
transfer
ID OSCILLATION FREQUENCY CORRELATION; QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS;
BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; BEPPOSAX OBSERVATIONS;
ACCRETION DISKS; SCORPIUS X-1; MONTE-CARLO; CYGNUS X-2; EMISSION
AB Context. Most of the spectra of neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (NS LMXBs), whether they are persistent or transient, are characterized by the presence of a strong thermal Comptonization bump, which is thought to originate in the transition layer (TL) between the accretion disk and the NS surface. The observable quantities that characterize this component, which is dominating the emission below 30 keV, are the spectral index alpha and the rollover energy, both related to the electron temperature and optical depth of the plasma.
Aims. Starting from observational results on a sample of NS LMXBs in different spectral states, we formulate the problem of X-ray spectral formation in the TL of these sources. We predict a stability of the thermal Comptonization spectral index in different spectral states if the energy release in the TL is much higher than the intercepted flux coming from the accretion disk.
Methods. We use an equation for the energy balance and the radiative transfer diffusion equation for a slab geometry in the TL to derive a formula for the thermal Comptonization index alpha. We show that in this approximation the TL electron temperature kT(e) and optical depth tau(0) can be written as a function of the energy flux from the disk intercepted by the corona (TL) and that in the corona itself, Q(disk)/Q(cor). Because the spectral index a depends on kT(e) and tau(0), this in turn leads to a relation alpha = f (Q(disk)/Q(cor)), with alpha similar to 1 when Q(disk)/Q(cor) << 1.
Results. We show that the observed spectral index a for the sample of sources here considered lies in a belt around 1 +/- 0.2 apart for the case of GX 354-0. Comparing our theoretical predictions with observations, we claim that this result, which is consistent with the condition Q(disk)/Q(cor) << 1, can give us constraints on the accretion geometry of these systems, an issue that seems difficult to be solved with only the spectral analysis method.
C1 [Farinelli, R.; Titarchuk, L.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
[Titarchuk, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Titarchuk, L.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Titarchuk, L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
RP Farinelli, R (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, Via Saragat 1, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
EM farinelli@fe.infn.it
FU Italian PRIN-INAF
FX The authors are grateful to the referee whose suggestions greatly
improved the quality of the paper with respect to the first version.
This work was supported by grant from Italian PRIN-INAF 2007, "Bulk
motion Comptonization models in X-ray Binaries: from phenomenology to
physics", PI M. Cocchi.
NR 39
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A102
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014808
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700049
ER
PT J
AU Furst, F
Kreykenbohm, I
Suchy, S
Barragan, L
Wilms, J
Rothschild, RE
Pottschmidt, K
AF Fuerst, F.
Kreykenbohm, I.
Suchy, S.
Barragan, L.
Wilms, J.
Rothschild, R. E.
Pottschmidt, K.
TI 4U 1909+07: a well-hidden pearl
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion, accretion disks; X-rays: binaries; stars: neutron
ID X-RAY SOURCES; NEUTRON-STARS; TIMING-EXPLORER; SPECTRAL FORMATION;
ACCRETION COLUMNS; UHURU CATALOG; PULSARS; BINARY; PERIOD; X1908+075
AB We present the first detailed spectral and timing analysis of the high mass X-ray binary (HMXB) 4U1909+07 with INTEGRAL and RXTE. 4U1909+07 is detected in the ISGRI 20-40 keV energy band with an average countrate of 2.6 cts s(-1). The pulse period of similar to 604 s is not stable, but changing erratically on timescales of years. The pulse profile is strongly energy dependent: it shows a double peaked structure at low energies, the secondary pulse decreases rapidly with increasing energy and above 20 keV only the primary pulse is visible. This evolution is consistent between PCA, HEXTE, and ISGRI. The phase averaged spectrum can be well described by the sum of a photoabsorbed power law with a cutoff at high energies and a blackbody component. To investigate the pulse profile, we performed phase resolved spectral analysis. We find that the changing spectrum can be best described with a variation of the folding energy. We rule out a correlation between the black body component and the continuum variation and discuss possible accretion geometries.
C1 [Fuerst, F.; Kreykenbohm, I.; Barragan, L.; Wilms, J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Sternwarte, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany.
[Fuerst, F.; Kreykenbohm, I.; Barragan, L.; Wilms, J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany.
[Suchy, S.; Rothschild, R. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Pottschmidt, K.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Pottschmidt, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Pottschmidt, K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Furst, F (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Sternwarte, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany.
EM felix.fuerst@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de
RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; Kreykenbohm, Ingo/H-9659-2013
OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; Kreykenbohm, Ingo/0000-0001-7335-1803
FU Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie through DLR [50OR0808];
European Commission [ITN215212]; ESA member states; DAAD
FX We thank the anonymous referee for her/his useful comments. This work
was supported by the Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie
through DLR grant 50OR0808 and via a DAAD fellowship. This work has been
partially funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework
Program under contract ITN215212. F. F. thanks the colleagues at UCSD
and GSFC for their hospitality. This research has made use of NASA's
Astrophysics Data System. This work is based on observations with
INTEGRAL, an ESA project with instruments and science data centre funded
by ESA member states (especially the PI countries: Denmark, France,
Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Spain), Czech Republic and Poland, and with
the participation of Russia and the USA. For this work we used the ISIS
software package provided by MIT. We especially like to thank J. C.
Houck and J. E. Davis for their restless work to improve ISIS and
S-Lang.
NR 39
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A73
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015636
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700140
ER
PT J
AU Gillon, M
Bonfils, X
Demory, BO
Seager, S
Deming, D
Triaud, AHMJ
AF Gillon, M.
Bonfils, X.
Demory, B. -O.
Seager, S.
Deming, D.
Triaud, A. H. M. J.
TI An educated search for transiting habitable planets: (Research Note)
Targetting M dwarfs with known transiting planets
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE astrobiology; binaries: eclipsing; planetary systems; stars: individual:
GJ 1214; techniques: photometric
ID LIGHT-CURVE; RADIUS; STAR; PARAMETERS; PHOTOMETRY; EMISSION; WASP-4B;
MISSION
AB Because the planets of a system form in a flattened disk, they are expected to share similar orbital inclinations at the end of their formation. The high-precision photometric monitoring of stars known to host a transiting planet could thus reveal the transits of one or more other planets. We investigate here the potential of this approach for the M dwarf GJ 1214 that hosts a transiting super-Earth. For this system, we infer the transit probabilities as a function of orbital periods. Using Monte-Carlo simulations we address both the cases for fully coplanar and for non-coplanar orbits, with three different choices of inclinations distribution for the non-coplanar case. GJ 1214 reveals to be a very promising target for the considered approach. Because of its small size, a ground-based photometric monitoring of this star could detect the transit of a habitable planet as small as the Earth, while a space-based monitoring could detect any transiting habitable planet down to the size of Mars. The mass measurement of such a small planet would be out of reach for current facilities, but we emphasize that a planet mass would not be needed to confirm the planetary nature of the transiting object. Furthermore, the radius measurement combined with theoretical arguments would help us to constrain the structure of the planet.
C1 [Gillon, M.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
[Gillon, M.; Bonfils, X.; Demory, B. -O.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland.
[Bonfils, X.] Univ Grenoble 1, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Lab Astrophys Grenoble LAOG, UMR 5571, F-38041 Grenoble 09, France.
[Demory, B. -O.; Seager, S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Deming, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Gillon, M (reprint author), Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Allee 6 Aout 17,Bat B5C, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
EM michael.gillon@ulg.ac.be
FU Belgian Science Policy Office; Swiss Fond National de la Recherche
Scientifique
FX M. Gillon is a FNRS Research Associate, and acknowledges support from
the Belgian Science Policy Office in the form of a Return Grant.
A.H.M.J. Triaud researches are funded by the Swiss Fond National de la
Recherche Scientifique. The authors thank Justin Crepp for having
spotted an error in an equation in the first version of this manuscript.
The anonymous referee is acknowledged for his valuable report. Last but
not least, we sincerely thank NASA for believing in the idea proposed
here and for having accepted our Spitzer GO-7 program of 485 h of
continuous observation of GJ 1214.
NR 31
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A32
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014239
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700027
ER
PT J
AU Hekker, S
Elsworth, Y
De Ridder, J
Mosser, B
Garcia, RA
Kallinger, T
Mathur, S
Huber, D
Buzasi, DL
Preston, HL
Hale, SJ
Ballot, J
Chaplin, WJ
Regulo, C
Bedding, TR
Stello, D
Borucki, WJ
Koch, DG
Jenkins, J
Allen, C
Gilliland, RL
Kjeldsen, H
Christensen-Dalsgaard, J
AF Hekker, S.
Elsworth, Y.
De Ridder, J.
Mosser, B.
Garcia, R. A.
Kallinger, T.
Mathur, S.
Huber, D.
Buzasi, D. L.
Preston, H. L.
Hale, S. J.
Ballot, J.
Chaplin, W. J.
Regulo, C.
Bedding, T. R.
Stello, D.
Borucki, W. J.
Koch, D. G.
Jenkins, J.
Allen, C.
Gilliland, R. L.
Kjeldsen, H.
Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
TI Solar-like oscillations in red giants observed with Kepler: comparison
of global oscillation parameters from different methods
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE asteroseismology; stars: late-type; methods: observational; techniques:
photometric
ID 1ST 4 MONTHS; COROT; STARS; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; PHOTOMETRY
AB Context. The large number of stars for which uninterrupted high-precision photometric timeseries data are being collected with Kepler and CoRoT initiated the development of automated methods to analyse the stochastically excited oscillations in main-sequence, subgiant and red-giant stars.
Aims. We investigate the differences in results for global oscillation parameters of G and K red-giant stars due to different methods and definitions. We also investigate uncertainties originating from the stochastic nature of the oscillations.
Methods. For this investigation we use Kepler data obtained during the first four months of operation. These data have been analysed by different groups using already published methods and the results are compared. We also performed simulations to investigate the uncertainty on the resulting parameters due to different realizations of the stochastic signal.
Results. We obtain results for the frequency of maximum oscillation power (nu(max)) and the mean large separation () from different methods for over one thousand red-giant stars. The results for these parameters agree within a few percent and seem therefore robust to the different analysis methods and definitions used here. The uncertainties for nu(max) and due to differences in realization noise are not negligible and should be taken into account when using these results for stellar modelling.
C1 [Hekker, S.; Elsworth, Y.; Hale, S. J.; Chaplin, W. J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
[De Ridder, J.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
[Mosser, B.] Univ Paris 07, Observ Paris, Univ Paris 06, LESIA,UMR8109, F-92195 Meudon, France.
[Garcia, R. A.] Univ Paris 07, IRFU SAp, Ctr Saclay, Lab AIM,CEA,DSM CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Kallinger, T.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
[Kallinger, T.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria.
[Mathur, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Huber, D.; Bedding, T. R.; Stello, D.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron SIfA, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
[Buzasi, D. L.; Preston, H. L.] Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 94602 USA.
[Preston, H. L.] Univ S Africa, Dept Math Sci, ZA-0003 Unisa, South Africa.
[Ballot, J.] Univ Toulouse, Lab Astrophys Toulouse Tarbes, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Regulo, C.] Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain.
[Regulo, C.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38205, Spain.
[Jenkins, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Allen, C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Orbital Sci Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Gilliland, R. L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Kjeldsen, H.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
RP Hekker, S (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
EM saskia@bison.ph.bham.ac.uk
RI Ballot, Jerome/G-1019-2010; Hale, Steven/E-3472-2015; Jenkins,
James/I-5284-2016;
OI Hale, Steven/0000-0002-6402-8382; Kallinger, Thomas/0000-0003-3627-2561;
Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-8854-3776
FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate; UK Science and Technology Facilities
Council (STFC); European Research Council under the European Community
[FP7/2007-2013, 227224]; Research Council of K.U.Leuven [GOA/2008/04];
US National Science Foundation; Astronomical Society of Australia (ASA)
FX Funding for the Kepler Mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission
Directorate. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Kepler Science Team
and all those who have contributed to making the Kepler Mission
possible. S.H., Y.E., S.J.H. and W.J.C. acknowledge financial support
from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). The
research leading to these results has received funding from the European
Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework
Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no227224 (PROSPERITY), as
well as from the Research Council of K.U.Leuven grant agreement
GOA/2008/04. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is a federally
funded research and development center sponsored by the US National
Science Foundation. D.H. acknowledges support by the Astronomical
Society of Australia (ASA).
NR 29
TC 55
Z9 55
U1 1
U2 3
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A131
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015185
PG 31
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700081
ER
PT J
AU Licandro, J
Campins, H
Kelley, M
Hargrove, K
Pinilla-Alonso, N
Cruikshank, D
Rivkin, AS
Emery, J
AF Licandro, J.
Campins, H.
Kelley, M.
Hargrove, K.
Pinilla-Alonso, N.
Cruikshank, D.
Rivkin, A. S.
Emery, J.
TI (65) Cybele: detection of small silicate grains, water-ice, and organics
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE minor planets, asteroids: general; minor planets, asteroids: individual:
(65) Cybele; comets: general; methods: observational; techniques:
spectroscopic
ID TROJAN ASTEROIDS; RADIOMETRIC DIAMETERS; SURFACE-COMPOSITION;
THERMAL-MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; BELT; SPECTROGRAPH; CONSTRAINTS;
PALLAS
AB Context. (65) Cybele is the most representative member of a population of primitive asteroids in the outer edge of the main belt, the Cybele asteroids. Recent dynamical models suggest that a significant fraction of them originated in the primordial transneptunian disk, so the study of the physical properties of these asteroids is potentially a useful test of these models.
Aims. Our aim is to obtain information on the surface composition of this asteroid. In particular we want to obtain information on the composition and properties of the regolith and the possible presence of ices and organic materials.
Methods. We present 2-4 mu m and 5-14 mu m spectroscopy of (65) Cybele obtained with the NASA IRTF telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope respectively. We compare the results with spectra of Trojan asteroids and asteroid (24) Themis. We analyze the 2-4 mu m spectrum using scattering models and we apply thermal models to the 5-14 mu m data.
Results. The 2-4 mu m spectrum of (65) Cybele presents an absorption band centered at similar to 3.1 mu m and more weaker bands in the 3.2-3.6 mu m region, very similar to those observed in (24) Themis. No hydrated silicates are detected. From the spectrum in the 5-14 mu m region an effective diameter D = 290 +/- 5 km, a beaming paramete eta = 0.967 +/- 0.014, and a geometric visible albedo pV = 0.05 +/- 0.01 are derived using the NEATM thermal model. The emisivity spectrum in the 5-14 mu m range exhibits an emission plateau at about 9 to 12 mu m with an spectral contrast of similar to 5%. This emission is similar to that of Trojan asteroids and active comets and may be due to small silicate grains being imbedded in a relatively transparent matrix, or to a very under-dense (fairy-castle) surface structure. The lower amplitude of the silicate emission in Cybele's spectrum with respect to that of Trojan asteroids could be attributed to larger dust particles and/or a slightly denser structure.
Conclusions. The surface of (65) Cybele is covered by a fine anhydrous silicate grains mantle, with a small amount of water ice and complex organic solids. This is similar to comet surface where non-equilibrium phases coexist. The presence of water-ice and anhydrous silicates is indicative that hydration did not happened or is incomplete, suggesting that the temperatures were always sufficiently low.
C1 [Licandro, J.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain.
[Licandro, J.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife 38205, Spain.
[Campins, H.; Hargrove, K.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Kelley, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Cruikshank, D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Rivkin, A. S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Emery, J.] Univ Tennessee, Earth & Planetary Sci Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Licandro, J (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, C Via Lactea S-N, Tenerife 38200, Spain.
EM jlicandr@iac.es
RI Rivkin, Andrew/B-7744-2016;
OI Rivkin, Andrew/0000-0002-9939-9976; Kelley, Michael/0000-0002-6702-7676
FU spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" (MICINN)
[AYA2008-06202-C03-02, CSD2006-00070]; NASA Spitzer Science Center, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory; NASA at the Ames Research Center; NASA
FX We thanks Dr. Antonella Barucci for her comments on the manuscript. J.
L. gratefully acknowledges support from the spanish "Ministerio de
Ciencia e Innovacion" (MICINN) project AYA2008-06202-C03-02. H. C.
gratefully acknowledges support from NASA Spitzer Science Center, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory and Planetary Astronomy program. This research was
partially funded by the MICINN through CSD2006-00070. N. P. acknowledges
support from the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center,
administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract
with NASA.
NR 48
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 11
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A34
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015339
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700102
ER
PT J
AU Muller, TG
Durech, J
Hasegawa, S
Abe, M
Kawakami, K
Kasuga, T
Kinoshita, D
Kuroda, D
Urakawa, S
Okumura, S
Sarugaku, Y
Miyasaka, S
Takagi, Y
Weissman, PR
Choi, YJ
Larson, S
Yanagisawa, K
Nagayama, S
AF Mueller, T. G.
Durech, J.
Hasegawa, S.
Abe, M.
Kawakami, K.
Kasuga, T.
Kinoshita, D.
Kuroda, D.
Urakawa, S.
Okumura, S.
Sarugaku, Y.
Miyasaka, S.
Takagi, Y.
Weissman, P. R.
Choi, Y-J
Larson, S.
Yanagisawa, K.
Nagayama, S.
TI Thermo-physical properties of 162173 (1999 JU3), a potential flyby and
rendezvous target for interplanetary missions
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE minor planets, asteroids: individual: 162173 (1999 JU3); radiation
mechanisms: thermal; techniques: photometric; infrared: planetary
systems
ID INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; ASTEROIDS; STANDARDS; HAYABUSA; ITOKAWA; SHAPE
AB Context. Near-Earth asteroid 162173 (1999 JU3) is a potential flyby and rendezvous target for interplanetary missions because of its easy-to-reach orbit. The physical and thermal properties of the asteroid are relevant for establishing the scientific mission goals and also important in the context of near-Earth object studies in general.
Aims. Our goal was to derive key physical parameters such as shape, spin-vector, size, geometric albedo, and surface properties of 162173 (1999 JU3).
Methods. With three sets of published thermal observations (ground-based N-band, Akari IRC, Spitzer IRS), we applied a thermophysical model to derive the radiometric properties of the asteroid. The calculations were performed for the full range of possible shape and spin-vector solutions derived from the available sample of visual lightcurve observations.
Results. The near-Earth asteroid 162173 (1999 JU3) has an effective diameter of 0.87 +/- 0.03 km and a geometric albedo of 0.070 +/- 0.006. The chi(2)-test reveals a strong preference for a retrograde sense of rotation with a spin-axis orientation of lambda(ecl) = 73 degrees, beta(ecl) = -62 degrees and P-sid = 7.63 +/- 0.01 h. The most likely thermal inertia ranges between 200 and 600 Jm(-2) s(-0.5) K-1, about a factor of 2 lower than the value for 25143 Itokawa. This indicates that the surface lies somewhere between a thick-dust regolith and a rock/boulder/cm-sized, gravel-dominated surface like that of 25143 Itokawa. Our analysis represents the first time that shape and spin-vector information has been derived from a combined data set of visual lightcurves (reflected light) and mid-infrared photometry and spectroscopy (thermal emission).
C1 [Mueller, T. G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Durech, J.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Astron Inst, CR-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
[Hasegawa, S.; Abe, M.; Kawakami, K.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.
[Kasuga, T.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
[Kinoshita, D.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan.
[Kuroda, D.; Yanagisawa, K.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Okayama Astrophys Observ, Okayama 7190232, Japan.
[Urakawa, S.; Okumura, S.] Japan Spaceguard Assoc, Bisei Spaceguard Ctr, Okayama 7141411, Japan.
[Sarugaku, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Kiso Observ, Nagano 3970101, Japan.
[Miyasaka, S.] Tokyo Metropolitan Govt, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1638001, Japan.
[Takagi, Y.] Aichi Toho Univ, Aichi 4688515, Japan.
[Weissman, P. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Choi, Y-J] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea.
[Larson, S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Nagayama, S.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan.
RP Muller, TG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
EM tmueller@mpe.mpg.de
RI Durech, Josef/C-5634-2017
OI Durech, Josef/0000-0003-4914-3646
FU Czech Science Foundation (GACR) [P209/10/0537]; Ministry of education
[MSM0021620860]; Space Plasma Laboratory, ISAS, JAXA; Ministry of
Education, Science, Sports and Culture; JSPS; NASA
FX J. D. received grants from the Czech Science Foundation (GACR
P209/10/0537) and the Research Program MSM0021620860 of the Ministry of
education. S. H. was supported by the Space Plasma Laboratory, ISAS,
JAXA. We are also grateful to Professor N. Kawai and the gamma-ray
bursts project members for furnishing their optical camera at
Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory. Development of the optical CCD
camera at Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory was supported by the
Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for
Creative Scientific Research. T.K. thanks to the JSPS Research
Fellowships for Research Abroad for their financial support. This work
was supported in part by the NASA Planetary Astronomy Program and
performed in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We thank the Steward
Observatory of the University of Arizona for its allocation of telescope
time. We also thank the referee Dr. J. Emery for very helpful comments.
NR 17
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 7
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 1432-0746
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A145
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015599
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700137
ER
PT J
AU O'Dwyer, B
Del Zanna, G
Mason, HE
Sterling, AC
Tripathi, D
Young, PR
AF O'Dwyer, B.
Del Zanna, G.
Mason, H. E.
Sterling, A. C.
Tripathi, D.
Young, P. R.
TI Hinode extreme-ultraviolet imaging spectrometer observations of a limb
active region
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Sun: activity; Sun: atmosphere; Sun: corona; Sun: UV radiation
ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; X-RAY TELESCOPE; EMISSION-LINES; TEMPERATURE
STRUCTURE; ATOMIC DATABASE; CORONAL LOOPS; PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS; DENSITY
STRUCTURE; IRON PROJECT; HOT PLASMA
AB Aims. We investigate the electron density and temperature structure of a limb active region.
Methods. We have carried out a study of an active region close to the solar limb using observations from the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) and the X-ray telescope (XRT) on board Hinode. The electron density and temperature distributions of the coronal emission have been determined using emission line intensity ratios. Differential emission measure (DEM) analysis and the emission measure (EM) loci technique were used to examine the thermal structure of the emitting plasma as a function of distance from the limb.
Results. The highest temperature and electron density values are found to be located in the core of the active region, with a peak electron number density value of 1.9 x 10(10) cm(-3) measured using the Fe XII 186.887 angstrom to 192.394 angstrom line intensity ratio. The plasma along the line of sight in the active region was found to be multi-thermal at different distances from the limb. The EIS and XRT DEM analyses appear to be in agreement in the temperature interval from log T = 6.5-6.7.
Conclusions. Our results provide new constraints for models of coronal heating in active regions.
C1 [O'Dwyer, B.; Del Zanna, G.; Mason, H. E.; Tripathi, D.] Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England.
[Sterling, A. C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Young, P. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Young, P. R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP O'Dwyer, B (reprint author), Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England.
EM B.O-Dwyer@damtp.cam.ac.uk; G.Del-Zanna@damtp.cam.ac.uk;
H.E.Mason@damtp.cam.ac.uk; alphonse.sterling@nasa.gov;
D.Tripathi@damtp.cam.ac.uk
RI Tripathi, Durgesh/D-9390-2012
OI Tripathi, Durgesh/0000-0003-1689-6254
FU Gates Cambridge Trust; NASA
FX B.O.D., G.D.Z., H.E.M. and D.T. acknowledge STFC. B.O.D. was supported
by funding from the Gates Cambridge Trust. A.C.S. was supported by
funding from NASA's SR&T and LWS programs. We would like to thank Mark
Weber and the rest of XRT team for their advice on creating XRT DEM
curves. We would also like to thank the anonymous referee for
constructive comments which have improved the quality of this
manuscript. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by
ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, NASA and STFC
(UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode
mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organized at ISAS/JAXA.
This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner
countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provided by JAXA and
NAOJ (Japan), STFC (UK), NASA, ESA, and NSC (Norway).
NR 50
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A137
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912701
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700006
ER
PT J
AU Palmeri, P
Quinet, P
Mendoza, C
Bautista, MA
Garcia, J
Witthoeft, MC
Kallman, TR
AF Palmeri, P.
Quinet, P.
Mendoza, C.
Bautista, M. A.
Garcia, J.
Witthoeft, M. C.
Kallman, T. R.
TI Atomic decay data for modeling the Al K lines
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE atomic data; atomic processes; line: formation; X-rays: general
ID RAY-ABSORPTION-LINES; LI-LIKE IONS; VACANCY STATES; AUGER DECAY; SHELL
PHOTOABSORPTION; RELATIVISTIC AUGER; FINE-STRUCTURE; FE-XVII;
PHOTOIONIZATION; CHANDRA
AB Radiative and Auger decay data have been calculated for modeling the K lines of the aluminum isonuclear sequence, from Al-0 up to Al11+. Level energies, transition wavelengths, radiative transition probabilities, and radiative and Auger widths were determined using Cowan's Hartree-Fock with relativistic corrections (HFR) method. Results are compared with data sets computed with the AUTOSTRUCTURE and GRASP atomic structure codes and with available experimental and theoretical values, mainly in highly ionized ions and in the solid state.
C1 [Palmeri, P.; Quinet, P.] Univ Mons, Astrophys & Spectroscopie ASPECT, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
[Quinet, P.] Univ Liege, IPNAS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
[Mendoza, C.] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Fis, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
[Bautista, M. A.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.
[Garcia, J.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, IACS, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Garcia, J.; Witthoeft, M. C.; Kallman, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Palmeri, P (reprint author), Univ Mons, Astrophys & Spectroscopie ASPECT, 20 Pl Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
EM patrick.palmeri@umons.ac.be; pascal.quinet@umons.ac.be;
claudio@ivic.gob.ve; manuel.bautista@wmich.edu;
javier@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; michael.c.witthoeft@nasa.gov;
timothy.r.kallman@nasa.gov
FU NASA
FX This work was funded in part by the NASA Astronomy and Physics Research
and Analysis Program. P. P. and P. Q. are respectively Research
Associate and Senior Research Associate of the Belgian FRS-FNRS.
NR 50
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A59
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014779
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700047
ER
PT J
AU Peters, WM
Lazio, TJW
Clarke, TE
Erickson, WC
Kassim, NE
AF Peters, W. M.
Lazio, T. J. W.
Clarke, T. E.
Erickson, W. C.
Kassim, N. E.
TI Radio recombination lines at decametre wavelengths Prospects for the
future
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE line: identification; instrumentation: interferometers; ISM: lines and
bands; radio lines: ISM
ID EXCITED-CARBON; CASSIOPEIA; MHZ; FREQUENCIES; EMISSION
AB This paper considers the suitability of a number of emerging and future instruments for the study of radio recombination lines (RRLs) at frequencies below 200 MHz. These lines are of interest because they arise only in low-density regions of the ionized interstellar medium and because they may represent a frequency-dependent foreground for next-generation experiments trying to detect Hi signals from the Universe's Epoch of Reionization and Dark Ages (so-called "21-cm cosmology" observations). We summarize existing decametre-wavelength observations of RRLs, which have detected only carbon RRLs. We then show that, with reference to an interferometric array, the primary instrumental factor limiting detection and study of the RRLs is the areal filling factor of the array. We consider the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA-1), the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), the low-frequency component of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA-lo), and a future Lunar Radio Array (LRA), all of which are likely to operate at decametre wavelengths. Key advantages that many of these arrays offer include digital signal processing, which should produce more stable and better defined spectral bandpasses; larger frequency tuning ranges; and better angular resolution than that of the previous generation of instruments that have been used in the past for RRL observations. Detecting Galactic carbon RRLs, with optical depths at the level of 10(-3), appears feasible for all of these arrays, with integration times ranging from a few hours to as much as 100 h; at optimal frequencies this would permit a Galactic survey. The SKA-lo and LRA, and the LWA-1 and LOFAR at the lowest frequencies, should have a high enough filling factor to detect lines with much lower optical depths, of order 10(-4) in a few hundred hours. The amount of RRL-hosting gas present in the Galaxy at the high Galactic latitudes likely to be targeted in Epoch of Reionization and Dark Ages Hi studies is currently unknown. If present, however, the spectral fluctuations from RRLs could be comparable to or exceed the anticipated HI signals.
C1 [Peters, W. M.; Lazio, T. J. W.; Clarke, T. E.; Kassim, N. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Lazio, T. J. W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Erickson, W. C.] Univ Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia.
RP Peters, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM Wendy.Peters@nrl.navy.mil; Joseph.Lazio@jpl.nasa.gov;
Tracy.Clarke@nrl.navy.mil; Namir.Kassim@nrl.navy.mil
FU NASA Lunar Science Institute [NNA09DB30A]; 6.1 Base funding
FX The authors thank E. Polisensky for providing sky temperatures, A. Cohen
for help with calculating the station filling factor for the LWA-1, G.
Smirnov for information about previous instruments, and the referee for
suggestions that helped us clarify and quantify certain points. This
research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. The LUNAR
consortium is funded by the NASA Lunar Science Institute (via
Cooperative Agreement NNA09DB30A) to investigate concepts for
astrophysical observatories on the Moon. Basic research in radio
astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is funded by 6.1 Base
funding.
NR 27
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A128
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014707
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700041
ER
PT J
AU Rollig, M
Kramer, C
Rajbahak, C
Minamidani, T
Sun, K
Simon, R
Ossenkopf, V
Cubick, M
Hitschfeld, M
Aravena, M
Bensch, F
Bertoldi, F
Bronfman, L
Fujishita, M
Fukui, Y
Graf, UU
Honingh, N
Ito, S
Jakob, H
Jacobs, K
Klein, U
Koo, BC
May, J
Miller, M
Miyamoto, Y
Mizuno, N
Onishi, T
Park, YS
Pineda, J
Rabanus, D
Sasago, H
Schieder, R
Stutzki, J
Yamamoto, H
Yonekura, Y
AF Roellig, M.
Kramer, C.
Rajbahak, C.
Minamidani, T.
Sun, K.
Simon, R.
Ossenkopf, V.
Cubick, M.
Hitschfeld, M.
Aravena, M.
Bensch, F.
Bertoldi, F.
Bronfman, L.
Fujishita, M.
Fukui, Y.
Graf, U. U.
Honingh, N.
Ito, S.
Jakob, H.
Jacobs, K.
Klein, U.
Koo, B. -C.
May, J.
Miller, M.
Miyamoto, Y.
Mizuno, N.
Onishi, T.
Park, Y. -S.
Pineda, J.
Rabanus, D.
Sasago, H.
Schieder, R.
Stutzki, J.
Yamamoto, H.
Yonekura, Y.
TI Photon dominated regions in NGC 3603 [CI] and mid-J CO line emission
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE ISM: clouds; ISM: structure; ISM: molecules; submillimeter: ISM
ID NEAREST STARBURST CLUSTER; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; STAR-FORMATION;
PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; MOLECULAR-SPECTROSCOPY; COLOGNE DATABASE;
ATOMIC CARBON; YOUNG CLUSTER; HII-REGIONS; II LINE
AB Aims. We aim at deriving the excitation conditions of the interstellar gas as well as the local FUV intensities in the molecular cloud surrounding NGC 3603 to get a coherent picture of how the gas is energized by the central stars.
Methods. The NANTEN2-4 m submillimeter antenna is used to map the [CI] 1-0, 2-1 and CO 4-3, 7-6 lines in a 2' x 2' region around the young OB cluster NGC 3603 YC. These data are combined with (CO)-O-18 2-1 data, HIRES-processed IRAS 60 mu m and 100 mu m maps of the FIR continuum, and Spitzer/IRAC maps.
Results. The NANTEN2 observations show the presence of two molecular clumps located south-east and south-west of the cluster and confirm the overall structure already found by previous CS and (CO)-O-18 observations. We find a slight position offset of the peak intensity of CO and [CI], and the atomic carbon appears to be further extended compared to the molecular material. We used the HIRES far-infrared dust data to derive a map of the FUV field heating the dust. We constrain the FUV field to values of chi = 3-6 x 10(3) in units of the Draine field across the clouds. Approximately 0.2 to 0.3% of the total FUV energy is re-emitted in the [CII] 158 mu m cooling line observed by ISO. Applying LTE and escape probability calculations, we derive temperatures (T-MM1 = 43 K, T-MM2 = 47 K), column densities (N-MM1 = 0.9 x 10(22) cm(-2), N-MM2 = 2.5 x 10(22) cm(-2)) and densities (n(MM1) = 3 x 10(3) cm(-3), n(MM2) = 10(3) - 10(4) cm(-3)) for the two observed molecular clumps MM1 and MM2.
Conclusions. The cluster is strongly interacting with the ambient molecular cloud, governing its structure and physical conditions. A stability analysis shows the existence of gravitationally collapsing gas clumps which should lead to star formation. Embedded IR sources have already been observed in the outskirts of the molecular cloud and seem to support our conclusions.
C1 [Roellig, M.; Rajbahak, C.; Sun, K.; Simon, R.; Ossenkopf, V.; Cubick, M.; Hitschfeld, M.; Graf, U. U.; Honingh, N.; Jakob, H.; Miller, M.; Schieder, R.; Stutzki, J.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany.
[Kramer, C.] IRAM, E-18012 Granada, Spain.
[Minamidani, T.; May, J.] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan.
[Ossenkopf, V.] Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
[Aravena, M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
[Bensch, F.; Bertoldi, F.; Klein, U.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
[Bronfman, L.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile.
[Fujishita, M.; Onishi, T.; Yonekura, Y.] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan.
[Fukui, Y.; Ito, S.; Miyamoto, Y.; Mizuno, N.; Sasago, H.; Yamamoto, H.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan.
[Jakob, H.] Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
[Koo, B. -C.; Park, Y. -S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
[Mizuno, N.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, ALMA J Project Off, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan.
[Pineda, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Rabanus, D.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile.
RP Rollig, M (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany.
EM roellig@ph1.uni-koeln.de
RI Bronfman, Leonardo/H-9544-2013; Aravena, Manuel/O-2361-2014;
OI Bronfman, Leonardo/0000-0002-9574-8454; Minamidani,
Tetsuhiro/0000-0001-9778-6692
FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
[15071203]; JSPS [14102003, 18684003, 17004]; German Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG [SFB494, Os 177/1-1]
FX This work is financially supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for
Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology of Japan (No. 15071203) and from JSPS (No.
14102003 and No. 18684003), and by the JSPS core-to-core program (No.
17004). This work is also financially supported in part by the German
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG grants SFB494 and Os 177/1-1.
NR 52
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 7
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 1432-0746
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A8
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014765
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700044
ER
PT J
AU Theureau, G
Parent, D
Cognard, I
Desvignes, G
Smith, DA
Casandjian, JM
Cheung, CC
Craig, HA
Donato, D
Foster, R
Guillemot, L
Harding, AK
Lestrade, JF
Ray, PS
Romani, RW
Thompson, DJ
Tian, WW
Watters, K
AF Theureau, G.
Parent, D.
Cognard, I.
Desvignes, G.
Smith, D. A.
Casandjian, J. M.
Cheung, C. C.
Craig, H. A.
Donato, D.
Foster, R.
Guillemot, L.
Harding, A. K.
Lestrade, J. -F.
Ray, P. S.
Romani, R. W.
Thompson, D. J.
Tian, W. W.
Watters, K.
TI PSRs J0248+6021 and J2240+5832: young pulsars in the northern Galactic
plane Discovery, timing, and gamma-ray observations
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE gamma rays: stars; pulsars: individual: J0248+6021; pulsars: individual:
J2240+5832
ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MAGNETIC-FIELD;
EGRET DATA; MODEL; EMISSION; RADIATION; ROTATION; MAGNETOSPHERE
AB Context. Pulsars PSR J0248+6021 (with a rotation period P = 217 ms and spin-down power (E) over dot = 2.13 x 10(35) erg s(-1)) and PSR J2240+5832 (P = 140 ms, (E) over dot = 2.12 x 10(35) erg s(-1)) were discovered in 1997 with the Nancay radio telescope during a northern Galactic plane survey, using the Navy-Berkeley Pulsar Processor (NBPP) filter bank. The GeV gamma-ray pulsations from both were discovered using the Fermi Large Area Telescope.
Aims. We characterize the neutron star emission using radio and gamma-ray observations, and explore the rich environment of PSR J0248+6021.
Methods. Twelve years of radio timing data, including glitches, with steadily improved instrumentation, such as the Berkeley-Orleans-Nancay pulsar backend, and a gamma-ray data set 2.6 times larger than previously published allow detailed investigations of these pulsars. Radio polarization data allow comparison with the geometry inferred from gamma-ray emission models.
Results. The two pulsars resemble each other in both radio and gamma-ray data. Both are rare in having a single gamma-ray pulse offset far from the radio peak. The anomalously high dispersion measure for PSR J0248+6021 (DM = 370 pc cm(-3)) is most likely due to its being within the dense, giant HII region W5 in the Perseus arm at a distance of 2 kpc, as opposed to being beyond the edge of the Galaxy as obtained from models of average electron distributions. Its large transverse velocity and the low magnetic field along the line-of-sight favor this small distance. Neither gamma-ray, X-ray, nor optical data yield evidence of a pulsar wind nebula surrounding PSR J0248+6021. We report the discovery of gamma-ray pulsations from PSR J2240+5832. We argue that it could be in the outer arm, although slightly nearer than its DM-derived distance, but that it may be in the Perseus arm at half the distance.
Conclusions. The energy flux and distance yield a gamma-ray luminosity for PSR J0248+6021 of L-gamma = (1.4 +/- 0.3) x 10(34) erg s(-1). For PSR J2240+5832, we find either L-gamma = (7.9 +/- 5.2) x 10(34) erg s(-1) if the pulsar is in the outer arm, or L-gamma = (2.2 +/- 1.7) x 10(34) erg s(-1) for the Perseus arm. These luminosities are consistent with an L-gamma proportional to root(E) over dot rule. Comparison of the gamma-ray pulse profiles with model predictions, including the constraints obtained from radio polarization data, implies outer magnetosphere emission. These two pulsars differ mainly in terms of their inclination angles and acceleration gap widths, which in turn explain the observed differences in the gamma-ray peak widths.
C1 [Theureau, G.; Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.] CNRS, LPC2E, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 02, France.
[Theureau, G.; Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.] Observ Paris, CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France.
[Parent, D.; Cheung, C. C.; Ray, P. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Parent, D.; Smith, D. A.; Guillemot, L.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux,CENBG, F-33175 Gradignan, France.
[Desvignes, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Desvignes, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Casandjian, J. M.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA.
[Craig, H. A.; Romani, R. W.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Craig, H. A.; Romani, R. W.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Donato, D.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Donato, D.; Harding, A. K.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Foster, R.] High Performance Technol Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA.
[Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
[Lestrade, J. -F.] Observ Paris, CNRS, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France.
[Tian, W. W.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Tian, W. W.] Natl Astron Observ China, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.
RP Theureau, G (reprint author), CNRS, LPC2E, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 02, France.
EM theureau@cnrs-orleans.fr; dparent@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil;
smith@cenbg.in2p3.fr
RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012;
OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in
the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de
la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de
Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research
Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan;
K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National
Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy;
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France
FX We thank Simon Johnston for useful discussions regarding the radio
polarization signal. The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the
Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). This research made use of the WEBDA
database, operated at the Institute for Astronomy of the University of
Vienna. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing
support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported
both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific
data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the
Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de
Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish
Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.
Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is
gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in
Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.
NR 57
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 2
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A94
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015317
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700100
ER
PT J
AU Tsujimoto, M
Guainazzi, M
Plucinsky, PP
Beardmore, AP
Ishida, M
Natalucci, L
Posson-Brown, JLL
Read, AM
Saxton, RD
Shaposhnikov, NV
AF Tsujimoto, M.
Guainazzi, M.
Plucinsky, P. P.
Beardmore, A. P.
Ishida, M.
Natalucci, L.
Posson-Brown, J. L. L.
Read, A. M.
Saxton, R. D.
Shaposhnikov, N. V.
TI Cross-calibration of the X-ray instruments onboard the Chandra,
INTEGRAL, RXTE, Suzaku, Swift, and XMM-Newton observatories using
G21.5-0.9
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE instrumentation: detectors; X-rays: individuals: G21.5-0.9
ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT G21.5-0.9; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; IN-ORBIT
PERFORMANCE; PSR J1833-1034; BOARD SUZAKU; SNR G21.5-0.9; PULSAR;
MISSION; HALO; DISCOVERY
AB Context. For many years, X-ray astronomy missions have used the Crab nebula as a celestial calibration source for the X-ray flux and spectral shape. However, the object is often too bright for current and future missions equipped with instruments with improved sensitivity.
Aims. We use G21.5-0.9, a pulsar-wind nebula with a time-constant power-law spectrum and a flux of a few milli-Crab in the X-ray band, as a viable, fainter substitute to the Crab. Using this source, we conduct a cross-calibration study of the instruments onboard currently active observatories: Chandra ACIS, Suzaku XIS, Swift XRT, and XMM-Newton EPIC (MOS and pn) for the soft-band, and INTEGRAL IBIS-ISGRI, RXTE PCA, and Suzaku HXD-PIN for the hard band.
Methods. We extract spectra from all instruments and fit under the same astrophysical assumptions. We compare the spectral parameters of the G21.5-0.9 model: power-law photon index, H-equivalent column density of the interstellar photoelectric absorption, and flux in the soft (2-8 keV) or hard (15-50 keV) energy band.
Results. We identify systematic differences in the best-fit parameter values unattributable to statistical scatter of the data alone. We interpret these differences as due to residual cross-calibration problems. The differences can be as large as 20% and 9% for the soft-band flux and power-law index, respectively, and 46% for the hard-band flux. The results are plotted and tabulated as a useful reference for future calibration and scientific studies using multiple missions.
C1 [Tsujimoto, M.; Ishida, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan.
[Guainazzi, M.; Saxton, R. D.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain.
[Plucinsky, P. P.; Posson-Brown, J. L. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Beardmore, A. P.; Read, A. M.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
[Natalucci, L.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Shaposhnikov, N. V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Tsujimoto, M (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshino Dai, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan.
EM tsujimot@astro.isas.jaxa.jp
RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009
FU Science and Technology Facilities Council
FX We thank the members of the IACHEC for sharing their results prior to
publication and Marcus G. Kirsch who took a leadership role in setting
up this consortium. We acknowledge Dai Takei and Kei Saitou for their
help in Suzaku data reduction. A.P.B. and A.M.R. acknowledges support
from the Science and Technology Facilities Council.
NR 46
TC 58
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 3
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 1432-0746
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A25
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015597
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700136
ER
PT J
AU Zub, M
Cassan, A
Heyrovsky, D
Fouque, P
Stempels, HC
Albrow, MD
Beaulieu, JP
Brillant, S
Christie, GW
Kains, N
Kozlowski, S
Kubas, D
Wambsganss, J
Batista, V
Bennett, DP
Cook, K
Coutures, C
Dieters, S
Dominik, M
Prester, DD
Donatowicz, J
Greenhill, J
Horne, K
Jorgensen, UG
Kane, SR
Marquette, JB
Martin, R
Menzies, J
Pollard, KR
Sahu, KC
Vinter, C
Williams, A
Gould, A
Depoy, DL
Gal-Yam, A
Gaudi, BS
Han, C
Lipkin, Y
Maoz, D
Ofek, EO
Park, BG
Pogge, RW
McCormick, J
Udalski, A
Szymanski, MK
Kubiak, M
Pietrzynski, G
Soszynski, I
Szewczyk, O
Wyrzykowski, L
AF Zub, M.
Cassan, A.
Heyrovsky, D.
Fouque, P.
Stempels, H. C.
Albrow, M. D.
Beaulieu, J-P
Brillant, S.
Christie, G. W.
Kains, N.
Kozlowski, S.
Kubas, D.
Wambsganss, J.
Batista, V.
Bennett, D. P.
Cook, K.
Coutures, C.
Dieters, S.
Dominik, M.
Prester, D. Dominis
Donatowicz, J.
Greenhill, J.
Horne, K.
Jorgensen, U. G.
Kane, S. R.
Marquette, J-B
Martin, R.
Menzies, J.
Pollard, K. R.
Sahu, K. C.
Vinter, C.
Williams, A.
Gould, A.
Depoy, D. L.
Gal-Yam, A.
Gaudi, B. S.
Han, C.
Lipkin, Y.
Maoz, D.
Ofek, E. O.
Park, B-G
Pogge, R. W.
McCormick, J.
Udalski, A.
Szymanski, M. K.
Kubiak, M.
Pietrzynski, G.
Soszynski, I.
Szewczyk, O.
Wyrzykowski, L.
CA PLANET Collaboration
FUN Collaboration
OGLE Collaboration
TI Limb-darkening measurements for a cool red giant in microlensing event
OGLE 2004-BLG-482
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE gravitational lensing: micro; stars: atmospheres; techniques: high
angular resolution; stars: individual: OGLE 2004-BLG-482
ID STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS; CLUMP ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE; H-ALPHA LINE;
GALACTIC BULGE; PLANET OBSERVATIONS; MACHO 98-SMC-1; STARS; PHOTOMETRY;
LENS; RESOLUTION
AB Aims. We present a detailed analysis of OGLE 2004-BLG-482, a relatively high-magnification single-lens microlensing event that exhibits clear extended-source effects. These events are relatively rare, but they potentially contain unique information on the stellar atmosphere properties of their source star, as shown in this study.
Methods. Our dense photometric coverage of the overall light curve and a proper microlensing modelling allow us to derive measurements of the OGLE 2004-BLG-482 source star's linear limb-darkening coefficients in three bands, including standard Johnson-Cousins I and R, as well as in a broad clear filter. In particular, we discuss in detail the problems of multi-band and multi-site modelling on the expected precision of our results. We also obtained high-resolution UVES spectra as part of a ToO programme at ESO VLT, from which we derive the source star's precise fundamental parameters.
Results. From the high-resolution UVES spectra, we find that OGLE 2004-BLG-482's source star is a red giant of MK type a bit later than M3, with T-eff = 3667 +/- 150 K, log g = 2.1 +/- 1.0 and an assumed solar metallicity. This is confirmed by an OGLE calibrated colour-magnitude diagram. We then obtain from a detailed microlensing modelling of the light curve linear limb-darkening coefficients that we compare to model-atmosphere predictions available in the literature, and find a very good agreement for the I and R bands. In addition, we perform a similar analysis using an alternative description of limb darkening based on a principal component analysis of ATLAS limb-darkening profiles, and also find a very good agreement between measurements and model predictions.
C1 [Zub, M.; Cassan, A.; Wambsganss, J.] Heidelberg Univ, ARI, Zentrum Astron, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Zub, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Int Max Planck Res Sch Astron & Cosm Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Zub, M.] Univ Zielona Gora, Inst Astron, PL-65265 Zielona Gora, Poland.
[Cassan, A.; Beaulieu, J-P; Kubas, D.; Batista, V.; Coutures, C.; Dieters, S.; Marquette, J-B] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France.
[Heyrovsky, D.] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Theoret Phys, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic.
[Fouque, P.] Univ Toulouse, LATT, CNRS, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Stempels, H. C.] Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
[Albrow, M. D.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
[Brillant, S.; Kubas, D.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile.
[Christie, G. W.] Auckland Observ, Auckland, New Zealand.
[Kains, N.; Dominik, M.; Horne, K.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland.
[Kozlowski, S.; Gould, A.; Depoy, D. L.; Gaudi, B. S.; Pogge, R. W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Bennett, D. P.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46530 USA.
[Cook, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Prester, D. Dominis] Univ Rijeka, Dept Phys, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.
[Donatowicz, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Comp, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
[Greenhill, J.] Univ Tasmania, Dept Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Jorgensen, U. G.; Vinter, C.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Jorgensen, U. G.; Vinter, C.] Ctr Star & Planet Format, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Kane, S. R.] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Martin, R.; Williams, A.] Perth Observ, Perth, WA 6076, Australia.
[Menzies, J.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa.
[Sahu, K. C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Gal-Yam, A.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, Astrophys Grp, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
[Han, C.] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Basic Sci Res, Chonju 361763, South Korea.
[Lipkin, Y.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
[Lipkin, Y.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
[Ofek, E. O.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Park, B-G] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea.
[McCormick, J.] Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Farm Cove Observ, Auckland, New Zealand.
[Udalski, A.; Szymanski, M. K.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Soszynski, I.; Szewczyk, O.; Wyrzykowski, L.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland.
[Pietrzynski, G.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Fis, Concepcion, Chile.
[Wyrzykowski, L.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England.
RP Zub, M (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, ARI, Zentrum Astron, Monchhofstr 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
EM zub@ari.uni-heidelberg.de
RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012; Kane, Stephen/B-4798-2013; Greenhill,
John/C-8367-2013; Kozlowski, Szymon/G-4799-2013; Williams,
Andrew/K-2931-2013; Heyrovsky, David/A-2031-2015;
OI Kozlowski, Szymon/0000-0003-4084-880X; Williams,
Andrew/0000-0001-9080-0105; Heyrovsky, David/0000-0002-5198-5343;
Dominik, Martin/0000-0002-3202-0343
FU Polish MNiSW [N20303032/4275]; Polish Research [N N203 2738 33]; French
CNRS/ANR; Czech Science Foundation [GACR 205/07/0824]; Czech Ministry of
Education [MSM0021620860]; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation
[2009-008561]; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
FX We express our gratitude to the ESO staff at Paranal for reacting at
short notice to our UVES ToO request. We thank David Warren for
financial support for the Mt Canopus Observatory. The OGLE project is
partially supported by the Polish MNiSW grant N20303032/4275. M.Z.
acknowledges a partial support of the Polish Research Grant N N203 2738
33. AC acknowledges travel support on the French CNRS/ANR grant HOLMES.
D. H. was supported by Czech Science Foundation grant GACR 205/07/0824
and by the Czech Ministry of Education project MSM0021620860. This
publication makes use of data products from the 2MASS and DENIS
projects, as well as the SIMBAD database, Aladin and VizieR catalogue
operation tools (CDS Strasbourg, France). C.H. acknowledges the support
by Creative Research Initiative Program (2009-008561) of Korea Science
and Engineering Foundation. B. G. P. acknowledges the support by Korea
Astronomy and Space Science Institute. We thank Subo Dong for his
comments on the analysis.
NR 64
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 7
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
EI 1432-0746
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 525
AR A15
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912007
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692ZF
UT WOS:000285193700004
ER
PT J
AU Abdo, AA
Ackermann, M
Ajello, M
Baldini, L
Ballet, J
Barbiellini, G
Bastieri, D
Bechtol, K
Bellazzini, R
Berenji, B
Blandford, RD
Bonamente, E
Borgland, AW
Bouvier, A
Bregeon, J
Brez, A
Brigida, M
Bruel, P
Buehler, R
Buson, S
Caliandro, GA
Cameron, RA
Caraveo, PA
Carrigan, S
Casandjian, JM
Cavazzuti, E
Cecchi, C
Celik, O
Charles, E
Chekhtman, A
Cheung, CC
Chiang, J
Ciprini, S
Claus, R
Cohen-Tanugi, J
Conrad, J
Costamante, L
Cutini, S
Davis, DS
Dermer, CD
de Palma, F
Digel, SW
Silva, EDE
Drell, PS
Dubois, R
Dumora, D
Favuzzi, C
Fegan, SJ
Fortin, P
Frailis, M
Fuhrmann, L
Fukazawa, Y
Funk, S
Fusco, P
Giroletti, M
Glanzman, T
Godfrey, G
Grenier, IA
Grove, JE
Guillemot, L
Guiriec, S
Hadasch, D
Hayashida, M
Hays, E
Horan, D
Hughes, RE
Itoh, R
Johannesson, G
Johnson, AS
Johnson, TJ
Johnson, WN
Kamae, T
Katagiri, H
Kataoka, J
Knodlseder, J
Kuss, M
Lande, J
Latronico, L
Lee, SH
Longo, F
Loparco, F
Lott, B
Lovellette, MN
Lubrano, P
Makeev, A
Mazziotta, MN
McEnery, JE
Mehault, J
Michelson, PF
Mizuno, T
Moiseev, AA
Monte, C
Monzani, ME
Morselli, A
Moskalenko, IV
Murgia, S
Nakamori, T
Naumann-Godo, M
Nestoras, I
Nolan, PL
Norris, JP
Nuss, E
Ohsugi, T
Okumura, A
Omodei, N
Orlando, E
Ormes, JF
Ozaki, M
Paneque, D
Panetta, JH
Parent, D
Pelassa, V
Pepe, M
Pesce-Rollins, M
Piron, F
Porter, TA
Raino, S
Rando, R
Razzano, M
Reimer, A
Reimer, O
Reyes, LC
Ripken, J
Ritz, S
Romani, RW
Roth, M
Sadrozinski, HFW
Sanchez, D
Sander, A
Scargle, JD
Sgro, C
Shaw, MS
Smith, PD
Spandre, G
Spinelli, P
Strickman, MS
Suson, DJ
Takahashi, H
Tanaka, T
Thayer, JB
Thayer, JG
Thompson, DJ
Tibaldo, L
Torres, DF
Tosti, G
Tramacere, A
Usher, TL
Vandenbroucke, J
Vasileiou, V
Vilchez, N
Vitale, V
Waite, AP
Wang, P
Winer, BL
Wood, KS
Yang, Z
Ylinen, T
Ziegler, M
Acciari, VA
Aliu, E
Arlen, T
Aune, T
Beilicke, M
Benbow, W
Bottcher, M
Boltuch, D
Bradbury, SM
Buckley, JH
Bugaev, V
Byrum, K
Cannon, A
Cesarini, A
Christiansen, JL
Ciupik, L
Cui, W
Perez, ID
Dickherber, R
Errando, M
Falcone, A
Finley, JP
Finnegan, G
Fortson, L
Furniss, A
Galante, N
Gall, D
Gillanders, GH
Godambe, S
Grube, J
Guenette, R
Gyuk, G
Hanna, D
Holder, J
Hui, CM
Humensky, TB
Imran, A
Kaaret, P
Karlsson, N
Kertzman, M
Kieda, D
Konopelko, A
Krawczynski, H
Krennrich, F
Lang, MJ
LeBohec, S
Maier, G
McArthur, S
McCann, A
McCutcheon, M
Moriarty, P
Mukherjee, R
Ong, RA
Otte, AN
Pandel, D
Perkins, JS
Pichel, A
Pohl, M
Quinn, J
Ragan, K
Reynolds, PT
Roache, E
Rose, HJ
Schroedter, M
Sembroski, GH
Senturk, GD
Smith, AW
Steele, D
Swordy, SP
Tesic, G
Theiling, M
Thibadeau, S
Varlotta, A
Vassiliev, VV
Vincent, S
Wakely, SP
Ward, JE
Weekes, TC
Weinstein, A
Weisgarber, T
Williams, DA
Wissel, S
Wood, M
Villata, M
Raiteri, CM
Gurwell, MA
Larionov, VM
Kurtanidze, OM
Aller, MF
Lahteenmaki, A
Chen, WP
Berduygin, A
Agudo, I
Aller, HD
Arkharov, AA
Bach, U
Bachev, R
Beltrame, P
Benitez, E
Buemi, CS
Dashti, J
Calcidese, P
Capezzali, D
Carosati, D
Da Rio, D
Di Paola, A
Diltz, C
Dolci, M
Dultzin, D
Forne, E
Gomez, JL
Hagen-Thorn, VA
Halkola, A
Heidt, J
Hiriart, D
Hovatta, T
Hsiao, HY
Jorstad, SG
Kimeridze, GN
Konstantinova, TS
Kopatskaya, EN
Koptelova, E
Leto, P
Ligustri, R
Lindfors, E
Lopez, JM
Marscher, AP
Mommert, M
Mujica, R
Nikolashvili, MG
Nilsson, K
Palma, N
Pasanen, M
Roca-Sogorb, M
Mommert, M
Mujica, R
Nikolashvili, MG
Nilsson, K
Palma, N
Pasanen, M
Roca-Sogorb, M
Ros, JA
Roustazadeh, P
Sadun, AC
Saino, J
Sigua, LA
Sillanaa, A
Sorcia, M
Takalo, LO
Tornikoski, M
Trigilio, C
Turchetti, R
Umana, G
Belloni, T
Blake, CH
Bloom, JS
Angelakis, E
Fumagalli, M
Hauser, M
Prochaska, JX
Riquelme, D
Sievers, A
Starr, DL
Tagliaferri, G
Ungerechts, H
Wagner, S
Zensus, JA
AF Abdo, A. A.
Ackermann, M.
Ajello, M.
Baldini, L.
Ballet, J.
Barbiellini, G.
Bastieri, D.
Bechtol, K.
Bellazzini, R.
Berenji, B.
Blandford, R. D.
Bonamente, E.
Borgland, A. W.
Bouvier, A.
Bregeon, J.
Brez, A.
Brigida, M.
Bruel, P.
Buehler, R.
Buson, S.
Caliandro, G. A.
Cameron, R. A.
Caraveo, P. A.
Carrigan, S.
Casandjian, J. M.
Cavazzuti, E.
Cecchi, C.
Celik, Oe.
Charles, E.
Chekhtman, A.
Cheung, C. C.
Chiang, J.
Ciprini, S.
Claus, R.
Cohen-Tanugi, J.
Conrad, J.
Costamante, L.
Cutini, S.
Davis, D. S.
Dermer, C. D.
de Palma, F.
Digel, S. W.
do Couto e Silva, E.
Drell, P. S.
Dubois, R.
Dumora, D.
Favuzzi, C.
Fegan, S. J.
Fortin, P.
Frailis, M.
Fuhrmann, L.
Fukazawa, Y.
Funk, S.
Fusco, P.
Giroletti, M.
Glanzman, T.
Godfrey, G.
Grenier, I. A.
Grove, J. E.
Guillemot, L.
Guiriec, S.
Hadasch, D.
Hayashida, M.
Hays, E.
Horan, D.
Hughes, R. E.
Itoh, R.
Johannesson, G.
Johnson, A. S.
Johnson, T. J.
Johnson, W. N.
Kamae, T.
Katagiri, H.
Kataoka, J.
Knoedlseder, J.
Kuss, M.
Lande, J.
Latronico, L.
Lee, S. -H.
Longo, F.
Loparco, F.
Lott, B.
Lovellette, M. N.
Lubrano, P.
Makeev, A.
Mazziotta, M. N.
McEnery, J. E.
Mehault, J.
Michelson, P. F.
Mizuno, T.
Moiseev, A. A.
Monte, C.
Monzani, M. E.
Morselli, A.
Moskalenko, I. V.
Murgia, S.
Nakamori, T.
Naumann-Godo, M.
Nestoras, I.
Nolan, P. L.
Norris, J. P.
Nuss, E.
Ohsugi, T.
Okumura, A.
Omodei, N.
Orlando, E.
Ormes, J. F.
Ozaki, M.
Paneque, D.
Panetta, J. H.
Parent, D.
Pelassa, V.
Pepe, M.
Pesce-Rollins, M.
Piron, F.
Porter, T. A.
Raino, S.
Rando, R.
Razzano, M.
Reimer, A.
Reimer, O.
Reyes, L. C.
Ripken, J.
Ritz, S.
Romani, R. W.
Roth, M.
Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.
Sanchez, D.
Sander, A.
Scargle, J. D.
Sgro, C.
Shaw, M. S.
Smith, P. D.
Spandre, G.
Spinelli, P.
Strickman, M. S.
Suson, D. J.
Takahashi, H.
Tanaka, T.
Thayer, J. B.
Thayer, J. G.
Thompson, D. J.
Tibaldo, L.
Torres, D. F.
Tosti, G.
Tramacere, A.
Usher, T. L.
Vandenbroucke, J.
Vasileiou, V.
Vilchez, N.
Vitale, V.
Waite, A. P.
Wang, P.
Winer, B. L.
Wood, K. S.
Yang, Z.
Ylinen, T.
Ziegler, M.
Acciari, V. A.
Aliu, E.
Arlen, T.
Aune, T.
Beilicke, M.
Benbow, W.
Boettcher, M.
Boltuch, D.
Bradbury, S. M.
Buckley, J. H.
Bugaev, V.
Byrum, K.
Cannon, A.
Cesarini, A.
Christiansen, J. L.
Ciupik, L.
Cui, W.
de la Calle Perez, I.
Dickherber, R.
Errando, M.
Falcone, A.
Finley, J. P.
Finnegan, G.
Fortson, L.
Furniss, A.
Galante, N.
Gall, D.
Gillanders, G. H.
Godambe, S.
Grube, J.
Guenette, R.
Gyuk, G.
Hanna, D.
Holder, J.
Hui, C. M.
Humensky, T. B.
Imran, A.
Kaaret, P.
Karlsson, N.
Kertzman, M.
Kieda, D.
Konopelko, A.
Krawczynski, H.
Krennrich, F.
Lang, M. J.
LeBohec, S.
Maier, G.
McArthur, S.
McCann, A.
McCutcheon, M.
Moriarty, P.
Mukherjee, R.
Ong, R. A.
Otte, A. N.
Pandel, D.
Perkins, J. S.
Pichel, A.
Pohl, M.
Quinn, J.
Ragan, K.
Reynolds, P. T.
Roache, E.
Rose, H. J.
Schroedter, M.
Sembroski, G. H.
Senturk, G. Demet
Smith, A. W.
Steele, D.
Swordy, S. P.
Tesic, G.
Theiling, M.
Thibadeau, S.
Varlotta, A.
Vassiliev, V. V.
Vincent, S.
Wakely, S. P.
Ward, J. E.
Weekes, T. C.
Weinstein, A.
Weisgarber, T.
Williams, D. A.
Wissel, S.
Wood, M.
Villata, M.
Raiteri, C. M.
Gurwell, M. A.
Larionov, V. M.
Kurtanidze, O. M.
Aller, M. F.
Lahteenmaki, A.
Chen, W. P.
Berduygin, A.
Agudo, I.
Aller, H. D.
Arkharov, A. A.
Bach, U.
Bachev, R.
Beltrame, P.
Benitez, E.
Buemi, C. S.
Dashti, J.
Calcidese, P.
Capezzali, D.
Carosati, D.
Da Rio, D.
Di Paola, A.
Diltz, C.
Dolci, M.
Dultzin, D.
Forne, E.
Gomez, J. L.
Hagen-Thorn, V. A.
Halkola, A.
Heidt, J.
Hiriart, D.
Hovatta, T.
Hsiao, H. -Y.
Jorstad, S. G.
Kimeridze, G. N.
Konstantinova, T. S.
Kopatskaya, E. N.
Koptelova, E.
Leto, P.
Ligustri, R.
Lindfors, E.
Lopez, J. M.
Marscher, A. P.
Mommert, M.
Mujica, R.
Nikolashvili, M. G.
Nilsson, K.
Palma, N.
Pasanen, M.
Roca-Sogorb, M.
Mommert, M.
Mujica, R.
Nikolashvili, M. G.
Nilsson, K.
Palma, N.
Pasanen, M.
Roca-Sogorb, M.
Ros, J. A.
Roustazadeh, P.
Sadun, A. C.
Saino, J.
Sigua, L. A.
Sillanaa, A.
Sorcia, M.
Takalo, L. O.
Tornikoski, M.
Trigilio, C.
Turchetti, R.
Umana, G.
Belloni, T.
Blake, C. H.
Bloom, J. S.
Angelakis, E.
Fumagalli, M.
Hauser, M.
Prochaska, J. X.
Riquelme, D.
Sievers, A.
Starr, D. L.
Tagliaferri, G.
Ungerechts, H.
Wagner, S.
Zensus, J. A.
CA Fermi-Lat Collaboration
VERITAS Collaboration
GASP-WEBT Consortium
TI MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF THE FLARING GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR 3C 66A IN
2008 OCTOBER
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (3C 66A); galaxies: active; gamma rays:
galaxies
ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE;
SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; EPOCH VLBI SURVEY; BRIGHT BLAZARS;
RADIO-SOURCES; TEV BLAZARS; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; VERITAS OBSERVATIONS
AB The BL Lacertae object 3C 66A was detected in a flaring state by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and VERITAS in 2008 October. In addition to these gamma-ray observations, F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, PAIRITEL, MDM, ATOM, Swift, and Chandra provided radio to X-ray coverage. The available light curves show variability and, in particular, correlated flares are observed in the optical and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray band. The resulting spectral energy distribution can be well fitted using standard leptonic models with and without an external radiation field for inverse Compton scattering. It is found, however, that only the model with an external radiation field can accommodate the intra-night variability observed at optical wavelengths.
C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA.
[Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
[Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IRFU, CEA,Lab AIM,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
[Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
[Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
[Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
[Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
[Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Conrad, J.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
[Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
[Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
[Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
[Bruel, P.; Chekhtman, A.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
[Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
[Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
[Cavazzuti, E.; Cutini, S.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy.
[Celik, Oe.; Davis, D. S.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Celik, Oe.; Davis, D. S.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Celik, Oe.; Davis, D. S.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France.
[Conrad, J.; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Conrad, J.; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Dumora, D.; Guillemot, L.; Lott, B.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France.
[Dumora, D.; Guillemot, L.; Lott, B.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France.
[Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
[Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
[Frailis, M.] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy.
[Fuhrmann, L.; Guillemot, L.; Nestoras, I.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
[Fukazawa, Y.; Itoh, R.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan.
[Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
[Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan.
[Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, CNRS UPS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France.
[Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
[Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan.
[Okumura, A.; Ozaki, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.
[Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Reyes, L. C.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Div Space Sci, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA.
[Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
[Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy.
[Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland.
[Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden.
[Acciari, V. A.; Benbow, W.; Galante, N.; Perkins, J. S.; Roache, E.; Theiling, M.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA.
[Aliu, E.; Errando, M.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Arlen, T.; Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.; Wood, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Aune, T.; Furniss, A.; Otte, A. N.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Aune, T.; Furniss, A.; Otte, A. N.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Krawczynski, H.; McArthur, S.; Thibadeau, S.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Boettcher, M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
[Boltuch, D.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Boltuch, D.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Bradbury, S. M.; Rose, H. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Byrum, K.; Smith, A. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Cannon, A.; Quinn, J.; Ward, J. E.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland.
[Cesarini, A.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland.
[Christiansen, J. L.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 94307 USA.
[Ciupik, L.; Fortson, L.; Grube, J.; Gyuk, G.; Karlsson, N.; Steele, D.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA.
[Cui, W.; Finley, J. P.; Gall, D.; Sembroski, G. H.; Varlotta, A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[de la Calle Perez, I.] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr INSA ESAC, Satellite Tracking Stn, E-28080 Madrid, Spain.
[Falcone, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Finnegan, G.; Godambe, S.; Hui, C. M.; Kieda, D.; LeBohec, S.; Vincent, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Guenette, R.; Hanna, D.; Maier, G.; McCann, A.; McCutcheon, M.; Ragan, K.; Tesic, G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada.
[Humensky, T. B.; Swordy, S. P.; Wakely, S. P.; Weisgarber, T.; Wissel, S.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Imran, A.; Krennrich, F.; Pohl, M.; Schroedter, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Kaaret, P.; Pandel, D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Kertzman, M.] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA.
[Konopelko, A.] Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA.
[Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland.
[Pichel, A.] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland.
[Senturk, G. Demet] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Villata, M.; Raiteri, C. M.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, Turin, Italy.
[Gurwell, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA.
[Larionov, V. M.; Hagen-Thorn, V. A.; Konstantinova, T. S.; Kopatskaya, E. N.] St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Larionov, V. M.; Hagen-Thorn, V. A.] Isaac Newton Inst Chile, St Petersburg Branch, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Kurtanidze, O. M.; Kimeridze, G. N.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Sigua, L. A.] Abastumani Observ, GE-0301 Mt Kanobili, Abastumani, Rep of Georgia.
[Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Lahteenmaki, A.; Hovatta, T.; Tornikoski, M.] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Helsinki, Finland.
[Chen, W. P.; Hsiao, H. -Y.; Koptelova, E.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Chungli, Taiwan.
[Berduygin, A.; Halkola, A.; Lindfors, E.; Pasanen, M.; Pasanen, M.; Saino, J.; Sillanaa, A.; Takalo, L. O.] Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, SF-20500 Turku, Finland.
[Agudo, I.; Gomez, J. L.; Roca-Sogorb, M.; Roca-Sogorb, M.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Madrid, Spain.
[Bachev, R.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, BG-1040 Sofia, Bulgaria.
[Benitez, E.; Dultzin, D.; Sorcia, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Buemi, C. S.; Leto, P.; Trigilio, C.; Umana, G.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, Catania, Italy.
[Dashti, J.; Diltz, C.; Palma, N.; Roustazadeh, P.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
[Di Paola, A.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, Rome, Italy.
[Heidt, J.; Mommert, M.] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, ZAH, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Hiriart, D.; Lopez, J. M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico.
[Jorstad, S. G.; Marscher, A. P.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
Inst Planetary Res, DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
[Mujica, R.] INAOE, Puebla 72000, Mexico.
[Nilsson, K.] Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland.
[Sadun, A. C.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Phys, Denver, CO USA.
[Belloni, T.; Tagliaferri, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy.
[Blake, C. H.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Bloom, J. S.; Starr, D. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Angelakis, E.; Zensus, J. A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
[Fumagalli, M.; Prochaska, J. X.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Hauser, M.; Wagner, S.] Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Prochaska, J. X.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Riquelme, D.; Sievers, A.; Ungerechts, H.] IRAM, E-18012 Granada, Spain.
RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM lreyes@kicp.uchicago.edu
RI Fumagalli, Michele/K-9510-2015; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Kurtanidze,
Omar/J-6237-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Agudo, Ivan/G-1701-2015;
Jorstad, Svetlana/H-6913-2013; Grishina, Tatiana/H-6873-2013;
Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/H-3983-2013; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015;
Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta,
Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres,
Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012;
Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini,
Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli,
Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013;
Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Kopatskaya,
Evgenia/H-4720-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando,
Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013
OI Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere,
Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726;
Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723; Bastieri,
Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577;
Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti,
Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Pandel, Dirk/0000-0003-2085-5586; Lang,
Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Angelakis,
Emmanouil/0000-0001-7327-5441; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924;
Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772;
Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Cesarini,
Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Leto,
Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Rando,
Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794; Raiteri,
Claudia Maria/0000-0003-1784-2784; Fumagalli,
Michele/0000-0001-6676-3842; Dolci, Mauro/0000-0001-8000-5642; Buemi,
Carla Simona/0000-0002-7288-4613; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946;
Umana, Grazia/0000-0002-6972-8388; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Di
Paola, Andrea/0000-0002-2189-8644; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080;
Agudo, Ivan/0000-0002-3777-6182; Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453;
Grishina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3953-6676; Hagen-Thorn,
Vladimir/0000-0002-6431-8590; Johannesson,
Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673;
Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario
/0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Thompson,
David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806;
Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385;
Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Kopatskaya,
Evgenia/0000-0001-9518-337X;
FU NASA [NNX08AU13G, NNG06GH50G, GO8-9100X]; Harvard University; Academy of
Finland; Georgian National Science Foundation [GNSF/ST08/4-404]; Russian
RFBR foundation [09-02-00092]; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics
at the University of Chicago [NSF PHY-0114422, NSF PHY-0551142];
Fermilab; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics; University of
Chicago
FX The VERITAS collaboration also acknowledges the excel-lent work of the
technical support staff at the FLWO and the collaborating
institutions in the construction and operation of the
instrument, as well as support from the NASA/Swift guest investigator
program (grant NNX08AU13G) for the Swift observations.; PAIRITEL is
operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) and was made
possible by a grant from the Harvard University Milton Fund, a camera
loan from the University of Virginia, and continued support of the SAO
and UC Berkeley. The PAIRITEL project is further supported by NASA/Swift
Guest Investigator grant NNG06GH50G. This research is partly based on
observations with the 100 m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut
fur Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg and has also made use of observations
with the IRAM 30 m telescope. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the
support from the Academy of Finland. The Abastumani Observatory team
acknowledges financial support by the Georgian National Science
Foundation through grant GNSF/ST08/4-404. The St. Petersburg University
team acknowledges support from Russian RFBR foundation via grant
09-02-00092. AZT-24 observations are made within an agreement between
Pulkovo, Rome, and Teramo observatories.; L. C. Reyes acknowledges the
support by the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the
University of Chicago through grants NSF PHY-0114422 and NSF PHY-0551142
and an endowment from the Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli.
M. Bottcher acknowledges support from NASA through Chandra Guest
Investigator Grant GO8-9100X. Some of the VERITAS simulations used in
this work have been performed on the joint Fermilab-KICP supercomputing
cluster, supported by grants from Fermilab, the Kavli Institute for
Cosmological Physics, and the University of Chicago.
NR 74
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 5
U2 21
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR 43
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/43
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 695ZI
UT WOS:000285411300043
ER
PT J
AU Ackermann, M
Ajello, M
Baldini, L
Ballet, J
Barbiellini, G
Bastieri, D
Bechtol, K
Bellazzini, R
Berenji, B
Bloom, ED
Bonamente, E
Borgland, AW
Bouvier, A
Bregeon, J
Brez, A
Brigida, M
Bruel, P
Buehler, R
Buson, S
Caliandro, GA
Cameron, RA
Camilo, F
Caraveo, PA
Casandjian, JM
Cecchi, C
Celik, O
Charles, E
Chekhtman, A
Cheung, CC
Chiang, J
Ciprini, S
Claus, R
Cognard, I
Cohen-Tanugi, J
Conrad, J
Dermer, CD
de Angelis, A
de Luca, A
de Palma, F
Digel, SW
Silva, EDE
Drell, PS
Dubois, R
Dumora, D
Favuzzi, C
Focke, WB
Frailis, M
Fukazawa, Y
Funk, S
Fusco, P
Gargano, F
Germani, S
Giglietto, N
Giommi, P
Giordano, F
Giroletti, M
Glanzman, T
Godfrey, G
Grenier, IA
Grondin, MH
Grove, JE
Guillemot, L
Guiriec, S
Hadasch, D
Hanabata, Y
Harding, AK
Hayashi, K
Hays, E
Hobbs, G
Hughes, RE
Johannesson, G
Johnson, AS
Johnson, WN
Johnston, S
Kamae, T
Katagiri, H
Kataoka, J
Keith, M
Kerr, M
Knodlseder, J
Kramer, M
Kuss, M
Lande, J
Latronico, L
Lee, SH
Lemoine-Goumard, M
Longo, F
Loparco, F
Lovellette, MN
Lubrano, P
Lyne, AG
Makeev, A
Marelli, M
Mazziotta, MN
McEnery, JE
Mehault, J
Michelson, PF
Mizuno, T
Moiseev, AA
Monte, C
Monzani, ME
Morselli, A
Moskalenko, IV
Murgia, S
Nakamori, T
Naumann-Godo, M
Nolan, PL
Noutsos, A
Nuss, E
Ohsugi, T
Okumura, A
Ormes, JF
Paneque, D
Panetta, JH
Parent, D
Pelassa, V
Pepe, M
Pesce-Rollins, M
Piron, F
Porter, TA
Raino, S
Rando, R
Ransom, SM
Ray, PS
Razzano, M
Rea, N
Reimer, A
Reimer, O
Reposeur, T
Ripken, J
Ritz, S
Romani, RW
Sadrozinski, HFW
Sander, A
Parkinson, PMS
Sgro, C
Siskind, EJ
Smith, DA
Smith, PD
Spandre, G
Spinelli, P
Strickman, MS
Suson, DJ
Takahashi, H
Takahashi, T
Tanaka, T
Thayer, JB
Thayer, JG
Theureau, G
Thompson, DJ
Thorsett, SE
Tibaldo, L
Torres, DF
Tosti, G
Tramacere, A
Uchiyama, Y
Uehara, T
Usher, TL
Vandenbroucke, J
Van Etten, A
Vasileiou, V
Vilchez, N
Vitale, V
Waite, AP
Wang, P
Weltevrede, P
Winer, BL
Wood, KS
Yang, Z
Ylinen, T
Ziegler, M
AF Ackermann, M.
Ajello, M.
Baldini, L.
Ballet, J.
Barbiellini, G.
Bastieri, D.
Bechtol, K.
Bellazzini, R.
Berenji, B.
Bloom, E. D.
Bonamente, E.
Borgland, A. W.
Bouvier, A.
Bregeon, J.
Brez, A.
Brigida, M.
Bruel, P.
Buehler, R.
Buson, S.
Caliandro, G. A.
Cameron, R. A.
Camilo, F.
Caraveo, P. A.
Casandjian, J. M.
Cecchi, C.
Celik, Oe.
Charles, E.
Chekhtman, A.
Cheung, C. C.
Chiang, J.
Ciprini, S.
Claus, R.
Cognard, I.
Cohen-Tanugi, J.
Conrad, J.
Dermer, C. D.
de Angelis, A.
de Luca, A.
de Palma, F.
Digel, S. W.
do Couto e Silva, E.
Drell, P. S.
Dubois, R.
Dumora, D.
Favuzzi, C.
Focke, W. B.
Frailis, M.
Fukazawa, Y.
Funk, S.
Fusco, P.
Gargano, F.
Germani, S.
Giglietto, N.
Giommi, P.
Giordano, F.
Giroletti, M.
Glanzman, T.
Godfrey, G.
Grenier, I. A.
Grondin, M. -H.
Grove, J. E.
Guillemot, L.
Guiriec, S.
Hadasch, D.
Hanabata, Y.
Harding, A. K.
Hayashi, K.
Hays, E.
Hobbs, G.
Hughes, R. E.
Johannesson, G.
Johnson, A. S.
Johnson, W. N.
Johnston, S.
Kamae, T.
Katagiri, H.
Kataoka, J.
Keith, M.
Kerr, M.
Knoedlseder, J.
Kramer, M.
Kuss, M.
Lande, J.
Latronico, L.
Lee, S. -H.
Lemoine-Goumard, M.
Longo, F.
Loparco, F.
Lovellette, M. N.
Lubrano, P.
Lyne, A. G.
Makeev, A.
Marelli, M.
Mazziotta, M. N.
McEnery, J. E.
Mehault, J.
Michelson, P. F.
Mizuno, T.
Moiseev, A. A.
Monte, C.
Monzani, M. E.
Morselli, A.
Moskalenko, I. V.
Murgia, S.
Nakamori, T.
Naumann-Godo, M.
Nolan, P. L.
Noutsos, A.
Nuss, E.
Ohsugi, T.
Okumura, A.
Ormes, J. F.
Paneque, D.
Panetta, J. H.
Parent, D.
Pelassa, V.
Pepe, M.
Pesce-Rollins, M.
Piron, F.
Porter, T. A.
Raino, S.
Rando, R.
Ransom, S. M.
Ray, P. S.
Razzano, M.
Rea, N.
Reimer, A.
Reimer, O.
Reposeur, T.
Ripken, J.
Ritz, S.
Romani, R. W.
Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.
Sander, A.
Parkinson, P. M. Saz
Sgro, C.
Siskind, E. J.
Smith, D. A.
Smith, P. D.
Spandre, G.
Spinelli, P.
Strickman, M. S.
Suson, D. J.
Takahashi, H.
Takahashi, T.
Tanaka, T.
Thayer, J. B.
Thayer, J. G.
Theureau, G.
Thompson, D. J.
Thorsett, S. E.
Tibaldo, L.
Torres, D. F.
Tosti, G.
Tramacere, A.
Uchiyama, Y.
Uehara, T.
Usher, T. L.
Vandenbroucke, J.
Van Etten, A.
Vasileiou, V.
Vilchez, N.
Vitale, V.
Waite, A. P.
Wang, P.
Weltevrede, P.
Winer, B. L.
Wood, K. S.
Yang, Z.
Ylinen, T.
Ziegler, M.
TI FERMI-LAT SEARCH FOR PULSAR WIND NEBULAE AROUND GAMMA-RAY PULSARS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE catalogs; gamma rays: general; pulsars: general
ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SUPERNOVA REMNANT G21.5-0.9; SOURCE 3EG
J2227+6122; CLUSTER WESTERLUND 2; X-RAY; LIGHT CURVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD;
PSR J1833-1034; RADIO COUNTERPART; GEMINGA PULSAR
AB The high sensitivity of the Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) offers the first opportunity to study faint and extended GeV sources such as pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). After one year of observation the LAT detected and identified three PWNe: the Crab Nebula, Vela-X, and the PWN inside MSH 15-52. In the meantime, the list of LAT detected pulsars increased steadily. These pulsars are characterized by high energy loss rates ((E) over dot) from similar to 3 x 10(33) erg s(-1) to 5 x 10(38) erg s(-1) and are therefore likely to power a PWN. This paper summarizes the search for PWNe in the off-pulse windows of 54 LAT-detected pulsars using 16 months of survey observations. Ten sources show significant emission, seven of these likely being of magnetospheric origin. The detection of significant emission in the off-pulse interval offers new constraints on the gamma-ray emitting regions in pulsar magnetospheres. The three other sources with significant emission are the Crab Nebula, Vela-X, and a new PWN candidate associated with the LAT pulsar PSR J1023-5746, coincident with the TeV source HESS J1023-575. We further explore the association between the HESS and the Fermi source by modeling its spectral energy distribution. Flux upper limits derived for the 44 remaining sources are used to provide new constraints on famous PWNe that have been detected at keV and/or TeV energies.
C1 [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
[Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IRFU, CEA,CEA Saclay,Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
[Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
[Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
[Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
[Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
[Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
[Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
[Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
[Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
[Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
[Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.; Rea, N.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
[Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
[Celik, Oe.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Ray, P. S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA.
[Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, UMR 6115, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France.
[Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] Observ Paris, CNRS INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France.
[Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France.
[Conrad, J.; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Conrad, J.; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
[de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
[de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
[Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France.
[Frailis, M.] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy.
[Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Hayashi, K.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Uehara, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan.
[Giommi, P.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy.
[Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
[Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.; Noutsos, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
[Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Hobbs, G.; Johnston, S.; Keith, M.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia.
[Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan.
[Kerr, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France.
[Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan.
[Okumura, A.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.
[Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
[Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
[Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA.
[Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA.
[Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
[Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy.
[Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland.
[Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden.
RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM joshualande@gmail.com; grondin@cenbg.in2p3.fr; ahardingx@yahoo.com;
lemoine@cenbg.in2p3.fr
RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; McEnery,
Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano,
pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss,
Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer,
Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013;
Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Funk,
Stefan/B-7629-2015; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Loparco,
Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano,
Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario
/O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016;
OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano,
pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553;
giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385;
Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214;
SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando,
Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862;
Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; De Luca,
Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852;
Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388;
Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson,
Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395;
Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario
/0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Thorsett,
Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De
Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis,
Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018;
Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Tramacere,
Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray,
Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338
FU Commonwealth Government; Science and Technology Facilities Council of
the United Kingdom
FX The Parkes radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope which is
funded by the Commonwealth Government for operation as a National
Facility managed by CSIRO. We thank our colleagues for their assistance
with the radio timing observations. The Green Bank Telescope is operated
by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a facility of the National
Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated
Universities, Inc. The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris
Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique (CNRS). The Lovell Telescope is owned and operated by the
University of Manchester as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for
Astrophysics with support from the Science and Technology Facilities
Council of the United Kingdom.
NR 98
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 7
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR 35
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/35
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 695ZI
UT WOS:000285411300035
ER
PT J
AU Cordiner, MA
Cox, NLJ
Evans, CJ
Trundle, C
Smith, KT
Sarre, PJ
Gordon, KD
AF Cordiner, Martin A.
Cox, Nick L. J.
Evans, Christopher J.
Trundle, Carrie
Smith, Keith T.
Sarre, Peter J.
Gordon, Karl D.
TI A SURVEY OF DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS IN THE ANDROMEDA GALAXY: OPTICAL
SPECTROSCOPY OF M31 OB STARS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE dust, extinction; galaxies: individual (M31); galaxies: ISM; H II
regions; ISM: lines and bands; stars: early-type
ID TO-DUST RATIO; HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION;
FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; CA-II; NA-I; H-I; INFRARED-EMISSION; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS;
FINE-STRUCTURE
AB We present the largest sample to date of intermediate-resolution blue-to-red optical spectra of B-type supergiants in M31 and undertake the first survey of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in this galaxy. Spectral classifications, radial velocities, and interstellar reddenings are presented for 34 stars in three regions of M31. Based on a subset of these stars with foreground-corrected reddening E-B-V(M31) >= 0.05, the strengths of the M31 DIBs are analyzed with respect to the amount of dust, ultraviolet radiation field strength, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission flux. Radial velocities and equivalent widths are given for the lambda 5780 and lambda 6283 DIBs toward 11 stars. Equivalent widths are also presented for the following DIBs detected in three sightlines in M31: lambda lambda 4428, 5705, 5780, 5797, 6203, 6269, 6283, 6379, 6613, 6660, and 6993. All of these M31 DIB carriers reside in clouds at radial velocities matching those of interstellar Na I and/or H I. The relationships between DIB equivalent widths and reddening (E-B-V(M31)) are consistent with those observed in the local interstellar medium (ISM) of the Milky Way (MW). Many of the observed sightlines show DIB strengths (per unit reddening) which lie at the upper end of the range of Galactic values. DIB strengths per unit reddening are found (with 68% confidence) to correlate with the interstellar UV radiation field strength. The strongest DIBs are observed where the interstellar UV flux is lowest. The mean Spitzer 8/24 mu m emission ratio in our three fields is slightly lower than that measured in the MW, but we identify no correlation between this ratio and the DIB strengths in M31. Interstellar oxygen abundances derived from the spectra of three M31 H II regions in one of the fields indicate that the average metallicity of the ISM in that region is 12 + log[O/H] = 8.54 +/- 0.18, which is approximately equal to the value in the solar neighborhood.
C1 [Cordiner, Martin A.] NASA, Astrochem Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Cordiner, Martin A.] NASA, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Cox, Nick L. J.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Astron, Louvain, Belgium.
[Evans, Christopher J.] Royal Observ Edinburgh, UK ATC, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Cordiner, Martin A.; Trundle, Carrie] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland.
[Smith, Keith T.; Sarre, Peter J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
[Gordon, Karl D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Cox, Nick L. J.] ESA, European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain.
[Cordiner, Martin A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
RP Cordiner, MA (reprint author), NASA, Astrochem Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mailstop 691,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
EM martin.cordiner@nasa.gov
FU NSF [GN-2007B-Q-116]; NASA Institute for Astrobiology; Faculty of the
European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC); Engineering and Physical
Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); ESAC
FX This paper is based on observations (GN-2007B-Q-116) obtained at the
Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities
for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the
NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership. For financial support, M. A. C.
acknowledges the NASA Institute for Astrobiology, N.L.J.C. acknowledges
the Faculty of the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), and K. T. S.
acknowledges the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
(EPSRC). M. A. C. and K. T. S. thank ESAC for visitor funding. We thank
Dr. Fabio Bresolin for discussions regarding the H II region spectra and
metallicities, Professor Paul Crowther for his classification of
3945.82, and Dr. Ian Hunter for his spectral synthesis calculations. We
gratefully acknowledge Professor Elias Brinks and Dr. Robert Braun for
providing their M31 21 cm data. This research has made use of the SIMBAD
database (operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France), and SAOImage DS9
(developed by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory).
NR 100
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 8
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR 39
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/39
PG 21
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 695ZI
UT WOS:000285411300039
ER
PT J
AU Engell, AJ
Siarkowski, M
Gryciuk, M
Sylwester, J
Sylwester, B
Golub, L
Korreck, K
Cirtain, J
AF Engell, Alexander J.
Siarkowski, Marek
Gryciuk, Magda
Sylwester, Janusz
Sylwester, Barbara
Golub, Leon
Korreck, Kelly
Cirtain, Jonathan
TI FLARES AND THEIR UNDERLYING MAGNETIC COMPLEXITY
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Sun: corona; Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: photosphere; Sun:
X-rays; gamma rays
ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; REGION TRANSIENT BRIGHTENINGS; SOLAR-A MISSION;
EMERGING FLUX; TEMPERATURE DIAGRAM; ACTIVE REGIONS; HINODE MISSION;
CORONA; LOOPS; MORPHOLOGY
AB SphinX (Solar PHotometer IN X-rays), a full-disk-integrated spectrometer, observed 137 flare-like/transient events with active region (AR) 11024 being the only AR on disk. The Hinode X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and Solar Optical Telescope observe 67 of these events and identified their location from 12: 00 UT on July 3 through 24: 00 UT 2009 July 7. We find that the predominant mechanisms for flares observed by XRT are (1) flux cancellation and (2) the shearing of underlying magnetic elements. Point-and cusp-like flare morphologies seen by XRT all occur in a magnetic environment where one polarity is impeded by the opposite polarity and vice versa, forcing the flux cancellation process. The shearing is either caused by flux emergence at the center of the AR and separation of polarities along a neutral line or by individual magnetic elements having a rotational motion. Both mechanisms are observed to contribute to single-and multiple-loop flares. We observe that most loop flares occur along a large portion of a polarity inversion line. Point-and cusp-like flares become more infrequent as the AR becomes organized with separation of the positive and negative polarities. SphinX, which allows us to identify when these flares occur, provides us with a statistically significant temperature and emission scaling law for A and B class flares: EM = 6.1 x 10(33) T-1.9 +/- 0.1.
C1 [Engell, Alexander J.; Golub, Leon; Korreck, Kelly] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Siarkowski, Marek; Gryciuk, Magda; Sylwester, Janusz; Sylwester, Barbara] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland.
[Cirtain, Jonathan] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Engell, AJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM aengell@cfa.harvard.edu
OI Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082
FU NASA [NNM07AA02C]; Polish Ministry of Education and Science [N203
381736]; European Commission [218816]
FX We sincerely thank the referee for comments and suggestions that have
strengthened the paper. We also thank Gemma Attrill, Paolo Grigis, Greg
Slater, Ted Tarbell, Paola Testa, and Aad van Ballegooijen for useful
discussions. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by
ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as
international partners. It is operated by these agencies in cooperation
with ESA and the NSC (Norway). A. E., L. G., and K. K. are supported in
part by NASA grant NNM07AA02C to the Smithsonian Astrophysical
Observatory. M. S., M. G., B. S., and J.S. acknowledge the support from
the Polish Ministry of Education and Science Grant No. N203 381736. The
research leading to these results received partial funding from the
European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under
the grant agreement No. 218816 (SOTERIA project,
http://soteria-space.eu).
NR 31
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR 12
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/12
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 695ZI
UT WOS:000285411300012
ER
PT J
AU Helled, R
Anderson, JD
Podolak, M
Schubert, G
AF Helled, Ravit
Anderson, John D.
Podolak, Morris
Schubert, Gerald
TI INTERIOR MODELS OF URANUS AND NEPTUNE
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: individual
(Uranus, Neptune); planets and satellites: interiors
ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; DENSE MATTER; JUPITER; EQUATION; SATURN; STATE;
TEMPERATURE; ROTATION; HOT
AB "Empirical" models (pressure versus density) of Uranus and Neptune interiors constrained by the gravitational coefficients J(2), J(4), the planetary radii and masses, and Voyager solid-body rotation periods are presented. The empirical pressure-density profiles are then interpreted in terms of physical equations of state of hydrogen, helium, ice (H(2)O), and rock (SiO(2)) to test the physical plausibility of the models. The compositions of Uranus and Neptune are found to be similar with somewhat different distributions of the high-Z material. The big difference between the two planets is that Neptune requires a non-solar envelope, while Uranus is best matched with a solar composition envelope. Our analysis suggests that the heavier elements in both Uranus' and Neptune's interior might increase gradually toward the planetary centers. Indeed it is possible to fit the gravitational moments without sharp compositional transitions.
C1 [Helled, Ravit; Schubert, Gerald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Helled, Ravit; Schubert, Gerald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Anderson, John D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Podolak, Morris] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
RP Helled, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM rhelled@ucla.edu; jdandy@earthlink.net; morris@tau.ac.il;
schubert@ucla.edu
FU NASA through the Southwest Research Institute; ISF [388/07]; NASA [NNX
09AB57G]
FX R.H. and J.D.A acknowledge support from NASA through the Southwest
Research Institute. M. P. acknowledges support from ISF 388/07. G. S.
acknowledges support from the NASA Planetary Atmospheres grant NNX
09AB57G.
NR 33
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 18
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR 15
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/15
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 695ZI
UT WOS:000285411300015
ER
PT J
AU Koenig, XP
Allen, LE
AF Koenig, Xavier P.
Allen, Lori E.
TI DISK EVOLUTION IN W5: INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS AT 2-5 Myr
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; infrared: stars;
protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main sequence; techniques:
spectroscopic
ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS;
SPITZER OBSERVATIONS; IRAS OBSERVATIONS; FORMING REGIONS; YOUNG
CLUSTERS; NEARBY STAR; ACCRETION; MMT
AB We present the results of a survey of young intermediate-mass stars (age < 5 Myr, 1.5M(circle dot) < M-star <= 15M(circle dot)) in the W5 massive star-forming region. We use combined optical, near-infrared, and Spitzer Space Telescope photometry and optical spectroscopy to define a sample of stars of spectral types A and B and examine their infrared excess properties. We find objects with infrared excesses characteristic of optically thick disks, i.e., Herbig AeBe stars. These stars are rare: <1.5% of the entire spectroscopic sample of A and B stars, and absent among stars more massive than 2.4M(circle dot). 7.5% of the A and B stars possess infrared excesses in a variety of morphologies that suggest their disks are in some transitional phase between an initial, optically thick accretion state and later evolutionary states. We identify four morphological classes based on the wavelength dependence of the observed excess emission above theoretical photospheric levels: (1) the optically thick disks; (2) disks with an optically thin excess over the wavelength range 2-24 mu m, similar to that shown by Classical Be stars; (3) disks that are optically thin in their inner regions based on their infrared excess at 2-8 mu m and optically thick in their outer regions based on the magnitude of the observed excess emission at 24 mu m; (4) disks that exhibit empty inner regions (no excess emission at lambda <= 8 mu m) and some measurable excess emission at 24 mu m. A sub-class of disks exhibit no significant excess emission at lambda <= 5.8 mu m, have excess emission only in the Spitzer 8 mu m band and no detection at 24 mu m. We discuss these spectral energy distribution types, and suggest physical models for disks exhibiting these emission patterns and additional observations to test these theories.
C1 [Koenig, Xavier P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Allen, Lori E.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Koenig, XP (reprint author), NASA GSFC, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
OI Koenig, Xavier/0000-0002-9478-4170
FU NASA; National Science Foundation
FX The authors thank Steve Strom and Sidney Wolff, Joan Najita, James
Muzerolle, Lee Hartmann and Nuria Calvet, Uma Gorti and Dave Hollenbach
for extensive and useful discussions on disks and young stars. This work
is based (in part) on observations made with the Spitzer Space
Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support
for this work was provided by NASA. This publication makes use of data
products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of
the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis
Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science
Foundation. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data
System. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at
CDS, Strasbourg, France.
NR 61
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR 18
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/18
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 695ZI
UT WOS:000285411300018
ER
PT J
AU Mainzer, A
Cushing, MC
Skrutskie, M
Gelino, CR
Kirkpatrick, JD
Jarrett, T
Masci, F
Marley, MS
Saumon, D
Wright, E
Beaton, R
Dietrich, M
Eisenhardt, P
Garnavich, P
Kuhn, O
Leisawitz, D
Marsh, K
McLean, I
Padgett, D
Rueff, K
AF Mainzer, A.
Cushing, Michael C.
Skrutskie, M.
Gelino, C. R.
Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
Jarrett, T.
Masci, F.
Marley, Mark S.
Saumon, D.
Wright, E.
Beaton, R.
Dietrich, M.
Eisenhardt, P.
Garnavich, P.
Kuhn, O.
Leisawitz, D.
Marsh, K.
McLean, I.
Padgett, D.
Rueff, K.
TI THE FIRST ULTRA-COOL BROWN DWARF DISCOVERED BY THE WIDE-FIELD INFRARED
SURVEY EXPLORER
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE brown dwarfs; infrared: stars; solar neighborhood; stars: late-type;
stars: low-mass
ID SUBSTELLAR MASS FUNCTION; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; T-DWARFS;
TELESCOPE-FACILITY; MU-M; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BINARY-SYSTEM; SURVEY
2MASS; PHOTOMETRY; SPECTRA
AB We report the discovery of the first new ultra-cool brown dwarf (BDs) found with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). The object's preliminary designation is WISEPC J045853.90+643451.9. Follow-up spectroscopy with the LUCIFER instrument on the Large Binocular Telescope indicates that it is a very late-type T dwarf with a spectral type approximately equal to T9. Fits to an IRTF/SpeX 0.8-2.5 mu m spectrum to the model atmospheres of Marley and Saumon indicate an effective temperature of approximately 600 K as well as the presence of vertical mixing in its atmosphere. The new BD is easily detected by WISE, with a signal-to-noise ratio of similar to 36 at 4.6 mu m. Current estimates place it at a distance of 6-10 pc. This object represents the first in what will likely be hundreds of nearby BDs found by WISE that will be suitable for follow-up observations, including those with the James Webb Space Telescope. One of the two primary scientific goals of the WISE mission is to find the coolest, closest stars to our Sun; the discovery of this new BD proves that WISE is capable of fulfilling this objective.
C1 [Mainzer, A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Eisenhardt, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Skrutskie, M.; Beaton, R.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Gelino, C. R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Jarrett, T.; Masci, F.; Marsh, K.; Padgett, D.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Marley, Mark S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Saumon, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Wright, E.; McLean, I.] UCLA Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Dietrich, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Garnavich, P.; Rueff, K.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Kuhn, O.] Univ Arizona, Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Leisawitz, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Mainzer, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM amainzer@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013;
OI Marley, Mark/0000-0002-5251-2943; Beaton, Rachael/0000-0002-1691-8217
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science
Foundation; Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S. Government [NAG
W-2166]; National Geographic Society; Sloan Foundation; Samuel Oschin
Foundation; Eastman Kodak Corporation; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und
Forschung (BMBF)
FX This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared
Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of
California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California
Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. We are deeply grateful for the outstanding contributions
of all the members of the WISE team. We thank Roger Griffith for
assistance with Figure 2 and Beth Fabinsky for assistance with early
searches. Support for the modeling work of D. S. was provided by NASA
through the Spitzer Science Center. M. C. was supported by an
appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a
contract with NASA. This publication makes use of data products from the
Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). 2MASS is a joint project of the
University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis
Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science
Foundation. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science
Archive (IRSA), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration. Our research has been benefited
from the M, L, and T dwarf compendium housed at DwarfArchives.org whose
server was funded by a NASA Small Research Grant, administered by the
American Astronomical Society. We are also indebted to the SIMBAD
database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. The Digitized Sky Surveys
were produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S.
Government grant NAG W-2166. The images of these surveys are based on
photographic data obtained using the Oschin Schmidt Telescope on Palomar
Mountain and the UK Schmidt Telescope. The Second Palomar Observatory
Sky Survey (POSS-II) was made by the California Institute of Technology
with funds from the National Science Foundation, the National Geographic
Society, the Sloan Foundation, the Samuel Oschin Foundation, and the
Eastman Kodak Corporation. The Oschin Schmidt Telescope is operated by
the California Institute of Technology and Palomar Observatory. We thank
Richard Green and the LBT staff for making the LUCIFER observations
possible. The LBT is an international collaboration among institutions
in the United States, Italy, and Germany. LBT Corporation partners are
the University of Arizona on behalf of the Arizona University System;
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Italy; LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft,
Germany, representing the Max-Planck Society, the Astrophysical
Institute Potsdam, and Heidelberg University; The Ohio State University,
and The Research Corporation, on behalf of The University of Notre Dame,
University of Minnesota and University of Virginia. The LUCIFER Project
is funded by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF). It
is a collaboration of five German institutes: Landessternwarte
Heidelberg, Max Planck Institut fur Astronomie (Heidelberg), Max Planck
Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (Garching), Fachhochschule fur
Technik und Gestaltung (Mannheim), and Astronomisches Institut der
Universitat Bochum.
NR 58
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR 30
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/30
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 695ZI
UT WOS:000285411300030
ER
PT J
AU Parravano, A
McKee, CF
Hollenbach, DJ
AF Parravano, Antonio
McKee, Christopher F.
Hollenbach, David J.
TI AN INITIAL MASS FUNCTION FOR INDIVIDUAL STARS IN GALACTIC DISKS. I.
CONSTRAINING THE SHAPE OF THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE evolution; stars: formation; stars: luminosity function, mass function
ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; BROWN DWARFS;
LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; STELLAR CLUSTERS; YOUNG CLUSTERS; TURBULENT
FRAGMENTATION; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; SUBSTELLAR
OBJECTS
AB We derive a semi-empirical galactic initial mass function (IMF) from observational constraints. We assume that the IMF, psi(m), is a smooth function of the stellar mass m. The mass dependence of the proposed IMF is determined by five parameters: the low-mass slope gamma, the high-mass slope -Gamma (taken to be -1.35), the characteristic mass m(ch) (similar to the peak mass of the IMF), and the lower and upper limits on the mass, m(l) and m(u) (taken to be 0.004 and 120 M-circle dot, respectively): psi(m)d ln m alpha m(-Gamma) {1 - exp[-(m/m(ch))(gamma+Gamma)]}d ln m. The values of gamma and m(ch) are derived from two integral constraints: (1) the ratio of the number density of stars in the range m = 0.1-0.6M(circle dot) to that in the range m = 0.6-0.8 M-circle dot as inferred from the mass distribution of field stars in the local neighborhood and (2) the ratio of the number of stars in the range m = 0.08-1 M-circle dot to the number of brown dwarfs in the range m = 0.03-0.08 M-circle dot in young clusters. The IMF satisfying the above constraints is characterized by the parameters gamma = 0.51 and m(ch) = 0.35 M-circle dot (which corresponds to a peak mass of 0.27 M-circle dot). This IMF agrees quite well with the Chabrier IMF for the entire mass range over which we have compared with data, but predicts significantly more stars with masses <0.03 M-circle dot; we also compare with other IMFs in current use and give a number of important parameters implied by the IMFs.
C1 [Parravano, Antonio] Univ Los Andes, Ctr Fis Fundamental, Merida 5101A, Venezuela.
[McKee, Christopher F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[McKee, Christopher F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Hollenbach, David J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Hollenbach, David J.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
RP Parravano, A (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Ctr Fis Fundamental, Merida 5101A, Venezuela.
NR 107
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR 27
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/27
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 695ZI
UT WOS:000285411300027
ER
PT J
AU Selwa, M
Ofman, L
Solanki, SK
AF Selwa, M.
Ofman, L.
Solanki, S. K.
TI THE ROLE OF ACTIVE REGION LOOP GEOMETRY. I. HOW CAN IT AFFECT CORONAL
SEISMOLOGY?
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: corona; Sun: oscillations
ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; TRANSVERSE OSCILLATIONS; VERTICAL OSCILLATIONS;
MAGNETOACOUSTIC WAVES; TRANSITION-REGION; MODE OSCILLATIONS;
MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRACE; SUMER; HOT
AB We present numerical results of coronal loop oscillation excitation using a three-dimensional (3D) MHD model of an idealized active region (AR) field. The AR is initialized as a potential dipole magnetic configuration with gravitationally stratified density and contains a loop with a higher density than its surroundings. We study different ways of excitation of vertical kink oscillations of this loop by velocity: as an initial condition, and as an impulsive excitation with a pulse of a given position, duration, and amplitude. We vary the geometry of the loop in the 3D MHD model and find that it affects both the period of oscillations and the synthetic observations (difference images) that we get from oscillations. Due to the overestimated effective length of the loop in the case of loops which have maximum separation between their legs above the footpoints (> 50% of observed loops), the magnetic field obtained from coronal seismology can also be overestimated. The 3D MHD model shows how the accuracy of magnetic field strength determined from coronal seismology can be improved. We study the damping mechanism of the oscillations and find that vertical kink waves in 3D stratified geometry are damped mainly due to wave leakage in the horizontal direction.
C1 [Selwa, M.; Ofman, L.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Selwa, M.; Ofman, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Solanki, S. K.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany.
[Solanki, S. K.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
RP Selwa, M (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland.
EM mselwa@mcs.st-and.ac.uk; leon.ofman@nasa.gov; solanki@mps.mpg.de
RI Solanki, Sami/E-2487-2013
OI Solanki, Sami/0000-0002-3418-8449
FU NASA [NNG06GI55G, NNX09AG10G]; Korean Ministry of Education, Science and
Technology [R31-10016]
FX M.S. expresses her sincere thanks to Dr. Tongjiang Wang for
encouragement and help in working with observational data and to Dr.
Marilena Mierla for help in IDL visualization. M.S.'s and L.O.'s work
was financially supported by the NASA SEC Theory program and NASA grants
NNG06GI55G and NNX09AG10G. S.K.S.'s work has been partially supported by
the WCU grant No. R31-10016 funded by the Korean Ministry of Education,
Science and Technology. The 3D MHD computations were performed at NASA's
Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) center.
NR 44
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR 42
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/42
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 695ZI
UT WOS:000285411300042
ER
PT J
AU Woods, PM
Kaspi, VM
Gavriil, FP
Airhart, C
AF Woods, Peter M.
Kaspi, Victoria M.
Gavriil, Fotis P.
Airhart, Carol
TI THE 2006 OUTBURST OF THE MAGNETAR CXOU J164710.2-455216
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE pulsars: individual (CXOU J164710.2-455216); stars: individual (CXOU
J164710.2-455216); stars: magnetars; stars: neutron
ID X-RAY PULSAR; SOFT GAMMA-REPEATERS; SGR 1806-20; 1RXS J170849.0-400910;
NEUTRON-STARS; GIANT FLARE; 1E 2259+586; SPIN-DOWN; EMISSION; DISCOVERY
AB We report on data obtained with the Chandra, XMM-Newton, Suzaku, and Swift X-ray observatories, following the 2006 outburst of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar CXOU J164710.2-455216. Using a more complete and higher signal-to-noise data set, we find no evidence for the very large glitch and rapid exponential decay as was reported previously for this source. We set a 3 sigma upper limit on any fractional frequency increase at the time of the outburst of Delta nu/nu < 1.5 x 10(-5). Our timing analysis, based on the longest time baseline yet, yields a spin-down rate for the pulsar that implies a surface dipolar magnetic field of similar to 9 x 10(13) G, although this could be biased high by possible recovery from an undetected glitch. We also present an analysis of the source flux and spectral evolution, and find no evidence for long-term spectral relaxation post-outburst as was previously reported.
C1 [Woods, Peter M.; Airhart, Carol] Dynetics Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
[Woods, Peter M.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Woods, Peter M.] Corvid Technol, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
[Kaspi, Victoria M.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada.
[Kaspi, Victoria M.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Gavriil, Fotis P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Gavriil, Fotis P.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Woods, PM (reprint author), Dynetics Inc, 1000 Explorer Blvd, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
EM peter.woods@corvidtec.com
RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009
FU NASA [GO7-8077A]; Moore Scholarship; NSERC; CIFAR; FQRNT; Canada
Research Chairs Program; Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics and
Cosmology
FX The authors wish to thank the referee for useful comments and the CXC
help desk for guidance on the Chandra spectral analysis. P. M. W. is
grateful for support from NASA through SAO grant GO7-8077A. V. M. K.
thanks the California Institute of Technology for hospitality and
acknowledges support from a Moore Scholarship, NSERC via a Discovery
Grant, CIFAR, FQRNT, the Canada Research Chairs Program, and the Lorne
Trottier Chair in Astrophysics and Cosmology.
NR 39
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR 37
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/37
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 695ZI
UT WOS:000285411300037
ER
PT J
AU Adame, L
Calvet, N
Luhman, KL
D'Alessio, P
Furlan, E
McClure, MK
Hartmann, L
Forrest, WJ
Watson, DM
AF Adame, Lucia
Calvet, Nuria
Luhman, K. L.
D'Alessio, Paola
Furlan, Elise
McClure, M. K.
Hartmann, Lee
Forrest, William J.
Watson, Dan M.
TI SPITZER SPECTROSCOPY OF THE CIRCUMPRIMARY DISK IN THE BINARY BROWN DWARF
2MASS J04414489+2301513
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries: close; brown dwarfs; circumstellar
matter; stars: individual (2MASS J04414489+2301513)
ID LOW-MASS STARS; SUBMILLIMETER CONTINUUM FLUX; T-TAURI STARS; INFRARED
SPECTROGRAPH; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; ACCRETION DISKS; SPACE-TELESCOPE;
PLANET FORMATION; YOUNG BINARIES; GRAIN-GROWTH
AB Using the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph, we have performed mid-infrared spectroscopy on the young binary brown dwarf 2MASS J04414489+2301513 (15 AU) in the Taurus star-forming region. The spectrum exhibits excess continuum emission that likely arises from a circumstellar disk around the primary. Silicate emission is not detected in these data, indicating the presence of significant grain growth. This is one of the few brown dwarf disks at such a young age (similar to 1 Myr) that has been found to lack silicate emission. To quantitatively constrain the properties of the disk, we have compared the spectral energy distribution of 2MASS J04414489+2301513 to the predictions of our vertical structure codes for irradiated accretion disks. Our models suggest that the remaining atmospheric grains of moderately depleted layers may have grown to a size of greater than or similar to 5 mu m. In addition, our model fits indicate an outer radius of 0.2-0.3 AU for the disk. The small size of this circumprimary disk could be due to truncation by the secondary. The absence of an outer disk containing a reservoir of small, primordial grains, combined with a weak turbulent mechanism, may be responsible for the advanced grain growth in this disk.
C1 [Adame, Lucia; Calvet, Nuria; McClure, M. K.; Hartmann, Lee] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Adame, Lucia; Watson, Dan M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Luhman, K. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Luhman, K. L.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[D'Alessio, Paola] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico.
[Furlan, Elise] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Forrest, William J.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
RP Adame, L (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM adamel@umich.edu
OI McClure, Melissa/0000-0003-1878-327X; Adame, Lucia/0000-0002-6328-6099;
Furlan, Elise/0000-0001-9800-6248
FU PAPIIT-DGAPA UNAM [IN112009]; NASA [NNX08AH94G]; National Science
Foundation [AST-0544588]; CONACyT [36571-E]; Pennsylvania State
University; Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant
Consortium
FX We thank the anonymous referee for his/her valuable comments. We
acknowledge support from grant IN112009 from PAPIIT-DGAPA UNAM (P.D. and
L.A.), grant NNX08AH94G from NASA (N.C. and L.A.), and grant AST-0544588
from the National Science Foundation (K.L.). Part of the numerical
calculations were performed on the cluster at CRyA-UNAM, acquired
through CONACyT grant 36571-E to Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni. The Center
for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds is supported by the Pennsylvania
State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania
Space Grant Consortium.
NR 47
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 2041-8205
J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT
JI Astrophys. J. Lett.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR L3
DI 10.1088/2041-8205/726/1/L3
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 694KN
UT WOS:000285296600003
ER
PT J
AU Harding, AK
Muslimov, AG
AF Harding, Alice K.
Muslimov, Alex G.
TI PULSAR PAIR CASCADES IN A DISTORTED MAGNETIC DIPOLE FIELD
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE pulsars: general; stars: neutron
ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; X-RAY-EMISSION; MILLISECOND PULSARS; POLAR CAPS;
PRODUCTION MULTIPLICITIES; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; RADIO-EMISSION; LIGHT
CURVES; WHITE-DWARFS; SLOT GAPS
AB We investigate the effect of a distorted neutron star dipole magnetic field on pulsar pair cascade multiplicity and pair death lines. Using a simple model for a distorted dipole field that produces an offset polar cap (PC), we derive the accelerating electric field above the PC in space-charge-limited flow. We find that even a modest azimuthally asymmetric distortion can significantly increase the accelerating electric field on one side of the PC and, combined with a smaller field line radius of curvature, leads to larger pair multiplicity. The death line for producing pairs by curvature radiation moves downward in the P-P. diagram, allowing high pair multiplicities in a larger percentage of the radio pulsar population. These results could have important implications for the radio pulsar population, high energy pulsed emission, and the pulsar contribution to cosmic ray positrons.
C1 [Harding, Alice K.; Muslimov, Alex G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Muslimov, Alex G.] Univ Space Res Assoc, CRESST, Columbia, MD 21044 USA.
RP Harding, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012
FU NASA; Fermi Guest Investigator Program; Universities Space Research
Association
FX A.K.H. thanks the Aspen Center for Physics where fruitful discussions,
particularly with J. Arons, A. Timokhin, O. De Jager, and A. Spitkovsky
provided stimulation for this work. We also acknowledge support from the
NASA Astrophysics Theory and Fundamental Physics Program, the Fermi
Guest Investigator Program, and the Universities Space Research
Association.
NR 43
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 2041-8205
J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT
JI Astrophys. J. Lett.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR L10
DI 10.1088/2041-8205/726/1/L10
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 694KN
UT WOS:000285296600010
ER
PT J
AU Overzier, RA
Heckman, TM
Wang, J
Armus, L
Buat, V
Howell, J
Meurer, G
Seibert, M
Siana, B
Basu-Zych, A
Charlot, S
Goncalves, TS
Martin, DC
Neill, JD
Rich, RM
Salim, S
Schiminovich, D
AF Overzier, Roderik A.
Heckman, Timothy M.
Wang, Jing
Armus, Lee
Buat, Veronique
Howell, Justin
Meurer, Gerhardt
Seibert, Mark
Siana, Brian
Basu-Zych, Antara
Charlot, Stephane
Goncalves, Thiago S.
Martin, D. Christopher
Neill, James D.
Rich, R. Michael
Salim, Samir
Schiminovich, David
TI DUST ATTENUATION IN UV-SELECTED STARBURSTS AT HIGH REDSHIFT AND THEIR
LOCAL COUNTERPARTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE COSMIC STAR FORMATION RATE
DENSITY
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE dust, extinction; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: peculiar; galaxies:
starburst
ID LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; ULTRAVIOLET-LUMINOUS GALAXIES; ULTRA DEEP FIELD;
SIMILAR-TO 3; FORMING GALAXIES; FORMATION HISTORY; EXTINCTION;
OBSCURATION; ANALOGS; COLORS
AB We present a new analysis of the dust obscuration in starburst galaxies at low and high redshifts. This study is motivated by our unique sample of themost extreme UV-selected starburst galaxies in the nearby universe (z < 0.3), found to be good analogs of high-redshift Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) in most of their physical properties. We find that the dust properties of the Lyman break analogs (LBAs) are consistent with the relation derived previously by Meurer et al. (M99) that is commonly used to dust-correct star formation rate (SFR) measurements at a very wide range of redshifts. We directly compare our results with high-redshift samples (LBGs, "BzK," and submillimeter galaxies at z similar to 2-3) having IR data either from Spitzer or Herschel. The attenuation in typical LBGs at z similar to 2-3 and LBAs is very similar. Because LBAs are much better analogs to LBGs compared to previous local star-forming samples, including M99, the practice of dust-correcting the SFRs of high-redshift galaxies based on the local calibration is now placed on a much more solid ground. We illustrate the importance of this result by showing how the locally calibrated relation between UV measurements and extinction is used to estimate the integrated, dust-corrected SFR density at z similar or equal to 2-6.
C1 [Overzier, Roderik A.; Wang, Jing] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Heckman, Timothy M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Armus, Lee; Howell, Justin] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Buat, Veronique] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, OAMP, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France.
[Meurer, Gerhardt] Univ Western Australia, ICRAR, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
[Seibert, Mark] Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
[Basu-Zych, Antara] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Charlot, Stephane] PMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France.
[Rich, R. Michael] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron & Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Salim, Samir] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Schiminovich, David] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA.
RP Overzier, RA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
EM overzier@mpa-garching.mpg.de
NR 50
TC 67
Z9 68
U1 1
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 2041-8205
J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT
JI Astrophys. J. Lett.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 726
IS 1
AR L7
DI 10.1088/2041-8205/726/1/L7
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 694KN
UT WOS:000285296600007
ER
PT J
AU Aguirre, JE
Ginsburg, AG
Dunham, MK
Drosback, MM
Bally, J
Battersby, C
Bradley, ET
Cyganowski, C
Dowell, D
Evans, NJ
Glenn, J
Harvey, P
Rosolowsky, E
Stringfellow, GS
Walawender, J
Williams, JP
AF Aguirre, James E.
Ginsburg, Adam G.
Dunham, Miranda K.
Drosback, Meredith M.
Bally, John
Battersby, Cara
Bradley, Eric Todd
Cyganowski, Claudia
Dowell, Darren
Evans, Neal J., II
Glenn, Jason
Harvey, Paul
Rosolowsky, Erik
Stringfellow, Guy S.
Walawender, Josh
Williams, Jonathan P.
TI THE BOLOCAM GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY: SURVEY DESCRIPTION AND DATA REDUCTION
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE ISM: clouds; methods: data analysis; stars: formation; stars: massive;
submillimeter: ISM; surveys
ID INFRARED-DARK CLOUDS; DUST CONTINUUM EMISSION; C2D LEGACY CLOUDS;
STAR-FORMING REGIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; DENSE CORES;
MILKY-WAY; MU-M; SUBMILLIMETER
AB We present the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS), a 1.1 mm continuum survey at 33 '' effective resolution of 170 deg(2) of the Galactic Plane visible from the northern hemisphere. The BGPS is one of the first large area, systematic surveys of the Galactic Plane in the millimeter continuum without pre-selected targets. The survey is contiguous over the range-10.5 <= l <= 90.5, vertical bar b vertical bar <= 0.5. Toward the Cygnus X spiral arm, the coverage was flared to vertical bar b vertical bar <= 1.5 for 75.5 <= l <= 87.5. In addition, cross-cuts to vertical bar b vertical bar <= 1.5 were made at l = 3, 15, 30, and 31. The total area of this section is 133 deg(2). With the exception of the increase in latitude, no pre-selection criteria were applied to the coverage in this region. In addition to the contiguous region, four targeted regions in the outer Galaxy were observed: IC1396 (9 deg(2), 97.5 <= l <= 100.5, 2.25 <= b <= 5.25), a region toward the Perseus Arm (4 deg(2) centered on l = 111, b = 0 near NGC 7538), W3/4/5 (18 deg(2), 132.5 <= l <= 138.5), and Gem OB1 (6 deg(2), 187.5 <= l <= 193.5). The survey has detected approximately 8400 clumps over the entire area to a limiting non-uniform 1s noise level in the range 11-53 mJy beam(-1) in the inner Galaxy. The BGPS source catalog is presented in a previously published companion paper. This paper details the survey observations and data reduction methods for the images. We discuss in detail the determination of astrometric and flux density calibration uncertainties and compare our results to the literature. Data processing algorithms that separate astronomical signals from time-variable atmospheric fluctuations in the data timestream are presented. These algorithms reproduce the structure of the astronomical sky over a limited range of angular scales and produce artifacts in the vicinity of bright sources. Based on simulations, we find that extended emission on scales larger than about 5'.9 is nearly completely attenuated (>90%) and the linear scale at which the attenuation reaches 50% is 3'.8. Comparison with other millimeter-wave data sets implies a possible systematic offset in flux calibration, for which no cause has been discovered. This presentation serves as a companion and guide to the public data release (http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/Missions/bolocam.html) through NASA's Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) Infrared Science Archive (IRSA). New data releases will be provided through IPAC-IRSA with any future improvements in the reduction. The BGPS provides a complementary long-wavelength spectral band for the ongoing ATLASGAL and Herschel-SPIRE surveys, and an important database and context for imminent observations with SCUBA-2 and ALMA.
C1 [Aguirre, James E.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Ginsburg, Adam G.; Bally, John; Battersby, Cara; Glenn, Jason; Harvey, Paul; Stringfellow, Guy S.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Dunham, Miranda K.; Evans, Neal J., II; Harvey, Paul] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Drosback, Meredith M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Bradley, Eric Todd] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Cyganowski, Claudia] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Dowell, Darren] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91104 USA.
[Rosolowsky, Erik] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Okanagan, BC, Canada.
[Walawender, Josh] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
[Williams, Jonathan P.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Aguirre, JE (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM jaguirre@sas.upenn.edu
OI Williams, Jonathan/0000-0001-5058-695X; Ginsburg,
Adam/0000-0001-6431-9633
FU NSF [AST-0838261]; National Science Foundation NSF [AST-0708403,
AST-0607793]; National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO)
FX We acknowledge the staff and day crew of the CSO for their assistance.
The CSO is operated under NSF Cooperative Agreement AST-0838261. The
BGPS project is supported by the National Science Foundation through NSF
grant AST-0708403. J.A. was supported by a Jansky Fellowship from the
National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). The first observing runs
for BGPS were supported by travel funds provided by NRAO. Support for
the development of Bolocam was provided by NSF grants AST-9980846 and
AST-0206158. Team support was provided in part by NSF grant AST-0607793
to the University of Texas at Austin.
NR 60
TC 144
Z9 144
U1 0
U2 7
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0067-0049
J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S
JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 192
IS 1
AR 4
DI 10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/4
PG 26
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 700CO
UT WOS:000285710500004
ER
PT J
AU Witthoeft, MC
Garcia, J
Kallman, TR
Bautista, MA
Mendoza, C
Palmeri, P
Quinet, P
AF Witthoeft, M. C.
Garcia, J.
Kallman, T. R.
Bautista, M. A.
Mendoza, C.
Palmeri, P.
Quinet, P.
TI K-SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION OF Na-LIKE TO Cl-LIKE IONS OF Mg, Si, S, Ar, AND
Ca
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE atomic data; atomic processes; line: formation; X-rays: general
ID CHANDRA GRATING SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; R-MATRIX METHOD;
VACANCY STATES; ISONUCLEAR SEQUENCES; GENERAL PROGRAM; AUGER DECAY;
ATOMIC DATA; FE-XVII; PHOTOABSORPTION
AB We present R-matrix calculations of photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections across the K edge of Mg, Si, S, Ar, and Ca ions with more than 10 electrons. The calculations include the effects of radiative and Auger damping by means of an optical potential. The wave functions are constructed from single-electron orbital bases obtained using a Thomas-Fermi-Dirac statistical model potential. Configuration interaction is considered among all states up to n = 3. The damping processes affect the resonances converging to the K-thresholds causing them to display symmetric profiles of constant width that smear the otherwise sharp edge at the photoionization threshold. These data are important for the modeling of features found in photoionized plasmas.
C1 [Witthoeft, M. C.; Garcia, J.; Kallman, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Bautista, M. A.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.
[Mendoza, C.] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Fis, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
[Palmeri, P.; Quinet, P.] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
RP Witthoeft, MC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
FU NASA; Belgian F.R.S.-FNRS
FX Support for this research was provided in part by a grant from the NASA
Astronomy and Physics Research (APRA) program. P.P. and P.Q. are
respectively Research Associate and Senior Research Associate of the
Belgian F.R.S.-FNRS. Financial support from this organization is
acknowledged.
NR 40
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0067-0049
J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S
JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 192
IS 1
AR 7
DI 10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/7
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 700CO
UT WOS:000285710500007
ER
PT S
AU Camero-Arranz, A
Finger, MH
Wilson-Hodge, CA
Jenke, P
Coe, MJ
Steele, I
Caballero, I
Gutierrez-Soto, J
Kretschmar, P
Suso, J
McBride, VA
Rodriguez, J
AF Camero-Arranz, A.
Finger, M. H.
Wilson-Hodge, C. A.
Jenke, P.
Coe, M. J.
Steele, I.
Caballero, I.
Gutierrez-Soto, J.
Kretschmar, P.
Suso, J.
McBride, V. A.
Rodriguez, J.
BE Gogus, E
Belloni, T
Ertan, U
TI A 0535+26: an X-ray/Optical Tour
SO ASTROPHYSICS OF NEUTRON STARS 2010: A CONFERENCE IN HONOR OF M. ALI
ALPAR
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Astrophysics of Neutron Stars in Honor of M Ali Alpar
(ASTRONS)
CY AUG 02-06, 2010
CL Cesme, TURKEY
SP Sabanci Univ, European Commiss FP6 Marie Curie Act
DE X-rays; Optical; Pulsars
ID RAY BURST MONITOR; A-0535+26; OUTBURST; PULSARS
AB We compiled X-ray and Optical observations of the accreting X-ray binary sytem A 0535+26 since its discovery in 1975, that will allow us to shed light on the unpredictible behavior of this binary system. We present the data in terms of the Be-disc interaction with the neutron star companion. In addition, we show recent results from the continous monitoring of this source by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), on board the Fermi observatory, since its launch in 2008 June 11.
C1 [Camero-Arranz, A.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, TX USA.
[Finger, M. H.] Univ Space Res Associat, Huntsville, TX USA.
[Jenke, P.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Cent, Huntsville, TX USA.
[Coe, M. J.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England.
[Kretschmar, P.] ESA ESAC, Madrid, Spain.
[Finger, M. H.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX USA.
RP Camero-Arranz, A (reprint author), Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, TX USA.
RI Gutierrez-Soto, Juan/H-9620-2015; Suso , Julia/F-8076-2016;
OI Gutierrez-Soto, Juan/0000-0001-6736-0551; Kretschmar,
Peter/0000-0001-9840-2048; Rodriguez, Jerome/0000-0002-4151-4468
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0939-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2011
VL 1379
DI 10.1063/1.3629496
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BZT86
UT WOS:000302936600021
ER
PT S
AU Kreykenbohm, I
Furst, F
Kuhnel, M
Muller, S
Barragan, L
Wilms, J
Pottschmidt, K
Suchy, S
Rothschild, RE
AF Kreykenbohm, Ingo
Fuerst, F.
Kuehnel, M.
Mueller, S.
Barragan, L.
Wilms, J.
Pottschmidt, K.
Suchy, S.
Rothschild, R. E.
BE Gogus, E
Belloni, T
Ertan, U
TI A scarcely known accreting X-ray pulsar
SO ASTROPHYSICS OF NEUTRON STARS 2010: A CONFERENCE IN HONOR OF M. ALI
ALPAR
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Astrophysics of Neutron Stars in Honor of M Ali Alpar
(ASTRONS)
CY AUG 02-06, 2010
CL Cesme, TURKEY
SP Sabanci Univ, European Commiss FP6 Marie Curie Act
DE X-rays: stars; stars: magnetic fields; stars: pulsars: individual: 4U
1909+07
ID NEUTRON-STARS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CYCLOTRON LINES; VELA X-1; X1908+075;
BINARY; PERIOD
AB We present a spectral and temporal analysis of the accreting X-ray pulsar 4U 1909+07 observed with INTEGRAL and RXTE. Although this source is known already for many years, until recently only very little was known about it. 4U 1909+07 was only a few years ago discovered to be an accreting X-ray pulsar, although it is typically detected at a level of about 15 mCrab in INTEGRAL/ISGRI, but can reach about 300 mCrab during flaring activity. We perform one of the first detailed spectral and temporal analyzes of this source, i.e. we study the evolution of the pulse period, analyze the energy dependence of the pulse profile, model the broad band continuum, search for cyclotron resonant scattering features, and perform phase resolved spectroscopy.
C1 [Kreykenbohm, Ingo; Fuerst, F.; Kuehnel, M.; Mueller, S.; Barragan, L.; Wilms, J.] Dr Karl Remeis Observ, ECAP, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany.
[Pottschmidt, K.] Univ Maryland, Cent Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Suchy, S.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Pottschmidt, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Kreykenbohm, I (reprint author), Dr Karl Remeis Observ, ECAP, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany.
RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013
OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0939-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2011
VL 1379
DI 10.1063/1.3629495
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BZT86
UT WOS:000302936600020
ER
PT J
AU Arola, A
Schuster, G
Myhre, G
Kazadzis, S
Dey, S
Tripathi, SN
AF Arola, A.
Schuster, G.
Myhre, G.
Kazadzis, S.
Dey, S.
Tripathi, S. N.
TI Inferring absorbing organic carbon content from AERONET data
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; BLACK CARBON;
LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BROWN CARBON; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; INDUSTRIAL-CITY;
NORTHERN INDIA; MASS; PARTICLES
AB Black carbon, light-absorbing organic carbon (often called "brown carbon") and mineral dust are the major light-absorbing aerosols. Currently the sources and formation of brown carbon aerosol in particular are not well understood. In this study we estimated the amount of light-absorbing organic carbon and black carbon from AERONET measurements. We find that the columnar absorbing organic carbon (brown carbon) levels in biomass burning regions of South America and Africa are relatively high (about 15-20 mg m(-2) during biomass burning season), while the concentrations are significantly lower in urban areas in US and Europe. However, we estimated significant absorbing organic carbon amounts from the data of megacities of newly industrialized countries, particularly in India and China, showing also clear seasonality with peak values up to 30-35 mg m(-2) during the coldest season, likely caused by the coal and biofuel burning used for heating. We also compared our retrievals with the modeled organic carbon by the global Oslo CTM for several sites. Model values are higher in biomass burning regions than AERONET-based retrievals, while the opposite is true in urban areas in India and China.
C1 [Arola, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
[Schuster, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr Hampton, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Myhre, G.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, N-0318 Oslo, Norway.
[Kazadzis, S.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens 15236, Greece.
[Dey, S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA.
[Tripathi, S. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Tripathi, S. N.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
RP Arola, A (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
EM antti.arola@fmi.fi
RI Kazadzis, Stelios/F-8667-2011; Tripathi, Sachchida/J-4840-2016; Myhre,
Gunnar/A-3598-2008
OI Kazadzis, Stelios/0000-0002-8624-8247; Arola, Antti/0000-0002-9220-0194;
Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X
FU Department of Science and Technology, ICRP; Indian Space Research
Organisation; NASA at Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA; Marie Curie
project [ACI-UV PERG05-GA-2009-247492]
FX S. N. Tripathi acknowledges support from Department of Science and
Technology, ICRP and Indian Space Research Organisation GBP programmes.
S. N. Tripathi was also supported in part by appointment to the NASA
Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak
Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. SK would
like to acknowledge Marie Curie project ACI-UV PERG05-GA-2009-247492.
NR 45
TC 61
Z9 64
U1 0
U2 28
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 1
BP 215
EP 225
DI 10.5194/acp-11-215-2011
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 705ZO
UT WOS:000286180200016
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, JH
Su, H
Zhai, C
Massie, ST
Schoeberl, MR
Colarco, PR
Platnick, S
Gu, Y
Liou, KN
AF Jiang, J. H.
Su, H.
Zhai, C.
Massie, S. T.
Schoeberl, M. R.
Colarco, P. R.
Platnick, S.
Gu, Y.
Liou, K-N.
TI Influence of convection and aerosol pollution on ice cloud particle
effective radius
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DEEP CONVECTION; SIZE; PARAMETERIZATION; PRODUCTS
AB Satellite observations show that ice cloud effective radius (r(e)) increases with ice water content (IWC) but decreases with aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Using least-squares fitting to the observed data, we obtain an analytical formula to describe the variations of r(e) with IWC and AOT for several regions with distinct characteristics of r(e)-IWC-AOT relationships. As IWC directly relates to convective strength and AOT represents aerosol loading, our empirical formula provides a means to quantify the relative roles of dynamics and aerosols in controlling r(e) in different geographical regions, and to establish a framework for parameterization of aerosol effects on r(e) in climate models.
C1 [Jiang, J. H.; Su, H.; Zhai, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Massie, S. T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Schoeberl, M. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD USA.
[Colarco, P. R.; Platnick, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Gu, Y.; Liou, K-N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
RP Jiang, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM jonathan.h.jiang@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014
OI Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567
FU NASA ACMAP; IDS; NASA
FX We thank the NASA ACMAP and IDS programs for support. The work was
conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, under contract with NASA.
NR 30
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 2
BP 457
EP 463
DI 10.5194/acp-11-457-2011
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 713GE
UT WOS:000286722300003
ER
PT J
AU Shi, Y
Zhang, J
Reid, JS
Holben, B
Hyer, EJ
Curtis, C
AF Shi, Y.
Zhang, J.
Reid, J. S.
Holben, B.
Hyer, E. J.
Curtis, C.
TI An analysis of the collection 5 MODIS over-ocean aerosol optical depth
product for its implication in aerosol assimilation
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB As an update to our previous use of the collection 4 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) over-ocean aerosol optical depth (AOD) data, we examined ten years of Terra and eight years of Aqua collection 5 data for its potential usage in aerosol assimilation. Uncertainties in the over-ocean MODIS AOD were studied as functions of observing conditions, such as surface characteristics, aerosol optical properties, and cloud artifacts. Empirical corrections and quality assurance procedures were developed and compared to collection 4 data. After applying these procedures, the Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) in the MODIS Terra and Aqua AOD are reduced by 30% and 10-20%, respectively, with respect to AERONET data. Ten years of Terra and eight years of Aqua quality-assured level 3 MODIS over-ocean aerosol products were produced. The newly developed MODIS over-ocean aerosol products will be used in operational aerosol assimilation and aerosol climatology studies, as well as other research based on MODIS products.
C1 [Shi, Y.; Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND USA.
[Reid, J. S.; Hyer, E. J.; Curtis, C.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
[Holben, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND USA.
EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu
RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014
OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955
FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA
FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Code 322, the
Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program, and the NASA
Interdisciplinary Science Program. Yingxi Shi is supported by the NASA
Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) Program. We acknowledge and
appreciate the AERONET program and their contributing principal
investigators and their staff for establishing and maintaining the
coastal sites used in this investigation. We thank Lorraine Remer for
her constructive suggestions. We thank William Lahoz and an anonymous
reviewer for their thoughtful comments.
NR 13
TC 69
Z9 70
U1 0
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 2
BP 557
EP 565
DI 10.5194/acp-11-557-2011
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 713GE
UT WOS:000286722300011
ER
PT J
AU Wood, R
Mechoso, CR
Bretherton, CS
Weller, RA
Huebert, B
Straneo, F
Albrecht, BA
Coe, H
Allen, G
Vaughan, G
Daum, P
Fairall, C
Chand, D
Klenner, LG
Garreaud, R
Grados, C
Covert, DS
Bates, TS
Krejci, R
Russell, LM
de Szoeke, S
Brewer, A
Yuter, SE
Springston, SR
Chaigneau, A
Toniazzo, T
Minnis, P
Palikonda, R
Abel, SJ
Brown, WOJ
Williams, S
Fochesatto, J
Brioude, J
Bower, KN
AF Wood, R.
Mechoso, C. R.
Bretherton, C. S.
Weller, R. A.
Huebert, B.
Straneo, F.
Albrecht, B. A.
Coe, H.
Allen, G.
Vaughan, G.
Daum, P.
Fairall, C.
Chand, D.
Gallardo Klenner, L.
Garreaud, R.
Grados, C.
Covert, D. S.
Bates, T. S.
Krejci, R.
Russell, L. M.
de Szoeke, S.
Brewer, A.
Yuter, S. E.
Springston, S. R.
Chaigneau, A.
Toniazzo, T.
Minnis, P.
Palikonda, R.
Abel, S. J.
Brown, W. O. J.
Williams, S.
Fochesatto, J.
Brioude, J.
Bower, K. N.
TI The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment
(VOCALS-REx): goals, platforms, and field operations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; LIQUID WATER PATH; DIURNAL CYCLE;
TROPICAL PACIFIC; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CELLULAR STRUCTURES;
BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPEN CELLS; PART I; VARIABILITY
AB The VAMOS(1) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) was an international field program designed to make observations of poorly understood but critical components of the coupled climate system of the southeast Pacific. This region is characterized by strong coastal upwelling, the coolest SSTs in the tropical belt, and is home to the largest subtropical stratocumulus deck on Earth. The field intensive phase of VOCALS-REx took place during October and November 2008 and constitutes a critical part of a broader CLIVAR program (VOCALS) designed to develop and promote scientific activities leading to improved understanding, model simulations, and predictions of the southeastern Pacific (SEP) coupled ocean-atmosphere-land system, on diurnal to interannual timescales. The other major components of VOCALS are a modeling program with a model hierarchy ranging from the local to global scales, and a suite of extended observations from regular research cruises, instrumented moorings, and satellites. The two central themes of VOCALS-REx focus upon (a) links between aerosols, clouds and precipitation and their impacts on marine stratocumulus radiative properties, and (b) physical and chemical couplings between the upper ocean and the lower atmosphere, including the role that mesoscale ocean eddies play. A set of hypotheses designed to be tested with the combined field, monitoring and modeling work in VOCALS is presented here. A further goal of VOCALS-REx is to provide datasets for the evaluation and improvement of large-scale numerical models. VOCALS-REx involved five research aircraft, two ships and two surface sites in northern Chile. We describe the instrument pay-loads and key mission strategies for these platforms and give a summary of the missions conducted.
C1 [Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.; Chand, D.; Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Mechoso, C. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Weller, R. A.; Straneo, F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA.
[Huebert, B.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Albrecht, B. A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Coe, H.; Allen, G.; Vaughan, G.; Bower, K. N.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Daum, P.; Springston, S. R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Fairall, C.; Brewer, A.; Brioude, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Gallardo Klenner, L.; Garreaud, R.] Univ Chile, Dept Geofis, Santiago, Chile.
[Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Krejci, R.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci ITM, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
[de Szoeke, S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Yuter, S. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Toniazzo, T.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England.
[Chaigneau, A.] Inst Rech Dev, Marseille, France.
[Minnis, P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Abel, S. J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Brown, W. O. J.; Williams, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Fochesatto, J.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Brioude, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Palikonda, R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Wood, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM robwood@atmos.washington.edu
RI Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Wood,
Robert/A-2989-2008; Abel, Steven/H-4880-2012; Allen, Grant /A-7737-2013;
Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Chaigneau, Alexis/E-4324-2010; Krejci,
Radovan/L-3257-2013; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015; Vaughan,
Geraint/O-2459-2015; Gallardo, Laura/H-4370-2013; Garreaud,
Rene/I-6298-2016; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016
OI Garreaud, Rene/0000-0002-7875-2443; Straneo,
Fiammetta/0000-0002-1735-2366; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713; Minnis,
Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; Abel,
Steven/0000-0002-1330-4199; Allen, Grant /0000-0002-7070-3620; Krejci,
Radovan/0000-0002-9384-9702; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X; Vaughan,
Geraint/0000-0002-0885-0398; Gallardo, Laura/0000-0001-7605-3721;
FU Natural Environment Research Council, UK; DoE [DE-AI02-07ER64546]; US
National Science Foundation [OCE07-44245, ATM-0934275, ATM0748012,
ATM-0749011, ATM-0746685, AGS-0745337, ATM-0744636, ATM-0839872,
ATM-0749088, ATM-0745702, ATM-0745986, OCE-0744245, OCE-0741917]; US
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320899,
NA09OAR4310206, NA070AR4310282, NA08OAR4310597, NA08OAR4310566,
GC08-252b]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310267, NA06OAR4310119, NA07OAR4310248]; NSF;
US Office of Naval Research [PE 0602435, N000140810437]; Chilean
FONDECYT [1109004, 1090412]; Swedish Research Council for Environment,
Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning [2007-1008]; Met Office (UK);
UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F019874/1, NE/F018592/1];
NSF-NCAR [0301213]
FX It is practically impossible to acknowledge all the people who have
contributed to VOCALS, but we can try to pay tribute to the various
groups that have dedicated their resources, efforts, sweat and tears to
the planning and execution of the program. First, we need to thank the
teams led by Bob Weller at WHOI that deployed and maintained with annual
cruises the IMET buoy which has provided almost a decade of high quality
meteorological, radiation and oceanographic measurements. Thanks to
Chris Fairall and coworkers at ESRL, and the scientists involved in the
EPIC Stratocumulus cruise, these ship-borne data have led to a wealth of
scientific data. We are extremely grateful to the support staff, crew
and scientists who helped make the VOCALS-REx a success. These include
the PIs, support scientists and crews of the six aircraft platforms (the
NSF/NCAR C-130, the UK FAAM BAe-146, the DoE G-1, the CIRPAS Twin Otter,
the UK NERC Dornier 228, and, in the 2010 CUpEx phase, the Chilean DGAC
King Air), the two ships (the NOAA Ronald H. Brown, and the Peruvian
IMARPE Jose Olaya), and the land stations at Iquique and Paposo. The
NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory is thanked for their dedication to
coordinating and executing field logistics and data archive support for
VOCALS REx. The cooperation of hosts and collaborators in Chile and Peru
who provided various critical facilities and support during REx is
gratefully acknowledged. These include dedicated staff from the Chilean
Weather Service (DMC), Ana Maria Cordova at Universidad de Valparaiso,
Ricardo Munoz, Jose Rutllant and fellow students at Universidad de
Chile, Rosalino Fuenzalida, and fellow staff and students at Universidad
Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile; Yamina Silva at Instituto Geofisico del
Peru, Lima and Boris Dewitte at Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et
Oceanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Toulouse, France. Sounding operations
were led by Tim Lim and quality control by Kate Young, both of NCAR/EOL.
We also thank the Natural Environment Research Council, UK, for
supporting the UK University contribution to VOCALS, and to FAAM,
Directflight Ltd., Avalon Engineering Ltd, and ARSF, for providing the
BAe146 and Dornier-228 aircraft respectively. Without the untiring
efforts of the staff of these Facilities the science objectives of
VOCALS would not have been met. The European Southern Observatory (ESO)
are thanked for their help and support for measurements at Paranal. The
NASA Langley GOES-10 analyses were supported by the NASA Modeling,
Analysis, and Prediction Program and the DoE Atmospheric Radiation
Measurement Program Agreement DE-AI02-07ER64546.; Funding for VOCALS-REx
was provided through the following grants: US National Science
Foundation grants OCE07-44245, ATM-0934275, ATM0748012, ATM-0749011,
ATM-0746685, AGS-0745337, ATM-0744636, ATM-0839872, ATM-0749088,
ATM-0745702, ATM-0745986, OCE-0744245 and OCE-0741917; US National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grants NA08OAR4320899,
NA09OAR4310206, NA070AR4310282, NA08OAR4310597, NA08OAR4310566, and
GC08-252b; cooperative agreements between NOAA and NSF to fund
logistics, operations and data archiving funded through NOAA grants
NA07OAR4310267, NA06OAR4310119, and NA07OAR4310248; the US Office of
Naval Research grants PE 0602435, N000140810437, and N000140810465; the
Chilean FONDECYT grants 1109004 and 1090412; the Swedish Research
Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning
grant 2007-1008; The Met Office (UK); the UK Natural Environment
Research Council grants NE/F019874/1 and NE/F018592/1; NSF-NCAR
Cooperative Agreement: 0301213 Amendment 64 funded VOCALS Field Support;
Meteo France.
NR 53
TC 130
Z9 131
U1 0
U2 38
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 2
BP 627
EP 654
DI 10.5194/acp-11-627-2011
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 713GE
UT WOS:000286722300016
ER
PT J
AU Lee, J
Worden, J
Noone, D
Bowman, K
Eldering, A
LeGrande, A
Li, JLF
Schmidt, G
Sodemann, H
AF Lee, J.
Worden, J.
Noone, D.
Bowman, K.
Eldering, A.
LeGrande, A.
Li, J-L. F.
Schmidt, G.
Sodemann, H.
TI Relating tropical ocean clouds to moist processes using water vapor
isotope measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CYCLE; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; CONVECTION; RATIOS; TROPOPAUSE;
TRANSPORT; DEUTERIUM; EXCHANGE; MODEL
AB We examine the co-variations of tropospheric water vapor, its isotopic composition and cloud types and relate these distributions to tropospheric mixing and distillation models using satellite observations from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) over the summertime tropical ocean. Interpretation of these process distributions must take into account the sensitivity of the TES isotope and water vapor measurements to variations in cloud, water, and temperature amount. Consequently, comparisons are made between cloud-types based on the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISSCP) classification; these are clear sky, non-precipitating (e.g., cumulus), boundary layer (e.g., stratocumulus), and precipitating clouds (e.g. regions of deep convection). In general, we find that the free tropospheric vapor over tropical oceans does not strictly follow a Rayleigh model in which air parcels become dry and isotopically depleted through condensation. Instead, mixing processes related to convection as well as subsidence, and reevaporation of rainfall associated with organized deep convection all play significant roles in controlling the water vapor distribution. The relative role of these moisture processes are examined for different tropical oceanic regions.
C1 [Lee, J.; Worden, J.; Bowman, K.; Eldering, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Noone, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Noone, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[LeGrande, A.; Li, J-L. F.; Schmidt, G.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA.
[LeGrande, A.; Li, J-L. F.; Schmidt, G.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA.
[Sodemann, H.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway.
RP Lee, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM jeonghoon.d.lee@gmail.com
RI Lee, Jeonghoon/E-8116-2010; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; LeGrande,
Allegra/D-8920-2012
OI Lee, Jeonghoon/0000-0002-1256-4431; Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486;
LeGrande, Allegra/0000-0002-5295-0062
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [07-NEWS07-20]
FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Support
from NASA funding under 07-NEWS07-20 is gratefully acknowledged. We
thank Matthias Schneider for his comments. Copyright 2010. All rights
reserved.
NR 45
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 5
U2 27
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 2
BP 741
EP 752
DI 10.5194/acp-11-741-2011
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 713GE
UT WOS:000286722300023
ER
PT J
AU Chen, CM
Cageao, RP
Lawrence, L
Stutz, J
Salawitch, RJ
Jourdain, L
Li, Q
Sander, SP
AF Chen, C. M.
Cageao, R. P.
Lawrence, L.
Stutz, J.
Salawitch, R. J.
Jourdain, L.
Li, Q.
Sander, S. P.
TI Diurnal variation of midlatitudinal NO3 column abundance over table
mountain facility, California
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOS-ANGELES
BASIN; ATMOSPHERIC NO3; TROPOSPHERIC NO3; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE;
VERTICAL PROFILES; STRATOSPHERIC NO3; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS;
SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENTS
AB The column abundance of NO3 was measured over Table Mountain Facility, CA (34.4 degrees N, 117.7 degrees W) from May 2003 through September 2004, using lunar occultation near full moon with a grating spectrometer. The NO3 column retrieval was performed with the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique using both the 623 and 662 nm NO3 absorption bands. Other spectral features such as Fraunhofer lines and absorption from water vapor and oxygen were removed using solar spectra obtained at different airmass factors. We observed a seasonal variation, with nocturnally averaged NO3 columns between 5 - 7 x 10(13) molec cm(-2) during October through March, and 5 - 22 x 10(13) molec cm(-2) during April through September. A subset of the data, with diurnal variability vastly different from the temporal profile obtained from one-dimensional stratospheric model calculations, clearly has boundary layer contributions; this was confirmed by simultaneous long-path DOAS measurements. However, even the NO3 columns that did follow the modeled time evolution were often much larger than modeled stratospheric partial columns constrained by realistic temperatures and ozone concentrations. This discrepancy is attributed to substantial tropospheric NO3 in the free troposphere, which may have the same time dependence as stratospheric NO3.
C1 [Chen, C. M.; Cageao, R. P.; Salawitch, R. J.; Jourdain, L.; Li, Q.; Sander, S. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Lawrence, L.; Stutz, J.; Li, Q.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
RP Chen, CM (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany.
EM claudine.chen+acp@googlemail.com
RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014
OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832;
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The research described in this paper was carried out at Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. It was supported by
grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The SAGE
III data used in this comparison are from L2 Lunar Event Species
Profiles, v3.00, available from the NASA Langley Research Center
Atmospheric Sciences Data Center (http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov). We thank
R. Moore for assistance with the SAGE III data, T. Leblanc for the TMF
lidar data, Atmospheric and Environmental Research for use of LBLRTM,
and S. Wang and A. Lambert for the orthogonal linear fit program. We
also thank D. Natzic for technical assistance, L. Kovalenko for
assistance with the photochemical model, and H. Bosch for discussions
and calculations on atmospheric scattering. Others who have made
significant technical and discussion contributions include R. Lu, D. Wu,
G. Mount, V. Nemtchinov, and D. Peterson.
NR 88
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 3
BP 963
EP 978
DI 10.5194/acp-11-963-2011
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 721KW
UT WOS:000287354100005
ER
PT J
AU Koch, D
Balkanski, Y
Bauer, SE
Easter, RC
Ferrachat, S
Ghan, SJ
Hoose, C
Iversen, T
Kirkevag, A
Kristjansson, JE
Liu, X
Lohmann, U
Menon, S
Quaas, J
Schulz, M
Seland, O
Takemura, T
Yan, N
AF Koch, D.
Balkanski, Y.
Bauer, S. E.
Easter, R. C.
Ferrachat, S.
Ghan, S. J.
Hoose, C.
Iversen, T.
Kirkevag, A.
Kristjansson, J. E.
Liu, X.
Lohmann, U.
Menon, S.
Quaas, J.
Schulz, M.
Seland, O.
Takemura, T.
Yan, N.
TI Soot microphysical effects on liquid clouds, a multi-model investigation
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE MODEL ECHAM5-HAM; GLOBAL CLIMATE; AEROSOL; PARAMETERIZATION;
SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; AEROCOM
AB We use global models to explore the microphysical effects of carbonaceous aerosols on liquid clouds. Although absorption of solar radiation by soot warms the atmosphere, soot may cause climate cooling due to its contribution to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and therefore cloud brightness. Six global models conducted three soot experiments; four of the models had detailed aerosol microphysical schemes. The average cloud radiative response to biofuel soot (black and organic carbon), including both indirect and semi-direct effects, is -0.11 Wm(-2), comparable in size but opposite in sign to the respective direct effect. In a more idealized fossil fuel black carbon experiment, some models calculated a positive cloud response because soot provides a deposition sink for sulfuric and nitric acids and secondary organics, decreasing nucleation and evolution of viable CCN. Biofuel soot particles were also typically assumed to be larger and more hygroscopic than for fossil fuel soot and therefore caused more negative forcing, as also found in previous studies. Diesel soot (black and organic carbon) experiments had relatively smaller cloud impacts with five of the models <+/- 0.06 Wm(-2) from clouds. The results are subject to the caveats that variability among models, and regional and interrannual variability for each model, are large. This comparison together with previously published results stresses the need to further constrain aerosol microphysical schemes. The non-linearities resulting from the competition of opposing effects on the CCN population make it difficult to extrapolate from idealized experiments to likely impacts of realistic potential emission changes.
C1 [Koch, D.; Bauer, S. E.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA.
[Koch, D.; Bauer, S. E.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Balkanski, Y.; Schulz, M.; Yan, N.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Ferrachat, S.; Lohmann, U.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
[Quaas, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Hoose, C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Easter, R. C.; Ghan, S. J.; Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Menon, S.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Hoose, C.; Kristjansson, J. E.; Schulz, M.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway.
[Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
EM dorothy.koch@science.doe.gov
RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Hoose,
Corinna/A-4295-2009; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Quaas,
Johannes/I-2656-2013; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Kyushu,
RIAM/F-4018-2015; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski,
Yves/A-6616-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Schulz,
Michael/A-6930-2011
OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Hoose, Corinna/0000-0003-2827-5789;
Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Quaas,
Johannes/0000-0001-7057-194X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Liu,
Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858;
Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158
FU NASA; Clean Air Task Force; EUCAARI [036833-2]; IPY POLARCAT and NorClim
(Norwegian Research Council [178246, 460724]; Norwegian Research
Council; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; US DOE
[DE-AC02-05CH1123]
FX We acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on our
manuscript. We thank Tami Bond for providing diesel emissions for the
experiments and for comments on the manuscript. D. Koch was supported by
the NASA MAP Program and the Clean Air Task Force. The work with
CAM-Oslo was supported by the projects EUCAARI (European Integrated
project No. 036833-2), IPY POLARCAT and NorClim (Norwegian Research
Council grants No. 178246 and 460724) and by the Norwegian Research
Council's program for Supercomputing through a grant of computer time.
R. C. Easter, S. J. Ghan, and X. Liu were funded by the US Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced
Computing (SciDAC) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is
operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract
DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. The work at LBNL was supported by US DOE under
Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH1123. S. Menon acknowledges support from the
NASA MAP and the DOE ASR and Global Climate Modeling Program.
NR 37
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 3
BP 1051
EP 1064
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1051-2011
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 721KW
UT WOS:000287354100011
ER
PT J
AU Aumann, HH
DeSouza-Machado, SG
Behrangi, A
AF Aumann, H. H.
DeSouza-Machado, S. G.
Behrangi, A.
TI Deep convective clouds at the tropopause
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL;
SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; SCATTERING; HUMIDITY;
METEOSAT
AB Data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS Aqua spacecraft each day show tens of thousands of Cold Clouds (CC) in the tropical oceans with 10 am window channel brightness temperatures colder than 225 K. These clouds represent a mix of cold anvil clouds and Deep Convective Clouds (DCC). This mix can be separated by computing the difference between two channels, a window channel and a channel with strong CO2 absorption: for some cold clouds this difference is negative, i.e. the spectra for some cold clouds are inverted. We refer to cold clouds with spectra which are more than 2 K inverted as DCCi2. Associated with DCCi2 is a very high rain rate and a local upward displacement of the tropopause, a cold "bulge", which can be seen directly in the brightness temperatures of AIRS and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) temperature sounding channels in the lower stratosphere. The very high rain rate and the local distortion of the tropopause indicate that DCCi2 objects are associated with severe storms. Significant long-term trends in the statistical properties of DCCi2 could be interesting indicators of climate change. While the analysis of the nature and physical conditions related to DCCi2 requires hyperspectral infrared and microwave data, the identification of DCCi2 requires only one good window channel and one strong CO2 sounding channel. This suggests that improved identification of severe storms with future advanced geostationary satellites could be accomplished with the addition of one or two narrow band channels.
C1 [Aumann, H. H.; Behrangi, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[DeSouza-Machado, S. G.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Aumann, HH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM aumann@jpl.nasa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and at
UMBC, supported by NASA HQ. We are grateful for the long-term support of
Ramesh Kakar, Aqua Program Scientist at NASA HQ and helpful comments by
Tim Dunkerton.
NR 29
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 3
BP 1167
EP 1176
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1167-2011
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 721KW
UT WOS:000287354100019
ER
PT J
AU Veefkind, JP
Boersma, KF
Wang, J
Kurosu, TP
Krotkov, N
Chance, K
Levelt, PF
AF Veefkind, J. P.
Boersma, K. F.
Wang, J.
Kurosu, T. P.
Krotkov, N.
Chance, K.
Levelt, P. F.
TI Global satellite analysis of the relation between aerosols and
short-lived trace gases
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; UNITED-STATES; OPTICAL-THICKNESS;
TROPOSPHERIC NO2; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GOCART MODEL; EMISSIONS;
FORMALDEHYDE; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM
AB The spatial and temporal correlations between concurrent satellite observations of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and tropospheric columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) are used to infer information on the global composition of aerosol particles. When averaging the satellite data over large regions and longer time periods, we find significant correlation between MODIS AOT and OMI trace gas columns for various regions in the world. This shows that these enhanced aerosol and trace gas concentrations originate from common sources, such as fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and organic compounds released from the biosphere. This leads us to propose that satellite-inferred AOT to NO2 ratios for regions with comparable photochemical regimes can be used as indicators for the relative regional pollution control of combustion processes. Indeed, satellites observe low AOT to NO2 ratios over the eastern United States and western Europe, and high AOT to NO2 ratios over comparably industrialized regions in eastern Europe and China. Emission databases and OMI SO2 observations over these regions suggest a much stronger sulfur contribution to aerosol formation than over the well-regulated areas of the eastern United States and western Europe. Furthermore, satellite observations show AOT to NO2 ratios are a factor 100 higher over biomass burning regions than over industrialized areas, reflecting the unregulated burning practices with strong primary particle emissions in the tropics compared to the heavily controlled combustion processes in the industrialized Northern Hemisphere. Simulations with a global chemistry transport model (GEOS-Chem) capture most of these variations, although on regional scales significant differences are found. Wintertime aerosol concentrations show strongest correlations with NO2 throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere. During summertime, AOT is often (also) correlated with enhanced HCHO concentrations, reflecting the importance of secondary organic aerosol formation in that season. We also find significant correlations between AOT and HCHO over biomass burning regions, the tropics in general, and over industrialized regions in southeastern Asia. The distinct summertime maximum in AOT (0.4 at 550 nm) and HCHO over the southeastern United States strengthens existing hypotheses that local emissions of volatile organic compounds lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosols there. GEOS-Chem underestimates the AOT over the southeastern United States by a factor of 2, most likely due to too strong precipitation and too low SOA yield in the model.
C1 [Veefkind, J. P.; Boersma, K. F.; Levelt, P. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Wang, J.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA.
[Kurosu, T. P.; Chance, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Krotkov, N.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP Veefkind, JP (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands.
EM veefkind@knmi.nl
RI Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Pfister,
Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008;
OI Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Boersma,
Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490; Chance,
Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577
FU Netherlands Space Office (NSO); NASA
FX This work is funded by the Netherlands Space Office (NSO). Jun Wang's
participation to this work is supported by the NASA Earth Science New
Investigator program. The OMI instrument was contributed by the
Netherlands (NSO/KNMI) and Finland (TEKES/FMI) to the NASA EOS-Aura
mission. We also acknowledge the MODIS and AERONET mission scientists
and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in
this research effort.
NR 60
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 21
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 3
BP 1255
EP 1267
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1255-2011
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 721KW
UT WOS:000287354100026
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, RR
Hostetler, CA
Hair, JW
Ferrare, RA
Liu, Z
Obland, MD
Harper, DB
Cook, AL
Powell, KA
Vaughan, MA
Winker, DM
AF Rogers, R. R.
Hostetler, C. A.
Hair, J. W.
Ferrare, R. A.
Liu, Z.
Obland, M. D.
Harper, D. B.
Cook, A. L.
Powell, K. A.
Vaughan, M. A.
Winker, D. M.
TI Assessment of the CALIPSO Lidar 532 nm attenuated backscatter
calibration using the NASA LaRC airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GROUND-BASED LIDAR; RAMAN LIDAR; SPACE;
VALIDATION; SCATTERING; AIRCRAFT; PROFILES; PRODUCTS; LAYER
AB The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spacecraft has provided global, high-resolution vertical profiles of aerosols and clouds since it became operational on 13 June 2006. On 14 June 2006, the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) was deployed aboard the NASA Langley B-200 aircraft for the first of a series of 86 underflights of the CALIPSO satellite to provide validation measurements for the CALIOP data products. To better assess the range of conditions under which CALIOP data products are produced, these validation flights were conducted under both daytime and nighttime lighting conditions, in multiple seasons, and over a large range of latitudes and aerosol and cloud conditions. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the CALIOP 532 nm calibration (through the 532 nm total attenuated backscatter) using internally calibrated airborne HSRL underflight data and is the most extensive study of CALIOP 532 nm calibration. Results show that HSRL and CALIOP 532 nm total attenuated backscatter agree on average within 2.7% +/- 2.1% (CALIOP lower) at night and within 2.9% +/- 3.9% (CALIOP lower) during the day, demonstrating the accuracy of the CALIOP 532 nm calibration algorithms. Additionally, comparisons with HSRL show consistency of the CALIOP calibration before and after the laser switch in 2009 as well as improvements in the daytime version 3.01 calibration scheme compared with the version 2 calibration scheme. Potential biases and uncertainties in the methodology relevant to validating satellite lidar measurements with an airborne lidar system are discussed and found to be less than 4.5% +/- 3.2% for this validation effort with HSRL. Results from this study are also compared with prior assessments of the CALIOP 532 nm attenuated backscatter calibration.
C1 [Rogers, R. R.; Hostetler, C. A.; Hair, J. W.; Ferrare, R. A.; Liu, Z.; Obland, M. D.; Harper, D. B.; Cook, A. L.; Powell, K. A.; Vaughan, M. A.; Winker, D. M.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Rogers, RR (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM raymond.r.rogers@nasa.gov
RI Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010
OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738
NR 37
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 2
U2 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 3
BP 1295
EP 1311
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1295-2011
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 721KW
UT WOS:000287354100028
ER
PT J
AU Bond, TC
Zarzycki, C
Flanner, MG
Koch, DM
AF Bond, T. C.
Zarzycki, C.
Flanner, M. G.
Koch, D. M.
TI Quantifying immediate radiative forcing by black carbon and organic
matter with the Specific Forcing Pulse
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GREENHOUSE GASES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; CLIMATE RESPONSE; AEROSOL;
EMISSIONS; MITIGATION; ATMOSPHERE; PARTICLES; AEROCOM; SOOT
AB Climatic effects of short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) differ from those of long-lived greenhouse gases, because they occur rapidly after emission and because they depend upon the region of emission. The distinctive temporal and spatial nature of these impacts is not captured by measures that rely on global averages or long time integrations. Here, we propose a simple measure, the Specific Forcing Pulse (SFP), to quantify climate warming or cooling by these pollutants, where we define "immediate" as occurring primarily within the first year after emission. SFP is the amount of energy added to or removed from a receptor region in the Earth-atmosphere system by a chemical species, per mass of emission in a source region. We limit the application of SFP to species that remain in the atmosphere for less than one year. Metrics used in policy discussions, such as total forcing or global warming potential, are easily derived from SFP. However, SFP conveys purely physical information without incurring the policy implications of choosing a time horizon for the global warming potential.
Using one model (Community Atmosphere Model, or CAM), we calculate values of SFP for black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM) emitted from 23 source-region combinations. Global SFP for both atmosphere and cryosphere impacts is divided among receptor latitudes. SFP is usually greater for open-burning emissions than for energy-related (fossil-fuel and biofuel) emissions because of the timing of emission. Global SFP for BC varies by about 45% for energy-related emissions from different regions. This variation would be larger except for compensating effects. When emitted aerosol has larger cryosphere forcing, it often has lower atmosphere forcing because of less deep convection and a shorter atmospheric lifetime.
A single model result is insufficient to capture uncertainty. We develop a best estimate and uncertainties for SFP by combining forcing results from 12 additional models. We outline a framework for combining a large number of simple models with a smaller number of enhanced models that have greater complexity. Adjustments for black carbon internal mixing and for regional variability are discussed. Emitting regions with more deep convection have greater model diversity. Our best estimate of global-mean SFP is +1.03 +/- 0.52 GJ g(-1) for direct atmosphere forcing of black carbon, +1.15 +/- 0.53 GJ g(-1) for black carbon including direct and cryosphere forcing, and -0.064 (-0.02, -0.13) GJ g(-1) for organic matter. These values depend on the region and timing of emission. The lowest OM: BC mass ratio required to produce a neutral effect on top-of-atmosphere direct forcing is 15: 1 for any region. Any lower ratio results in positive direct forcing. However, important processes, particularly cloud changes that tend toward cooling, have not been included here.
Global-average SFP for energy-related emissions can be converted to a 100-year GWP of about 740 +/- 370 for BC without snow forcing, and 830 +/- 440 with snow forcing. 100-year GWP for OM is -46 (-18, -92). Best estimates of atmospheric radiative impact (without snow forcing) by black and organic matter are +0.47 +/- 0.26 W m(-2) and -0.17 (-0.07, -0.35) W m(-2) for BC and OM, respectively, assuming total emission rates of 7.4 and 45 Tg yr(-1). Anthropogenic forcing is +0.40 +/- 0.18 W m(-2) and -0.13 (-0.05, -0.25) W m(-2) for BC and OM, respectively, assuming anthropogenic emission rates of 6.3 and 32.6 Tg yr(-1). Black carbon forcing is only 18% higher than that given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), although the value presented here includes enhanced absorption due to internal mixing.
C1 [Bond, T. C.; Zarzycki, C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Flanner, M. G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Koch, D. M.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA.
RP Bond, TC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM yark@illinois.edu
RI Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Zarzycki,
Colin/E-5691-2014
OI Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928;
FU US EPA's Climate Office; National Aeronautics and Space Administration
[MAP, NNG04GL91G]; UCAR ASP; National Science Foundation
FX This research was supported by the US EPA's Climate Office, the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration under MAP (DMK) and NNG04GL91G
(TCB), and by a UCAR ASP post-doctoral fellowship (MGF). Model runs were
accomplished at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, sponsored
by the National Science Foundation. We thank Steven J. Smith, John
Bachmann, David Fahey, and Piers Forster for helpful comments, as well
as anonymous and named reviewers for pointing out many needed
clarifications. This paper has not been subjected to EPA's required peer
and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views
of the Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred.
NR 61
TC 55
Z9 55
U1 1
U2 46
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1505
EP 1525
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1505-2011
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727JW
UT WOS:000287795700010
ER
PT J
AU Hansell, RA
Reid, JS
Tsay, SC
Roush, TL
Kalashnikova, OV
AF Hansell, R. A., Jr.
Reid, J. S.
Tsay, S. C.
Roush, T. L.
Kalashnikova, O. V.
TI A sensitivity study on the effects of particle chemistry, asphericity
and size on the mass extinction efficiency of mineral dust in the
earth's atmosphere: from the near to thermal IR
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID M OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; SAHARAN DUST; SAMUM 2006; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES;
LIGHT-SCATTERING; CANARY-ISLANDS; AEROSOL; MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS;
WAVELENGTHS
AB To determine a plausible range of mass extinction efficiencies (MEE) of terrestrial atmospheric dust from the near to thermal IR, sensitivity analyses are performed over an extended range of dust microphysical and chemistry perturbations. The IR values are subsequently compared to those in the near-IR, to evaluate spectral relationships in their optical properties. Synthesized size distributions consistent with measurements, model particle size, while composition is defined by the refractive indices of minerals routinely observed in dust, including the widely used OPAC/Hess parameterization. Single-scattering properties of representative dust particle shapes are calculated using the T-matrix, Discrete Dipole Approximation and Lorenz-Mie light-scattering codes. For the parameterizations examined, MEE ranges from nearly zero to 1.2 m(2) g(-1), with the higher values associated with non-spheres composed of quartz and gypsum. At near-IR wavelengths, MEE for non-spheres generally exceeds those for spheres, while in the thermal IR, shape-induced changes in MEE strongly depend on volume median diameter (VMD) and wavelength, particularly for MEE evaluated at the mineral resonant frequencies. MEE spectral distributions appear to follow particle geometry and are evidence for shape dependency in the optical properties. It is also shown that non-spheres best reproduce the positions of prominent absorption peaks found in silicates. Generally, angular particles exhibit wider and more symmetric MEE spectral distribution patterns from 8-10 mu m than those with smooth surfaces, likely due to their edge-effects. Lastly, MEE ratios allow for infer-ring dust optical properties across the visible-IR spectrum. We conclude the MEE of dust aerosol are significant for the parameter space investigated, and are a key component for remote sensing applications and the study of direct aerosol radiative effects.
C1 [Hansell, R. A., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Reid, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
[Hansell, R. A., Jr.; Tsay, S. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Roush, T. L.] NASA Ames, Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Kalashnikova, O. V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Hansell, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM richard.a.hansell@nasa.gov
RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Hansell,
Richard/J-2065-2014
OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955;
FU NASA; Office of Naval Research [32, 35]
FX We are grateful to B. Draine and P. Flatau, and M. Mishchenko for making
the DDA, and T-matrix and Lorenz-Mie light scattering codes available,
respectively. We also acknowledge those who maintain the websites
(http://webmineral.com and http://mindat.org) and for making the mineral
data publicly available. We thank Ralph Kahn for his review and comments
to this paper, and lastly, we thank the anonymous referees for their
insightful comments and suggestions. Funding for this research was
provided by the NASA Radiation Science Program and Office of Naval
Research Code 32&35.
NR 80
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1527
EP 1547
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1527-2011
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727JW
UT WOS:000287795700011
ER
PT J
AU Paulot, F
Wunch, D
Crounse, JD
Toon, GC
Millet, DB
DeCarlo, PF
Vigouroux, C
Deutscher, NM
Abad, GG
Notholt, J
Warneke, T
Hannigan, JW
Warneke, C
de Gouw, JA
Dunlea, EJ
De Maziere, M
Griffith, DWT
Bernath, P
Jimenez, JL
Wennberg, PO
AF Paulot, F.
Wunch, D.
Crounse, J. D.
Toon, G. C.
Millet, D. B.
DeCarlo, P. F.
Vigouroux, C.
Deutscher, N. M.
Abad, G. Gonzalez
Notholt, J.
Warneke, T.
Hannigan, J. W.
Warneke, C.
de Gouw, J. A.
Dunlea, E. J.
De Maziere, M.
Griffith, D. W. T.
Bernath, P.
Jimenez, J. L.
Wennberg, P. O.
TI Importance of secondary sources in the atmospheric budgets of formic and
acetic acids
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-PHASE OH; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AFTIR; KNUDSEN CELL REACTOR; HETEROGENEOUS UPTAKE;
INITIATED OXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; TEMPERATURE-RANGE;
CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS
AB We present a detailed budget of formic and acetic acids, two of the most abundant trace gases in the atmosphere. Our bottom-up estimate of the global source of formic and acetic acids are similar to 1200 and similar to 1400 Gmol yr(-1), dominated by photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, in particular isoprene. Their sinks are dominated by wet and dry deposition. We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to evaluate this budget against an extensive suite of measurements from ground, ship and satellite-based Fourier transform spectrometers, as well as from several aircraft campaigns over North America. The model captures the seasonality of formic and acetic acids well but generally underestimates their concentration, particularly in the Northern midlatitudes. We infer that the source of both carboxylic acids may be up to 50% greater than our estimate and report evidence for a long-lived missing secondary source of carboxylic acids that may be associated with the aging of organic aerosols. Vertical profiles of formic acid in the upper troposphere support a negative temperature dependence of the reaction between formic acid and the hydroxyl radical as suggested by several theoretical studies.
C1 [Paulot, F.; Wunch, D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Crounse, J. D.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[DeCarlo, P. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Vigouroux, C.; De Maziere, M.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium.
[Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
[Abad, G. Gonzalez; Bernath, P.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.] Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Hannigan, J. W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[DeCarlo, P. F.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Paulot, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM paulot@caltech.edu
RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016;
Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Paulot, Fabien/C-1002-2011; DeCarlo,
Peter/B-2118-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011;
Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Millet,
Dylan/G-5832-2012; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014;
Deutscher, Nicholas/E-3683-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008
OI Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Gonzalez Abad,
Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149;
Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X;
Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Deutscher,
Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826
FU NASA [NNX10AG65G, NNX08AD39G, NNG06GB32B]; Wild Fund; National Center
for Earth Observation (NCEO); National Science Foundation; National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NOAA [NA08OAR4310565];
Danish Meteorological Institute; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
[404/14-1]; Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and
Research, Internation Science Linkage [CG130014]; Canadian Space Agency;
UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the National
Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO)
FX The authors thank two anonymous referees and T. Stavrakou for their
constructive comments. FP is supported by a NASA Earth and Space Science
fellowship. GGA is supported by the Wild Fund and the National Center
for Earth Observation (NCEO). DBM acknowledges support from NASA under
Grant NNX10AG65G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is
supported by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTS observation
program at Thule (GR) is supported under contract by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This work is also supported
by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (OPP). PFD, EJD and JLJ were
supported by NASA NNX08AD39G and NOAA NA08OAR4310565. The authors wish
to thank the Danish Meteorological Institute for support at the Thule
site. JN acknowledges funding by the grant from the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) NO 404/14-1. NMD and DWTG acknowledge
support from the Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science
and Research, Internation Science Linkage under Grant CG130014. CV and
MDM acknowledge the PRODEX project SECPEA and the project AGACC from the
Belgian Science Policy Office (contracts SD/AT/O1A and SD/AT/01B) for
supporting the FTIR experiment at La Reunion. Part of this work was
performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, under contract with NASA. The ACE mission is supported
primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. Some support was also provided
by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), through the
National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO). Measurements of FA and AA
during the INTEX-B and Milagro missions were supported by NASA under
Grant NNG06GB32B. The authors are grateful to Stephen Arnold and
Dominick Spracklen for providing the marine isoprene fluxes, and to
Sheryl Akagi and Robert Yokelson for providing updated biomass burning
and biofuel emission factors. The numerical simulations for this
research were performed on Caltech's Division of Geological and
Planetary Sciences Dell cluster.
NR 156
TC 96
Z9 96
U1 11
U2 109
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 5
BP 1989
EP 2013
DI 10.5194/acp-11-1989-2011
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 734VS
UT WOS:000288368900010
ER
PT J
AU Brock, CA
Cozic, J
Bahreini, R
Froyd, KD
Middlebrook, AM
McComiskey, A
Brioude, J
Cooper, OR
Stohl, A
Aikin, KC
de Gouw, JA
Fahey, DW
Ferrare, RA
Gao, RS
Gore, W
Holloway, JS
Hubler, G
Jefferson, A
Lack, DA
Lance, S
Moore, RH
Murphy, DM
Nenes, A
Novelli, PC
Nowak, JB
Ogren, JA
Peischl, J
Pierce, RB
Pilewskie, P
Quinn, PK
Ryerson, TB
Schmidt, KS
Schwarz, JP
Sodemann, H
Spackman, JR
Stark, H
Thomson, DS
Thornberry, T
Veres, P
Watts, LA
Warneke, C
Wollny, AG
AF Brock, C. A.
Cozic, J.
Bahreini, R.
Froyd, K. D.
Middlebrook, A. M.
McComiskey, A.
Brioude, J.
Cooper, O. R.
Stohl, A.
Aikin, K. C.
de Gouw, J. A.
Fahey, D. W.
Ferrare, R. A.
Gao, R-S.
Gore, W.
Holloway, J. S.
Huebler, G.
Jefferson, A.
Lack, D. A.
Lance, S.
Moore, R. H.
Murphy, D. M.
Nenes, A.
Novelli, P. C.
Nowak, J. B.
Ogren, J. A.
Peischl, J.
Pierce, R. B.
Pilewskie, P.
Quinn, P. K.
Ryerson, T. B.
Schmidt, K. S.
Schwarz, J. P.
Sodemann, H.
Spackman, J. R.
Stark, H.
Thomson, D. S.
Thornberry, T.
Veres, P.
Watts, L. A.
Warneke, C.
Wollny, A. G.
TI Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols measured in spring
2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic
Climate (ARCPAC) Project
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOREST-FIRE PLUMES; LONG-TERM TRENDS; BLACK CARBON; AIR-POLLUTION;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SEA-ICE; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS;
AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS
AB We present an overview of the background, scientific goals, and execution of the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project of April 2008. We then summarize airborne measurements, made in the troposphere of the Alaskan Arctic, of aerosol particle size distributions, composition, and optical properties and discuss the sources and transport of the aerosols. The aerosol data were grouped into four categories based on gas-phase composition. First, the background troposphere contained a relatively diffuse, sulfate-rich aerosol extending from the top of the sea-ice inversion layer to 7.4 km altitude. Second, a region of depleted (relative to the background) aerosol was present within the surface inversion layer over sea-ice. Third, layers of dense, organic-rich smoke from open biomass fires in southern Russia and southeastern Siberia were frequently encountered at all altitudes from the top of the inversion layer to 7.1 km. Finally, some aerosol layers were dominated by components originating from fossil fuel combustion.
Of these four categories measured during ARCPAC, the diffuse background aerosol was most similar to the average springtime aerosol properties observed at a long-term monitoring site at Barrow, Alaska. The biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel layers were present above the sea-ice inversion layer and did not reach the sea-ice surface during the course of the ARCPAC measurements. The BB aerosol layers were highly scattering and were moderately hygroscopic. On average, the layers produced a noontime net heating of similar to 0.1K day(-1) between 3 and 7 km and a slight cooling at the surface. The ratios of particle mass to carbon monoxide (CO) in the BB plumes, which had been transported over distances >5000 km, were comparable to the high end of literature values derived from previous measurements in wildfire smoke. These ratios suggest minimal precipitation scavenging and removal of the BB particles between the time they were emitted and the time they were observed in dense layers above the sea-ice inversion layer.
C1 [Brock, C. A.; Cozic, J.; Bahreini, R.; Froyd, K. D.; Middlebrook, A. M.; McComiskey, A.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Aikin, K. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Gao, R-S.; Holloway, J. S.; Huebler, G.; Jefferson, A.; Lack, D. A.; Lance, S.; Murphy, D. M.; Novelli, P. C.; Nowak, J. B.; Ogren, J. A.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Stark, H.; Thomson, D. S.; Thornberry, T.; Veres, P.; Watts, L. A.; Warneke, C.; Wollny, A. G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Cozic, J.; Bahreini, R.; Froyd, K. D.; McComiskey, A.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Aikin, K. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Holloway, J. S.; Huebler, G.; Lack, D. A.; Lance, S.; Nowak, J. B.; Peischl, J.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Stark, H.; Thomson, D. S.; Thornberry, T.; Veres, P.; Watts, L. A.; Warneke, C.; Wollny, A. G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Stohl, A.; Sodemann, H.] Norsk Inst Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway.
[Ferrare, R. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Gore, W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Moore, R. H.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA.
[Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Schmidt, K. S.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM charles.a.brock@noaa.gov
RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Jefferson,
Anne/K-4793-2012; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013; schwarz,
joshua/G-4556-2013; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Cooper,
Owen/H-4875-2013; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013;
Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Aikin,
Kenneth/I-1973-2013; McComiskey, Allison/I-3933-2013; Watts,
Laurel/G-4532-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015;
Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Warneke,
Carsten/E-7174-2010; Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; Peischl,
Jeff/E-7454-2010; Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012;
Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Brioude,
Jerome/E-4629-2011; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Pierce, Robert
Bradley/F-5609-2010; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Lance, Sara/A-4834-2011
OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X;
SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X; schwarz,
joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; McComiskey, Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X;
Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634;
Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807;
Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235;
Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Middlebrook,
Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643;
Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668;
FU NOAA [NA06OAR4310085, NA04OAR4310088]; NASA [NNX08AQ99G]; NSF; Swiss
National Science Foundation [PBBE22-119260]; Research Council of Norway;
University of Maryland
FX This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Change and Air Quality
Programs. P. Pilewskie and S. Schmidt were supported by NOAA under award
NA06OAR4310085. A. Nenes and R. Moore were supported by NOAA award
NA04OAR4310088 and NASA award NNX08AQ99G. A. Nenes was also supported by
a NSF Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program award, and R.
Moore by a DOE Global Change Education Program Graduate Research
Fellowship. S. Lance was supported by the US National Research Council
under a Research Associateships Program fellowship, and J. Cozic by the
Swiss National Science Foundation under award PBBE22-119260. A. Stohl
and H. Sodemann were supported by the Research Council of Norway in the
framework of POLARCAT. MODIS hotspot data provided courtesy of NASA and
the University of Maryland. Thanks to Jim Roberts, Andy Neuman, and Bob
Stone for constructive comments on the manuscript, to the collaborating
ISDAC, ARCTAS, ICEALOT, and other POLARCAT participants, and to Everts
Air in Fairbanks, Alaska for outstanding logistical support. Finally, a
special note of thanks to Glen Shaw and Bill Simpson of the University
of Alaska at Fairbanks, who led enthusiastic material, scientific, and
institutional support for all of the IPY projects in Fairbanks.
NR 161
TC 79
Z9 82
U1 9
U2 65
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 6
BP 2423
EP 2453
DI 10.5194/acp-11-2423-2011
PG 31
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742YW
UT WOS:000288982300002
ER
PT J
AU Li, J
Hu, Y
Huang, J
Stamnes, K
Yi, Y
Stamnes, S
AF Li, J.
Hu, Y.
Huang, J.
Stamnes, K.
Yi, Y.
Stamnes, S.
TI A new method for retrieval of the extinction coefficient of water clouds
by using the tail of the CALIOP signal
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; GROUND-BASED LIDAR; MARITIME LOW CLOUDS;
MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; CALIPSO LIDAR; NUMBER CONCENTRATION;
VISIBLE/INFRARED SCANNER; PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS;
MARINE STRATOCUMULUS
AB A method is developed based on Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) level 1 attenuated backscatter profile data for deriving the mean extinction coefficient of water droplets close to cloud top. The method is applicable to low level (cloud top < 2 km), opaque water clouds in which the lidar signal is completely attenuated beyond about 100 m of penetration into the cloud. The photo multiplier tubes (PMTs) of the 532 nm detectors (parallel and perpendicular polarizations) of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) both exhibit a non-ideal recovery of the lidar signal after striking a strongly backscattering target (such as water cloud or surface). Therefore, the effects of any transient responses of CALIOP on the attenuated backscatter profile of the water cloud must first be removed in order to obtain a reliable (validated) attenuated backscatter profile. Then, the slope of the exponential decay of the validated water cloud attenuated backscatter profile, and the multiple scattering factor are used for deriving the mean extinction coefficient of low-level water cloud droplets close to cloud top. This novel method was evaluated and compared with the previous method which combined the cloud effective radius (3.7-mu m) reported by MODIS with the lidar depolarization ratios measured by CALIPSO to estimate the mean extinction coefficient. Statistical results show that the extinction coefficients derived by the new method based on CALIOP alone agree reasonbably well with those obtained in the previous study using combined CALIOP and MODIS data. The mean absolute relative difference in extinction coefficient is about 13.4%. An important advantage of the new method is that it can be used to derive the extinction coefficient also during night time, and it is also applicable when multi-layered clouds are present. Overall, the stratocumulus dominated regions experience larger day-night differences which are all negative and seasonal. However, a contrary tendency consisted in the global mean values. The global mean cloud water extinction coefficients during different seasons range from 26 to 30 km(-1), and the differences between day and night time are all positive and small (about 1-2 km(-1)). In addition, the global mean layer-integrated depolarization ratios of liquid water clouds during different seasons range from 0.2 to 0.23, and the differences between day and night also are small, about 0.01.
C1 [Hu, Y.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Li, J.; Huang, J.] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Semi Arid Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
[Li, J.; Stamnes, K.; Stamnes, S.] Stevens Inst Tech, Dept Phys & Engn, Hoboken, NJ USA.
[Yi, Y.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Hu, Y (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov
RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012
FU NASA; National Science Foundation of China [40725015, 40633017]; CALIPSO
project
FX This work is supported by the NASA radiation science program and the
CALIPSO project. In addition, this work is also supported by the
National Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 40725015 and
40633017. Here, the authors want to also thank Hal Maring and David
Considine of NASA Headquarters for discussions and support.
NR 55
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 6
BP 2903
EP 2916
DI 10.5194/acp-11-2903-2011
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742YW
UT WOS:000288982300031
ER
PT J
AU Ten Hoeve, JE
Remer, LA
Jacobson, MZ
AF Ten Hoeve, J. E.
Remer, L. A.
Jacobson, M. Z.
TI Microphysical and radiative effects of aerosols on warm clouds during
the Amazon biomass burning season as observed by MODIS: impacts of water
vapor and land cover
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
POLLUTION AEROSOL; SMOKE; DEFORESTATION; CLIMATE; RETRIEVAL; PRODUCTS;
PRECIPITATION
AB Aerosol, cloud, water vapor, and temperature profile data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are utilized to examine the impact of aerosols on clouds during the Amazonian biomass burning season in Rondonia, Brazil. It is found that increasing background column water vapor (CWV) throughout this transition season between the Amazon dry and wet seasons likely exerts a strong effect on cloud properties. As a result, proper analysis of aerosol-cloud relationships requires that data be stratified by CWV to account better for the influence of background meteorological variation. Many previous studies of aerosol-cloud interactions over Amazonia have ignored the systematic changes to meteorological factors during the transition season, leading to possible misinterpretation of their results. Cloud fraction (CF) is shown to increase or remain constant with aerosol optical depth (ADD), depending on the value of CWV, whereas the relationship between cloud optical depth (COD) and AOD is quite different. COD increases with AOD until AOD similar to 0.3, which is assumed to be due to the first indirect (microphysical) effect. At higher values of AOD, COD is found to decrease with increasing AOD, which may be due to: (1) the inhibition of cloud development by absorbing aerosols (radiative effect/semi-direct effect) and/or (2) a possible retrieval artifact in which the measured reflectance in the visible is less than expected from a cloud top either from the darkening of clouds through the addition of carbonaceous biomass burning aerosols within or above clouds or subpixel dark surface contamination in the measured cloud reflectance. If (1) is a contributing mechanism, as we suspect, then an empirically-derived increasing function between cloud drop number and aerosol concentration, assumed in a majority of global climate models, is inaccurate since these models do not include treatment of aerosol absorption in and around clouds. The relationship between aerosols and both CWV and clouds over varying land surface types is also analyzed. The study finds that the difference in CWV between forested and deforested land is not correlated with aerosol loading, supporting the assumption that temporal variation of CWV is primarily a function of the larger-scale meteorology. However, a difference in the response of CF to increasing AOD is observed between forested and deforested land. This suggests that dissimilarities between other meteorological factors, such as atmospheric stability, may have an impact on aerosol-cloud correlations between different land cover types.
C1 [Ten Hoeve, J. E.; Jacobson, M. Z.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Remer, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Ten Hoeve, JE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM tenhoeve@stanford.edu
FU NASA [NN07AN25G]; EPA [R833371]; Stanford Graduate Fellowship
FX This study was supported by NASA under Grant No. NN07AN25G and by the
EPA under Agreement R833371, as well as by the NASA Earth Systems
Science Fellowship and the Stanford Graduate Fellowship. We are grateful
to James Coakley, Steven Platnick, and Rich Kleidman for helpful
comments. We also thank Brent Holben and his staff for establishing and
maintaining the two AERONET sites used in this investigation, Abracos
Hill and Ji Parana SE.
NR 70
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 19
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 7
BP 3021
EP 3036
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3021-2011
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 750LN
UT WOS:000289548200001
ER
PT J
AU Huang, M
Carmichael, GR
Spak, SN
Adhikary, B
Kulkarni, S
Cheng, Y
Wei, C
Tang, Y
D'Allura, A
Wennberg, PO
Huey, GL
Dibb, JE
Jimenez, JL
Cubison, MJ
Weinheimer, AJ
Kaduwela, A
Cai, C
Wong, M
Pierce, RB
Al-Saadi, JA
Streets, DG
Zhang, Q
AF Huang, M.
Carmichael, G. R.
Spak, S. N.
Adhikary, B.
Kulkarni, S.
Cheng, Y.
Wei, C.
Tang, Y.
D'Allura, A.
Wennberg, P. O.
Huey, G. L.
Dibb, J. E.
Jimenez, J. L.
Cubison, M. J.
Weinheimer, A. J.
Kaduwela, A.
Cai, C.
Wong, M.
Pierce, R. Bradley
Al-Saadi, J. A.
Streets, D. G.
Zhang, Q.
TI Multi-scale modeling study of the source contributions to near-surface
ozone and sulfur oxides levels over California during the ARCTAS-CARB
period
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EMISSIONS; NOX;
SENSITIVITY; HYDROCARBON; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERE
AB Chronic high surface ozone (O-3) levels and the increasing sulfur oxides (SOx = SO2+SO4) ambient concentrations over South Coast (SC) and other areas of California (CA) are affected by both local emissions and long-range transport. In this paper, multi-scale tracer, full-chemistry and adjoint simulations using the STEM atmospheric chemistry model are conducted to assess the contribution of local emission sourcesto SC O-3 and to evaluate the impacts of transported sulfur and local emissions on the SC sulfur budget-during the ARCTAS-CARB experiment period in 2008. Sensitivity simulations quantify contributions of biogenic and fire emissions to SC O-3 levels. California biogenic and fire emissions contribute 3-4 ppb to near-surface O-3 over SC, with larger contributions to other regions in CA. During a long-range transport event from Asia starting from 22 June, high SOx levels (up to similar to 0.7 ppb of SO2 and similar to 1.3 ppb of SO4) is observed above similar to 6 km, but they did not affect CA surface air quality. The elevated SOx observed at 1-4 km is estimated to enhance surface SOx over SC by similar to 0.25 ppb (upper limit) on similar to 24 June. The near-surface SOx levels over SC during the flight week are attributed mostly to local emissions. Two anthropogenic SOx emission inventories (EIs) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are compared and applied in 60 km and 12 km chemical transport simulations, and the results are compared with observations. The CARB EI shows improvements over the National Emission Inventory (NEI) by EPA, but generally underestimates surface SC SOx by about a factor of two. Adjoint sensitivity analysis indicated that SO2 levels at 00:00 UTC (17:00 local time) at six SC surface sites were influenced by previous day maritime emissions over the ocean, the terrestrial emissions over nearby urban areas, and by transported SO2 from the north through both terrestrial and maritime areas. Overall maritime emissions contribute 10-70% of SO2 and 20-60% fine SO4 on-shore and over the most terrestrial areas, with contributions decreasing with inland distance from the coast. Maritime emissions also modify the photochemical environment, shifting O-3 production over coastal SC to more VOC-limited conditions. These suggest an important role for shipping emission controls in reducing fine particle and O-3 concentrations in SC.
C1 [Huang, M.; Carmichael, G. R.; Spak, S. N.; Adhikary, B.; Kulkarni, S.; Cheng, Y.; Wei, C.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Adhikary, B.] Kathmandu Univ, Sch Engn, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
[Tang, Y.] NOAA, NOAA NCEP EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[D'Allura, A.] ARIANET Srl, Milan, Italy.
[Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Huey, G. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Jimenez, J. L.; Cubison, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Weinheimer, A. J.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
[Kaduwela, A.; Cai, C.] Calif Air Resource Board, Sacramento, CA USA.
[Wong, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA NESDIS, Madison, WI USA.
[Al-Saadi, J. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Pierce, Robert
Bradley/F-5609-2010; Cheng, Yafang/F-9362-2010; Wennberg,
Paul/A-5460-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008;
hui, wanghui/C-5671-2008;
OI Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847;
Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Cheng,
Yafang/0000-0003-4912-9879; Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; Streets,
David/0000-0002-0223-1350
FU NASA [NNX08AH56G, NNX08AD39G]
FX We would like to thank the ARCTAS science team and two anonymous
reviewers. We thank Tianfeng Chai (NOAA/OAR/ARL) for helping with the
STEM adjoint model. This work was supported by a NASA award
(NNX08AH56G). Jose L. Jimenez and Michael J. Cubison were supported by
NASA NNX08AD39G. The authors would also like to acknowledge NOAA, the US
EPA and CARB for support of the ground measurements. The views,
opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the
author(s) and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US
Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 38
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 7
BP 3173
EP 3194
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3173-2011
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 750LN
UT WOS:000289548200010
ER
PT J
AU Wang, Y
Zhang, Y
Hao, J
Luo, M
AF Wang, Y.
Zhang, Y.
Hao, J.
Luo, M.
TI Seasonal and spatial variability of surface ozone over China:
contributions from background and domestic pollution
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MICS-ASIA-II; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; RURAL SITE;
UNITED-STATES; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT; GLOBAL SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER;
EASTERN CHINA; NOX EMISSIONS
AB Both observations and a 3-D chemical transport model suggest that surface ozone over populated eastern China features a summertime trough and that the month when surface ozone peaks differs by latitude and region. Source-receptor analysis is used to quantify the contributions of background ozone and Chinese anthropogenic emissions on this variability. Annual mean background ozone over China shows a spatial gradient from 55 ppbv in the northwest to 20 ppbv in the southeast, corresponding with changes in topography and ozone lifetime. Pollution background ozone (annual mean of 12.6 ppbv) shows a minimum in the summer and maximum in the spring. On the monthly-mean basis, Chinese pollution ozone (CPO) has a peak of 20-25 ppbv in June north of the Yangtze River and in October south of it, which explains the peaks of surface ozone in these months. The summertime trough in surface ozone over eastern China can be explained by the decrease of background ozone from spring to summer (by -15 ppbv regionally averaged over eastern China). Tagged simulations suggest that long-range transport of ozone from northern mid-latitude continents (including Europe and North America) reaches a minimum in the summer, whereas ozone from Southeast Asia exhibits a maximum in the summer over eastern China. This contrast in seasonality provides clear evidence that the seasonal switch in monsoonal wind patterns plays a significant role in determining the seasonality of background ozone over China.
C1 [Wang, Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Inst Global Change Studies, Minist Educ,Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Y.; Hao, J.] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
[Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Inst Global Change Studies, Minist Educ,Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn
RI Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Zhang, Yuqiang/P-2682-2016; Zhang,
Yuqiang/C-5027-2015
OI Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Zhang, Yuqiang/0000-0002-9161-7086;
Zhang, Yuqiang/0000-0002-9161-7086
FU National Science Foundation of China [41005060]; National High
Technology Research and Development Program of China [2009AA122005]
FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation of China
(grant No. 41005060) and by the National High Technology Research and
Development Program of China (Grant No. 2009AA122005). Y. Wang
acknowledges additional support by Tsinghua University Initiative
Scientific Research Program. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their
helpful comments.
NR 53
TC 46
Z9 53
U1 6
U2 42
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 7
BP 3511
EP 3525
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3511-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 750LN
UT WOS:000289548200032
ER
PT J
AU de Foy, B
Burton, SP
Ferrare, RA
Hostetler, CA
Hair, JW
Wiedinmyer, C
Molina, LT
AF de Foy, B.
Burton, S. P.
Ferrare, R. A.
Hostetler, C. A.
Hair, J. W.
Wiedinmyer, C.
Molina, L. T.
TI Aerosol plume transport and transformation in high spectral resolution
lidar measurements and WRF-Flexpart simulations during the MILAGRO Field
Campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MEXICO-CITY BASIN; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS; URBAN SUPERSITE T0;
AIR-QUALITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOURCE
APPORTIONMENT; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; METROPOLITAN-AREA; TIME EVOLUTION
AB The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) experiences high loadings of atmospheric aerosols from anthropogenic sources, biomass burning and wind-blown dust. This paper uses a combination of measurements and numerical simulations to identify different plumes affecting the basin and to characterize transformation inside the plumes. The High Spectral Resolution Lidar on board the NASA LaRC B-200 King Air aircraft measured extinction coefficients and extinction to backscatter ratio at 532 nm, and backscatter coefficients and depolarization ratios at 532 and 1064 nm. These can be used to identify aerosol types. The measurement curtains are compared with particle trajectory simulations using WRF-Flexpart for different source groups. The good correspondence between measurements and simulations suggests that the aerosol transport is sufficiently well characterized by the models to estimate aerosol types and ages. Plumes in the basin undergo complex transport, and are frequently mixed together. Urban aerosols are readily identifiable by their low depolarization ratios and high lidar ratios, and dust by the opposite properties. Fresh biomass burning plumes have very low depolarization ratios which increase rapidly with age. This rapid transformation is consistent with the presence of atmospheric tar balls in the fresh plumes.
C1 [de Foy, B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA.
[Burton, S. P.; Ferrare, R. A.; Hostetler, C. A.; Hair, J. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Molina, L. T.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP de Foy, B (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA.
EM bdefoy@slu.edu
RI de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010
OI de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922
FU US National Science Foundation [ATM-0511803, ATM-0810931, ATM-0810950];
Molina Center for Strategic Studies in Energy and the Environment; NASA
HQ Science Mission Directorate; US Department of Energy (Office of
Science, BER) [DE-AI02-05ER63985]; NASA
FX The MILAGRO field campaign was supported by the Comision Ambiental
Metropolitana of Mexico, NSF, DOE, NASA and USDA Forest Service among
others. The financial support of the US National Science Foundation
(awards ATM-0511803, ATM-0810931 and ATM-0810950) and the Molina Center
for Strategic Studies in Energy and the Environment is gratefully
acknowledged for this work.; We acknowledge the support of the NASA
LaRC, NASA HQ Science Mission Directorate, and the NASA CALIPSO Project
for funding the development of the HSRL instrument. The deployment of
the HSRL in these field experiments were supported in part by the US
Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program (Office of Science,
BER, Grant DE-AI02-05ER63985). We also acknowledge the aircraft flight
support provided by personnel in the NASA LaRC Research Services
Directorate.
NR 84
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 4
U2 28
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 7
BP 3543
EP 3563
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3543-2011
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 750LN
UT WOS:000289548200034
ER
PT J
AU Sodemann, H
Pommier, M
Arnold, SR
Monks, SA
Stebel, K
Burkhart, JF
Hair, JW
Diskin, GS
Clerbaux, C
Coheur, PF
Hurtmans, D
Schlager, H
Blechschmidt, AM
Kristjansson, JE
Stohl, A
AF Sodemann, H.
Pommier, M.
Arnold, S. R.
Monks, S. A.
Stebel, K.
Burkhart, J. F.
Hair, J. W.
Diskin, G. S.
Clerbaux, C.
Coheur, P. -F.
Hurtmans, D.
Schlager, H.
Blechschmidt, A. -M.
Kristjansson, J. E.
Stohl, A.
TI Episodes of cross-polar transport in the Arctic troposphere during July
2008 as seen from models, satellite, and aircraft observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; POLLUTION TRANSPORT;
AIR-POLLUTION; FAST-RESPONSE; CHEMISTRY; SUMMER; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS;
VERSION
AB During the POLARCAT summer campaign in 2008, two episodes (2-5 July and 7-10 July 2008) occurred where low-pressure systems traveled from Siberia across the Arctic Ocean towards the North Pole. The two cyclones had extensive smoke plumes from Siberian forest fires and anthropogenic sources in East Asia embedded in their associated air masses, creating an excellent opportunity to use satellite and aircraft observations to validate the performance of atmospheric transport models in the Arctic, which is a challenging model domain due to numerical and other complications.
Here we compare transport simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART and the Eulerian chemical transport model TOMCAT with retrievals of total column CO from the IASI passive infrared sensor onboard the MetOp-A satellite. The main aspect of the comparison is how realistic horizontal and vertical structures are represented in the model simulations. Analysis of CALIPSO lidar curtains and in situ aircraft measurements provide further independent reference points to assess how reliable the model simulations are and what the main limitations are.
The horizontal structure of mid-latitude pollution plumes agrees well between the IASI total column CO and the model simulations. However, finer-scale structures are too quickly diffused in the Eulerian model. Applying the IASI averaging kernels to the model data is essential for a meaningful comparison. Using aircraft data as a reference suggests that the satellite data are biased high, while TOMCAT is biased low. FLEXPART fits the aircraft data rather well, but due to added background concentrations the simulation is not independent from observations. The multi-data, multi-model approach allows separating the influences of meteorological fields, model realisation, and grid type on the plume structure. In addition to the very good agreement between simulated and observed total column CO fields, the results also highlight the difficulty to identify a data set that most realistically represents the actual pollution state of the Arctic atmosphere.
C1 [Sodemann, H.; Stebel, K.; Burkhart, J. F.; Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway.
[Pommier, M.; Clerbaux, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, UPMC, CNRS INSU,LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France.
[Arnold, S. R.; Monks, S. A.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Hair, J. W.; Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Clerbaux, C.; Coheur, P. -F.; Hurtmans, D.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
[Schlager, H.] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Blechschmidt, A. -M.; Kristjansson, J. E.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway.
RP Sodemann, H (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway.
EM hso@nilu.no
RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Arnold, Steve/B-8856-2014; Stebel,
Kerstin/F-6465-2013; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Burkhart,
John/B-7095-2008;
OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Stebel, Kerstin/0000-0002-6935-7564;
Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685;
MONKS, SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X
FU Norwegian Research Council; NASA; SatLuft [C90283]; SRA; SAM; CNES;
NOVELTIS; F.R.S.-FNRS (M.I.S.) [nF.4511.08]; Belgian State Federal
Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs; European Space
Agency [C90-327]
FX Funding for this study was provided by the Norwegian Research Council
through the POLARCAT project. This is a contribution to the NASA ARCTAS
science mission. The Norwegian Meteorological Service kindly provided
access to the ECMWF data. Partial funding was provided by the SatLuft
project (ESA PRODEX contract C90283). Thanks to EUFAR for funding the
participation of SRA and SAM in the POLARCAT/ArcDAT campaign. IASI has
been developed and built under the responsibility of the Centre National
des Etudes Spatiales (CNES). It is flown onboard the MetOp-A satellite
as part of the Eumetsat Polar system. The IASI L1 data are received
through the Eumetcast near real time data distribution service. IASI L1
and L2 data are stored in the Ether French atmospheric database
(http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr). MP has been supported by a grant from
CNES and from NOVELTIS. The research in Belgium was funded by the
F.R.S.-FNRS (M. I. S. nF.4511.08), the Belgian State Federal Office for
Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs and the European Space Agency
(ESA-Prodex arrangements C90-327). Financial support by the Communaute
francaise de Belgique - Actions de Recherche Concertees is also
acknowledged. CALIPSO data were obtained from the Atmospheric Sciences
Data Center at NASA Langley Research Center. We thank M. P. Chipperfield
for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Two
anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their thorough and constructive
reviews.
NR 58
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 8
BP 3631
EP 3651
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3631-2011
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 756MC
UT WOS:000290014300005
ER
PT J
AU Shinozuka, Y
Redemann, J
Livingston, JM
Russell, PB
Clarke, AD
Howell, SG
Freitag, S
O'Neill, NT
Reid, EA
Johnson, R
Ramachandran, S
McNaughton, CS
Kapustin, VN
Brekhovskikh, V
Holben, BN
McArthur, LJB
AF Shinozuka, Y.
Redemann, J.
Livingston, J. M.
Russell, P. B.
Clarke, A. D.
Howell, S. G.
Freitag, S.
O'Neill, N. T.
Reid, E. A.
Johnson, R.
Ramachandran, S.
McNaughton, C. S.
Kapustin, V. N.
Brekhovskikh, V.
Holben, B. N.
McArthur, L. J. B.
TI Airborne observation of aerosol optical depth during ARCTAS: vertical
profiles, inter-comparison and fine-mode fraction
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; COLUMNAR
WATER-VAPOR; SUN PHOTOMETER; ACE-ASIA; MASS-SPECTROMETER; DESERT DUST;
SOLVE-II; IN-SITU; AERONET
AB We describe aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) experiment, focusing on vertical profiles, inter-comparison with correlative observations and fine-mode fraction. Arctic haze observed in < 2 km and 2-4 km over Alaska in April 2008 originated mainly from anthropogenic emission and biomass burning, respectively, according to aerosol mass spectrometry and black carbon incandescence measurements. The Angstrom exponent for these air masses is 1.4 +/- 0.3 and 1.7 +/- 0.1, respectively, when derived at 499 nm from a second-order polynomial fit to the AOD spectra measured with the 14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) over 354-2139 nm. We examine 55 vertical profiles selected from all phases of the experiment. For two thirds of them, the AOD spectra are within 3% + 0.02 of the vertical integral of local visible-light scattering and absorption. The horizontal structure of smoke plumes from local biomass burning observed in central Canada in June and July 2008 explains most outliers. The differences in mid-visible Angstrom exponent are < 0.10 for 63% of the profiles with 499-nm AOD > 0.1. The retrieved fine-mode fraction of AOD is mostly between 0.7 and 1.0, and its root mean square difference (in both directions) from column-integral submicron fraction (measured with nephelometers, absorption photometers and an impactor) is 0.12. These AOD measurements from the NASA P-3 aircraft, after compensation for below-aircraft light attenuation by vertical extrapolation, mostly fall within +/- 0.02 of AERONET ground-based measurements between 340-1640 nm for five overpass events.
C1 [Shinozuka, Y.; Ramachandran, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Shinozuka, Y.; Redemann, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
[Livingston, J. M.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Clarke, A. D.; Howell, S. G.; Freitag, S.; McNaughton, C. S.; Kapustin, V. N.; Brekhovskikh, V.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.
[Reid, E. A.] Marine Meteorol Div, Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
[Ramachandran, S.] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
[Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[McArthur, L. J. B.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
RP Shinozuka, Y (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM yohei.shinozuka@nasa.gov
FU NASA [AATS-14, NNX08AF88G]; Ames Research Center
FX We are particularly grateful to the support crews of the NASA P-3. We
would also like to thank Jim Podolske, Jeff Reid, Tom Eck, Ihab Abboud,
Lorraine Remer and Rich Kleidman for their input, and the AERONET and
AEROCAN teams for maintaining the field instruments and processing the
AERONET data. Yohei Shinozuka was partially supported by an appointment
to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center,
administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract
with NASA. AATS-14 observations were funded by NASA grant NNX08AF88G.
NR 72
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 8
BP 3673
EP 3688
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3673-2011
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 756MC
UT WOS:000290014300007
ER
PT J
AU Bousquet, P
Ringeval, B
Pison, I
Dlugokencky, EJ
Brunke, EG
Carouge, C
Chevallier, F
Fortems-Cheiney, A
Frankenberg, C
Hauglustaine, DA
Krummel, PB
Langenfelds, RL
Ramonet, M
Schmidt, M
Steele, LP
Szopa, S
Yver, C
Viovy, N
Ciais, P
AF Bousquet, P.
Ringeval, B.
Pison, I.
Dlugokencky, E. J.
Brunke, E. -G.
Carouge, C.
Chevallier, F.
Fortems-Cheiney, A.
Frankenberg, C.
Hauglustaine, D. A.
Krummel, P. B.
Langenfelds, R. L.
Ramonet, M.
Schmidt, M.
Steele, L. P.
Szopa, S.
Yver, C.
Viovy, N.
Ciais, P.
TI Source attribution of the changes in atmospheric methane for 2006-2008
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; METHYL CHLOROFORM;
TRANSPORT; EMISSIONS; CH4; CO2; OH; CONSTRAINTS; INVERSIONS
AB The recent increase of atmospheric methane is investigated by using two atmospheric inversions to quantify the distribution of sources and sinks for the 2006-2008 period, and a process-based model of methane emissions by natural wetland ecosystems. Methane emissions derived from the two inversions are consistent at a global scale: emissions are decreased in 2006 (-7 Tg) and increased in 2007 (+21 Tg) and 2008 (+18 Tg), as compared to the 1999-2006 period. The agreement on the latitudinal partition of the flux anomalies for the two inversions is fair in 2006, good in 2007, and not good in 2008. In 2007, a positive anomaly of tropical emissions is found to be the main contributor to the global emission anomalies (similar to 60-80%) for both inversions, with a dominant share attributed to natural wetlands (similar to 2/3), and a significant contribution from high latitudes (similar to 25%). The wetland ecosystem model produces smaller and more balanced positive emission anomalies between the tropics and the high latitudes for 2006, 2007 and 2008, mainly due to precipitation changes during these years. At a global scale, the agreement between the ecosystem model and the inversions is good in 2008 but not satisfying in 2006 and 2007. Tropical South America and Boreal Eurasia appear to be major contributors to variations in methane emissions consistently in the inversions and the ecosystem model. Finally, changes in OH radicals during 2006-2008 are found to be less than 1% in inversions, with only a small impact on the inferred methane emissions.
C1 [Bousquet, P.; Ringeval, B.; Pison, I.; Carouge, C.; Chevallier, F.; Fortems-Cheiney, A.; Hauglustaine, D. A.; Ramonet, M.; Schmidt, M.; Szopa, S.; Yver, C.; Viovy, N.; Ciais, P.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Bousquet, P.] Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvelines, Versailles, France.
[Dlugokencky, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Brunke, E. -G.] S African Weather Serv, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
[Frankenberg, C.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Steele, L. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Bousquet, P (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
EM philippe.bousquet@lsce.ipsl.fr
RI Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Szopa,
Sophie/F-8984-2010; Carouge, Claire/A-4755-2012; Krummel,
Paul/A-4293-2013; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Frankenberg,
Christian/A-2944-2013;
OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737;
Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678;
Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Frankenberg,
Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Ringeval, Bruno/0000-0001-8405-1304
FU French CNRS; EU; CNRS-INSU
FX French Atomic agency (CEA) and Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de
l'Environnement (LSCE) are to be thanked for providing computing time to
this work. Part of this work is funded by French CNRS and by EU projects
HYMN (Peter van Velthoven) and NITROEUROPE (inversion component: Peter
Bergamaschi). We acknowledge G. Van der Werf for providing CH4 emissions
from fires and J. Kaplan for providing the CH4 emission maps from
wetlands, to the NITROEUROPE project. We acknowledge the TRANSCOM
community for the region map used in this work. Nathalie de Noblet
(LSCE) and Pierre Friedlingstein (University of Bristol/LSCE) must be
thanked for fruitful discussion on ORCHIDEE model. C. Prigent (Paris
observatory) and F. Papa (GISS/USA) can be thanked to have provided the
inundation maps used in ORCHIDEE model for 1993-2000.; The publication
of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU.
NR 52
TC 108
Z9 111
U1 4
U2 64
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 8
BP 3689
EP 3700
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3689-2011
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 756MC
UT WOS:000290014300008
ER
PT J
AU Toyota, K
McConnell, JC
Lupu, A
Neary, L
McLinden, CA
Richter, A
Kwok, R
Semeniuk, K
Kaminski, JW
Gong, SL
Jarosz, J
Chipperfield, MP
Sioris, CE
AF Toyota, K.
McConnell, J. C.
Lupu, A.
Neary, L.
McLinden, C. A.
Richter, A.
Kwok, R.
Semeniuk, K.
Kaminski, J. W.
Gong, S. -L.
Jarosz, J.
Chipperfield, M. P.
Sioris, C. E.
TI Analysis of reactive bromine production and ozone depletion in the
Arctic boundary layer using 3-D simulations with GEM-AQ: inference from
synoptic-scale patterns
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLAR SUNRISE EXPERIMENT; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION
SPECTROSCOPY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION;
SNOWMELT-ONSET DATES; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MULTIYEAR SEA-ICE;
TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SURFACE OZONE
AB Episodes of high bromine levels and surface ozone depletion in the springtime Arctic are simulated by an online air-quality model, GEM-AQ, with gas-phase and heterogeneous reactions of inorganic bromine species and a simple scheme of air-snowpack chemical interactions implemented for this study. Snowpack on sea ice is assumed to be the only source of bromine to the atmosphere and to be capable of converting relatively stable bromine species to photolabile Br-2 via air-snowpack interactions. A set of sensitivity model runs are performed for April 2001 at a horizontal resolution of approximately 100 kmx100 km in the Arctic, to provide insights into the effects of temperature and the age (first-year, FY, versus multi-year, MY) of sea ice on the release of reactive bromine to the atmosphere. The model simulations capture much of the temporal variations in surface ozone mixing ratios as observed at stations in the high Arctic and the synoptic-scale evolution of areas with enhanced BrO column amount ("BrO clouds") as estimated from satellite observations. The simulated "BrO clouds" are in modestly better agreement with the satellite measurements when the FY sea ice is assumed to be more efficient at releasing reactive bromine to the atmosphere than on the MY sea ice. Surface ozone data from coastal stations used in this study are not sufficient to evaluate unambiguously the difference between the FY sea ice and the MY sea ice as a source of bromine. The results strongly suggest that reactive bromine is released ubiquitously from the snow on the sea ice during the Arctic spring while the timing and location of the bromine release are largely controlled by meteorological factors. It appears that a rapid advection and an enhanced turbulent diffusion associated with strong boundary-layer winds drive transport and dispersion of ozone to the near-surface air over the sea ice, increasing the oxidation rate of bromide (Br-) in the surface snow. Also, if indeed the surface snowpack does supply most of the reactive bromine in the Arctic boundary layer, it appears to be capable of releasing reactive bromine at temperatures as high as -10 degrees C, particularly on the sea ice in the central and eastern Arctic Ocean. Dynamically-induced BrO column variability in the lower-most stratosphere appears to interfere with the use of satellite BrO column measurements for interpreting BrO variability in the lower troposphere but probably not to the extent of totally obscuring "BrO clouds" that originate from the surface snow/ice source of bromine in the high Arctic. A budget analysis of the simulated air-surface exchange of bromine compounds suggests that a "bromine explosion" occurs in the interstitial air of the snowpack and/or is accelerated by heterogeneous reactions on the surface of wind-blown snow in ambient air, both of which are not represented explicitly in our simple model but could have been approximated by a parameter adjustment for the yield of Br2 from the trigger.
C1 [Toyota, K.; McConnell, J. C.; Lupu, A.; Neary, L.; Semeniuk, K.; Kaminski, J. W.; Jarosz, J.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada.
[Toyota, K.; McLinden, C. A.; Gong, S. -L.; Sioris, C. E.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Richter, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Kwok, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Chipperfield, M. P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
RP Toyota, K (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada.
EM kenjiro.toyota@ec.gc.ca
RI Lupu, Alexandru/D-3689-2009; Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008; Chipperfield,
Martyn/H-6359-2013; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Toyota,
Kenjiro/D-7044-2012;
OI Lupu, Alexandru/0000-0002-4520-5523; Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896;
Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Richter,
Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Toyota, Kenjiro/0000-0001-9280-5305;
Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755
FU Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Ontario
Ministry of the Environment; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario
Innovation Trust; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada; University of Bremen; European Union; UK NCEO
FX We thank A. Hussain and M. Neish for their assistance with computer
programing for GEM-AQ, E. Chan of Environment Canada for providing
surface ozone data from Alert, A. Platt of Environment Canada for the
maintenance of meteorological equipments at Alert GAW station, and A.-G.
Hjellbrekke of Norwegian Institute for Air Research for providing
meteorological data from Zeppelin. Surface ozone data for Barrow and
Summit were obtained from NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division
(http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/) and for Zeppelin from the EMEP Chemical
Coordinating Centre at Norwegian Institute of Air Research
(http://tarantula.nilu.no/projects/ccc/emepdata.html). Ozonesonde data
were obtained from World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre
(http://exp-studies.tor.ec.gc.ca/e/WOUDC.htm). We also thank M. Samaali
and J. Racine of the Canadian Meteorological Centre for assistance with
back-trajectory analysis. KT is indebted to L. Kaleschke, T. L. Zhao, H.
K. Roscoe, A. Dastoor, D. Durnford, T. Kikuchi, J. Inoue, J. Zhang and
B. Johnson for useful comments and discussion. This study was supported
by Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, Ontario
Ministry of the Environment, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario
Innovation Trust, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
of Canada. Analysis of the GOME BrO data was funded by the University of
Bremen and the European Union THALOZ project. The SLIMCAT modeling work
at Leads was supported by the UK NCEO.
NR 178
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 25
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 8
BP 3949
EP 3979
DI 10.5194/acp-11-3949-2011
PG 31
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 756MC
UT WOS:000290014300026
ER
PT J
AU Worden, J
Noone, D
Galewsky, J
Bailey, A
Bowman, K
Brown, D
Hurley, J
Kulawik, S
Lee, J
Strong, M
AF Worden, J.
Noone, D.
Galewsky, J.
Bailey, A.
Bowman, K.
Brown, D.
Hurley, J.
Kulawik, S.
Lee, J.
Strong, M.
TI Estimate of bias in Aura TES HDO/H2O profiles from comparison of TES and
in situ HDO/H2O measurements at the Mauna Loa observatory
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; STRATOSPHERIC DEUTERATED WATER;
VAPOR ISOTOPOLOGUES; IMG/ADEOS DATA; RATIOS; HDO; VALIDATION; O-18/O-16;
SATELLITE; TRANSPORT
AB The Aura satellite Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument is capable of measuring the HDO/H2O ratio in the lower troposphere using thermal infrared radiances between 1200 and 1350 cm(-1). However, direct validation of these measurements is challenging due to a lack of in situ measured vertical profiles of the HDO/H2O ratio that are spatially and temporally co-located with the TES observations. From 11 October through 5 November 2008, we undertook a campaign to measure HDO and H2O at the Mauna Loa observatory in Hawaii for comparison with TES observations. The Mauna Loa observatory is situated at 3.1 km above sea level or approximately 680 hPa, which is approximately the altitude where the TES HDO/H2O observations show the most sensitivity. Another advantage of comparing in situ data from this site to estimates derived from thermal IR radiances is that the volcanic rock is heated by sunlight during the day, thus providing significant thermal contrast between the surface and atmosphere; this thermal contrast increases the sensitivity to near surface estimates of tropospheric trace gases. The objective of this inter-comparison is to better characterize a bias in the TES HDO data, which had been previously estimated to be approximately 5% too high for a column integrated value between 850 hPa and 500 hPa. We estimate that the TES HDO profiles should be corrected downwards by approximately 4.8% and 6.3% for Versions 3 and 4 of the data respectively. These corrections must account for the vertical sensitivity of the TES HDO estimates. We estimate that the precision of this bias correction is approximately 1.9%. The accuracy is driven by the corrections applied to the in situ HDO and H2O measurements using flask data taken during the inter-comparison campaign and is estimated to be less than 1 %. Future comparisons of TES data to accurate vertical profiles of in situ measurements are needed to refine this bias estimate.
C1 [Worden, J.; Bowman, K.; Kulawik, S.; Lee, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Noone, D.; Bailey, A.; Brown, D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Galewsky, J.; Hurley, J.; Strong, M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
RP Worden, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM john.worden@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Lee, Jeonghoon/E-8116-2010; Bailey, Adriana/J-2066-2015
OI Lee, Jeonghoon/0000-0002-1256-4431; Bailey, Adriana/0000-0002-2614-1560
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NSF [ATM-084018,
ATM-0840129]
FX We would like to thank Jung-Eun Lee and Christian Frankenberg for
helpful comments. The work described here is performed at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under
contracts from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The
NASA ROSES Aura Science Team NNH07ZDA001N-AST 07-AST07-0069 contributed
to the support of the analysis. The Mauna Loa field program was
supported by NSF Grants ATM-084018 to Joe Galewsky and ATM-0840129 to
David Noone. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report
are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government
position, policy, or decision.
NR 30
TC 28
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 9
BP 4491
EP 4503
DI 10.5194/acp-11-4491-2011
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 764GT
UT WOS:000290618600030
ER
PT J
AU Stavrakou, T
Guenther, A
Razavi, A
Clarisse, L
Clerbaux, C
Coheur, PF
Hurtmans, D
Karagulian, F
De Maziere, M
Vigouroux, C
Amelynck, C
Schoon, N
Laffineur, Q
Heinesch, B
Aubinet, M
Rinsland, C
Muller, JF
AF Stavrakou, T.
Guenther, A.
Razavi, A.
Clarisse, L.
Clerbaux, C.
Coheur, P. -F.
Hurtmans, D.
Karagulian, F.
De Maziere, M.
Vigouroux, C.
Amelynck, C.
Schoon, N.
Laffineur, Q.
Heinesch, B.
Aubinet, M.
Rinsland, C.
Muller, J. -F.
TI First space-based derivation of the global atmospheric methanol emission
fluxes
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EDDY COVARIANCE
MEASUREMENTS; BIOMASS BURNING PLUMES; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; GROUND-BASED
FTIR; COMPOUND EMISSIONS; FORMALDEHYDE COLUMNS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE;
SEASONAL-VARIATION
AB This study provides improved methanol emission estimates on the global scale, in particular for the largest methanol source, the terrestrial biosphere, and for biomass burning. To this purpose, one complete year of spaceborne measurements of tropospheric methanol columns retrieved for the first time by the thermal infrared sensor IASI aboard the MetOp satellite are compared with distributions calculated by the IMAGESv2 global chemistry-transport model. Two model simulations are performed using a priori biogenic methanol emissions either from the new MEGANv2.1 emission model, which is fully described in this work and is based on net ecosystem flux measurements, or from a previous parameterization based on net primary production by Jacob et al. (2005). A significantly better model performance in terms of both amplitude and seasonality is achieved through the use of MEGANv2.1 in most world regions, with respect to IASI data, and to surface- and air-based methanol measurements, even though important discrepancies over several regions are still present. As a second step of this study, we combine the MEGANv2.1 and the IASI column abundances over continents in an inverse modelling scheme based on the adjoint of the IMAGESv2 model to generate an improved global methanol emission source. The global optimized source totals 187 Tg yr(-1) with a contribution of 100 Tg yr(-1) from plants, only slightly lower than the a priori MEGANv2.1 value of 105 Tg yr(-1). Large decreases with respect to the MEGANv2.1 biogenic source are inferred over Amazonia (up to 55 %) and Indonesia (up to 58 %), whereas more moderate reductions are recorded in the Eastern US (20-25 %) and Central Africa (25-35 %). On the other hand, the biogenic source is found to strongly increase in the arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia (up to a factor of 5) and Western US (factor of 2), probably due to a source of methanol specific to these ecosystems which is unaccounted for in the MEGANv2.1 inventory. The most significant error reductions achieved by the optimization concern the derived biogenic emissions over the Amazon and over the Former Soviet Union. The robustness of the derived fluxes to changes in convective updraft fluxes, in methanol removal processes, and in the choice of the biogenic a priori inventory is assessed through sensitivity inversions. Detailed comparisons of the model with a number of aircraft and surface observations of methanol, as well as new methanol measurements in Europe and in the Reunion Island show that the satellite-derived methanol emissions improve significantly the agreement with the independent data, giving thus credence to the IASI dataset.
C1 [Stavrakou, T.; De Maziere, M.; Vigouroux, C.; Amelynck, C.; Schoon, N.; Muller, J. -F.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
[Guenther, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Razavi, A.; Clarisse, L.; Clerbaux, C.; Coheur, P. -F.; Hurtmans, D.; Karagulian, F.] Univ Libre Brussels, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium.
[Clerbaux, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU,LATMOS,IPSL, Paris, France.
[Laffineur, Q.; Heinesch, B.; Aubinet, M.] Univ Liege, Unite Phys Biosyst, Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
[Rinsland, C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Stavrakou, T (reprint author), Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Ave Circulaire 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
EM jenny@aeronomie.be
RI Clarisse, Lieven/C-3933-2011; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Guenther,
Alex/B-1617-2008
OI Clarisse, Lieven/0000-0002-8805-2141; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288
FU Belgian Science Policy Office; Fonds National de la Recherche
Scientifique [FRS-FNRS F.4511.08]
FX IASI has been developed and built under the responsibility of the Centre
National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France). It is flown onboard the
Metop satellites as part of the EUMETSAT Polar System. This work has
been supported by the PRODEX programme of the European Space Agency
funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office and the Fonds National de la
Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS F.4511.08).
NR 102
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 6
U2 25
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 10
BP 4873
EP 4898
DI 10.5194/acp-11-4873-2011
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 770NU
UT WOS:000291094500021
ER
PT J
AU Nair, PJ
Godin-Beekmann, S
Pazmino, A
Hauchecorne, A
Ancellet, G
Petropavlovskikh, I
Flynn, LE
Froidevaux, L
AF Nair, P. J.
Godin-Beekmann, S.
Pazmino, A.
Hauchecorne, A.
Ancellet, G.
Petropavlovskikh, I.
Flynn, L. E.
Froidevaux, L.
TI Coherence of long-term stratospheric ozone vertical distribution time
series used for the study of ozone recovery at a northern mid-latitude
station
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; DIAL MEASUREMENTS; DATA SET; SAGE-II;
TRENDS; PROFILES; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; UMKEHR; UNCERTAINTIES
AB The coherence of stratospheric ozone time series retrieved from various observational records is investigated at Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP-43.93 degrees N, 5.71 degrees E). The analysis is accomplished through the intercomparison of collocated ozone measurements of Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) with Solar Backscatter UltraViolet(/2) (SBUV(/2)), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II), Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) and Aura and Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) satellite observations as well as with in situ ozonesondes and ground-based Umkehr measurements performed at OHP. A detailed statistical study of the relative differences of ozone observations over the whole stratosphere is performed to detect any specific drift in the data. On average, all instruments show their best agreement with lidar at 20-40 km, where deviations are within +/- 5%. Discrepancies are somewhat higher below 20 and above 40 km. The agreement with SAGE II data is remarkable since average differences are within +/- 1% at 1741 km. In contrast, Umkehr data underestimate systematically the lidar measurements in the whole stratosphere with a near zero bias at 16-8 hPa (similar to 30 km). Drifts are estimated using simple linear regression for the data sets analysed in this study, from the monthly averaged difference time series. The derived values are less than +/- 0.5% yr-1 in the 20-40 km altitude range and most drifts are not significant at the 2 sigma level. We also discuss the possibilities of extending the SAGE II and HALOE data with the GOMOS and Aura MLS data in consideration with relative offsets and drifts since the combination of such data sets are likely to be used for the study of stratospheric ozone recovery in the future.
C1 [Nair, P. J.; Godin-Beekmann, S.; Pazmino, A.; Hauchecorne, A.; Ancellet, G.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, CNRS INSU,UMR 8190, Paris, France.
[Petropavlovskikh, I.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Flynn, L. E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Nair, PJ (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, CNRS INSU,UMR 8190, Paris, France.
EM gopalapi@aero.jussieu.fr
RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013;
OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Hauchecorne,
Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994
FU GEOMON (Global Earth Observation and Monitoring of the Atmosphere);
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX We would like to thank Cathy Boonne for maintaining ETHER data cluster,
the NASA Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC) and the NASA Langley
Radiation and Aerosols Branch for providing SAGE II data and, the
collaborative institutes of the NASA Langley Research Center for
maintaining HALOE data. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The data used in this
publication were obtained as part of the NDACC and are publicly
available (see http://www.ndacc.org). The data used in this effort were
acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission
Directorate, and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth
Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). This work is
supported by a funding from the GEOMON (Global Earth Observation and
Monitoring of the Atmosphere) European project.
NR 59
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 10
BP 4957
EP 4975
DI 10.5194/acp-11-4957-2011
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 770NU
UT WOS:000291094500026
ER
PT J
AU Oreopoulos, L
Norris, PM
AF Oreopoulos, L.
Norris, P. M.
TI An analysis of cloud overlap at a midlatitude atmospheric observation
facility
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; RADAR DATA; REPRESENTATION; FIELDS
AB An analysis of cloud overlap based on high temporal and vertical resolution retrievals of cloud condensate from a suite of ground instruments is performed at a mid-latitude atmospheric observation facility. Two facets of overlap are investigated: cloud fraction overlap, expressed in terms of a parameter "alpha" indicating the relative contributions of maximum and random overlap, and overlap of horizontal distributions of condensate, expressed in terms of the correlation coefficient of condensate ranks. The degree of proximity to the random and maximum overlap assumptions is also expressed in terms of a decorrelation length, a convenient scalar parameter for overlap parameters assumed to decay exponentially with separation distance. Both cloud fraction overlap and condensate overlap show significant seasonal variations with a clear tendency for more maximum overlap in the summer months. More maximum overlap is also generally observed when the domain size used to define cloud fractions increases. These tendencies also exist for rank correlations, but are significantly weaker. Hitherto unexplored overlap parameter dependencies are investigated by analyzing mean parameter differences at fixed separation distance within different layers of the atmospheric column, and by searching for possible systematic relationships between alpha and rank correlation. We find that for the same separation distance the overlap parameters are significantly distinct in different atmospheric layers, and that random cloud fraction overlap is usually associated with more randomly overlapped condensate ranks.
C1 [Oreopoulos, L.] NASA GSFC, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Norris, P. M.] NASA GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Norris, P. M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA.
RP Oreopoulos, L (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM lazaros.oreopoulos@nasa.gov
RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Norris, Peter/H-2008-2012
OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Norris,
Peter/0000-0001-6807-9884
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division
[DE-FG02-07ER64354]; NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction and
CloudSat/CALIPSO Science Team
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support by the US Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental
Research, Environmental Sciences Division as part of the ARM program
under grant DE-FG02-07ER64354, and by the NASA Modeling Analysis and
Prediction and CloudSat/CALIPSO Science Team Recompete programs managed
by David Considine. We would like to thank Mike Jensen and Maureen Dunn
of Brookhaven National Lab for generating and providing the MICROBASE
data used in our analysis.
NR 18
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 12
BP 5557
EP 5567
DI 10.5194/acp-11-5557-2011
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 781NK
UT WOS:000291939800002
ER
PT J
AU Sessions, WR
Fuelberg, HE
Kahn, RA
Winker, DM
AF Sessions, W. R.
Fuelberg, H. E.
Kahn, R. A.
Winker, D. M.
TI An investigation of methods for injecting emissions from boreal
wildfires using WRF-Chem during ARCTAS
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; FOREST-FIRE
SMOKE; NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-POLLUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BLACK CARBON;
VERTICAL DIFFUSION; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION; SCALE TRANSPORT
AB The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) is considered a "next generation" mesoscale meteorology model. The inclusion of a chemistry module (WRF-Chem) allows transport simulations of chemical and aerosol species such as those observed during NASA's Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) in 2008. The ARCTAS summer deployment phase during June and July coincided with large boreal wildfires in Saskatchewan and Eastern Russia.
One of the most important aspects of simulating wildfire plume transport is the height at which emissions are injected. WRF-Chem contains an integrated one-dimensional plume rise model to determine the appropriate injection layer. The plume rise model accounts for thermal buoyancy associated with fires and local atmospheric stability. This paper describes a case study of a 10 day period during the Spring phase of ARCTAS. It compares results from the plume model against those of two more traditional injection methods: Injecting within the planetary boundary layer, and in a layer 3-5 km above ground level. Fire locations are satellite derived from the GOES Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA) and the MODIS thermal hotspot detection. Two methods for preprocessing these fire data are compared: The prep chem sources method included with WRF-Chem, and the Naval Research Laboratory's Fire Locating and Monitoring of Burning Emissions (FLAMBE). Results from the simulations are compared with satellite-derived products from the AIRS, MISR and CALIOP sensors.
When FLAMBE provides input to the 1-D plume rise model, the resulting injection heights exhibit the best agreement with satellite-observed injection heights. The FLAMBE-derived heights are more realistic than those utilizing prep chem sources. Conversely, when the planetary boundary layer or the 3-5 km a. g. l. layer were filled with emissions, the resulting injection heights exhibit less agreement with observed plume heights. Results indicate that differences in injection heights produce different transport pathways. These differences are especially pronounced in area of strong vertical wind shear and when the integration period is long.
C1 [Sessions, W. R.; Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Kahn, R. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Winker, D. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Fuelberg, HE (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM hfuelberg@fsu.edu
RI Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Sessions, Walter/O-8096-2014
OI Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Sessions, Walter/0000-0002-5376-4894
FU NASA [NNX08AH72G]
FX This research was sponsored by NASA's Global Tropospheric Chemistry
Program through Grant NNX08AH72G to Florida State University. We
appreciate the helpful information provided by Michael Fromm and Juying
Warner. We also appreciate the assistance of the many individuals who
made ARCTAS a success - the ground crew, pilots, supporting staff, and
other members of the ARCTAS Science Team. Two anonymous reviewers as
well as Maria Val Martin provided valuable information that greatly
improved the manuscript.
NR 111
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 5
U2 23
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 12
BP 5719
EP 5744
DI 10.5194/acp-11-5719-2011
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 781NK
UT WOS:000291939800012
ER
PT J
AU Myriokefalitakis, S
Tsigaridis, K
Mihalopoulos, N
Sciare, J
Nenes, A
Kawamura, K
Segers, A
Kanakidou, M
AF Myriokefalitakis, S.
Tsigaridis, K.
Mihalopoulos, N.
Sciare, J.
Nenes, A.
Kawamura, K.
Segers, A.
Kanakidou, M.
TI In-cloud oxalate formation in the global troposphere: a 3-D modeling
study
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; BIOMASS
BURNING AEROSOLS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI CCN; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT;
DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; AQUEOUS-PHASE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PARTICULATE
MATTER; URBAN ATMOSPHERE
AB Organic acids attract increasing attention as contributors to atmospheric acidity, secondary organic aerosol mass and aerosol hygroscopicity. Oxalic acid is globally the most abundant dicarboxylic acid, formed via chemical oxidation of gas-phase precursors in the aqueous phase of aerosols and droplets. Its lifecycle and atmospheric global distribution remain highly uncertain and are the focus of this study. The first global spatial and temporal distribution of oxalate, simulated using a state-of-the-art aqueous-phase chemical scheme embedded within the global 3-dimensional chemistry/transport model TM4-ECPL, is here presented. The model accounts for comprehensive gas-phase chemistry and its coupling with major aerosol constituents (including secondary organic aerosol). Model results are consistent with ambient observations of oxalate at rural and remote locations (slope = 1.16 +/- 0.14, r(2) = 0.36, N = 114) and suggest that aqueous-phase chemistry contributes significantly to the global atmospheric burden of secondary organic aerosol. In TM4-ECPL most oxalate is formed in-cloud and less than 5% is produced in aerosol water. About 62% of the oxalate is removed via wet deposition, 30% by in-cloud reaction with hydroxyl radical, 4% by in-cloud reaction with nitrate radical and 4% by dry deposition. The in-cloud global oxalate net chemical production is calculated to be about 21-37 Tgyr(-1) with almost 79% originating from biogenic hydrocarbons, mainly isoprene. This condensed phase net source of oxalate in conjunction with a global mean turnover time against deposition of about 5 days, maintain oxalate's global tropospheric burden of 0.2-0.3 Tg, i.e. 0.05-0.1 Tg-C that is about 5-9% of model-calculated water soluble organic carbon burden.
C1 [Myriokefalitakis, S.; Mihalopoulos, N.; Kanakidou, M.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Environm Chem Proc Lab, Iraklion 71003, Greece.
[Myriokefalitakis, S.; Nenes, A.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH, Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc ICE HT, Patras 26504, Greece.
[Tsigaridis, K.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Tsigaridis, K.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Sciare, J.] CNRS CEA, LSCE, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Kawamura, K.] Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan.
[Segers, A.] TNO Built Environm & Geosci, Dept Air Qual & Climate, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.
RP Kanakidou, M (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Environm Chem Proc Lab, POB 2208, Iraklion 71003, Greece.
EM mariak@chemistry.uoc.gr
RI Kawamura, Kimitaka/B-3839-2011; Kanakidou, Maria/D-7882-2012;
Tsigaridis, Kostas/K-8292-2012; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/H-5327-2016;
Myriokefalitakis, Stylianos/J-3701-2014
OI Kanakidou, Maria/0000-0002-1724-9692; Tsigaridis,
Kostas/0000-0001-5328-819X; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/0000-0002-1282-0896;
Myriokefalitakis, Stylianos/0000-0002-1541-7680
FU EUCAARI (European Integrated Project on Aerosol Cloud Climate Air
Quality Interactions); PEGASOS (Pan-European Gas-AeroSOls-climate
interaction Study); PENED [03ED373]; EU; Greek Ministry of Development -
GSRT; French Polar Institute (IPEV)
FX This work was supported by the EUCAARI (European Integrated Project on
Aerosol Cloud Climate Air Quality Interactions), the PEGASOS
(Pan-European Gas-AeroSOls-climate interaction Study) and its
presentation has been facilitated by the ACCENT (Atmospheric Composition
Change - The European Network of Excellence). S. M. acknowledges support
by a PENED 03ED373 grant co-financed by EU-European Social Fund (75%)
and the Greek Ministry of Development - GSRT (25%) at early stages of
this work. Measurements performed at Amsterdam Island were supported by
the French Polar Institute (IPEV) within the AEROTRACE program. We would
like to thank D. Simpson, C. A. Pio and CARBOSOL (Present and
retrospective state of organic versus inorganic aerosol over Europe:
implication for climate) consortium for data availability. We thank F.
J. Dentener and M. Krol for helpful recommendations concerning model
development, E. Gerasopoulos for statistical analysis, R. Volkamer for
useful discussions and B. Ervens for constructive comments on the
aqueous phase chemical scheme.
NR 142
TC 91
Z9 93
U1 1
U2 21
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 12
BP 5761
EP 5782
DI 10.5194/acp-11-5761-2011
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 781NK
UT WOS:000291939800014
ER
PT J
AU Voulgarakis, A
Telford, PJ
Aghedo, AM
Braesicke, P
Faluvegi, G
Abraham, NL
Bowman, KW
Pyle, JA
Shindell, DT
AF Voulgarakis, A.
Telford, P. J.
Aghedo, A. M.
Braesicke, P.
Faluvegi, G.
Abraham, N. L.
Bowman, K. W.
Pyle, J. A.
Shindell, D. T.
TI Global multi-year O-3-CO correlation patterns from models and TES
satellite observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; BIOMASS
BURNING EMISSIONS; AIR-POLLUTION TRANSPORT; TRACE GAS CORRELATIONS;
OZONE-CO CORRELATIONS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SURFACE
OZONE; REGIONAL-SCALE
AB The correlation between measured tropospheric ozone (O-3) and carbon monoxide (CO) has been used extensively in tropospheric chemistry studies to explore the photochemical characteristics of different regions and to evaluate the ability of models to capture these characteristics. Here, we present the first study that uses multi-year, global, vertically resolved, simultaneous and collocated O-3 and CO satellite (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer) measurements, to determine this correlation in the middle/lower free troposphere for two different seasons, and to evaluate two chemistry-climate models. We find results that are fairly robust across different years, altitudes and timescales considered, which indicates that the correlation maps presented here could be used in future model evaluations. The highest positive correlations (around 0.8) are found in the northern Pacific during summer, which is a common feature in the observations and the G-PUCCINI model. We make quantitative comparisons between the models using a single-figure metric (C), which we define as the correlation coefficient between the modeled and the observed O-3-CO correlations for different regions of the globe. On a global scale, the G-PUCCINI model shows a good performance in the summer (C = 0.71) and a satisfactory performance in the winter (C = 0.52). It captures midlatitude features very well, especially in the summer, whereas the performance in regions like South America or Central Africa is weaker. The UKCA model (C = 0.46/0.15 for July-August/December-January on a global scale) performs better in certain regions, such as the tropics in winter, and it captures some of the broad characteristics of summer extratropical correlations, but it systematically underestimates the O-3-CO correlations over much of the globe. It is noteworthy that the correlations look very different in the two models, even though the ozone distributions are similar. This demonstrates that this technique provides a powerful global constraint for understanding modeled tropospheric chemical processes. We investigated the sources of the correlations by performing a series of sensitivity experiments. In these, the sign of the correlation is, in most cases, insensitive to removing different individual emissions, but its magnitude changes downwind of emission regions when applying such perturbations. Interestingly, we find that the O-3-CO correlation does not solely reflect the strength of O-3 photochemical production, as often assumed by earlier studies, but is more complicated and may reflect a mixture of different processes such as transport.
C1 [Voulgarakis, A.; Faluvegi, G.; Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Voulgarakis, A.; Faluvegi, G.; Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA.
[Telford, P. J.; Braesicke, P.; Abraham, N. L.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, NCAS Climate, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
[Aghedo, A. M.; Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Voulgarakis, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM avoulgarakis@giss.nasa.gov
RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016
OI Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619
FU NASA; NCAS-Climate; NCEO (UK)
FX We wish to thank NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis
Program, NCAS-Climate and NCEO (UK) for supporting this work. We would
also like to thank Jennifer Logan and Lin Zhang (Harvard) for the
stimulating discussions on this project.
NR 102
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 2
U2 23
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 12
BP 5819
EP 5838
DI 10.5194/acp-11-5819-2011
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 781NK
UT WOS:000291939800017
ER
PT J
AU Nassar, R
Jones, DBA
Kulawik, SS
Worden, JR
Bowman, KW
Andres, RJ
Suntharalingam, P
Chen, JM
Brenninkmeijer, CAM
Schuck, TJ
Conway, TJ
Worthy, DE
AF Nassar, R.
Jones, D. B. A.
Kulawik, S. S.
Worden, J. R.
Bowman, K. W.
Andres, R. J.
Suntharalingam, P.
Chen, J. M.
Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.
Schuck, T. J.
Conway, T. J.
Worthy, D. E.
TI Inverse modeling of CO2 sources and sinks using satellite observations
of CO2 from TES and surface flask measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE;
REGIONAL-SCALE FLUXES; UPDATED EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;
OBSERVING SYSTEMS; TRANSPORT MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST; AIRCRAFT
AB We infer CO2 surface fluxes using satellite observations of mid-tropospheric CO2 from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and measurements of CO2 from surface flasks in a time-independent inversion analysis based on the GEOS-Chem model. Using TES CO2 observations over oceans, spanning 40 degrees S-40 degrees N, we find that the horizontal and vertical coverage of the TES and flask data are complementary. This complementarity is demonstrated by combining the datasets in a joint inversion, which provides better constraints than from either dataset alone, when a posteriori CO2 distributions are evaluated against independent ship and aircraft CO2 data. In particular, the joint inversion offers improved constraints in the tropics where surface measurements are sparse, such as the tropical forests of South America. Aggregating the annual surface-to-atmosphere fluxes from the joint inversion for the year 2006 yields -1.13 +/- 0.21 PgC for the global ocean, -2.77 +/- 0.20 PgC for the global land biosphere and -3.90 +/- 0.29 PgC for the total global natural flux (defined as the sum of all biospheric, oceanic, and biomass burning contributions but excluding CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion). These global ocean and global land fluxes are shown to be near the median of the broad range of values from other inversion results for 2006. To achieve these results, a bias in TES CO2 in the Southern Hemisphere was assessed and corrected using aircraft flask data, and we demonstrate that our results have low sensitivity to variations in the bias correction approach. Overall, this analysis suggests that future carbon data assimilation systems can benefit by integrating in situ and satellite observations of CO2 and that the vertical information provided by satellite observations of mid-tropospheric CO2 combined with measurements of surface CO2, provides an important additional constraint for flux inversions.
C1 [Nassar, R.; Worthy, D. E.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Nassar, R.; Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Kulawik, S. S.; Worden, J. R.; Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Andres, R. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Suntharalingam, P.] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 2E5, Canada.
[Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.; Schuck, T. J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Air Chem Div, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Conway, T. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Nassar, R (reprint author), Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
EM ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca
RI ANDRES, ROBERT/B-9786-2012; Brenninkmeijer, Carl/B-6860-2013; Chem,
GEOS/C-5595-2014; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014;
OI Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611;
Schuck, Tanja/0000-0002-1380-3684
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Jet
Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
FX Work at the University of Toronto was funded by the Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. Work at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology was carried out
under contract to NASA. We especially thank T. Machida and H. Matsueda
of the CONTRAIL project for providing their aircraft CO2
flask data for this work. Thanks to all of those who have contributed to
the Carboscope (www.carboscope.eu) and CarbonTracker
(www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/carbontracker) websites for these excellent
resources that make CO2 flux inversion results publicly
available. Lastly, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful
comments and suggestions.
NR 90
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 12
BP 6029
EP 6047
DI 10.5194/acp-11-6029-2011
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 784UJ
UT WOS:000292183400007
ER
PT J
AU Liu, C
Beirle, S
Butler, T
Liu, J
Hoor, P
Jockel, P
de Vries, MP
Pozzer, A
Frankenberg, C
Lawrence, MG
Lelieveld, J
Platt, U
Wagner, T
AF Liu, C.
Beirle, S.
Butler, T.
Liu, J.
Hoor, P.
Joeckel, P.
de Vries, M. Penning
Pozzer, A.
Frankenberg, C.
Lawrence, M. G.
Lelieveld, J.
Platt, U.
Wagner, T.
TI Application of SCIAMACHY and MOPITT CO total column measurements to
evaluate model results over biomass burning regions and Eastern China
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SUBMODEL SYSTEM MESSY; GLOBAL
CARBON-MONOXIDE; TECHNICAL NOTE; WFM-DOAS; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY;
SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; ONBOARD ENVISAT; TRACE GASES; CH4
AB We developed a new CO vertical column density product from near IR observations of the SCIAMACHY instrument onboard ENVISAT. For the correction of a temporally and spatially variable offset of the CO vertical column densities we apply a normalisation procedure based on coincident MOPITT (version 4) observations over the oceans. The resulting normalised SCIAMACHY CO data is well suited for the investigation of the CO distribution over continents, where important emission sources are located. We use only SCIAMACHY observations for effective cloud fractions below 20 %. Since the remaining effects of clouds can still be large (up to 100 %), we applied a cloud correction scheme which explicitly considers the cloud fraction, cloud top height and surface albedo of individual observations. The normalisation procedure using MOPITT data and the cloud correction substantially improve the agreement with independent data sets. We compared our new SCIAMACHY CO data set, and also observations from the MOPITT instrument, to the results from three global atmospheric chemistry models (MATCH, EMAC at low and high resolution, and GEOS-Chem); the focus of this comparison is on regions with strong CO emissions (from biomass burning or anthropogenic sources). The comparison indicates that over most of these regions the seasonal cycle is generally captured well but the simulated CO vertical column densities are systematically smaller than those from the satellite observations, in particular with respect to SCIAMACHY observations. Because SCIAMACHY is more sensitive to the lowest part of the atmosphere compared to MOPITT, this indicates that especially close to the surface the model simulations systematically underestimate the true atmospheric CO concentrations, probably caused by an underestimation of CO emissions by current emission inventories. For some biomass burning regions, however, such as Central Africa in July-August, model results are also found to be higher than the satellite observations.
C1 [Liu, C.; Beirle, S.; Butler, T.; Hoor, P.; Joeckel, P.; de Vries, M. Penning; Pozzer, A.; Lawrence, M. G.; Lelieveld, J.; Wagner, T.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany.
[Liu, J.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON, Canada.
[Pozzer, A.; Lelieveld, J.] Cyprus Inst, Nicosia, Cyprus.
[Frankenberg, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Platt, U.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany.
RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany.
EM thomas.wagner@mpic.de
RI Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Butler, Tim/G-1139-2011; Penning de Vries,
Marloes/H-8835-2012; Lelieveld, Johannes/A-1986-2013; Pozzer,
Andrea/L-4872-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; hoor, peter/G-5421-2010;
Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013
OI Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Penning de Vries,
Marloes/0000-0002-2257-1037; Pozzer, Andrea/0000-0003-2440-6104; hoor,
peter/0000-0001-6582-6864; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857
FU NASA; German French DFG/INSU-CNRS; National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
FX MODIS albedo data were obtained from NASA's Earth Observing System
(EOS), http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/ALBEDO/. ATSR fire counts were
obtained from European Space Agency,
http://shark1.esrin.esa.it/ionia/FIRE/. The GEOS-Chem simulation was
carried out at the Atmospheric Physics and Composition Modelling Group
led by Dylan B. Jones of the University of Toronto. J. L. is grateful to
Prof. Jones for his generous help. The GEOS-Chem model is managed at
Harvard University with support from the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry
Modeling and Analysis Program. We want to thank A. Gloudemans for
fruitful discussions. Peter Hoor was funded by the German French
DFG/INSU-CNRS project POMODORO. Part of the research described in this
publication was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration. TCCON data were obtained from the TCCON Data
Archive, operated by the California Institute of Technology from the
website at http://tccon.ipac.caltech.edu/(Wunsch et al., 2011).
Additional FTIR data used in this publication were obtained as part of
the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC)
and are publicly available (see http://www.ndacc.org). We thank Jos de
Laat for his very helpful and constructive comments and for his help in
getting access to additional FTIR data.
NR 77
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 5
U2 30
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 12
BP 6083
EP 6114
DI 10.5194/acp-11-6083-2011
PG 32
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 784UJ
UT WOS:000292183400010
ER
PT J
AU Manney, GL
Hegglin, MI
Daffer, WH
Santee, ML
Ray, EA
Pawson, S
Schwartz, MJ
Boone, CD
Froidevaux, L
Livesey, NJ
Read, WG
Walker, KA
AF Manney, G. L.
Hegglin, M. I.
Daffer, W. H.
Santee, M. L.
Ray, E. A.
Pawson, S.
Schwartz, M. J.
Boone, C. D.
Froidevaux, L.
Livesey, N. J.
Read, W. G.
Walker, K. A.
TI Jet characterization in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS):
applications to climatology and transport studies
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTRATROPICAL TROPOPAUSE REGION; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION;
NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; CHANGING
CLIMATE; MASS-EXCHANGE; WESTERLY JET; PART I; OZONE
AB A method of classifying the upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric (UTLS) jets has been developed that allows satellite and aircraft trace gas data and meteorological fields to be efficiently mapped in a jet coordinate view. A detailed characterization of multiple tropopauses accompanies the jet characterization. Jet climatologies show the well-known high altitude subtropical and lower altitude polar jets in the upper troposphere, as well as a pattern of concentric polar and subtropical jets in the Southern Hemisphere, and shifts of the primary jet to high latitudes associated with blocking ridges in Northern Hemisphere winter. The jet-coordinate view segregates air masses differently than the commonly-used equivalent latitude (EqL) coordinate throughout the lowermost stratosphere and in the upper troposphere. Mapping O-3 data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite and the Winter Storms aircraft datasets in jet coordinates thus emphasizes different aspects of the circulation compared to an EqL-coordinate framework: the jet coordinate reorders the data geometrically, thus highlighting the strong PV, tropopause height and trace gas gradients across the subtropical jet, whereas EqL is a dynamical coordinate that may blur these spatial relationships but provides information on irreversible transport. The jet coordinate view identifies the concentration of stratospheric ozone well below the tropopause in the region pole-ward of and below the jet core, as well as other transport features associated with the upper tropospheric jets. Using the jet information in EqL coordinates allows us to study trace gas distributions in regions of weak versus strong jets, and demonstrates weaker transport barriers in regions with less jet influence. MLS and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer trace gas fields for spring 2008 in jet coordinates show very strong, closely correlated, PV, tropopause height and trace gas gradients across the jet, and evidence of intrusions of stratospheric air below the tropopause below and poleward of the subtropical jet; these features are consistent between instruments and among multiple trace gases. Our characterization of the jets is facilitating studies that will improve our understanding of upper tropospheric trace gas evolution.
C1 [Manney, G. L.; Daffer, W. H.; Santee, M. L.; Schwartz, M. J.; Froidevaux, L.; Livesey, N. J.; Read, W. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[Hegglin, M. I.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Ray, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ray, E. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
RP Manney, GL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM gloria.l.manney@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Pawson,
Steven/I-1865-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Hegglin,
Michaela/D-7528-2017
OI Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094;
Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Hegglin,
Michaela/0000-0003-2820-9044
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Canadian Space Agency
(CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada;
Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; CSA through
the C-SPARC network
FX Thanks to the MLS team (especially Ryan Fuller, Brian W. Knosp, Brian J.
Mills, and Robert P. Thurstans) and the ACE Team (especially Sean McLeod
and Ryan Hughes) for their continuing support and assistance. Thanks to
NASA's GMAO for providing their assimilated data products. Thanks to
Kirstin Kruger, Karen Rosenlof, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Dylan Jones, Ken
Minschwaner, Michael Sigmond, Laura Pan, Cameron Homeyer and Ted
Shepherd for many valuable discussions, and to the two anonymous
reviewers for helpful comments. Research at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL/Caltech), was done
under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
The lead author's copyright for this publication is transferred to
JPL/Caltech. Funding for the ACE mission was provided primarily by the
Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada. MIH has been supported by the Canadian
Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the CSA through the
C-SPARC network.
NR 82
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 12
BP 6115
EP 6137
DI 10.5194/acp-11-6115-2011
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 784UJ
UT WOS:000292183400011
ER
PT J
AU Knobelspiesse, K
Cairns, B
Redemann, J
Bergstrom, RW
Stohl, A
AF Knobelspiesse, K.
Cairns, B.
Redemann, J.
Bergstrom, R. W.
Stohl, A.
TI Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and cloud properties during the
MILAGRO field campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; RESEARCH SCANNING POLARIMETER; SURFACE
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MEXICO-CITY; POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS;
LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ORGANIC-CARBON; PHOTOPOLARIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS;
SUBSTANCES HULIS; CLAMS EXPERIMENT
AB Estimation of Direct Climate Forcing (DCF) due to aerosols in cloudy areas has historically been a difficult task, mainly because of a lack of appropriate measurements. Recently, passive remote sensing instruments have been developed that have the potential to retrieve both cloud and aerosol properties using polarimetric, multiple view angle, and multi spectral observations, and therefore determine DCF from aerosols above clouds. One such instrument is the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP), an airborne prototype of a sensor on the NASA Glory satellite, which unfortunately failed to reach orbit during its launch in March of 2011. In the spring of 2006, the RSP was deployed on an aircraft based in Veracruz, Mexico, as part of the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) field campaign. On 13 March, the RSP over flew an aerosol layer lofted above a low altitude marine stratocumulus cloud close to shore in the Gulf of Mexico. We investigate the feasibility of retrieving aerosol properties over clouds using these data. Our approach is to first determine cloud droplet size distribution using the angular location of the cloud bow and other features in the polarized reflectance. The selected cloud was then used in a multiple scattering radiative transfer model optimization to determine the aerosol optical properties and fine tune the cloud size distribution. In this scene, we were able to retrieve aerosol optical depth, the fine mode aerosol size distribution parameters and the cloud droplet size distribution parameters to a degree of accuracy required for climate modeling. This required assumptions about the aerosol vertical distribution and the optical properties of the coarse aerosol size mode. A sensitivity study was also performed to place this study in the context of future systematic scanning polarimeter observations, which found that the aerosol complex refractive index can also be observed accurately if the aerosol optical depth is larger than roughly 0.8 at a wavelength of (0.555 mu m).
C1 [Knobelspiesse, K.; Cairns, B.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Redemann, J.; Bergstrom, R. W.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
[Redemann, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway.
RP Knobelspiesse, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM kirk.d.knobelspiesse@nasa.gov
RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Knobelspiesse, Kirk/S-5902-2016;
OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Knobelspiesse,
Kirk/0000-0001-5986-1751; Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022
FU US National Science Foundation; NASA
FX The first author acknowledges support from the US National Science
Foundation, through a Fellowship in the IGERT Joint Program in Applied
Mathematics and Earth and Environmental Science at Columbia University
at the time of the MILAGRO field campaign. His graduate studies were
also funded by the NASA Glory project. Currently, he is supported by an
appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Goddard
Institute for Space Studies, administered by Oak Ridge Associated
Universities through a contract with NASA. RSP participation during the
MILAGRO field campaign was funded by the NASA Radiation Sciences
Program, managed by Dr. Hal Maring. MODIS imagery was provided by the
NASA GSFC Rapid Response System. Thanks to the many who helped collect
the data used in this study: Edgar Russell was the RSP engineer, Ben
Hovelman was the J-31 pilot, Roy Johnson and Nicholas Truong were
AATS-14 engineers, Rose Dominguez provided J-31 Navigational and GPS
data, and Warren Gore provided J-31 Meteorological data. Finally, thanks
to Andy Ackerman and Mikhail Alexandrov for their advice about cloud
optical properties during the preparation of this manuscript.
NR 66
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 13
BP 6245
EP 6263
DI 10.5194/acp-11-6245-2011
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 792GE
UT WOS:000292728400006
ER
PT J
AU Simpson, IJ
Akagi, SK
Barletta, B
Blake, NJ
Choi, Y
Diskin, GS
Fried, A
Fuelberg, HE
Meinardi, S
Rowland, FS
Vay, SA
Weinheimer, AJ
Wennberg, PO
Wiebring, P
Wisthaler, A
Yang, M
Yokelson, RJ
Blake, DR
AF Simpson, I. J.
Akagi, S. K.
Barletta, B.
Blake, N. J.
Choi, Y.
Diskin, G. S.
Fried, A.
Fuelberg, H. E.
Meinardi, S.
Rowland, F. S.
Vay, S. A.
Weinheimer, A. J.
Wennberg, P. O.
Wiebring, P.
Wisthaler, A.
Yang, M.
Yokelson, R. J.
Blake, D. R.
TI Boreal forest fire emissions in fresh Canadian smoke plumes: C-1-C-10
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2, CO, NO2, NO, HCN and CH3CN
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT NOMHICE; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY;
BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; TRACE GASES; TROPICAL FOREST;
CARBON-MONOXIDE; CHLORINE EMISSIONS; REACTIVE CHLORINE; BOUNDARY-LAYER;
CLIMATE-CHANGE
AB Boreal regions comprise about 17% of the global land area, and they both affect and are influenced by climate change. To better understand boreal forest fire emissions and plume evolution, 947 whole air samples were collected aboard the NASA DC-8 research aircraft in summer 2008 as part of the ARCTAS-B field mission, and analyzed for 79 non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) using gas chromatography. Together with simultaneous measurements of CO2, CO, CH4, CH2O, NO2, NO, HCN and CH3CN, these measurements represent the most comprehensive assessment of trace gas emissions from boreal forest fires to date. Based on 105 air samples collected in fresh Canadian smoke plumes, 57 of the 80 measured NMVOCs (including CH2O) were emitted from the fires, including 45 species that were quantified from boreal forest fires for the first time. After CO2, CO and CH4, the largest emission factors (EFs) for individual species were formaldehyde (2.1 +/- 0.2 g kg(-1)), followed by methanol, NO2, HCN, ethene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, ethane, benzene, propene, acetone and CH3CN. Globally, we estimate that boreal forest fires release 2.4 +/- 0.6 TgC yr(-1) in the form of NMVOCs, with approximately 41% of the carbon released as C-1-C-2 NMVOCs and 21% as pinenes. These are the first reported field measurements of monoterpene emissions from boreal forest fires, and we speculate that the pinenes, which are relatively heavy molecules, were detected in the fire plumes as the result of distillation of stored terpenes as the vegetation is heated. Their inclusion in smoke chemistry models is expected to improve model predictions of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. The fire-averaged EF of dichloromethane or CH2Cl2, (6.9 +/- 8.6) x 10(-4) g kg(-1), was not significantly different from zero and supports recent findings that its global biomass burning source appears to have been overestimated. Similarly, we found no evidence for emissions of chloroform (CHCl3) or methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) from boreal forest fires. The speciated hydrocarbon measurements presented here show the importance of carbon released by short-chain NMVOCs, the strong contribution of pinene emissions from boreal forest fires, and the wide range of compound classes in the most abundantly emitted NMVOCs, all of which can be used to improve biomass burning inventories in local/global models and reduce uncertainties in model estimates of trace gas emissions and their impact on the atmosphere.
C1 [Simpson, I. J.; Barletta, B.; Blake, N. J.; Meinardi, S.; Rowland, F. S.; Yang, M.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Akagi, S. K.; Yokelson, R. J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Choi, Y.; Diskin, G. S.; Vay, S. A.; Yang, M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Fried, A.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Wiebring, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
RP Simpson, IJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
EM isimpson@uci.edu
RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012
OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808;
FU NASA [NNX09AB22G]; Austrian Research Promotion Agency; Tiroler
Zukunftstiftung; California Air Resources Board
FX The ARCTAS mission was funded by the NASA Global Tropospheric Chemistry
Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the California Air
Resources Board. The VOC research presented here was funded by NASA
grant NNX09AB22G. The CH3CN measurements were supported by
the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR) and the Tiroler
Zukunftstiftung, and were carried out with the help of T. Mikoviny, M.
Graus, A. Hansel and T. D. Maerk. The HCN instrument was run by J.
Crounse and A. Kuerten. We gratefully acknowledge the ARCTAS crew and
science team, and the team of laboratory technicians and staff at
UC-Irvine, especially B. Chisholm, R. Day, J. Glabe, G. Liu, B. Love,
and A. Ly. We also thank E. Atlas (University of Miami) for updated
alkyl nitrate calibrations, C. Wiedinmyer (NCAR) for help with the MODIS
data acquisition, R. Hornbrook for helpful discussions, and two
anonymous reviewers.
NR 75
TC 81
Z9 82
U1 4
U2 60
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 13
BP 6445
EP 6463
DI 10.5194/acp-11-6445-2011
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 792GE
UT WOS:000292728400019
ER
PT J
AU Feng, W
Chipperfield, MP
Davies, S
Mann, GW
Carslaw, KS
Dhomse, S
Harvey, L
Randall, C
Santee, ML
AF Feng, W.
Chipperfield, M. P.
Davies, S.
Mann, G. W.
Carslaw, K. S.
Dhomse, S.
Harvey, L.
Randall, C.
Santee, M. L.
TI Modelling the effect of denitrification on polar ozone depletion for
Arctic winter 2004/2005
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; NITRIC-ACID; EOS MLS;
STRATOSPHERE; SATELLITE; VORTEX; SIMULATION; PARTICLES
AB A three-dimensional (3-D) chemical transport model (CTM), SLIMCAT, has been used to quantify the effect of denitrification on ozone loss for the Arctic winter 2004/2005. The simulated HNO3 is found to be highly sensitive to the polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) scheme used in the model. Here the standard SLIMCAT full chemistry model, which uses a thermodynamic equilibrium PSC scheme, over-predicts the ozone loss for Arctic winter 2004/2005 due to the overestimation of denitrification and stronger chlorine activation than observed. A model run with a coupled detailed microphysical denitrification scheme, DLAPSE (Denitrification by Lagrangian Particle Sedimentation), is less denitrified than the standard model run and better reproduces the observed HNO3 as measured by Airborne SUbmillimeter Radiometer (ASUR) and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instruments. Overall, denitrification is responsible for a similar to 30% enhancement in O-3 depletion compared with simulations without denitrification for Arctic winter 2004/2005, which is slightly larger than the inferred impact of denitrification on Arctic ozone loss for previous winters from different CTMs simulations. The overestimated denitrification from standard SLIMCAT simulation causes similar to 5-10% more ozone loss at similar to 17 km compared with the simulation using the DLAPSE PSC scheme for Arctic winter 2004/2005. The calculated partial column ozone loss from SLIMCAT using the DLAPSE scheme is about 130 DU by mid-March 2005, which compares well with the inferred column ozone loss from ozonesondes and satellite data (127 +/- 21 DU).
C1 [Feng, W.; Chipperfield, M. P.; Davies, S.; Mann, G. W.; Carslaw, K. S.; Dhomse, S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, NCAS, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Feng, W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Harvey, L.; Randall, C.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Santee, M. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Feng, W (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, NCAS, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
EM w.feng@leeds.ac.uk
RI FENG, WUHU/B-8327-2008; Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Chipperfield,
Martyn/H-6359-2013; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011
OI FENG, WUHU/0000-0002-9907-9120; Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X;
Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Dhomse,
Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383
FU EU; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) National Centre for
Earth Observation (NCEO)
FX This work was supported by the EU SCOUT-O3 and UK Natural Environment
Research Council (NERC) National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO).
The ECMWF analyses were obtained via the British Atmospheric Data
Centre. ASUR data is available from NASA Polar Aura Validation
Experiment (PAVE). We would like to thank two reviewers and A. Kleinbohl
for their time and valuable suggestions which improved the quality of
this paper. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute
of Technology, was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration.
NR 66
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 13
BP 6559
EP 6573
DI 10.5194/acp-11-6559-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 792GE
UT WOS:000292728400026
ER
PT J
AU Knobelspiesse, K
Cairns, B
Ottaviani, M
Ferrare, R
Hair, J
Hostetler, C
Obland, M
Rogers, R
Redemann, J
Shinozuka, Y
Clarke, A
Freitag, S
Howell, S
Kapustin, V
McNaughton, C
AF Knobelspiesse, K.
Cairns, B.
Ottaviani, M.
Ferrare, R.
Hair, J.
Hostetler, C.
Obland, M.
Rogers, R.
Redemann, J.
Shinozuka, Y.
Clarke, A.
Freitag, S.
Howell, S.
Kapustin, V.
McNaughton, C.
TI Combined retrievals of boreal forest fire aerosol properties with a
polarimeter and lidar
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; RESEARCH SCANNING POLARIMETER; BIOMASS
BURNING PARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES; POLARIZED
REFLECTANCE; CLAMS EXPERIMENT; MILAGRO/INTEX-B; SOUTHERN AFRICA; MINERAL
DUST
AB Absorbing aerosols play an important, but uncertain, role in the global climate. Much of this uncertainty is due to a lack of adequate aerosol measurements. While great strides have been made in observational capability in the previous years and decades, it has become increasingly apparent that this development must continue. Scanning polarimeters have been designed to help resolve this issue by making accurate, multi-spectral, multi-angle polarized observations. This work involves the use of the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP). The RSP was designed as the airborne prototype for the Aerosol Polarimetery Sensor (APS), which was due to be launched as part of the (ultimately failed) NASA Glory mission. Field observations with the RSP, however, have established that simultaneous retrievals of aerosol absorption and vertical distribution over bright land surfaces are quite uncertain. We test a merger of RSP and High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) data with observations of boreal forest fire smoke, collected during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS). During ARCTAS, the RSP and HSRL instruments were mounted on the same aircraft, and validation data were provided by instruments on an aircraft flying a coordinated flight pattern. We found that the lidar data did indeed improve aerosol retrievals using an optimal estimation method, although not primarily because of the contraints imposed on the aerosol vertical distribution. The more useful piece of information from the HSRL was the total column aerosol optical depth, which was used to select the initial value (optimization starting point) of the aerosol number concentration. When ground based sun photometer network climatologies of number concentration were used as an initial value, we found that roughly half of the retrievals had unrealistic sizes and imaginary indices, even though the retrieved spectral optical depths agreed within uncertainties to independent observations. The convergence to an unrealistic local minimum by the optimal estimator is related to the relatively low sensitivity to particles smaller than 0.1 (mu m) at large optical thicknesses. Thus, optimization algorithms used for operational aerosol retrievals of the fine mode size distribution, when the total optical depth is large, will require initial values generated from table look-ups that exclude unrealistic size/complex index mixtures. External constraints from lidar on initial values used in the optimal estimation methods will also be valuable in reducing the likelihood of obtaining spurious retrievals.
C1 [Knobelspiesse, K.; Cairns, B.; Ottaviani, M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Ferrare, R.; Hair, J.; Hostetler, C.; Obland, M.; Rogers, R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Redemann, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
[Redemann, J.; Shinozuka, Y.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Clarke, A.; Freitag, S.; Howell, S.; Kapustin, V.; McNaughton, C.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Knobelspiesse, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM kirk.d.knobelspiesse@nasa.gov
RI Knobelspiesse, Kirk/S-5902-2016;
OI Knobelspiesse, Kirk/0000-0001-5986-1751; Cairns,
Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022
FU US National Science Foundation; NASA [B-200]
FX The first author acknowledges support from the US National Science
Foundation, through a Fellowship in the IGERT Joint Program in Applied
Mathematics and Earth and Environmental Science at Columbia University
at the time of the MILAGRO field campaign. His graduate studies was also
funded by the NASA Glory project. Currently, both he and M. Ottaviani
are supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, administered by Oak Ridge
Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. We would like to
thank the B-200 pilot, Les Kagey, flight engineer, Mike Wusk, aircraft
crew chief Dale Bowser and the rest of the B-200 support team for their
energy and professionalism during ARCTAS. This research was carried out
with funding from the NASA Glory project. NASA B-200, RSP and HSRL
participation in ARCTAS was funded by the NASA Radiation Sciences
Program, managed by Hal Maring. MODIS imagery was provided by the NASA
GSFC Rapid Response System.
NR 80
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 14
BP 7045
EP 7067
DI 10.5194/acp-11-7045-2011
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 797KI
UT WOS:000293125100017
ER
PT J
AU Bais, AF
Tourpali, K
Kazantzidis, A
Akiyoshi, H
Bekki, S
Braesicke, P
Chipperfield, MP
Dameris, M
Eyring, V
Garny, H
Iachetti, D
Jockel, P
Kubin, A
Langematz, U
Mancini, E
Michou, M
Morgenstern, O
Nakamura, T
Newman, PA
Pitari, G
Plummer, DA
Rozanov, E
Shepherd, TG
Shibata, K
Tian, W
Yamashita, Y
AF Bais, A. F.
Tourpali, K.
Kazantzidis, A.
Akiyoshi, H.
Bekki, S.
Braesicke, P.
Chipperfield, M. P.
Dameris, M.
Eyring, V.
Garny, H.
Iachetti, D.
Joeckel, P.
Kubin, A.
Langematz, U.
Mancini, E.
Michou, M.
Morgenstern, O.
Nakamura, T.
Newman, P. A.
Pitari, G.
Plummer, D. A.
Rozanov, E.
Shepherd, T. G.
Shibata, K.
Tian, W.
Yamashita, Y.
TI Projections of UV radiation changes in the 21st century: impact of ozone
recovery and cloud effects
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; LONG-TERM VARIATIONS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE;
MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; TECHNICAL NOTE; EUROPEAN STATIONS; IRRADIANCE;
SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION; ULTRAVIOLET
AB Monthly averaged surface erythemal solar irradiance (UV-Ery) for local noon from 1960 to 2100 has been derived using radiative transfer calculations and projections of ozone, temperature and cloud change from 14 chemistry climate models (CCM), as part of the CCMVal-2 activity of SPARC. Our calculations show the influence of ozone depletion and recovery on erythemal irradiance. In addition, we investigate UV-Ery changes caused by climate change due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. The latter include effects of both stratospheric ozone and cloud changes. The derived estimates provide a global picture of the likely changes in erythemal irradiance during the 21st century. Uncertainties arise from the assumed scenarios, different parameterizations - particularly of cloud effects on UV-Ery - and the spread in the CCM projections. The calculations suggest that relative to 1980, annually mean UV-Ery in the 2090s will be on average similar to 12% lower at high latitudes in both hemispheres, similar to 3% lower at mid latitudes, and marginally higher (similar to 1 %) in the tropics. The largest reduction (similar to 16 %) is projected for Antarctica in October. Cloud effects are responsible for 2-3% of the reduction in UV-Ery at high latitudes, but they slightly moderate it at mid-latitudes (similar to 1 %). The year of return of erythemal irradiance to values of certain milestones (1965 and 1980) depends largely on the return of column ozone to the corresponding levels and is associated with large uncertainties mainly due to the spread of the model projections. The inclusion of cloud effects in the calculations has only a small effect of the return years. At mid and high latitudes, changes in clouds and stratospheric ozone transport by global circulation changes due to greenhouse gases will sustain the erythemal irradiance at levels below those in 1965, despite the removal of ozone depleting substances. At northern high latitudes (60 degrees - 90 degrees), the projected decreases in cloud transmittance towards the end of the 21st century will reduce the yearly average surface erythemal irradiance by similar to 5% with respect to the 1960s.
C1 [Bais, A. F.; Tourpali, K.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.
[Kazantzidis, A.] Univ Patras, Dept Phys, GR-26110 Patras, Greece.
[Akiyoshi, H.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Bekki, S.] Inst Pierre Simone Laplace, Serv Aeron, Paris, France.
[Braesicke, P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Chipperfield, M. P.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Dameris, M.; Eyring, V.; Garny, H.; Joeckel, P.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Atmosphare Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Iachetti, D.; Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
[Kubin, A.; Langematz, U.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-1000 Berlin, Germany.
[Michou, M.] GAME CNRM, Meteo France CNRS, Toulouse, France.
[Morgenstern, O.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand.
[Newman, P. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada.
[Rozanov, E.] Phys Meteorol Observ, Davos World Rad Ctr, Davos, Switzerland.
[Rozanov, E.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Shibata, K.] Met Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
RP Bais, AF (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.
EM abais@auth.gr
RI Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Pitari,
Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Bais,
Alkiviadis/D-2230-2009; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Chipperfield,
Martyn/H-6359-2013; Tourpali, Kleareti/M-5269-2014; bekki,
slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Braesicke,
Peter/D-8330-2016;
OI Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Rozanov,
Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578;
Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292;
Bais, Alkiviadis/0000-0003-3899-2001; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508;
Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; bekki,
slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392;
Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Morgenstern,
Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740
FU EC [505390-GOCE-CT-2004]; Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan
[A-071, A-0903]
FX We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) Activity
for WCRP's (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric
Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and
coordinating the model data analysis activity, and the British
Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal
model output. This work has been partly conducted in the framework of
the EC Integrated Project SCOUT-O3 (contract 505390-GOCE-CT-2004). CMAM
simulations were supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and
Atmospheric Sciences. U. Langematz would like to thank the German
Weather Service who generously provided computer time for the EMAC-FUB
simulations. CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental
Research Fund (GERF) of the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan
(A-071 and A-0903) and the simulations were completed with the
supercomputer at CGER of the National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES). We would like to thank the principal investigators of
WACCM, AMTRAC, NIWA-Socol, and GEOSCCM models that were used in this
study. We are indebted to R. Stolarski for his detailed comments and
suggestions.
NR 74
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 21
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 15
BP 7533
EP 7545
DI 10.5194/acp-11-7533-2011
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 806RA
UT WOS:000293826500008
ER
PT J
AU McNaughton, CS
Clarke, AD
Freitag, S
Kapustin, VN
Kondo, Y
Moteki, N
Sahu, L
Takegawa, N
Schwarz, JP
Spackman, JR
Watts, L
Diskin, G
Podolske, J
Holloway, JS
Wisthaler, A
Mikoviny, T
de Gouw, J
Warneke, C
Jimenez, J
Cubison, M
Howell, SG
Middlebrook, A
Bahreini, R
Anderson, BE
Winstead, E
Thornhill, KL
Lack, D
Cozic, J
Brock, CA
AF McNaughton, C. S.
Clarke, A. D.
Freitag, S.
Kapustin, V. N.
Kondo, Y.
Moteki, N.
Sahu, L.
Takegawa, N.
Schwarz, J. P.
Spackman, J. R.
Watts, L.
Diskin, G.
Podolske, J.
Holloway, J. S.
Wisthaler, A.
Mikoviny, T.
de Gouw, J.
Warneke, C.
Jimenez, J.
Cubison, M.
Howell, S. G.
Middlebrook, A.
Bahreini, R.
Anderson, B. E.
Winstead, E.
Thornhill, K. L.
Lack, D.
Cozic, J.
Brock, C. A.
TI Absorbing aerosol in the troposphere of the Western Arctic during the
2008 ARCTAS/ARCPAC airborne field campaigns
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; CENTRAL
MEXICAN PLATEAU; BLACK CARBON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC AEROSOL;
ACE-ASIA; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS
AB In the spring of 2008 NASA and NOAA funded the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns as contributions to POLARCAT, a core IPY activity. During the campaigns the NASA DC-8, P-3B and NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted over 160 h of in-situ sampling between 0.1 and 12 km throughout the Western Arctic north of 55 degrees N (i.e. Alaska to Greenland). All aircraft were equipped with multiple wavelength measurements of aerosol optics, trace gas and aerosol chemistry measurements, as well as direct measurements of the aerosol size distributions and black carbon mass. Late April of 2008 proved to be exceptional in terms of Asian biomass burning emissions transported to the Western Arctic. Though these smoke plumes account for only 11-14% of the samples within the Western Arctic domain, they account for 42-47% of the total burden of black carbon. Dust was also commonly observed but only contributes to 4-12% and 3-8% of total light absorption at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths above 6 km. Below 6 km, light absorption by carbonaceous aerosol derived from urban/industrial and biomass burning emissions account for 97-99% of total light absorption by aerosol. Stratifying the data to reduce the influence of dust allows us to determine mass absorption efficiencies for black carbon of 11.2 +/- 0.8, 9.5 +/- 0.6 and 7.4 +/- 0.7m(2) g(-1) at 470, 530 and 660 nm wave-lengths. These estimates are consistent with 35-80% enhancements in 530 nm absorption due to clear or slightly absorbing coatings of pure black carbon particulate. Assuming a 1/lambda wavelength dependence for BC absorption, and assuming that refractory aerosol (420 degrees C, tau = 0.1 s) in low-dust samples is dominated by brown carbon, we derive mass absorption efficiencies for brown carbon of 0.83 +/- 0.15 and 0.27 +/- 0.08m(2) g(-1) at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths. Estimates for the mass absorption efficiencies of Asian dust are 0.034m(2) g(-1) and 0.017m(2) g(-1). However the absorption efficiency estimates for dust are highly uncertain due to the limitations imposed by PSAP instrument noise. In-situ ARCTAS/ARCPAC measurements during the IPY provide valuable constraints for absorbing aerosol over the Western Arctic, species which are currently poorly simulated over a region that is critically under-sampled.
C1 [McNaughton, C. S.; Clarke, A. D.; Freitag, S.; Kapustin, V. N.; Howell, S. G.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Kondo, Y.; Moteki, N.; Sahu, L.; Takegawa, N.] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan.
[Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Watts, L.; Holloway, J. S.; de Gouw, J.; Warneke, C.; Middlebrook, A.; Bahreini, R.; Lack, D.; Cozic, J.; Brock, C. A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Diskin, G.; Anderson, B. E.; Winstead, E.; Thornhill, K. L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Podolske, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Warneke, C.; Jimenez, J.; Cubison, M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP McNaughton, CS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM csmcnaug@hawaii.edu
RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010;
Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Jimenez,
Jose/A-5294-2008; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Middlebrook,
Ann/E-4831-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012;
schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; de Gouw,
Joost/A-9675-2008
OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847;
Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Holloway,
John/0000-0002-4585-9594; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Watts,
Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826
FU NASA; NOAA [NASA NNX08AD39G, NSF/UCAR S05-39607]
FX The authors would like to thank the NASA and NOAA support staff as well
as the aircraft flight crews for their assistance in collecting this
important data. We would also like to acknowledge Karl Froyd and the
PALMS team for providing data critical to separating supermicrometer
aerosol into dust and sea salt types. The lead author would like to
thank the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) for
travel support to present these results at the International Polar Year
Science Conference in Oslo Norway in June 2010. This work is funded
under NASA and NOAA Grants: NASA NNX08AD39G and NSF/UCAR S05-39607 (JLJ
and MJC).
NR 103
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 34
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 15
BP 7561
EP 7582
DI 10.5194/acp-11-7561-2011
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 806RA
UT WOS:000293826500010
ER
PT J
AU Huneeus, N
Schulz, M
Balkanski, Y
Griesfeller, J
Prospero, J
Kinne, S
Bauer, S
Boucher, O
Chin, M
Dentener, F
Diehl, T
Easter, R
Fillmore, D
Ghan, S
Ginoux, P
Grini, A
Horowitz, L
Koch, D
Krol, MC
Landing, W
Liu, X
Mahowald, N
Miller, R
Morcrette, JJ
Myhre, G
Penner, J
Perlwitz, J
Stier, P
Takemura, T
Zender, CS
AF Huneeus, N.
Schulz, M.
Balkanski, Y.
Griesfeller, J.
Prospero, J.
Kinne, S.
Bauer, S.
Boucher, O.
Chin, M.
Dentener, F.
Diehl, T.
Easter, R.
Fillmore, D.
Ghan, S.
Ginoux, P.
Grini, A.
Horowitz, L.
Koch, D.
Krol, M. C.
Landing, W.
Liu, X.
Mahowald, N.
Miller, R.
Morcrette, J. -J.
Myhre, G.
Penner, J.
Perlwitz, J.
Stier, P.
Takemura, T.
Zender, C. S.
TI Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC IRON DEPOSITION; LAST GLACIAL
MAXIMUM; MINERAL DUST; AEROSOL DIRECT; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GODDARD-INSTITUTE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SULFUR CYCLE
AB This study presents the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol models within the AeroCom project. Each model is compared to observations related to desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and their impact on the biogeochemical cycle, i.e., aerosol optical depth (AOD) and dust deposition. Additional com parisons to Angstrom exponent (AE), coarse mode AOD and dust surface concentrations are included to extend the assessment of model performance and to identify common biases present in models. These data comprise a benchmark dataset that is proposed for model inspection and future dust model development. There are large differences among the global models that simulate the dust cycle and its impact on climate. In general, models simulate the climatology of vertically integrated parameters (AOD and AE) within a factor of two whereas the total deposition and surface concentration are reproduced within a factor of 10. In addition, smaller mean normalized bias and root mean square errors are obtained for the climatology of AOD and AE than for total deposition and surface concentration. Characteristics of the datasets used and their uncertainties may influence these differences. Large uncertainties still exist with respect to the deposition fluxes in the southern oceans. Further measurements and model studies are necessary to assess the general model performance to reproduce dust deposition in ocean regions sensible to iron contributions. Models overestimate the wet deposition in regions dominated by dry deposition. They generally simulate more realistic surface concentration at stations downwind of the main sources than at remote ones. Most models simulate the gradient in AOD and AE between the different dusty regions. However the seasonality and magnitude of both variables is better simulated at African stations than Middle East ones. The models simulate the offshore transport of West Africa throughout the year but they overestimate the AOD and they transport too fine particles. The models also reproduce the dust transport across the Atlantic in the summer in terms of both AOD and AE but not so well in winter-spring nor the southward displacement of the dust cloud that is responsible of the dust transport into South America. Based on the dependency of AOD on aerosol burden and size distribution we use model bias with respect to AOD and AE to infer the bias of the dust emissions in Africa and the Middle East. According to this analysis we suggest that a range of possible emissions for North Africa is 400 to 2200 Tg yr(-1) and in the Middle East 26 to 526 Tg yr(-1)
C1 [Huneeus, N.; Schulz, M.; Balkanski, Y.; Griesfeller, J.] IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Schulz, M.; Griesfeller, J.] Inst Meteorol, Oslo, Norway.
[Prospero, J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Kinne, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Bauer, S.; Koch, D.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA.
[Bauer, S.; Koch, D.; Miller, R.; Perlwitz, J.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Koch, D.] US DOE, Washington, DC USA.
[Boucher, O.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Chin, M.; Diehl, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Diehl, T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Easter, R.; Ghan, S.; Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Fillmore, D.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
[Ginoux, P.; Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Grini, A.; Myhre, G.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway.
[Grini, A.] Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technol, Kongsberg, Norway.
[Krol, M. C.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Krol, M. C.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Landing, W.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Liu, X.; Penner, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Mahowald, N.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA.
[Miller, R.; Perlwitz, J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA.
[Morcrette, J. -J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Myhre, G.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway.
[Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
[Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
[Zender, C. S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA.
RP Huneeus, N (reprint author), IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
EM nicolas.huneeus@lsce.ipsl.fr
RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski,
Yves/A-6616-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015;
Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID,
Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Huneeus, Nicolas/J-4994-2016; Miller,
Ron/E-1902-2012; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012;
Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Mahowald,
Natalie/D-8388-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Prospero,
Joseph/E-9436-2011; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011;
Zender, Charles/D-4485-2012; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Krol,
Maarten/E-3414-2013
OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955;
Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X;
Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Prospero,
Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160; Huneeus, Nicolas/0000-0002-6214-5518;
Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769;
Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Mahowald,
Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Ghan,
Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Zender, Charles/0000-0003-0129-8024;
Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067;
FU European Commission under EU [218793]; DECC; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; US
Department of Energy, Office of Science; NASA [NNX07AI56G]; Battelle
Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]
FX The authors would like to thank two reviewers for their useful comments
that contributed to improve the manuscript. In addition we thank the
AERONET program for establishing and maintaining the used sites. This
study was co-funded by the European Commission under the EU Seventh
Research Framework Program (grant agreement No 218793, MACC). O. Boucher
was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme,
DECC/Defra (GA01101). S. Ghan and R. Easter were funded by the US
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through
Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program and by the NASA Interdisciplinary
Science Program under grant NNX07AI56G. The Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under
contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.
NR 99
TC 230
Z9 234
U1 6
U2 87
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 15
BP 7781
EP 7816
DI 10.5194/acp-11-7781-2011
PG 36
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 806RA
UT WOS:000293826500024
ER
PT J
AU Yurganov, LN
Rakitin, V
Dzhola, A
August, T
Fokeeva, E
George, M
Gorchakov, G
Grechko, E
Hannon, S
Karpov, A
Ott, L
Semutnikova, E
Shumsky, R
Strow, L
AF Yurganov, L. N.
Rakitin, V.
Dzhola, A.
August, T.
Fokeeva, E.
George, M.
Gorchakov, G.
Grechko, E.
Hannon, S.
Karpov, A.
Ott, L.
Semutnikova, E.
Shumsky, R.
Strow, L.
TI Satellite- and ground-based CO total column observations over 2010
Russian fires: accuracy of top-down estimates based on thermal IR
satellite data
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MOPITT VALIDATION;
ACE-FTS; SCIAMACHY; AIRS; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; SURFACE; SPACE
AB CO total column data are presented from three space sounders and two ground-based spectrometers in Moscow and its suburbs during the forest and peat fires that occurred in Central Russia in July-August 2010. Also presented are ground-based in situ CO measurements. The Moscow area was strongly impacted by the CO plume from these fires. Concurrent satellite- and ground-based observations were used to quantify the errors of CO top-down emission estimates. On certain days, CO total columns retrieved from the data of the space-based sounders were 2-3 times less than those obtained from the ground-based sun-tracking spectrometers. The depth of the polluted layer over Moscow was estimated using total column measurements compared with CO volume mixing ratios in the surface layer and on the TV tower and found to be around 360 m. The missing CO that is the average difference between the CO total column accurately determined by the ground spectrometers and that retrieved by AIRS, MOPITT, and IASI was determined for the Moscow area between 1.6 and 3.3 x 10(18) molec cm(-2). These values were extrapolated onto the entire plume; subsequently, the CO burden (total mass) over Russia during the fire event was corrected. A top-down estimate of the total emitted CO, obtained by a simple mass balance model increased by 40-100% for different sensors due to this correction. Final assessments of total CO emitted by Russian wildfires obtained from different sounders are between 34 and 40 Tg CO during July-August 2010.
C1 [Yurganov, L. N.; Hannon, S.; Strow, L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Rakitin, V.; Dzhola, A.; Fokeeva, E.; Gorchakov, G.; Grechko, E.; Karpov, A.; Shumsky, R.] Obukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow, Russia.
[August, T.] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany.
[George, M.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, UPMC, CNRS,INSU,LATMOS,IPSL, Paris, France.
[Ott, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Semutnikova, E.] Mosecomonitoring, Moscow, Russia.
RP Yurganov, LN (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM yurganov@umbc.edu
RI Ott, Lesley/E-2250-2012; Rakitin, Vadim/K-1400-2015
FU AIRS Project Office at JPL; RFBR [08-05-00659]; ISTC [3032]; CNES
FX The authors are grateful to Nikolay Elansky (IAP) for the help in using
supplemental in situ measurement results. We thank Sergio
DeSouza-Machado (UMBC) for the help in a modification of kCARTA model.
Merritt Deeter (NCAR, Boulder, USA) clarified issues connected with new
versions of MOPITT data. We are grateful to Meinrat Andreae (MPI for
Chemistry, Mainz, Germany) and to Bob Yokelson (University of Montana,
USA) for a helpful discussion. We thank Daniel Hurtmans (ULB, Belgium)
for his help with the IASI FORLI-CO data. This research was supported
through a subcontract with the AIRS Project Office at JPL:
"Optimization, Validation, and Integrated EOS Analysis". Measurements in
Russia have been possible due to funding from RFBR (grant # 08-05-00659)
and ISTC (grant # 3032). Maya George is grateful to CNES for financial
support. We thank the NASA, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry Products
and Services (France), and the EUMETSAT for access to the archived data.
NR 67
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 15
BP 7925
EP 7942
DI 10.5194/acp-11-7925-2011
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 806RA
UT WOS:000293826500031
ER
PT J
AU Lapina, K
Heald, CL
Spracklen, DV
Arnold, SR
Allan, JD
Coe, H
McFiggans, G
Zorn, SR
Drewnick, F
Bates, TS
Hawkins, LN
Russell, LM
Smirnov, A
O'Dowd, CD
Hind, AJ
AF Lapina, K.
Heald, C. L.
Spracklen, D. V.
Arnold, S. R.
Allan, J. D.
Coe, H.
McFiggans, G.
Zorn, S. R.
Drewnick, F.
Bates, T. S.
Hawkins, L. N.
Russell, L. M.
Smirnov, A.
O'Dowd, C. D.
Hind, A. J.
TI Investigating organic aerosol loading in the remote marine environment
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MASS-SPECTROMETER; UNITED-STATES; SEA-SALT; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES;
MINERAL DUST; PART 1; EMISSIONS; OCEAN; ISOPRENE; ATLANTIC
AB Aerosol loading in the marine environment is investigated using aerosol composition measurements from several research ship campaigns (ICEALOT, MAP, RHaMBLe, VOCALS and OOMPH), observations of total AOD column from satellite (MODIS) and ship-based instruments (Maritime Aerosol Network, MAN), and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). This work represents the most comprehensive evaluation of oceanic OM emission inventories to date, by employing aerosol composition measurements obtained from campaigns with wide spatial and temporal coverage. The model underestimates AOD over the remote ocean on average by 0.02 (21 %), compared to satellite observations, but provides an unbiased simulation of ground-based Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) observations. Comparison with cruise data demonstrates that the GEOS-Chem simulation of marine sulfate, with the mean observed values ranging between 0.22 mu gm(-3) and 1.34 mu gm(-3), is generally unbiased, however surface organic matter (OM) concentrations, with the mean observed concentrations between 0.07 mu gm(-3) and 0.77 mu gm(-3), are underestimated by a factor of 2-5 for the standard model run. Addition of a sub-micron marine OM source of approximately 9 TgC yr(-1) brings the model into agreement with the ship-based measurements, however this additional OM source does not explain the model underestimate of marine AOD. The model underestimate of marine AOD is therefore likely the result of a combination of satellite retrieval bias and a missing marine aerosol source (which exhibits a different spatial pattern than existing aerosol in the model).
C1 [Lapina, K.; Heald, C. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Spracklen, D. V.; Arnold, S. R.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Allan, J. D.; Coe, H.; McFiggans, G.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England.
[Zorn, S. R.; Drewnick, F.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Hawkins, L. N.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Smirnov, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[O'Dowd, C. D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland.
[O'Dowd, C. D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Galway, Ireland.
[Hind, A. J.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME USA.
RP Lapina, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM klapina@atmos.colostate.edu
RI McFiggans, Gordon/B-8689-2011; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Allan,
James/B-1160-2010; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Spracklen,
Dominick/B-4890-2014; Arnold, Steve/B-8856-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014;
O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016;
OI McFiggans, Gordon/0000-0002-3423-7896; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876;
O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685;
Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713
FU NASA [NNX08AN75G]; National Environment Research Council (NERC) through
the Aerosol Characterisation and Modelling in the Marine Environment
(ACMME) [NE/E011454/1]; Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer
(RHaMBLe) [NE/D006570/1]; NSF [ATM-0744636, 0741818]; European Union
(EU); Institut Polaire Franais Paul mile Victor (IPEV)
FX This work was supported by NASA, grant NNX08AN75G. We thank the MODIS
and the SeaWIFS teams for the aerosol and chlorophyll-a products and
Jeffrey Reid (NRL) and Jianglong Zhang (University of North Dakota) for
providing their quality controlled level-3 MODIS aerosol product.
RHaMBLe measurements were supported by the National Environment Research
Council (NERC) through the Aerosol Characterisation and Modelling in the
Marine Environment (ACMME, NE/E011454/1) and Reactive Halogens in the
Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe, NE/D006570/1) projects, both part of the
Surface-Ocean/Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS) directed programme.
VOCALS measurements were supported by NSF grant ATM-0744636. OOMPH
measurements were supported by the European Union (EU) through the OOMPH
project of the EU Sixth Framework Programme and by the Institut Polaire
Franais Paul mile Victor (IPEV) through the IPEV-AEROTRACE program. We
acknowledge the MAN PIs: Patricia Quinn (USA), Norman Nelson (USA),
Joaquim Goes (USA), Andrey Proshutinsky (USA), Andreas Macke (Germany),
Sergey Sakerin (Russia), Tim Smyth (UK), Jean Sciare (France), Tymon
Zielinski (Poland), Giuseppe Zibordi (Italy), Mike Harvey (New Zealand)
and Stuart Piketh (South Africa). We also acknowledge NSF OCE grant
0741818 awarded to P. A. Matrai as part of the VOCALS REx program.
NR 71
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 4
U2 25
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 17
BP 8847
EP 8860
DI 10.5194/acp-11-8847-2011
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 819EW
UT WOS:000294809200002
ER
PT J
AU Funke, B
Baumgaertner, A
Calisto, M
Egorova, T
Jackman, CH
Kieser, J
Krivolutsky, A
Lopez-Puertas, M
Marsh, DR
Reddmann, T
Rozanov, E
Salmi, SM
Sinnhuber, M
Stiller, GP
Verronen, PT
Versick, S
von Clarmann, T
Vyushkova, TY
Wieters, N
Wissing, JM
AF Funke, B.
Baumgaertner, A.
Calisto, M.
Egorova, T.
Jackman, C. H.
Kieser, J.
Krivolutsky, A.
Lopez-Puertas, M.
Marsh, D. R.
Reddmann, T.
Rozanov, E.
Salmi, S. -M.
Sinnhuber, M.
Stiller, G. P.
Verronen, P. T.
Versick, S.
von Clarmann, T.
Vyushkova, T. Y.
Wieters, N.
Wissing, J. M.
TI Composition changes after the "Halloween" solar proton event: the High
Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) model versus
MIPAS data intercomparison study
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 2003; MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE;
MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; SOUNDING MIPAS; EMISSION-SPECTRA; CHLORINE
CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT MODEL; TECHNICAL NOTE; ODD HYDROGEN
AB We have compared composition changes of NO, NO2, H2O2, O-3, N2O, HNO3, N2O5, HNO4, ClO, HOCl, and ClONO2 as observed by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat in the aftermath of the "Halloween" solar proton event (SPE) in late October 2003 at 25-0.01 hPa in the Northern Hemisphere (40-90 degrees N) and simulations performed by the following atmospheric models: the Bremen 2-D model (B2dM) and Bremen 3-D Chemical Transport Model (B3dCTM), the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO) model, Fin-ROSE, the Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), the Karlsruhe Simulation Model of the Middle Atmosphere (KASIMA), the ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model, the modeling tool for SOlar Climate Ozone Links studies (SOCOL and SOCOLi), and the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM4). The large number of participating models allowed for an evaluation of the overall ability of atmospheric models to reproduce observed atmospheric perturbations generated by SPEs, particularly with respect to NOy and ozone changes. We have further assessed the meteorological conditions and their implications for the chemical response to the SPE in both the models and observations by comparing temperature and tracer (CH4 and CO) fields.
Simulated SPE-induced ozone losses agree on average within 5% with the observations. Simulated NOy enhancements around 1 hPa, however, are typically 30% higher than indicated by the observations which are likely to be related to deficiencies in the used ionization rates, though other error sources related to the models' atmospheric background state and/or transport schemes cannot be excluded. The analysis of the observed and modeled NOy partitioning in the aftermath of the SPE has demonstrated the need to implement additional ion chemistry (HNO3 formation via ion-ion recombination and water cluster ions) into the chemical schemes. An overestimation of observed H2O2 enhancements by all models hints at an underestimation of the OH/HO2 ratio in the upper polar stratosphere during the SPE. The analysis of chlorine species perturbations has shown that the encountered differences between models and observations, particularly the underestimation of observed ClONO2 enhancements, are related to a smaller availability of ClO in the polar night region already before the SPE. In general, the intercomparison has demonstrated that differences in the meteorology and/or initial state of the atmosphere in the simulations cause a relevant variability of the model results, even on a short timescale of only a few days.
C1 [Funke, B.; Lopez-Puertas, M.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain.
[Baumgaertner, A.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Calisto, M.; Rozanov, E.] Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Egorova, T.; Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, Davos, Switzerland.
[Jackman, C. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kieser, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Krivolutsky, A.; Vyushkova, T. Y.] Cent Aerol Observ CAO, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia.
[Marsh, D. R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Reddmann, T.; Sinnhuber, M.; Stiller, G. P.; Versick, S.; von Clarmann, T.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Sinnhuber, M.; Wieters, N.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Salmi, S. -M.; Verronen, P. T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Earth Observat Unit, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Salmi, S. -M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland.
[Wissing, J. M.] Univ Osnabruck, FB Phys, Osnabruck, Germany.
[Versick, S.] Steinbuch Ctr Comp, Karlsruhe, Germany.
RP Funke, B (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain.
EM bernd@iaa.es
RI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013; Paivarinta, Sanna-Mari/D-1084-2014;
Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Sinnhuber,
Miriam/A-7252-2013; Verronen, Pekka/G-6658-2014; Funke,
Bernd/C-2162-2008; Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008; Stiller,
Gabriele/A-7340-2013; von Clarmann, Thomas/A-7287-2013; Reddmann,
Thomas/A-7681-2013; Baumgaertner, Andreas/C-4830-2011
OI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734; Paivarinta,
Sanna-Mari/0000-0001-9390-7282; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488;
Verronen, Pekka/0000-0002-3479-9071; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702;
Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X; Stiller,
Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; von Clarmann, Thomas/0000-0003-2219-3379;
Reddmann, Thomas/0000-0003-1733-7016; Baumgaertner,
Andreas/0000-0002-4740-0701
FU CSIC [200950I081]; German science foundation (DFG); Russian Science
Foundation for Basic Research [09-05-009949]; Russian Sub-Program
"Research and Investigation of Antarctica" [1-6-08]; European Community
[218816]; Swiss National Science Foundation [CRSI122-130642(FUPSOL)];
NASA; National Science Foundation; German Climate Computing Center
(DKRZ); [AYA200803498/ESP]
FX The IAA team was supported by the Spanish project AYA200803498/ESP and
by the project 200950I081 of CSIC. The IMK, AIMOS, University of Bremen,
and HAMMONIA groups were supported by the Priority Program CAWSES of the
German science foundation (DFG). The input of CAO was supported by
Russian Science Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 09-05-009949)
and by contract No. 1-6-08 under Russian Sub-Program "Research and
Investigation of Antarctica". The SOCOLi team received funding from the
European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under
grant agreement No. 218816. The development and applications of CCM
SOCOL supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant
CRSI122-130642(FUPSOL). The WACCM team was supported by the NASA Living
With a Star Targeted Research and Technology Program. The National
Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science
Foundation. We acknowledge the support of the German Climate Computing
Center (DKRZ) where the HAMMONIA computations were performed. The
authors gratefully acknowledge ESA for providing MIPAS spectra. The
authors would also like to thank C. Randall and three anonymous
reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions.
NR 97
TC 58
Z9 59
U1 2
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 17
BP 9089
EP 9139
DI 10.5194/acp-11-9089-2011
PG 51
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 819EW
UT WOS:000294809200016
ER
PT J
AU Ziemke, JR
Chandra, S
Labow, GJ
Bhartia, PK
Froidevaux, L
Witte, JC
AF Ziemke, J. R.
Chandra, S.
Labow, G. J.
Bhartia, P. K.
Froidevaux, L.
Witte, J. C.
TI A global climatology of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone derived
from Aura OMI and MLS measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; TES
AB A global climatology of tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone is derived by combining six years of Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone measurements for the period October 2004 through December 2010. The OMI/MLS tropospheric ozone climatology exhibits large temporal and spatial variability which includes ozone accumulation zones in the tropical south Atlantic year-round and in the subtropical Mediterranean/Asia region in summer months. High levels of tropospheric ozone in the Northern Hemisphere also persist in mid-latitudes over the eastern part of the North American continent extending across the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern part of the Asian continent extending across the Pacific Ocean. For stratospheric ozone climatology from MLS, largest column abundance is in the Northern Hemisphere in the latitude range 70 degrees N-80 degrees N in February-April and in the Southern Hemisphere around 40 degrees S-50 degrees S during August-October. Largest stratospheric ozone lies in the Northern Hemisphere and extends from the eastern Asian continent eastward across the Pacific Ocean and North America. With the advent of many newly developing 3-D chemistry and transport models it is advantageous to have such a dataset for evaluating the performance of the models in relation to dynamical and photochemical processes controlling the ozone distributions in the troposphere and stratosphere. The OMI/MLS gridded ozone climatology data are made available to the science community via the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ozone and air quality website http://ozoneaq.gsfc.nasa.gov/.
C1 [Ziemke, J. R.] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA.
[Ziemke, J. R.; Chandra, S.; Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Chandra, S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Labow, G. J.; Witte, J. C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Froidevaux, L.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Ziemke, JR (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA.
EM jerald.r.ziemke@nasa.gov
RI Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016
OI Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137
FU NASA [NNH07ZDA001N-AST]
FX We want to thank the Aura MLS and OMI instrument and algorithm teams for
the extensive satellite measurements used in this study. We also thank
the SHADOZ and WOUDC ozonesonde and NCEP analyses teams for their data
and analyses products used in this study. Work at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was performed under
contract with NASA. OMI is a Dutch-Finnish contribution to the Aura
mission. Funding for this research was provided in part by NASA
NNH07ZDA001N-AST.
NR 28
TC 47
Z9 50
U1 4
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 17
BP 9237
EP 9251
DI 10.5194/acp-11-9237-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 819EW
UT WOS:000294809200021
ER
PT J
AU Witte, JC
Douglass, AR
da Silva, A
Torres, O
Levy, R
Duncan, BN
AF Witte, J. C.
Douglass, A. R.
da Silva, A.
Torres, O.
Levy, R.
Duncan, B. N.
TI NASA A-Train and Terra observations of the 2010 Russian wildfires
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL
EVALUATION; NORTH-AMERICA; BURNED AREA; MODIS; PRODUCTS; AEROSOL; IMPACT
AB Wildfires raged throughout western Russia and parts of Eastern Europe during a persistent heat wave in the summer of 2010. Anomalously high surface temperatures (35-41 degrees C) and low relative humidity (9-25 %) from mid-June to mid-August 2010 shown by analysis of radiosonde data from multiple sites in western Russia were ideal conditions for the wildfires to thrive. Measurements of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) over western Russian indicate persistent subsidence during the heat wave. Daily three-day back-trajectories initiated over Moscow reveal a persistent anticyclonic circulation for 18 days in August, coincident with the most intense period of fire activity observed by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). This unfortunate meteorological coincidence allowed transport of polluted air from the region of intense fires to Moscow and the surrounding area. We demonstrate that the 2010 Russian wildfires are unique in the record of observations obtained by remote-sensing instruments on-board NASA satellites: Aura and Aqua (part of the A-Train Constellation) and Terra. Analysis of the distribution of MODIS fire products and aerosol optical thickness (AOT), UV aerosol index (AI) and single-scattering albedo (SSA) from Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and total column carbon monoxide (CO) from Aqua's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) show that the region in the center of western Russia surrounding Moscow (52 degrees-58 degrees N, 33 degrees-43 degrees E) is most severely impacted by wildfire emissions. Over this area, AIRS CO, OMI AI, and MODIS AOT are significantly enhanced relative to the historical satellite record during the first 18 days in August when the anti-cyclonic circulation persisted. By mid-August, the anti-cyclonic circulation was replaced with westerly transport over Moscow and vicinity. The heat wave ended as anomalies of surface temperature and relative humidity, and OLR disappeared. After 18 August the fire activity greatly diminished over western Russia and levels of the satellite smoke tracers returned to values typical of previous years.
C1 [Witte, J. C.; Levy, R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Witte, J. C.; Douglass, A. R.; da Silva, A.; Torres, O.; Levy, R.; Duncan, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Witte, JC (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
EM jacquelyn.witte@nasa.gov
RI Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; Duncan,
Bryan/A-5962-2011; da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012; Douglass,
Anne/D-4655-2012
OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303; da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030;
FU NASA [NNG06HX18C]
FX This work is supported under NASA contract number NNG06HX18C.
NR 49
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 1
U2 22
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 17
BP 9287
EP 9301
DI 10.5194/acp-11-9287-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 819EW
UT WOS:000294809200024
ER
PT J
AU Pozzoli, L
Janssens-Maenhout, G
Diehl, T
Bey, I
Schultz, MG
Feichter, J
Vignati, E
Dentener, F
AF Pozzoli, L.
Janssens-Maenhout, G.
Diehl, T.
Bey, I.
Schultz, M. G.
Feichter, J.
Vignati, E.
Dentener, F.
TI Re-analysis of tropospheric sulfate aerosol and ozone for the period
1980-2005 using the aerosol-chemistry-climate model ECHAM5-HAMMOZ
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DRY DEPOSITION PARAMETERIZATION;
ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;
ATMOSPHERIC HYDROXYL; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
NITROGEN-OXIDES; AIR-POLLUTION
AB Understanding historical trends of trace gas and aerosol distributions in the troposphere is essential to evaluate the efficiency of existing strategies to reduce air pollution and to design more efficient future air quality and climate policies. We performed coupled photochemistry and aerosol microphysics simulations for the period 1980-2005 using the aerosol-chemistry-climate model ECHAM5-HAMMOZ, to assess our understanding of long-term changes and interannual variability of the chemical composition of the troposphere, and in particular of ozone and sulfate concentrations, for which long-term surface observations are available. In order to separate the impact of the anthropogenic emissions and natural variability on atmospheric chemistry, we compare two model experiments, driven by the same ECMWF re-analysis data, but with varying and constant anthropogenic emissions, respectively. Our model analysis indicates an increase of ca. 1 ppbv (0.055 +/- 0.002 ppbv yr(-1)) in global average surface O-3 concentrations due to anthropogenic emissions, but this trend is largely masked by the larger O-3 anomalies due to the variability of meteorology and natural emissions. The changes in meteorology (not including stratospheric variations) and natural emissions account for the 75% of the total variability of global average surface O-3 concentrations. Regionally, annual mean surface O-3 concentrations increased by 1.3 and 1.6 ppbv over Europe and North America, respectively, despite the large anthropogenic emission reductions between 1980 and 2005. A comparison of winter and summer O-3 trends with measurements shows a qualitative agreement, except in North America, where our model erroneously computed a positive trend. Simulated O-3 increases of more than 4 ppbv in East Asia and 5 ppbv in South Asia can not be corroborated with long-term observations. Global average sulfate surface concentrations are largely controlled by anthropogenic emissions. Globally natural emissions are an important driver determining AOD variations. Regionally, AOD decreased by 28% over Europe, while it increased by 19% and 26% in East and South Asia. The global radiative perturbation calculated in our model for the period 1980-2005 was rather small (0.05 W m(-2) for O-3 and 0.02 W m(-2) for total aerosol direct effect), but larger perturbations ranging from -0.54 to 1.26 W m(-2) are estimated in those regions where anthropogenic emissions largely varied.
C1 [Pozzoli, L.; Janssens-Maenhout, G.; Vignati, E.; Dentener, F.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
[Diehl, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Diehl, T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Bey, I.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Ctr Climate Syst Modeling, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Bey, I.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Feichter, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
RP Dentener, F (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasia Inst Earth Sci, Istanbul, Turkey.
EM frank.dentener@jrc.ec.europa.eu
RI Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008;
OI Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Pozzoli, Luca/0000-0003-0485-9624
FU European Community [265148]
FX This work has received partial funding from the European Community's
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) in the project PEGASOS (grant
agreement 265148). We greatly acknowledge Sebastian Rast at Max Planck
Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, for the scientific and technical
support. We would like also to thank the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum
(DKRZ) and the Forschungszentrum Julich for the computing resources and
technical support. We would like to thank the EMEP, WDCGG, and CASTNET
networks for providing ozone and sulfate measurements over Europe and
North America.
NR 94
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 23
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 18
BP 9563
EP 9594
DI 10.5194/acp-11-9563-2011
PG 32
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 826QL
UT WOS:000295368700009
ER
PT J
AU Hurwitz, MM
Song, IS
Oman, LD
Newman, PA
Molod, AM
Frith, SM
Nielsen, JE
AF Hurwitz, M. M.
Song, I. -S.
Oman, L. D.
Newman, P. A.
Molod, A. M.
Frith, S. M.
Nielsen, J. E.
TI Response of the Antarctic stratosphere to warm pool El Nino Events in
the GEOS CCM
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG;
SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; CONVECTION;
WINTER; TROPOSPHERE; ENSEMBLE
AB The Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model, Version 2 (GEOS V2 CCM) is used to investigate the response of the Antarctic stratosphere to (1) warm pool El Nino (WPEN) events and (2) the sensitivity of this response to the phase of the QBO. A new formulation of the GEOS V2 CCM includes an improved general circulation model and an internally generated quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Two 50-yr time-slice simulations are forced by repeating annual cycles of sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations composited from observed WPEN and neutral ENSO (ENSON) events. In these simulations, greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance concentrations represent the present-day climate. The modelled responses to WPEN, and to the phase of the QBO during WPEN, are compared with NASA's Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis.
WPEN events enhance poleward tropospheric planetary wave activity in the central South Pacific region during austral spring, leading to relative warming of the Antarctic lower stratosphere in November/December. During the easterly phase of the QBO (QBO-E), the GEOS V2 CCM reproduces the observed 4-5K warming of the polar region at 50 hPa, in the WPEN simulation relative to ENSON.
In the recent past, the response to WPEN events was sensitive to the phase of the QBO: the enhancement in planetary wave driving and the lower stratospheric warming signal were mainly associated with WPEN events coincident with QBO-E. In the GEOS V2 CCM, however, the Antarctic response to WPEN events is insensitive to the phase of the QBO: the modelled response is always easterly QBO-like. The QBO signal does not extend far enough into the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere to modulate convection and thus planetary wave activity in the south central Pacific.
C1 [Hurwitz, M. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Postdoctoral Program, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Song, I. -S.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr GEST, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Molod, A. M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Frith, S. M.; Nielsen, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Hurwitz, MM (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA.
EM margaret.m.hurwitz@nasa.gov
RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Oman, Luke/C-2778-2009
OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Oman, Luke/0000-0002-5487-2598
FU NASA; NASA at Goddard Space Flight Center
FX he authors thank Chaim Garfinkel for the Rossby wave source
calculations, NASA's MAP program for funding, and two anonymous
reviewers for their helpful comments. MMH acknowledges support from the
NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered
by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA.
NR 48
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 18
BP 9659
EP 9669
DI 10.5194/acp-11-9659-2011
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 826QL
UT WOS:000295368700015
ER
PT J
AU Abad, GG
Allen, NDC
Bernath, PF
Boone, CD
McLeod, SD
Manney, GL
Toon, GC
Carouge, C
Wang, Y
Wu, S
Barkley, MP
Palmer, PI
Xiao, Y
Fu, TM
AF Abad, G. Gonzalez
Allen, N. D. C.
Bernath, P. F.
Boone, C. D.
McLeod, S. D.
Manney, G. L.
Toon, G. C.
Carouge, C.
Wang, Y.
Wu, S.
Barkley, M. P.
Palmer, P. I.
Xiao, Y.
Fu, T. M.
TI Ethane, ethyne and carbon monoxide concentrations in the upper
troposphere and lower stratosphere from ACE and GEOS-Chem: a comparison
study
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT ACE; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; FTS SATELLITE
INSTRUMENT; SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; REACTIVE NITROGEN; CO; TRACE;
HCN; RETRIEVALS; SCIAMACHY
AB Near global upper tropospheric concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), ethane (C2H6) and ethyne (C2H2) from ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) Fourier transform spectrometer on board the Canadian satellite SCISAT-1 are presented and compared with the output from the Chemical Transport Model (CTM) GEOS-Chem. The retrievals of ethane and ethyne from ACE have been improved for this paper by using new sets of microwindows compared with those for previous versions of ACE data. With the improved ethyne retrieval we have been able to produce a near global upper tropospheric distribution of C2H2 from space. Carbon monoxide, ethane and ethyne concentrations retrieved using ACE spectra show the expected seasonality linked to variations in the anthropogenic emissions and destruction rates as well as seasonal biomass burning activity. The GEOS-Chem model was run using the dicarbonyl chemistry suite, an extended chemical mechanism in which ethyne is treated explicitly. Seasonal cycles observed from satellite data are well reproduced by the model output, however the simulated CO concentrations are found to be systematically biased low over the Northern Hemisphere. An average negative global mean bias of 12% and 7% of the model relative to the satellite observations has been found for CO and C2H6 respectively and a positive global mean bias of 1% has been found for C2H2. ACE data are compared for validation purposes with MkIV spectrometer data and Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE) TRACE-A campaign data showing good agreement with all of them.
C1 [Abad, G. Gonzalez; Allen, N. D. C.; Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Boone, C. D.; McLeod, S. D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Manney, G. L.; Toon, G. C.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[Carouge, C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Carouge, C.] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Wang, Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
[Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Barkley, M. P.] Univ Leicester, EOS Grp, Coll Sci & Engn, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
[Barkley, M. P.; Palmer, P. I.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Xiao, Y.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA.
[Fu, T. M.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Abad, GG (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
EM gga500@york.ac.uk
RI Carouge, Claire/A-4755-2012; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Chem,
GEOS/C-5595-2014; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010;
Fu, Tzung-May/N-3418-2015
OI Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480; Carouge,
Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Wang,
Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974;
FU Canadian Space Agency; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC);
National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); Wild Fund; National
Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The ACE mission is funded primarily by the Canadian Space Agency.
Funding was also provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council
(NERC), in part through the National Centre for Earth Observation
(NCEO). Gonzalo Gonzalez Abad thanks the Wild Fund for support. Work at
the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was
done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
NR 52
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 18
BP 9927
EP 9941
DI 10.5194/acp-11-9927-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 826QL
UT WOS:000295368700033
ER
PT J
AU Zheng, X
Albrecht, B
Jonsson, HH
Khelif, D
Feingold, G
Minnis, P
Ayers, K
Chuang, P
Donaher, S
Rossiter, D
Ghate, V
Ruiz-Plancarte, J
Sun-Mack, S
AF Zheng, X.
Albrecht, B.
Jonsson, H. H.
Khelif, D.
Feingold, G.
Minnis, P.
Ayers, K.
Chuang, P.
Donaher, S.
Rossiter, D.
Ghate, V.
Ruiz-Plancarte, J.
Sun-Mack, S.
TI Observations of the boundary layer, cloud, and aerosol variability in
the southeast Pacific near-coastal marine stratocumulus during
VOCALS-REx
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIURNAL CYCLE; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; EAST PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION;
ENTRAINMENT; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; OCEAN; JET
AB Aircraft observations made off the coast of northern Chile in the Southeastern Pacific (20 degrees S, 72 degrees W; named Point Alpha) from 16 October to 13 November 2008 during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study-Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx), combined with meteorological reanalysis, satellite measurements, and radiosonde data, are used to investigate the boundary layer (BL) and aerosol-cloud-drizzle variations in this region. On days without predominately synoptic and meso-scale influences, the BL at Point Alpha was typical of a non-drizzling stratocumulus-topped BL. Entrainment rates calculated from the near cloud-top fluxes and turbulence in the BL at Point Alpha appeared to be weaker than those in the BL over the open ocean west of Point Alpha and the BL near the coast of the northeast Pacific. The cloud liquid water path (LWP) varied between 15 gm(-2) and 160 gm(-2). The BL had a depth of 1140 +/- 120 m, was generally well-mixed and capped by a sharp inversion without predominately synoptic and mesoscale influences. The wind direction generally switched from southerly within the BL to northerly above the inversion. On days when a synoptic system and related mesoscale costal circulations affected conditions at Point Alpha (29 October-4 November), a moist layer above the inversion moved over Point Alpha, and the total-water mixing ratio above the inversion was larger than that within the BL.
The accumulation mode aerosol varied from 250 to 700 cm(-3) within the BL, and CCN at 0.2% supersaturation within the BL ranged between 150 and 550 cm(-3). The main aerosol source at Point Alpha was horizontal advection within the BL from south. The average cloud droplet number concentration ranged between 80 and 400 cm(-3). While the mean LWP retrieved from GOES was in good agreement with the in situ measurements, the GOES-derived cloud droplet effective radius tended to be larger than that from the aircraft in situ observations near cloud top. The aerosol and cloud LWP relationship reveals that during the typical well-mixed BL days the cloud LWP increased with the CCN concentrations. On the other hand, meteorological factors and the decoupling processes have large influences on the cloud LWP variation as well.
C1 [Zheng, X.; Albrecht, B.; Donaher, S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Jonsson, H. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA.
[Khelif, D.; Ruiz-Plancarte, J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
[Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
[Minnis, P.; Ayers, K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Chuang, P.; Rossiter, D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Ghate, V.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
[Sun-Mack, S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Zheng, X (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM xzheng@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Zheng, Xue/F-9988-2016; Minnis,
Patrick/G-1902-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Zheng, Xue/0000-0002-9372-1776; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148;
FU ONR [N000140810465, N000140810438]; NOAA/CPPA [NA08OAR4320889]; NASA;
Department of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64546]; NOAA
FX The observations used in this study were made possible through the
dedicated efforts of several individuals. Pilots Mike Hubble and Chris
McGuire were instrumental in the development and execution of the flight
plans and endured the long ferry of the Twin Otter aircraft to Iquique
Chile and back. This work was supported by ONR grant N000140810465 and
the NOAA/CPPA Program under grant NA08OAR4320889. Djamal Khelif was
supported by ONR grant N000140810438. P. Minnis, K. Ayers, and S.
Sun-Mack were supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction
Program, the NASA Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Project,
and the Department of Energy ARM Program through DE-AI02-07ER64546.
Graham Feingold was supported by NOAA's Climate Goal.
NR 41
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 18
BP 9943
EP 9959
DI 10.5194/acp-11-9943-2011
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 826QL
UT WOS:000295368700034
ER
PT J
AU Taylor, JR
Randel, WJ
Jensen, EJ
AF Taylor, J. R.
Randel, W. J.
Jensen, E. J.
TI Cirrus cloud-temperature interactions in the tropical tropopause layer:
a case study
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GPS RADIO OCCULTATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS;
RADIATIVE IMPACTS; WATER-VAPOR; LIDAR; THIN; TROPOSPHERE; TRANSPORT;
STRATOSPHERE
AB Thin cirrus clouds in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) have important ramifications for radiative transfer, stratospheric humidity, and vertical transport. A horizontally extensive and vertically thin cirrus cloud in the TTL was detected by the Cloud Aerosol LIDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) on 27-29 January 2009 in the Tropical Eastern Pacific region, distant from any regions of deep convection. These observations indicate that the cloud is close to 3000 km in length along the CALIPSO orbit track. Measurements over this three day period indicate that the cloud event extended over a region from approximately 15 degrees S to 10 degrees N and 90 degrees W to 150 degrees W and may be one of the most extensive cirrus events ever observed. Coincident temperature observations from the Constellation of Observing Satellites for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) suggest that the cloud formed in-situ as a result of a cold anomaly arising from a midlatitude intrusion. The event appears to last for up to 2 days and the temperature observations do not show any indication of the expected infrared heating. It is hypothesized that the cloud could be maintained by either nucleation of numerous small ice crystals that don't sediment or by multiple localized ice nucleation events driven by temperature variability at scales smaller than the overall cloud field, producing small ice-crystal sizes which have sufficiently long residence times (approximate to 53 h) to maintain the cloud. It is possible that the residence times are augmented by vertical motion which could also act to offset the expected infrared heating. Further observations of similar events will be required in order to conclusively explain this curious cloud.
C1 [Taylor, J. R.; Randel, W. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Jensen, E. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Taylor, JR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM taylor@ucar.edu
RI Randel, William/K-3267-2016
OI Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162
FU NASA; National Science Foundation
FX The authors wish to thank the CALIPSO and COSMIC Science Teams for
providing cloud and temperature data, respectively. We thank Charles
Bardeen, Steven Massie, Darryn Waugh, and Fei Wu for discussions and
comments on the manuscript. We especially thank Mijeong Park at NCAR for
producing the PV maps in Fig. 9. This work is partially supported by the
NASA GNSS program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is
sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
NR 58
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 19
BP 10085
EP 10095
DI 10.5194/acp-11-10085-2011
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 839HW
UT WOS:000296357300005
ER
PT J
AU Fountoukis, C
Racherla, PN
van der Gon, HACD
Polymeneas, P
Charalampidis, PE
Pilinis, C
Wiedensohler, A
Dall'Osto, M
O'Dowd, C
Pandis, SN
AF Fountoukis, C.
Racherla, P. N.
van der Gon, H. A. C. Denier
Polymeneas, P.
Charalampidis, P. E.
Pilinis, C.
Wiedensohler, A.
Dall'Osto, M.
O'Dowd, C.
Pandis, S. N.
TI Evaluation of a three-dimensional chemical transport model (PMCAMx) in
the European domain during the EUCAARI May 2008 campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; VOLATILITY BASIS-SET; PARTICULATE MATTER
CONCENTRATIONS; WILD-LAND FIRES; AIR-QUALITY; MASS-SPECTROMETER;
MEXICO-CITY; MEASUREMENT EXPERIMENT-2008; POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION;
SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS
AB PMCAMx-2008, a detailed three-dimensional chemical transport model (CTM), was applied to Europe to simulate the mass concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) during May 2008. The model includes a state-of-the-art organic aerosol module which is based on the volatility basis set framework treating both primary and secondary organic components as semivolatile and photochemically reactive. The model performance is evaluated against high time resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) ground and airborne measurements. Overall, organic aerosol is predicted to account for 32% of total PM1 at ground level during May 2008, followed by sulfate (30%), crustal material and sea-salt (14%), ammonium (13%), nitrate (7%), and elemental carbon (4%). The model predicts that fresh primary OA (POA) is a small contributor to organic PM concentrations in Europe during late spring, and that oxygenated species (oxidized primary and biogenic secondary) dominate the ambient OA. The Mediterranean region is the only area in Europe where sulfate concentrations are predicted to be much higher than the OA, while organic matter is predicted to be the dominant PM1 species in central and northern Europe. The comparison of the model predictions with the ground measurements in four measurement stations is encouraging. The model reproduces more than 94% of the daily averaged data and more than 87% of the hourly data within a factor of 2 for PM1 OA. The model tends to predict relatively flat diurnal profiles for PM1 OA in many areas, both rural and urban in agreement with the available measurements. The model performance against the high time resolution airborne measurements at multiple altitudes and locations is as good as its performance against the ground level hourly measurements. There is no evidence of missing sources of OA aloft over Europe during this period.
C1 [Fountoukis, C.; Pandis, S. N.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH, Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc, Patras, Greece.
[Racherla, P. N.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[van der Gon, H. A. C. Denier] TNO Built Environm & Geosci, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Polymeneas, P.; Charalampidis, P. E.; Pilinis, C.] Univ Aegean, Dept Environm, Mitilini 81100, Greece.
[Wiedensohler, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
[Dall'Osto, M.; O'Dowd, C.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland.
[Dall'Osto, M.; O'Dowd, C.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Galway, Ireland.
[Pandis, S. N.] Univ Patras, Dept Chem Engn, GR-26110 Patras, Greece.
[Pandis, S. N.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Pandis, SN (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH, Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc, Patras, Greece.
EM spyros@andrew.cmu.edu
RI Racherla, Pavan/B-4846-2013; Pandis, Spyros/D-3680-2013; Wiedensohler,
Alfred/D-1223-2013; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012;
OI O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Pandis, Spyros/0000-0001-8085-9795;
dallosto, manuel/0000-0003-4203-894X
FU European Commission [34684]; European Community; NERC ADIENT
[NE/E011101/1]
FX This work was funded by the European Commission 6th Framework Programme
project EUCAARI (contract 34684). C. Fountoukis was partially supported
by a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant within the 7th
European Community Framework Programme. The UK Facility for Airborne
Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft was supported by NERC
ADIENT project NE/E011101/1. We thank W. T. Morgan and H. Coe for
provision of the aircraft AMS data. The NERC National Centre for
Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Facility for Ground based Atmospheric
Measurements (FGAM) supported the maintenance of the cToF-AMS. The
authors would like to thank A. Mensah and A. Kiendler-Scharr for
providing the measurement data from Cabauw, L. Poulain, G. Spindler, H.
Herrmann and W. Birmili for the Melpitz data, L. Hildebrandt and the
Carnegie Mellon University and the Paul Scherrer Institute teams for the
Finokalia AMS measurements, Mikhail Sofiev for assistance with the fire
emission inventory. Chlorofyll-a data used in this study for the
emission fields were acquired using the GES-DISC Interactive Online
Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure (GIOVANNI) as part of the
NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center
(DISC).
NR 79
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 20
BP 10331
EP 10347
DI 10.5194/acp-11-10331-2011
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 842IW
UT WOS:000296593000003
ER
PT J
AU Jethva, H
Torres, O
AF Jethva, H.
Torres, O.
TI Satellite-based evidence of wavelength-dependent aerosol absorption in
biomass burning smoke inferred from Ozone Monitoring Instrument
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK CARBON; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; AMAZON BASIN;
PARTICLES; AERONET; ALGORITHM
AB We provide satellite-based evidence of the spectral dependence of absorption in biomass burning aerosols over South America using near-UV measurements made by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) during 2005-2007. In the current near-UV OMI aerosol algorithm (OMAERUV), it is implicitly assumed that the only absorbing component in carbonaceous aerosols is black carbon whose imaginary component of the refractive index is wavelength independent. With this assumption, OMI-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) is found to be significantly over-estimated compared to that of AERONET at several sites during intense biomass burning events (August-September). Other well-known sources of error affecting the near-UV method of aerosol retrieval do not explain the large observed AOD discrepancies between the satellite and the ground-based observations. A number of studies have revealed strong spectral dependence in carbonaceous aerosol absorption in the near-UV region suggesting the presence of organic carbon in biomass burning generated aerosols. A sensitivity analysis examining the importance of accounting for the presence of wavelength-dependent aerosol absorption in carbonaceous particles in satellite-based remote sensing was carried out in this work. The results convincingly show that the inclusion of spectrally-dependent aerosol absorption in the radiative transfer calculations leads to a more accurate characterization of the atmospheric load of carbonaceous aerosols. The use of a new set of aerosol models assuming wavelength-dependent aerosol absorption in the near-UV region (Absorption Angstrom Exponent lambda(-2.5) (to -3.0)) improved the OMAERUV retrieval results by significantly reducing the AOD bias observed when gray aerosols were assumed. In addition, the new retrieval of single-scattering albedo is in better agreement with those of AERONET within the uncertainties (Delta SSA =+/-0.03). The new colored carbonaceous aerosol model was also found to reproduce the ground-based AOD observations over the biomass burning region of central Africa and northern India. Together with demonstrating a significant improvement in the retrieval of aerosol properties from OMI, the present study highlights the greater sensitivity of the near-UV measurements to the varying spectral aerosol absorption. This capability can be explored further for the use in the identification of the black carbon and organics in the biomass burning aerosols.
C1 [Jethva, H.] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
[Torres, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Jethva, H (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
EM hiren.jethva@hamptonu.edu
RI Jethva, Hiren/H-2258-2012; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013
OI Jethva, Hiren/0000-0002-5408-9886;
NR 37
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 20
BP 10541
EP 10551
DI 10.5194/acp-11-10541-2011
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 842IW
UT WOS:000296593000015
ER
PT J
AU Kim, D
Chin, M
Yu, H
Eck, TF
Sinyuk, A
Smirnov, A
Holben, BN
AF Kim, D.
Chin, M.
Yu, H.
Eck, T. F.
Sinyuk, A.
Smirnov, A.
Holben, B. N.
TI Dust optical properties over North Africa and Arabian Peninsula derived
from the AERONET dataset
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SAHARAN DUST; DESERT DUST; LIGHT-ABSORPTION;
REFRACTIVE-INDEX; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; ANGSTROM EXPONENT; IRON-OXIDES;
VARIABILITY; SATELLITE
AB Dust optical properties over North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula are extracted from the quality assured multi-year datasets obtained at 14 sites of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). We select the data with (a) large aerosol optical depth (AOD >= 0.4 at 440 nm) and (b) small angstrom ngstrom exponent (angstrom(ext) <= 0.2) for retaining high accuracy and reducing interference of non-dust aerosols. The result indicates that the major fraction of high aerosol optical depth days are dominated by dust over these sites even though it varies depending on location and time. We have found that the annual mean and standard deviation of single scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, real refractive index, and imaginary refractive index for Saharan and Arabian desert dust is 0.944 +/- 0.005, 0.752 +/- 0.014, 1.498 +/- 0.032, and 0.0024 +/- 0.0034 at 550 nm wavelength, respectively. Dust aerosol selected by this method is less absorbing than the previously reported values over these sites. The weaker absorption of dust from this study is consistent with the studies using remote sensing techniques from satellite. These results can help to constrain uncertainties in estimating global dust shortwave radiative forcing.
C1 [Kim, D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Kim, D.; Chin, M.; Yu, H.; Eck, T. F.; Sinyuk, A.; Smirnov, A.; Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Yu, H.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Kim, D.; Eck, T. F.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Sinyuk, A.; Smirnov, A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Kim, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM dongchul.kim@nasa.gov
RI Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Kim,
Dongchul/H-2256-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012
OI Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; Kim, Dongchul/0000-0002-5659-1394;
FU NASA
FX This work is supported by NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP)
and EOS Programs. We would like to thank the principal investigators (D.
Tanre, B. Mougenot, B. Duchemin, E. Cuevas-Agullo, N. Al-Abbadi, R. T.
Pinker, B. Chatenet, P. Goloub, and E. Cuevas-Agullo) and technicians of
AERONET sites used in this study.
NR 36
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 20
BP 10733
EP 10741
DI 10.5194/acp-11-10733-2011
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 842IW
UT WOS:000296593000028
ER
PT J
AU Shephard, MW
Cady-Pereira, KE
Luo, M
Henze, DK
Pinder, RW
Walker, JT
Rinsland, CP
Bash, JO
Zhu, L
Payne, VH
Clarisse, L
AF Shephard, M. W.
Cady-Pereira, K. E.
Luo, M.
Henze, D. K.
Pinder, R. W.
Walker, J. T.
Rinsland, C. P.
Bash, J. O.
Zhu, L.
Payne, V. H.
Clarisse, L.
TI TES ammonia retrieval strategy and global observations of the spatial
and seasonal variability of ammonia
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE;
UNITED-STATES; GEOS-CHEM; MODEL; SULFATE; NH3; INVENTORY; POLLUTION;
AEROSOLS
AB Presently only limited sets of tropospheric ammonia (NH3) measurements in the Earth's atmosphere have been reported from satellite and surface station measurements, despite the well-documented negative impact of NH3 on the environment and human health. Presented here is a detailed description of the satellite retrieval strategy and analysis for the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) using simulations and measurements. These results show that: (i) the level of detectability for a representative boundary layer TES NH3 mixing ratio value is similar to 0.4 ppbv, which typically corresponds to a profile that contains a maximum level value of similar to 1 ppbv; (ii) TES NH3 retrievals generally provide at most one degree of freedom for signal (DOFS), with peak sensitivity between 700 and 900 mbar; (iii) TES NH3 retrievals show significant spatial and seasonal variability of NH3 globally; (iv) initial comparisons of TES observations with GEOS-CHEM estimates show TES values being higher overall. Important differences and similarities between modeled and observed seasonal and spatial trends are noted, with discrepancies indicating areas where the timing and magnitude of modeled NH3 emissions from agricultural sources, and to lesser extent biomass burning sources, need further study.
C1 [Shephard, M. W.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada.
[Cady-Pereira, K. E.; Payne, V. H.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA.
[Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Henze, D. K.; Zhu, L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Pinder, R. W.; Walker, J. T.; Bash, J. O.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Clarisse, L.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium.
[Rinsland, C. P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Shephard, MW (reprint author), Atmospher & Climate Applicat ACApps Inc, E Gwillimbury, ON, Canada.
EM mark.shephard@acappsinc.com
RI Henze, Daven/A-1920-2012; Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Payne,
Vivienne/D-9713-2012; Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014;
Walker, John/I-8880-2014
OI Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102; Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126;
Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514
FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; NASA
[NNX10AG63G, EPA-STAR RD83455901]
FX We would like to dedicate this article to our good friend and colleague
Curtis Rinsland who passed away during review process of this
publication. He was a very dedicated and accomplished scientist who will
be greatly missed by our scientific community. We would like to thank
Tom Connor, Alan Lipton, Jean-Luc Moncet, and Gennady Uymin of AER for
building an OSS version for TES. We would also like to thank Reinhard
Beer and Shepard A. (Tony) Clough for their initial retrieval support.
Research was partially supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology under contract to the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Contributions at CU Boulder
recognize support from NASA grant NNX10AG63G and EPA-STAR RD83455901.
Research at NASA Langley Research Center was supported under a proposal
funded by NASA. L. Clarisse is supported as a Postdoctoral Researcher
with F.R.S.-FNRS. Although this paper has been reviewed by both EC and
EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect EPA or
EC policies or views.
NR 47
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 2
U2 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 20
BP 10743
EP 10763
DI 10.5194/acp-11-10743-2011
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 842IW
UT WOS:000296593000029
ER
PT J
AU Messerschmidt, J
Geibel, MC
Blumenstock, T
Chen, H
Deutscher, NM
Engel, A
Feist, DG
Gerbig, C
Gisi, M
Hase, F
Katrynski, K
Kolle, O
Lavric, JV
Notholt, J
Palm, M
Ramonet, M
Rettinger, M
Schmidt, M
Sussmann, R
Toon, GC
Truong, F
Warneke, T
Wennberg, PO
Wunch, D
Xueref-Remy, I
AF Messerschmidt, J.
Geibel, M. C.
Blumenstock, T.
Chen, H.
Deutscher, N. M.
Engel, A.
Feist, D. G.
Gerbig, C.
Gisi, M.
Hase, F.
Katrynski, K.
Kolle, O.
Lavric, J. V.
Notholt, J.
Palm, M.
Ramonet, M.
Rettinger, M.
Schmidt, M.
Sussmann, R.
Toon, G. C.
Truong, F.
Warneke, T.
Wennberg, P. O.
Wunch, D.
Xueref-Remy, I.
TI Calibration of TCCON column-averaged CO2: the first aircraft campaign
over European TCCON sites
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETRY; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; GREENHOUSE
GASES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OBSERVING NETWORK; TROPOSPHERE; TRANSPORT;
PROFILES; SPECTRA; SYSTEM
AB The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a ground-based network of Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sites around the globe, where the column abundances of CO2, CH4, N2O, CO and O-2 are measured. CO2 is constrained with a precision better than 0.25% (1-sigma). To achieve a similarly high accuracy, calibration to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards is required. This paper introduces the first aircraft calibration campaign of five European TCCON sites and a mobile FTS instrument. A series of WMO standards in-situ profiles were obtained over European TCCON sites via aircraft and compared with retrievals of CO2 column amounts from the TCCON instruments. The results of the campaign show that the FTS measurements are consistently biased 1.1%+/-0.2% low with respect to WMO standards, in agreement with previous TCCON calibration campaigns. The standard a priori profile for the TCCON FTS retrievals is shown to not add a bias. The same calibration factor is generated using aircraft profiles as a priori and with the TCCON standard a priori. With a calibration to WMO standards, the highly precise TCCON CO2 measurements of total column concentrations provide a suitable database for the calibration and validation of nadir-viewing satellites.
C1 [Messerschmidt, J.; Deutscher, N. M.; Notholt, J.; Palm, M.; Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Geibel, M. C.; Chen, H.; Feist, D. G.; Gerbig, C.; Kolle, O.; Lavric, J. V.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany.
[Blumenstock, T.; Gisi, M.; Hase, F.] KIT, IMK ASF, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Rettinger, M.; Sussmann, R.] KIT, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
[Ramonet, M.; Schmidt, M.; Truong, F.; Xueref-Remy, I.] LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Katrynski, K.] AeroMeteo Serv, Bialystok, Poland.
[Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Frankfurt, Germany.
[Messerschmidt, J.; Wennberg, P. O.; Wunch, D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Messerschmidt, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM messerschmidt@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de
RI Engel, Andreas/E-3100-2014; Lavric, Jost/H-4487-2011; Wennberg,
Paul/A-5460-2012; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012;
Blumenstock, Thomas/K-2263-2012; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Hase,
Frank/A-7497-2013; Feist, Dietrich/B-6489-2013; Gerbig,
Christoph/L-3532-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Geibel,
Marc/B-8591-2015; Deutscher, Nicholas/E-3683-2015
OI Engel, Andreas/0000-0003-0557-3935; Lavric, Jost/0000-0003-3610-9078;
Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673;
Feist, Dietrich/0000-0002-5890-6687; Gerbig,
Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Geibel, Marc/0000-0002-7369-0781;
Deutscher, Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577
FU European Commission; NASA [NNX08AI86G]
FX We acknowledge the support of the European Commission within the 6th
Framework Program through the Integrated Infrastructure Initiative IMECC
(Infrastructure for Measurement of the European Carbon Cycle) and the
Integrated Project GEOmon (Global Earth Observation and Monitoring).;
Implementation of TCCON data processing is supported by a grant from
NASA's Carbon Cycle Program (NNX08AI86G) to the California Institute of
Technology. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with
NASA.
NR 31
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 3
U2 19
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 21
BP 10765
EP 10777
DI 10.5194/acp-11-10765-2011
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 847IZ
UT WOS:000296967900001
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, L
Li, QB
Jin, J
Liu, H
Livesey, N
Jiang, JH
Mao, Y
Chen, D
Luo, M
Chen, Y
AF Zhang, L.
Li, Q. B.
Jin, J.
Liu, H.
Livesey, N.
Jiang, J. H.
Mao, Y.
Chen, D.
Luo, M.
Chen, Y.
TI Impacts of 2006 Indonesian fires and dynamics on tropical upper
tropospheric carbon monoxide and ozone
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRE; EL-NINO; AURA SATELLITE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;
EMISSION SPECTROMETER; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; MOIST CONVECTION; EQUATORIAL
ASIA; TRANSPORT MODEL; CHEMISTRY
AB We investigate the relative impacts of biomass burning emissions and dynamics on tropical upper tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O-3) over western and central Indonesia during the August-November 2006 fires in equatorial Asia by using a global three-dimensional model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem) and by comparing model results with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations of upper tropospheric CO and O-3. GEOS-Chem CO and O-3 show similarities with MLS observed enhancements from convective lifting of fire emissions. In the tropical upper troposphere (UT), fire effluents from equatorial Asia are primarily transported southwestward to the eastern tropical Indian Ocean, driven by the high-pressure systems along 10 degrees N-15 degrees N and 10 degrees S-15 degrees S latitudes, and northeastward to southeast Asia and beyond, driven by the western North Pacific subtropical high. A characteristic feature of these CO enhancements is that they lag behind biomass burning emissions (by 2-3 weeks) at the three pressure levels 215, 147 and 100 hPa, resulting from the decreasing influence of deep convective lifting with altitude in the tropical UT. Inclusion of biomass burning injection height significantly improves model comparison with observations. We estimate the fire influences by contrasting one model simulation with year-specific and another with climatological biomass burning emissions. Biomass burning accounts for about 50-150 ppbv of CO and 5-15 ppbv of O-3 in the tropical UT below 100 hPa during October and November, with temporal variations driven by biomass burning and deep convection. We estimate the dynamic impacts by examining the difference between a model simulation for 2006 (El Nino) and another for 2005 (neutral). The dynamic impacts are far more complex and account for up to 100 ppbv of CO and 30 ppbv of O-3 in the tropical UT below 100 hPa. The temporal variation of the dynamic impact on CO is driven by deep convection. The variation of the dynamic impact on O-3 depends on deep convection as well as the associated lightning NOx emissions and also reflects non-linearity of O-3 chemistry.
C1 [Zhang, L.; Li, Q. B.; Mao, Y.; Chen, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
[Zhang, L.; Li, Q. B.; Mao, Y.; Chen, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Jin, J.; Livesey, N.; Jiang, J. H.; Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Liu, H.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA.
[Chen, Y.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Li, QB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
EM qli@atmos.ucla.edu
RI Jin, Jianjun/G-8357-2012; Chen, Yang/C-6529-2008; Chem,
GEOS/C-5595-2014; ZHANG, LI/C-6743-2015; Chen, Dan/R-4486-2016
OI Chen, Yang/0000-0002-0993-7081;
FU NASA from the ACMAP [NNX09AF07G, NNX08AF64G]; NASA
FX This research was supported in part by NASA grants NNX09AF07G and
NNX08AF64G from the ACMAP program. We also acknowledge supports by the
NASA Aura Science Team program. The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the
Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling group at Harvard University with support
from the NASA ACMAP program. Work at Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 70
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 21
BP 10929
EP 10946
DI 10.5194/acp-11-10929-2011
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 847IZ
UT WOS:000296967900011
ER
PT J
AU Hornbrook, RS
Blake, DR
Diskin, GS
Fried, A
Fuelberg, HE
Meinardi, S
Mikoviny, T
Richter, D
Sachse, GW
Vay, SA
Walega, J
Weibring, P
Weinheimer, AJ
Wiedinmyer, C
Wisthaler, A
Hills, A
Riemer, DD
Apel, EC
AF Hornbrook, R. S.
Blake, D. R.
Diskin, G. S.
Fried, A.
Fuelberg, H. E.
Meinardi, S.
Mikoviny, T.
Richter, D.
Sachse, G. W.
Vay, S. A.
Walega, J.
Weibring, P.
Weinheimer, A. J.
Wiedinmyer, C.
Wisthaler, A.
Hills, A.
Riemer, D. D.
Apel, E. C.
TI Observations of nonmethane organic compounds during ARCTAS - Part 1:
Biomass burning emissions and plume enhancements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; COMPREHENSIVE LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS;
SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; FOREST-FIRE PLUMES; TRACE GASES;
MEXICO-CITY; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; TROPICAL FOREST; CARBON-MONOXIDE;
SAVANNA FIRES
AB Mixing ratios of a large number of nonmethane organic compounds (NMOCs) were observed by the Trace Organic Gas Analyzer (TOGA) on board the NASA DC-8 as part of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) field campaign. Many of these NMOCs were observed concurrently by one or both of two other NMOC measurement techniques on board the DC-8: proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and whole air canister sampling (WAS). A comparison of these measurements to the data from TOGA indicates good agreement for the majority of co-measured NMOCs. The ARCTAS study, which included both spring and summer deployments, provided opportunities to sample a large number of biomass burning (BB) plumes with origins in Asia, California and central Canada, ranging from very recent emissions to plumes aged one week or more. For this analysis, BB smoke interceptions were grouped by flight, source region and, in some cases, time of day, generating 40 identified BB plumes for analysis. Normalized excess mixing ratios (NEMRs) to CO were determined for each of the 40 plumes for up to 19 different NMOCs or NMOC groups. Although the majority of observed NEMRs for individual NMOCs or NMOC groups were in agreement with previously-reported values, the observed NEMRs to CO for ethanol, a rarely quantified gas-phase trace gas, ranged from values similar to those previously reported, to up to an order of magnitude greater. Notably, though variable between plumes, observed NEMRs of individual light alkanes are highly correlated within BB emissions, independent of estimated plume ages. BB emissions of oxygenated NMOC were also found to be often well-correlated. Using the NCAR Master Mechanism chemical box model initialized with concentrations based on two observed scenarios, fresh Canadian BB and fresh Californian BB, decreases are predicted for the low molecular weight carbonyls (i.e. formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, MEK) and alcohols (i.e. methanol and ethanol) as the plumes evolve in time, i.e. the production of these compounds is less than the chemical loss. Comparisons of the modeled NEMRs to the observed NEMRs from BB plumes estimated to be three days in age or less indicate overall good agreement.
C1 [Hornbrook, R. S.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Wiedinmyer, C.; Hills, A.; Apel, E. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Blake, D. R.; Meinardi, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
[Diskin, G. S.; Sachse, G. W.; Vay, S. A.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
[Fried, A.; Richter, D.; Walega, J.; Weibring, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Mikoviny, T.; Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys & Angew Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Riemer, D. D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Hornbrook, RS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM rsh@ucar.edu
OI Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554
FU NASA [X08AD33G]; National Science Foundation
FX HCN data were provided courtesy of Paul Wennberg, John Crounse and
Andreas Kurten at the California Institute of Technology. The authors
thank the crew and support team for the NASA DC-8 aircraft, and Isobel
Simpson, Simone Tilmes and Thomas Karl for helpful comments and
discussion. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of
NASA (Grant No. X08AD33G). PTR-MS measurements were supported by the
Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR) and the Tiroler
Zukunftstiftung, and were carried out with the help of M. Graus, A.
Hansel and T. D. Maerk. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is
sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and
conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of
the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National
Science Foundation.
NR 80
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 4
U2 55
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 21
BP 11103
EP 11130
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11103-2011
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 847IZ
UT WOS:000296967900021
ER
PT J
AU Cionni, I
Eyring, V
Lamarque, JF
Randel, WJ
Stevenson, DS
Wu, F
Bodeker, GE
Shepherd, TG
Shindell, DT
Waugh, DW
AF Cionni, I.
Eyring, V.
Lamarque, J. F.
Randel, W. J.
Stevenson, D. S.
Wu, F.
Bodeker, G. E.
Shepherd, T. G.
Shindell, D. T.
Waugh, D. W.
TI Ozone database in support of CMIP5 simulations: results and
corresponding radiative forcing
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE;
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TECHNICAL NOTE; IMPACT; AIR;
EMISSIONS; METHANE
AB A continuous tropospheric and stratospheric vertically resolved ozone time series, from 1850 to 2099, has been generated to be used as forcing in global climate models that do not include interactive chemistry. A multiple linear regression analysis of SAGE I+II satellite observations and polar ozonesonde measurements is used for the stratospheric zonal mean dataset during the well-observed period from 1979 to 2009. In addition to terms describing the mean annual cycle, the regression includes terms representing equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) and the 11-yr solar cycle variability. The EESC regression fit coefficients, together with pre-1979 EESC values, are used to extrapolate the stratospheric ozone time series backward to 1850. While a similar procedure could be used to extrapolate into the future, coupled chemistry climate model (CCM) simulations indicate that future stratospheric ozone abundances are likely to be significantly affected by climate change, and capturing such effects through a regression model approach is not feasible. Therefore, the stratospheric ozone dataset is extended into the future (merged in 2009) with multi-model mean projections from 13 CCMs that performed a simulation until 2099 under the SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios) A1B greenhouse gas scenario and the A1 adjusted halogen scenario in the second round of the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal-2) Activity. The stratospheric zonal mean ozone time series is merged with a three-dimensional tropospheric data set extracted from simulations of the past by two CCMs (CAM3.5 and GISS-PUCCINI) and of the future by one CCM (CAM3.5). The future tropospheric ozone time series continues the historical CAM3.5 simulation until 2099 following the four different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Generally good agreement is found between the historical segment of the ozone database and satellite observations, although it should be noted that total column ozone is overestimated in the southern polar latitudes during spring and tropospheric column ozone is slightly underestimated. Vertical profiles of tropospheric ozone are broadly consistent with ozonesondes and in-situ measurements, with some deviations in regions of biomass burning. The tropospheric ozone radiative forcing (RF) from the 1850s to the 2000s is 0.23Wm(-2), lower than previous results. The lower value is mainly due to (i) a smaller increase in biomass burning emissions; (ii) a larger influence of stratospheric ozone depletion on upper tropospheric ozone at high southern latitudes; and possibly (iii) a larger influence of clouds (which act to reduce the net forcing) compared to previous radiative forcing calculations. Over the same period, decreases in stratospheric ozone, mainly at high latitudes, produce a RF of -0.08W m(-2), which is more negative than the central Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) value of -0.05W m(-2), but which is within the stated range of -0.15 to +0.05W m(-2). The more negative value is explained by the fact that the regression model simulates significant ozone depletion prior to 1979, in line with the increase in EESC and as confirmed by CCMs, while the AR4 assumed no change in stratospheric RF prior to 1979. A negative RF of similar magnitude persists into the future, although its location shifts from high latitudes to the tropics.
This shift is due to increases in polar stratospheric ozone, but decreases in tropical lower stratospheric ozone, related toa strengthening of the Brewer-Dobson circulation, particularly through the latter half of the 21st century. Differences in trends in tropospheric ozone among the four RCPs are mainly driven by different methane concentrations, resulting in a range of tropospheric ozone RFs between 0.4 and 0.1W m(-2) by 2100. The ozone dataset described here has been released for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model simulations in netCDF Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Convention at the PCMDI website (http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/).
C1 [Cionni, I.; Eyring, V.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Lamarque, J. F.; Randel, W. J.; Wu, F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Bodeker, G. E.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, New Zealand.
[Bodeker, G. E.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand.
[Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Cionni, I (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
EM irene.cionni@dlr.de
RI Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Bodeker,
Greg/A-8870-2008; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Randel,
William/K-3267-2016; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016; Eyring,
Veronika/O-9999-2016
OI Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Bodeker, Greg/0000-0003-1094-5852;
Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Randel,
William/0000-0002-5999-7162; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; Eyring,
Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885
NR 87
TC 105
Z9 111
U1 4
U2 38
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 21
BP 11267
EP 11292
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11267-2011
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 847IZ
UT WOS:000296967900031
ER
PT J
AU Kim, SW
McKeen, SA
Frost, GJ
Lee, SH
Trainer, M
Richter, A
Angevine, WM
Atlas, E
Bianco, L
Boersma, KF
Brioude, J
Burrows, JP
de Gouw, J
Fried, A
Gleason, J
Hilboll, A
Mellqvist, J
Peischl, J
Richter, D
Rivera, C
Ryerson, T
Hekkert, STL
Walega, J
Warneke, C
Weibring, P
Williams, E
AF Kim, S-W
McKeen, S. A.
Frost, G. J.
Lee, S-H
Trainer, M.
Richter, A.
Angevine, W. M.
Atlas, E.
Bianco, L.
Boersma, K. F.
Brioude, J.
Burrows, J. P.
de Gouw, J.
Fried, A.
Gleason, J.
Hilboll, A.
Mellqvist, J.
Peischl, J.
Richter, D.
Rivera, C.
Ryerson, T.
Hekkert, S. Te Lintel
Walega, J.
Warneke, C.
Weibring, P.
Williams, E.
TI Evaluations of NOx and highly reactive VOC emission inventories in Texas
and their implications for ozone plume simulations during the Texas Air
Quality Study 2006
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC NO2; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS; FIELD
CAMPAIGN; WRF MODEL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; COLUMN RETRIEVAL; HOUSTON;
AEROSOL; ENSEMBLE
AB Satellite and aircraft observations made during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) detected strong urban, industrial and power plant plumes in Texas. We simulated these plumes using the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model with input from the US EPA's 2005 National Emission Inventory (NEI-2005), in order to evaluate emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the cities of Houston and Dallas-FortWorth. We compared the model results with satellite retrievals of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns and airborne in-situ observations of several trace gases including NOx and a number of VOCs. The model and satellite NO2 columns agree well for regions with large power plants and for urban areas that are dominated by mobile sources, such as Dallas. How-ever, in Houston, where significant mobile, industrial, and inport marine vessel sources contribute to NOx emissions, the model NO2 columns are approximately 50 %-70 % higher than the satellite columns. Similar conclusions are drawn from comparisons of the model results with the TexAQS 2006 aircraft observations in Dallas and Houston. For Dallas plumes, the model-simulated NO2 showed good agreement with the aircraft observations. In contrast, the model-simulated NO2 is similar to 60 % higher than the aircraft observations in the Houston plumes. Further analysis indicates that the NEI-2005 NOx emissions over the Houston Ship Channel area are overestimated while the urban Houston NOx emissions are reasonably represented. The comparisons of model and aircraft observations confirm that highly reactive VOC emissions originating from industrial sources in Houston are underestimated in NEI-2005. The update of VOC emissions based on Solar Occultation Flux measurements during the field campaign leads to improved model simulations of ethylene, propylene, and formaldehyde. Reducing NOx emissions in the Houston Ship Channel and increasing highly reactive VOC emissions from the point sources in Houston improve the model's capability of simulating ozone (O-3) plumes observed by the NOAA WP-3D aircraft, although the deficiencies in the model O-3 simulations indicate that many challenges remain for a full understanding of the O-3 formation mechanisms in Houston.
C1 [Kim, S-W; McKeen, S. A.; Frost, G. J.; Lee, S-H; Angevine, W. M.; Bianco, L.; Brioude, J.; de Gouw, J.; Peischl, J.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kim, S-W; McKeen, S. A.; Frost, G. J.; Lee, S-H; Trainer, M.; Angevine, W. M.; Bianco, L.; Brioude, J.; de Gouw, J.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Richter, A.; Burrows, J. P.; Hilboll, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
[Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Atmospher & Marine Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Boersma, K. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Boersma, K. F.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
[Burrows, J. P.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England.
[Fried, A.; Richter, D.; Walega, J.; Weibring, P.] NCAR, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Gleason, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmosphere, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Mellqvist, J.; Rivera, C.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Hekkert, S. Te Lintel] Sensor Sense, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
RP Kim, SW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM siwan.kim@noaa.gov
RI Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Hilboll, Andreas/A-6612-2011; Richter,
Andreas/C-4971-2008; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw,
Joost/A-9675-2008; Rivera, Claudia/L-4669-2016; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; Gleason,
James/E-1421-2012; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Peischl,
Jeff/E-7454-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Boersma,
Klaas/H-4559-2012; Lee, Sang-Hyun/B-5974-2013; Trainer,
Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Rivera,
Claudia/B-5605-2012; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Angevine,
Wayne/H-9849-2013; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Frost,
Gregory/I-1958-2013
OI Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Hilboll, Andreas/0000-0002-1038-6248;
Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; de Gouw,
Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Peischl,
Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Angevine,
Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116;
FU NOAA; NOAA through the NOAA Office of Atmospheric Research; University
of Bremen; European Union
FX The authors would like to thank Bryan Lambeth from the Texas Commission
on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for providing the surface observation
data and the La Porte wind profiler data. The authors thank Jim Corbett
and Jordan Silberman for assistance with the ship emission analysis. The
authors would like to thank TCEQ for support of the evaluation of the
emission inventory using satellite observations. NOAA Health of
Atmosphere Program supports this study. This work is partially funded by
the NOAA United States Weather Research Program through the NOAA Office
of Atmospheric Research. Some of the satellite retrievals used in this
study were funded by the University of Bremen and the European Union
through the ACCENT project. The Dutch-Finnish built OMI is part of the
NASA EOS Aura satellite payload. The OMI project is managed by NIVR and
KNMI in the Netherlands.
NR 72
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 7
U2 51
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 22
BP 11361
EP 11386
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11361-2011
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 863AC
UT WOS:000298134200003
ER
PT J
AU Hurwitz, MM
Newman, PA
Garfinkel, CI
AF Hurwitz, M. M.
Newman, P. A.
Garfinkel, C. I.
TI The Arctic vortex in March 2011: a dynamical perspective
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH PACIFIC; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; STRATOSPHERE;
OSCILLATION
AB Despite the record ozone loss observed in March 2011, dynamical conditions in the Arctic stratosphere were unusual but not unprecedented. Weak planetary wave driving in February preceded cold anomalies in the polar lower stratosphere in March and a relatively late breakup of the Arctic vortex in April. La Nina conditions and the westerly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) were observed in March 2011. Though these conditions are generally associated with a stronger vortex in mid-winter, the respective cold anomalies do not persist through March. Therefore, the La Nina and QBO-westerly conditions cannot explain the observed cold anomalies in March 2011. In contrast, positive sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Pacific may have contributed to the unusually weak tropospheric wave driving and strong Arctic vortex in late winter 2011.
C1 [Hurwitz, M. M.] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA.
[Hurwitz, M. M.; Newman, P. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Garfinkel, C. I.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Hurwitz, MM (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA.
EM margaret.m.hurwitz@nasa.gov
RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; garfinkel, chaim/H-6215-2012
OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; garfinkel, chaim/0000-0001-7258-666X
FU NASA
FX The authors thank Eric Nash for providing vortex breakup dates, the
chemistry-climate modelling group at NASA GSFC and two anonymous
referees for their helpful feedback, and NASA's ACMAP program for
funding.
NR 34
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 22
BP 11447
EP 11453
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11447-2011
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 863AC
UT WOS:000298134200008
ER
PT J
AU Fried, A
Cantrell, C
Olson, J
Crawford, JH
Weibring, P
Walega, J
Richter, D
Junkermann, W
Volkamer, R
Sinreich, R
Heikes, BG
O'Sullivan, D
Blake, DR
Blake, N
Meinardi, S
Apel, E
Weinheimer, A
Knapp, D
Perring, A
Cohen, RC
Fuelberg, H
Shetter, RE
Hall, SR
Ullmann, K
Brune, WH
Mao, J
Ren, X
Huey, LG
Singh, HB
Hair, JW
Riemer, D
Diskin, G
Sachse, G
AF Fried, A.
Cantrell, C.
Olson, J.
Crawford, J. H.
Weibring, P.
Walega, J.
Richter, D.
Junkermann, W.
Volkamer, R.
Sinreich, R.
Heikes, B. G.
O'Sullivan, D.
Blake, D. R.
Blake, N.
Meinardi, S.
Apel, E.
Weinheimer, A.
Knapp, D.
Perring, A.
Cohen, R. C.
Fuelberg, H.
Shetter, R. E.
Hall, S. R.
Ullmann, K.
Brune, W. H.
Mao, J.
Ren, X.
Huey, L. G.
Singh, H. B.
Hair, J. W.
Riemer, D.
Diskin, G.
Sachse, G.
TI Detailed comparisons of airborne formaldehyde measurements with box
models during the 2006 INTEX-B and MILAGRO campaigns: potential evidence
for significant impacts of unmeasured and multi-generation volatile
organic carbon compounds
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; CITY METROPOLITAN-AREA;
MCM V3 PART; MEXICO-CITY; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; AMBIENT
FORMALDEHYDE; FIELD CAMPAIGN; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC
AB Detailed comparisons of airborne CH2O measurements acquired by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy with steady state box model calculations were carried out using data from the 2006 INTEX-B and MILARGO campaign in order to improve our understanding of hydrocarbon oxidation processing. This study includes comparisons over Mexico (including Mexico City), the Gulf of Mexico, parts of the continental United States near the Gulf coast, as well as the more remote Pacific Ocean, and focuses on comparisons in the boundary layer. Select previous comparisons in other campaigns have highlighted some locations in the boundary layer where steady state box models have tended to underpredict CH2O, suggesting that standard steady state modeling assumptions might be unsuitable under these conditions, and pointing to a possible role for unmeasured hydrocarbons and/or additional primary emission sources of CH2O. Employing an improved instrument, more detailed measurement-model comparisons with better temporal overlap, up-to-date measurement and model precision estimates, up-to-date rate constants, and additional modeling tools based on both Lagrangian and Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) runs, we have explained much of the disagreement between observed and predicted CH2O as resulting from non-steady-state atmospheric conditions in the vicinity of large pollution sources, and have quantified the disagreement as a function of plume lifetime (processing time). We show that in the near field (within similar to 4 to 6 h of the source), steady-state models can either over-or-underestimate observations, depending on the predominant non-steady-state influence. In addition, we show that even far field processes (10-40 h) can be influenced by non-steady-state conditions which can be responsible for CH2O model underestimations by similar to 20 %. At the longer processing times in the 10 to 40 h range during Mexico City outflow events, MCM model calculations, using assumptions about initial amounts of high-order NMHCs, further indicate the potential importance of CH2O produced from unmeasured and multigeneration hydrocarbon oxidation compounds, particularly methylglyoxal, 3-hydroxypropanal, and butan-3-one-al.
C1 [Fried, A.; Weibring, P.; Walega, J.; Richter, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Cantrell, C.; Apel, E.; Weinheimer, A.; Knapp, D.; Shetter, R. E.; Hall, S. R.; Ullmann, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA.
[Junkermann, W.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
[Volkamer, R.; Sinreich, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Heikes, B. G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA.
[O'Sullivan, D.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA.
[Blake, D. R.; Blake, N.; Meinardi, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
[Perring, A.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Fuelberg, H.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Mao, J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Ren, X.; Riemer, D.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA.
[Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Hair, J. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Lidar Applicat Grp, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Fried, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO USA.
EM fried@ucar.edu
RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Junkermann, Wolfgang/A-7416-2013; Perring,
Anne/G-4597-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Crawford,
James/L-6632-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Volkamer,
Rainer/B-8925-2016; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015;
OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503;
Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934;
Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666;
O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Junkermann,
Wolfgang/0000-0002-7461-3024
FU National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space
Administration; NSF
FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under the sponsorship of
the National Science Foundation. This research was supported by funds
from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global
Tropospheric Program and by funds from NSF in support of the MIRAGE
Study. The authors acknowledge the NASA/University of North Dakota DC-8
staff and crew for their support and assistance and Jack Fox and Ken
Harris, both formerly with NCAR. We also acknowledge Bruce Morley and
Gordon Farquharson for the SABL (Scanning Aerosol Backscatter Lidar)
aerosol measurements on the C-130 and Dustin Phillips and Kevin Knupp at
the University of Alabama in Huntsville for their profiler data. We also
acknowledge Thomas Wagner, Ulrich Platt and Luisa Molina for loan of
equipment and support in generating the DOAS dataset.
NR 53
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 38
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 22
BP 11867
EP 11894
DI 10.5194/acp-11-11867-2011
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 863AC
UT WOS:000298134200036
ER
PT J
AU Cubison, MJ
Ortega, AM
Hayes, PL
Farmer, DK
Day, D
Lechner, MJ
Brune, WH
Apel, E
Diskin, GS
Fisher, JA
Fuelberg, HE
Hecobian, A
Knapp, DJ
Mikoviny, T
Riemer, D
Sachse, GW
Sessions, W
Weber, RJ
Weinheimer, AJ
Wisthaler, A
Jimenez, JL
AF Cubison, M. J.
Ortega, A. M.
Hayes, P. L.
Farmer, D. K.
Day, D.
Lechner, M. J.
Brune, W. H.
Apel, E.
Diskin, G. S.
Fisher, J. A.
Fuelberg, H. E.
Hecobian, A.
Knapp, D. J.
Mikoviny, T.
Riemer, D.
Sachse, G. W.
Sessions, W.
Weber, R. J.
Weinheimer, A. J.
Wisthaler, A.
Jimenez, J. L.
TI Effects of aging on organic aerosol from open biomass burning smoke in
aircraft and laboratory studies
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MASS-SPECTROMETER DATA; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; HIGH-RESOLUTION;
HETEROGENEOUS OXIDATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER;
AMBIENT AEROSOL; MEXICO-CITY; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION; VOLATILITY
MEASUREMENTS
AB Biomass burning (BB) is a large source of primary and secondary organic aerosols (POA and SOA). This study addresses the physical and chemical evolution of BB organic aerosols. Firstly, the evolution and lifetime of BB POA and SOA signatures observed with the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer are investigated, focusing on measurements at high-latitudes acquired during the 2008 NASA ARCTAS mission, in comparison to data from other field studies and from laboratory aging experiments. The parameter f(60), the ratio of the integrated signal at m/z 60 to the total signal in the organic component mass spectrum, is used as a marker to study the rate of oxidation and fate of the BB POA. A background level of f(60) similar to 0.3% +/- 0.06% for SOA-dominated ambient OA is shown to be an appropriate background level for this tracer. Using also f(44) as a tracer for SOA and aged POA and a surrogate of organic O:C, a novel graphical method is presented to characterise the aging of BB plumes. Similar trends of decreasing f(60) and increasing f(44) with aging are observed in most field and lab studies. At least some very aged BB plumes retain a clear f(60) signature. A statistically significant difference in f(60) between highly-oxygenated OA of BB and non-BB origin is observed using this tracer, consistent with a substantial contribution of BBOA to the springtime Arctic aerosol burden in 2008. Secondly, a summary is presented of results on the net enhancement of OA with aging of BB plumes, which shows large variability. The estimates of net OA gain range from Delta OA/Delta CO(mass) = -0.01 to similar to 0.05, with a mean Delta OA/POA similar to 19%. With these ratios and global inventories of BB CO and POA a global net OA source due to aging of BB plumes of similar to 8 +/- 7 TgOA yr(-1) is estimated, of the order of 5% of recent total OA source estimates. Further field data following BB plume advection should be a focus of future research in order to better constrain this potentially important contribution to the OA burden.
C1 [Cubison, M. J.; Ortega, A. M.; Hayes, P. L.; Farmer, D. K.; Day, D.; Lechner, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cubison, M. J.; Hayes, P. L.; Farmer, D. K.; Day, D.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ortega, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Apel, E.; Knapp, D. J.; Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Fisher, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Fuelberg, H. E.; Sessions, W.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Hecobian, A.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Mikoviny, T.; Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys & Angew Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Riemer, D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Sachse, G. W.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu
RI Sessions, Walter/O-8096-2014; Hecobian, Arsineh/A-9743-2012; Jimenez,
Jose/A-5294-2008; Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Ortega, Amber/B-5548-2014
OI Sessions, Walter/0000-0002-5376-4894; Hecobian,
Arsineh/0000-0001-9511-4868; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Fisher,
Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Ortega, Amber/0000-0002-4381-7892
FU NASA [NNX08AD39G]; EPA [R833747]; DOE [DE-SC0006035]; DOE SCGF
[DE-AC05-06OR23100]; [CARB-08-319]
FX The authors would like to extend thanks to the entire ARCTAS science and
operational teams for their diligent and much-appreciated efforts
before, during and after the mission. Stephanie Vay of NASA Langley is
acknowledged for contributing her CO2 data for our responses
to the reviews. We acknowledge the following grants: NASA NNX08AD39G,
EPA grant R833747, DOE (BER/ASR Program) DE-SC0006035, and CARB-08-319.
AMO was partially supported by a DOE SCGF Fellowship (ORAU, ORISE,
DE-AC05-06OR23100). PTR-MS measurements were supported by the PTR-MS
Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR) and the Tiroler Zukunftsstiftung, and were
carried out with the help/support of M. Graus, A. Hansel and T. D.
Maerk.
NR 86
TC 134
Z9 136
U1 15
U2 79
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 23
BP 12049
EP 12064
DI 10.5194/acp-11-12049-2011
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 863AD
UT WOS:000298134300009
ER
PT J
AU Wunch, D
Wennberg, PO
Toon, GC
Connor, BJ
Fisher, B
Osterman, GB
Frankenberg, C
Mandrake, L
O'Dell, C
Ahonen, P
Biraud, SC
Castano, R
Cressie, N
Crisp, D
Deutscher, NM
Eldering, A
Fisher, ML
Griffith, DWT
Gunson, M
Heikkinen, P
Keppel-Aleks, G
Kyro, E
Lindenmaier, R
Macatangay, R
Mendonca, J
Messerschmidt, J
Miller, CE
Morino, I
Notholt, J
Oyafuso, FA
Rettinger, M
Robinson, J
Roehl, CM
Salawitch, RJ
Sherlock, V
Strong, K
Sussmann, R
Tanaka, T
Thompson, DR
Uchino, O
Warneke, T
Wofsy, SC
AF Wunch, D.
Wennberg, P. O.
Toon, G. C.
Connor, B. J.
Fisher, B.
Osterman, G. B.
Frankenberg, C.
Mandrake, L.
O'Dell, C.
Ahonen, P.
Biraud, S. C.
Castano, R.
Cressie, N.
Crisp, D.
Deutscher, N. M.
Eldering, A.
Fisher, M. L.
Griffith, D. W. T.
Gunson, M.
Heikkinen, P.
Keppel-Aleks, G.
Kyro, E.
Lindenmaier, R.
Macatangay, R.
Mendonca, J.
Messerschmidt, J.
Miller, C. E.
Morino, I.
Notholt, J.
Oyafuso, F. A.
Rettinger, M.
Robinson, J.
Roehl, C. M.
Salawitch, R. J.
Sherlock, V.
Strong, K.
Sussmann, R.
Tanaka, T.
Thompson, D. R.
Uchino, O.
Warneke, T.
Wofsy, S. C.
TI A method for evaluating bias in global measurements of CO2 total columns
from space
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID O-2 A-BAND; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; OBSERVING NETWORK;
LINE PARAMETERS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SPECTRA; CALIBRATION; GASES;
SPECTROMETER
AB We describe a method of evaluating systematic errors in measurements of total column dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (X-CO2) from space, and we illustrate the method by applying it to the v2.8 Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space retrievals of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (ACOS-GOSAT) measurements over land. The approach exploits the lack of large gradients in X-CO2 south of 25 degrees S to identify large-scale offsets and other biases in the ACOS-GOSAT data with several retrieval parameters and errors in instrument calibration. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by comparing the ACOS-GOSAT data in the Northern Hemisphere with ground truth provided by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We use the observed correlation between free-tropospheric potential temperature and X-CO2 in the Northern Hemisphere to define a dynamically informed coincidence criterion between the ground-based TCCON measurements and the ACOS-GOSAT measurements. We illustrate that this approach provides larger sample sizes, hence giving a more robust comparison than one that simply uses time, latitude and longitude criteria. Our results show that the agreement with the TCCON data improves after accounting for the systematic errors, but that extrapolation to conditions found outside the region south of 25 degrees S may be problematic (e. g., high airmasses, large surface pressure biases, M-gain, measurements made over ocean). A preliminary evaluation of the improved v2.9 ACOS-GOSAT data is also discussed.
C1 [Wunch, D.; Toon, G. C.; Fisher, B.; Osterman, G. B.; Frankenberg, C.; Mandrake, L.; Castano, R.; Crisp, D.; Eldering, A.; Gunson, M.; Miller, C. E.; Oyafuso, F. A.; Roehl, C. M.; Thompson, D. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Connor, B. J.] BC Consulting Ltd, Alexandra, New Zealand.
[O'Dell, C.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Ahonen, P.; Heikkinen, P.; Kyro, E.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res Ctr, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Cressie, N.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Stat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Deutscher, N. M.; Messerschmidt, J.; Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
[Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.; Macatangay, R.] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
[Morino, I.; Tanaka, T.; Uchino, O.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Rettinger, M.; Sussmann, R.] IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
[Salawitch, R. J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Robinson, J.; Sherlock, V.] Natl Inst Water Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Fisher, M. L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
RP Wunch, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM dwunch@gps.caltech.edu
RI Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Sussmann,
Ralf/K-3999-2012; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Keppel-Aleks,
Gretchen/A-3239-2013; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Cressie,
Noel/B-8858-2009; Heikkinen, Pauli/G-3478-2014; Garmisch-Pa,
Ifu/H-9902-2014; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Deutscher,
Nicholas/E-3683-2015; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; Salawitch,
Ross/B-4605-2009
OI Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Biraud,
Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Cressie, Noel/0000-0002-0274-8050;
Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Deutscher,
Nicholas/0000-0002-2906-2577; Frankenberg,
Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832
FU NASA [NNX11AG01G]; Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program; Atmospheric CO2
Observations from Space (ACOS) Program; DOE/ARM; OCO; OCO-2 project;
Australian Research Council [LE0668470, DP0879468, DP110103118,
LP0562346]; New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology
[C01X0204, CO1X0406]; Senate of Bremen; EU; Atlantic Innovation
Fund/Nova Scotia Research Innovation Trust; Canada Foundation for
Innovation; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences;
Canadian Space Agency; Environment Canada; Government of Canada; Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Northern Scientific Training
Program; Ontario Innovation Trust; Polar Continental Shelf Program;
Ontario Research Fund
FX The authors wish to thank Sergey Oshchepkov, Peter Rayner, editor Ilse
Aben and an anonymous reviewer for insightful and constructive comments
and suggestions. We had enlightening discussions with Hiroshi Suto
(JAXA) about the apparent time-dependent drift in the ACOS-GOSAT data.
GOSAT spectra were kindly provided to the California Institute of
Technology through an RA agreement with JAXA, NIES and the MOE. US
funding for TCCON comes from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program, grant
number NNX11AG01G, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program, the
Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) Program and
the DOE/ARM Program. The Darwin TCCON site was built at Caltech with
funding from the OCO project, and is operated by the University of
Wollongong, with travel funds for maintenance and equipment costs funded
by the OCO-2 project. We acknowledge funding to support Darwin and
Wollongong from the Australian Research Council, Projects LE0668470,
DP0879468, DP110103118 and LP0562346. Lauder TCCON measurements are
funded by New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology
contracts C01X0204 and CO1X0406. We acknowledge financial support of the
Bialystok and Orleans TCCON sites from the Senate of Bremen and EU
projects IMECC and GEOmon as well as maintenance and logistical work
provided by AeroMeteo Service (Bialystok) and the RAMCES team at LSCE
(Gif-sur-Yvette, France). The PEARL Bruker 125HR measurements at Eureka
were made by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric
Change (CANDAC), led by James R. Drummond, and in part by the Canadian
Arctic ACE Validation Campaigns, led by Kaley A. Walker. They were
supported by the Atlantic Innovation Fund/Nova Scotia Research
Innovation Trust, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Canadian Foundation
for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, Canadian Space Agency, Environment
Canada, Government of Canada International Polar Year funding, Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Northern Scientific Training
Program, Ontario Innovation Trust, Polar Continental Shelf Program, and
Ontario Research Fund. The authors wish to thank Rebecca Batchelor and
Ashley Harrett for the near-infrared upgrade of the instrument, PEARL
site manager Pierre Fogal, the staff at the Eureka weather station, and
the CANDAC operators for the logistical and on-site support provided at
Eureka. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with
NASA. NCEP Reanalysis data is provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD,
Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/.
NR 47
TC 104
Z9 109
U1 3
U2 35
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 23
BP 12317
EP 12337
DI 10.5194/acp-11-12317-2011
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 863AD
UT WOS:000298134300025
ER
PT J
AU Kleb, MM
Chen, G
Crawford, JH
Flocke, FM
Brown, CC
AF Kleb, M. M.
Chen, G.
Crawford, J. H.
Flocke, F. M.
Brown, C. C.
TI An overview of measurement comparisons from the INTEX-B/MILAGRO airborne
field campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; NITRIC-OXIDE; INSTRUMENT INTERCOMPARISONS; TROPOSPHERIC
MEASUREMENTS; AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION; HYDROXYL INSTRUMENTATION;
HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; DISULFIDE; TRANSPORT
AB As part of the NASA's INTEX-B mission, the NASA DC-8 and NSF C-130 conducted three wing-tip to wing-tip comparison flights. The intercomparison flights sampled a variety of atmospheric conditions (polluted urban, non-polluted, marine boundary layer, clean and polluted free troposphere). These comparisons form a basis to establish data consistency, but also should also be viewed as a continuation of efforts aiming to better understand and reduce measurement differences as identified in earlier field intercomparison exercises. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of 140 intercomparisons of data collected as well as a record of the measurement consistency demonstrated during INTEX-B. It is the primary goal to provide necessary information for the future research to determine if the observations from different INTEX-B platforms/instrument are consistent within the PI reported uncertainties and used in integrated analysis. This paper may also contribute to the formulation strategy for future instrument developments. For interpretation and most effective use of these results, the reader is strongly urged to consult with the instrument principle investigator.
C1 [Kleb, M. M.; Chen, G.; Crawford, J. H.; Brown, C. C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Flocke, F. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Brown, C. C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Kleb, MM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM mary.m.kleb@nasa.gov
RI Crawford, James/L-6632-2013
OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934
FU National Science Foundation
FX The authors wish to thank the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) Tropospheric Chemistry (TCP) and Making Earth
System data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Programs
for their support of the measurements and intercomparisons presented in
this paper. We also thank the National Science Foundation Atmospheric
Chemistry Program for support of this study. We would like to thank the
pilots and crew of the NASA DC-8 and the NSF C-130 and the INTEX-B and
IMPEX/MILAGRO science teams for contributing to the success of this
study. Finally, we thank Ms. Amy Thornhill for her assistance in
acquiring additional uncertainty information from principal
investigators.
NR 18
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 1
BP 9
EP 27
DI 10.5194/amt-4-9-2011
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 713GB
UT WOS:000286721900002
ER
PT J
AU Pumphrey, HC
Lambert, A
Livesey, NJ
AF Pumphrey, H. C.
Lambert, A.
Livesey, N. J.
TI Observation of the exhaust plume from the space shuttle main engines
using the microwave limb sounder
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS; WATER-VAPOR; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; SUMMER
MESOSPHERE; MLS; OZONE
AB A space shuttle launch deposits 700 tonnes of water in the atmosphere. Some of this water is released into the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere where it may be directly detected by a limb sounding satellite instrument. We report measurements of water vapour plumes from shuttle launches made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite. Approximately 50%-65% of shuttle launches are detected by MLS. The signal appears at a similar level across the upper 10 km of the MLS limb scan, suggesting that the bulk of the observed water is above the top of the scan. Only a small fraction at best of smaller launches (Ariane 5, Proton) are detected. We conclude that the sensitivity of MLS is only just great enough to detect a shuttle sized launch, but that a suitably designed instrument of the same general type could detect the exhausts from a large proportion of heavy-lift launches.
C1 [Pumphrey, H. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Lambert, A.; Livesey, N. J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Pumphrey, HC (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland.
EM h.c.pumphrey@ed.ac.uk
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; University of Edinburgh
FX Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration. HCP thanks the University of
Edinburgh for granting the sabbatical time during which this paper was
written.
NR 25
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 1
BP 89
EP 95
DI 10.5194/amt-4-89-2011
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 713GB
UT WOS:000286721900007
ER
PT J
AU Kittaka, C
Winker, DM
Vaughan, MA
Omar, A
Remer, LA
AF Kittaka, C.
Winker, D. M.
Vaughan, M. A.
Omar, A.
Remer, L. A.
TI Intercomparison of column aerosol optical depths from CALIPSO and
MODIS-Aqua
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID LIDAR; CLOUDS; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; PROFILES; PRODUCTS; MISSION; VIEW
AB The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) is carried on the CALIPSO satellite and has acquired global aerosol profiles since June 2006. CALIPSO is flown in formation with the Aqua satellite as part of the A-train satellite constellation, so that a large number of coincident aerosol observations are available from CALIOP and the MODIS-Aqua instrument. This study compares column aerosol optical depth at 0.532 mu m derived from CALIOP aerosol profiles with MODIS-Aqua 0.55 mu m aerosol optical depth over the period June 2006 through August 2008. The study is based on the CALIOP Version 2 Aerosol Layer Product and MODIS Collection 5. While CALIOP is first and foremost a profiling instrument, this comparison of column aerosol optical depth provides insight into quality of CALIOP aerosol data. It is found that daytime aerosol optical depth from the CALIOP Version 2 product has only a small global mean bias relative to MODIS Collection 5. Regional biases, of both signs, are larger and biases are seen to vary somewhat with season. Good agreement between the two sensors in ocean regions with low cloudiness suggests that the selection of lidar ratios used in the CALIOP aerosol retrieval is sufficient to provide a regional mean AOD consistent with that retrieved from MODIS. Although differences over land are observed to be larger than over ocean, the bias between CALIOP and MODIS AOD on a regional-seasonal basis is found to be roughly within the envelope of the MODIS expected uncertainty over land and ocean. This work forms a basis for further comparisons using the recently released CALIOP Version 3 data.
C1 [Winker, D. M.; Vaughan, M. A.; Omar, A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Kittaka, C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
[Remer, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Winker, DM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM david.m.winker@nasa.gov
RI Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017
OI Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235
FU NASAs Earth Science Enterprise
FX This work was performed under funding from NASAs Earth Science
Enterprise.
NR 20
TC 53
Z9 54
U1 3
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 131
EP 141
DI 10.5194/amt-4-131-2011
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727JZ
UT WOS:000287796100001
ER
PT J
AU Roesch, A
Wild, M
Ohmura, A
Dutton, EG
Long, CN
Zhang, T
AF Roesch, A.
Wild, M.
Ohmura, A.
Dutton, E. G.
Long, C. N.
Zhang, T.
TI Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly
means
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR-RADIATION; SURFACE; FLUXES; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; MODELS; GCMS
AB The integrity of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) radiation monthly averages are assessed by investigating the impact on monthly means due to the frequency of data gaps caused by missing or discarded high time resolution data. The monthly statistics, especially means, are considered to be important and useful values for climate research, model performance evaluations and for assessing the quality of satellite (time- and space-averaged) data products. The study investigates the spread in different algorithms that have been applied for the computation of monthly means from 1-min values.
The paper reveals that the computation of monthly means from 1-min observations distinctly depends on the method utilized to account for the missing data. The intra-method difference generally increases with an increasing fraction of missing data. We found that a substantial fraction of the radiation fluxes observed at BSRN sites is either missing or flagged as questionable. The percentage of missing data is 4.4%, 13.0%, and 6.5% for global radiation, direct shortwave radiation, and downwelling longwave radiation, respectively. Most flagged data in the shortwave are due to nighttime instrumental noise and can reasonably be set to zero after correcting for thermal offsets in the daytime data. The study demonstrates that the handling of flagged data clearly impacts on monthly mean estimates obtained with different methods. We showed that the spread of monthly shortwave fluxes is generally clearly higher than for downwelling longwave radiation.
Overall, BSRN observations provide sufficient accuracy and completeness for reliable estimates of monthly mean values. However, the value of future data could be further increased by reducing the frequency of data gaps and the number of outliers. It is shown that two independent methods for accounting for the diurnal and seasonal variations in the missing data permit consistent monthly means to within less than 1 W m(-2) in most cases. The authors suggest using a standardized method for the computation of monthly means which addresses diurnal variations in the missing data in order to avoid a mismatch of future published monthly mean radiation fluxes from BSRN.
The application of robust statistics would probably lead to less biased results for data records with frequent gaps and/or flagged data and outliers. The currently applied empirical methods should, therefore, be completed by the development of robust methods.
C1 [Roesch, A.; Wild, M.; Ohmura, A.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Dutton, E. G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA.
[Zhang, T.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Roesch, A (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM andreas.roesch@env.ethz.ch
RI Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012
FU Atsumu Ohmura from ETH Zurich
FX The research reported herein was sponsored in part by Atsumu Ohmura from
ETH Zurich. The contributions of data from all the various field sites
to the BSRN archive is greatly appreciated.
NR 21
TC 45
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 339
EP 354
DI 10.5194/amt-4-339-2011
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 727JZ
UT WOS:000287796100013
ER
PT J
AU Taha, G
Rault, DF
Loughman, RP
Bourassa, AE
von Savigny, C
AF Taha, G.
Rault, D. F.
Loughman, R. P.
Bourassa, A. E.
von Savigny, C.
TI SCIAMACHY stratospheric aerosol extinction profile retrieval using the
OMPS/LP algorithm
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID LIMB SCATTER MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOLAR-RADIATION; OZONE;
SENSITIVITY; WAVELENGTHS; MISSION; CLOUDS
AB The Ozone Mapper and Profiler Suite, Limp Profiler (OMPS/LP) algorithm is used to retrieve ozone concentration and aerosol extinction profiles using a series of 120 SCIAMACHY limb measurements collocated with SAGE II solar occultation events. The primary goal of the study is to ascertain the capability of the OMPS/LP retrieval algorithm to accurately retrieve the vertical distribution of stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient so as to better account for aerosol effects in the ozone profiling retrieval process. Using simulated radiances, we show that the aerosol extinction coefficient can be retrieved from limb scatter measurements within 5% and a standard deviation better than 15%, which is more than sufficient to improve the OMPS/LP ozone products to be used as Environmental Data Records. We also illustrate the ability of SCIAMACHY limb measurements to retrieve stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles with accuracy comparable to other instruments. The retrieved aerosol extinction profiles agree with collocated SAGE II measurements on average to within 25%, with a standard deviation of 35%.
C1 [Taha, G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Rault, D. F.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Loughman, R. P.] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.
[Bourassa, A. E.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
[von Savigny, C.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
RP Taha, G (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
EM ghassan.taha-1@nasa.gov
RI von Savigny, Christian/B-3910-2014
FU NASA [NNL07AA00C]
FX The authors wish to acknowledge valuable discussions and comments with
B. Wenny, K.-U. Eichmann, T. Sonkaew, and J. Burrows. We would also like
to acknowledge valuable remarks given by two anonymous reviewers. Thanks
to ESA for providing SCIAMACHY level 1 data used in this study,
Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen for
providing the IUP ozone profiles, and for the SAGE II team at NASA LaRC
for processing SAGE II version 6.2 measurements. The initial work took
place during a visit by G. Taha at the University of Bremen. One of the
Authors, G. Taha, is supported by NASA grant NNL07AA00C.
NR 30
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 3
BP 547
EP 556
DI 10.5194/amt-4-547-2011
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742AR
UT WOS:000288911000012
ER
PT J
AU Smirnov, A
Holben, BN
Giles, DM
Slutsker, I
O'Neill, NT
Eck, TF
Macke, A
Croot, P
Courcoux, Y
Sakerin, SM
Smyth, TJ
Zielinski, T
Zibordi, G
Goes, JI
Harvey, MJ
Quinn, PK
Nelson, NB
Radionov, VF
Duarte, CM
Losno, R
Sciare, J
Voss, KJ
Kinne, S
Nalli, NR
Joseph, E
Moorthy, KK
Covert, DS
Gulev, SK
Milinevsky, G
Larouche, P
Belanger, S
Horne, E
Chin, M
Remer, LA
Kahn, RA
Reid, JS
Schulz, M
Heald, CL
Zhang, J
Lapina, K
Kleidman, RG
Griesfeller, J
Gaitley, BJ
Tan, Q
Diehl, TL
AF Smirnov, A.
Holben, B. N.
Giles, D. M.
Slutsker, I.
O'Neill, N. T.
Eck, T. F.
Macke, A.
Croot, P.
Courcoux, Y.
Sakerin, S. M.
Smyth, T. J.
Zielinski, T.
Zibordi, G.
Goes, J. I.
Harvey, M. J.
Quinn, P. K.
Nelson, N. B.
Radionov, V. F.
Duarte, C. M.
Losno, R.
Sciare, J.
Voss, K. J.
Kinne, S.
Nalli, N. R.
Joseph, E.
Moorthy, K. Krishna
Covert, D. S.
Gulev, S. K.
Milinevsky, G.
Larouche, P.
Belanger, S.
Horne, E.
Chin, M.
Remer, L. A.
Kahn, R. A.
Reid, J. S.
Schulz, M.
Heald, C. L.
Zhang, J.
Lapina, K.
Kleidman, R. G.
Griesfeller, J.
Gaitley, B. J.
Tan, Q.
Diehl, T. L.
TI Maritime aerosol network as a component of AERONET - first results and
comparison with global aerosol models and satellite retrievals
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SEA-SALT; GOCART MODEL;
AEROCOM; MODIS; PREINDUSTRIAL; ASSIMILATION; THICKNESS; OCEAN
AB The Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) has been collecting data over the oceans since November 2006. Over 80 cruises were completed through early 2010 with deployments continuing. Measurement areas included various parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Northern and Southern Pacific Ocean, the South Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and inland seas. MAN deploys Microtops hand-held sunphotometers and utilizes a calibration procedure and data processing traceable to AERONET. Data collection included areas that previously had no aerosol optical depth (AOD) coverage at all, particularly vast areas of the Southern Ocean. The MAN data archive provides a valuable resource for aerosol studies in maritime environments. In the current paper we present results of AOD measurements over the oceans, and make a comparison with satellite AOD retrievals and model simulations.
C1 [Smirnov, A.; Giles, D. M.; Slutsker, I.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Smirnov, A.; Holben, B. N.; Giles, D. M.; Slutsker, I.; Eck, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.
[Eck, T. F.; Tan, Q.; Diehl, T. L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Macke, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany.
[Croot, P.] Univ Kiel IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, Kiel, Germany.
[Courcoux, Y.] Univ Reunion, OPAR, St Denis, Reunion.
[Sakerin, S. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia.
[Smyth, T. J.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England.
[Zielinski, T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland.
[Zibordi, G.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
[Goes, J. I.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME USA.
[Harvey, M. J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Nelson, N. B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Radionov, V. F.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia.
[Duarte, C. M.] IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, Esporles, Mallorca, Spain.
[Losno, R.] Univ Paris 07, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, Creteil, France.
[Losno, R.] Univ Paris 12, Creteil, France.
[Sciare, J.; Schulz, M.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Voss, K. J.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Kinne, S.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany.
[Nalli, N. R.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Joseph, E.] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA.
[Moorthy, K. Krishna] Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, India.
[Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Gulev, S. K.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia.
[Milinevsky, G.] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Space Phys Lab, Kiev, Ukraine.
[Larouche, P.] Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Mont Joli, PQ, Canada.
[Belanger, S.] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada.
[Horne, E.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Bedford, NS, Canada.
[Chin, M.; Tan, Q.; Diehl, T. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Remer, L. A.; Kleidman, R. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Reid, J. S.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
[Heald, C. L.; Lapina, K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA.
[Kleidman, R. G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Gaitley, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Smirnov, A (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
EM alexander.smirnov-1@nasa.gov
RI Gulev, Sergey/A-4994-2014; Harvey, Mike/A-5354-2010; Schulz,
Michael/A-6930-2011; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Smirnov,
Alexander/C-2121-2009; Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Nelson,
Norman/B-7343-2014; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012;
Croot, Peter/C-8460-2009; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Heald,
Colette/A-6813-2011; Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Smyth,
Tim/D-2008-2012; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Voss,
Kenneth /A-5328-2013
OI Harvey, Mike/0000-0002-0979-0227; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158;
Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Moorthy, K.
Krishna/0000-0002-7234-3868; Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304;
Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; Nelson,
Norman/0000-0003-1767-7598; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Kahn,
Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Croot, Peter/0000-0003-1396-0601; Nalli,
Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080
FU Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV)
FX The authors thank Hal Maring (NASA Headquarters) for his support of
AERONET. The authors would like to acknowledge managerial and
operational support from M. Sorokin, A. Scully, A. Tran, P. Kenny, D.
Hamilton, L. Bariteau, R. Dunn, M. Conley, P. Schoessow, H. Gomes, L.
Logan, M. Reynolds, A. Flores, D. A. Siegel, A. Proshutinsky, L.
Rainville, A. Jayakumar, S. Schick, D. Menzies, E. Emry, C. Swan, K. G.
Fairbarn (USA); M. Panchenko, O. Kopelevich, A. Sinitsyn, D. Kabanov, A.
Tikhomirov, A. Kalsin, S. Terpugova, V. Polkin (Sr), V. Polkin (Jr), N.
Vlasov, Y. Turchinovich, A. Gubin, Y. Zyulyaeva (Russia); P. Goloub, L.
Blarel, S. Triquet, P. Hernandez, V. Duflot, T. Lecointre, S. Barataud,
P. Ricaud, P. Sangiardi, A. Kartavtseff, J.-F. Ternon, F. Jourdin, C.
Petus, J. Nicolas, S. Devidal, L. Martinon, M. Faillot, F. Gabarrot, N.
Villeneuve, I. Jubert, M. Barblu, G. Duval (France); C. Powell, C.
Gallienne (UK); C. Schlosser, Y. Zoll, M. Schlundt, M. Heller, T.
Hanschmann, K. Lengfeld, A. Tessendorf, N. Renkosik, T. Heus, K. Lonitz,
B. Quack, T. Dinter, A. Wassmann, M. Schlundt, B. Pospichal, F. Wittrock
(Germany); A. Bromley, R. Martin, G. Brailsford (New Zealand); J.
Kowalczyk, A. Ponczkowska, J. Pasnicki, K. Zielinski, P. Makuch, B.
Lednicka (Poland); K. Niranjan, S. Babu, S. K. Satheesh, V. S. Nair, S.
N. Beegum (India), S. Piketh, D. Williams, B. Kuyper, E. Robertson
(South Africa), L. Jankowski, R. Matarrese (Italy), R. M. Castillo
(Spain). One of the co-authors (Jean Sciare) would like to thank
Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV) for the support provided within the
AEROTRACE project.
NR 41
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 26
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 3
BP 583
EP 597
DI 10.5194/amt-4-583-2011
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 742AR
UT WOS:000288911000015
ER
PT J
AU Hornbrook, RS
Crawford, JH
Edwards, GD
Goyea, O
Mauldin, RL
Olson, JS
Cantrell, CA
AF Hornbrook, R. S.
Crawford, J. H.
Edwards, G. D.
Goyea, O.
Mauldin, R. L., III
Olson, J. S.
Cantrell, C. A.
TI Measurements of tropospheric HO2 and RO2 by oxygen dilution modulation
and chemical ionization mass spectrometry
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PEROXY-RADICALS; RATE CONSTANTS; ATMOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY; WATER-VAPOR; OH; PACIFIC; TRANSPORT; HYDROXYL; PHOTOCHEMISTRY
AB An improved method for the measurement of hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) and organic peroxy radicals (RO2, where R is any organic group) has been developed that combines two previous chemical conversion/chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) peroxy radical measurement techniques. Applicable to both ground-based and aircraft platforms, the method provides good separation between HO2 and RO2, and frequent measurement capability with observations of both HO2 and HO2 + RO2 amounts each minute. These improvements allow for analyses of measured [HO2]/[HO2 + RO2] ratios on timescales relevant to tropospheric photochemistry. By varying both [NO] and [O-2] simultaneously in the chemical conversion region of the PeRCIMS (Peroxy Radical CIMS) inlet, the method exploits the changing conversion efficiency of RO2 to HO2 under different inlet [NO]/[O-2] to selectively observe either primarily HO2 or the sum of HO2 and RO2. Two modes of operation have been established for ambient measurements: in the first half of the minute, RO2 radicals are measured at close to 100% efficiency along with HO2 radicals (low [NO]/[O-2] = 2.53 x 10(-5)) and in the second half of the minute, HO2 is detected while the majority of ambient RO2 radicals are measured with low efficiency, approximately 15% (high [NO]/[O-2] = 6.80 x 10(-4)). The method has been tested extensively in the laboratory under various conditions and for a variety of organic peroxy radicals relevant to the atmosphere and the results of these tests are presented. The modified PeRCIMS instrument has been deployed successfully using the new measurement technique on a number of aircraft campaigns, including on the NSF/NCAR C-130 during the MIRAGE-Mex and NASA INTEX-B field campaigns in the spring of 2006. A brief comparison of the peroxy radical measurements during these campaigns to a photochemical box model indicates good agreement under tropospheric conditions where NOx (NO + NO2) concentrations are lower than 0.5 ppbV (parts per billion by volume).
C1 [Hornbrook, R. S.; Edwards, G. D.; Goyea, O.; Mauldin, R. L., III; Cantrell, C. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Crawford, J. H.; Olson, J. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Mauldin, R. L., III] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
RP Hornbrook, RS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, 1850 Table Mesa Dr,POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM rsh@ucar.edu
RI Crawford, James/L-6632-2013;
OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Hornbrook,
Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554
FU NASA [NNG06GB67G]; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National
Science Foundation
FX The authors thank Fred Eisele and Edward Kosciuch for their instrument
expertise and advice, Andrew Weinheimer for providing the NOx
data from the MIRAGE field campaign, and the crew and support team for
the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft. The authors also thank Geoff Tyndall and
Wengang Zheng for helpful discussion. The authors gratefully acknowledge
the financial support of NASA (Grant No. NNG06GB67G). The National
Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science
Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations
expressed in the publication are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
NR 43
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 32
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 4
BP 735
EP 756
DI 10.5194/amt-4-735-2011
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 756MY
UT WOS:000290017400007
ER
PT J
AU Dubovik, O
Herman, M
Holdak, A
Lapyonok, T
Tanre, D
Deuze, JL
Ducos, F
Sinyuk, A
Lopatin, A
AF Dubovik, O.
Herman, M.
Holdak, A.
Lapyonok, T.
Tanre, D.
Deuze, J. L.
Ducos, F.
Sinyuk, A.
Lopatin, A.
TI Statistically optimized inversion algorithm for enhanced retrieval of
aerosol properties from spectral multi-angle polarimetric satellite
observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; NETWORK AERONET OBSERVATIONS;
REMOTE-SENSING OBSERVATIONS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; MINERAL DUST
TYPES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; BIDIRECTIONAL
REFLECTANCE; PHOTOPOLARIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; SPACEBORNE MEASUREMENTS
AB The proposed development is an attempt to enhance aerosol retrieval by emphasizing statistical optimization in inversion of advanced satellite observations. This optimization concept improves retrieval accuracy relying on the knowledge of measurement error distribution. Efficient application of such optimization requires pronounced data redundancy (excess of the measurements number over number of unknowns) that is not common in satellite observations. The POLDER imager on board the PARASOL microsatellite registers spectral polarimetric characteristics of the reflected atmospheric radiation at up to 16 viewing directions over each observed pixel. The completeness of such observations is notably higher than for most currently operating passive satellite aerosol sensors. This provides an opportunity for profound utilization of statistical optimization principles in satellite data inversion. The proposed retrieval scheme is designed as statistically optimized multi-variable fitting of all available angular observations obtained by the POLDER sensor in the window spectral channels where absorption by gas is minimal. The total number of such observations by PARASOL always exceeds a hundred over each pixel and the statistical optimization concept promises to be efficient even if the algorithm retrieves several tens of aerosol parameters. Based on this idea, the proposed algorithm uses a large number of unknowns and is aimed at retrieval of extended set of parameters affecting measured radiation.
The algorithm is designed to retrieve complete aerosol properties globally. Over land, the algorithm retrieves the parameters of underlying surface simultaneously with aerosol. In all situations, the approach is anticipated to achieve a robust retrieval of complete aerosol properties including information about aerosol particle sizes, shape, absorption and composition (refractive index). In order to achieve reliable retrieval from PARASOL observations even over very reflective desert surfaces, the algorithm was designed as simultaneous inversion of a large group of pixels within one or several images. Such multi-pixel retrieval regime takes advantage of known limitations on spatial and temporal variability in both aerosol and surface properties. Specifically the variations of the retrieved parameters horizontally from pixel-to-pixel and/or temporary from day-to-day are enforced to be smooth by additional a priori constraints. This concept is expected to provide satellite retrieval of higher consistency, because the retrieval over each single pixel will be benefiting from coincident aerosol information from neighboring pixels, as well, from the information about surface reflectance (over land) obtained in preceding and consequent observations over the same pixel.
The paper provides in depth description of the proposed inversion concept, illustrates the algorithm performance by a series of numerical tests and presents the examples of preliminary retrieval results obtained from actual PARASOL observations. It should be noted that many aspects of the described algorithm design considerably benefited from experience accumulated in the preceding effort on developments of currently operating AERONET and PARASOL retrievals, as well as several core software
C1 [Dubovik, O.; Herman, M.; Holdak, A.; Lapyonok, T.; Tanre, D.; Deuze, J. L.; Ducos, F.; Lopatin, A.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, UMR8518, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Lopatin, A.] Inst Phys, Lab Scattering Media, Minsk 220072, Byelarus.
[Sinyuk, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Dubovik, O (reprint author), Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, UMR8518, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
EM dubovik@loa.univ-lille1.fr
RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009
OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460
FU CNES; CNRS; University of Lille; Region Nord-Pas-de-Calais; CNRS-INSU
FX PARASOL is the second microsatellite in the Myriade series developed by
the French Space Agency (CNES). The authors thank the ICARE Data and
Services Center for providing access to the PARASOL data and for general
assistance and development support. This research has been supported by
CNES, CNRS, the University of Lille, and Region Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The
authors are thankful to AERONET and PHOTONS for establishing and
maintaining the sites used in this work. The authors also thank M. King,
A. Kokhanovsky, E. Zege, T. Zao, A. Davis and two anonymous reviewers
for reading the manuscript and providing valuable comments and
corrections. The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU.
NR 119
TC 112
Z9 117
U1 7
U2 41
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 5
BP 975
EP 1018
DI 10.5194/amt-4-975-2011
PG 44
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 770MM
UT WOS:000291090800018
ER
PT J
AU Morino, I
Uchino, O
Inoue, M
Yoshida, Y
Yokota, T
Wennberg, PO
Toon, GC
Wunch, D
Roehl, CM
Notholt, J
Warneke, T
Messerschmidt, J
Griffith, DWT
Deutscher, NM
Sherlock, V
Connor, B
Robinson, J
Sussmann, R
Rettinger, M
AF Morino, I.
Uchino, O.
Inoue, M.
Yoshida, Y.
Yokota, T.
Wennberg, P. O.
Toon, G. C.
Wunch, D.
Roehl, C. M.
Notholt, J.
Warneke, T.
Messerschmidt, J.
Griffith, D. W. T.
Deutscher, N. M.
Sherlock, V.
Connor, B.
Robinson, J.
Sussmann, R.
Rettinger, M.
TI Preliminary validation of column-averaged volume mixing ratios of carbon
dioxide and methane retrieved from GOSAT short-wavelength infrared
spectra
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; CO2; CH4; SPECTROMETER; CALIBRATION;
ABSORPTION; SCIAMACHY; DATABASE; NETWORK; REGION
AB Column-averaged volume mixing ratios of carbon dioxide and methane retrieved from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) Short-Wavelength InfraRed observation (GOSAT SWIR X(CO2) and X(CH4)) were compared with the reference calibrated data obtained by ground-based high-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometers (g-b FTSs) participating in the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON).
Preliminary results are as follows: the GOSAT SWIR X(CO2) and X(CH4) (Version 01.xx) are biased low by 8.85 +/- 4.75 ppm (2.3 +/- 1.2 %) and 20.4 +/- 18.9 ppb (1.2 +/- 1.1 %), respectively. The standard deviation of the GOSAT SWIR X(CO2) and X(CH4) is about 1% (1 sigma) after correcting the negative biases of X(CO2) and X(CH4) by 8.85 ppm and 20.4 ppb, respectively. The latitudinal distributions of zonal means of the GOSAT SWIR X(CO2) and X(CH4) show similar features to those of the g-b FTS data except for the negative biases in the GOSAT data.
C1 [Morino, I.; Uchino, O.; Inoue, M.; Yoshida, Y.; Yokota, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
[Wennberg, P. O.; Wunch, D.; Roehl, C. M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.; Messerschmidt, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany.
[Griffith, D. W. T.; Deutscher, N. M.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
[Sherlock, V.; Connor, B.; Robinson, J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Sussmann, R.; Rettinger, M.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
RP Uchino, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
EM uchino.osamu@nies.go.jp
RI Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Garmisch-Pa,
Ifu/H-9902-2014; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Inoue, Makoto/M-8505-2014;
Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016
OI Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Inoue, Makoto/0000-0002-6826-5334;
Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X
FU Ministry of the Environment in Japan; NASA; Orbiting Carbon Observatory;
EU; New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology
[CO1X0204, CO1X0406]
FX We express our sincere thanks to the members of the NIES GOSAT project
office, data algorithm team, atmospheric transport modeling team for
their useful comments. We thank Nobuyuki Kikuchi in NIES and Komei
Yamaguchi in the Japan Weather Association for plotting the data. We
would like to thank anonymous referees and the associated editor for
improving this paper. This work was funded by the Ministry of the
Environment in Japan. We also thank NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program
and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory for their support of TCCON, and
acknowledge support from the EU within the projects GEOMON and IMECC.
The Lauder TCCON measurements are funded by New Zealand Foundation for
Research, Science and Technology contracts CO1X0204 and CO1X0406. We
thank the members of RAMCES team at LSCE (Gif-sur-Yvette) for
maintaining the FTS at the Trainou station and providing station
logistics.
NR 35
TC 106
Z9 108
U1 4
U2 29
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 6
BP 1061
EP 1076
DI 10.5194/amt-4-1061-2011
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 781NP
UT WOS:000291940400006
ER
PT J
AU Leblanc, T
Walsh, TD
McDermid, IS
Toon, GC
Blavier, JF
Haines, B
Read, WG
Herman, B
Fetzer, E
Sander, S
Pongetti, T
Whiteman, DN
McGee, TG
Twigg, L
Sumnicht, G
Venable, D
Calhoun, M
Dirisu, A
Hurst, D
Jordan, A
Hall, E
Miloshevich, L
Vomel, H
Straub, C
Kampfer, N
Nedoluha, GE
Gomez, RM
Holub, K
Gutman, S
Braun, J
Vanhove, T
Stiller, G
Hauchecorne, A
AF Leblanc, T.
Walsh, T. D.
McDermid, I. S.
Toon, G. C.
Blavier, J. -F.
Haines, B.
Read, W. G.
Herman, B.
Fetzer, E.
Sander, S.
Pongetti, T.
Whiteman, D. N.
McGee, T. G.
Twigg, L.
Sumnicht, G.
Venable, D.
Calhoun, M.
Dirisu, A.
Hurst, D.
Jordan, A.
Hall, E.
Miloshevich, L.
Voemel, H.
Straub, C.
Kampfer, N.
Nedoluha, G. E.
Gomez, R. M.
Holub, K.
Gutman, S.
Braun, J.
Vanhove, T.
Stiller, G.
Hauchecorne, A.
TI Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiments
(MOHAVE)-2009: overview of campaign operations and results
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; INTENSIVE OBSERVATION PERIODS; GROUND-BASED
MEASUREMENTS; PERFORMANCE RAMAN LIDAR; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; GPS
METEOROLOGY; OZONE LIDAR; RADIOSONDE; NETWORK; INCREASE
AB The Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiment (MOHAVE) 2009 campaign took place on 11-27 October 2009 at the JPL Table Mountain Facility in California (TMF). The main objectives of the campaign were to (1) validate the water vapor measurements of several instruments, including, three Raman lidars, two microwave radiometers, two Fourier-Transform spectrometers, and two GPS receivers (column water), (2) cover water vapor measurements from the ground to the mesopause without gaps, and (3) study upper tropospheric humidity variability at timescales varying from a few minutes to several days.
A total of 58 radiosondes and 20 Frost-Point hygrometer sondes were launched. Two types of radiosondes were used during the campaign. Non negligible differences in the readings between the two radiosonde types used (Vaisala RS92 and InterMet iMet-1) made a small, but measurable impact on the derivation of water vapor mixing ratio by the Frost-Point hygrometers. As observed in previous campaigns, the RS92 humidity measurements remained within 5% of the Frost-point in the lower and mid-troposphere, but were too dry in the upper troposphere.
Over 270 h of water vapor measurements from three Raman lidars (JPL and GSFC) were compared to RS92, CFH, and NOAA-FPH. The JPL lidar profiles reached 20 km when integrated all night, and 15 km when integrated for 1 h. Excellent agreement between this lidar and the frost-point hygrometers was found throughout the measurement range, with only a 3% (0.3 ppmv) mean wet bias for the lidar in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The other two lidars provided satisfactory results in the lower and mid-troposphere (2-5% wet bias over the range 3-10 km), but suffered from contamination by fluorescence (wet bias ranging from 5 to 50% between 10 km and 15 km), preventing their use as an independent measurement in the UTLS.
The comparison between all available stratospheric sounders allowed to identify only the largest biases, in particular a 10% dry bias of the Water Vapor Millimeter-wave Spectrometer compared to the Aura-Microwave Limb Sounder. No other large, or at least statistically significant, biases could be observed.
Total Precipitable Water (TPW) measurements from six different co-located instruments were available. Several retrieval groups provided their own TPW retrievals, resulting in the comparison of 10 different datasets. Agreement within 7% (0.7 mm) was found between all datasets. Such good agreement illustrates the maturity of these measurements and raises confidence levels for their use as an alternate or complementary source of calibration for the Raman lidars.
Tropospheric and stratospheric ozone and temperature measurements were also available during the campaign. The water vapor and ozone lidar measurements, together with the advected potential vorticity results from the high-resolution transport model MIMOSA, allowed the identification and study of a deep stratospheric intrusion over TMF. These observations demonstrated the lidar strong potential for future long-term monitoring of water vapor in the UTLS.
C1 [Leblanc, T.; Walsh, T. D.; McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA.
[Toon, G. C.; Blavier, J. -F.; Haines, B.; Read, W. G.; Herman, B.; Fetzer, E.; Sander, S.; Pongetti, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Whiteman, D. N.; McGee, T. G.; Twigg, L.; Sumnicht, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Venable, D.; Calhoun, M.] Howard Univ, Beltsville, MD USA.
[Dirisu, A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Hurst, D.; Jordan, A.; Hall, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hurst, D.; Jordan, A.; Hall, E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Miloshevich, L.] Milo Sci LLC, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA.
[Voemel, H.] Richard Assmann Observ, Lindenberg, Germany.
[Straub, C.; Kampfer, N.] Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Nedoluha, G. E.; Gomez, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Braun, J.; Vanhove, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, UCAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Stiller, G.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Hauchecorne, A.] CNRS IPSL LATMOS, Paris, France.
RP Leblanc, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA.
EM leblanc@tmf.jpl.nasa.gov
RI Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; McGee,
Thomas/G-4951-2013; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016;
OI Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322;
Hauchecorne, Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994
FU NASA; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [50EE0901];
National Science Foundation [AGS-0918398]
FX The work described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under agreements with
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The data used here
were made publicly available on JPL's MOHAVE-2009 website:
http://tmf-lidar.jpl.nasa.gov/campaigns/mohave2009.htm. This campaign
was partially funded by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. Part
of the operations was supported by an appointment to the NASA
Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by
Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The work
by KIT was partly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and
Research under contract no. 50EE0901. The authors acknowledge ESA for
providing MIPAS L1b data. SuomiNet work is supported by the National
Science Foundation under grant AGS-0918398.
NR 55
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 12
BP 2579
EP 2605
DI 10.5194/amt-4-2579-2011
PG 27
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 867ZD
UT WOS:000298492400001
ER
PT J
AU Hurst, DF
Hall, EG
Jordan, AF
Miloshevich, LM
Whiteman, DN
Leblanc, T
Walsh, D
Vomel, H
Oltmans, SJ
AF Hurst, D. F.
Hall, E. G.
Jordan, A. F.
Miloshevich, L. M.
Whiteman, D. N.
Leblanc, T.
Walsh, D.
Voemel, H.
Oltmans, S. J.
TI Comparisons of temperature, pressure and humidity measurements by
balloon-borne radiosondes and frost point hygrometers during MOHAVE-2009
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
AB We compare coincident, in situ, balloon-borne measurements of temperature (T) and pressure (P) by two radiosondes (Vaisala RS92, Intermet iMet-1-RSB) and similar measurements of relative humidity (RH) by RS92 sondes and frost point hygrometers. Data from a total of 28 balloon flights with at least one pair of radiosondes are analyzed in 1-km altitude bins to quantify measurement differences between the sonde sensors and how they vary with altitude. Each comparison (T, P, RH) exposes several profiles of anomalously large measurement differences. Measurement difference statistics, calculated with and without the anomalous profiles, are compared to uncertainties quoted by the radiosonde manufacturers. Excluding seven anomalous profiles, T differences between 19 pairs of RS92 and iMet sondes exceed their measurement uncertainty limits (2 sigma) 31% of the time and reveal a statistically significant, altitude-independent bias of 0.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C. Similarly, RS92-iMet P differences in 22 non-anomalous profiles exceed their uncertainty limits 23% of the time, with a disproportionate 83% of the excessive P differences at altitudes >16 km. The RS92-iMet pressure differences increase smoothly from -0.6 hPa near the surface to 0.8 hPa above 25 km. Temperature and P differences between all 14 pairs of RS92 sondes exceed manufacturer-quoted, reproducibility limits (sigma) 28% and 11% of the time, respectively. About 95% of the excessive T differences are eliminated when 5 anomalous RS92-RS92 profiles are excluded. Only 5% of RH measurement differences between 14 pairs of RS92 sondes exceed the manufacturer's measurement reproducibility limit (sigma). RH measurements by RS92 sondes are also compared to RH values calculated from frost point hygrometer measurements and coincident T measurements by the radiosondes. The influences of RS92-iMet T and P differences on RH values and water vapor mixing ratios calculated from frost point hygrometer measurements are examined.
C1 [Hurst, D. F.; Hall, E. G.; Jordan, A. F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hurst, D. F.; Hall, E. G.; Jordan, A. F.; Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Miloshevich, L. M.] Milo Sci LLC, Lafayette, CO USA.
[Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Leblanc, T.; Walsh, D.] Table Mt Facil, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA.
[Voemel, H.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observatorium Lindenberg, Lindenberg, Germany.
RP Hurst, DF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM dale.hurst@noaa.gov
RI Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016
OI Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322
FU NOAA
FX Thanks go to the entire staff of the magnificent JPL Table Mountain
Facility for hosting the MOHAVE-2009 campaign. We are grateful for the
assistance of T. Grigsby, M. Calhoun, D. Venable and A. Dirisu during
the campaign. NOAA provided the financial support for D. Hurst, E. Hall
and A. Jordan to participate in this campaign and for the 4 NOAA FPHs
that were flown. Two anonymous reviewers provided well-conceived
comments that helped strengthen this paper.
NR 13
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 12
BP 2777
EP 2793
DI 10.5194/amt-4-2777-2011
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 867ZD
UT WOS:000298492400012
ER
PT J
AU Shi, Y
Zhang, J
Reid, JS
Hyer, EJ
Eck, TF
Holben, BN
Kahn, RA
AF Shi, Y.
Zhang, J.
Reid, J. S.
Hyer, E. J.
Eck, T. F.
Holben, B. N.
Kahn, R. A.
TI A critical examination of spatial biases between MODIS and MISR aerosol
products - application for potential AERONET deployment
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIANGLE IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; UNIFIED SATELLITE CLIMATOLOGY;
OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVALS; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OCEAN; NETWORK; SITES;
LAND; ASSIMILATION; VALIDATION
AB AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data are the primary benchmark for evaluating satellite-retrieved aerosol properties. However, despite its extensive coverage, the representativeness of the AERONET data is rarely discussed. Indeed, many studies have shown that satellite retrieval biases have a significant degree of spatial correlation that may be problematic for higher-level processes or inverse-emissions-modeling studies. To consider these issues and evaluate relative performance in regions of few surface observations, cross-comparisons between the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) products of operational MODIS Collection 5.1 Dark Target (DT) and operational MODIS Collection 5.1 Deep Blue (DB) with MISR version 22 were conducted. Through such comparisons, we can observe coherent spatial features of the AOD bias while sidestepping the full analysis required for determining when or where either retrieval is more correct. We identify regions where MODIS to MISR AOD ratios were found to be above 1.4 and below 0.7. Regions where lower boundary condition uncertainty is likely to be a dominant factor include portions of Western North America, the Andes mountains, Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Central Asia. Similarly, microphysical biases may be an issue in South America, and specific parts of Southern Africa, India Asia, East Asia, and Indonesia. These results help identify high-priority locations for possible future deployments of both in situ and ground based remote sensing measurements. The Supplement includes a kml file.
C1 [Shi, Y.; Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA.
[Reid, J. S.; Hyer, E. J.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
[Eck, T. F.; Holben, B. N.; Kahn, R. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA.
EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu
RI ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Kahn,
Ralph/D-5371-2012; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011
OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359;
Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026
FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA
FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Code 322, the
Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program, and the NASA
Interdisciplinary Science Program. We acknowledge and appreciate the
AERONET program and their contributing principal investigators, as well
as their staff for establishing and maintaining the sites used in this
investigation. We would like to thank Christina Hsu for her thoughtful
comments and suggestions. We also thank Michael Garay, Mike Mishchenko
and other five anonymous reviewers for their suggestions.
NR 43
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 12
BP 2823
EP 2836
DI 10.5194/amt-4-2823-2011
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 867ZD
UT WOS:000298492400015
ER
PT J
AU Mannucci, AJ
Ao, CO
Pi, X
Iijima, BA
AF Mannucci, A. J.
Ao, C. O.
Pi, X.
Iijima, B. A.
TI The impact of large scale ionospheric structure on radio occultation
retrievals
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; REFRACTIVITY
PROFILES; NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; ERROR ANALYSIS;
VALIDATION; CALIBRATION; INVERSION; SOUNDINGS
AB We study the impact of large-scale ionospheric structure on the accuracy of radio occultation (RO) retrievals. We use a climatological model of the ionosphere as well as an ionospheric data assimilation model to compare quiet and geomagnetically disturbed conditions. The presence of ionospheric electron density gradients during disturbed conditions increases the physical separation of the two GPS frequencies as the GPS signal traverses the ionosphere and atmosphere. We analyze this effect in detail using ray-tracing and a full geophysical retrieval system. During quiet conditions, our results are similar to previously published studies. The impact of a major ionospheric storm is analyzed using data from the 30 October 2003 "Halloween" super-storm period. At 40 km altitude, the refractivity bias under disturbed conditions is approximately three times larger than quiet time. These results suggest the need for ionospheric monitoring as part of an RO-based climate observation strategy. We find that even during quiet conditions, the magnitude of retrieval bias depends critically on assumed ionospheric electron density structure, which may explain variations in previously published bias estimates that use a variety of assumptions regarding large scale ionospheric structure. We quantify the impact of spacecraft orbit altitude on the magnitude of bending angle and retrieval error. Satellites in higher altitude orbits (700+ km) tend to have lower residual biases due to the tendency of the residual bending to cancel between the top and bottomside ionosphere. Another factor affecting accuracy is the commonly-used assumption that refractive index is unity at the receiver. We conclude with remarks on the implications of this study for long-term climate monitoring using RO.
C1 [Mannucci, A. J.; Ao, C. O.; Pi, X.; Iijima, B. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Mannucci, AJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 138-308,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM tony.mannucci@jpl.nasa.gov
FU NASA; NASA Earth Science Directorate
FX The research for this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA.
The authors wish to acknowledge support of the NASA Earth Science
Directorate.
NR 40
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 12
BP 2837
EP 2850
DI 10.5194/amt-4-2837-2011
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 867ZD
UT WOS:000298492400016
ER
PT J
AU Bhatia, AK
Landi, E
AF Bhatia, A. K.
Landi, E.
TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Ni XI
SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; R-MATRIX METHOD; FE-IX; EMISSION-LINES;
COLLISIONAL EXCITATION; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; RATE COEFFICIENTS;
ALPHA-CENTAURI; SOLAR SPECTRUM; CROSS-SECTIONS
AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Ni XI. We include in the calculations the 12 lowest configurations, corresponding to 180 fine-structure levels: 3s(2)3p(6), s(2)3p(5)3d, 3s(2)3p(4)3d(2), 3s3p(6)3d, 3s(2)3p(5)4l, and 3s3p(6)4l with l = s, p,d, f. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies for all transitions: 7.45, 17.6, 31.4, 50.1, and 75.2 Ry above the threshold of each transition. An additional energy, very close to the transition threshold, has been added, whose value is between 0.0007 Ry and 0.25 Ry depending on the levels involved. Calculations have been carried out using the Flexible Atomic Code. The scattering problem is solved in the distorted wave approximation. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates of the present work, combined with close coupling collision excitation rate coefficients available in the literature for the lowest 17 levels, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) and at an electron temperature of log T(e) K = 6.1, corresponding to the maximum abundance of Ni XI. Spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANTI database. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Bhatia, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM Landi@nrl.navy.mil
RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011
FU NASA; [NNH06CD24C]; [NNG04ED07P]
FX The work of Enrico Landi is supported by the NNH06CD24C, NNG04ED07P, and
other NASA grants. Calculations were carried out using the Discover
computer of the NASA Center for Computation Science.
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0092-640X
J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA
JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 97
IS 1
BP 50
EP 108
DI 10.1016/j.adt.2010.09.001
PG 59
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA 686EG
UT WOS:000284679000004
ER
PT J
AU Shi, SJ
Platts, SH
Ziegler, MG
Meck, JV
AF Shi, Shang-Jin
Platts, Steven H.
Ziegler, Michael G.
Meck, Janice V.
TI Effects of Promethazine and Midodrine on Orthostatic Tolerance
SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE astronauts; H(1)-receptor antagonist; GABA; sympathetic nervous system;
renin-angiotensir-aldosterone system; upright tilt
ID DURATION SPACEFLIGHT; HISTAMINE; ASTRONAUTS; RENIN; HYPOTENSION;
SECRETION; CATECHOLAMINES; ALDOSTERONE; INTOLERANCE; RELEASE
AB SHI S-J, PLATTS SH, ZIEGLER MG, MECK JV. Effects of promethazine and midodrine on orthostatic tolerance. Aviat Space Environ Med 2011; 82:9-12.
Introduction:Astronauts experience both orthostatic hypotension and space motion sickness during re-entry. Midodrine, an alpha 1-adrenergic agonist, is used to treat orthostatic hypotension. Promethazine, a histamine Hi-receptor antagonist, is prescribed for space motion sickness. Many astronauts need both midodrine and promethazine. This study evaluated the interactive effects of midodrine and promethazine on hemodynamic responses to upright tilt. Methods: Subjects (5 men; 3 women) were studied four times: control (no drug); midodrine only; promethazine only; or midodrine plus promethazine. Hemodynamic parameters, plasma norepinephrine, renin activity, and aldosterone were measured supine and upright. Results: Rates of presyncope were 38% with no drug; 0% with midodrine alone; 100% with promethazine alone; and 63% with both drugs. Supine to upright decreases in systolic pressure were greater with promethazine alone than control (P < 0.01); midodrine (P < 0.05) or both drugs (P < 0.05). Supine to upright increases in plasma norepinephrine, renin activity, and aldosterone all were significantly reduced with promethazine alone compared to control (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.05) and midodrine alone (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). Cardiac output fell more with promethazine alone than with no drug (P < 0.05) or with midodrine plus promethazine (P < 0.05). Discussion: Promethazine significantly increased the incidence of orthostatic hypotension in subjects, even when combined with midodrine. Inhibition of sympathetic responses, likely via enhancement of the inhibitive effects of GABA, by promethazine may underlie the increased orthostatic hypotension. Promethazine also appears to inhibit responses of the renin angiotensisn system during orthostatic challenge.
C1 [Shi, Shang-Jin; Platts, Steven H.; Ziegler, Michael G.; Meck, Janice V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Meck, JV (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code SK, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM janice.v.meck@NASA.gov
FU NASA [NAS9-97005]
FX We are indebted to all volunteers who participated in this study. We
gratefully thank Scott M. Smith for sample analysis. We also thank all
the members of the NASA Johnson Space Center Cardiovascular Laboratory
for their help. This research was supported by NASA grant NAS9-97005 to
JVM.
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA
SN 0095-6562
J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD
JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 1
BP 9
EP 12
DI 10.3357/ASEM.2888.2011
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
Internal; Sport Sciences
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal
Medicine; Sport Sciences
GA 702OH
UT WOS:000285903500003
PM 21235099
ER
PT J
AU Smith, SM
Zwart, SR
McMonigal, KA
Huntoon, CL
AF Smith, Scott M.
Zwart, Sara R.
McMonigal, Kathleen A.
Huntoon, Carolyn L.
TI Thyroid Status of Space Shuttle Crewmembers: Effects of Iodine Removal
SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE thyroid hormones; thyroxine; thyroid stimulating hormone; thyrotropin;
triiodothyronine
ID FLIGHT; ENDOCRINE
AB SMITH SM, ZWART SR, McMONIGAL. KA, HUNTOON CL. Thyroid status of Space Shuttle crewmembers: effects of iodine removal. Aviat Space Environ Med 2011; 82:49-51.
Introduction: Iodine is often used tor water purification and has been used throughout the U.S. space program. Because of concern about potential effects on crewmembers' thyroid function, in 1997 a system was implemented on board the Space Shuttles to remove iodine from water before it was consumed. We report here thyroid hormone data from crews flying before and after this system was implemented. Methods: Blood samples were collected and analyzed for thyroid hormone content during routine medical exams before and after Space Shuttle missions. Data are reported for 224 male and 49 female astronauts (about two-thirds of them before implementation of iodine removal). Results: Serum concentrations of total thyroxine (T4) and the free T4 index were elevated in men after flight and triiodothyronine (T3) was lower after flight, regardless of iodine removal status. T4 was higher, even before flight, in the group of men who flew after iodine removal was implemented. Conversely, T3 was lower in men who flew during that period. Before iodine removal was implemented, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was elevated in male and tended to be elevated in female astronauts, with average increases of 27% and 19% after flight, respectively. After iodine removal was implemented, postflight TSH was not significantly different from preflight values. Discussion: These data provide evidence that crewmembers' increase in serum TSH on landing day after early Shuttle flights resulted from their consumption of iodinated water during spaceflight, because the same increase was not observed after implementation of the iodine removal system.
C1 [Smith, Scott M.; Zwart, Sara R.; McMonigal, Kathleen A.; Huntoon, Carolyn L.] NASA, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, Space Med Div, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Smith, SM (reprint author), NASA, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Div, Space Med Div, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code SK3,101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM scott.m.smith@nasa.gov
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 5
PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA
SN 0095-6562
J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD
JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 1
BP 49
EP 51
DI 10.3357/ASEM.2926.2011
PG 3
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
Internal; Sport Sciences
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal
Medicine; Sport Sciences
GA 702OH
UT WOS:000285903500010
PM 21235106
ER
PT J
AU Wolpert, D
Jamison, J
Newth, D
Harre, M
AF Wolpert, David
Jamison, Julian
Newth, David
Harre, Michael
TI Strategic Choice of Preferences: the Persona Model
SO B E JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE non-rationality; single shot games; Prisoner's Dilemma; Traveler's
Dilemma; schelling; emotions; evolution of preferences
ID INTERDEPENDENT PREFERENCES; EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH; COOPERATION; GAMES;
RECIPROCITY; REPUTATION; ECONOMICS; BEHAVIOR
AB Recent work in several fields has established that humans can adopt binding "behavioral" preferences and convincingly signal those preferences to other humans, either via their behavior or via their body language / tone of voice. In this paper, we model the strategic implications of this ability. Our thesis is that through a person's lifetime they (perhaps subconsciously) learn what such signaled, binding behavioral preferences result in the highest value of their actual preferences, given the resultant behavior of other players. We argue that this "persona" model may explain why many interpersonal preferences have the particular form they do. As an illustration, we use the persona model to explain cooperation in non-repeated versions of the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD). We also provide quantitative predictions to distinguish this explanation of cooperation from simply assuming people have actual preferences biased towards cooperation. In particular, we show that the persona model predicts a "crowding out" phenomenon in the PD, in which introducing incentives to cooperate causes players to stop cooperating instead. We also use the persona model to predict a tradeoff between the robustness of cooperation in the PD and the benefit of that cooperation.
C1 [Wolpert, David] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Wolpert, David] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
[Jamison, Julian] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Harre, Michael] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
RP Wolpert, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM dhw@santafe.edu; julison@gmail.com; david.newth@csiro.au;
mike.harre@gmail.com
RI Newth, David/A-1848-2011
OI Newth, David/0000-0001-6882-7440
NR 57
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 5
PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO
PI BERLIN
PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1935-1704
J9 BE J THEOR ECON
JI B E J. Theor. Econ.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 1
PG 38
WC Economics
SC Business & Economics
GA 814OP
UT WOS:000294466700001
ER
PT S
AU Liao, K
Schneider, RM
Yaniglos, SS
Bertolini, G
Glendinning, P
Sawyer, RN
Reschke, M
Leigh, RJ
AF Liao, Ke
Schneider, Rosalyn M.
Yaniglos, Stacia S.
Bertolini, Giovanni
Glendinning, Paul
Sawyer, Robert N., Jr.
Reschke, Millard
Leigh, R. John
BE Rucker, J
Zee, DS
TI Visual and vestibular determinants of the translational vestibulo-ocular
reflex
SO BASIC AND CLINICAL OCULAR MOTOR AND VESTIBULAR RESEARCH
SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Basic and Clinical Ocular Motor and Vestibular Research
CY MAR 25-27, 2011
CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA
SP Univ Hosp Cleveland, Evenor Armington Fund, Fdn FAPS, Fdn Interacoust
DE locomotion; motion parallax; vergence; smooth pursuit; otoliths; gravity
ID EYE-MOVEMENT RESPONSES; OCULAR REFLEX; VIEWING DISTANCE; MOTION
SICKNESS; TARGET DISTANCE; LINEAR MOTION; NORMAL HUMANS; ACCELERATIONS;
STABILIZATION; ENHANCEMENT
AB Prior studies indicate that the human translational vestibulo-ocular reflex (tVOR) generates eye rotations approximately half the magnitude required to keep the line of sight pointed at a stationary object a compensation ratio (CR) of similar to 0.5. We asked whether changes of visual or vestibular stimuli could increase the CR of tVOR. First, subjects viewed their environment through an optical device that required eye. movements to increase by similar to 50% to maintain fixation of a stationary visual target. During vertical translation, eye movements did increase, but tVOR CR remained at similar to 0.5. Second, subjects viewed through LCD goggles providing 4 Hz strobe vision that minimized retinal image motion; this reduced tVOR CR. Finally, subjects were rotated in roll while they translated vertically; no increase in tVOR occurred. Taken with prior studies, we conclude that tVOR is optimally set to generate eye rotations that are about 50% of those required to stabilize the line of sight.
C1 [Liao, Ke; Schneider, Rosalyn M.; Yaniglos, Stacia S.; Leigh, R. John] Vet Affairs & Case Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA.
[Bertolini, Giovanni] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Neurol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Glendinning, Paul] Univ Manchester, CICADA, Manchester, Lancs, England.
[Glendinning, Paul] Univ Manchester, Dept Math, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Sawyer, Robert N., Jr.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Neurol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
[Reschke, Millard] Johnson Space Ctr, Neurosci Lab, Houston, TX USA.
RP Leigh, RJ (reprint author), Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
EM rjl4@case.edu
RI Bertolini, Giovanni/H-3510-2016
OI Bertolini, Giovanni/0000-0003-2428-9454
FU National Institutes of Health [R01 EY06717]; Department of Veterans
Affairs; Evenor Armington Fund
FX We are grateful to Mark F. Walker for advice and assistance. Supported
by National Institutes of Health grant R01 EY06717, the Department of
Veterans Affairs, and the Evenor Armington Fund (to Dr. Leigh).
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 6
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND
SN 0077-8923
BN 978-1-57331-843-3
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 2011
VL 1233
BP 263
EP 270
DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06148.x
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA BXY20
UT WOS:000297604800035
PM 21951003
ER
PT J
AU Joiner, J
Yoshida, Y
Vasilkov, AP
Yoshida, Y
Corp, LA
Middleton, EM
AF Joiner, J.
Yoshida, Y.
Vasilkov, A. P.
Yoshida, Y.
Corp, L. A.
Middleton, E. M.
TI First observations of global and seasonal terrestrial chlorophyll
fluorescence from space
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT;
SUN-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER;
VEGETATION; LEAF; SUNLIGHT; CO2; SPECTROMETER
AB Remote sensing of terrestrial vegetation fluorescence from space is of interest because it can potentially provide global coverage of the functional status of vegetation. For example, fluorescence observations may provide a means to detect vegetation stress before chlorophyll reductions take place. Although there have been many measurements of fluorescence from ground-and airborne-based instruments, there has been scant information available from satellites. In this work, we use high-spectral resolution data from the Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation - Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) on the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) that is in a sun-synchronous orbit with an equator crossing time near 13:00 LT. We use filling-in of the potassium (K) I solar Fraunhofer line near 770 nm to derive chlorophyll fluorescence and related parameters such as the fluorescence yield at that wavelength. We map these parameters globally for two months (July and December 2009) and show a full seasonal cycle for several different locations, including two in the Amazonia region. We also compare the derived fluorescence information with that provided by the MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). These comparisons show that for several areas these two indices exhibit different seasonality and/or relative intensity variations, and that changes in fluorescence frequently lead those seen in the EVI for those regions. The derived fluorescence therefore provides information that is related to, but independent of the reflectance.
C1 [Joiner, J.; Middleton, E. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Yoshida, Y.; Vasilkov, A. P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Yoshida, Y.] NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Corp, L. A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Joiner, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM joanna.joiner@nasa.gov
RI Joiner, Joanna/D-6264-2012
NR 46
TC 132
Z9 135
U1 10
U2 65
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 3
BP 637
EP 651
DI 10.5194/bg-8-637-2011
PG 15
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 742AU
UT WOS:000288911300007
ER
PT J
AU Yuan, W
Luo, Y
Liang, S
Yu, G
Niu, S
Stoy, P
Chen, J
Desai, AR
Lindroth, A
Gough, CM
Ceulemans, R
Arain, A
Bernhofer, C
Cook, B
Cook, DR
Dragoni, D
Gielen, B
Janssens, IA
Longdoz, B
Liu, H
Lund, M
Matteucci, G
Moors, E
Scott, RL
Seufert, G
Varner, R
AF Yuan, W.
Luo, Y.
Liang, S.
Yu, G.
Niu, S.
Stoy, P.
Chen, J.
Desai, A. R.
Lindroth, A.
Gough, C. M.
Ceulemans, R.
Arain, A.
Bernhofer, C.
Cook, B.
Cook, D. R.
Dragoni, D.
Gielen, B.
Janssens, I. A.
Longdoz, B.
Liu, H.
Lund, M.
Matteucci, G.
Moors, E.
Scott, R. L.
Seufert, G.
Varner, R.
TI Thermal adaptation of net ecosystem exchange
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS; OAK-DOMINATED FOREST;
SCOTS PINE FOREST; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; SOIL RESPIRATION; DECIDUOUS
FOREST; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TEMPERATE FOREST; EUROPEAN FORESTS
AB Thermal adaptation of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration has been well documented over broad thermal gradients. However, no study has examined their interaction as a function of temperature, i.e. the thermal responses of net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE). In this study, we constructed temperature response curves of NEE against temperature using 380 site-years of eddy covariance data at 72 forest, grassland and shrubland ecosystems located at latitudes ranging from similar to 29 degrees N to 64 degrees N. The response curves were used to define two critical temperatures: transition temperature (T-b) at which ecosystem transfer from carbon source to sink and optimal temperature (T-o) at which carbon uptake is maximized. T-b was strongly correlated with annual mean air temperature. T-o was strongly correlated with mean temperature during the net carbon uptake period across the study ecosystems. Our results imply that the net ecosystem exchange of carbon adapts to the temperature across the geographical range due to intrinsic connections between vegetation primary production and ecosystem respiration.
C1 [Yuan, W.; Liang, S.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Yuan, W.; Luo, Y.; Niu, S.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Liang, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Yu, G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Synth Res Ctr Chinese Ecosyst Res Network, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
[Niu, S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.
[Stoy, P.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Chen, J.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA.
[Desai, A. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Lindroth, A.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
[Gough, C. M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA.
[Ceulemans, R.; Gielen, B.; Janssens, I. A.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
[Arain, A.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
[Arain, A.] McMaster Univ, McMaster Ctr Climate Change, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
[Bernhofer, C.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrol & Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany.
[Cook, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Cook, D. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Climate Res Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Dragoni, D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Longdoz, B.] INRA, Ctr Nancy, Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestieres UMR1137, F-54280 Seichamps, France.
[Liu, H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Lund, M.] Aarhus Univ, Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Arctic Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
[Matteucci, G.] Inst Agr & Forestry Syst Mediterranean, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy.
[Moors, E.] Alterra Wageningen UR, ESS CC, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Scott, R. L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Seufert, G.] Joint Res Ctr European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Italy.
[Varner, R.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space & Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
RP Yuan, W (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM wenpingyuancn@yahoo.com
RI li, wenchao/S-5567-2016; Janssens, Ivan/P-1331-2014; Varner,
Ruth/E-5371-2011; Niu, Shuli/E-7550-2011; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009;
Moors, Eddy/J-5165-2012; Lund, Magnus/J-4922-2013; Cook,
Bruce/M-4828-2013; Lindroth, Anders/N-4697-2014; Desai,
Ankur/A-5899-2008; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015; Seufert,
Gunther/J-9918-2013; Matteucci, Giorgio/N-3526-2015; Ceulemans,
Reinhart/F-2109-2016; 于, 贵瑞/C-1768-2014
OI Janssens, Ivan/0000-0002-5705-1787; Arain, M. Altaf/0000-0002-1433-5173;
Varner, Ruth/0000-0002-3571-6629; Moors, Eddy/0000-0003-2309-2887; Lund,
Magnus/0000-0003-1622-2305; Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Lindroth,
Anders/0000-0002-7669-784X; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Seufert,
Gunther/0000-0002-6019-6688; Matteucci, Giorgio/0000-0002-4790-9540;
FU National Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China
[2010CB833504]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,
US National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0444518]; Office of Science,
US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-006ER64317]; Research Center of
Excellence ECO
FX This research was financially supported by National Key Basic Research
and Development Plan of China (2010CB833504), the Fundamental Research
Funds for the Central Universities, US National Science Foundation (NSF)
under DEB 0444518, and the Terrestrial Carbon Program at the Office of
Science, US Department of Energy, Grants No.: DE-FG02-006ER64317.
Research at the University of Antwerp was financially supported by the
Research Center of Excellence ECO. We acknowledge the work of principal
investigators and collaborators in EC sites, who provided the eddy
covariance flux measurements.
NR 89
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 32
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1453
EP 1463
DI 10.5194/bg-8-1453-2011
PG 11
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 781OL
UT WOS:000291942900003
ER
PT J
AU Devaraju, N
Cao, L
Bala, G
Caldeira, K
Nemani, R
AF Devaraju, N.
Cao, L.
Bala, G.
Caldeira, K.
Nemani, R.
TI A model investigation of vegetation-atmosphere interactions on a
millennial timescale
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; PRESENT-DAY CLIMATE; CARBON BALANCE; SCALE
DEFORESTATION; BIOSPHERE MODEL; SYSTEM; IMPACTS; STABILITY; CO2;
FEEDBACKS
AB A terrestrial biosphere model with dynamic vegetation capability, Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS2), coupled to the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM2) is used to investigate the multiple climate-forest equilibrium states of the climate system. A 1000-year control simulation and another 1000-year land cover change simulation that consisted of global deforestation for 100 years followed by re-growth of forests for the subsequent 900 years were performed. After several centuries of interactive climate-vegetation dynamics, the land cover change simulation converged to essentially the same climate state as the control simulation. However, the climate system takes about a millennium to reach the control forest state. In the absence of deep ocean feedbacks in our model, the millennial time scale for converging to the original climate state is dictated by long time scales of the vegetation dynamics in the northern high latitudes. Our idealized modeling study suggests that the equilibrium state reached after complete global deforestation followed by re-growth of forests is unlikely to be distinguishable from the control climate. The real world, however, could have multiple climate-forest states since our modeling study is unlikely to have represented all the essential ecological processes (e. g. altered fire regimes, seed sources and seedling establishment dynamics) for the reestablishment of major biomes.
C1 [Devaraju, N.; Bala, G.] Indian Inst Sci, Divecha Ctr Climate Change, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India.
[Devaraju, N.; Bala, G.] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India.
[Cao, L.; Caldeira, K.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Nemani, R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Devaraju, N (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Divecha Ctr Climate Change, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India.
EM dev@caos.iisc.ernet.in
RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Narayanappa, Devaraju/L-9081-2014;
OI Devaraju, Narayanappa/0000-0001-8471-3961
FU Divecha Center for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science
FX Financial support for N. Devaraju was provided by the Divecha Center for
Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science. Suggestions and comments by
the two anonymous reviewers helped us to improve the manuscript
substantially.
NR 38
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 12
BP 3677
EP 3686
DI 10.5194/bg-8-3677-2011
PG 10
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 869EZ
UT WOS:000298580900013
ER
PT S
AU Chang, RC
Emami, K
Jeevarajan, A
Wu, HL
Sun, W
AF Chang, Robert C.
Emami, Kamal
Jeevarajan, Antony
Wu, Honglu
Sun, Wei
BE Khademhosseini, A
Suh, KY
Zourob, M
TI Microprinting of Liver Micro-organ for Drug Metabolism Study
SO BIOLOGICAL MICROARRAYS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
SE Methods in Molecular Biology
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Microfluidics; Cell printing; Tissue engineering; Solid freeform
fabrication; Hydrogels; Pharmacokinetics
ID CELL-CULTURE ANALOG; NAPHTHALENE TOXICITY; PEPTIDE SCAFFOLDS;
PROTEOLYSIS; BIOREACTOR; MIGRATION; BLOCKING; MODELS; CHIPS
AB In their normal in vivo matrix milieu, tissues assume complex well-organized 3D architectures. Therefore, a primary aim in the tissue engineering design process is to fabricate an optimal analog of the in vivo scenario, in which the precise configuration and composition of cells and bioactive matrix components can establish the well-defined biomimetic microenvironments that promote cell cell and cell matrix interactions. With the advent and refinements in microfabricated systems which can present physical and chemical cues to cells in a controllable and reproducible Fashion unrealizable with conventional tissue culture, high-fidelity, high-throughput in vitro models are achieved. The convergence of solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technologies, namely microprinting, along with microfabrication techniques, a 3D microprinted Micro-organ, can serve as an in vitro platform for cell culture, drug screening, or to elicit further biological insights. This chapter firstly details the principles, methods, and applications that undergird the fabrication process development and adaptation of microfluidic devices for the creation of a drug screening model. This model involves the combinatorial setup of an automated syringe-based, layered direct cell writing microprinting process with soft lithographic micropatterning techniques to fabricate a microscale in vitro device housing a chamber of microprinted 3D micro-organ that biomimics the cell's natural microenvironment for enhanced performance and functionality. In order to assess the structural formability and biological feasibility of such a micro-organ, 3D cell-encapsulated hydrogel-based tissue constructs are microprinted reproducibly in defined design patterns and biologically characterized for both viability and cell-specific function. Another key fleet of the in vivo microenvironment that is recapitulated with the in vitro system is the necessary dynamic perfusion of the 3D microscale liver analog with cells probed for their collective drug metabolic function and suitability as a drug metabolism model.
C1 [Chang, Robert C.; Sun, Wei] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Emami, Kamal; Jeevarajan, Antony; Wu, Honglu] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Radiat Phys Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Chang, RC (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
NR 30
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 11
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA
SN 1064-3745
BN 978-1-934115-95-4
J9 METHODS MOL BIOL
JI Methods Mol. Biol.
PY 2011
VL 671
BP 219
EP 238
DI 10.1007/978-1-59745-551-0_13
D2 10.1007/978-1-59745-551-0
PG 20
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA BSA51
UT WOS:000284031200013
PM 20967633
ER
PT J
AU Nelson, ES
AF Nelson, Emily S.
BE FazelRezai, R
TI Design Principles for Microfluidic Biomedical Diagnostics in Space
SO BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - FROM THEORY TO APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID INDUCED PLATELET ACTIVATION; BLOOD-PLASMA SEPARATION;
VON-WILLEBRAND-FACTOR; WHOLE-BLOOD; LATEST DEVELOPMENTS;
SELF-ASSOCIATION; ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; CELL-SEPARATION; CONTINUOUS-FLOW;
DEVICE
C1 [Nelson, Emily S.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Nelson, ES (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
NR 104
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU INTECH EUROPE
PI RIJEKA
PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA
BN 978-953-307-637-9
PY 2011
BP 131
EP 156
PG 26
WC Engineering, Biomedical
SC Engineering
GA BF9QW
UT WOS:000385803100007
ER
PT J
AU Biffinger, JC
Fitzgerald, LA
Ray, R
Little, BJ
Lizewski, SE
Petersen, ER
Ringeisen, BR
Sanders, WC
Sheehan, PE
Pietron, JJ
Baldwin, JW
Nadeau, LJ
Johnson, GR
Ribbens, M
Finkel, SE
Nealson, KH
AF Biffinger, Justin C.
Fitzgerald, Lisa A.
Ray, Ricky
Little, Brenda J.
Lizewski, Stephen E.
Petersen, Emily R.
Ringeisen, Bradley R.
Sanders, Wesley C.
Sheehan, Paul E.
Pietron, Jeremy J.
Baldwin, Jeffrey W.
Nadeau, Lloyd J.
Johnson, Glenn R.
Ribbens, Meghann
Finkel, Steven E.
Nealson, Kenneth H.
TI The utility of Shewanella japonica for microbial fuel cells
SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Microbial fuel cell; Shewanella; Sucrose; Mediators; Carbohydrate
ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION; ONEIDENSIS
MR-1; BIOFILM; REDUCTION; MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIA; FLAVINS; SYSTEMS;
GROWTH
AB Shewanella-containing microbial fuel cells (MFCs) typically use the fresh water wild-type strain Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 due to its metabolic diversity and facultative oxidant tolerance. However. S. oneidensis MR-1 is not capable of metabolizing polysaccharides for extracellular electron transfer. The applicability of Shewanella japonica (an agar-lytic Shewanella strain) for power applications was analyzed using a diverse array of carbon sources for current generation from MFCs, cellular physiological responses at an electrode surface, biofilm formation, and the presence of soluble extracellular mediators for electron transfer to carbon electrodes. Critically, air-exposed S. japonica utilizes biosynthesized extracellular mediators for electron transfer to carbon electrodes with sucrose as the sole carbon source. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Lizewski, Stephen E.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.; Sanders, Wesley C.; Sheehan, Paul E.; Pietron, Jeremy J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Ray, Ricky; Little, Brenda J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
[Petersen, Emily R.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA.
[Baldwin, Jeffrey W.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Microbiol & Appl Biochem Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA.
[Ribbens, Meghann; Finkel, Steven E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Mol & Computat Biol Sect, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
[Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
RP Biffinger, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil
RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010
OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124
FU Office of Naval Research [62123 N, 61153 N]; Air Force Office of
Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0292]; US Air Force Research
Laboratory, Materials Science Directorate (AFRL-RX)
FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (NRL 6.2 Program
Element Number 62123 N), NRL Program Element Number 61153 N, the Air
Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI program, Award No.
FA9550-06-1-0292) and the AFRL research was funded by the US Air Force
Research Laboratory, Materials Science Directorate (AFRL-RX).
NR 38
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 3
U2 32
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0960-8524
J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL
JI Bioresour. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 102
IS 1
SI SI
BP 290
EP 297
DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.078
PG 8
WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy &
Fuels
SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels
GA 699IY
UT WOS:000285658300039
PM 20663660
ER
PT J
AU Gregoire, TG
Stahl, G
Naesset, E
Gobakken, T
Nelson, R
Holm, S
AF Gregoire, Timothy G.
Stahl, Goran
Naesset, Erik
Gobakken, Terje
Nelson, Ross
Holm, Soren
TI Model-assisted estimation of biomass in a LiDAR sample survey in Hedmark
County, Norway
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE
FORESTIERE
LA English
DT Article
ID AIRBORNE SCANNING LASER; FOREST INVENTORY; ACCURACY
AB Inasmuch as LiDAR is becoming an increasingly prominent tool for forest inventory, it is timely to develop a framework to understand the statistical properties of LiDAR-based estimates. A model-assisted approach to estimation and inference when using LiDAR as a tool to inventory aboveground forest biomass is presented. An empirical example is also presented, yet the article's focus is largely methodological. The sampling plan in the example is viewed as a two-stage design, with slightly different primary sampling units between the profiling and scanning laser surveys. A regression estimator is presented that uses biomass data from the Norwegian National Forest Inventory as the response variable and laser-derived variables as covariates. A major thrust of this article is the presentation of the variance of the estimators of total biomass and biomass per hectare as well as variance estimators.
C1 [Gregoire, Timothy G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
[Stahl, Goran; Holm, Soren] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management & Geomat, S-90183 Umea, Sweden.
[Naesset, Erik; Gobakken, Terje] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, NO-1432 As, Norway.
[Nelson, Ross] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch 614 4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Gregoire, TG (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 360 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
EM timothy.gregoire@yale.edu
FU Research Council of Norway [166482/i10]
FX This research was funded by the Research Council of Norway (project No.
166482/i10). The authors are grateful to the Norwegian National Forest
Inventory program, which made the empirical part of this study possible
by giving access to the NFI field plots in Hedmark County. We also wish
to acknowledge the efforts made by Blom Geomatics, Norway, for acquiring
the laser scanner data and flying the profiling LiDAR instrument
operated by one of the coauthors (Dr. Ross Nelson). Finally, we wish to
thank our good colleague, Dr. Ole Martin Bollandsas (Norwegian
University of Life Sciences), for coordinating much of the efforts to
accurately geolocate the field data through a network of continuously
operated GPS/GLONASS reference stations.
NR 19
TC 65
Z9 66
U1 3
U2 20
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0045-5067
J9 CAN J FOREST RES
JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 1
BP 83
EP 95
DI 10.1139/X10-195
PG 13
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 709YE
UT WOS:000286476500008
ER
PT J
AU Stahl, G
Holm, S
Gregoire, TG
Gobakken, T
Naesset, E
Nelson, R
AF Stahl, Goran
Holm, Soren
Gregoire, Timothy G.
Gobakken, Terje
Naesset, Erik
Nelson, Ross
TI Model-based inference for biomass estimation in a LiDAR sample survey in
Hedmark County, Norway
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE
FORESTIERE
LA English
DT Article
ID LASER SCANNER DATA; FOREST STAND CHARACTERISTICS; AIRBORNE LASER;
INVENTORY; ACCURACY; VOLUME; ERRORS
AB In forest inventories, regression models are often applied to predict quantities such as biomass at the level of sampling units. In this paper, we propose a model-based inference framework for combining sampling and model errors in the variance estimation. It was applied to airborne laser (LiDAR) data sets from Hedmark County, Norway, where the model error proportion of the total variance was found to be large for both scanning (airborne laser scanning) and profiling LiDAR when biomass was estimated. With profiling LiDAR, the model error variance component for the entire county was as large as 71% whereas for airborne laser scanning, it was 43% of the total variance. Partly, this reflects the better accuracy of the pixel-based regression models estimated from scanner data as compared with the models estimated from profiler data. The framework proposed in our study can be applied in all types of sample surveys where model-based predictions are made at the level of individual sampling units. Especially, it should be useful in cases where model-assisted inference cannot be applied due to the lack of a probability sample from the target population or due to problems of correctly matching observations of auxiliary and target variables.
C1 [Stahl, Goran; Holm, Soren] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden.
[Gregoire, Timothy G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
[Nelson, Ross] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch 614 4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Gobakken, Terje; Naesset, Erik] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, NO-1432 As, Norway.
RP Stahl, G (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden.
EM Goran.Stahl@srh.slu.se
NR 34
TC 71
Z9 71
U1 2
U2 24
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0045-5067
J9 CAN J FOREST RES
JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 1
BP 96
EP 107
DI 10.1139/X10-161
PG 12
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 709YE
UT WOS:000286476500009
ER
PT J
AU Crichton, DJ
Mattmann, CA
Thornquist, M
Anton, K
Hughes, JS
AF Crichton, Daniel J.
Mattmann, Chris A.
Thornquist, Mark
Anton, Kristen
Hughes, J. Steven
TI Bioinformatics: Biomarkers of early detection
SO CANCER BIOMARKERS
LA English
DT Article
DE EDRN knowledge environment; data intensive systems; biomarker research;
informatics infrastructure; e-science; metadata; data curation; data
sharing; biomarker database; Data Grid
ID NETWORK; ARCHITECTURE
AB Capturing, sharing, and publishing cancer biomarker research data are all fundamental challenges of enabling new opportunities to research and understand scientific data. Informatics experts from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) have pioneered a principled informatics infrastructure to capture and disseminate data from biomarker validation studies, in effect, providing a national-scale, real-world successful example of how to address these challenges. EDRN is a distributed, collaborative network and it requires its infrastructure to support research across cancer research institutions and across their individual laboratories. The EDRN informatics infrastructure is also referred to as the EDRN Knowledge Environment, or EKE. EKE connects information about biomarkers, studies, specimens and resulting scientific data, allowing users to search, download and compare each of these disparate sources of cancer research information. EKE's data is enriched by providing annotations that describe the research results (biomarkers, protocols, studies) and that link the research results to the captured information within EDRN (raw instrument datasets, specimens, etc.). In addition EKE provides external links to public resources related to the research results and captured data. EKE has leveraged and reused data management software technologies originally developed for planetary and earth science research results and has infused those capabilities into biomarker research. This paper will describe the EDRN Knowledge Environment, its deployment to the EDRN enterprise, and how a number of these challenges have been addressed through the capture and curation of biomarker data results.
C1 [Crichton, Daniel J.; Mattmann, Chris A.; Hughes, J. Steven] NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Thornquist, Mark] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.
[Anton, Kristen] Dartmouth Med Sch, Lebanon, NH USA.
RP Crichton, DJ (reprint author), 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 301-320, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Dan.Crichton@jpl.nasa.gov
FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX This effort was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, managed by
the California Institute of Technology under a contract with the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors would like to
thank Donald Johnsey, Christos Patriotis, and Sudhir Srivastava and the
NCI leadership as a whole for their collaborative support in curation of
data within the EDRN.
NR 42
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 6
PU IOS PRESS
PI AMSTERDAM
PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-0153
J9 CANCER BIOMARK
JI Cancer Biomark.
PY 2011
VL 9
IS 1-6
BP 511
EP 530
DI 10.3233/CBM-2011-0180
PG 20
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 856ZB
UT WOS:000297682300028
PM 22112493
ER
PT J
AU Preciado-Flores, S
Wheeler, DA
Tran, TM
Tanaka, Z
Jiang, CY
Barboza-Flores, M
Qian, F
Li, Y
Chen, B
Zhang, JZ
AF Preciado-Flores, Sandra
Wheeler, Damon A.
Tuan Minh Tran
Tanaka, Zuki
Jiang, Chaoyang
Barboza-Flores, Marcelino
Qian, Fang
Li, Yat
Chen, Bin
Zhang, Jin Z.
TI SERS spectroscopy and SERS imaging of Shewanella oneidensis using silver
nanoparticles and nanowires
SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; MARINE-BACTERIA; SCATTERING; DISCRIMINATION;
STABILITY; SUBSTRATE; NOV
AB Facile and reproducible SERS signals from Shewanella oneidensis were obtained utilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs). Additionally, SERS images identify the distribution of SERS hot-spots. One important observation is the synergistically enhanced SERS signal when AgNPs and AgNWs are used in conjunction, due to constructively enhanced electromagnetic field.
C1 [Tuan Minh Tran; Tanaka, Zuki; Chen, Bin] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Studies Labs, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Preciado-Flores, Sandra; Wheeler, Damon A.; Qian, Fang; Li, Yat; Zhang, Jin Z.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Tuan Minh Tran] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Tanaka, Zuki] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Jiang, Chaoyang] Univ S Dakota, Dept Chem, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA.
[Barboza-Flores, Marcelino] Univ Sonora, Ctr Invest Fis, Hermosillo 83190, Sonora, Mexico.
RP Chen, B (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Studies Labs, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Bin.Chen-1@nasa.gov; zhang@ucsc.edu
RI Jiang, Chaoyang/E-4925-2010; Zong, Xu/B-7149-2013;
OI Li, Yat/0000-0002-8058-2084
FU National Science Foundation; CONACyT (Mexico); W. M. Keck Center; NASA
[NNX10AN34A]; NSF [CBET 1034222]; University of California, Santa Cruz
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (JZZ). SPF
acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship grant from CONACyT (Mexico). DW
was partially supported by W. M. Keck Center for Nano- and Optofluidics
through a QB3 Fellowship. C. J. thanks a partial support from NASA under
Cooperative Agreement NNX10AN34A. B.C. acknowledges NASA from NASA SMD
PPR grant support. NASA student research fellowship programs for ZT
(graduate) and TT (undergraduate) are greatly appreciated. YL and FQ
acknowledge the financial support of this work in part by NSF (CBET
1034222) and faculty research funds granted by the University of
California, Santa Cruz.
NR 31
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 2
U2 41
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-7345
J9 CHEM COMMUN
JI Chem. Commun.
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 14
BP 4129
EP 4131
DI 10.1039/c0cc05517d
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 738AA
UT WOS:000288610500020
PM 21380475
ER
PT B
AU Ray, RD
Egbert, GD
Erofeeva, SY
AF Ray, R. D.
Egbert, G. D.
Erofeeva, S. Y.
BE Vignudelli, S
Kostianoy, AG
Cipollini, P
Benveniste, J
TI Tide Predictions in Shelf and Coastal Waters: Status and Prospects
SO COASTAL ALTIMETRY
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SEA-SURFACE ELEVATION; OCEAN TIDES; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE
ALTIMETRY; NORTH-SEA; M-2 TIDE; MODELS; RANGE; STRATIFICATION;
ASSIMILATION
C1 [Ray, R. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Egbert, G. D.; Erofeeva, S. Y.] Oregon State Univ, COAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Ray, RD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM richard.ray@nasa.gov
OI Egbert, Gary/0000-0003-1276-8538
NR 70
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-642-12795-3
PY 2011
BP 191
EP 216
DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12796-0_8
D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12796-0
PG 26
WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing
SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing
GA BTY27
UT WOS:000288421900008
ER
PT J
AU Young, AP
Knysh, S
Smelyanskiy, VN
AF Young, A. P.
Knysh, S.
Smelyanskiy, V. N.
TI The complexity of the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm
SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Complexity; Quantum; Algorithm
AB The Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm has been proposed as a general purpose algorithm for solving hard optimization problems on a quantum computer Early work on very small sizes indicated that the running time (complexity) only increased as a (quite small) power of the problem size N We report results of Quantum Monte Carlo simulations using parallel tempering with which we determine the minimum energy gap (and hence get information the complexity) for much bigger sizes than was possible before The aim is to see if there is a "crossover" to exponential complexity at large N We present data for the typical (median) complexity as a function of N which indicate a crossover to a first order transition at large sizes This implies that the complexity is exponential at large N at least for the problem studied (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved
C1 [Young, A. P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Knysh, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Young, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
FU National Security Agency (NSA) under Army Research Office (ARO)
[W911NF-09-1-0391]; National Security Agency s Laboratory of Physics
Sciences; NASA Ames NAS Supercomputing Center
FX The work of A P Y is supported by the National Security Agency (NSA)
under Army Research Office (ARO) contract number W911NF-09-1-0391 The
work of S K and V N S is supported by National Security Agency s
Laboratory of Physics Sciences and the NASA Ames NAS Supercomputing
Center
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0010-4655
J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN
JI Comput. Phys. Commun.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 182
IS 1
BP 27
EP 28
DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2010.06.001
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical
SC Computer Science; Physics
GA 691YY
UT WOS:000285119900009
ER
PT J
AU Rivera-Monroy, VH
Twilley, RR
Davis, SE
Childers, DL
Simard, M
Chambers, R
Jaffe, R
Boyer, JN
Rudnick, DT
Zhang, K
Castaneda-Moya, E
Ewe, SML
Price, RM
Coronado-Molina, C
Ross, M
Smith, TJ
Michot, B
Meselhe, E
Nuttle, W
Troxler, TG
Noe, GB
AF Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.
Twilley, Robert R.
Davis, Stephen E., III
Childers, Daniel L.
Simard, Marc
Chambers, Randolph
Jaffe, Rudolf
Boyer, Joseph N.
Rudnick, David T.
Zhang, Keqi
Castaneda-Moya, Edward
Ewe, Sharon M. L.
Price, Rene M.
Coronado-Molina, Carlos
Ross, Michael
Smith, Thomas J., III
Michot, Beatrice
Meselhe, Ehab
Nuttle, William
Troxler, Tiffany G.
Noe, Gregory B.
TI The Role of the Everglades Mangrove Ecotone Region (EMER) in Regulating
Nutrient Cycling and Wetland Productivity in South Florida
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE mangrove; phosphorus; nitrogen; carbon; Florida Bay; soil
biogeochemistry; water quality
ID RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE L.; SHARK RIVER ESTUARY; WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION;
SEA-LEVEL RISE; COASTAL EVERGLADES; ORGANIC-CARBON; PHOSPHORUS
LIMITATION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; LIGHTNING STRIKES; SIMULATION-MODEL
AB The authors summarize the main findings of the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) program in the EMER, within the context of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), to understand how regional processes, mediated by water flow, control population and ecosystem dynamics across the EMER landscape. Tree canopies with maximum height 3 m cover 49% of the EMER, particularly in the SE region. These scrub/dwarf mangroves are the result of a combination of low soil phosphorus (P 59 g P g dw-1) in the calcareous marl substrate and long hydroperiod. Phosphorus limits the EMER and its freshwater watersheds due to the lack of terrigenous sediment input and the phosphorus-limited nature of the freshwater Everglades. Reduced freshwater delivery over the past 50years, combined with Everglades compartmentalization and a 10 cm rise in coastal sea level, has led to the landward transgression (1.5 km in 54 years) of the mangrove ecotone. Seasonal variation in freshwater input strongly controls the temporal variation of nitrogen and P exports (99%) from the Everglades to Florida Bay. Rapid changes in nutrient availability and vegetation distribution during the last 50years show that future ecosystem restoration actions and land use decisions can exert a major influence, similar to sea level rise over the short term, on nutrient cycling and wetland productivity in the EMER.
C1 [Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.; Twilley, Robert R.; Castaneda-Moya, Edward] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Davis, Stephen E., III] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Childers, Daniel L.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Childers, Daniel L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Simard, Marc] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Chambers, Randolph] Coll William & Mary, Keck Environm Lab, Williamsburg, VA USA.
[Jaffe, Rudolf; Boyer, Joseph N.; Ewe, Sharon M. L.; Price, Rene M.; Ross, Michael; Troxler, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Jaffe, Rudolf; Boyer, Joseph N.; Ewe, Sharon M. L.; Price, Rene M.; Ross, Michael; Troxler, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Rudnick, David T.; Coronado-Molina, Carlos] S Florida Water Management Dist, Wetland Watershed Sci Div, W Palm Beach, FL USA.
[Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies Earth, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Environm & Int Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, Florida SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA.
[Michot, Beatrice; Meselhe, Ehab] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Ctr Louisiana Inland Water Studies, Lafayette, LA USA.
[Nuttle, William] 1Ecohydrol, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
[Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
RP Rivera-Monroy, VH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, 3209 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM vhrivera@lsu.edu
RI Rivera-Monroy, Victor/G-7329-2011; Simard, Marc/H-3516-2013;
OI Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562; Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646
FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0620409, DEB-9910514]; NOAA
[NA06NOS4780099]; South Florida Water Management District [4500012650];
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX Preparation of this material is based on work supported by the National
Science Foundation under Grant No. DBI-0620409 and Grant No.
DEB-9910514. Additional funding was provided by NOAA (LSU/Award No.
NA06NOS4780099), the South Florida Water Management District (LSU/PO No.
4500012650). Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration LCLUC Program. The
authors are indebted to numerous Everglades National Park rangers,
technicians, and researchers who have supported their research
activities over the years. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or
recommendations expressed in the material are those of the authors and
do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
This contribution No. 504 of the Southern Environmental Research Center
at Florida International University.
NR 123
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 4
U2 71
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1064-3389
J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC
JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol.
PY 2011
VL 41
SU 1
BP 633
EP 669
AR PII 933734560
DI 10.1080/10643389.2010.530907
PG 37
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 723GG
UT WOS:000287494000023
ER
PT B
AU Hillel, D
Rosenzweig, C
AF Hillel, Daniel
Rosenzweig, Cynthia
BE Yadav, SS
Redden, RJ
Hatfield, JL
LotzeCampen, H
Hall, AE
TI Crop Adaptation to Climate Change Foreword
SO CROP ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Hillel, Daniel; Rosenzweig, Cynthia] Columbia Univ, NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Hillel, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-470-96089-9; 978-0-8138-2016-3
PY 2011
BP XX
EP XXI
D2 10.1002/9780470960929
PG 2
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA BA8DM
UT WOS:000338009900001
ER
PT J
AU Bindschadler, R
Choi, H
Wichlacz, A
Bingham, R
Bohlander, J
Brunt, K
Corr, H
Drews, R
Fricker, H
Hall, M
Hindmarsh, R
Kohler, J
Padman, L
Rack, W
Rotschky, G
Urbini, S
Vornberger, P
Young, N
AF Bindschadler, R.
Choi, H.
Wichlacz, A.
Bingham, R.
Bohlander, J.
Brunt, K.
Corr, H.
Drews, R.
Fricker, H.
Hall, M.
Hindmarsh, R.
Kohler, J.
Padman, L.
Rack, W.
Rotschky, G.
Urbini, S.
Vornberger, P.
Young, N.
TI Getting around Antarctica: new high-resolution mappings of the grounded
and freely-floating boundaries of the Antarctic ice sheet created for
the International Polar Year
SO CRYOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID STICK-SLIP MOTION; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; LASER ALTIMETRY; STREAM; SHELF;
ZONE; GREENLAND; MARGINS; BENEATH; MOUTH
AB Two ice-dynamic transitions of the Antarctic ice sheet - the boundary of grounded ice features and the freely-floating boundary - are mapped at 15-m resolution by participants of the International Polar Year project ASAID using customized software combining Landsat-7 imagery and ICESat/GLAS laser altimetry. The grounded ice boundary is 53 610 km long; 74% abuts to floating ice shelves or outlet glaciers, 19% is adjacent to open or sea-ice covered ocean, and 7% of the boundary ice terminates on land. The freely-floating boundary, called here the hydrostatic line, is the most landward position on ice shelves that expresses the full amplitude of oscillating ocean tides. It extends 27 521 km and is discontinuous. Positional (one-sigma) accuracies of the grounded ice boundary vary an order of magnitude ranging from +/-52 m for the land and open-ocean terminating segments to +/-502 m for the outlet glaciers. The hydrostatic line is less well positioned with errors over 2 km. Elevations along each line are selected from 6 candidate digital elevation models based on their agreement with ICESat elevation values and surface shape inferred from the Landsat imagery. Elevations along the hydrostatic line are converted to ice thicknesses by applying a firn-correction factor and a flotation criterion. BEDMAP-compiled data and other airborne data are compared to the ASAID elevations and ice thicknesses to arrive at quantitative (one-sigma) uncertainties of surface elevations of +/-3.6, +/-9.6, +/-11.4, +/-30 and +/-100 m for five ASAID-assigned confidence levels. Over one-half of the surface elevations along the grounded ice boundary and over one-third of the hydrostatic line elevations are ranked in the highest two confidence categories. A comparison between ASAID-calculated ice shelf thicknesses and BEDMAP-compiled data indicate a thin-ice bias of 41.2+/-71.3m for the ASAID ice thicknesses. The relationship between the seaward offset of the hydrostatic line from the grounded ice boundary only weakly matches a prediction based on beam theory. The mapped products along with the customized software to generate them and a variety of intermediate products are available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center.
C1 [Bindschadler, R.; Choi, H.; Wichlacz, A.; Vornberger, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Bingham, R.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, Scotland.
[Bohlander, J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Corr, H.; Hindmarsh, R.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
[Drews, R.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Fricker, H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Hall, M.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
[Kohler, J.; Rotschky, G.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
[Padman, L.] Earth & Space Res ESR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
[Rack, W.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
[Urbini, S.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy.
[Young, N.] Univ Tasmania, Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia.
RP Bindschadler, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Code 614-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM robert.a.bindschadler@nasa.gov
RI Hindmarsh, Richard/C-1405-2012
OI Hindmarsh, Richard/0000-0003-1633-2416
FU NASA [509496.02.08.01.81]
FX A project of this magnitude and complexity could not have been
accomplished without extensive contributions from many people, some of
whom do not appear as authors on this paper. Funding support for the
central work was provided through NASA grant 509496.02.08.01.81. Other
domestic and international participants have been supported by other
funding and we thank the British Antarctic Survey for adding flights
specifically for ASAID to an already packed field schedule. Michiel van
den Broeke was extremely gracious for providing his work on firn
correction values. Two anonymous reviewers contributed persuasive
criticisms of an earlier draft that led to the extensive use of
BEDMAP-compiled data and greatly improved the quantitative assessment of
the ASAID products' accuracies.
NR 35
TC 63
Z9 64
U1 0
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1994-0416
J9 CRYOSPHERE
JI Cryosphere
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 3
BP 569
EP 588
DI 10.5194/tc-5-569-2011
PG 20
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 826TO
UT WOS:000295377900005
ER
PT S
AU Liu, K
Chattopadhyay, A
Arnold, SM
AF Liu, Kuang
Chattopadhyay, Aditi
Arnold, Steven M.
BE Kriven, WM
Gyekenyesi, AL
Wang, J
TI IMPACT OF MATERIAL AND ARCHITECTURE MODEL PARAMETERS ON THE FAILURE OF
WOVEN CMCS VIA THE MULTISCALE GENERALIZED METHOD OF CELLS
SO DEVELOPMENTS IN STRATEGIC MATERIALS AND COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN II
SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 35th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and
Composites
CY JAN 23-28, 2011
CL Daytona Beach, FL
SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div, Amer Ceram Soc
ID MICROMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; COMPOSITES
AB It is well known that failure of a material is a locally driven event. In the case of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), significant variations in the microstructure of the composite exist and their significance on both deformation and life response need to be assessed. Examples of these variations include changes in the fiber tow shape, void content within tows, tow shifting/nesting and voids within and between tows. In the present work, the effects of many of these architectural parameters and material scatter of woven ceramic composite properties at the macroscale (woven RUC) will be studied to assess their sensitivity. The recently developed Multiscale Generalized Method of Cells methodology is used to determine the overall deformation response, proportional elastic limit (first matrix cracking), and failure under tensile loading conditions. The macroscale responses investigated illustrate the effect of architectural and material parameters on a single RUC representing a five harness satin weave fabric. Results shows that the most critical architectural parameter is the weave void content with other parameters being less in severity. Variation of the matrix material properties was also studied to illustrate the influence of the material variability on the overall features of the composite stress-strain response.
C1 [Liu, Kuang; Chattopadhyay, Aditi] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Arnold, Steven M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Liu, K (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA
SN 0196-6219
BN 978-1-118-09539-3; 978-1-118-17237-7
J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC
PY 2011
VL 32
BP 175
EP 192
PG 18
WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites
SC Materials Science
GA BG7ZT
UT WOS:000392129100017
ER
PT B
AU Kohli, R
AF Kohli, Rajiv
BE Kohli, R
Mittal, KL
TI Non-Aqueous Interior Surface Cleaning Using Projectiles
SO DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE CONTAMINATION AND CLEANING, VOL 3: METHODS FOR
REMOVAL OF PARTICLE CONTAMINANTS
SE Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; PURIFICATION
C1 NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Aerosp Corp, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Kohli, R (reprint author), NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Aerosp Corp, 2525 Bay Area Blvd,Suite 600, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 76
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC
PI NORWICH
PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA
BN 978-1-4377-7886-1; 978-1-4377-7885-4
J9 DEV SURF CONTAM CL
PY 2011
VL 3
BP 123
EP 147
PG 25
WC Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics;
Physics
GA BEM10
UT WOS:000317295000005
ER
PT B
AU Kohli, R
AF Kohli, Rajiv
BE Kohli, R
Mittal, KL
TI Alternate Semi-Aqueous Precision Cleaning Techniques: Steam Cleaning and
Supersonic Gas/Liquid Cleaning Systems
SO DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE CONTAMINATION AND CLEANING, VOL 3: METHODS FOR
REMOVAL OF PARTICLE CONTAMINANTS
SE Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID WATER
C1 NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Aerosp Corp, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Kohli, R (reprint author), NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Aerosp Corp, 2525 Bay Area Blvd,Suite 600, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
NR 122
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC
PI NORWICH
PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA
BN 978-1-4377-7886-1; 978-1-4377-7885-4
J9 DEV SURF CONTAM CL
PY 2011
VL 3
BP 201
EP 237
PG 37
WC Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics;
Physics
GA BEM10
UT WOS:000317295000007
ER
PT S
AU Bellan, J
AF Bellan, Josette
BE Kuerten, H
Geurts, B
Armenio, V
Frohlich, J
TI Direct and Large Eddy Simulation of Two-Phase Flows with Evaporation
SO DIRECT AND LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION VIII
SE ERCOFTAC Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th Workshop on Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation
CY JUL 07-09, 2010
CL Eindhoven Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS
SP Eindhoven Univ Technol, Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Universiteitsfonds Eindhoven, Netherlands Org Sci Res
HO Eindhoven Univ, Dept Mech Engn
ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MIXING LAYER LADEN; TURBULENCE; PARTICLES;
DROPS
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Bellan, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Josette.Bellan@jp1.nasa.gov
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1382-4309
BN 978-94-007-2481-5
J9 ERCOFTAC SER
PY 2011
VL 15
BP 151
EP 164
DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2482-2_25
PG 14
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Mechanics
GA BGI40
UT WOS:000323091800025
ER
PT S
AU Arthur, JJ
Prinzel, LJ
Williams, SP
Bailey, RE
Shelton, KJ
Norman, RM
AF Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J., III
Prinzel, Lawrence J., III
Williams, Steven P.
Bailey, Randall E.
Shelton, Kevin J.
Norman, R. Mike
BE Thomas, JT
Desjardins, DD
Guell, JJ
Bernier, KL
TI Enhanced/synthetic vision and head-worn display technologies for
terminal maneuvering area NextGen operations
SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND
AVIONICS V AND ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2011
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Display Technologies and Applications for Defense,
Security, and Avionics V/Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2011
CY APR 25-26, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE Head-worn display; Synthetic Vision; Enhanced Vision; NextGen;
Equivalent Visual Operations; Flight Simulation
AB NASA is researching innovative technologies for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) to provide a "Better-Than-Visual" (BTV) capability as adjunct to "Equivalent Visual Operations" (EVO); that is, airport throughputs equivalent to that normally achieved during Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operations rates with equivalent and better safety in all weather and visibility conditions including Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). These new technologies build on proven flight deck systems and leverage synthetic and enhanced vision systems. Two piloted simulation studies were conducted to access the use of a Head-Worn Display (HWD) with head tracking for synthetic and enhanced vision systems concepts. The first experiment evaluated the use a HWD for equivalent visual operations to San Francisco International Airport (airport identifier: KSFO) compared to a visual concept and a head-down display concept. A second experiment evaluated symbology variations under different visibility conditions using a HWD during taxi operations at Chicago O'Hare airport (airport identifier: KORD).
Two experiments were conducted, one in a simulated San Francisco airport (KSFO) approach operation and the other, in simulated Chicago O'Hare surface operations, evaluating enhanced/synthetic vision and head-worn display technologies for NextGen operations. While flying a closely-spaced parallel approach to KSFO, pilots rated the HWD, under low-visibility conditions, equivalent to the out-the-window condition, under unlimited visibility, in terms of situational awareness (SA) and mental workload compared to a head-down enhanced vision system. There were no differences between the 3 display concepts in terms of traffic spacing and distance and the pilot decision-making to land or go-around. For the KORD experiment, the visibility condition was not a factor in pilot's rating of clutter effects from symbology. Several concepts for enhanced implementations of an unlimited field-of-regard BTV concept for low-visibility surface operations were determined to be equivalent in pilot ratings of efficacy and usability.
C1 [Arthur, Jarvis (Trey) J., III; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; Williams, Steven P.; Bailey, Randall E.; Shelton, Kevin J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Arthur, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM Trey.Arthur@nasa.gov
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-616-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8042
AR 80420Q
DI 10.1117/12.883036
PG 15
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BVQ76
UT WOS:000292308100021
ER
PT S
AU Kramer, LJ
Bailey, RE
Ellis, KKE
Norman, RM
Williams, SP
Arthur, JJ
Shelton, KJ
Prinzel, LJ
AF Kramer, Lynda J.
Bailey, Randall E.
Ellis, Kyle K. E.
Norman, R. Michael
Williams, Steven P.
Arthur, Jarvis J., III
Shelton, Kevin J.
Prinzel, Lawrence J., III
BE Thomas, JT
Desjardins, DD
Guell, JJ
Bernier, KL
TI Enhanced and Synthetic Vision for Terminal Maneuvering Area NextGen
Operations
SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND
AVIONICS V AND ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2011
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Display Technologies and Applications for Defense,
Security, and Avionics V/Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2011
CY APR 25-26, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE Synthetic Vision; Enhanced Vision; Enhanced Flight Vision System;
Head-Up Display; Aviation Safety; Flight Deck Systems; All Weather
Operations
ID SYSTEM
AB Synthetic Vision Systems and Enhanced Flight Vision System (SVS/EFVS) technologies have the potential to provide additional margins of safety for aircrew performance and enable operational improvements for low visibility operations in the terminal area environment with equivalent efficiency as visual operations. To meet this potential, research is needed for effective technology development and implementation of regulatory and design guidance to support introduction and use of SVS/EFVS advanced cockpit vision technologies in Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) operations.
A fixed-base pilot-in-the-loop simulation test was conducted at NASA Langley Research Center that evaluated the use of SVS/EFVS in NextGen low visibility ground (taxi) operations and approach/landing operations. Twelve crews flew approach and landing operations in a simulated NextGen Chicago O'Hare environment. Various scenarios tested the potential for EFVS for operations in visibility as low as 1000 ft runway visibility range (RVR) and SVS to enable lower decision heights (DH) than can currently be flown today. Expanding the EFVS visual segment from DH to the runway in visibilities as low as 1000 RVR appears to be viable as touchdown performance was excellent without any workload penalties noted for the EFVS concept tested. A lower DH to 150 ft and/or possibly reduced visibility minima by virtue of SVS equipage appears to be viable when implemented on a Head-Up Display, but the landing data suggests further study for head-down implementations.
C1 [Kramer, Lynda J.; Bailey, Randall E.; Ellis, Kyle K. E.; Williams, Steven P.; Arthur, Jarvis J., III; Shelton, Kevin J.; Prinzel, Lawrence J., III] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Kramer, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 24 W Taylor St,MS 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-616-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8042
AR 80420T
DI 10.1117/12.885902
PG 16
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BVQ76
UT WOS:000292308100023
ER
PT S
AU Horanyi, M
Colette, A
Drake, K
Grun, E
Kempf, S
Munsat, T
Robertson, S
Shu, A
Sternovsky, Z
Wang, X
AF Horanyi, M.
Colette, A.
Drake, K.
Gruen, E.
Kempf, S.
Munsat, T.
Robertson, S.
Shu, A.
Sternovsky, Z.
Wang, X.
BE Nosenko, VY
Shukla, PK
Thoma, MH
Thomas, HM
TI The Dust Accelerator Facility of the Colorado Center for Lunar Dust and
Atmospheric Studies
SO DUSTY/COMPLEX PLASMAS: BASIC AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH: SIXTH
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE PHYSICS OF DUSTY PLASMAS
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Conference on the Physics of Dusty Plasmas (ICPDP)
CY MAY 16-20, 2011
CL Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GERMANY
SP Max Planck Soc (MPG), German Space Agcy (DLR/BMWi), European Space Agcy (ESA), Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP)
DE hypervelocity dust impacts; charged dust; electrostatic accelerator
AB The NASA Lunar Institute's Colorado Center for Lunar Dust and Atmospheric Studies has recently completed the construction of a new experimental facility to study hypervelocity dust impacts. The installation includes a 3 MV Pelletron, accelerating small particles in the size range of 0.1 to few microns to velocities in the range of 1 to 100 km/s. Here we report the capabilities of our facility, and the results of our first experiments.
C1 [Horanyi, M.; Colette, A.; Drake, K.; Gruen, E.; Kempf, S.; Munsat, T.; Robertson, S.; Shu, A.; Sternovsky, Z.; Wang, X.] Univ Colorado, NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Colorado Ctr Lunar Dust & Atmospher Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Horanyi, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NASA, Lunar Sci Inst, Colorado Ctr Lunar Dust & Atmospher Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
OI KEMPF, SASCHA/0000-0001-5236-3004; Horanyi, Mihaly/0000-0002-5920-9226
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0967-5
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2011
VL 1397
DI 10.1063/1.3659850
PG 2
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA BYP37
UT WOS:000299572300117
ER
PT J
AU Gao, S
Qu, TD
Fukumori, I
AF Gao, Shan
Qu, Tangdong
Fukumori, Ichiro
TI Effects of mixing on the subduction of South Pacific waters identified
by a simulated passive tracer and its adjoint
SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE Subduction; Mixing; Tracer; South Pacific
ID NORTH-PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER; MODE WATERS; OCEAN; CIRCULATION;
THERMOCLINE; CLIMATOLOGY; PATHWAY; ORIGIN; GCM
AB Effects of mixing on water mass subduction are analyzed in the South Pacific Ocean. Model simulations using a passive tracer and its adjoint are employed in conjunction with a particle tracking method to distinguish effects of mixing from those of advection. The results show that mixing processes can contribute to as much as 20% of the overall subduction rate in the South Pacific. Of this mixing contribution, about 30% can be attributed to meso-scale eddies, including their associated bolus transport, while the major part (70%) is due to other diabatic processes. The impact of mixing reaches its maximum near the Sub-Antarctic Front, accounting for nearly 30% of the total subduction rate. Consequently, estimates based on tracing particles or on advection alone may significantly underestimate the subduction rate in the South Pacific Ocean. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gao, Shan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, PR, Peoples R China.
[Qu, Tangdong] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Fukumori, Ichiro] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Gao, S (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, 7 Nanhai Rd, Qingdao 266071, PR, Peoples R China.
EM gaoshan@qdio.ac.cn
RI Gao, Shan/H-7959-2013
OI Gao, Shan/0000-0003-4510-5028
FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-Q11-02]; National Basic Research
Program of China [2007CB411802]; National Science Foundation of China
[40876011]; NSF [OCE06-23533]; JAMSTEC; NASA; NOAA
FX S. Gao was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences through grant KZCX2-YW-Q11-02, National Basic
Research Program of China through Grant 2007CB411802 and the National
Science Foundation of China through grant 40876011. T. Qu was supported
by NSF through grant OCE06-23533 and by JAMSTEC, NASA, and NOAA through
their sponsorship of research activities at the International Pacific
Research Center (IPRC). Work by I. Fukumori was carried out at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under
contract with NASA. The authors are grateful to Z. Xing, I.-L. Tang,
R.T. Goo and Y. Shen for constant assistance in processing the ECCO
outputs and language polishing. SOEST contribution number 8053 and IPRC
contribution number IPRC-738.
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0265
J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS
JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 51
IS 1-2
BP 45
EP 54
DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2010.10.002
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Oceanography
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Oceanography
GA 720LB
UT WOS:000287281100003
ER
PT B
AU Fraknoi, A
CoBabe-Ammann, E
Prather, E
AF Fraknoi, Andrew
CoBabe-Ammann, Emily
Prather, Edward
BE Jensen, JB
Manning, JG
Gibbs, MG
TI EPO and Astro 101: Shotgun Wedding, Marriage of Convenience, or
Meaningful Relationship?
SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE: MAKING CONNECTIONS IN EDUCATION AND PUBLIC
OUTREACH
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 122nd Annual Meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP)
CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2010
CL Geolog Soc Amer, Boulder, CO
SP NASA Lunar Sci Inst, IPAC, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, WH Freeman & Co, Collaborat Astron Teach Scholars, Ctr Astron Educ, Sky Skan, NASA, NRAO, Stratopher Observ Infrared Astron, Planck, Univ Chicago Press, I Clicker, Aerospace, Capitol Coll, CAPER Team, AAS, Windows Universe, Seiler, Celestron, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Boulder Beer
HO Geolog Soc Amer
AB Astro 101 touches the widest audiences imaginable interested generalists, future teachers (whether they know it or not), soon-to-be citizen scientists, and students who will eventually end up heading into STEM careers. NASA's Space Mission Directorate Education and Public Outreach has, as its mandate, all of these audiences as target clients although we identify them more formally (e.g., informal and formal education, outreach, and higher education). The question on the table is this: should there be a relationship between these two and is there? Is that relationship taking full advantage of what the other has to offer? Or should it just be left up to the vagaries of individual instructors to find their place in the NASA Science Mission Diretorate (SMD) EPO landscape? Should EPO professionals assume that, within their definitions, they've covered all of the bases? Where do research-based best practices fit into both worlds? Where does the "pipeline" fit into all of this?
C1 [Fraknoi, Andrew] Foothill Coll, Dept Astron, Los Altos Hills, CA USA.
[CoBabe-Ammann, Emily] NASA, SMD Working Grp Higher Educ, Austin, TX USA.
[Prather, Edward] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Fraknoi, A (reprint author), Foothill Coll, Dept Astron, Los Altos Hills, CA USA.
FU National SCience Foundation [0715517]; CCLI phase III Grant for the
Collaboration of Astronomy Teaching Scholars (CATS); NASA
FX This material is based upon work supported by National SCience
Foundation under Grant No. 0715517, a CCLI phase III Grant for the
Collaboration of Astronomy Teaching Scholars (CATS) .CAE is also funded
through JPL's NASA Exoplanet Exploration Public Engagement Program.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-766-7
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2011
VL 443
BP 3
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research
GA BAH68
UT WOS:000304180400001
ER
PT B
AU Garmany, K
Gibbs, M
Grundstrom, E
Fienberg, RT
Harvey, J
Sharma, M
McLin, K
Scalice, D
Statler, T
AF Garmany, Katy
Gibbs, Michael
Grundstrom, Erika
Fienberg, Richard Tresch
Harvey, Janice
Sharma, Mangala
McLin, Kevin
Scalice, Daniella
Statler, Tom
BE Jensen, JB
Manning, JG
Gibbs, MG
TI Making Connections with Underserved Communities, Broadening
Participation in the STEM Fields
SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE: MAKING CONNECTIONS IN EDUCATION AND PUBLIC
OUTREACH
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 122nd Annual Meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP)
CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2010
CL Geolog Soc Amer, Boulder, CO
SP NASA Lunar Sci Inst, IPAC, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, WH Freeman & Co, Collaborat Astron Teach Scholars, Ctr Astron Educ, Sky Skan, NASA, NRAO, Stratopher Observ Infrared Astron, Planck, Univ Chicago Press, I Clicker, Aerospace, Capitol Coll, CAPER Team, AAS, Windows Universe, Seiler, Celestron, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Boulder Beer
HO Geolog Soc Amer
AB The U.S. faces a serious challenge: a decrease in the size of the highly skilled technical workforce, where minority groups are particularly underrepresented. This Special Interest Group discussion addressed the question, "What are the obstacles to making real progress in broadening participation, and what can be started now, at the grass-roots or agency levels, to begin to reduce the worst obstacles?"
C1 [Garmany, Katy] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Gibbs, Michael] Capitol Coll, Laurel, MD USA.
[Grundstrom, Erika] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA.
[Fienberg, Richard Tresch] American Astronom Society, Washington, DC USA.
[Harvey, Janice] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI USA.
[Sharma, Mangala] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD USA.
[McLin, Kevin] Sonoma State Univ, Rohnert Pk, CA USA.
[Scalice, Daniella] NASA, Ames RES Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Statler, Tom] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA USA.
RP Garmany, K (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RI Duello, Theresa/P-5752-2015
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-766-7
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2011
VL 443
BP 33
EP +
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research
GA BAH68
UT WOS:000304180400010
ER
PT S
AU Aumann, HH
Jiang, YB
Elliott, DA
AF Aumann, Hartmut H.
Jiang, Yibo
Elliott, Denis A.
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Evaluation of Cloudy Data as Stable References for Climate Research
using AIRS and IRIS Data
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Climate; Calibration; IRIS; IASI; Infrared
ID SPECTRA
AB We explore the use cloudy data, including Deep Convective Clouds (DCC) in the tropical oceans for the evaluation of the absolute calibration accuracy and stability of infrared radiometers. For the evaluation of cloudy data we use random nadir samples. We illustrate the method with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data and data from the Infrared Interferometric Spectrometer (IRIS) in the tropical oceans. AIRS is on the EOS Aqua satellite, which was launched in May 2002 and is expected to continue to produce high quality data until 2015. Two copies of IRIS flew on Nimbus satellites between April 1970 and January 1971. Based on inconsistencies between AIRS and IRIS data, the absolute accuracy of the IRIS data is about 1K, including a significant day/night bias. Part of the observed radiometric bias may have been introduced by quality control, which senses a temperature and spatial uniformity dependent degradation of instrument performance. The observed biases are larger than the 0.5K accuracy claimed in the literature. This absolute calibration uncertainty has to be taken into account in the analysis of changes in the more than 30 year time span between IRIS and AIRS, before they can be attributed to changes in the clouds or the climate.
The method described in this paper can be applied retrospectively to any infrared radiometer like HIRS, AVHRR and GOES. It has the capability to exposes instrument artifacts, which are not apparent from the routine quality control of the data.
C1 [Aumann, Hartmut H.; Jiang, Yibo; Elliott, Denis A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Aumann, HH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 815304
DI 10.1117/12.892797
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900004
ER
PT S
AU Barsi, JA
Markham, BL
Pedelty, JA
AF Barsi, Julia A.
Markham, Brian L.
Pedelty, Jeffrey A.
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI The Operational Land Imager: Spectral Response and Spectral Uniformity
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM); Operational Land Imager (OLI);
spectral response; uniformity
AB The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) will carry the Operational Land Imager (OLI) as one of its payloads. This instrument is a derivative of the Advanced Land Imager (ALI), flown on Earth Observing-1 (EO1) though it's mission is to continue the operational land imaging of the Landsat program. The OLI follows the highly successful Landsat-5 and Landsat-7 missions in continuing to populate an archive of earth images that dates back to 1972.
The OLI has significant changes from the Landsat Thematic Mapper instruments, given that is the first pushbroom instrument in the program. However, it is intended to be a continuity mission, so the spatial coverage and spectral bands are similar. The suite of OLI's multispectral bands cover the same bandpasses but the panchromatic band is narrower than that of the ETM+. The OLI also has a shorter wavelength blue band for better resolution of coastal waters and a new band to aid in the detection of Cirrus clouds in the atmosphere. The thermal bands traditionally carried on the TM instruments have been moved to a separate instrument, also onboard the LDCM spacecraft.
With the pushbroom design, each OLI multi-spectral band consists of nearly 7000 detectors. The OLI underwent prelaunch to verify a host of requirements on it's spectral performance, where was characterized at three different points during development. This paper will cover the results of the tests that attempt to validate the spectral uniformity requirements, including in-band response, out-of-band response, and spectral uniformity across the focal plane.
C1 [Barsi, Julia A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Barsi, JA (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, NASA, GSFC, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM julia.barsi@nasa.gov
RI Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013
OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169
NR 1
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 9
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 81530G
DI 10.1117/12.895438
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900012
ER
PT S
AU Cofield, RE
Kasl, EP
AF Cofield, Richard E.
Kasl, Eldon P.
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Thermal stability of a 4 meter primary reflector for the Scanning
Microwave Limb Sounder
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE microwave limb sounding; composite reflectors; toroidal; thermal
distortion; physical optics
AB The Scanning Microwave Limb Sounder (SMLS) is a space-borne heterodyne radiometer which will measure pressure, temperature and atmospheric constituents from thermal emission in [180,680] GHz. SMLS, planned for the NRC Decadal Survey's Global Atmospheric Composition Mission, uses a novel toric Cassegrain antenna to perform both elevation and azimuth scanning. These will provide better horizontal and temporal resolution and coverage than were possible with elevation-only scanning in the two previous MLS satellite instruments. SMLS is diffraction-limited in the vertical plane but highly astigmatic in the horizontal (beam aspect ratio similar to 1:20). Nadir symmetry ensures that beam shape is nearly invariant over +/- 65 degrees azimuth. A low-noise receiver's FOV will be swept over the reflector system by a small azimuth-scanning mirror. We describe the fabrication and thermal-stability test of a composite demonstration primary reflector, having full 4m height and 1/3 the width planned for flight. Using finite-element models of reflectors and structure, we evaluate thermal deformations and optical performance for 4 orbital environments and isothermal soak. We compare deformations with photogrammetric measurements made during soak tests in a chamber. The test temperature range exceeds predicted orbital ranges by large factors, implying in-orbit thermal stability of 0.21 micron rms/degrees C; this meets SMLS requirements.
C1 [Cofield, Richard E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Cofield, RE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Richard.E.Cofield@jpl.nasa.gov; ekasl@vanguardcomposites.com
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 81530Y
DI 10.1117/12.893890
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900029
ER
PT S
AU Daniels, J
Smith, GL
Priestley, KJ
Bitting, H
AF Daniels, Janet
Smith, G. Louis
Priestley, Kory J.
Bitting, Herb
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI The Measured Point Response Functions for the CERES Flight Model 5
Instrument
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE CERES; Calibration; Radiometry; EOS; NPP; Earth Radiation Budget; point
response function
ID ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; CLOUDS
AB The Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) Flight Model 5 (FM5) instrument is scheduled to be launched this year aboard the NPP spacecraft in order to continue the Climate Data Record for Earth radiation budget. CERES data will be used together with measurements from the Visible Infra-red Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) to compute cloud information for each CERES pixel. Knowledge of the point response function (PRF) of CERES is essential to accurately align these data sets. The Radiation Calibration Facility at Northrop Grumman includes the PRF Source, an optical devise for measuring the PRF. This paper presents the analysis of these tests and the resulting PRF for each of the three channels.
C1 [Daniels, Janet; Priestley, Kory J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Daniels, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM Janet.l.Daniels@nasa.gov
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 81531T
DI 10.1117/12.893677
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900055
ER
PT S
AU Elliott, DA
Aumann, HH
AF Elliott, Denis A.
Aumann, Hartmut H.
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Sensitivity of AIRS and IASI radiometric calibration to scene
temperature
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE hyperspectral; infrared; sounder; calibration; AIRS; IASI
AB High radiometric accuracy under all conditions (such as scene temperature and scan angle) is critical for establishing a climate-quality data record. In this study we compare radiances of both AIRS and IASI using the difference each instrument sees between the brightness temperature at 1231 cm(-1) and that at 961 cm(-1). We collected spectra at 17 different sites distributed around the world in tropical, temperate, desert, and arctic climates. For perfectly calibrated instruments, the brightness temperature differences should closely agree, since diurnal differences caused by the differing orbits cancel to first order. We examine observed differences (indicative of calibration artifacts) as functions of scene temperature, time of day, and scan angle. AIRS is a cooled grating array spectrometer with 2378 spectral channels in the wavelength range from 3.7 to 15.4 microns. AIRS began routine operations in September 2002. IASI is a Fourier Transform spectrometer covering the range 3.6 to 15.5 microns in three bands. The spectral resolutions of AIRS and IASI are similar. IASI data have been available since July 2007.
C1 [Elliott, Denis A.; Aumann, Hartmut H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Elliott, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 815303
DI 10.1117/12.893795
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900003
ER
PT S
AU Ellis, TA
Myers, J
Grant, P
Platnick, S
Guerin, DC
Fisher, J
Song, K
Kimchi, J
Kilmer, L
LaPorte, DD
Moeller, CC
AF Ellis, Thomas A.
Myers, Jeffrey
Grant, Patrick
Platnick, Steven
Guerin, Daniel C.
Fisher, John
Song, Kai
Kimchi, Joseph
Kilmer, Louis
LaPorte, Daniel D.
Moeller, Christopher C.
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI The NASA Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator; NASA ER-2; Global Hawk;
Hyperspectral; Earth Observing System
AB The new NASA Enhanced MODIS Airborne Simulator (eMAS) is based on the legacy MAS system, which has been used extensively in support of the NASA Earth Observing System program since 1995. eMAS consists of two separate instruments designed to fly together on the NASA ER-2 and Global Hawk high altitude aircraft.
The eMAS-IR instrument is an upgraded version of the legacy MAS line-scanning spectrometer, with 38 spectral bands in the wavelength range from 0.47 to 14.1 mu m. The original LN2-cooled MAS MWIR and LWIR spectrometers are replaced with a single vacuum-sealed, Stirling-cooled assembly, having a single MWIR and twelve LWIR bands. This spectrometer module contains a cold optical bench where both dispersive optics and detector arrays are maintained at cryogenic temperatures to reduce infrared background noise, and ensure spectral stability during high altitude airborne operations.
The EMAS-HS instrument is a stand-alone push-broom imaging spectrometer, with 202 contiguous spectral bands in the wavelength range from 0.38 to 2.40 mu m. It consists of two Offner spectrometers, mated to a 4-mirror anastigmatic telescope. The system has a single slit, and uses a dichroic beam-splitter to divide the incoming energy between VNIR and SWIR focal plane arrays. It will be synchronized and bore-sighted with the IR line-scanner, and includes an active source for monitoring calibration stability.
eMAS is intended to support future satellite missions including the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI,) the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP,) and the follow-on Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS.)
C1 [Ellis, Thomas A.; Myers, Jeffrey; Grant, Patrick] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Ellis, TA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS244-15, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM jeffrey.s.myers@nasa.gov
RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014
OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 81530N
DI 10.1117/12.894482
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900019
ER
PT S
AU Jiang, YB
Aumann, HH
Lau, MW
Yung, YL
AF Jiang, Yibo
Aumann, Hartmut H.
Lau, Marie Wingyee
Yung, Yuk L.
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Climate Change Sensitivity Evaluation from AIRS and IRIS Measurements
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Climate Change; Sensitivity; AIRS; IRIS; Calibration; Ozone; CO2; CH4;
Longwave Radiation; Modeling
AB Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) measurements over a long period from satellites provide valuable information for climate change. Due to the different coverage, spectral resolution and instrument sensitivities, the data comparisons between different satellites could be problematic and possible artifacts could be easily introduced. In this paper, we illustrate the method and procedures when we compare different satellite measurements by using the data taken by Infrared Interferometric Spectrometer (IRIS) in 1970 and by Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) from 2002 to 2010. We use the spectra between 650 cm(-1) and 1350 cm(-1) for nadir view footprints in order to match the AIRS and IRIS measurements. Most of the possible sources of error or biases, which include the errors from spatial coverage, spectral resolution, spectra frequency shift due to the field of view, sea surface temperature uncertainty, clear sky determination, and spectra response function (SRF) symmetry, can be corrected. Using the correct SRF is extremely important when comparing spectra in the high slope spectral regions where possible large artifacts could be introduced.
C1 [Jiang, Yibo; Aumann, Hartmut H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Jiang, YB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
OI Lau, Marie Wingyee/0000-0001-9755-9406
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 81531Z
DI 10.1117/12.892817
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900059
ER
PT S
AU Meister, G
Franz, BA
AF Meister, Gerhard
Franz, Bryan A.
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Adjustments to the MODIS Terra radiometric calibration and polarization
sensitivity in the 2010 reprocessing
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE remote sensing; scanners; on-orbit calibration; polarization
ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; OCEAN; SEAWIFS; BANDS
AB The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite Terra provides global coverage of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances that have been successfully used for terrestrial and atmospheric research. The MODIS Terra ocean color products, however, have been compromised by an inadequate radiometric calibration at the short wavelengths. The Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) at NASA has derived radiometric corrections using ocean color products from the SeaWiFS sensor as truth fields. In the R2010.0 reprocessing, these corrections have been applied to the whole mission life span of 10 years. This paper presents the corrections to the radiometric gains and to the instrument polarization sensitivity, demonstrates the improvement to the Terra ocean color products, and discusses issues that need further investigation. Although the global averages of MODIS Terra ocean color products are now in excellent agreement with those of SeaWiFS and MODIS Aqua, and image quality has been significantly improved, the large corrections applied to the radiometric calibration and polarization sensitivity require additional caution when using the data.
C1 [Meister, Gerhard; Franz, Bryan A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Meister, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Code 614-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Gerhard.Meister@nasa.gov
RI Meister, Gerhard/F-7159-2012; Franz, Bryan/D-6284-2012
OI Franz, Bryan/0000-0003-0293-2082
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 815308
DI 10.1117/12.891787
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900007
ER
PT S
AU Meister, G
Franz, BA
AF Meister, Gerhard
Franz, Bryan A.
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Radiometric Quality of the MODIS Bands at 667 and 678nm
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE remote sensing; scanners; on-orbit calibration
ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; OCEAN-COLOR BANDS
AB The MODIS instruments on Terra and Aqua were designed to allow the measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence effects over ocean. The retrieval algorithm is based on the difference between the water-leaving radiances at 667nm and 678nm. The water-leaving radiances at these wavelengths are usually very low relative to the top-of-atmosphere radiances. The high radiometric accuracy needed to retrieve the small fluorescence signal lead to a dual gain design for the 667 and 678nm bands. This paper discusses the benefits obtained from this design choice and provides justification for the use of only one set of gains for global processing of ocean color products. Noise characteristics of the two bands and their related products are compared to other products of bands from 412nm to 2130nm. The impact of polarization on the two bands is discussed. In addition, the impact of stray light on the two bands is compared to other MODIS bands.
C1 [Meister, Gerhard; Franz, Bryan A.] NASA, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Meister, G (reprint author), NASA, Ocean Biol Proc Grp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Gerhard.Meister@nasa.gov
RI Meister, Gerhard/F-7159-2012; Franz, Bryan/D-6284-2012
OI Franz, Bryan/0000-0003-0293-2082
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 81531M
DI 10.1117/12.892022
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900048
ER
PT S
AU Pagano, TS
Fetzer, EJ
Suda, J
Licata, S
AF Pagano, Thomas S.
Fetzer, Eric J.
Suda, Jarrod
Licata, Steve
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Science Highlights and Lessons Learned from the Atmospheric Infrared
Sounder (AIRS)
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE NASA; Satellite; Atmosphere; Weather; Climate; Atmospheric Composition
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; RETRIEVALS
AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and companion instrument, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on the NASA Earth Observing System Aqua spacecraft are facility instruments designed to support measurements of atmospheric temperature, water vapor and a wide range of atmospheric constituents in support of weather forecasting and scientific research in climate and atmospheric chemistry. This paper is an update to the science highlights from a paper by the authors released last year and also looks back at the lessons learned and future needs of the scientific community. These lessons not only include requirements on the measurements, but scientific shortfalls as well. Results from the NASA Science Community Workshop in IR and MW Sounders relating to AIRS and AMSU requirements and concerns are covered and reflect much of what has been learned and what is needed for future atmospheric sounding from Low Earth Orbit.
C1 [Pagano, Thomas S.; Fetzer, Eric J.; Suda, Jarrod; Licata, Steve] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM tpagano@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 815302
DI 10.1117/12.892805
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900002
ER
PT S
AU Priestley, K
Smith, GL
Thomas, S
Bitting, H
AF Priestley, Kory
Smith, G. Lou
Thomas, Susan
Bitting, Herbert
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI CERES FM-5 on the NPP observatory: predicted Performance and early orbit
validation plans
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Earth radiation budget; CERES; radiometry; calibration; validation; NPP
ID ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; THERMISTOR BOLOMETERS; CLOUDS; CALIBRATION;
RADIOMETERS; SPACECRAFT
AB The Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) Flight Model FM-1 and FM-2 sensors aboard the Terra and the FM-3 and FM-4 sensors aboard the Aqua spacecraft have provided the first decade of observations of quality suitable for the Earth Radiation Climate Data Record (CDR). To assure continuity of this CDR the CERES FM-5 sensor will fly on the NPP spacecraft, scheduled for launch in October 2011. The methods for calibrating the FM-5 in orbit and validating the results so as to maintain the required level of accuracy and traceability are described. These methods include use of on-board calibration sources and a number of tests devised for FM-1 through -4. In addition, comparisons of measurement by the newly calibrated FM-5 with (nearly) coincident measurements by the older CERES instruments on Terra and Aqua provide an opportunity to investigate the effects on the instruments and the on-board calibration devices of a decade of operating in space.
C1 [Priestley, Kory] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Priestley, K (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM kory.j.priestley@nasa.gov
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 815312
DI 10.1117/12.894233
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900033
ER
PT S
AU Quijada, MA
Wilson, M
Waluschka, E
McClain, CR
AF Quijada, Manuel A.
Wilson, Mark
Waluschka, Eugene
McClain, Charles R.
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Optical Component Performance for the Ocean Radiometer for Carbon
Assessment (ORCA)
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE ORCA; ACE; OES; CO2 remote sensor; spectral resolution
AB The Ocean Radiometer for Carbon Assessment (ORCA) is a new design for the next generation remote sensing of ocean biology and biogeochemistry. ORCA is configured to meet all the measurement requirements of the Decadal Survey Aerosol, Cloud, and Ecology (ACE), the Ocean Ecosystem (OES) radiometer and the Pre-ACE climate data continuity mission (PACE). Under the support of a grant from the NASA Instrument Incubator Program (IIP), a team at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has been working on a functional ORCA prototype with flight-like fore and aft optics and scan mechanisms. As part of the development efforts to bring ORCA closer to a flight configuration, we have conducted component-level optical testing and system-level characterizations using non-flight commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) focal plane array detectors. The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of these testings performed at GSFC and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) at the component and system-level testings respectively.
C1 [Quijada, Manuel A.; Wilson, Mark; Waluschka, Eugene; McClain, Charles R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Quijada, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM manuel.a.quijada@nasa.gov
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 81530T
DI 10.1117/12.895938
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900025
ER
PT S
AU Sabelhaus, P
AF Sabelhaus, Phil
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI An overview and latest status of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Landsat; data archive; continuity; NASA; USGS
AB The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) will provide continuity in the multi-decadal land use/land cover change measurements of the Landsat Program for scientific research. The project office at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is responsible for the development, launch and post launch activation and check out for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission. The LDCM project is currently in its development phase with launch scheduled for December 2012 on an Atlas V launch vehicle provided by the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) from the Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB). The project is a partnership between NASA and the Department of the Interior (DOI)/United States Geological Survey (USGS). DOI/USGS is responsible for development of the ground system and will assume responsibility for satellite and ground system operations following the check-out period. This paper will provide an overview and the latest status of the LDCM mission.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Sabelhaus, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 81530C
DI 10.1117/12.893076
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900009
ER
PT S
AU Susskind, J
Blaisdell, J
Iredell, L
AF Susskind, Joel
Blaisdell, John
Iredell, Lena
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Improved Surface and Tropospheric Temperatures Determined Using Only
Shortwave Channels: The AIRS Science Team Version-6 Retrieval Algorithm
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE AIRS/AMSU; high spectral resolution IR sounders; retrieval methodology;
IR sounding in cloudy conditions; cloud cleared radiances; Quality
Control
ID CLOUDY ATMOSPHERES; PARAMETERS
AB The Goddard DISC has generated products derived from AIRS/AMSU-A observations, starting from September 2002 when the AIRS instrument became stable, using the AIRS Science Team Version-5 retrieval algorithm. The AIRS Science Team Version-6 retrieval algorithm will be finalized in September 2011. This paper describes some of the significant improvements contained in the Version-6 retrieval algorithm, compared to that used in Version-5, with an emphasis on the improvement of atmospheric temperature profiles, ocean and land surface skin temperatures, and ocean and land surface spectral emissivities. AIRS contains 2378 spectral channels covering portions of the spectral region 650 cm(-1) (15.38 mu m) -2665 cm(-1) (3.752 mu m). These spectral regions contain significant absorption features from two CO2 absorption bands, the 15 mu m (longwave) CO2 band, and the 4.3 mu m (shortwave) CO2 absorption band. There are also two atmospheric window regions, the 12 mu m-8 mu m (longwave) window, and the 4.17 mu m -3.75 mu m (shortwave) window. Historically, determination of surface and atmospheric temperatures from satellite observations was performed using primarily observations in the longwave window and CO2 absorption regions. According to cloud clearing theory, more accurate soundings of both surface skin and atmospheric temperatures can be obtained under partial cloud cover conditions if one uses observations in longwave channels to determine coefficients which generate cloud cleared radiances (R) over cap (i) for all channels, and uses (R) over cap (i) only from shortwave channels in the determination of surface and atmospheric temperatures. This procedure is now being used in the AIRS Version-6 Retrieval Algorithm. Results are presented for both daytime and nighttime conditions showing improved Version-6 surface and atmospheric soundings under partial cloud cover.
C1 [Susskind, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Susskind, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 815306
DI 10.1117/12.893558
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900005
ER
PT S
AU Waluschka, E
Wilson, M
Quijada, M
McAndrew, B
Ding, LB
AF Waluschka, Eugene
Wilson, Mark
Quijada, Manuel
McAndrew, Brendan
Ding, Leibo
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI ORCA's depolarizer
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE ORCA; Ocean; Carbon; SeaWifs; polarization; depolarizer
AB The Ocean Radiometer for Carbon Assessment (ORCA), currently being developed at Goddard, is a hyperspectral instrument with a spectral range extending from 350nm to 880nm in the UV and visible wavelength. Its radiometric measurement accuracy will depend, in part, on the extent to which it is insensitive to linearly polarized light. A wedge type depolarizer is used to reduce ORCA's polarization sensitivity over its entire spectral range. The choice for this approach is driven by the large spectral range and to a certain extent is also influenced by the currently orbiting SeaWifs instrument's use of a wedge depolarizer and its low polarization sensitivity. The wedge depolarizer's design, its modeled and measured depolarization characteristics are presented.
C1 [Waluschka, Eugene; Wilson, Mark; Quijada, Manuel; McAndrew, Brendan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr 551 0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Waluschka, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr 551 0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 81530U
DI 10.1117/12.895482
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900026
ER
PT S
AU Wilson, ME
McClain, C
Monosmith, B
Quijada, M
Waluschka, E
Thompson, PL
Brown, S
AF Wilson, Mark E.
McClain, Charles
Monosmith, Bryan
Quijada, Manuel
Waluschka, Eugene
Thompson, Patrick L.
Brown, Steven
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Optical Design of the Ocean Radiometer for Carbon Assessment
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE radiometer; spectrograph; optical design
AB The Ocean Radiometer for Carbon Assessment (ORCA) is a new design for the next generation remote sensing of oceans biology and biogeochemistry satellite. ORCA is configured to meet the requirements of the Decadal Survey recommended Aerosol, Cloud, and Ecology (ACE), the Ocean Ecosystem (OES) radiometer and the Pre-ACE climate data continuity mission (PACE). Under the auspices of a 2007 grant from NASA's Research Opportunity in Space and Earth Science (ROSES) and the Instrument Incubator Program (IIP), a team at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has been working on a functional prototype of a hyperspectral imager with flightlike optics and scan mechanisms. This paper discusses the requirements and optomechanical design of this prototype.
C1 [Wilson, Mark E.; Thompson, Patrick L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Wilson, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM mark.wilson@nasa.gov
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 81530S
DI 10.1117/12.897023
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900024
ER
PT S
AU Xiong, XX
Sun, JQ
Angal, A
Xie, Y
Choi, TJ
Wang, ZP
AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)
Sun, Junqiang
Angal, Amit
Xie, Yong
Choi, Taeyoung (Jason)
Wang, Zhipeng (Ben)
BE Butler, JJ
Xiong, X
Gu, X
TI Results of MODIS Band-to-band Registration Characterization Using
On-orbit Lunar Observations
SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVI
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Terra; Aqua; MODIS; Moon; band-to-band registration;
detector-to-detector registration
ID PERFORMANCE
AB Since launch, lunar observations have been made on a regular basis for both Terra and Aqua MODIS and used in a number of applications for their on-orbit calibration and characterization, including radiometric stability monitoring, band-to-band registration (BBR) characterization, optical leak and electronic cross-talk characterization, and calibration inter-comparisons with others sensors. MODIS has 36 spectral bands, consisting of a total of 490 individual detectors, which are located on four different focal plane assemblies (FPAs). This paper focuses on the use of MODIS lunar observations for its on-orbit BBR characterization in both along-scan and along-track directions. In addition to BBR, study of detector-to-detector registration (DDR) through the use of lunar observations is also discussed. The yearly averaged BBR results developed from MODIS lunar observations are presented in this paper and compared with that derived from its on-board calibrator (OBC). In general, results from different approaches agree well. Results show that on-orbit changes in BBR have been very small for both Terra and Aqua MODIS over their entire missions. It is clearly demonstrated in this paper that the lunar approaches developed and applied to MODIS can be effectively used by other sensors for their on-orbit BBR and DDR characterization.
C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-763-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8153
AR 81531R
DI 10.1117/12.893224
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics
GA BXZ18
UT WOS:000297670900053
ER
PT J
AU Fok, HS
Shum, CK
Yi, YC
Araki, H
Ping, JS
Williams, JG
Fotopoulos, G
Noda, H
Goossens, S
Huang, QA
Ishihara, Y
Matsumoto, K
Oberst, U
Sasaki, S
AF Fok, H. S.
Shum, C. K.
Yi, Yuchan
Araki, Hiroshi
Ping, Jinsong
Williams, James G.
Fotopoulos, Georgia
Noda, Hirotomo
Goossens, Sander
Huang, Qian
Ishihara, Yoshiaki
Matsumoto, Koji
Oberst, Urgen
Sasaki, Sho
TI Accuracy assessment of lunar topography models
SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd Kaguya Science Meeting on Earth, Planets and Space
CY JAN 14-15, 2009
CL Tokyo, JAPAN
DE Accuracy assessment; lunar topography; selenodesy; Chang'E-1; SELENE
ID LASER ALTIMETER; SELENE; SHAPE; MOON; KAGUYA; VLBI; LALT
AB Both the Chang'E-1 and SELenological and ENgineering Explorer (SELENE) lunar missions, launched in 2007, provide an opportunity for significant advances in lunar science. In particular, both orbiters provide refined lunar topography models with unprecedented finer resolution and improved accuracy, especially for the far side and the polar areas of the Moon where fewer valid measurements have been available to date. An evaluation of the derived topography models is essential for the improved interpretation of selenophysics, including a knowledge of the interior of the Moon. This study provides both external and internal accuracy assessments for the derived topographic models (note that different data sets are used, albeit independent). The external comparison, which consists of comparing the topographic models with landmarks established with lunar laser ranging and radio tracking, yields an accuracy estimate of 157 m for the Change'E-1 model and 58 m for the SELENE model (150 m and 55 m if the newly recovered Lunakhod-1 site is included). The internal comparison, consisting of crossover analysis of the altimeter data after the removal of once-per-orbital-revolution errors, yields an accuracy estimate of 206 m and 68 m, respectively. These comparisons allow the establishment of conservative estimates of accuracy of 200 m and 70 m for the Chang'E-1 and SELENE models, respectively. Given the conservative estimates on the accuracy, both models yield significant improvement by factors of 2.5 and 8, respectively, when compared with a contemporary lunar topography model, i.e., the Unified Lunar Control Network 2005 (ULCN2005).
C1 [Fok, H. S.; Shum, C. K.; Yi, Yuchan] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Mendenhall Lab 275, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Araki, Hiroshi; Noda, Hirotomo; Goossens, Sander; Ishihara, Yoshiaki; Matsumoto, Koji; Sasaki, Sho] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, RISE Project, Oshu, Iwate 0230861, Japan.
[Ping, Jinsong; Huang, Qian] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
[Williams, James G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Fotopoulos, Georgia] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Geosci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.
[Oberst, Urgen] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
RP Fok, HS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Mendenhall Lab 275, 125 S Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM fok.8@buckeyemail.osu.edu
RI Ishihara, Yoshiaki/A-8499-2011; Goossens, Sander/K-2526-2015
OI Goossens, Sander/0000-0002-7707-1128
NR 28
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1880-5981
J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE
JI Earth Planets Space
PY 2011
VL 63
IS 1
BP 15
EP 23
DI 10.5047/eps.2010.08.005
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 746QZ
UT WOS:000289263100004
ER
PT J
AU Owen, JJ
Amundson, R
Dietrich, WE
Nishiizumi, K
Sutter, B
Chong, G
AF Owen, Justine J.
Amundson, Ronald
Dietrich, William E.
Nishiizumi, Kunihiko
Sutter, Brad
Chong, Guillermo
TI The sensitivity of hillslope bedrock erosion to precipitation
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
LA English
DT Article
DE erosion; climate; hillslope; cosmogenic radionuclides; Atacama
ID CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; WESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; NORTH-CENTRAL CHILE;
SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; SOIL PRODUCTION FUNCTION; PROCESS-BASED MODEL;
ATACAMA DESERT; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; CRYSTALLIZATION
PRESSURE
AB Decoupling the impacts of climate and tectonics on hillslope erosion rates is a challenging problem. Hillslope erosion rates are well known to respond to changes in hillslope boundary conditions (e. g. channel incision rates) through their dependence on soil thickness, and precipitation is an important control on soil formation. Surprisingly though, compilations of hillslope denudation rates suggest little precipitation sensitivity. To isolate the effects of precipitation and boundary condition, we measured rates of soil production from bedrock and described soils on hillslopes along a semi-arid to hyperarid precipitation gradient in northern Chile. In each climate zone, hillslopes with contrasting boundary conditions (actively incising channels versus non-eroding landforms) were studied.
Channel incision rates, which ultimately drive hillslope erosion, varied with precipitation rather than tectonic setting throughout the study area. These precipitation-dependent incision rates are mirrored on the hillslopes, where erosion shifts from relatively fast and biologically-driven to extremely slow and salt-driven as precipitation decreases. Contrary to studies in humid regions, bedrock erosion rates increase with precipitation following a power law, from similar to 1 m Ma(-1) in the hyperarid region to similar to 40 m Ma(-1) in the semi-arid region. The effect of boundary condition on soil thickness was observed in all climate zones (thicker soils on hillslopes with stable boundaries compared to hillslopes bounded by active channels), but the difference in bedrock erosion rates between the hillslopes within a climate region (slower erosion rates on hillslopes with stable boundaries) decreased as precipitation decreased. The biotic-abiotic threshold also marks the precipitation rate below which bedrock erosion rates are no longer a function of soil thickness. Our work shows that hillslope processes become sensitive to precipitation as life disappears and the ability of the landscape to respond to tectonics decreases. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Owen, Justine J.; Amundson, Ronald] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Dietrich, William E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Nishiizumi, Kunihiko] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Sutter, Brad] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Chong, Guillermo] Unversidad Catolica Norte, Dept Ciencias Geol, Antofagasta, Chile.
RP Owen, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM justineosaur@gmail.com
RI Amundson, Ronald /E-2654-2015
FU NASA GSRP [5135]; IGPP LNLL; NSF [EAR-0447411]
FX This project was funded by a NASA GSRP #5135, an IGPP LNLL minigrant,
and NSF grant # EAR-0447411. Thanks to Sarah Reed for her help with
fieldwork, Marc Caffee and Robert Finkel for AMS measurements, and to
Kyungsoo Yoo and Arjun Heimsath for discussions of hillslopes.
NR 115
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 4
U2 38
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0197-9337
EI 1096-9837
J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND
JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 36
IS 1
BP 117
EP 135
DI 10.1002/esp.2083
PG 19
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 702IC
UT WOS:000285886800010
ER
PT B
AU Tada, S
Shen, Y
Jacqmin, D
Fu, BM
Qiu, ZY
AF Tada, Shigeru
Shen, Yan
Jacqmin, David
Fu, Bingmei
Qiu, Zhiyong
BE Tao, R
TI UNDERSTANDING ELECTRIC INTERACTIONS IN SUSPENSIONS IN GRADIENT AC
ELECTRIC FIELDS II: SIMULATIONS AND APPLICATION EXPLORATION
SO ELECTRO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND MAGNETO-RHEOLOGICAL SUSPENSIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Conference on Electro-rheological Fluids and
Magnetorheological Suspensions (ERMR)
CY AUG 16-20, 2010
CL Philadelphia, PA
SP Temple Univ, Lord Corp, BASF Chem Co, Anton Paar GmbH, Stream Chem Inc.
AB We used numerical simulations of a continuous model and the molecular dynamics model to understand the particle instability, formation of island-like structures and existence of one critical particle concentration of 1% (v/v) for formation of island-like structures in the suspension in a gradient ac electric field reported in Paper I. The simulations of the continuous model show that the critical concentration of 1% (v/v) is the concentration of which the particles of a suspension are just fully filling the lower field region finally. According to the MD simulations, the particles instability does exist in the corn oil in a gradient ac electric field, anisotropic polarization interactions among the particles are responsible for the particle instability and have memory, and the memory is still kept even when the particles are transported by a dielectrophoresis force. The island-like structures can be regarded as signature of the memory. We explored possibilities to apply our findings in biomedical fields.
C1 [Tada, Shigeru] Natl Def Acad, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan.
[Shen, Yan] Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China.
[Jacqmin, David] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Fu, Bingmei; Qiu, Zhiyong] CUNY, New York Ctr Biomed Engn, 140th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Fu, Bingmei; Qiu, Zhiyong] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA.
RP Qiu, ZY (reprint author), CUNY, New York Ctr Biomed Engn, 140th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM LTSCLTSC@HOTMAIL.COM
FU NASA [NAG3-2698]; PSC-CUNY Professional Development Fund
FX The authors gratefully acknowledged that this work was in part supported
by NASA under grant No NAG3-2698 and PSC-CUNY Professional Development
Fund. The authors thank Dr. Junjun Mao for providing them with computing
resources of the Levich Institute of the City College of the City
University of New York for the MD simulations. The continuous model
simulations were conducted in NASA Glenn Research Center.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE
BN 978-981-4340-22-9
PY 2011
BP 443
EP 449
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA BH0AA
UT WOS:000394403800061
ER
PT B
AU Bailey, SG
Viterna, LA
AF Bailey, Sheila G.
Viterna, Larry A.
BE Rao, KR
TI ROLE OF NASA IN PHOTOVOLTAIC AND WIND ENERGY
SO ENERGY AND POWER GENERATION HANDBOOK: ESTABLISHED AND EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID MARS PATHFINDER; SPACE; GAAS
C1 [Bailey, Sheila G.] Baldwin Wallace Coll, Berea, OH USA.
[Bailey, Sheila G.] Mil Coll, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[Viterna, Larry A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
[Viterna, Larry A.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Viterna, Larry A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
NR 68
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5955-1
PY 2011
BP F1
EP F24
D2 10.1115/1.859551
PG 24
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA BGT43
UT WOS:000324079200008
ER
PT S
AU Martin, L
Kupfer, M
Palmer, E
Mercer, J
Callantine, T
Prevot, T
AF Martin, Lynne
Kupfer, Michael
Palmer, Everett
Mercer, Joey
Callantine, Todd
Prevot, Thomas
BE Harris, D
TI Acceptability and Effects of Tools to Assist with Controller Managed
Spacing in the Terminal Area
SO ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS
SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive
Ergonomics (EPCE) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
CY JUL 09-14, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
DE decision support tools; controller managed spacing; terminal area;
utility and usability
AB In a human-in-the-loop simulation, a scheduler delivered aircraft to meter fixes in the Los Angeles terminal area with a -60 to +30 second accuracy. This study investigated whether, and how well, controllers could control aircraft to land them as close to their scheduled time of arrival (STA) as possible using speed control alone. Controllers were assigned one of three levels of tools to assist them but had to compensate for errors in the forecast winds that had not been taken into account by the scheduler. Results show that speed clearances were sufficient under all conditions to maneuver aircraft closer to their STAs. From participant reports, this form of control incurred manageable workload and two of the three levels of tools were deemed easy to use.
C1 [Martin, Lynne; Kupfer, Michael; Mercer, Joey; Callantine, Todd] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
[Palmer, Everett; Prevot, Thomas] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
RP Martin, L (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
EM Lynne.H.Martin@nasa.gov; Michael.Kupfer@nasa.gov;
Everett.Palmer@nasa.gov; Joey.Mercer@nasa.gov; Todd.Callantine@nasa.gov;
Thomas.Prevot@nasa.gov
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-642-21740-1; 978-3-642-21741-8
J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT
PY 2011
VL 6781
BP 432
EP 441
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA BDB82
UT WOS:000312502700046
ER
PT J
AU Thedinga, JF
Johnson, SW
Neff, AD
AF Thedinga, John F.
Johnson, Scott W.
Neff, A. Darcie
TI Diel differences in fish assemblages in nearshore eelgrass and kelp
habitats in Prince William Sound, Alaska
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Nearshore fishes; Diel catches; Alaska; Beach seine; Eelgrass; Kelp
ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC COD; GADUS-MORHUA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EASTERN
NEWFOUNDLAND; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SANDY BEACH;
SEAGRASS; SHALLOW; BAY
AB The importance of a particular habitat to nearshore fishes can be best assessed by both diurnal and nocturnal sampling. To determine diel differences in fish assemblages in nearshore eelgrass and understory kelp habitats, fishes were sampled diurnally and nocturnally at six locations in western Prince William Sound, Alaska, in summer 2007. Abundance of fish between day and night were similar, but species composition and mean size of some fish changed. Species richness and species diversity were similar in eelgrass during the day and night, whereas in kelp, species richness and species diversity were greater at night than during the day. In eelgrass, saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) was the most abundant species during the day and night. In kelp, the most abundant species were Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) during the day and saffron cod at night. Diel differences in fish size varied by species and habitat. Mean length of saffron cod was similar between day and night in eelgrass but was greatest during the day in kelp. Pacific herring were larger at night than during the day in kelp. Diel sampling is important to identity nearshore habitats essential to fish and help manage fish stocks at risk.
C1 [Thedinga, John F.; Johnson, Scott W.; Neff, A. Darcie] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Thedinga, JF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM john.thedinga@noaa.gov
FU North Pacific Research Board [642, 261]; NOAA
FX We thank Fletcher Sewall and Ashwin Sreenivasan for help with field
work, the crew of the R/V Solstice for vessel support, and Adam Moles
and Jacek Maselko for reviewing this manuscript. Funding for this
research was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (Project 642,
Publication #261) and the NOAA Fisheries Essential Fish Habitat Program.
NR 30
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 90
IS 1
BP 61
EP 70
DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9718-6
PG 10
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 691DW
UT WOS:000285061500006
ER
PT B
AU Goetz, SJ
Epstein, HE
Bhatt, US
Jia, GSJ
Kaplan, JO
Lischke, H
Yu, Q
Bunn, A
Lloyd, AH
Alcaraz-Segura, D
Beck, PSA
Comiso, JC
Raynolds, MK
Walker, DA
AF Goetz, Scott J.
Epstein, Howard E.
Bhatt, Uma S.
Jia, Gensuo J.
Kaplan, Jed O.
Lischke, Heike
Yu, Qin
Bunn, Andrew
Lloyd, Andrea H.
Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo
Beck, Pieter S. A.
Comiso, Josefino C.
Raynolds, Martha K.
Walker, Donald A.
BE Gutman, G
Reissel, A
TI Recent Changes in Arctic Vegetation: Satellite Observations and
Simulation Model Predictions
SO EURASIAN ARCTIC LAND COVER AND LAND USE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; FUNCTIONAL CONVERGENCE; NORTHERN ALASKA;
CARBON EXCHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; TUNDRA; TRENDS; FIRE
AB This chapter provides an overview of observed changes in vegetation productivity in Arctic tundra and boreal forest ecosystems over the past 3 decades, based on satellite remote sensing and other observational records, and relates these to climate variables and sea ice conditions. The emerging patterns and relationships are often complex but clearly reveal a contrast in the response of the tundra and boreal biomes to recent climate change, with the tundra showing increases and undisturbed boreal forests mostly reductions in productivity. The possible reasons for this divergence are discussed and the consequences of continued climate warming for the vegetation in the Arctic region assessed using ecosystem models, both at the biome-scale and at high spatial resolution focussing on plant functional types in the tundra and the tundra-forest ecotones.
C1 [Goetz, Scott J.; Beck, Pieter S. A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.
[Epstein, Howard E.; Yu, Qin; Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Bhatt, Uma S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Dept Atmospher Sci, IARC, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Jia, Gensuo J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, START Reg Ctr Temperate E Asia, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Kaplan, Jed O.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ENAC ARVE, Stn 2, EPFL Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Lischke, Heike] WSL, Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
[Bunn, Andrew] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA.
[Lloyd, Andrea H.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Biol, Middlebury, VT 05443 USA.
[Comiso, Josefino C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Geobot Ctr, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Goetz, SJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.
EM sgoetz@whrc.org; hee2b@virginia.edu; bhatt@gi.alaska.edu;
jiong@tea.ac.cn; jed.kaplan@epfl.ch; heike.lischke@wsl.ch;
qy4a@virginia.edu; andy.bunn@wwu.edu; lloyd@middlebury.edu;
da6f@virginia.edu; pbeck@whrc.org; josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov;
fnmkr@uaf.edu; dawalker@alaska.edu
RI Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo/B-8063-2008; Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015; Lischke,
Heike/J-5719-2013;
OI Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo/0000-0001-8988-4540; Goetz,
Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308; Kaplan, Jed/0000-0001-9919-7613
NR 71
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 3
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 978-90-481-9117-8
PY 2011
BP 9
EP 36
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5_2
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BSD75
UT WOS:000284236100002
ER
PT B
AU Walker, DA
Forbes, BC
Leibman, MO
Epstein, HE
Bhatt, US
Comiso, JC
Drozdov, DS
Gubarkov, AA
Jia, GSJ
Kaarlejarvi, E
Kaplan, JO
Khomutov, AV
Kofinas, GP
Kumpula, T
Kuss, P
Moskalenko, NG
Meschtyb, NA
Pajunen, A
Raynolds, MK
Romanovsky, VE
Stammler, F
Yu, Q
AF Walker, Donald A.
Forbes, Bruce C.
Leibman, Marina O.
Epstein, Howard E.
Bhatt, Uma S.
Comiso, Josefino C.
Drozdov, Dmitri S.
Gubarkov, Anatoly A.
Jia, Gensuo J.
Kaarlejarvi, Elina
Kaplan, Jed O.
Khomutov, Artem V.
Kofinas, Gary P.
Kumpula, Timo
Kuss, Patrick
Moskalenko, Natalia G.
Meschtyb, Nina A.
Pajunen, Anu
Raynolds, Martha K.
Romanovsky, Vladimir E.
Stammler, Florian
Yu, Qin
BE Gutman, G
Reissel, A
TI Cumulative Effects of Rapid Land-Cover and Land-Use Changes on the Yamal
Peninsula, Russia
SO EURASIAN ARCTIC LAND COVER AND LAND USE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID LATE QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY; ARCTIC CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE
TEMPERATURES; VEGETATION; SIBERIA; WEST; NDVI; DISTURBANCE; RESILIENCE;
PATTERNS
AB The Yamal Peninsula in northwest Siberia is undergoing some of the most rapid land-cover and land-use changes in the Arctic due to a combination of gas development, reindeer herding, and climate change. Unusual geological conditions (nutrient-poor sands, massive ground ice and extensive landslides) exacerbate the impacts. These changes will likely increase markedly as transportation corridors are built to transport the gas to market. Understanding the nature, extent, causes and consequences (i.e., the cumulative effects) of the past and ongoing rapid changes on the Yamal is important for effective, long-term decision-making and planning. The cumulative effects to vegetation are the focus of this chapter because the plants are a critical component of the Yamal landscape that support the indigenous Nenets people and their reindeer and also protect the underlying ice-rich permafrost from melting. We are using a combination of ground-based studies (a transect of live locations across the Yamal), remote-sensing studies, and analyses of Nenets land-use activities to develop vegetation-change models that can be used to help anticipate future states of the tundra and how those changes might affect traditional reindeer herding practices and the thermal state of the permafrost. This chapter provides an overview of the approach, some early results, and recommendations for expanding the concept of cumulative-effects analysis to include examining the simultaneous and interactive effects of multiple drivers of change.
C1 [Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Geobot Ctr, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Forbes, Bruce C.; Pajunen, Anu; Stammler, Florian] Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi 96101, Finland.
[Moskalenko, Natalia G.] SB RAS, Earth Cryosphere Inst, Moscow 117982, Russia.
[Epstein, Howard E.; Yu, Qin] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Bhatt, Uma S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Dept Atmospher Sci, IARC, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Comiso, Josefino C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Gubarkov, Anatoly A.; Khomutov, Artem V.] Tyumen State Oil & Gas Univ, Tyumen 625000, Russia.
[Jia, Gensuo J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, START Reg Ctr Temperate E Asia, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Kaarlejarvi, Elina] Umea Univ, S-90187 Umea, Sweden.
[Kaplan, Jed O.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Stn 2, EPFL Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ENAC ARVE, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Kumpula, Timo] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Geog & Hist Studies, Joensuu 80101, Finland.
[Kuss, Patrick] Univ Bern, Inst Plant Sci, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland.
[Meschtyb, Nina A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ethnol & Anthropol, Dept No Studies, Moscow 119991, Russia.
RP Walker, DA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Geobot Ctr, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM dawalker@alaska.edu; bforbes@ulapland.fi; ds_drozdov@mail.ru;
hee2b@virginia.edu; bhatt@gi.alaska.edu; josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov;
ds_drozdov@mail.ru; agubarkov@gmail.com; jiong@tea.ac.cn;
elina.kaarlejarvi@gmail.com; jed.kaplan@epfl.ch; akhomutov@gmail.com;
ffgpk@uaf.edu; timo.kumpula@joensuu.fi; patrick.kuss@ips.unibe.ch;
natmoskalenko@yandex.ru; meschtyb@mail.ru; anu.pajunen@oulu.fi;
fnmkr@uaf.edu; flver@uaf.edu; florian.stammler@ulapland.fi;
qy4a@virginia.edu
OI Kaplan, Jed/0000-0001-9919-7613
NR 82
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 978-90-481-9117-8
PY 2011
BP 207
EP 236
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5_9
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9118-5
PG 30
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BSD75
UT WOS:000284236100009
ER
PT J
AU Martin, AM
Hammouda, T
AF Martin, Audrey M.
Hammouda, Tahar
TI Role of iron and reducing conditions on the stability of dolomite plus
coesite between 4.25 and 6 GPa - a potential mechanism for diamond
formation during subduction
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dolomite; coesite; subduction; high pressure; redox interactions;
decarbonation; experimental petrology; diamond
ID OCEANIC UPPER-MANTLE; HIGH-PRESSURE; PHASE-RELATIONS; SYSTEM
CACO3-MGCO3-FECO3; ULTRAMAFIC XENOLITHS; NATURAL DIAMOND; EARTHS MANTLE;
SOUTH-AFRICA; REDOX STATE; 2 CO2
AB We have investigated the effect of iron and oxygen fugacity on dolomite + coesite stability during subduction. For redox conditions buffered by the assemblage itself, the presence of iron (Fe/(Fe + Mg) ca. 0.4) lowers the decarbonation reaction by about 200 degrees C at 4.25 GPa and by 300 degrees C at 5.5 GPa, compared to the iron-free reaction. Clinopyroxene and CO(2) form by a decarbonation reaction similar to the iron-free system. At low temperature, however, graphite replaces CO(2) through redox interactions with iron in the carbonate. Melting occurs approximately 100 degrees C above decarbonation and a carbonatitic melt is produced. In a second series of experiments, we imposed lower oxygen fugacity by adding molybdenum, in order to study the potential redox mechanisms in contact with the peridotitic mantle. In these samples, we observe systematic carbon reduction producing the assemblage clinopyroxene + graphite. Our results show that the stability of dolomite + coesite on a subduction path is limited by redox interactions, in addition to pressure and temperature. As our experiments were run in the stability field of diamond, we also demonstrate that diamond may form from dolomite + coesite during subduction. Chemical diffusion of iron and oxygen in the slab and at the slab/mantle interface appears to be a key parameter to determine at what pressure temperature conditions this may happen.
C1 [Martin, Audrey M.; Hammouda, Tahar] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Univ, Lab Magmas & Volcans, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
[Martin, Audrey M.; Hammouda, Tahar] LMV, CNRS, UMR 6524, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France.
[Martin, Audrey M.; Hammouda, Tahar] LMV, IRD, R 163, F-63068 Clermont Ferrand, France.
[Martin, Audrey M.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Martin, AM (reprint author), Univ Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Univ, Lab Magmas & Volcans, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
EM audrey.m.martin@nasa.gov
OI Martin, Audrey/0000-0002-1165-8866
FU CNRS-INSU
FX D. Laporte and D. Andrault are sincerely acknowledged for their
comments. The authors are also grateful to K. Righter for English
corrections and interesting comments. Dolomite starting material was
kindly provided by B. Devouard. Assistance by J.-L. Devidal on electron
microprobe, by J.-M. Henot and F. Faure on scanning electron microscope,
by J.-M. Nedelec on Raman microprobe and by N. Bolfan-Casanova, F.
Pointud and J.-L. Fruquiere on multi-anvil apparatus is gratefully
acknowledged. We also thank R.W. Luth and G.M. Yaxley for their
constructive reviews, and B. Fritz, C. Shaw and C. Chopin for their
editorial work. Financial support from CNRS-INSU (DyETI program) is also
acknowledged. The multi-anvil apparatus of Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans
is financially supported by the Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique (Instrument National de l'INSU).
NR 52
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 15
PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS
PI STUTTGART
PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176
STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0935-1221
J9 EUR J MINERAL
JI Eur. J. Mineral.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 23
IS 1
BP 5
EP 16
DI 10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2067
PG 12
WC Mineralogy
SC Mineralogy
GA 735HN
UT WOS:000288404900002
ER
PT S
AU Zhang, WW
AF Zhang, William W.
BE Hudec, R
Pina, L
TI Lightweight and High Angular Resolution X-ray Optics for Astronomy
SO EUV AND X-RAY OPTICS: SYNERGY BETWEEN LABORATORY AND SPACE II
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on EUV and X-Ray Optics - Synergy between Laboratory and
Space II
CY APR 20-21, 2011
CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC
SP SPIE
DE X-ray optics; x-ray astronomy; lightweight optics; x-ray mirrors
ID GENERATION-X
AB Astronomical observation in the x-ray band (wavelength from similar to 100 - 0.1 Angstroms) must take place above the atmosphere on a space platform. The most effective means of collecting x-ray photons is with imaging optics. As such lightweight and high angular resolution optics are essential for continued success of x-ray astronomy in coming years and decades. In this paper, I will briefly review the development of x-ray optics for astronomy in the past few decades and outline the technical approaches that we have adopted at the Goddard Space Flight Center for developing lightweight and high resolution x-ray optics to enable small and medium missions that can be implemented in the current decade as well flagship missions that can be implemented in the 2020' s.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-666-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8076
AR 807602
DI 10.1117/12.890690
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BXY15
UT WOS:000297594500002
ER
PT J
AU Lacap, DC
Warren-Rhodes, KA
McKay, CP
Pointing, SB
AF Lacap, Donnabella C.
Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.
McKay, Christopher P.
Pointing, Stephen B.
TI Cyanobacteria and chloroflexi-dominated hypolithic colonization of
quartz at the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile
SO EXTREMOPHILES
LA English
DT Article
DE Atacama; Chloroflexi; Chroococcidiopsis; Desert; Hyper-arid; Hypolith
ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENTAL
GRADIENTS; RADIATION-RESISTANCE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; COLORADO PLATEAU;
CENTRAL TIBET; CHINA HOT; SOIL; COLD
AB Quartz stones are ubiquitous in deserts and are a substrate for hypoliths, microbial colonists of the underside of such stones. These hypoliths thrive where extreme temperature and moisture stress limit the occurrence of higher plant and animal life. Several studies have reported the occurrence of green hypolithic colonization dominated by cyanobacteria. Here, we describe a novel red hypolithic colonization from Yungay, at the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert in Chile. Comparative analysis of green and red hypoliths from this site revealed markedly different microbial community structure as revealed by 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Green hypoliths were dominated by cyanobacteria (Chroococcidiopsis and Nostocales phylotypes), whilst the red hypolith was dominated by a taxonomically diverse group of chloroflexi. Heterotrophic phylotypes common to all hypoliths were affiliated largely to desiccation-tolerant taxa within the Actinobacteria and Deinococci. Alphaproteobacterial phylotypes that affiliated with nitrogen-fixing taxa were unique to green hypoliths, whilst Gemmatimonadetes phylotypes occurred only on red hypolithon. Other heterotrophic phyla recovered with very low frequency were assumed to represent functionally relatively unimportant taxa.
C1 [Lacap, Donnabella C.; Pointing, Stephen B.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.; McKay, Christopher P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA.
RP Pointing, SB (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM pointing@hku.hk
FU NASA; Hong Kong Research Grants Council [HKU7733/08M HKU7763/10]
FX The authors acknowledge support extended by NASA's Astrobiology Science
and Technology for Exploring Planets (ASTEP) program, and the Hong Kong
Research Grants Council (Grant number HKU7733/08M HKU7763/10).
NR 48
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 3
U2 33
PU SPRINGER TOKYO
PI TOKYO
PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN
SN 1431-0651
J9 EXTREMOPHILES
JI Extremophiles
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 15
IS 1
BP 31
EP 38
DI 10.1007/s00792-010-0334-3
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology
GA 703TL
UT WOS:000286004100003
PM 21069402
ER
PT J
AU Sayyah, R
Macleod, TC
Ho, FD
AF Sayyah, Rana
Macleod, Todd C.
Ho, Fat D.
TI Radiation-Hardened Electronics and Ferroelectric Memory for Space Flight
Systems
SO FERROELECTRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Radiation-hardened electronics; satellite; FRAM; ferroelectric memory
AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is developing high-tolerance, radiation-hardened electronics for missions in and beyond Low Earth orbit. Ferroelectric-based electronics are highly viable candidates for these electronics because of their inherent radiation-hardened property. Since standard memory devices are prone to damage caused by radiation, ferroelectric memory may provide the needed radiation-tolerance. To test the effectiveness of ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) in Low Earth orbit, a 512 K Ramtron FRAM will be flown on a Low Earth orbit satellite that will be launched by NASA. This paper discusses the advantages of ferroelectric electronics and outlines the Low Earth orbit ferroelectric memory test experiment.
C1 [Sayyah, Rana; Ho, Fat D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Macleod, Todd C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Ho, FD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
EM Ho@ece.uah.edu
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0015-0193
J9 FERROELECTRICS
JI Ferroelectrics
PY 2011
VL 413
BP 170
EP 175
DI 10.1080/00150193.2011.554145
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 880BG
UT WOS:000299378500017
ER
PT J
AU Bi, HS
Peterson, WT
Lamb, J
Casillas, E
AF Bi, Hongsheng
Peterson, William T.
Lamb, Jesse
Casillas, Edmundo
TI Copepods and salmon: characterizing the spatial distribution of juvenile
salmon along the Washington and Oregon coast, USA
SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE copepods; generalized linear mixed models; habitat modeling; salmon;
spatial distribution
ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COLUMBIA RIVER
PLUME; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; MIXED MODELS; PACIFIC; CHINOOK; OCEAN;
TSHAWYTSCHA; ZOOPLANKTON
AB Yearling Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were sampled concurrently with physical variables (temperature, salinity, depth) and biological variables (chlorophyll a concentration and copepod abundance) along the Washington and Oregon coast in June 1998-2008. Copepod species were divided into four different groups based on their water-type affinities: cold neritic, subarctic oceanic, warm neritic, and warm oceanic. Generalized linear mixed models were used to quantify the relationship between the abundance of these four different copepod groups and the abundance of juvenile salmon. The relationships between juvenile salmon and different copepod groups were further validated using regression analysis of annual mean juvenile salmon abundance versus the mean abundance of the copepod groups. Yearling Chinook salmon abundance was negatively correlated with warm oceanic copepods, warm neritic copepods, and bottom depth, and positively correlated with cold neritic copepods, subarctic copepods, and chlorophyll a concentration. The selected habitat variables explained 67% of the variation in yearling Chinook abundance. Yearling coho salmon abundance was negatively correlated with warm oceanic copepods, warm neritic copepods, and bottom depth, and positively correlated with temperature. The selected habitat variables explained 40% of the variation in yearling coho abundance. Results suggest that copepod communities can be used to characterize spatio-temporal patterns of abundance of juvenile salmon, i.e., large-scale interannual variations in ocean conditions (warm versus cold years) and inshore-offshore (cross-shelf) gradients in the abundance of juvenile salmon can be characterized by differences in the abundance of copepod species with various water mass affinities.
C1 [Bi, Hongsheng; Lamb, Jesse] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Bi, Hongsheng] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomon, MD 20688 USA.
[Peterson, William T.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Casillas, Edmundo] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Bi, HS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM hbi@cbl.umces.edu
RI Bi, Hongsheng/B-9409-2012
FU NOAA/NSF [NA09NMF4720182]; U.S. GLOBEC program; Bonneville Power
Administration
FX This synthesis research was made possible by grant number NA09NMF4720182
from NOAA/NSF CAMEO program and support from U.S. GLOBEC program. This
paper is contribution No. 6 from the CAMEO program. Data collection was
funded by Bonneville Power Administration. We thank the many people who
contributed greatly to the collection and processing of data: Susan
Hinton, Cheryl Morgan, Cindy Bucher, Brian Beckman, Elizabeth Daly, Jen
Zamon, Troy Guy, and Laurie Weitkamp. We are especially indebted to our
database team: Cheryl Morgan, Cindy Bucher, and Susan Hinton. We thank
Franz Mueter and Molly Sturdevant for their prompt and thorough reviews.
NR 48
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 19
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1054-6006
J9 FISH OCEANOGR
JI Fish Oceanogr.
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 2
BP 125
EP 138
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00573.x
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Oceanography
GA 719IJ
UT WOS:000287198100004
ER
PT J
AU Coyle, KO
Eisner, LB
Mueter, FJ
Pinchuk, AI
Janout, MA
Cieciel, KD
Farley, EV
Andrews, AG
AF Coyle, K. O.
Eisner, L. B.
Mueter, F. J.
Pinchuk, A. I.
Janout, M. A.
Cieciel, K. D.
Farley, E. V.
Andrews, A. G.
TI Climate change in the southeastern Bering Sea: impacts on pollock stocks
and implications for the oscillating control hypothesis
SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bering Sea; climate; fish; pollock; predation; zooplankton
ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; DAYTIME SURFACE SWARMS; AGE-0 WALLEYE
POLLOCK; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS;
INNER FRONT; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CARRYING-CAPACITY; PELAGIC ECOSYSTEM
AB Concern about impacts of climate change in the Bering Sea prompted several research programs to elucidate mechanistic links between climate and ecosystem responses. Following a detailed literature review, Hunt et al. (2011) (Deep-Sea Res. II, 49, 2002, 5821) developed a conceptual framework, the Oscillating Control Hypothesis (OCH), linking climate-related changes in physical oceanographic conditions to stock recruitment using walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) as a model. The OCH conceptual model treats zooplankton as a single box, with reduced zooplankton production during cold conditions, producing bottom-up control of apex predators and elevated zooplankton production during warm periods leading to top-down control by apex predators. A recent warming trend followed by rapid cooling on the Bering Sea shelf permitted testing of the OCH. During warm years (2003-06), euphausiid and Calanus marshallae populations declined, post-larval pollock diets shifted from a mixture of large zooplankton and small copepods to almost exclusively small copepods, and juvenile pollock dominated the diets of large predators. With cooling from 2006-09, populations of large zooplankton increased, post-larval pollock consumed greater proportions of C. marshallae and other large zooplankton, and juvenile pollock virtually disappeared from the diets of large pollock and salmon. These shifts in energy flow were accompanied by large declines in pollock stocks attributed to poor recruitment between 2001 and 2005. Observations presented here indicate the need for revision of the OCH to account for shifts in energy flow through differing food-web pathways due to warming and cooling on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf.
C1 [Coyle, K. O.; Mueter, F. J.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Eisner, L. B.; Janout, M. A.; Cieciel, K. D.; Farley, E. V.; Andrews, A. G.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Pinchuk, A. I.] Univ Alaska, Seward Marine Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
RP Coyle, KO (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM coyle@ims.uaf.edu
FU Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; Bering Sea
Fisherman's Association; North Pacific Research Board; NOAA; National
Marine Fisheries Service; National Science Foundation [ARC-0816805]
FX Many thanks to NOAA/AFSC BASIS program scientists Mary Courtney, Angela
Feldman, Jeanette Gann, Erik Husoe, Jennifer Lanksbury, Jamal Moss, Jim
Murphy, John Pohl and Ellen Martinson for oceanographic and fisheries
data collection, lab analysis and database management. We particularly
acknowledge Russian TINRO scientists Natalia Kusnetsova, Oleg Ivanov and
Anatoly Volkov for their dedicated efforts with fish sorting,
zooplankton Juday sampling and fish diet analysis. Zooplankton sample
processing at University of Alaska was done by Elizabeth Stockman and
Chris Stark. George Hunt provided useful commentary and suggestions on
the manuscript; he is currently working on revision of the OCH in
response to the observations outlined in this paper. We are grateful for
assistance with survey efforts from many other enthusiastic scientists
and volunteers. We thank the dedicated crews of the F/V Sea Storm, F/V
NW Explorer, and R/V Oscar Dyson for the many successful BASIS cruises.
BEST-BSIERP research was conducted on the USCGC Healy with technical
support from the captain, crew and UNOLS technicians. BASIS efforts were
funded by Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative, Bering
Sea Fisherman's Association, North Pacific Research Board, NOAA
Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) and National Marine Fisheries
Service. BEST-BSIERP efforts were funded by National Science Foundation
award number ARC-0816805. Mooring data was supplied courtesy of Phyllis
Stabeno, Pacific Marine Environmental Lab. This is BEST-BSIERP
publication no. 9.
NR 79
TC 113
Z9 116
U1 3
U2 42
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1054-6006
J9 FISH OCEANOGR
JI Fish Oceanogr.
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 2
BP 139
EP 156
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00574.x
PG 18
WC Fisheries; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Oceanography
GA 719IJ
UT WOS:000287198100005
ER
PT S
AU Giannakopoulou, D
Pasareanu, CS
AF Giannakopoulou, Dimitra
Pasareanu, Corina S.
BE Bernardo, M
Issarny, V
TI Context Synthesis
SO FORMAL METHODS FOR ETERNAL NETWORKED SOFTWARE SYSTEMS, SFM 2011
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International School on Formal Methods for the Design of Computer,
Communication and Software Systems (SFM)
CY JUN 13-18, 2011
CL Bertinoro, ITALY
ID COMPOSITIONAL VERIFICATION; LEARNING ASSUMPTIONS; L-ASTERISK; GENERATION
AB With the advent of component-based and distributed software development, service-oriented computing, and other such concepts, components are no longer viewed as parts of specific systems, but rather as open systems that can be reused, or connected dynamically, in a variety of environments to form larger systems. Reasoning about components as open systems is different from reasoning about closed systems, since property satisfaction may depend on the context in which a component may be introduced.
Component interfaces are an important feature of open sytems, since interfaces summarize the expectations that a component has from the contexts in which it gets introduced. Traditionally, component interfaces have been of a purely syntactic form, including information about the services/methods that can be invoked on the component, and their signatures, meaning the numbers and types of arguments and their return values. However, there is a recognized need for richer interfaces that capture additional aspects of a component. For example, interfaces may characterize legal sequences of invocations to component services.
Generating compact and yet useful component interfaces is a challenging task to perform manually. Over the last decade, several approaches have been developed for performing context synthesis, i.e., generating component interfaces automatically. This tutorial mostly reviews such techniques developed by the authors, but also discusses alternative techniques for context synthesis.
C1 [Pasareanu, Corina S.] Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Giannakopoulou, Dimitra] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Giannakopoulou, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM dimitra.giannakopoulou@nasa.gov; corina.s.pasareanu@nasa.gov
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-642-21455-4
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2011
VL 6659
BP 191
EP 216
PG 26
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BG8AL
UT WOS:000392142900006
ER
PT S
AU Chen, YJ
Birnbaum, KM
Hemmati, H
AF Chen, Yijiang
Birnbaum, Kevin M.
Hemmati, Hamid
BE Hemmati, H
TI Field demonstrations of active laser ranging with sub-mm precision
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXIII
CY JAN 26-27, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE precision laser ranging; laser ranging; laser communications
ID SUPERNOVAE
AB Precision ranging between planets will provide valuable information for scientific studies of the solar system and fundamental physics. Current passive ranging techniques using retro-reflectors are limited to the Earth-Moon distance due to 1/R(4) losses. We report on a laboratory realization and field implementation of active laser ranging in real-time with two terminals, emulating interplanetary distances. Sub-millimeter accuracy is demonstrated.
C1 [Chen, Yijiang; Birnbaum, Kevin M.; Hemmati, Hamid] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Chen, YJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8460-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 7923
AR 79230S
DI 10.1117/12.875799
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BYC55
UT WOS:000297975300023
ER
PT S
AU Hemmati, H
Farr, WH
Biswas, A
Birnbaum, KM
Roberts, WT
Quirk, K
Townes, S
AF Hemmati, H.
Farr, W. H.
Biswas, A.
Birnbaum, K. M.
Roberts, W. T.
Quirk, K.
Townes, S.
BE Hemmati, H
TI Deep-space Optical Terminals (DOT)
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXIII
CY JAN 26-27, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
AB A conceptual design study titled Deep-space Optical Terminals was recently completed for an optical communication technology demonstration from Mars in the 2018 time frame. We report on engineering trades for the entire system, and for individual subsystems including the flight terminal, the ground receiver and the ground transmitter. A point design is described to meet the requirement for greater than 0.25 Gb/s downlink from the nearest distance to Mars of 0.42 AU with a maximum mass and power allocation of 40 kg and 110 W. Furthermore, the concept design addresses link closure at the farthest Mars range of 2.7 AU. Maximum uplink data-rate of 0.3 Mb/s and ranging with 30 cm precision are also addressed.
C1 [Hemmati, H.; Farr, W. H.; Biswas, A.; Birnbaum, K. M.; Roberts, W. T.; Quirk, K.; Townes, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Hemmati, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8460-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 7923
AR 79230C
DI 10.1117/12.878930
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BYC55
UT WOS:000297975300010
ER
PT S
AU Sburlan, SE
Birnbaum, KM
Farr, WH
AF Sburlan, S. E.
Birnbaum, K. M.
Farr, W. H.
BE Hemmati, H
TI Deep space uplink receiver prototype for optical communications
SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XXIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXIII
CY JAN 26-27, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Centroiding; Geiger mode detector; deep space optical communication;
Gaussian beam; receiver; microlens array; laser; pixel; field of view;
prototype
AB A hardware prototype of a flight receiver for deep space optical communications has been developed where a single detector array is used for acquisition, tracking, and high-speed data recovery. A counting algorithm accumulates pulses on every pixel in a photon-counting array and extracts signal information encoded with a nested modulation scheme.
C1 [Sburlan, S. E.; Birnbaum, K. M.; Farr, W. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Sburlan, SE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8460-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 7923
AR 79230K
DI 10.1117/12.877206
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BYC55
UT WOS:000297975300015
ER
PT S
AU Mahabal, AA
Djorgovski, SG
Donalek, C
Drake, AJ
Graham, MJ
Williams, RD
Moghaddam, B
Turmon, M
AF Mahabal, A. A.
Djorgovski, S. G.
Donalek, C.
Drake, A. J.
Graham, M. J.
Williams, R. D.
Moghaddam, B.
Turmon, M.
BE Turon, C
Meynadier, F
Arenou, F
TI CLASSIFICATION OF OPTICAL TRANSIENTS: EXPERIENCES FROM PQ AND CRTS
SURVEYS
SO GAIA: AT THE FRONTIERS OF ASTROMETRY
SE EAS Publications Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Gaia at the Frontiers of Astrometry
CY JUN 07-11, 2010
CL Sevres, FRANCE
SP Observatoire Paris, ESA, CNES
AB Synoptic sky surveys are opening up exciting opportunities in time domain astronomy. Gala will make a great contribution to this field. A crucial factor for good scientific returns is real-time classification of transients, in order to optimize their follow-up. We have been developing infrastructure towards this end starting from the completed Palomar-Quest (PQ) survey, and the ongoing Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS). CRTS has been consistently producing transients for almost three years now. We describe here the efforts related to transient classification and event dissemination. Many of the technologies and methodologies we are developing may benefit Gala.
C1 [Mahabal, A. A.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Donalek, C.; Drake, A. J.; Graham, M. J.; Williams, R. D.] CALTECH, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Moghaddam, B.; Turmon, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Mahabal, AA (reprint author), CALTECH, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI CEDEX A
PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 1633-4760
BN 978-2-7598-0608-9
J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS
PY 2011
VL 45
BP 173
EP +
DI 10.1051/eas/1045030
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BUG58
UT WOS:000289226200030
ER
PT S
AU Bourda, G
Charlot, P
Jacobs, CS
AF Bourda, G.
Charlot, P.
Jacobs, C. S.
BE Turon, C
Meynadier, F
Arenou, F
TI FUTURE RADIO REFERENCE FRAMES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE GAIA LINK
SO GAIA: AT THE FRONTIERS OF ASTROMETRY
SE EAS Publications Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Gaia at the Frontiers of Astrometry
CY JUN 07-11, 2010
CL Sevres, FRANCE
SP Observatoire Paris, ESA, CNES
ID CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME; ASTROMETRIC SUITABILITY
AB Since January 1st, 2010, the IAU (International Astronomical Union) fundamental celestial reference frame has been the 2nd International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRIF2), which is composed of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) positions for more than 3000 extragalactic radio sources. This frame is constantly improving through joint efforts of the VLBI community. By surveying the whole sky up to magnitude 20, the European space astrometric mission Gaia will soon create its own celestial reference frame directly in the optical domain and with many more sources. By 2015-2020, the two frames will thus cohabit and it will be important to align these to the highest accuracy for consistency between optical and radio positions. In this paper, we present the various observational approaches that are undertaken to improve the VLBI frame in the future. These include extension to weaker sources for densification, extension to higher radio frequencies to take advantage of the more compact morphology of the sources at these frequencies, and further observations in the southern hemisphere for homogeneous sky coverage. We also elaborate on how such future radio frames should contribute to highly-precise alignment between the VLBI and Gaia frames within the next decade.
C1 [Bourda, G.; Charlot, P.] Univ Bordeaux, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5804, 2 Rue Observ,BP 89, F-33271 Floirac, France.
[Jacobs, C. S.] NASA, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 94043 USA.
RP Bourda, G (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5804, 2 Rue Observ,BP 89, F-33271 Floirac, France.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI CEDEX A
PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 1633-4760
BN 978-2-7598-0608-9
J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS
PY 2011
VL 45
BP 377
EP +
DI 10.1051/eas/1045063
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BUG58
UT WOS:000289226200063
ER
PT S
AU Piro, L
den Herder, JW
Ohashi, T
Hartmann, DH
Kouveliotou, C
AF Piro, L.
den Herder, J. W.
Ohashi, T.
Hartmann, D. H.
Kouveliotou, C.
CA ORIGIN Team
BE McEnery, JE
Racusin, JL
Gehrels, N
TI ORIGIN: Metal Creation and Evolution From The Cosmic Dawn
SO GAMMA RAY BURSTS 2010
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference of the Gamma Ray Bursts
CY NOV 01-04, 2010
CL Annapolis, MD
DE Cosmology; Gamma-Ray Burst; First stars; Large Scale Structure
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
AB ORIGIN is a mission designed to use Gamma-Ray Bursts as a unique probe to study the cosmic history of baryons and the metal enrichment from the first stars up to the present Universe. Reconstructing the cosmic history of metals, from the first population of stars to the processes involved in the formation of galaxies and clusters of galaxies, is a key observational challenge. Observing any single star in the early Universe is in fact beyond the reach of presently planned mission. By measuring GRB redshifts and abundances in the circumburst medium deep into the era of re-ionization (z>6), ORIGIN will discover when star formation started and how it evolved into the present day structures. ORIGIN will collect 400 GRBs per year covering the full redshift distribution. About twice per month a GRB from the re-ionization era will trigger the instruments. The resulting multi-element abundance patterns derived from high resolution X-ray and IR observations will map the evolving chemical composition of the early Universe, "fingerprint" the elusive PopIII stars, and constrain the shape of the Initial Mass Function (IMF) of the first stars. While not observing GRB afterglows, ORIGIN will map element abundances in local structures (z<2) by determining the properties of the hot IGM in clusters and groups of galaxies and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM). In this paper we focus on the use of GRB to track the earliest star populations.
C1 [Piro, L.] INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[den Herder, J. W.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, I-3584 Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Ohashi, T.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo, Japan.
[Hartmann, D. H.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA.
[Kouveliotou, C.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA.
RP Piro, L (reprint author), INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
RI PIRO, LUIGI/E-4954-2013
OI PIRO, LUIGI/0000-0003-4159-3984
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0916-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2011
VL 1358
DI 10.1063/1.3621820
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BZU09
UT WOS:000302963100095
ER
PT J
AU Wierzchos, J
Camara, B
De Los Rios, A
Davila, AF
Almazo, IMS
Artieda, O
Wierzchos, K
Gomez-Silva, B
Mckay, C
Ascaso, C
AF Wierzchos, J.
Camara, B.
De Los Rios, A.
Davila, A. F.
Sanchez Almazo, I. M.
Artieda, O.
Wierzchos, K.
Gomez-Silva, B.
McKay, C.
Ascaso, C.
TI Microbial colonization of Ca-sulfate crusts in the hyperarid core of the
Atacama Desert: implications for the search for life on Mars
SO GEOBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; WATER RELATIONS; LIGHT
PENETRATION; NEGEV-DESERT; GYPSUM CRUST; MARTIAN LIFE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS;
COMMUNITY; LICHENS
AB The scarcity of liquid water in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert makes this region one of the most challenging environments for life on Earth. The low numbers of microbial cells in the soils suggest that within the Atacama Desert lies the dry limit for life on our planet. Here, we show that the Ca-sulfate crusts of this hyperarid core are the habitats of lithobiontic micro-organisms. This microporous, translucent substrate is colonized by epilithic lichens, as well as endolithic free-living algae, fungal hyphae, cyanobacteria and non photosynthetic bacteria. We also report a novel type of endolithic community, "hypoendoliths", colonizing the undermost layer of the crusts. The colonization of gypsum crusts within the hyperarid core appears to be controlled by the moisture regime. Our data shows that the threshold for colonization is crossed within the dry core, with abundant colonization in gypsum crusts at one study site, while crusts at a drier site are virtually devoid of life. We show that the cumulative time in 1 year of relative humidity (RH) above 60% is the best parameter to explain the difference in colonization between both sites. This is supported by controlled humidity experiments, where we show that colonies of endolithic cyanobacteria in the Ca-sulfate crust undergo imbibition process at RH > 60%. Assuming that life once arose on Mars, it is conceivable that Martian micro-organisms sought refuge in similar isolated evaporite microenvironments during their last struggle for life as their planet turned arid.
C1 [Wierzchos, J.; Camara, B.; De Los Rios, A.; Ascaso, C.] CSIC, CCMA, Inst Recursos Nat, Dept Ecol Sistemas, Madrid, Spain.
[Davila, A. F.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA.
[Sanchez Almazo, I. M.] Univ Granada, CEAMA, Granada, Spain.
[Artieda, O.] Univ Extremadura, Dept Biol Vegetal Ecol & Ciencias Tierra, Plasencia, Spain.
[Wierzchos, K.] Univ Complutense, Fac Fis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
[Gomez-Silva, B.] Univ Antofagasta, Unidad Bioquim, Antofagasta, Chile.
[McKay, C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Planetary & Space Sci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Wierzchos, J (reprint author), CSIC, CCMA, Inst Recursos Nat, Dept Ecol Sistemas, Madrid, Spain.
EM j.wierzchos@ccma.csic.es
RI Wierzchos, Jacek/F-7036-2011; Ascaso, Carmen/F-5369-2011; Davila,
Alfonso/A-2198-2013; de los Rios, Asuncion/L-3694-2014; Camara Gallego,
Beatriz/H-6407-2015
OI Wierzchos, Jacek/0000-0003-3084-3837; Ascaso,
Carmen/0000-0001-9665-193X; Davila, Alfonso/0000-0002-0977-9909; de los
Rios, Asuncion/0000-0002-0266-3516; Camara Gallego,
Beatriz/0000-0003-4945-3134
FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2006-05027/BTE,
CGL2007-62875/BOS, CTM2009-12838-CO4-CO3]; CSIC (Spanish Research
Council) [PIE-631A]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Education
[BES-2007-15145]
FX The authors would like to thank F. Pinto, T. Carnota and D. Herera for
technical assistance, A. Burton for reviewing the English and F. X. G.
Coloma for the SIM-ApoTome images. This work was supported by grants
CGL2006-05027/BTE, CGL2007-62875/BOS y CTM2009-12838-CO4-CO3 from the
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and grant PIE-631A from the
CSIC (Spanish Research Council) and by a predoctoral fellowship (FPI
program, BES-2007-15145) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and
Education.
NR 69
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 6
U2 52
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1472-4677
EI 1472-4669
J9 GEOBIOLOGY
JI Geobiology
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 9
IS 1
BP 44
EP 60
DI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2010.00254.x
PG 17
WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Geology
GA 693TI
UT WOS:000285247900006
PM 20726901
ER
PT J
AU Mulac, BL
AF Mulac, Brenda L.
TI Remote sensing applications of unmanned aircraft: challenges to flight
in United States airspace
SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE UAS; unmanned aircraft; airspace; remote sensing
AB The capabilities of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have improved dramatically in the past 5 years, and as a result UAS have become increasingly popular among scientists. Missions that require long dwell times and/or are in locations generally too dangerous for manned aircraft are particularly suited to UAS, and scientists are looking more and more to UAS to perform these types of remote sensing missions. Sea ice characterization, mapping of fault lines, hurricane monitoring and satellite calibration/validation (cal/val) are some examples of applications that benefit from the use of UAS. Operations involving UAS have unique challenges compared to manned aircraft. For example, most instruments must be automated and miniaturized. One of the greatest challenges, however, is gaining access to the United States national airspace system (NAS). Currently, access is only granted to government agencies and universities through a certificate of authorization (COA) process. This article will provide a general view of UAS, US NAS, and the COA process. The challenges to flying UAS in the NAS will then be discussed. Finally, example missions will be described in detail with special attention to the specific challenges inherent to the operation.
C1 NASA, Airborne Sci Program, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
RP Mulac, BL (reprint author), NASA, Airborne Sci Program, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
EM brenda.l.mulac@nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1010-6049
J9 GEOCARTO INT
JI Geocarto Int.
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 2
SI SI
BP 71
EP 83
DI 10.1080/10106049.2010.537786
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
GA V27RT
UT WOS:000208631000002
ER
PT J
AU Ambrosia, VG
Wegener, S
Zajkowski, T
Sullivan, DV
Buechel, S
Enomoto, F
Lobitz, B
Johan, S
Brass, J
Hinkley, E
AF Ambrosia, V. G.
Wegener, S.
Zajkowski, T.
Sullivan, D. V.
Buechel, S.
Enomoto, F.
Lobitz, B.
Johan, S.
Brass, J.
Hinkley, E.
TI The Ikhana unmanned airborne system (UAS) western states fire imaging
missions: from concept to reality (2006-2010)
SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE UAS/UAV; Ikhana; wildfire; CDE; thermal-infrared
AB Between 2006 and 2010, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the US Forest Service flew 14 unmanned airborne system (UAS) sensor missions, over 57 fires in the western US. The missions demonstrated the capabilities of a UAS platform (NASA Ikhana UAS), a multispectral sensor (autonomous modular sensor (AMS)), onboard processing and data visualization (Wildfire Collaborative Decision Environment (W-CDE)), to provide fire intelligence to management teams. Autonomous, on-board processing of the AMS sensor data allowed real-time fire product delivery to incident management teams on the wildfire events. The fire products included geo-rectified, colour-composite quick-look imagery, fire detection shape files, post-fire real-time normalized burn ratio imagery and burn area emergency response (BAER) imagery. The W-CDE was developed to allow the ingestion and visualization of AMS data and other pertinent fire-related information layers. This article highlights the technologies developed and employed, the UAS wildfire imaging missions performed and the outcomes and findings of the multi-year efforts.
C1 [Ambrosia, V. G.; Lobitz, B.] Calif State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
[Wegener, S.; Buechel, S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst BAERI, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Zajkowski, T.] RedCastle Resources Inc, US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr RSAC, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Sullivan, D. V.; Enomoto, F.; Johan, S.; Brass, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Hinkley, E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
RP Ambrosia, VG (reprint author), Calif State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
EM vincent.g.ambrosia@nasa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [REASoN-0109-0172,
NNX09AW28A]
FX The authors acknowledge the support of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) through grants (REASoN-0109-0172 and ARRA
grant No. NNX09AW28A) awarded to support this work. They are also
grateful for the support of: S. Ambrose (NASA), T. Fryberger (NASA), B.
Cobleigh (NASA), T. Rigney (NASA), M. Rivas (NASA), G. Buoni (NASA), K.
Howell, J. Myers (UCSC), T. Hildum (UCSC), M. Cooper (GA-ASI) and S.
Schoenung (BAERI). They also acknowledge the wildfire management
community members who engaged them in defining observation criteria and
metrics that allowed the authors to help improve their wildfire/disaster
mitigation capabilities.
NR 19
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 5
U2 29
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1010-6049
J9 GEOCARTO INT
JI Geocarto Int.
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 2
SI SI
BP 85
EP 101
DI 10.1080/10106049.2010.539302
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
GA V27RT
UT WOS:000208631000003
ER
PT J
AU Fladeland, M
Sumich, M
Lobitz, B
Kolyer, R
Herlth, D
Berthold, R
McKinnon, D
Monforton, L
Brass, J
Bland, G
AF Fladeland, Matt
Sumich, Mark
Lobitz, Brad
Kolyer, Rick
Herlth, Don
Berthold, Randy
McKinnon, Doug
Monforton, Lesli
Brass, Jim
Bland, Geoff
TI The NASA SIERRA science demonstration programme and the role of
small-medium unmanned aircraft for earth science investigations
SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE remote sensing; UAV; airborne science; sea ice; earth science
AB Earth scientists use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enable measurements and observations that cannot be collected by manned aircraft such as the ER-2, DC-8 or B-200. Science community interest in UAVs to date has largely been focused on the larger class of UAV such as the Global Hawk and Predator, because of the large mass of legacy airborne science instruments. With the continued miniaturization of instruments and data systems and the rapid pace of development of all classes of UAV world-wide during the past decade, smaller classes of UAV are now capable of providing important science measurements and observations. Small ( < 550 lbs GTOW) and medium-class UAV ( > 500 lbs GTOW) complement the larger platforms by enabling in situ measurements of the atmospheric boundary layer with low-altitude remote sensing or air sampling, while providing a relatively low cost platform for storm penetration and dangerous, remote missions where the system may not return. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Sensor Integrated Environmental Remote Research Aircraft (SIERRA) project at the Ames Research Center (ARC) has demonstrated the utility of a medium class unmanned aircraft for providing science measurements in remote and dangerous environments using active, passive and in situ earth science instrument payloads. This article describes the SIERRA project, details past and future missions, and discusses the primary requirements for small and medium class UAV.
C1 [Fladeland, Matt; Sumich, Mark; Kolyer, Rick; Herlth, Don; Berthold, Randy; Brass, Jim] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Lobitz, Brad] Calif State Univ, Div Sci & Environm Policy, Seaside, CA USA.
[McKinnon, Doug] CL 3 Commun Vertex, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Bland, Geoff] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops, VA USA.
RP Fladeland, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM matthew.fladeland@nasa.gov
FU NASA [NNA10DE11C, NNA07CN16A, NNX09AN29A]
FX The contribution to the work authored by McKinnon, Lobitz and Monforton
was authored as part of the Contributors' contract NNA10DE11C,
NNA07CN16A, and NNX09AN29A respectively and is published by permission
of NASA.
NR 9
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 21
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1010-6049
EI 1752-0762
J9 GEOCARTO INT
JI Geocarto Int.
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 2
SI SI
BP 157
EP 163
DI 10.1080/10106049.2010.537375
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
Science & Photographic Technology
GA V27RT
UT WOS:000208631000008
ER
PT J
AU Kuang, WJ
Tangborn, A
AF Kuang, Weijia
Tangborn, Andrew
BE Mandea, M
Korte, M
TI Interpretation of Core Field Models
SO GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS AND MODELS
SE IAGA Special Sopron Book Series
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID GEOMAGNETIC SECULAR VARIATION; EARTHS MAGNETIC-FIELD; SATELLITE DATA;
TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; SURFACE FLOWS; DIPOLE-MOMENT;
MHD SYSTEM; MANTLE; GEODYNAMO
AB In this chapter we review several recent research results on the observed geomagnetic secular variation and secular acceleration, the core flow models inferred from these observations, and their implications, in particular those of the torsional oscillations, on short period secular variation and on the dynamical properties inside the core. We also provide a comprehensive review on the recent development in geomagnetic data assimilation, and its applications to predict future secular variation. Most of the reviewed research results are either reported in IAGA General Assembly in Soporan in 2009, or in the period between this and the previous IAGA conference.
C1 [Kuang, Weijia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Tangborn, Andrew] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Kuang, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Weijia.Kuang-1@nasa.gov; tangborn@umbc.edu
OI Korte, Monika/0000-0003-2970-9075
NR 70
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 978-90-481-9858-0
J9 IAGA SPEC SOPRON
PY 2011
VL 5
BP 295
EP 309
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9858-0_12
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9858-0
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA BGB68
UT WOS:000322204900012
ER
PT B
AU Purucker, ME
Clark, DA
AF Purucker, Michael E.
Clark, David A.
BE Mandea, M
Korte, M
TI Mapping and Interpretation of the Lithospheric Magnetic Field
SO GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS AND MODELS
SE IAGA Special Sopron Book Series
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID FORE-ARC MANTLE; VREDEFORT IMPACT CRATER; CURIE-POINT DEPTHS;
AEROMAGNETIC DATA; SQUID GRADIOMETER; THERMAL STRUCTURE;
SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; ORE-DEPOSITS; GRAVITY-DATA
AB We review some of the controversial and exciting interpretations of the magnetic field of the earth's lithosphere occurring in the four year period ending with the IAGA meeting in Sopron in 2009. This period corresponds to the end of the Decade of Geopotential Research, an international effort to promote and coordinate a continuous monitoring of geopotential field variability in the near-Earth environment. One of the products of this effort has been the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map, the first edition of which was released in 2007. A second, improved, edition is planned for 2011. Interpretations of the lithospheric magnetic field that bear on impacts, tectonics, resource exploration, and lower crustal processes are reviewed. Future interpretations of the lithospheric field will be enhanced through a better understanding of the processes that create, destroy, and alter magnetic minerals, and via routine measurements of the magnetic field gradient.
C1 [Purucker, Michael E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Clark, David A.] CSIRO Mat Sci & Engn, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
RP Purucker, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon Planetary Geodynam Lab, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM michael.e.purucker@nasa.gov; david.clark@csiro.au
NR 144
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
BN 978-90-481-9858-0; 978-90-481-9857-3
J9 IAGA SPEC SOPRON
PY 2011
VL 5
BP 311
EP 337
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9858-0_13
D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9858-0
PG 27
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA BGB68
UT WOS:000322204900013
ER
PT J
AU Schmidt, GA
Jungclaus, JH
Ammann, CM
Bard, E
Braconnot, P
Crowley, TJ
Delaygue, G
Joos, F
Krivova, NA
Muscheler, R
Otto-Bliesner, BL
Pongratz, J
Shindell, DT
Solanki, SK
Steinhilber, F
Vieira, LEA
AF Schmidt, G. A.
Jungclaus, J. H.
Ammann, C. M.
Bard, E.
Braconnot, P.
Crowley, T. J.
Delaygue, G.
Joos, F.
Krivova, N. A.
Muscheler, R.
Otto-Bliesner, B. L.
Pongratz, J.
Shindell, D. T.
Solanki, S. K.
Steinhilber, F.
Vieira, L. E. A.
TI Climate forcing reconstructions for use in PMIP simulations of the last
millennium (v1.0)
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE; MAUNDER MINIMUM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2;
MAGNETIC-FIELD; CYCLES 21-23; ICE CORE; BE-10; VARIABILITY; TREND; INDEX
AB Simulations of climate over the Last Millennium (850-1850 CE) have been incorporated into the third phase of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3). The drivers of climate over this period are chiefly orbital, solar, volcanic, changes in land use/land cover and some variation in greenhouse gas levels. While some of these effects can be easily defined, the reconstructions of solar, volcanic and land use-related forcing are more uncertain. We describe here the approach taken in defining the scenarios used in PMIP3, document the forcing reconstructions and discuss likely implications.
C1 [Schmidt, G. A.; Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Schmidt, G. A.; Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA.
[Jungclaus, J. H.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Ammann, C. M.; Otto-Bliesner, B. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Bard, E.] Univ Aix Marseille 3, CEREGE, CNRS, IRD,Coll France, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France.
[Braconnot, P.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Crowley, T. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Delaygue, G.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, LGGE, St Martin Dheres, France.
[Joos, F.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Krivova, N. A.; Solanki, S. K.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany.
[Muscheler, R.] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
[Pongratz, J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Solanki, S. K.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
[Steinhilber, F.] EAWAG, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
[Vieira, L. E. A.] Univ Orleans, F-45071 Orleans 2, France.
[Vieira, L. E. A.] Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, F-45071 Orleans 2, France.
[Joos, F.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
RP Schmidt, GA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM gschmidt@giss.nasa.gov
RI Steinhilber, Friedhelm/D-3433-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Vieira,
Luis Eduardo/A-5548-2008; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; Bard,
Edouard/G-7717-2014
OI Vieira, Luis Eduardo/0000-0002-9376-475X; Schmidt,
Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486;
NR 92
TC 135
Z9 136
U1 2
U2 38
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 1
BP 33
EP 45
DI 10.5194/gmd-4-33-2011
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 742AO
UT WOS:000288910700003
ER
PT J
AU Singh, K
Jardak, M
Sandu, A
Bowman, K
Lee, M
Jones, D
AF Singh, K.
Jardak, M.
Sandu, A.
Bowman, K.
Lee, M.
Jones, D.
TI Construction of non-diagonal background error covariance matrices for
global chemical data assimilation
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS;
VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; CHEMISTRY DATA ASSIMILATION; 4D-VAR DATA
ASSIMILATION; AIR-QUALITY; GEOS-CHEM; KALMAN FILTER; METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS; PROFILE RETRIEVALS
AB Chemical data assimilation attempts to optimally use noisy observations along with imperfect model predictions to produce a better estimate of the chemical state of the atmosphere. It is widely accepted that a key ingredient for successful data assimilation is a realistic estimation of the background error distribution. Particularly important is the specification of the background error covariance matrix, which contains information about the magnitude of the background errors and about their correlations. As models evolve toward finer resolutions, the use of diagonal background covariance matrices is increasingly inaccurate, as they captures less of the spatial error correlations. This paper discusses an efficient computational procedure for constructing non-diagonal background error covariance matrices which account for the spatial correlations of errors. The correlation length scales are specified by the user; a correct choice of correlation lengths is important for a good performance of the data assimilation system. The benefits of using the non-diagonal covariance matrices for variational data assimilation with chemical transport models are illustrated.
C1 [Singh, K.; Jardak, M.; Sandu, A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
[Bowman, K.; Lee, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Jones, D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Jardak, M.] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Sandu, A (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 2202 Kraft Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
EM sandu@cs.vt.edu
RI Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; Singh, Kumaresh/P-4857-2016; Chem,
GEOS/C-5595-2014
OI Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725;
FU NASA
FX This work has been supported by NASA through the ROSES-2005 AIST
project. The authors would like to thank Mark Parrington and Paul Hamer
for providing processed TES data and for their help with the data
visualization script.
NR 70
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 299
EP 316
DI 10.5194/gmd-4-299-2011
PG 18
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 781NF
UT WOS:000291939100005
ER
PT J
AU Aquila, V
Hendricks, J
Lauer, A
Riemer, N
Vogel, H
Baumgardner, D
Minikin, A
Petzold, A
Schwarz, JP
Spackman, JR
Weinzierl, B
Righi, M
Dall'Amico, M
AF Aquila, V.
Hendricks, J.
Lauer, A.
Riemer, N.
Vogel, H.
Baumgardner, D.
Minikin, A.
Petzold, A.
Schwarz, J. P.
Spackman, J. R.
Weinzierl, B.
Righi, M.
Dall'Amico, M.
TI MADE-in: a new aerosol microphysics submodel for global simulation of
insoluble particles and their mixing state
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DRY DEPOSITION PARAMETERIZATION; BLACK CARBON
PARTICLES; MINERAL DUST PARTICLES; TECHNICAL NOTE; SYSTEM MESSY;
TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CONSISTENT SIMULATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION;
SOFTWARE PACKAGE
AB Black carbon (BC) and mineral dust are among the most abundant insoluble aerosol components in the atmosphere. When released, most BC and dust particles are externally mixed with other aerosol species. Through coagulation with particles containing soluble material and condensation of gases, the externally mixed particles may obtain a liquid coating and be transferred into an internal mixture. The mixing state of BC and dust aerosol particles influences their radiative and hygroscopic properties, as well as their ability of forming ice crystals.
We introduce the new aerosol microphysics submodel MADE-in, implemented within the ECHAM/ MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry global model (EMAC). MADE-in is able to track mass and number concentrations of BC and dust particles in their different mixing states, as well as particles free of BC and dust. MADE-in describes these three classes of particles through a superposition of seven log-normally distributed modes, and predicts the evolution of their size distribution and chemical composition. Six out of the seven modes are mutually interacting, allowing for the transfer of mass and number among them. Separate modes for the different mixing states of BC and dust particles in EMAC/MADE-in allow for explicit simulations of the relevant aging processes, i.e. condensation, coagulation and cloud processing. EMAC/ MADE-in has been evaluated with surface and airborne measurements and mostly performs well both in the planetary boundary layer and in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere.
C1 [Aquila, V.; Hendricks, J.; Minikin, A.; Petzold, A.; Weinzierl, B.; Righi, M.; Dall'Amico, M.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Lauer, A.] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Riemer, N.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA.
[Vogel, H.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany.
[Baumgardner, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Aquila, V (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM valentina.aquila@nasa.gov
RI Minikin, Andreas/A-3904-2011; Aquila, Valentina/D-7267-2012; Petzold,
Andreas/J-2347-2012; Vogel, Heike/A-3196-2013; schwarz,
joshua/G-4556-2013; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Weinzierl,
Bernadett/G-5319-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Minikin, Andreas/0000-0003-0999-4657; Aquila,
Valentina/0000-0003-2060-6694; Petzold, Andreas/0000-0002-2504-1680;
Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223;
Weinzierl, Bernadett/0000-0003-4555-5686;
FU DLR; HGF Virtual Institute Aerosol-Cloud-Interactions (VI-ACI)
FX We thank the whole MESSy-Team for the development of EMAC, H. Tost for
support with SCAV, P. Jockel for support with EMAC and for helpful
comments on the manuscript and V. Grewe, A. Stenke, B. Karcher and R.
Sausen for valuable discussions. We thank N. Huneeus, J. Prospero, A.
Clarke and V. Capustin for providing aerosol measurements. We thank the
reviewers of the manuscript who helped to identify areas needing
improvement. We kindly acknowledge the provision of MADE by the
University of Cologne, Germany (RIU/EURAD project). We also wish to
thank the executives of the IMPROVE programme for making their
measurement data available to the public on the Internet. This work was
supported by the DLR Project Climate-compatible Air Transport System
(CATS) and the HGF Virtual Institute Aerosol-Cloud-Interactions
(VI-ACI). All simulations were performed at the Leibniz Rechnenzentrum,
Garching, Germany.
NR 127
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 325
EP 355
DI 10.5194/gmd-4-325-2011
PG 31
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 781NF
UT WOS:000291939100007
ER
PT J
AU Appel, KW
Foley, KM
Bash, JO
Pinder, RW
Dennis, RL
Allen, DJ
Pickering, K
AF Appel, K. W.
Foley, K. M.
Bash, J. O.
Pinder, R. W.
Dennis, R. L.
Allen, D. J.
Pickering, K.
TI A multi-resolution assessment of the Community Multiscale Air Quality
(CMAQ) model v4.7 wet deposition estimates for 2002-2006
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC
BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; EMISSION
INVENTORY; PART II; SYSTEM; OZONE; FLUX
AB This paper examines the operational performance of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations for 2002-2006 using both 36-km and 12-km horizontal grid spacing, with a primary focus on the performance of the CMAQ model in predicting wet deposition of sulfate (SO(4)(=)), ammonium (NH(4)(+)) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)). Performance of the wet deposition estimates from the model is determined by comparing CMAQ predicted concentrations to concentrations measured by the National Acid Deposition Program (NADP), specifically the National Trends Network (NTN). For SO(4)(=) wet deposition, the CMAQ model estimates were generally comparable between the 36-km and 12-km simulations for the eastern US, with the 12-km simulation giving slightly higher estimates of SO(4)(=) wet deposition than the 36-km simulation on average. The result is a slightly larger normalized mean bias (NMB) for the 12-km simulation; however both simulations had annual biases that were less than +/- 15% for each of the five years. The model estimated SO(4)(=) wet deposition values improved when they were adjusted to account for biases in the model estimated precipitation. The CMAQ model underestimates NH(4)(+) wet deposition over the eastern US, with a slightly larger underestimation in the 36-km simulation. The largest underestimations occur in the winter and spring periods, while the summer and fall have slightly smaller underestimations of NH(4)(+) wet deposition. The underestimation in NH(4)(+) wet deposition is likely due in part to the poor temporal and spatial representation of ammonia (NH(3)) emissions, particularly those emissions associated with fertilizer applications and NH(3) bidirectional exchange. The model performance for estimates of NO(3)(-) wet deposition are mixed throughout the year, with the model largely underestimating NO(3)(-) wet deposition in the spring and summer in the eastern US, while the model has a relatively small bias in the fall and winter. Model estimates of NO(3)(-) wet deposition tend to be slightly lower for the 36-km simulation as compared to the 12-km simulation, particularly in the spring. The underestimation of NO(3)(-) wet deposition in the spring and summer is due in part to a lack of lightning generated NO emissions in the upper troposphere, which can be a large source of NO in the spring and summer when lightning activity is the high. CMAQ model simulations that include production of NO from lightning show a significant improvement in the NO(3)(-) wet deposition estimates in the eastern US in the summer. Overall, performance for the 36-km and 12-km CMAQ model simulations is similar for the eastern US, while for the western US the performance of the 36-km simulation is generally not as good as either eastern US simulation, which is not entire unexpected given the complex topography in the western US.
C1 [Appel, K. W.; Foley, K. M.; Bash, J. O.; Pinder, R. W.; Dennis, R. L.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
[Allen, D. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Pickering, K.] NASA Goddard, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Appel, KW (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
EM appel.wyat@epa.gov
RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Bash,
Jesse/E-9688-2013; Allen, Dale/F-7168-2010;
OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Allen, Dale/0000-0003-3305-9669;
Bash, Jesse/0000-0001-8736-0102
FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of
Research and Development
FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of
Research and Development funded and managed the research described here.
It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication.
NR 35
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 2
U2 26
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 357
EP 371
DI 10.5194/gmd-4-357-2011
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 781NF
UT WOS:000291939100008
ER
PT J
AU Haywood, AM
Dowsett, HJ
Robinson, MM
Stoll, DK
Dolan, AM
Lunt, DJ
Otto-Bliesner, B
Chandler, MA
AF Haywood, A. M.
Dowsett, H. J.
Robinson, M. M.
Stoll, D. K.
Dolan, A. M.
Lunt, D. J.
Otto-Bliesner, B.
Chandler, M. A.
TI Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP): experimental design
and boundary conditions (Experiment 2)
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID PMIP2 COUPLED SIMULATIONS; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MIDHOLOCENE
AB The Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project has expanded to include a model intercomparison for the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.29 to 2.97 million yr ago). This project is referred to as PlioMIP (the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project). Two experiments have been agreed upon and together compose the initial phase of PlioMIP. The first (Experiment 1) is being performed with atmosphere-only climate models. The second (Experiment 2) utilises fully coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. Following on from the publication of the experimental design and boundary conditions for Experiment 1 in Geoscientific Model Development, this paper provides the necessary description of differences and/or additions to the experimental design for Experiment 2.
C1 [Haywood, A. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Dowsett, H. J.; Robinson, M. M.; Stoll, D. K.; Dolan, A. M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Lunt, D. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.
[Otto-Bliesner, B.] CGD NCAR, CCR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Chandler, M. A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Chandler, M. A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Haywood, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
EM earamh@leeds.ac.uk
RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Dolan, Aisling/D-2625-2012
OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928;
FU USGS Office of Global Change; UK Natural Environment Research Council
(NERC) [NE/G009112/1]; Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council (ERC)
[StG 278636]
FX This work is a product of the US Geological Survey PRISM (Pliocene
Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping) Project and the Pliocene
Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), which is part of the
international Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). HD
and MR thank the USGS Office of Global Change for their support. AH and
DL acknowledge the UK Natural Environment Research Council for funding
the UK contribution to PlioMIP (NERC Grant NE/G009112/1). AH
acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for their support through the award of
a Philip Leverhulme Prize as well as the European Research Council for
the provision of a Starting Grant (ERC StG 278636: Plio-ESS).
NR 18
TC 65
Z9 67
U1 2
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 3
BP 571
EP 577
DI 10.5194/gmd-4-571-2011
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 826UD
UT WOS:000295379500002
ER
PT J
AU Wiedinmyer, C
Akagi, SK
Yokelson, RJ
Emmons, LK
Al-Saadi, JA
Orlando, JJ
Soja, AJ
AF Wiedinmyer, C.
Akagi, S. K.
Yokelson, R. J.
Emmons, L. K.
Al-Saadi, J. A.
Orlando, J. J.
Soja, A. J.
TI The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): a high resolution global model to
estimate the emissions from open burning
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BURNED-AREA; AIR-QUALITY; CO SOURCES; PART 1;
BIOMASS; MODIS; AEROSOLS; GASES; FORMALDEHYDE
AB The Fire INventory from NCAR version 1.0 (FINNv1) provides daily, 1 km resolution, global estimates of the trace gas and particle emissions from open burning of biomass, which includes wildfire, agricultural fires, and prescribed burning and does not include biofuel use and trash burning. Emission factors used in the calculations have been updated with recent data, particularly for the non-methane organic compounds (NMOC). The resulting global annual NMOC emission estimates are as much as a factor of 5 greater than some prior estimates. Chemical speciation profiles, necessary to allocate the total NMOC emission estimates to lumped species for use by chemical transport models, are provided for three widely used chemical mechanisms: SAPRC99, GEOS-CHEM, and MOZART-4. Using these profiles, FINNv1 also provides global estimates of key organic compounds, including formaldehyde and methanol. Uncertainties in the emissions estimates arise from several of the method steps. The use of fire hot spots, assumed area burned, land cover maps, biomass consumption estimates, and emission factors all introduce error into the model estimates. The uncertainty in the FINNv1 emission estimates are about a factor of two; but, the global estimates agree reasonably well with other global inventories of biomass burning emissions for CO, CO2, and other species with less variable emission factors. FINNv1 emission estimates have been developed specifically for modeling atmospheric chemistry and air quality in a consistent framework at scales from local to global. The product is unique because of the high temporal and spatial resolution, global coverage, and the number of species estimated. FINNv1 can be used for both hindcast and forecast or near-real time model applications and the results are being critically evaluated with models and observations whenever possible.
C1 [Wiedinmyer, C.; Emmons, L. K.; Orlando, J. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Akagi, S. K.; Yokelson, R. J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Al-Saadi, J. A.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA.
[Soja, A. J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Wiedinmyer, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM christin@ucar.edu
RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Chem,
GEOS/C-5595-2014; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016
OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212
FU National Science Foundation
FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the
National Science Foundation. The authors greatly thank Minnie Wong of
the University of Maryland for the distribution of the MODIS fire count
data. CW thanks Matthew Evans for assistance with the GEOS-Chem
mechanism. The authors would also like to thank the two anonymous
reviewers of this manuscript for their valuable comments.
NR 71
TC 276
Z9 277
U1 15
U2 101
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 3
BP 625
EP 641
DI 10.5194/gmd-4-625-2011
PG 17
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 826UD
UT WOS:000295379500006
ER
PT J
AU Michou, M
Saint-Martin, D
Teyssedre, H
Alias, A
Karcher, F
Olivie, D
Voldoire, A
Josse, B
Peuch, VH
Clark, H
Lee, JN
Cheroux, F
AF Michou, M.
Saint-Martin, D.
Teyssedre, H.
Alias, A.
Karcher, F.
Olivie, D.
Voldoire, A.
Josse, B.
Peuch, V. -H.
Clark, H.
Lee, J. N.
Cheroux, F.
TI A new version of the CNRM Chemistry-Climate Model, CNRM-CCM: description
and improvements from the CCMVal-2 simulations
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SIMPLE PARAMETERIZATION; TRANSPORT MODEL;
INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; SURFACE PROCESSES; TECHNICAL NOTE; SENSITIVITY;
OZONE; FRANCE; TEMPERATURE
AB This paper presents a new version of the Meteo-France CNRM Chemistry-Climate Model, so-called CNRM-CCM. It includes some fundamental changes from the previous version (CNRM-ACM) which was extensively evaluated in the context of the CCMVal-2 validation activity. The most notable changes concern the radiative code of the GCM, and the inclusion of the detailed stratospheric chemistry of our Chemistry-Transport model MOCAGE on-line within the GCM. A 47-yr transient simulation (1960-2006) is the basis of our analysis. CNRM-CCM generates satisfactory dynamical and chemical fields in the stratosphere. Several shortcomings of CNRM-ACM simulations for CCMVal-2 that resulted from an erroneous representation of the impact of volcanic aerosols as well as from transport deficiencies have been eliminated.
Remaining problems concern the upper stratosphere (5 to 1 hPa) where temperatures are too high, and where there are biases in the NO2, N2O5 and O-3 mixing ratios. In contrast, temperatures at the tropical tropopause are too cold. These issues are addressed through the implementation of a more accurate radiation scheme at short wavelengths. Despite these problems we show that this new CNRM CCM is a useful tool to study chemistry-climate applications.
C1 [Michou, M.; Saint-Martin, D.; Teyssedre, H.; Alias, A.; Karcher, F.; Olivie, D.; Voldoire, A.; Josse, B.; Peuch, V. -H.; Cheroux, F.] CNRS, GAME CNRM, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France.
[Clark, H.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France.
[Lee, J. N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Michou, M (reprint author), CNRS, GAME CNRM, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France.
EM martine.michou@meteo.fr
RI Peuch, Vincent-Henri/A-7308-2008
FU French action "Les Enveloppes Fluides et l'Environnement" (LEFE)
FX We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation Activity (CCMVal)
of the WCRP (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric
Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organising and
coordinating the stratospheric model data analysis, and for providing
the CCMVal Diagnostic Tool with which the figures of this article have
been plotted. We particularly thank John Austin (AMTRAC3, NOAA GFDL,
USA), Chris Fisher and Doug Kinnison (CAM3.5, NCAR, USA), Hideharu
Akiyoshi, Yousuke Yamashita and Tetsu Nakamura (CCSRNIES, NIES, Japan),
David Plummer and John Scinocca (CMAM, EC, University of Toronto, York
Univ., Canada), Martin Dameris and Hella Garny (E39CA, DLR, Germany),
Steven Pawson and Richard Stolarski (GEOSCCM, NASA/GSFC, USA), Slimane
Bekki and Marion Marchand (LMDZrepro, IPSL, France), Kiyotaka Shibata
(MRI, MRI, Japan), Eugene Rozanov and Thomas Peter (SOCOL, PMOD/WRC and
ETHZ, Switzerland), Eva Mancini and Giovanni Pitari (ULAQ, University of
L'Aquila, Italy), John Austin and Greg Bodeker (UMETRAC, NIWA, NZ),
Martyn Chipperfield, Sandip Dhomse and Wenshou Tian (UMSLIMCAT,
University of Leeds, UK), Neal Butchart and Steven C. Hardiman
(UMUKCA-METO, Met Office, UK), Peter Braesicke, Olaf Morgenstern, and
John Pyle (UMUKCA-UCAM, University of Cambridge, UK), and Doug Kinnison,
Andrew Gettelman, and Rolando Garcia (WACCM, NCAR, USA) for providing
their results. We also acknowledge the British Atmospheric Data Centre
(BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. ECMWF
ERA-Interim data used in this study have been provided by ECMWF. The
CCMVal-2 jet results presented in Fig. 3 were kindly provided by Michael
Sigmond of the University of Toronto, the ENVISAT/MIPAS and SCIAMACHY
satellite observations that appear in Figs. 12 to 17 by Sandip Dhomse of
the University of Leeds. We also would like to thank Greg Bodeker of
Bodeker Scientific for providing the combined total column ozone
database. This work was partly supported by the French action "Les
Enveloppes Fluides et l'Environnement" (LEFE) within the context of the
MISSTERRE project. The authors would also like to acknowledge three
anonymous referees for insightful comments that helped clarify and
complete the manuscript.
NR 74
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 4
BP 873
EP 900
DI 10.5194/gmd-4-873-2011
PG 28
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 866FQ
UT WOS:000298366300002
ER
PT J
AU Llovel, W
Becker, M
Cazenave, A
Jevrejeva, S
Alkama, R
Decharme, B
Douville, H
Ablain, M
Beckley, B
AF Llovel, W.
Becker, M.
Cazenave, A.
Jevrejeva, S.
Alkama, R.
Decharme, B.
Douville, H.
Ablain, M.
Beckley, B.
TI Terrestrial waters and sea level variations on interannual time scale
SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
DE land water storage; sea level variations; tide gauges; satellite
altimetry
ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CONTINENTAL WATER; CLIMATE; STORAGE; IMPACT;
MODEL; GRACE; MASS; PARAMETERIZATION; TOPEX/POSEIDON
AB On decadal to multidecadal time scales, thermal expansion of sea waters and land ice loss are the main contributors to sea level variations. However, modification of the terrestrial water cycle due to climate variability and direct anthropogenic forcing may also affect sea level. For the past decades, variations in land water storage and corresponding effects on sea level cannot be directly estimated from observations because these are almost unexistent at global continental scale. However, global hydrological models developed for atmospheric and climatic studies can be used for estimating total water storage. For the recent years (since mid-2002), terrestrial water storage change can be directly estimated from observations of the GRACE space gravimetry mission. In this study, we analyse the interannual variability of total land water storage, and investigate its contribution to mean sea level variability at interannual time scale. We consider three different periods that, each, depend on data availability: (1) GRACE era (2003-2009), (2) 1993-2003 and (3) 1955-1995. For the GRACE era (period 1), change in land water storage is estimated using different GRACE products over the 33 largest river basins worldwide. For periods 2 and 3, we use outputs from the ISBA-TRIP (Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere Total Runoff Integrating Pathways) global hydrological model. For each time span, we compare change in land water storage (expressed in sea level equivalent) to observed mean sea level, either from satellite altimetry (periods 1 and 2) or tide gauge records (period 3). For each data set and each time span, a trend has been removed as we focus on the interannual variability. We show that whatever the period considered, interannual variability of the mean sea level is essentially explained by interannual fluctuations in land water storage, with the largest contributions arising from tropical river basins. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Llovel, W.; Becker, M.; Cazenave, A.] LEGOS OMP, Toulouse, France.
[Jevrejeva, S.] Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
[Alkama, R.; Decharme, B.; Douville, H.] CNRM, Toulouse, France.
[Ablain, M.] CLS, Ramonville St Agne, France.
[Beckley, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Llovel, W (reprint author), LEGOS OMP, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France.
EM william.llovel@legos.obs-mip.fr
RI BECKER, Melanie/B-3658-2012; LLOVEL, William/G-6930-2016
OI BECKER, Melanie/0000-0002-0263-5558;
FU CNRS; Region Midi-Pyrenees; ANR; RTRA-STAE; NASA
FX W. Llovel is supported by a PhD Grant from CNRS and the Region
Midi-Pyrenees. M. Becker and R. Alkama are supported by Post Doctoral
fellowships from the ANR project 'CECILE' and the RTRA-STAE project
'CYMENT. We thank R.S. Nerem and two anonymous reviewers for very useful
comments. GRACE data of the TELLUS website were processed by D. P.
Chambers, supported by the NASA Earth Science REASoN GRACE Project, and
are available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov.
NR 42
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-8181
EI 1872-6364
J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE
JI Glob. Planet. Change
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 1-2
BP 76
EP 82
DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.10.008
PG 7
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 717VE
UT WOS:000287074700008
ER
PT J
AU Hague, MJ
Ferrari, MR
Miller, JR
Patterson, DA
Russell, GL
Farrell, AP
Hinch, SG
AF Hague, M. J.
Ferrari, M. R.
Miller, J. R.
Patterson, D. A.
Russell, G. L.
Farrell, A. P.
Hinch, S. G.
TI Modelling the future hydroclimatology of the lower Fraser River and its
impacts on the spawning migration survival of sockeye salmon
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE aerobic scope; Fraser River; Oncorhynchus nerka; spawning migration;
temperature thresholds
ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; EN-ROUTE MORTALITY;
EUROPEAN SEA BASS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; THERMAL TOLERANCE; WATER TEMPERATURE
AB Short episodic high temperature events can be lethal for migrating adult Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). We downscaled temperatures for the Fraser River, British Columbia to evaluate the impact of climate warming on the frequency of exceeding thermal thresholds associated with salmon migratory success. Alarmingly, a modest 1.0 degrees C increase in average summer water temperature over 100 years (1981-2000 to 2081-2100) tripled the number of days per year exceeding critical salmonid thermal thresholds (i.e. 19.0 degrees C). Refined thresholds for two populations (Gates Creek and Weaver Creek) of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were defined using physiological constraint models based on aerobic scope. While extreme temperatures leading to complete aerobic collapse remained unlikely under our warming scenario, both populations were increasingly forced to migrate upriver at reduced levels of aerobic performance (e.g. in 80% of future simulations, >= 90% of salmon encountered temperatures exceeding population-specific thermal optima for maximum aerobic scope; T(opt)=16.3 degrees C for Gates Creek and T(opt)=14.5 degrees C for Weaver Creek). Assuming recent changes to river entry timing persist, we also predicted dramatic increases in the probability of freshwater mortality for Weaver Creek salmon due to reductions in aerobic, and general physiological, performance (e.g. in 42% of future simulations >= 50% of Weaver Creek fish exceeded temperature thresholds associated with 0-60% of maximum aerobic scope). Potential for adaptation via directional selection on run-timing was more evident for the Weaver Creek population. Early entry Weaver Creek fish experienced 25% (range: 15-31%) more suboptimal temperatures than late entrants, compared with an 8% difference (range: 0-17%) between early and late Gates Creek fish. Our results emphasize the need to consider daily temperature variability in association with population-specific differences in behaviour and physiological constraints when forecasting impacts of climate change on migratory survival of aquatic species.
C1 [Hague, M. J.; Patterson, D. A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
[Ferrari, M. R.] Weather Trends Int, Lehigh Valley Corp Ctr, Bethlehem, PA 18017 USA.
[Miller, J. R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Russell, G. L.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Farrell, A. P.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Hinch, S. G.] Univ British Columbia, Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Hague, MJ (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
EM merran.hague@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
FU Southern Boundary Restoration and Enhancement Fund; Fisheries and Oceans
Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Centre of Excellence for Aquatic
Habitat Research; NSERC; NJ Agricultural Experiment Station [32103]
FX The authors wish to thank Eduardo Martins for his valuable feedback on
earlier drafts of the manuscript as well as the editor and three
anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This research was
supported by grants from the Southern Boundary Restoration and
Enhancement Fund, Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Environmental Watch
Program, Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Centre of Excellence for Aquatic
Habitat Research, and an NSERC grant awarded to S. G. H. J. R. M. also
received partial support for this work from the NJ Agricultural
Experiment Station grant #32103.
NR 72
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 25
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1354-1013
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 17
IS 1
BP 87
EP 98
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02225.x
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 688LT
UT WOS:000284851500008
ER
PT J
AU Fisher, JB
Whittaker, RJ
Malhi, Y
AF Fisher, Joshua B.
Whittaker, Robert J.
Malhi, Yadvinder
TI ET come home: potential evapotranspiration in geographical ecology
SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
DE Continental scale; evaporation; evapotranspiration; land cover;
Penman-Monteith; Priestley-Taylor; Thornthwaite; transpiration
ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; WATER-ENERGY DYNAMICS; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES;
SAP FLOW; CALCULATING EVAPORATION; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; CLIMATIC
GRADIENTS; COMBINATION THEORY; SOUTHERN AFRICA; BERGMANNS RULE
AB Aim
Many macroecological analyses are based on analyses of climatological data, within which evapotranspiration estimates are of central importance. In this paper we evaluate and review the use of evapotranspiration models and data in studies of geographical ecology to test the likely sensitivity of the analyses to variation in the performance of different metrics of potential evapotranspiration.
Location
Analyses are based on: (1) a latitudinal transect of sites (FLUXNET) for 11 different land-cover types; and (2) globally gridded data.
Methods
First, we review the fundamental concepts of evapotranspiration, outline basic evapotranspiration models and describe methods with which to measure evapotranspiration. Next, we compare three different types of potential evapotranspiration models - a temperature-based (Thornthwaite type), a radiation-based (Priestley-Taylor) and a combination (Penman-Monteith) model - for 11 different land-cover types. Finally, we compare these models at continental and global scales.
Results
At some sites the models differ by less than 7%, but generally the difference was greater than 25% across most sites. The temperature-based model estimated 20-30% less than the radiation-based and combination models averaged across all sites. The combination model often gave the highest estimates (22% higher than the radiation-based model averaged across all sites). For continental and global averages, the potential evapotranspiration was very similar across all models. However, the difference in individual pixels was often larger than 150 mm year-1 between models.
Main conclusions
The choice of evapotranspiration model and input data is likely to have a bearing on model fits and predictions when used in analyses of species richness and related phenomena at geographical scales of analysis. To assist those undertaking such analyses, we provide a guide to selecting an appropriate evapotranspiration model.
C1 [Fisher, Joshua B.; Whittaker, Robert J.; Malhi, Yadvinder] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 3QY, England.
[Fisher, Joshua B.; Whittaker, Robert J.; Malhi, Yadvinder] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Biodivers Res Grp, Oxford OX1 3QY, England.
[Whittaker, Robert J.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark.
RP Fisher, JB (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Water & Carbon Cycles Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM joshbfisher@gmail.com
RI Whittaker, Robert/H-1548-2015; publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012;
publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017;
OI Whittaker, Robert/0000-0001-7775-3383; Fisher,
Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085
FU US DOE
FX We thank the FLUXNET site investigators for allowing us to use their
meteorological data to run the models: A. Araujo, S. Archibald, H. da
Rocha, B. Cook, K. Davis, L. Flanagan, S. Goetz, A. O. Manzi, R. Monson,
B. Scholes, W. Oechel, E. Thompson, M. S. Tom, J. Tota and C. von
Randow. US DOE provided support for many of the sites. S. Heathcote
helped with Table 1. Invaluable review was provided by D. Baldocchi, E.
M. O'Brien, I. C. Prentice, Y. Ryu and K. Tu.
NR 110
TC 81
Z9 90
U1 8
U2 96
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1466-822X
EI 1466-8238
J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR
JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 1
BP 1
EP 18
DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00578.x
PG 18
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 691VP
UT WOS:000285109200001
ER
PT J
AU Giri, C
Ochieng, E
Tieszen, LL
Zhu, Z
Singh, A
Loveland, T
Masek, J
Duke, N
AF Giri, C.
Ochieng, E.
Tieszen, L. L.
Zhu, Z.
Singh, A.
Loveland, T.
Masek, J.
Duke, N.
TI Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth
observation satellite data
SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Global distributions; image processing; Landsat; mangrove; mapping;
remote sensing
ID LAND-COVER
AB Aim
Our scientific understanding of the extent and distribution of mangrove forests of the world is inadequate. The available global mangrove databases, compiled using disparate geospatial data sources and national statistics, need to be improved. Here, we mapped the status and distributions of global mangroves using recently available Global Land Survey (GLS) data and the Landsat archive.
Methods
We interpreted approximately 1000 Landsat scenes using hybrid supervised and unsupervised digital image classification techniques. Each image was normalized for variation in solar angle and earth-sun distance by converting the digital number values to the top-of-the-atmosphere reflectance. Ground truth data and existing maps and databases were used to select training samples and also for iterative labelling. Results were validated using existing GIS data and the published literature to map 'true mangroves'.
Results
The total area of mangroves in the year 2000 was 137,760 km2 in 118 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Approximately 75% of world's mangroves are found in just 15 countries, and only 6.9% are protected under the existing protected areas network (IUCN I-IV). Our study confirms earlier findings that the biogeographic distribution of mangroves is generally confined to the tropical and subtropical regions and the largest percentage of mangroves is found between 5 degrees N and 5 degrees S latitude.
Main conclusions
We report that the remaining area of mangrove forest in the world is less than previously thought. Our estimate is 12.3% smaller than the most recent estimate by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. We present the most comprehensive, globally consistent and highest resolution (30 m) global mangrove database ever created. We developed and used better mapping techniques and data sources and mapped mangroves with better spatial and thematic details than previous studies.
C1 [Giri, C.] US Geol Survey, ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Ochieng, E.] United Nations Environm Programme, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
[Zhu, Z.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Singh, A.] United Nations Environm Programme, Washington, DC 20006 USA.
[Masek, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Duke, N.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, Marine Bot Grp, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
RP Giri, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM cgiri@usgs.gov
RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Duke, Norman/K-5729-2013
OI Duke, Norman/0000-0003-2081-9120
FU USGS; NASA
FX This work was supported by USGS Director's Venture Capital Fund and the
NASA Land Cover and Land Use Program. We would also like to thank the
following student interns and visiting scientists who helped to analyse
Landsat data: Andrew Bland, Jordan Long, Bibek Bhattarai, Supriti
Shrestha, Sneha Poddar, Bruce Pengra, Tejaswi Giri, Sapna Battish, Smita
Shrivastav, Joseph Muhlhausen, Asha Singh and Krishna Bhattarai. Any use
of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and
does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 32
TC 300
Z9 326
U1 31
U2 215
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1466-822X
J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR
JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 1
BP 154
EP 159
DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00584.x
PG 6
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 691VP
UT WOS:000285109200013
ER
PT B
AU Boy, GA
AF Boy, Guy A.
BE Boy, GA
TI A Human-Centered Design Approach Introduction
SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
ID AIR-TRAFFIC-CONTROL; WORKLOAD; SYSTEMS; COCKPIT
C1 [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
[Boy, Guy A.] NASA, Human Ctr Design, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA.
[Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Ocala, FL USA.
[Boy, Guy A.] European Inst Cognit Sci & Engn EURISCO, Toulouse, France.
[Boy, Guy A.] ACM SIGCHI, New York, NY USA.
RP Boy, GA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
NR 44
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD
PI ALDERSHOT
PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8
PY 2011
BP 1
EP 20
PG 20
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences,
Interdisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA BC4WA
UT WOS:000352980300001
ER
PT B
AU Burian, BK
Martin, L
AF Burian, Barbara K.
Martin, Lynne
BE Boy, GA
TI Operating Documents that Change in Real-time: Dynamic Documents and User
Performance Support
SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID INFORMATION OVERLOAD; AUTOMATION; AWARENESS; SYSTEMS
C1 [Burian, Barbara K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA.
[Martin, Lynne] NASA Ames Res Ctr, San Jose State Univ Fdn, Mountain View, CA USA.
RP Burian, BK (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA.
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD
PI ALDERSHOT
PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8
PY 2011
BP 107
EP 130
PG 24
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences,
Interdisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA BC4WA
UT WOS:000352980300006
ER
PT B
AU Boy, GA
Grote, G
AF Boy, Guy A.
Grote, Gudela
BE Boy, GA
TI The Authority Issue in Organizational Automation
SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SELF-CONFIDENCE; TRUST; SYSTEMS; SAFETY; PERFORMANCE; ALLOCATION;
KNOWLEDGE; KOMPASS; DESIGN; MODEL
C1 [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
[Boy, Guy A.] NASA, Human Ctr Design, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA.
[Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Ocala, FL 34471 USA.
[Boy, Guy A.] ACM SIGCHI, New York, NY USA.
[Grote, Gudela] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Management Technol & Econ, Work & Org Psychol, Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Boy, GA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
NR 72
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD
PI ALDERSHOT
PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8
PY 2011
BP 131
EP 150
PG 20
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences,
Interdisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA BC4WA
UT WOS:000352980300007
ER
PT B
AU Boy, GA
AF Boy, Guy A.
BE Boy, GA
TI Cognitive Function Analysis in the Design of Human and Machine
Multi-Agent Systems
SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID MANAGEMENT; KNOWLEDGE
C1 [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
[Boy, Guy A.] NASA, Human Ctr Design, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA.
[Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Ocala, FL USA.
[Boy, Guy A.] European Inst Cognit Sci & Engn EURISCO, Toulouse, France.
RP Boy, GA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD
PI ALDERSHOT
PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8
PY 2011
BP 189
EP 206
PG 18
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences,
Interdisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA BC4WA
UT WOS:000352980300010
ER
PT B
AU Pritchett, A
Feary, M
AF Pritchett, Amy
Feary, Michael
BE Boy, GA
TI Designing Human-Automation Interaction
SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SYSTEMS; TRUST; ADAPTATION; MODEL; TASK
C1 [Pritchett, Amy] Georgia Tech Cognit Engn Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Pritchett, Amy] OSTP Aeronaut Sci & Technol Subcomm, Washington, DC USA.
[Feary, Michael] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, Mountain View, CA USA.
RP Pritchett, A (reprint author), Georgia Tech Cognit Engn Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
NR 53
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD
PI ALDERSHOT
PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8
PY 2011
BP 267
EP 281
PG 15
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences,
Interdisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA BC4WA
UT WOS:000352980300013
ER
PT B
AU Gander, P
Graeber, C
Belenky, G
AF Gander, Philippa
Graeber, Curt
Belenky, Gregory
BE Boy, GA
TI Operator Fatigue: Implications for Human-Machine Interaction
SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID REGIONAL BRAIN ACTIVITY; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; WORK HOURS; FLIGHT CREW;
RISK; INTERNS; PATTERNS; RESTRICTION; ALERTNESS; RECOVERY
AB Operator fatigue is a catch-all term for impairment that commonly occurs if people continue working when they have not fully recovered from the demands of prior work and other waking activities. Fatigue-related impairment can accumulate across a work period where breaks are insufficient to allow short-term recovery from task demands. Fatigue-related impairment also occurs if operators do not obtain sufficient recovery sleep between work periods. The effects of inadequate sleep are cumulative, with performance becoming increasingly impaired to the point where an operator can slip uncontrollably in and out of attentional lapses and microsleeps, during which he or she is unresponsive to task demands or other environmental stimuli. Functional degradation due to fatigue is more likely during times in the circadian body clock cycle when physiological sleep drive is high and performance capacity is sub-optimal. (The circadian body clock is a light-sensitive neural pacemaker that modulates physiological and behavioral functioning in step with the day/night cycle, to facilitate sleep at night.)
Operator fatigue results in systematic changes in physical and mental performance, and in complex behaviors such as situation awareness, decision-making, and communication. It is increasingly being identified as a causal factor in accidents and incidents, as a result of improved scientific understanding and more systematic investigation methods. Thus, the dynamics of fatigue accumulation and recovery need to be integrated into human-centered design.
Fatigue risk has traditionally been addressed at the regulatory level through prescriptive limits on hours of work and rest. Increasingly, Fatigue Risk Management Systems (as an integrated part of safety management systems) are being promulgated as a regulatory alternative. The "defenses-in-depth" paradigm is being applied to identify strategies to reduce the likelihood of fatigue-related errors, to trap such errors when they occur, and to mitigate their consequences at multiple levels in an organization.
At a minimum, fatigue risk reduction strategies should be incorporated into the design of human-machine systems where operator fatigue can be expected to have an impact on safety. Systems that are designed to be resilient to the effects of operator fatigue are also more likely to provide efficient and reliable overall human-machine interaction.
C1 [Gander, Philippa] Massey Univ, Sleep Wake Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
[Gander, Philippa] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Gander, Philippa] NASA, Fatigue Countermeasures Program, Ames, IA USA.
[Gander, Philippa] Royal Soc New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Graeber, Curt] Graeber Grp Ltd, Kirkland, WA USA.
[Graeber, Curt] Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Seattle, WA USA.
[Graeber, Curt] Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Human Factors, Seattle, WA USA.
[Graeber, Curt] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Flight Crew Fatigue Program, Ames, IA USA.
[Graeber, Curt] Presidential Commiss Space Shuttle Challenger Acc, Washington, DC USA.
[Belenky, Gregory] Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
NR 43
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD
PI ALDERSHOT
PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8
PY 2011
BP 365
EP 382
PG 18
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences,
Interdisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA BC4WA
UT WOS:000352980300018
ER
PT B
AU Boy, GA
AF Boy, Guy A.
BE Boy, GA
TI From Automation to Interaction Design Conclusion and Perspectives
SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
ID COMPUTER
C1 [Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
[Boy, Guy A.] NASA, Human Ctr Design, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA.
[Boy, Guy A.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, Ocala, FL 34471 USA.
[Boy, Guy A.] European Inst Cognit Sci & Engn EURISCO, Toulouse, France.
RP Boy, GA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD
PI ALDERSHOT
PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8
PY 2011
BP 431
EP 443
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences,
Interdisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA BC4WA
UT WOS:000352980300022
ER
PT S
AU Bailey, RE
Shelton, KJ
Arthur, JJ
AF Bailey, Randall E.
Shelton, Kevin J.
Arthur, J. J. (Trey), III
BE Marasco, PL
Havig, PR
TI Head-Worn Displays for NextGen
SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVI: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVI - Design and
Applications
CY APR 28, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP SPIE
DE Head-Worn Display; Head-Up Display; Enhanced Vision; Synthetic Vision;
Latency
AB The operating concepts emerging under the Next Generation air transportation system (NextGen) require new technology and procedures - not only on the ground-side - but also on the flight deck. Flight deck display and decision support technologies are specifically targeted to overcome aircraft safety barriers that might otherwise constrain the full realization of NextGen. One such technology is the very lightweight, unobtrusive head-worn display (HWD). HWDs with an integrated head-tracking system are being researched as they offer significant potential benefit under emerging NextGen operational concepts. Two areas of benefit for NextGen are defined. First, the HWD may be designed to be equivalent to the Head-Up Display (HUD) using Virtual HUD concepts. As such, these operational credits may be provided to significantly more aircraft for which HUD installation is neither practical nor possible. Second, the HWD provides unique display capabilities, such as an unlimited field-of-regard. These capabilities may be integral to emerging NextGen operational concepts, eliminating safety issues which might otherwise constrain the full realization of NextGen. The paper details recent research results, current HWD technology limitations, and future technology development needed to realize HWDs as a enabling technology for NextGen.
C1 [Bailey, Randall E.; Shelton, Kevin J.; Arthur, J. J. (Trey), III] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Bailey, RE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 24 W Taylor St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM Randall.E.Bailey@nasa.gov
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-615-8
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8041
AR 80410G
DI 10.1117/12.885847
PG 15
WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA BVO18
UT WOS:000292033000015
ER
PT S
AU Poberezhskiy, IY
Chang, DH
Erlig, H
AF Poberezhskiy, Ilya Y.
Chang, Daniel H.
Erlig, Hernan
BE Zediker, MS
TI Optimized biasing of pump laser diodes in a highly reliable metrology
source for long-duration space missions
SO HIGH-POWER DIODE LASER TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IX
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on High-Power Diode Laser Technology and Applications IX
CY JAN 23-25, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE 808nm diode pumps; beam combining; reliable optical pumps; NPRO lasers;
optical metrology; optimal laser load shaing
ID RELIABILITY
AB Optical metrology system reliability during a prolonged space mission is often limited by the reliability of pump laser diodes. We developed a metrology laser pump module architecture that meets NASA SIM Lite instrument optical power and reliability requirements by combining the outputs of multiple single-mode pump diodes in a low-loss, high port count fiber coupler. We describe Monte-Carlo simulations used to calculate the reliability of the laser pump module and introduce a combined laser farm aging parameter that serves as a load-sharing optimization metric. Employing these tools, we select pump module architecture, operating conditions, biasing approach and perform parameter sensitivity studies to investigate the robustness of the obtained solution.
C1 [Poberezhskiy, Ilya Y.; Chang, Daniel H.; Erlig, Hernan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Poberezhskiy, IY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM ilya@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8455-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 7918
AR 791807
DI 10.1117/12.877605
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BYC26
UT WOS:000297921500006
ER
PT J
AU Wang, JH
Yang, H
Li, L
Gourley, JJ
Sadiq, IK
Yilmaz, KK
Adler, RF
Policelli, FS
Habib, S
Irwn, D
Limaye, AS
Korme, T
Okello, L
AF Wang, Jiahu
Yang, Hong
Li, Li
Gourley, Jonathan J.
Sadiq, Khan I.
Yilmaz, Koray K.
Adler, Robert F.
Policelli, Frederick S.
Habib, Shahid
Irwn, Daniel
Limaye, Ashutosh S.
Korme, Tesfaye
Okello, Lawrence
TI The coupled routing and excess storage (CREST) distributed hydrological
model
SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES
LA English
DT Article
DE distributed hydrological model; cell-to-cell routing; excess storage;
water balance; CREST; Lake Victoria
ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; SCALE; SIMULATION; RUNOFF; BASIN
AB The Coupled Routing and Excess STorage model (CREST, jointly developed by the University of Oklahoma and NASA SERVIR) is a distributed hydrological model developed to simulate the spatial and temporal variation of land surface, and subsurface water fluxes and storages by cell-to-cell simulation. CREST's distinguishing characteristics include: (1) distributed rainfall-runoff generation and cell-to-cell routing; (2) coupled runoff generation and routing via three feedback mechanisms; and (3) representation of sub-grid cell variability of soil moisture storage capacity and sub-grid cell routing (via linear reservoirs). The coupling between the runoff generation and routing mechanisms allows detailed and realistic treatment of hydrological variables such as soil moisture. Furthermore, the representation of soil moisture variability and routing processes at the sub-grid scale enables the CREST model to be readily scalable to multi-scale modelling research. This paper presents the model development and demonstrates its applicability for a case study in the Nzoia basin located in Lake Victoria, Africa.
C1 [Wang, Jiahu; Yang, Hong; Li, Li; Sadiq, Khan I.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Wang, Jiahu; Li, Li] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
[Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Yilmaz, Koray K.; Adler, Robert F.; Policelli, Frederick S.; Habib, Shahid] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Yilmaz, Koray K.; Adler, Robert F.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Irwn, Daniel; Limaye, Ashutosh S.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Korme, Tesfaye; Okello, Lawrence] African Reg Ctr Mapping Resources Dev RCMRD, Nairobi, Kenya.
RP Wang, JH (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM yanghong@ou.edu
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yilmaz, Koray/A-6053-2010; Khan,
Sadiq/B-8209-2012; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yilmaz, Koray/0000-0002-6244-8826;
Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755
FU NASA; University of Oklahoma; NOAA/NSSL; NSFC (National Natural Science
Foundation of China) [40801012, 40830639]; Fundamental Research Funds
for the Central Universities
FX The financial support from NASA Applied Science Program SERVIR-Africa
Project, from University of Oklahoma and NOAA/NSSL Director's
Discretionary Research Fund is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also
thank the RCMRD for providing gauged rainfall and stream-flow
observations over the Nzoia basin. The authors would like to extend
their appreciation for support from grants no. 40801012, no. 40830639 of
the NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China), and the
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. Finally, we
wish to thank the reviewers and editors for their encouraging and
constructive comments.
NR 39
TC 41
Z9 48
U1 2
U2 21
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0262-6667
J9 HYDROLOG SCI J
JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol.
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 1
BP 84
EP 98
DI 10.1080/02626667.2010.543087
PG 15
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 742KY
UT WOS:000288943400006
ER
PT J
AU Khan, SI
Adhikari, P
Hong, Y
Vergara, H
Adler, RF
Policelli, F
Irwin, D
Korme, T
Okello, L
AF Khan, S. I.
Adhikari, P.
Hong, Y.
Vergara, H.
Adler, R. F.
Policelli, F.
Irwin, D.
Korme, T.
Okello, L.
TI Hydroclimatology of Lake Victoria region using hydrologic model and
satellite remote sensing data
SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; WATER CYCLE; RAINFALL; BASIN; FLOOD; TRMM;
SIMULATION; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION; PRODUCTS
AB Study of hydro-climatology at a range of temporal scales is important in understanding and ultimately mitigating the potential severe impacts of hydrological extreme events such as floods and droughts. Using daily in-situ data over the last two decades combined with the recently available multiple-years satellite remote sensing data, we analyzed and simulated, with a distributed hydrologic model, the hydro-climatology in Nzoia, one of the major contributing sub-basins of Lake Victoria in the East African highlands. The basin, with a semi arid climate, has no sustained base flow contribution to Lake Victoria. The short spell of high discharge showed that rain is the prime cause of floods in the basin. There is only a marginal increase in annual mean discharge over the last 21 years. The 2-, 5- and 10-year peak discharges, for the entire study period showed that more years since the mid 1990's have had high peak discharges despite having relatively less annual rain. The study also presents the hydrologic model calibration and validation results over the Nzoia basin. The spatiotemporal variability of the water cycle components were quantified using a hydrologic model, with in-situ and multi-satellite remote sensing datasets. The model is calibrated using daily observed discharge data for the period between 1985 and 1999, for which model performance is estimated with a Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSCE) of 0.87 and 0.23% bias. The model validation showed an error metrics with NSCE of 0.65 and 1.04% bias. Moreover, the hydrologic capability of satellite precipitation (TRMM-3B42 V6) is evaluated. In terms of reconstruction of the water cycle components the spatial distribution and time series of modeling results for precipitation and runoff showed considerable agreement with the monthly model runoff estimates and gauge observations. Runoff values responded to precipitation events that occurred across the catchment during the wet season from March to early June. The spatially distributed model inputs, states, and outputs, were found to be useful for understanding the hydrologic behavior at the catchment scale. The monthly peak runoff is observed in the months of April, May and November. The analysis revealed a linear relationship between rainfall and runoff for both wet and dry seasons. Satellite precipitation forcing data showed the potential to be used not only for the investigation of water balance but also for addressing issues pertaining to sustainability of the resources at the catchment scale.
C1 [Khan, S. I.; Adhikari, P.; Hong, Y.; Vergara, H.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Adler, R. F.; Policelli, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Adler, R. F.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Irwin, D.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Korme, T.; Okello, L.] African Reg Ctr Mapping Resources Dev RCMRD, Nairobi, Kenya.
RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM yanghong@ou.edu
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009;
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Adhikari, Pradeep/0000-0003-2218-4376
FU NASA Headquarters [NNX08AX63H]; NASA Applied Sciences SERVIR Africa
FX This work is supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth Science
Fellowship Program- Grant NNX08AX63H and NASA Applied Sciences SERVIR
Africa project (www.servir.net). The authors also thank the RCMRD for
providing gauged rainfall and streamflow observations over the Nzoia
basin. We also appreciate the efforts of anonymous reviewers for
critical comments and constructive suggestions.
NR 35
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 10
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1027-5606
EI 1607-7938
J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC
JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
PY 2011
VL 15
IS 1
BP 107
EP 117
DI 10.5194/hess-15-107-2011
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 713GP
UT WOS:000286723600009
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, MC
Kustas, WP
Norman, JM
Hain, CR
Mecikalski, JR
Schultz, L
Gonzalez-Dugo, MP
Cammalleri, C
d'Urso, G
Pimstein, A
Gao, F
AF Anderson, M. C.
Kustas, W. P.
Norman, J. M.
Hain, C. R.
Mecikalski, J. R.
Schultz, L.
Gonzalez-Dugo, M. P.
Cammalleri, C.
d'Urso, G.
Pimstein, A.
Gao, F.
TI Mapping daily evapotranspiration at field to continental scales using
geostationary and polar orbiting satellite imagery
SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE-ENERGY FLUXES; LAND EXCHANGE MODEL; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE;
VEGETATION INDEX; 2-SOURCE MODEL; HEAT-FLUX; BALANCE; SYSTEM; WATER;
LANDSCAPE
AB Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing of land-surface temperature (LST) provides valuable information about the sub-surface moisture status required for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) and detecting the onset and severity of drought. While empirical indices measuring anomalies in LST and vegetation amount (e.g., as quantified by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) have demonstrated utility in monitoring ET and drought conditions over large areas, they may provide ambiguous results when other factors (e.g., air temperature, advection) are affecting plant functioning. A more physically based interpretation of LST and NDVI and their relationship to subsurface moisture conditions can be obtained with a surface energy balance model driven by TIR remote sensing. The Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model is a multi-sensor TIR approach to ET mapping, coupling a two-source (soil + canopy) land-surface model with an atmospheric boundary layer model in time-differencing mode to routinely and robustly map daily fluxes at continental scales and 5 to 10-km resolution using thermal band imagery and insolation estimates from geostationary satellites. A related algorithm (DisALEXI) spatially disaggregates ALEXI fluxes down to finer spatial scales using moderate resolution TIR imagery from polar orbiting satellites. An overview of this modeling approach is presented, along with strategies for fusing information from multiple satellite platforms and wavebands to map daily ET down to resolutions on the order of 10 m. The ALEXI/DisALEXI model has potential for global applications by integrating data from multiple geostationary meteorological satellite systems, such as the US Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, the European Meteosat satellites, the Chinese Fen-yung 2B series, and the Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellites. Work is underway to further evaluate multi-scale ALEXI implementations over the US, Europe, Africa and other continents with geostationary satellite coverage.
C1 [Anderson, M. C.; Kustas, W. P.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Norman, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Hain, C. R.] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Mecikalski, J. R.; Schultz, L.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Gonzalez-Dugo, M. P.] IFAPA Andalusian Agr & Fisheries Dept, Cordoba, Spain.
[Cammalleri, C.] Univ Palermo, Dept Civil Environ & Aerosp Eng, Palermo, Italy.
[d'Urso, G.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Agr Engn & Agron, Naples, Italy.
[Pimstein, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Fruit Prod & Enol, Santiago, Chile.
[Gao, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Gao, F.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA.
RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov
RI Cammalleri, Carmelo/B-4227-2010; Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012;
Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P./J-4157-2012;
OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; Anderson,
Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P./0000-0003-0423-8246;
D'Urso, Guido/0000-0002-0251-4668
NR 61
TC 113
Z9 114
U1 4
U2 75
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1027-5606
J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC
JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
PY 2011
VL 15
IS 1
BP 223
EP 239
DI 10.5194/hess-15-223-2011
PG 17
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 713GP
UT WOS:000286723600018
ER
PT J
AU Kidd, C
Levizzani, V
AF Kidd, C.
Levizzani, V.
TI Status of satellite precipitation retrievals
SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION; TRMM MICROWAVE IMAGER; PASSIVE-MICROWAVE;
FLOOD PREDICTION; WORKING GROUP; CLOUD RADAR; PART I; ALGORITHMS;
RESOLUTION; INFORMATION
AB Satellites offer an unrivalled vantage point to observe and measure Earth system processes and parameters. Precipitation (rain and snow) in particular, benefit from such observations since precipitation is spatially and temporally highly variable and with satellites overcoming some of the deficiencies of conventional gauge and radar measurements. This paper provides an overall review of quantitative precipitation estimation, covering the basis of the satellite systems used in the observation of precipitation, the dissemination and processing of this data, and the generation, availability and validation of these precipitation estimates. A selection of applications utilising these precipitation estimates are then outlined to exemplify the utility of such products.
C1 [Kidd, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kidd, C.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Levizzani, V.] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy.
RP Kidd, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM chris.kidd@nasa.gov
RI Levizzani, Vincenzo/A-9070-2013; Kidd, Christopher/H-9910-2014
OI Levizzani, Vincenzo/0000-0002-7620-5235;
NR 63
TC 79
Z9 81
U1 3
U2 32
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1027-5606
J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC
JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
PY 2011
VL 15
IS 4
BP 1109
EP 1116
DI 10.5194/hess-15-1109-2011
PG 8
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 756MR
UT WOS:000290016400002
ER
PT J
AU Li, L
Stone, LS
Chen, J
AF Li, Li
Stone, Leland S.
Chen, Jing
TI Influence of optic-flow information beyond the velocity field on the
active control of heading
SO I-PERCEPTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Li, Li; Chen, Jing] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Stone, Leland S.] NASA, Human Syst Integrat Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA.
EM chenjingpku@gmail.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PION LTD
PI LONDON
PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND
SN 2041-6695
J9 I-PERCEPTION
JI I-Perception
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 4
BP 210
EP 210
PG 1
WC Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA V32HF
UT WOS:000208941600008
ER
PT J
AU Woo, R
AF Woo, Richard
TI Coronal streamers revealed during solar eclipses: Seeing is not
believing, and pictures can lie
SO I-PERCEPTION
LA English
DT Article
DE solar eclipses; coronal streamers; image artefact; optical illusion
AB For those fortunate enough to have personally witnessed and photographed the visible corona surrounding the Sun during a solar eclipse, pictures are usually a let down for not living up to the visual view. After 150 years of investigating the corona, we understand it more fully and now know this difference to be real. The difference stems from our inability to either see or image the true distribution of simultaneous brightness because of its large dynamic range (eg, Rodriguez, Woods, 2008 Digital Image Processing, Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall). Brightness in the corona is unprecedented, as it falls by three orders of magnitude over a distance of only one solar radius from the Sun.
C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Woo, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 238-725, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM richard.woo@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU PION LTD
PI LONDON
PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND
SN 2041-6695
J9 I-PERCEPTION
JI I-Perception
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 6
BP 565
EP 568
DI 10.1068/i0424
PG 4
WC Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA V32HH
UT WOS:000208941800004
PM 23145245
ER
PT J
AU Mouawad, N
Burger, MH
Killen, RM
Potter, AE
McClintock, WE
Vervack, RJ
Bradley, ET
Benna, M
Naidu, S
AF Mouawad, Nelly
Burger, Matthew H.
Killen, Rosemary M.
Potter, Andrew E.
McClintock, William E.
Vervack, Ronald J., Jr.
Bradley, E. Todd
Benna, Mehdi
Naidu, Shantanu
TI Constraints on Mercury's Na exosphere: Combined MESSENGER and
ground-based data
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mercury, Atmosphere
ID SODIUM EXOSPHERE; NEUTRAL SODIUM; METEOROID IMPACTS; ATMOSPHERE;
SURFACE; MAGNETOSPHERE; MODEL; POTASSIUM; DESORPTION; FLYBY
AB We have used observations of sodium emission obtained with the McMath-Pierce solar telescope and MESSENGER's Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS) to constrain models of Mercury's sodium exosphere. The distribution of sodium in Mercury's exosphere during the period January 12-15, 2008, was mapped using the McMath-Pierce solar telescope with the 5 '' x 5 '' image slicer to observe the D-line emission. On January 14, 2008, the Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer (UVVS) channel on MASCS sampled the sodium in Mercury's anti-sunward tail region. We find that the bound exosphere has an equivalent temperature of 900-1200 K, and that this temperature can be achieved if the sodium is ejected either by photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) with a 1200 K Maxwellian velocity distribution, or by thermal accommodation of a hotter source. We were not able to discriminate between the two assumed velocity distributions of the ejected particles for the PSD, but the velocity distributions require different values of the thermal accommodation coefficient and result in different upper limits on impact vaporization. We were able to place a strong constraint on the impact vaporization rate that results in the release of neutral Na atoms with an upper limit of 2.1 x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1). The variability of the week-long ground-based observations can be explained by variations in the sources, including both PSD and ion-enhanced PSD, as well as possible temporal enhancements in meteoroid vaporization. Knowledge of both dayside and anti-sunward tail morphologies and radiances are necessary to correctly deduce the exospheric source rates, processes, velocity distribution, and surface interaction. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mouawad, Nelly; Naidu, Shantanu] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Burger, Matthew H.; Killen, Rosemary M.; Benna, Mehdi] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Potter, Andrew E.] Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[McClintock, William E.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Vervack, Ronald J., Jr.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Bradley, E. Todd] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
RP Mouawad, N (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM mouawad@astro.umd.edu
RI Vervack, Ronald/C-2702-2016; Benna, Mehdi/F-3489-2012
OI Vervack, Ronald/0000-0002-8227-9564;
FU NASA [NNG05GF53G, NNX08AP65G, NNX07AR78G, NNX08A131G, NNX07AR63G];
National Science Foundation
FX N.M. was supported by the NASA Planetary Astronomy Program under Grants
NNG05GF53G and NNX08AP65G. R.M.K. was supported by the NASA MESSENGER
Participating Scientist Program Grant NNX07AR78G. MHB was supported by
the NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program Grant NNX08A131G. R.J.V. was
supported by the NASA MESSENGER Participating Scientist Program Grant
NNX07AR63G. Observations were conducted at the McMath-Pierce Solar
Telescope, which is operated by the National Solar Observatory under the
auspices of the National Science Foundation. We are grateful to Sean
Solomon for his helpful comments in preparation of the paper.
NR 69
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 21
EP 36
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.019
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600003
ER
PT J
AU Konopliv, AS
Asmar, SW
Folkner, WM
Karatekin, O
Nunes, DC
Smrekar, SE
Yoder, CF
Zuber, MT
AF Konopliv, Alex S.
Asmar, Sami W.
Folkner, William M.
Karatekin, Ozgur
Nunes, Daniel C.
Smrekar, Suzanne E.
Yoder, Charles F.
Zuber, Maria T.
TI Mars high resolution gravity fields from MRO, Mars seasonal gravity, and
other dynamical parameters
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mars, Interior; Geophysics; Planetary dynamics; Asteroids
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SOLAR GRAVITATIONAL DEFLECTION; BASE-LINE
INTERFEROMETRY; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; MASS REDISTRIBUTION; INTERIOR
STRUCTURE; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; HEND/ODYSSEY DATA; TIME VARIATIONS; RADIO
TRACKING
AB With 2 years of tracking data collection from the MRO spacecraft, there is noticeable improvement in the high frequency portion of the spherical harmonic Mars gravity field. The new JPL Mars gravity fields, MRO110B and MRO110B2, show resolution near degree 90. Additional years of MGS and Mars Odyssey tracking data result in improvement for the seasonal (J) over bar (3) gravity changes which compares well to global circulation models and Odyssey neutron data and Mars rotation and precession ((psi) over dot = -7594 +/- 10 mas/year). Once atmospheric dust is accounted for in the spacecraft solar pressure model, solutions for mars solar tide are consistent between data sets and show slightly larger values (k(2) = 0.164 +/- 0.009, after correction for atmospheric tide) compared to previous results, further constraining core models. An additional 4 years of Mars range data improves the Mars ephemeris, determines 21 asteroid masses and bounds solar mass loss (dGM(Sun)/dt < 1.6 x 10(-13) GM(Sun) year(-1)). (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Konopliv, Alex S.; Asmar, Sami W.; Folkner, William M.; Nunes, Daniel C.; Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Yoder, Charles F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Karatekin, Ozgur] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
[Zuber, Maria T.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Konopliv, AS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Alex.Konopliv@jpl.nasa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Belgian PRODEX program
FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. OK
acknowledges the support of Belgian PRODEX program managed by the ESA in
collaboration with the BELSPO. Dolan Highsmith, Stuart Demcak, and
Tung-Han You of the JPL navigation team provided spacecraft model
information. Boris Semenov provided help with incorporating MRO
attitude, solar array and HGA information. Alan Chamberlin provided the
small body ephemerides necessary for the processing of the NEAR data.
Bob Haberle, Jim Schaeffer, and Francois Forget provided data for the
GCM models. Tom Prettyman provided maps and instruction for interpreting
NR 120
TC 117
Z9 120
U1 4
U2 20
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 401
EP 428
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.004
PG 28
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600028
ER
PT J
AU Li, JY
Thomas, PC
Carcich, B
Mutchler, MJ
McFadden, LA
Russell, CT
Weinstein-Weiss, SS
Rayman, MD
Raymond, CA
AF Li, Jian-Yang
Thomas, Peter C.
Carcich, Brian
Mutchler, Max J.
McFadden, Lucy A.
Russell, Christopher T.
Weinstein-Weiss, Stacy S.
Rayman, Marc D.
Raymond, Carol A.
TI Improved measurement of Asteroid (4) Vesta's rotational axis orientation
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Asteroid Vesta; Asteroids, Rotation; Asteroids, Surfaces
ID TRIAXIAL ELLIPSOID DIMENSIONS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGES; CERES;
EXPLORATION; MISSION; POLES; DAWN
AB We report an improved measurement of the rotational axis orientation of Asteroid (4) Vesta. By analyzing and combining all previous measurements using a limb-fitting technique from ground/HST data collected from 1983 to 2006, we derive a pole solution of (RA = 304.5 degrees, Dec = 41.5 degrees). Images of Vesta acquired with the Wide Field Camera 3 onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in February 2010 are combined with images from the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on HST obtained in 1994, 1996, and 2007 at similar spatial resolution and wavelengths to perform new measurements. Control point stereogrammetry returns a pole solution of (305.1 degrees, 43.4 degrees). An alternate method tracks surface features and fits their projected paths with ellipses to determine a great circle containing the pole for each HST observation. Combined, the four great circles yield a pole solution of (309.3 degrees, 41.9 degrees). These three solutions obtained with almost independent methods are within 3.5 degrees of each other, suggesting a robust solution. Combining the results from all three techniques, we propose an improved value of the rotational axis of Vesta as RA = 305.8 degrees +/- 3.1 degrees, Dec = 41.4 degrees +/- 1.5 degrees (1-sigma error). This new solution changes from (301 degrees, 41 degrees) reported by Thomas et al. (Thomas, P.C., Binzel, R.P., Gaffey, M.J., Zellner, B.H., Storrs, AD., Wells, E. [1997a]. Icarus 128, 88-94) by 3.6 degrees, and from (306 degrees, 38 degrees) reported by Drummond and Christou (Drummond, J.D., Christou, J. [2008]. Icarus 197, 480-496) by 3.4 degrees. It changes the obliquity of Vesta by up to similar to 3 degrees, but increases the Sun-centered RA of Vesta at equinox by similar to 8 degrees, and postpones the date of equinox by similar to 35 days. The change of the pole position is less than the resolution of all previous images of Vesta, and should not change the main science conclusions of previous research about Vesta. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Jian-Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Thomas, Peter C.; Carcich, Brian] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Mutchler, Max J.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[McFadden, Lucy A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP & ESS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Weinstein-Weiss, Stacy S.; Rayman, Marc D.; Raymond, Carol A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Li, JY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM jyli@astro.umd.edu
RI McFadden, Lucy-Ann/I-4902-2013; Russell, Christopher/E-7745-2012
OI McFadden, Lucy-Ann/0000-0002-0537-9975; Russell,
Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through Space
Telescope Science Institute [HST-GO-12049.01-A]; NASA [NAS5-26555]
FX Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) through Grant HST-GO-12049.01-A from the Space
Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of
Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA Contract
NAS5-26555. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with
NASA. The authors are extremely grateful to Dennis Byrnes (Jet
Propulsion Laboratory) and Dr. Thomas Prettyman (Planetary Science
Institute) for their reviews and inputs on the error analysis in our
work. J.-Y.L. would like to thank Dr. Xi Shao (University of Maryland)
for the very helpful discussion on the statistical approach used in this
work. The authors also are extremely grateful to the two reviewers,
especially Dr. Jack Drummond, for their careful reviews which helped
improve this manuscript substantially.
NR 18
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 528
EP 534
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.019
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600037
ER
PT J
AU Orton, GS
Fletcher, LN
Lisse, CM
Chodas, PW
Cheng, A
Yanamandra-Fisher, PA
Baines, KH
Fisher, BM
Wesley, A
Perez-Hoyos, S
de Pater, I
Hammel, HB
Edwards, ML
Ingersoll, AP
Mousis, O
Marchis, F
Golisch, W
Sanchez-Lavega, A
Simon-Miller, AA
Hueso, R
Momary, TW
Greene, Z
Reshetnikov, N
Otto, E
Villar, G
Lai, S
Wong, MH
AF Orton, G. S.
Fletcher, L. N.
Lisse, C. M.
Chodas, P. W.
Cheng, A.
Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A.
Baines, K. H.
Fisher, B. M.
Wesley, A.
Perez-Hoyos, S.
de Pater, I.
Hammel, H. B.
Edwards, M. L.
Ingersoll, A. P.
Mousis, O.
Marchis, F.
Golisch, W.
Sanchez-Lavega, A.
Simon-Miller, A. A.
Hueso, R.
Momary, T. W.
Greene, Z.
Reshetnikov, N.
Otto, E.
Villar, G.
Lai, S.
Wong, M. H.
TI The atmospheric influence, size and possible asteroidal nature of the
July 2009 Jupiter impactor
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Jupiter; Impact processes; Infrared observations; Comets; Asteroids
ID INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY; SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9; COMET SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9;
MIDINFRARED SPECTROMETER; THERMAL STRUCTURE; TROJAN ASTEROIDS; SILICATE
GRAINS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SL9 IMPACTS; DEEP IMPACT
AB Near-infrared and mid-infrared observations of the site of the 2009 July 19 impact of an unknown object with Jupiter were obtained within days of the event. The observations were used to assess the properties of a particulate debris field, elevated temperatures, and the extent of ammonia gas redistributed from the troposphere into Jupiter's stratosphere. The impact strongly influenced the atmosphere in a central region, as well as having weaker effects in a separate field to its west, similar to the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) impact sites in 1994. Temperatures were elevated by as much as 6 K at pressures of about 50-70 mbar in Jupiter's lower stratosphere near the center of the impact site, but no changes above the noise level (1 K) were observed in the upper stratosphere at atmospheric pressures less than similar to 1 mbar. The impact transported at least similar to 2 x 10(15) g of gas from the troposphere to the stratosphere, an amount less than derived for the SL9 C fragment impact. From thermal heating and mass-transport considerations, the diameter of the impactor was roughly in the range of 200-500 m, assuming a mean density of 2.5 g/cm(3). Models with temperature perturbations and ammonia redistribution alone are unable to fit the observed thermal emission; non-gray emission from particulate emission is needed. Mid-infrared spectroscopy of material delivered by the impacting body implies that, in addition to a silicate component, it contains a strong signature that is consistent with silica, distinguishing it from SL9, which contained no evidence for silica. Because no comet has a significant abundance of silica, this result is more consistent with a "rocky" or "asteroidal" origin for the impactor than an "icy" or "cometary" one. This is surprising because the only objects generally considered likely to collide with Jupiter and its satellites are Jupiter-Family Comets, whose populations appear to be orders of magnitude larger than the Jupiter-encountering asteroids. Nonetheless, our conclusion that there is good evidence for at least a major asteroidal component of the impactor composition is also consistent both with constraints on the geometry of the impactor and with results of contemporaneous Hubble Space Telescope observations. If the impact was not simply a statistical fluke, then our conclusion that the impactor contained more rocky material than was the case for the desiccated Comet SL9 implies a larger population of Jupiter-crossing asteroidal bodies than previously estimated, an asteroidal component within the Jupiter-Family Comet population, or compositional differentiation within these bodies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Orton, G. S.; Chodas, P. W.; Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A.; Baines, K. H.; Fisher, B. M.; Momary, T. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Fletcher, L. N.] Oxford Univ Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
[Lisse, C. M.; Cheng, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Wesley, A.] Acquerra Pty Ltd, Murrumbateman, NSW, Australia.
[Perez-Hoyos, S.; Sanchez-Lavega, A.; Hueso, R.] Univ Basque Country, ETS Ingn, Bilbao 48013, Spain.
[de Pater, I.; Marchis, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Edwards, M. L.] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile.
[Hammel, H. B.] Space Sci Inst, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA.
[Ingersoll, A. P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Mousis, O.] CNRS, UMR 6213, Inst UTINAM, Observ Besancon, F-25010 Besancon, France.
[Marchis, F.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Golisch, W.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
[Simon-Miller, A. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Greene, Z.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Reshetnikov, N.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Otto, E.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Villar, G.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA.
[Wong, M. H.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Orton, GS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM go@scn.jpl.nasa.gov
RI Fletcher, Leigh/D-6093-2011; Simon, Amy/C-8020-2012; Marchis,
Franck/H-3971-2012; Perez-Hoyos, Santiago/L-7543-2014; Lisse,
Carey/B-7772-2016;
OI Fletcher, Leigh/0000-0001-5834-9588; Simon, Amy/0000-0003-4641-6186;
Perez-Hoyos, Santiago/0000-0002-2587-4682; Lisse,
Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526; Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin/0000-0001-7355-1522;
Hueso, Ricardo/0000-0003-0169-123X
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NCC 5-538]; University of
Oxford
FX We are grateful to the staffs of (i) the Infrared Telescope Facility,
operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement number
NCC 5-538 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, (ii)
the Gemini North and Gemini South Observatories, operated by the
Associated of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a
cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of
the Gemini partnership, and (iii) the ESO Very Large Telescope (Paranal
Observatories) without whom this work could not have taken place. The
individual relevant program identifications for each observatory were
cited in Section 2. We are particularly gratefully for their
resourcefulness of the Gemini Telescope and Very Large Telescope
personnel in responding to our requests for rapid access to telescope
time. The research described in this paper that was performed by GSO,
PAY-F, KHB, BMF, PC, and TM was carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. LNF was supported by
partially by a Glasstone Research Fellowship at the University of
Oxford, and by an appointment to the NASA Post-doctoral Program at the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract
with NASA. During the course of this research N.R. and G.V. were NASA
Undergraduate Research Program (USRP) fellows; Z.G., E.O. and S.L. were
Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellows. We thank many for helpful
discussions, particularly E. Asphaug, D. Blaney, B. Bezard, M. Boslough,
D. Crawford, L. Dones, A. J. Friedson, J. Goguen, J. Harrington, W.
McKinnon, D. Korycansky, H. Levison, C. Palotai, J. Spencer, R.A. West
and K. Zahnle.
NR 76
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 587
EP 602
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.010
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600043
ER
PT J
AU Hayes, AG
Aharonson, O
Lunine, JI
Kirk, RL
Zebker, HA
Wye, LC
Lorenz, RD
Turtle, EP
Paillou, P
Mitri, G
Wall, SD
Stofan, ER
Mitchell, KL
Elachi, C
AF Hayes, A. G.
Aharonson, O.
Lunine, J. I.
Kirk, R. L.
Zebker, H. A.
Wye, L. C.
Lorenz, R. D.
Turtle, E. P.
Paillou, P.
Mitri, G.
Wall, S. D.
Stofan, E. R.
Mitchell, K. L.
Elachi, C.
CA Cassini RADAR Team
TI Transient surface liquid in Titan's polar regions from Cassini
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Titan; Saturn, Satellites; Radar observations; Infrared observations
ID HYDROCARBON LAKES; RADAR; MOON; SCATTERING; WAVELENGTH; SATELLITES;
ATMOSPHERE; OCEAN; SHAPE; LAWS
AB Cassini RADAR images of Titan's south polar region acquired during southern summer contain lake features which disappear between observations. These features show a tenfold increases in backscatter cross-section between images acquired one year apart, which is inconsistent with common scattering models without invoking temporal variability. The morphologic boundaries are transient, further supporting changes in lake level. These observations are consistent with the exposure of diffusely scattering lakebeds that were previously hidden by an attenuating liquid medium. We use a two-layer model to explain backscatter variations and estimate a drop in liquid depth of approximately 1-m-per-year. On larger scales, we observe shoreline recession between ISS and RADAR images of Ontario Lacus, the largest lake in Titan's south polar region. The recession, occurring between June 2005 and July 2009, is inversely proportional to slopes estimated from altimetric profiles and the exponential decay of near-shore backscatter, consistent with a uniform reduction of 4 +/- 1.3 m in lake depth.
Of the potential explanations for observed surface changes, we favor evaporation and infiltration. The disappearance of dark features and the recession of Ontario's shoreline represents volatile transport in an active methane-based hydrologic cycle. Observed loss rates are compared and shown to be consistent with available global circulation models. To date, no unambiguous changes in lake level have been observed between repeat images in the north polar region, although further investigation is warranted. These observations constrain volatile flux rates in Titan's hydrologic system and demonstrate that the surface plays an active role in its evolution. Constraining these seasonal changes represents the first step toward our understanding of longer climate cycles that may determine liquid distribution on Titan over orbital time periods. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hayes, A. G.; Aharonson, O.; Mitri, G.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Lunine, J. I.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Lorenz, R. D.; Turtle, E. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Zebker, H. A.; Wye, L. C.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Paillou, P.] Univ Bordeaux, UMR5084, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, Floirac, France.
[Wall, S. D.; Mitchell, K. L.; Elachi, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Stofan, E. R.] Proxemy Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20882 USA.
RP Hayes, AG (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM hayes@gps.caltech.edu
RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz,
Ralph/B-8759-2016
OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Hayes,
Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644
FU Cassini Project; National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jakob Van Zyl of the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory for helpful discussions, and the Cassini Engineering Team,
without whom the data presented here would not have existed. This work
was supported by the Cassini Project, managed by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as well as by NASA's
Graduate Student Researchers Program.
NR 71
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 2
U2 17
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 655
EP 671
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.017
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600049
ER
PT J
AU Lorenz, RD
Turtle, EP
Stiles, B
Le Gall, A
Hayes, A
Aharonson, O
Wood, CA
Stofan, E
Kirk, R
AF Lorenz, Ralph D.
Turtle, Elizabeth P.
Stiles, Bryan
Le Gall, Alice
Hayes, Alexander
Aharonson, Oded
Wood, Charles A.
Stofan, Ellen
Kirk, Randy
TI Hypsometry of Titan
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Titan; Geological processes; Geophysics
ID CASSINI RADAR; TOPOGRAPHY; ELEVATION; EVOLUTION; SURFACE; SLOPES; SHAPE;
MARS; ALTIMETER; VENUS
AB Cassini RADAR topography data are used to evaluate Titan's hypsometric profile, and to make comparisons with other planetary bodies. Titan's hypsogram is unimodal and strikingly narrow compared with the terrestrial planets. To investigate topographic extremes, a novel variant on the classic hypsogram is introduced, with a logarithmic abscissa to highlight mountainous terrain. In such a plot, the top of the terrestrial hypsogram is quite distinct from those of Mars and Venus due to the 'glacial buzz-saw' that clips terrestrial topography above the snowline. In contrast to the positive skew seen in other hypsograms, with a long tail of positive relief due to mountains, there is an indication (weak, given the limited data for Titan so far) that the Titan hypsogram appears slightly negatively skewed, suggesting a significant population of unfilled depressions. Limited data permit only a simplistic comparison of Titan topography with other icy satellites but we find that the standard deviation of terrain height (albeit at different scales) is similar to those of Ganymede and Europa. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lorenz, Ralph D.; Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Stiles, Bryan; Le Gall, Alice] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Hayes, Alexander; Aharonson, Oded] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wood, Charles A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, VA USA.
[Stofan, Ellen] USA Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA.
[Kirk, Randy] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
EM ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu
RI Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz,
Ralph/B-8759-2016
OI Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Hayes,
Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644
FU NASA; European Space Agency (ESA); Italian Space Agency (ASI)
FX This work was supported by the Cassini-Huygens mission, which is a joint
endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space
Agency (ASI) and is managed by JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA.
We are grateful for the cogent criticism of two anonymous referees which
improved the paper.
NR 46
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 699
EP 706
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.002
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600052
ER
PT J
AU Barnes, JW
Soderblom, JM
Brown, RH
Soderblom, LA
Stephan, K
Jaumann, R
Le Mouelic, S
Rodriguez, S
Sotin, C
Buratti, BJ
Baines, KH
Clark, RN
Nicholson, PD
AF Barnes, Jason W.
Soderblom, Jason M.
Brown, Robert H.
Soderblom, Laurence A.
Stephan, Katrin
Jaumann, Ralf
Le Mouelic, Stephane
Rodriguez, Sebastien
Sotin, Christophe
Buratti, Bonnie J.
Baines, Kevin H.
Clark, Roger N.
Nicholson, Philip D.
TI Wave constraints for Titan's Jingpo Lacus and Kraken Mare from VIMS
specular reflection lightcurves
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Titan; Photometry; Satellites, surfaces
ID NEAR-SURFACE WIND; HUYGENS PROBE; ATMOSPHERE; PLANETS; OCEANS; CLOUDS;
GLINT
AB Stephan et al. (Stephan, K. et al. [2010]. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, 7104-+.) first saw the glint of sunlight specularly reflected off of Titan's lakes. We develop a quantitative model for analyzing the photometric lightcurve generated during a flyby in which the specularly reflected light flux depends on the fraction of the solar specular footprint that is covered by liquid. We allow for surface waves that spread out the geographic specular intensity distribution. Applying the model to the VIMS 158 observations shows that the waves on Jingpo Lacus must have slopes of no greater than 0.15 degrees, two orders of magnitude flatter than waves on Earth's oceans. Combining the model with theoretical estimates of the intensity of the specular reflection allows a tighter constraint on the waves: <= 0.05 degrees. Residual specular signal while the specular point lies on land implies that either the land is wetted, the wave slope distribution is non-Gaussian, or that 5% of the land off the southwest edge of Jingpo Lacus is covered in puddles. Another specular sequence off of Kraken Mare acquired during Cassini's 159 flyby shows rapid flux changes that the static model cannot reproduce. Points just 1 min apart vary in flux by more than a factor of two. The present dataset does not uniquely determine the mechanism causing these rapid changes. We suggest that changing wind conditions, kilometer-wavelength waves, or moving clouds could account for the variability. Future specular observations should be designed with a fast cadence, at least 6 points per minute, in order to differentiate between these hypotheses. Such new data will further constrain the nature of Titan's lakes and their interactions with Titan's atmosphere. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Soderblom, Jason M.; Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Soderblom, Laurence A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Stephan, Katrin; Jaumann, Ralf] Inst Planetary Res, DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
[Le Mouelic, Stephane] Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44035 Nantes, France.
[Rodriguez, Sebastien] Ctr Orme M Erisiers, Lab AIM, Ctr Etud Saclay, DAPNIA Sap, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Sotin, Christophe; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Baines, Kevin H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Barnes, JW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM jwbarnes@uidaho.edu
RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016
OI Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407; Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530;
Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641
FU NASA/ESA
FX The authors acknowledge support from the NASA/ESA Cassini project.
NR 34
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 722
EP 731
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.022
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600054
ER
PT J
AU Robutel, P
Rambaux, N
Castillo-Rogez, J
AF Robutel, Philippe
Rambaux, Nicolas
Castillo-Rogez, Julie
TI Analytical description of physical librations of saturnian coorbital
satellites Janus and Epimetheus
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Celestial mechanics; Resonances, Spin-orbit; Rotational dynamics;
Satellites, Shapes; Saturn, Satellites
ID SMALL INNER SATELLITES; CO-ORBITAL SATELLITES; DYNAMICS; EVOLUTION
AB Janus and Epimetheus are famously known for their distinctive horseshoe-shaped orbits resulting from a 1:1 orbital resonance. Every 4 years these two satellites swap their orbits by a few tens of kilometers as a result of their close encounter. Recently Tiscareno et al. (Tiscareno, M.S., Thomas, P.C., Burns, J.A. [2009]. Icarus 204, 254-261) have proposed a model of rotation based on images from the Cassini orbiter. These authors inferred the amplitude of rotational librational motion in longitude at the orbital period by fitting a shape model to Cassini ISS images. By a quasi-periodic approximation of the orbital motion, we describe how the orbital swap impacts the rotation of the satellites. To that purpose, we have developed a formalism based on quasi-periodic series with long- and short-period librations. In this framework, the amplitude of the libration at the orbital period is found proportional to a term accounting for the orbital swap. We checked the analytical quasi-periodic development by performing a numerical simulation and find both results in good agreement. To complete this study, the results obtained for the short-period librations are studied with the help of an adiabatic-like approach. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Robutel, Philippe; Rambaux, Nicolas] Observ Paris, CNRS, IMCCE, ASD,UMR8028, F-75014 Paris, France.
[Rambaux, Nicolas] Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Castillo-Rogez, Julie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Robutel, P (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, IMCCE, ASD,UMR8028, 77 Ave Denfert Rochereau, F-75014 Paris, France.
EM robutel@imcce.fr
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Government sponsorship
FX The authors thank M. Tiscareno their for numerous comments and useful
suggestions. We also thank J. Laskar and S. Boatto for fruitful
discussions. Part of this work has been conducted at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Government
sponsorship acknowledged.
NR 22
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 211
IS 1
BP 758
EP 769
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.014
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 709MK
UT WOS:000286443600057
ER
PT J
AU Khan, SI
Hong, Y
Wang, JH
Yilmaz, KK
Gourley, JJ
Adler, RF
Brakenridge, GR
Policelli, F
Habib, S
Irwin, D
AF Khan, Sadiq I.
Hong, Yang
Wang, Jiahu
Yilmaz, Koray K.
Gourley, Jonathan J.
Adler, Robert F.
Brakenridge, G. Robert
Policelli, Fritz
Habib, Shahid
Irwin, Daniel
TI Satellite Remote Sensing and Hydrologic Modeling for Flood Inundation
Mapping in Lake Victoria Basin: Implications for Hydrologic Prediction
in Ungauged Basins
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
CY JUL 12-17, 2009
CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA
SP IEEE
DE Floods; hydrology; optical sensors; rainfall-runoff modeling; satellite
precipitation
ID COASTAL FLOODPLAIN; FINITE-ELEMENT; RADAR IMAGERY; EXTENT; INFORMATION;
PERFORMANCE; CALIBRATION; ASTER; MODIS; AREA
AB Floods are among the most catastrophic natural disasters around the globe impacting human lives and infrastructure. Implementation of a flood prediction system can potentially help mitigate flood-induced hazards. Such a system typically requires implementation and calibration of a hydrologic model using in situ observations (i.e., rain and stream gauges). Recently, satellite remote sensing data have emerged as a viable alternative or supplement to in situ observations due to their availability over vast ungauged regions. The focus of this study is to integrate the best available satellite products within a distributed hydrologic model to characterize the spatial extent of flooding and associated hazards over sparsely gauged or ungauged basins. We present a methodology based entirely on satellite remote sensing data to set up and calibrate a hydrologic model, simulate the spatial extent of flooding, and evaluate the probability of detecting inundated areas. A raster-based distributed hydrologic model, Coupled Routing and Excess STorage (CREST), was implemented for the Nzoia basin, a subbasin of Lake Victoria in Africa. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Terra-based and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer-based flood inundation maps were produced over the region and used to benchmark the distributed hydrologic model simulations of inundation areas. The analysis showed the value of integrating satellite data such as precipitation, land cover type, topography, and other products along with space-based flood inundation extents as inputs to the distributed hydrologic model. We conclude that the quantification of flooding spatial extent through optical sensors can help to calibrate and evaluate hydrologic models and, hence, potentially improve hydrologic prediction and flood management strategies in ungauged catchments.
C1 [Khan, Sadiq I.; Hong, Yang; Wang, Jiahu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Yilmaz, Koray K.; Adler, Robert F.; Policelli, Fritz; Habib, Shahid] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Gourley, Jonathan J.] Natl Weather Ctr, NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Brakenridge, G. Robert] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
[Brakenridge, G. Robert] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
[Irwin, Daniel] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA.
RP Khan, SI (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM yanghong@ou.edu
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yilmaz, Koray/A-6053-2010; Khan,
Sadiq/B-8209-2012; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yilmaz, Koray/0000-0002-6244-8826;
Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755
NR 41
TC 65
Z9 67
U1 3
U2 47
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 1
BP 85
EP 95
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2057513
PN 1
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 701SZ
UT WOS:000285845000009
ER
PT J
AU Utku, C
Le Vine, DM
AF Utku, Cuneyt
Le Vine, David M.
TI A Model for Prediction of the Impact of Topography on Microwave Emission
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Microwave radiometry; relief; soil moisture; topography
ID SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; SURFACE; SMOS;
VEGETATION; RADIOMETER; SALINITY; SPACE
AB Topography can be important for future passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture from space. One of the problems in assessing the importance of topography is that a digital elevation model (DEM) for the surface does not provide an intuitive estimation of when topography will be important. This is especially true given the large footprint of L-band radiometers on future space missions such as the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), Aquarius and the Soil Moisture Active-Passive (SMAP) missions. To address this issue, the DEM has been replaced with a probability density function (pdf) for slopes. It is shown that the slope pdf can be separated into "smooth" and "rough" distributions that provide insight into when topography will be important. The model is applied to the site of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04) in Arizona, and to the site of the Australian Airborne Cal/Val Experiment for SMOS (AACES) and shown to produce results comparable to the direct application of the DEM.
C1 [Utku, Cuneyt] NASA, Cryospher Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Le Vine, David M.] NASA, Ocean Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Utku, C (reprint author), NASA, Cryospher Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 22
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 12
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 1
BP 395
EP 405
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2053936
PN 2
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 701TA
UT WOS:000285845100008
ER
PT J
AU Le Vine, DM
Dinnat, EP
Jacob, SD
Abraham, S
de Matthaeis, P
AF Le Vine, David M.
Dinnat, Emmanuel P.
Jacob, S. Daniel
Abraham, Saji
de Matthaeis, Paolo
TI Impact of Antenna Pattern on Measurement of the Third Stokes Parameter
From Space at L-Band
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Microwave radiometer; microwave radiometer polarimetry; microwave remote
sensing
ID SEA-SURFACE SALINITY; FARADAY-ROTATION; RADIOMETER; AQUARIUS;
IONOSPHERE; WINDSAT
AB The third Stokes parameter will be observed from space for the first time at L-band by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity and Aquarius/SAC-D satellites. The correlation between polarizations, which is the source of the third Stokes parameter, is of interest at L-band to measure Faraday rotation and also to indicate novel features of the surface. However, spurious signals (false indication of correlation) can occur in the third Stokes parameter. For example, this happens when the radiometer crosses boundaries associated with a large change in brightness temperature, such as land-water boundaries. In this paper, calculations with the Aquarius radiometer antennas will be used to show that these spurious signals are due to the cross-polarization coupling and large beamwidth associated with realistic L-band antennas in space.
C1 [Le Vine, David M.; Dinnat, Emmanuel P.; Jacob, S. Daniel; de Matthaeis, Paolo] NASA, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Le Vine, DM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM David.M.LeVine@nasa.gov
RI Dinnat, Emmanuel/D-7064-2012
OI Dinnat, Emmanuel/0000-0001-9003-1182
NR 26
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
EI 1558-0644
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 1
BP 406
EP 414
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2051953
PN 2
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 701TA
UT WOS:000285845100009
ER
PT J
AU Eastman, RD
Netanyahu, NS
Le Moigne, J
AF Eastman, Roger D.
Netanyahu, Nathan S.
Le Moigne, Jacqueline
BE LeMoigne, J
Netanyahu, NS
Eastman, RD
TI Survey of image registration methods
SO IMAGE REGISTRATION FOR REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID INFORMATION-BASED REGISTRATION; REMOTE-SENSING IMAGES; RESOLUTION
SATELLITE IMAGES; INTEREST POINT DETECTORS; MUTUAL-INFORMATION;
AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION; SUBPIXEL REGISTRATION; SIMILARITY MEASURES;
INTERPOLATION ARTIFACTS; STOCHASTIC GRADIENT
C1 [Eastman, Roger D.] Loyola Univ, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Netanyahu, Nathan S.] Bar Ilan Univ, IL-52100 Ramat Gan, Israel.
[Netanyahu, Nathan S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Le Moigne, Jacqueline] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Eastman, RD (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Baltimore, MD USA.
NR 184
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-52151-611-2
PY 2011
BP 35
EP 76
D2 10.1017/CBO9780511777684
PG 42
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing
SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing
GA BWC01
UT WOS:000293386100004
ER
PT J
AU Le Moigne, J
Netanyahu, NS
Eastman, RD
AF Le Moigne, Jacqueline
Netanyahu, Nathan S.
Eastman, Roger D.
BE LeMoigne, J
Netanyahu, NS
Eastman, RD
TI IMAGE REGISTRATION FOR REMOTE SENSING Concluding remarks
SO IMAGE REGISTRATION FOR REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Le Moigne, Jacqueline] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Netanyahu, Nathan S.] Bar Ilan Univ, IL-52100 Ramat Gan, Israel.
[Netanyahu, Nathan S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Eastman, Roger D.] Loyola Univ, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Le Moigne, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 4
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-52151-611-2
PY 2011
BP 475
EP 477
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing
SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing
GA BWC01
UT WOS:000293386100024
ER
PT J
AU Orasanu, J
Lieberman, P
AF Orasanu, Judith
Lieberman, Phil
BE Mosier, KL
Fischer, UM
TI NDM Issues in Extreme Environments
SO INFORMED BY KNOWLEDGE: EXPERT PERFORMANCE IN COMPLEX SITUATIONS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM)
CY JUN 03-06, 2007
CL Pacific Grove, CA
ID SHUTTLE/MIR SPACE MISSIONS; DECISION-MAKING; PARKINSONS-DISEASE;
SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; BASAL GANGLIA; PERFORMANCE; LEADERSHIP; SPACEFLIGHT;
PERSONALITY; MANAGEMENT
C1 [Orasanu, Judith] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Lieberman, Phil] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
RP Orasanu, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
FU NASA Behavioral Health and Performance Element of the Human Research
Program
FX Preparation of this chapter was supported by the NASA Behavioral Health
and Performance Element of the Human Research Program.
NR 67
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU ROUTLEDGE
PI ABINGDON
PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-13694-511-3
PY 2011
BP 3
EP 21
PG 19
WC Engineering, Industrial; Psychology, Applied
SC Engineering; Psychology
GA BG9BI
UT WOS:000392974000001
ER
PT B
AU Nunes, AC
AF Nunes, Arthur C., Jr.
BE Schwartz, M
TI Friction Stir Welding
SO INNOVATIONS IN MATERIALS MANUFACTURING, FABRICATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
RP Nunes, AC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-8216-6; 978-1-4200-8215-9
PY 2011
BP 137
EP 165
PG 29
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BC7CD
UT WOS:000354734500007
ER
PT B
AU Chuang, KC
AF Chuang, Kathy C.
BE Schwartz, M
TI Low Melt Viscosity Imide Resins for Resin Transfer Molding
SO INNOVATIONS IN MATERIALS MANUFACTURING, FABRICATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; ISOMERIC BIPHENYL POLYIMIDES;
THERMOOXIDATIVE STABILITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; COMPOSITES; OLIGOMERS;
FABRICATION; ANHYDRIDES; POLYMERIZATION; DIANHYDRIDE
C1 NASA, Struct & Mat Div, Polymer Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Chuang, KC (reprint author), NASA, Struct & Mat Div, Polymer Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
NR 70
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-8216-6; 978-1-4200-8215-9
PY 2011
BP 629
EP 658
PG 30
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA BC7CD
UT WOS:000354734500022
ER
PT S
AU Jenkins, JM
Dunnuck, J
AF Jenkins, Jon M.
Dunnuck, Jeb
BE Hoover, RB
Davies, PCW
Levin, GV
Rozanov, AY
TI The Little Photometer That Could: Technical Challenges and Science
Results from the Kepler Mission
SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR ASTROBIOLOGY XIV
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XIV
CY AUG 23-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Kepler Mission; exoplanet; transit; photometry; data compression;
systematic error correction
ID PLANETS; CANDIDATES; HAT-P-7B; SYSTEM; STARS
AB The Kepler spacecraft launched on March 7, 2009, initiating NASA's first search for Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars. Since launch, Kepler has announced the discovery of 17 exoplanets, including a system of six transiting a Sun-like star, Kepler-11, and the first confirmed rocky planet, Kepler-10b, with a radius of 1.4 that of Earth. Kepler is proving to be a cornucopia of discoveries: it has identified over 1200 candidate planets based on the first 120 days of observations, including 54 that are in or near the habitable zone of their stars, and 68 that are 1.2 Earth radii or smaller. An astounding 408 of these planetary candidates are found in 170 multiple systems, demonstrating the compactness and flatness of planetary systems composed of small planets. Never before has there been a photometer capable of reaching a precision near 20 ppm in 6.5 hours and capable of conducting nearly continuous and uninterrupted observations for months to years. In addition to exoplanets, Kepler is providing a wealth of astrophysics, and is revolutionizing the field of asteroseismology. Designing and building the Kepler photometer and the software systems that process and analyze the resulting data to make the discoveries presented a daunting set of challenges, including how to manage the large data volume. The challenges continue into flight operations, as the photometer is sensitive to its thermal environment, complicating the task of detecting 84 ppm drops in brightness corresponding to Earth-size planets transiting Sun-like stars.
C1 [Jenkins, Jon M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Jenkins, JM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, M-S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM Jon.Jenkins@nasa.gov
NR 45
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-762-9
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8152
AR 814602
DI 10.1117/12.897767
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
Geology; Optics
GA BXH10
UT WOS:000296107200001
ER
PT S
AU Howard, JM
AF Howard, Joseph M.
BE Andersen, T
Enmark, A
TI Optical Integrated Modeling activities for the James Webb Space
Telescope (JWST)
SO INTEGRATED MODELING OF COMPLEX OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Integrated Modeling of Complex Optomechanical Systems
CY AUG 15-17, 2011
CL Kiruna, SWEDEN
SP Lulea Univ Technol, SRT, Div Space Technol, Lund Univ, Lund Observ
AB This paper summarizes the optical integrated modeling efforts for the James Webb Space Telescope reported from 2003 to 2009. The topics include: 1) development of the linear optical model (or LOM), 2) the extension of the LOM to a field of view, 3) tolerance analysis of figure and alignment modes of the telescope, 4) introduction of math software toolkits, 5) system level modeling and closed loop alignment updates of the observatory on orbit, and 6) primary mirror figure compensation of large figure aberration.
C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Howard, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Code 551, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Joseph.M.Howard@nasa.gov
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-993-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8336
AR 83360E
DI 10.1117/12.916844
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BYC41
UT WOS:000297925400014
ER
PT S
AU Muheim, DM
Menzel, MT
AF Muheim, Danniella M.
Menzel, Michael T.
BE Andersen, T
Enmark, A
TI Systems Modeling in the Design and Verification of the James Webb Space
Telescope
SO INTEGRATED MODELING OF COMPLEX OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Integrated Modeling of Complex Optomechanical Systems
CY AUG 15-17, 2011
CL Kiruna, SWEDEN
SP Lulea Univ Technol, SRT, Div Space Technol, Lund Univ, Lund Observ
DE infrared; mid-infrared; image quality; analysis; integrated modeling
AB The James Web Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared-optimized space telescope. System-level verification of critical performance requirements will rely on integrated observatory models that predict optical response accurately enough to verify that the allocated top-level wavefront error of 150 nm root-mean-squared (rms) through to wavefront sensor focal plane is met. The assembled models themselves are complex and require the insight of technical experts working as a team across multiple disciplines and organizations. Furthermore, responses in several key disciplines are strongly cross-coupled. This paper describes the breadth of the systems engineering and modeling approach used on the JWST including technical performance metrics management. The scope of the systems-level modeling includes stowed dynamics, deployed dynamics, thermal, thermal distortion, straylight, optics and attitude control systems.
C1 [Muheim, Danniella M.; Menzel, Michael T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Muheim, DM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM danniella.muheim@nasa.gov
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-993-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8336
AR 833603
DI 10.1117/12.915589
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BYC41
UT WOS:000297925400003
ER
PT S
AU Nissly, C
Seo, BJ
Troy, M
Angeli, G
Cho, M
Ellerbroek, B
Piatrou, P
Roberts, LC
Shelton, JC
Wang, LQ
AF Nissly, Carl
Seo, Byoung-Joon
Troy, Mitchell
Angeli, George
Cho, Myung
Ellerbroek, Brent
Piatrou, Piotr
Roberts, Lewis C., Jr.
Shelton, J. Chris
Wang, Lianqi
BE Andersen, T
Enmark, A
TI High Fidelity Optical Modeling for the TMT
SO INTEGRATED MODELING OF COMPLEX OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Integrated Modeling of Complex Optomechanical Systems
CY AUG 15-17, 2011
CL Kiruna, SWEDEN
SP Lulea Univ Technol, SRT, Div Space Technol, Lund Univ, Lund Observ
DE Thirty Meter Telescope; Normalized Point Source Sensitivity; Optical
Modeling; MACOS; APS; TMTracer; M1CS; OIWFS; NFIRAOS; MAOS; PFI
AB The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is a Ritchey-Chritien optical telescope with a 30-meter diameter primary mirror made up of 492 hexagonal segments. Such a large and complex optical system requires detailed modeling of the optical performance during the design phase. An optical modeling computational framework has been developed to support activities related to wavefront & image performance prediction. The model includes effects related to mirror shape sensing & control, mirror alignment & phasing, M1 segment control, low order wavefront correction, adaptive optics simulation for high order wavefront correction, and high contrast imaging. Here we give an overview of this optical simulation framework, the modeling tools and algorithms that are used, and a set of sample analyses. These tools have been used in many aspects of the system design process from mirror specification to instrument & sensor design to algorithm development and beyond.
C1 [Nissly, Carl; Seo, Byoung-Joon; Troy, Mitchell; Roberts, Lewis C., Jr.; Shelton, J. Chris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Nissly, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Carl.R.Nissly@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-993-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8336
AR 83360B
DI 10.1117/12.918708
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BYC41
UT WOS:000297925400011
ER
PT S
AU Redding, D
Lou, JZ
Kissil, A
Bradford, M
Padin, S
Woody, D
AF Redding, David
Lou, John Z.
Kissil, Andy
Bradford, Matt
Padin, Steve
Woody, David
BE Andersen, T
Enmark, A
TI Model-Based Wavefront Control for CCAT
SO INTEGRATED MODELING OF COMPLEX OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Integrated Modeling of Complex Optomechanical Systems
CY AUG 15-17, 2011
CL Kiruna, SWEDEN
SP Lulea Univ Technol, SRT, Div Space Technol, Lund Univ, Lund Observ
DE Segmented mirror; wavefront control; edge sensors; Kalman filter
AB The 25-m aperture CCAT submillimeter-wave telescope will have a primary mirror that is divided into 162 individual segments, each of which is provided with 3 positioning actuators. CCAT will be equipped with innovative Imaging Displacement Sensors (IDS) - inexpensive optical edge sensors - capable of accurately measuring all segment relative motions. These measurements are used in a Kalman-filter-based Optical State Estimator to estimate wavefront errors, permitting use of a minimum-wavefront controller without direct wavefront measurement. This controller corrects the optical impact of errors in 6 degrees of freedom per segment, including lateral translations of the segments, using only the 3 actuated degrees of freedom per segment. The edge sensors do not measure the global motions of the Primary and Secondary Mirrors. These are controlled using a gravity-sag look-up table. Predicted performance is illustrated by simulated response to errors such as gravity sag.
C1 [Redding, David; Lou, John Z.; Kissil, Andy; Bradford, Matt] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Redding, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-993-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8336
AR 83360Q
DI 10.1117/12.916694
PG 27
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BYC41
UT WOS:000297925400026
ER
PT S
AU Shiri, S
Howard, JM
Aronstein, DL
AF Shiri, Shahram (Ron)
Howard, Joseph M.
Aronstein, David L.
BE Andersen, T
Enmark, A
TI Alignment Estimation and Control of the James Webb Space Telescope
Mirrors Using Decomposition of an Influence Matrix
SO INTEGRATED MODELING OF COMPLEX OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Integrated Modeling of Complex Optomechanical Systems
CY AUG 15-17, 2011
CL Kiruna, SWEDEN
SP Lulea Univ Technol, SRT, Div Space Technol, Lund Univ, Lund Observ
DE Control; influence matrix; singular value decomposition
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a three-mirror anastigmatic telescope. For a "blind" telescope alignment estimation and control study at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), influence functions for each of the primary mirror's 18 segments (6 degrees of freedom each) and for the secondary mirror (5 degrees of freedom) were used to construct a 113-element influence matrix. The singular value vector obtained from pseudoinverse of this influence matrix indicates that the most dominant modes in the control of the telescope are rotation, piston, clocking and translation, in order of significance. The application of an iterative-control algorithm to ten cases of random misalignments, involving both the primary segmented mirror and secondary mirror, shows strong convergence after 5 iterations in most of the cases.
C1 [Shiri, Shahram (Ron); Howard, Joseph M.; Aronstein, David L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Shiri, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-993-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8336
AR 83360T
DI 10.1117/12.916794
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BYC41
UT WOS:000297925400029
ER
PT S
AU Smith, JS
Dean, BH
Rilee, A
Zielinski, TP
AF Smith, J. Scott
Dean, Bruce H.
Rilee, Alexander
Zielinski, Thomas P.
BE Andersen, T
Enmark, A
TI Parallel-Computing Architecture for JWST Wavefront-Sensing and
Integrated Modeling
SO INTEGRATED MODELING OF COMPLEX OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Integrated Modeling of Complex Optomechanical Systems
CY AUG 15-17, 2011
CL Kiruna, SWEDEN
SP Lulea Univ Technol, SRT, Div Space Technol, Lund Univ, Lund Observ
DE phase retrieval; wavefront sensing; James Webb Space Telescope (JWST);
Graphics Processing Units (GPU); Central Processing Unit (CPU)
ID PHASE-RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; DIFFRACTION PLANE PICTURES; IMAGE
AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope and will be NASA's premier observatory of the next decade. Image-based wavefront sensing (phase retrieval) is the primary method for ground testing and on-orbit commissioning. For ground tests at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and Johnson Space Center (JSC), near-real-time analysis is critical for ensuring that pass/fail criteria are met before completion of a specific test. To address this need we have developed a computational architecture for image processing and phase retrieval. Using commercially available off-the-shelf hardware and software, we have designed, implemented, and tested a solution for high-speed parallel computing. The architecture is a hybrid solution utilizing both CPUs and GPUs and exploiting the unique advantages of each. Discussions are presented of the architecture, performance, and current limitations.
C1 [Smith, J. Scott; Dean, Bruce H.; Rilee, Alexander; Zielinski, Thomas P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Smith, JS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Code 551, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-993-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8336
AR 83360Y
DI 10.1117/12.920199
PG 7
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BYC41
UT WOS:000297925400034
ER
PT J
AU Vachtsevanos, G
Goebel, K
AF Vachtsevanos, George
Goebel, Kai
BE Jennions, IK
TI Basic Principles
SO INTEGRATED VEHICLE HEALTH MANAGEMENT: PERSPECTIVES ON AN EMERGING FIELD
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID DECONVOLUTION
C1 [Vachtsevanos, George] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Goebel, Kai] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Prognost Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC USA.
RP Vachtsevanos, G (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SAE INTERNATIONAL
PI WARRENDALE
PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 USA
BN 978-0-7680-6432-2
PY 2011
BP 55
EP 65
D2 10.4271/R-405
PG 11
WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science;
Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation
GA BHN99
UT WOS:000326023900006
ER
PT J
AU Goebel, K
Vachtsevanos, G
AF Goebel, Kai
Vachtsevanos, George
BE Jennions, IK
TI Algorithms and Their Impact on Integrated Vehicle Health Management
SO INTEGRATED VEHICLE HEALTH MANAGEMENT: PERSPECTIVES ON AN EMERGING FIELD
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID TIME-SERIES
C1 [Goebel, Kai] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Prognost Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC USA.
[Vachtsevanos, George] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Goebel, K (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Prognost Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC USA.
NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SAE INTERNATIONAL
PI WARRENDALE
PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 USA
BN 978-0-7680-6432-2
PY 2011
BP 67
EP 76
D2 10.4271/R-405
PG 10
WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science;
Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation
GA BHN99
UT WOS:000326023900007
ER
PT J
AU Srivastava, AN
Mylaraswamy, D
Mah, RW
Cooper, EG
AF Srivastava, Ashok N.
Mylaraswamy, Dinkar
Mah, Robert W.
Cooper, Eric G.
BE Jennions, IK
TI Vehicle-Level Reasoning Systems: Integrating System-Wide Data to
Estimate the Instantaneous Health State
SO INTEGRATED VEHICLE HEALTH MANAGEMENT: PERSPECTIVES ON AN EMERGING FIELD
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Srivastava, Ashok N.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Data Understanding Grp, Washington, DC USA.
[Mah, Robert W.; Cooper, Eric G.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
RP Srivastava, AN (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Data Understanding Grp, Washington, DC USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SAE INTERNATIONAL
PI WARRENDALE
PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 USA
BN 978-0-7680-6432-2
PY 2011
BP 99
EP 111
D2 10.4271/R-405
PG 13
WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science;
Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation
GA BHN99
UT WOS:000326023900010
ER
PT J
AU Tinsley, CH
AF Tinsley, Catherine H.
BE Fischhoff, B
Chauvin, C
TI Social Categorization and Intergroup Dynamics
SO INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS: BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID COMMON INGROUP IDENTITY; IN-GROUP; ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXTS; CONTACT
HYPOTHESIS; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; SELF; COOPERATION; PERCEPTION; CHOICE;
BIAS
C1 [Tinsley, Catherine H.] Georgetown Univ, McDonough Sch Business, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
[Tinsley, Catherine H.] Univ Basel, Coll Law & Econ, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
[Tinsley, Catherine H.] NASA, Washington, DC USA.
RP Tinsley, CH (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, McDonough Sch Business, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
NR 138
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
BN 978-0-309-17698-9
PY 2011
BP 197
EP 223
PG 27
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA BC4IE
UT WOS:000352541500013
ER
PT J
AU Van Zante, D
AF Van Zante, Dale
TI Large-scale simulations for turbine engine core noise
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS
LA English
DT Article
AB As turbofan engine bypass ratios continue to increase, the contribution of the turbine to the engine and aircraft noise signature is receiving more attention. Understanding the relative importance of the various turbine noise generation mechanisms and the characteristics of the turbine acoustic transmission loss are essential ingredients in developing robust reduced-order models for predicting the turbine noise signature. A computationally based investigation has been undertaken to help guide the development of a turbine noise prediction capability that does not rely on empiricism. Under the auspices of the Fundamental Aeronautics Program, NASA is currently funding core noise research focused on the generation and propagation mechanisms of combustor and turbine noise in the combustor-turbine-nozzle system. Highly detailed numerical simulations of the unsteady flow field inside the first stage of a modern high-pressure turbine were carried out using TURBO. Spectral and modal analysis of the unsteady pressure data from the numerical simulation of the turbine stage show a circumferential modal distribution that is consistent with the Tyler-Sofrin rule, which gives confidence in the approach. Additionally, initial steps have been taken in determining the source strength hierarchy.
C1 NASA, Acoust Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Van Zante, D (reprint author), NASA, Acoust Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM Dale.E.VanZante@nasa.gov
FU NASA
FX This work was sponsored by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program,
Subsonic Fixed Wing Project under a milestone to
develop/improve/validate hybrid models for combustor-turbine coupling
and turbine acoustic transmission effects.
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 5
PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD
PI BRENTWOOD
PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1475-472X
J9 INT J AEROACOUST
JI Int. J. Aeroacoust.
PY 2011
VL 10
IS 1
BP 75
EP 87
PG 13
WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics
SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics
GA 670GH
UT WOS:000283408700005
ER
PT J
AU Goldstein, ME
AF Goldstein, M. E.
TI Recent developments in the application of the Generalized Acoustic
Analogy to jet noise prediction
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EDDY SIMULATION; SOUND; AEROACOUSTICS; FLOW; EQUATION
AB The Generalized Acoustic Analogy provides a logical framework for the prediction of aerodynamically generated sound. This paper reviews some recent developments in the use of this analogy for the prediction of noise from high speed air jets. Other approaches to jet noise prediction are not discussed. Recent advances in accounting for non-parallel mean flow and temperature effects are described. The results suggest that the former effect is more important than previously believed. They also suggest that previously neglected coupling between momentum flux and enthalpy flux fluctuations can be an important source of noise in high Mach number heated jets. Some recent improvements in acoustic source modeling are also summarized.
C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
RP Goldstein, ME (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM marvine.goldstein@nasa.gov
NR 47
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD
PI BRENTWOOD
PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1475-472X
J9 INT J AEROACOUST
JI Int. J. Aeroacoust.
PY 2011
VL 10
IS 2-3
SI SI
BP 89
EP 115
PG 27
WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics
SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics
GA 758QM
UT WOS:000290180000002
ER
PT J
AU Farassat, F
Myers, MK
AF Farassat, F.
Myers, M. K.
TI Multidimensional generalized functions in aeroacoustics and fluid
mechanics-Part 1: basic concepts and operations
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACES; FORMULA
AB This paper is the first part of a three part tutorial on multidimensional generalized functions (GFs) and their applications in aeroacoustics and fluid mechanics. The subject is fascinating and essential in many areas of science and, in particular, wave propagation problems. In this tutorial, we strive to present rigorously and clearly the basic concepts and the tools that are needed to use GFs in applications effectively and with ease. We give many examples to help the readers in understanding the mathematical ideas presented here. The first part of the tutorial is on the basic concepts of GFs. Here we define GFs, their properties and some common operations on them. We define the important concept of generalized differentiation and then give some interesting elementary and advanced examples on Green's functions and wave propagation problems. Here, the analytic power of GFs in applications is demonstrated with ease and elegance. Part 2 of this tutorial is on the diverse applications of generalized derivatives (GDs). Part 3 is on generalized Fourier transformations and some more advanced topics. One goal of writing this tutorial is to convince readers that, because of their powerful operational properties, GFs are essential and useful in engineering and physics, particularly in aeroacoustics and fluid mechanics.
C1 [Farassat, F.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Myers, M. K.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA.
RP Farassat, F (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM feri.farassat@nasa.gov; mkmyers@gwu.edu
NR 41
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD
PI BRENTWOOD
PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1475-472X
J9 INT J AEROACOUST
JI Int. J. Aeroacoust.
PY 2011
VL 10
IS 2-3
SI SI
BP 161
EP 199
PG 39
WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics
SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics
GA 758QM
UT WOS:000290180000004
ER
PT J
AU Cable, TL
Setlock, JA
Farmer, SC
Eckel, AJ
AF Cable, Thomas L.
Setlock, John A.
Farmer, Serene C.
Eckel, Andrew J.
TI Regenerative Performance of the NASA Symmetrical Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Design
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRODE
AB The NASA Glenn Research Center is developing a novel cell design and a novel ceramic fabrication technique to produce solid oxide fuel cells predicted to exceed a specific power density of 1.0 kW/kg. The NASA cell has taken a different approach among planar designs, by removing the metal interconnect and returning to the use of a thin, Ca-doped LaCrO(3) interconnect. The cell is structurally symmetrical. Both electrodes support the thin electrolyte and contain microchannels for gas flow, a geometry referred to as a bielectrode-supported cell. Electrolysis tests verify high electrochemical voltage efficiencies and high H(2)O conversion percentages.
C1 [Cable, Thomas L.; Setlock, John A.; Farmer, Serene C.; Eckel, Andrew J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ceram Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
[Cable, Thomas L.; Setlock, John A.] Univ Toledo, MIME Dept, Toledo, OH 43606 USA.
RP Cable, TL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ceram Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
EM thomas.l.cable@nasa.gov
NR 14
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1546-542X
J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC
JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol.
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 1
BP 1
EP 12
DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02477.x
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 703HI
UT WOS:000285968600001
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, YX
Sun, S
Olsen, SC
Dubey, MK
He, JH
AF Zhang, Yongxin
Sun, Shan
Olsen, Seth C.
Dubey, Manvendra K.
He, Jinhai
TI CCSM3 simulated regional effects of anthropogenic aerosols for two
contrasting scenarios: rising Asian emissions and global reduction of
aerosols
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE aerosol effects; CCSM3; ENSO; teleconnection
ID BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CLOUDS; MODEL VERSION-3 CCSM3;
CLIMATE; POLLUTION; MONSOON; PACIFIC; IMPACTS; CHINA
AB This paper examines the effects of two largely contrasting aerosol emissions scenarios on regional climate using National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model version 3: (1) increasing the anthropogenic aerosols over China and India by a factor of three and (2) reducing the global anthropogenic aerosols by a factor of 10. Dynamic footprints of the increased Asian aerosols with monthly variations are obtained from Model for OZone And Related chemical Tracers simulations. Increasing Asian aerosol emissions would result in cooling and reduction of precipitation over China and India, with large warming over the USA and southern Canada in winter and cooling in summer. Additionally, large changes in rainfall rate are identified over the tropical regions. In contrast, reducing the global aerosol emissions by a factor of 10 would significantly warm the atmosphere especially over the polluted land areas of both hemispheres. Increases in rainfall over polluted land areas are also noted. Deepening of the Aleutian low and weakening of the Icelandic low in winter are noted in the 500-mb geopotential height under both scenarios suggesting a strengthening of the North Pacific storm track and weakening of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The polar regions of winter hemisphere are subject to large changes in the 500-mb geopotential height. Teleconnection patterns associated with ENSO play important roles in causing large changes in surface air temperature and rainfall far away from the source regions of the altered aerosol concentrations. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Zhang, Yongxin] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
[Sun, Shan] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Olsen, Seth C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Dubey, Manvendra K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[He, Jinhai] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
RP Zhang, YX (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, POB 1700 Sta CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
EM yongxin.fred@gmail.com
RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Sun, Shan/H-2318-2015
OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X;
FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [LA-UR-07-3930, LDRD200500014DR];
National Natural Science Foundation of China [2006CB403705]; National
Science Foundation
FX This work (LA-UR-07-3930) was supported by the Los Alamos National
Laboratory through the Laboratory Directed Research Development (LDRD)
Program (Project Number: LDRD200500014DR; PI: Dr. Manvendra K. Dubey).
Support was also provided to Y. Zhang by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China through the 973 Program (Grant Number: 2006CB403705;
PI: Prof. Jinhai He). Three anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for
their constructive comments and suggestions for improving the
manuscript. The model simulations were performed at the NCAR
Computational and Information System Laboratory (CISL). NCAR is
sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0899-8418
J9 INT J CLIMATOL
JI Int. J. Climatol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 1
BP 95
EP 114
DI 10.1002/joc.2060
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 703AE
UT WOS:000285936200009
ER
PT J
AU Joshi, SM
Tao, G
Patre, P
AF Joshi, Suresh M.
Tao, Gang
Patre, Parag
TI Direct adaptive control using an adaptive reference model
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
DE adaptive control; adaptive reference model; plant-model mismatch;
mismatch estimation; hybrid adaptive control
AB Direct model reference adaptive control is considered when the plant-model matching conditions are violated due to large changes in the plant or incorrect knowledge of the plant's mathematical structure. Because of the mismatch, the plant can no longer track the original reference model, but may be able to track a modified reference model that still provides satisfactory performance. The proposed approach uses a time-varying 'adaptive' reference model that reflects the achievable performance of the changed plant. The approach consists of direct adaptation of state feedback gains for state tracking and simultaneous estimation of the plant-model mismatch. The reference model adapts to the changed plant, and is redesigned if the estimated plant-model mismatch exceeds a bound determined via robust stability and/or performance criteria. The resulting controller offers asymptotic state tracking in the presence of plant-model mismatch as well as matched parameter deviations.
C1 [Joshi, Suresh M.; Patre, Parag] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Tao, Gang] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
RP Joshi, SM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 308, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
EM suresh.m.joshi@nasa.gov
FU NASA at Langley Research Center
FX The authors are grateful to Prof. Carsten Scherer of University of
Stuttgart for his help with LMI implementation. The third author would
like to acknowledge the support of the NASA Postdoctoral Program at
Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated
Universities through a contract with NASA.
NR 11
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0020-7179
J9 INT J CONTROL
JI Int. J. Control
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 1
BP 180
EP 196
DI 10.1080/00207179.2010.544756
PG 17
WC Automation & Control Systems
SC Automation & Control Systems
GA 717DH
UT WOS:000287022800014
ER
PT J
AU Yang, CW
Goodchild, M
Huang, QY
Nebert, D
Raskin, R
Xu, Y
Bambacus, M
Fay, D
AF Yang, Chaowei
Goodchild, Michael
Huang, Qunying
Nebert, Doug
Raskin, Robert
Xu, Yan
Bambacus, Myra
Fay, Daniel
TI Spatial cloud computing: how can the geospatial sciences use and help
shape cloud computing?
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH
LA English
DT Article
DE digital earth; Cyber GIS; geodynamics; space-time; high-performance
computing; geospatial cyberinfrastructure
ID SPATIOTEMPORAL DATASETS; FRAMEWORK; SERVICE; SCALE; EARTH; GENERATION;
MANAGEMENT; MODELS; SYSTEM
AB The geospatial sciences face grand information technology (IT) challenges in the twenty-first century: data intensity, computing intensity, concurrent access intensity and spatiotemporal intensity. These challenges require the readiness of a computing infrastructure that can: (1) better support discovery, access and utilization of data and data processing so as to relieve scientists and engineers of IT tasks and focus on scientific discoveries; (2) provide real-time IT resources to enable real-time applications, such as emergency response; (3) deal with access spikes; and (4) provide more reliable and scalable service for massive numbers of concurrent users to advance public knowledge. The emergence of cloud computing provides a potential solution with an elastic, on-demand computing platform to integrate - observation systems, parameter extracting algorithms, phenomena simulations, analytical visualization and decision support, and to provide social impact and user feedback - the essential elements of the geospatial sciences. We discuss the utilization of cloud computing to support the intensities of geospatial sciences by reporting from our investigations on how cloud computing could enable the geospatial sciences and how spatiotemporal principles, the kernel of the geospatial sciences, could be utilized to ensure the benefits of cloud computing. Four research examples are presented to analyze how to: (1) search, access and utilize geospatial data; (2) configure computing infrastructure to enable the computability of intensive simulation models; (3) disseminate and utilize research results for massive numbers of concurrent users; and (4) adopt spatiotemporal principles to support spatiotemporal intensive applications. The paper concludes with a discussion of opportunities and challenges for spatial cloud computing (SCC).
C1 [Yang, Chaowei; Huang, Qunying] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & GeoInformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Yang, Chaowei; Huang, Qunying] George Mason Univ, Ctr Intelligent Spatial Comp, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Goodchild, Michael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Nebert, Doug] Fed Geog Data Comm, Natl Ctr 590, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Raskin, Robert] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Xu, Yan; Fay, Daniel] Microsoft Corp, Microsoft Res Connect, Redmond, WA 98052 USA.
[Bambacus, Myra] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Yang, CW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & GeoInformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM cyang3@gmu.edu
RI zong, fico/H-4677-2011; Yang, Chaowei/A-9881-2017;
OI Yang, Chaowei/0000-0001-7768-4066
FU NASA [NNX07AD99G, SMD-09-1448]; FGDC [G09AC00103]
FX We thank Drs. Huadong Guo and Changlin Wang for inviting us to write
this definition and field review paper. Research reported is partially
supported by NASA (NNX07AD99G and SMD-09-1448), FGDC (G09AC00103), and
Environmental Informatics Framework of the Earth, Energy, and
Environment Program at Microsoft Research Connection. We thank
insightful comments from reviewers including Dr. Aijun Chen (NASA/GMU),
Dr. Thomas Huang (NASA JPL), Dr. Cao Kang (Clark Univ.), Krishna Kumar
(Microsoft), Dr. Wenwen Li (UCSB), Dr. Michael Peterson (University of
Nebraska-Omaha), Dr. Xuan Shi (Geogia Tech), Dr. Tong Zhang (Wuhan
University), Jinesh Varia (Amazon) and an anonymous reviewer. This paper
is a result from the collaborations/discussions with colleagues from
NASA, FGDC, USGS, EPA, GSA, Microsoft, ESIP, AAG CISG, CPGIS, UCGIS,
GEO, and ISDE.
NR 82
TC 103
Z9 123
U1 11
U2 69
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1753-8947
J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH
JI Int. J. Digit. Earth
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 4
BP 305
EP 329
AR PII 938806602
DI 10.1080/17538947.2011.587547
PG 25
WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing
SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
GA 780PI
UT WOS:000291870000003
ER
PT J
AU Foster, JL
Hall, DK
Eylander, JB
Riggs, GA
Nghiem, SV
Tedesco, M
Kim, E
Montesano, PM
Kelly, REJ
Casey, KA
Choudhury, B
AF Foster, James L.
Hall, Dorothy K.
Eylander, John B.
Riggs, George A.
Nghiem, Son V.
Tedesco, Marco
Kim, Edward
Montesano, Paul M.
Kelly, Richard E. J.
Casey, Kimberly A.
Choudhury, Bhaskar
TI A blended global snow product using visible, passive microwave and
scatterometer satellite data
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; WATER EQUIVALENT; COVER PRODUCTS; AMSR-E; MODIS;
ALGORITHM; SENSORS; CANADA; EXTENT; MODEL
AB A joint US Air Force/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) blended global snow product that uses Earth Observation System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT or QSCAT) data has been developed. Existing snow products derived from these sensors have been blended into a single, global, daily, user-friendly product by using a newly developed Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA)/NASA Snow Algorithm (ANSA). This initial blended snow product uses minimal modelling to expeditiously yield improved snow products, which include, or will include, snow-cover extent, fractional snow cover, snow water equivalent (SWE), onset of snowmelt and identification of actively melting snow cover. The blended snow products are currently 25-km resolution. These products are validated with data from the lower Great Lakes region of the USA, from Colorado obtained during the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX), and from Finland. The AMSR-E product is especially useful in detecting snow through clouds; however, passive microwave data miss snow in those regions where the snow cover is thin, along the margins of the continental snowline, and on the lee side of the Rocky Mountains, for instance. In these regions, the MODIS product can map shallow snow cover under cloud-free conditions. The confidence for mapping snow-cover extent is greater with the MODIS product than with the microwave product when cloud-free MODIS observations are available. Therefore, the MODIS product is used as the default for detecting snow cover. The passive microwave product is used as the default only in those areas where MODIS data are not applicable due to the presence of clouds and darkness. The AMSR-E snow product is used in association with the difference between ascending and descending satellite passes or diurnal-amplitude variations (DAV) to detect the onset of melt, and a QSCAT product will be used to map areas of snow that are actively melting.
C1 [Foster, James L.; Hall, Dorothy K.; Kim, Edward] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Eylander, John B.] HQ AF Weather Agcy, Offutt AFB, NE USA.
[Riggs, George A.; Montesano, Paul M.] Sci Syst & Applicat, Lanham, MD USA.
[Nghiem, Son V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Tedesco, Marco] CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA.
[Kelly, Richard E. J.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Casey, Kimberly A.; Choudhury, Bhaskar] Wylie Labs Inc, Mclean, VA USA.
RP Foster, JL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
EM James.L.Foster@nasa.gov
RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012; Casey, Kimberly/A-4478-2013; Tedesco,
Marco/F-7986-2015
OI Casey, Kimberly/0000-0002-6115-7525;
FU NASA
FX The research carried out at the Goddard Space Flight Center and the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was performed
under an agreement with the Air Force Weather Agency and was also
supported by NASA's Hydrology Program.
NR 46
TC 40
Z9 43
U1 9
U2 36
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 5
BP 1371
EP 1395
DI 10.1080/01431160903548013
PG 25
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 739DN
UT WOS:000288693800010
ER
PT J
AU Xie, Y
Xiong, XX
Qu, JJ
Che, NZ
Summers, ME
AF Xie, Yong
Xiong, Xiaoxiong
Qu, John J.
Che, Nianzeng
Summers, Michael E.
TI Impact analysis of MODIS band-to-band registration on its measurements
and science data products
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; ORBIT SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION; WATER;
VEGETATION; TERRA; AQUA
AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has 36 spectral bands allocated on four focal plane assemblies (FPAs). Misregistration between bands, namely the band-to-band registration (BBR) shift, has been observed by the on-orbit calibrators. Because of this misregistration, measurements over slightly mismatched areas from different spectral bands can lead to less accurate science data products when they are used together. In this article, the impact caused by the BBR shift on Level 1B (L1B) measurements is assessed. The relative error is fairly large at both ends of a swath in the scan direction because of the bow-tie effect. In the track direction, the impact has a quasi-linear trend. In practice, the impact of misregistration on L1B measurements is less than 0.1%. The estimation of the potential impact on science data products caused by misregistration is performed with a case study. As expected, the impact on science data products is negligible at homogeneous areas but becomes larger at non-homogeneous areas.
C1 [Xie, Yong; Qu, John J.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Che, Nianzeng] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Xie, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM yxie2u@gmail.com
FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)
FX We thank the MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) of the NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) for supporting this study.
NR 23
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 16
BP 4431
EP 4444
DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.486808
PG 14
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 866GE
UT WOS:000298367700001
ER
PT J
AU Huang, XD
Xie, HJ
Liang, TG
Yi, DH
AF Huang, Xiaodong
Xie, Hongjie
Liang, Tiangang
Yi, Donghui
TI Estimating vertical error of SRTM and map-based DEMs using ICESat
altimetry data in the eastern Tibetan Plateau
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID SHUTTLE RADAR TOPOGRAPHY; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT;
LASER ALTIMETER; FIELD DATA; C-BAND; MISSION; HEIGHT; TERRAIN; RANGE
AB The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument onboard the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) provides elevation data with very high accuracy which can be used as ground data to evaluate the vertical accuracy of an existing Digital Elevation Model (DEM). In this article, we examine the differences between ICESat elevation data (from the 1064 nm channel) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM of 3 arcsec resolution (90 m) and map-based DEMs in the Qinghai-Tibet (or Tibetan) Plateau, China. Both DEMs are linearly correlated with ICESat elevation for different land covers and the SRTM DEM shows a stronger correlation with ICESat elevations than the map-based DEM on all land-cover types. The statistics indicate that land cover, surface slope and roughness influence the vertical accuracy of the two DEMs. The standard deviation of the elevation differences between the two DEMs and the ICESat elevation gradually increases as the vegetation stands, terrain slope or surface roughness increase. The SRTM DEM consistently shows a smaller vertical error than the map-based DEM. The overall means and standard deviations of the elevation differences between ICESat and SRTM DEM and between ICESat and the map-based DEM over the study area are 1.03 +/- 15.20 and 4.58 +/- 26.01 m, respectively. Our results suggest that the SRTM DEM has a higher accuracy than the map-based DEM of the region. It is found that ICESat elevation increases when snow is falling and decreases during snow or glacier melting, while the SRTM DEM gives a relative stable elevation of the snow/land interface or a glacier elevation where the C-band can penetrate through or reach it. Therefore, this makes the SRTM DEM a promising dataset (baseline) for monitoring glacier volume change since 2000.
C1 [Huang, Xiaodong; Xie, Hongjie] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Geol Sci, Lab Remote Sensing & Geoinformat, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
[Huang, Xiaodong; Liang, Tiangang] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Pastoral Agr Sci & Technol, Minist Agr, Key Lab Grassland Agroecol Syst, Lanzhou 730020, Peoples R China.
[Yi, Donghui] SGT Inc, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Xie, HJ (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Geol Sci, Lab Remote Sensing & Geoinformat, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
EM Hongjie.Xie@utsa.edu
RI Xie, Hongjie/B-5845-2009
OI Xie, Hongjie/0000-0003-3516-1210
FU US NASA [NNX08AQ87G]; Chinese Ministry of Education [708089]; Chinese
National Natural Science Foundation [30571316]; China Scholar Council at
the University of Texas at San Antonio
FX This work was supported in part by US NASA grant (#NNX08AQ87G) and also
in part by the Chinese Ministry of Education Project (#708089) and the
Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (#30571316). The first
author would like to thank the China Scholar Council for funding to
study for one year (09/2007-08/2008) at the University of Texas at San
Antonio. The authors would like to thank Burcu Ozsoy-Cicek for help with
ICESat data processing and Keying Ye for help with the statistical
analysis of the data. Critical review and constructional comments from
two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript and are greatly
appreciated.
NR 43
TC 14
Z9 19
U1 5
U2 13
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 18
BP 5177
EP 5196
DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.495092
PG 20
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 866GP
UT WOS:000298368800009
ER
PT J
AU Kishcha, P
Starobinets, B
Kalashnikova, O
Alpert, P
AF Kishcha, Pavel
Starobinets, Boris
Kalashnikova, Olga
Alpert, Pinhas
TI Aerosol optical thickness trends and population growth in the Indian
subcontinent
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; DEPTH; MODIS; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS;
BASIN
AB The Indian subcontinent occupies 2.4% of the world land mass and is home to similar to 17% of the world population. It is characterized by a wide range of population density (P), significant population growth and high levels of air pollution. The quantification of the effect of urbanization on aerosol optical thickness (AOT) trends was carried out by analysing 8-year (March 2000 to February 2008) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) satellite data. Here we show that over extensive areas with differing population densities, which are significant parts of the Indian subcontinent, (1) the higher the averaged population density the bigger the averaged AOT and (2) the larger the population growth the stronger the increasing trends in AOT. Over the regions with P > 100 persons km (2) (more than 70% of the territory), a population growth of similar to 1.5% year(-1) was accompanied by increasing AOT trends of over 2% year(-1). The presence of the aforementioned AOT trends is evidence of air quality deterioration, in particular in highly populated areas with P > 500 persons km(-2). This situation could worsen with the continued growth of the Indian population.
C1 [Kishcha, Pavel; Starobinets, Boris; Alpert, Pinhas] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
[Kalashnikova, Olga] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Kishcha, P (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
EM pavel@cyclone.tau.ac.il
FU GLOWA (Global Change and the Hydrological Cycle) Jordan River BMBF-MOST
(German Ministry of Science and Technology - Israeli Ministry of Science
and Technology) [1946]; NASA Earth Sciences Division; BMBF-MOST [1946];
NASA
FX We gratefully acknowledge the GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization
and Analysis Infrastructure (Giovanni) for providing MODIS and GPCP data
and the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center
for providing MISR data. This study was supported by the GLOWA (Global
Change and the Hydrological Cycle) Jordan River BMBF-MOST (German
Ministry of Science and Technology - Israeli Ministry of Science and
Technology) project, the BMBF-MOST grant number 1946 on global change.
O. Kalashnikova's contribution to this study was performed at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under
contract with NASA, and is supported by a grant from the NASA Earth
Sciences Division, Climate and Radiation Program, under H. Maring.
NR 21
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 24
BP 9137
EP 9149
DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.550333
PG 13
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA 866JF
UT WOS:000298376000013
ER
PT S
AU Carabajal, CC
Harding, DJ
Boy, JP
Danielson, JJ
Gesch, DB
Suchdeo, VP
AF Carabajal, Claudia C.
Harding, David J.
Boy, Jean-Paul
Danielson, Jeffrey J.
Gesch, Dean B.
Suchdeo, Vijay P.
BE He, X
Xu, J
Ferreira, VG
TI Evaluation of the Global Multi-Resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010
(GMTED2010) Using ICESat Geodetic Control
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIDAR AND RADAR MAPPING 2011: TECHNOLOGIES
AND APPLICATIONS
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Lidar and Radar Mapping - Technologies and
Applications
CY MAY 26-29, 2011
CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Hohai Univ, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, Int Cartograph Assoc (ICA), Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing (ISPRS), Int Federat Surveyors (FIG), Int Assoc Geodesy (IAG)
DE ICESat; Laser Altimetry; Lidar; SRTM; GMTED2010; Digital Elevation
Models; DEM; Geodetic Ground Control Points; GCP; Topography
ID SRTM C-BAND; RELIEF
AB Supported by NASA's Earth Surface and Interior (ESI) Program, we are producing a global set of Ground Control Points (GCPs) derived from the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) altimetry data. From February of 2003, to October of 2009, ICESat obtained nearly global measurements of land topography (+/-86 degrees latitudes) with unprecedented accuracy, sampling the Earth's surface at discrete similar to 50 m diameter laser footprints spaced 170 m along the altimetry profiles. We apply stringent editing to select the highest quality elevations, and use these GCPs to characterize and quantify spatially varying elevation biases in Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). In this paper, we present an evaluation of the soon to be released Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010). Elevation biases and error statistics have been analyzed as a function of land cover and relief. The GMTED2010 products are a large improvement over previous sources of elevation data at comparable resolutions. RMSEs for all products and terrain conditions are below 7 m and typically are about 4 m. The GMTED2010 products are biased upward with respect to the ICESat GCPs on average by approximately 3 m.
C1 [Carabajal, Claudia C.; Suchdeo, Vijay P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Carabajal, CC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Harding, David/F-5913-2012; Boy, Jean-Paul/E-6677-2017;
OI Boy, Jean-Paul/0000-0003-0259-209X; Gesch, Dean/0000-0002-8992-4933
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 9
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-933-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8286
AR 82861Y
DI 10.1117/12.912776
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications
GA BXX69
UT WOS:000297476600070
ER
PT S
AU Harding, DJ
Dabney, PW
Valett, S
AF Harding, David J.
Dabney, Philip W.
Valett, Susan
BE He, X
Xu, J
Ferreira, VG
TI Polarimetric, two-color, photon-counting laser altimeter measurements of
forest canopy structure
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIDAR AND RADAR MAPPING 2011: TECHNOLOGIES
AND APPLICATIONS
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Lidar and Radar Mapping - Technologies and
Applications
CY MAY 26-29, 2011
CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Hohai Univ, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, Int Cartograph Assoc (ICA), Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing (ISPRS), Int Federat Surveyors (FIG), Int Assoc Geodesy (IAG)
DE Canopy structure; lidar; polarimetry; micropulse; photon counting;
waveform; SIMPL; ICESat
ID LARGE-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; AIRBORNE; VEGETATION
AB Laser altimeter measurements of forest stands with distinct structures and compositions have been acquired at 532 nm (green) and 1064 nm (near-infrared) wavelengths and parallel and perpendicular polarization states using the Slope Imaging Multi-polarization Photon Counting Lidar (SIMPL). The micropulse, single photon ranging measurement approach employed by SIMPL provides canopy structure measurements with high vertical and spatial resolution. Using a height distribution analysis method adapted from conventional, 1064 nm, full-waveform lidar remote sensing, the sensitivity of two parameters commonly used for above-ground biomass estimation are compared as a function of wavelength. The results for the height of median energy (HOME) and canopy cover are for the most part very similar, indicating biomass estimations using lidars operating at green and near-infrared wavelengths will yield comparable estimates. The expected detection of increasing depolarization with depth into the canopies due to volume multiple-scattering was not observed, possibly due to the small laser footprint and the small detector field of view used in the SIMPL instrument. The results of this work provide pathfinder information for NASA's ICESat-2 mission that will employ a 532 nm, micropulse, photon counting laser altimeter.
C1 [Harding, David J.; Dabney, Philip W.; Valett, Susan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Harding, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM david.j.harding@nasa.gov
RI Dabney, Philip/C-9976-2013; Harding, David/F-5913-2012
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 6
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-933-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8286
AR 828629
DI 10.1117/12.913960
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications
GA BXX69
UT WOS:000297476600081
ER
PT S
AU Yu, AW
Harding, DJ
Krainak, MA
Abshire, JB
Sun, XL
Cavanaugh, J
Valett, S
Ramos-Izquierdo, L
Winkert, T
Plants, M
Kirchner, C
Kamamia, B
Hasselbrack, W
Filemyr, T
AF Yu, Anthony W.
Harding, David J.
Krainak, Michael A.
Abshire, James B.
Sun, Xiaoli
Cavanaugh, John
Valett, Susan
Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis
Winkert, Tom
Plants, Michael
Kirchner, Cynthia
Kamamia, Brian
Hasselbrack, William
Filemyr, Timothy
BE He, X
Xu, J
Ferreira, VG
TI Development of the Airborne Lidar Surface Topography Simulator
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIDAR AND RADAR MAPPING 2011: TECHNOLOGIES
AND APPLICATIONS
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Lidar and Radar Mapping - Technologies and
Applications
CY MAY 26-29, 2011
CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Hohai Univ, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, Int Cartograph Assoc (ICA), Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing (ISPRS), Int Federat Surveyors (FIG), Int Assoc Geodesy (IAG)
DE Topography; LIDAR; Remote Sensing; Laser Altimeter; Photon Counting;
Micropulse Lidar; LIST; A-LISTS
ID MESSENGER MISSION; LASER; MERCURY
AB In 2008 we began a three-year NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) funded Instrument Incubator Program (IIP) focused on technology development for the Lidar Surface Topography (LIST) mission. The LIST mission is one of the Earth Science Decadal Survey missions recommended to NASA by the National Research Council (NRC). Our IIP objective is to demonstrate the measurement approach and key technologies needed for a highly efficient swath mapping lidar to meet the goals of the LIST mission. To demonstrate the concept we are developing the Airborne LIST Simulator (A-LISTS) instrument. In this paper we summarize the A-LISTS instrument characteristics and the approaches we are using to advance lidar capabilities and reduce risks for LIST.
C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Harding, David J.; Krainak, Michael A.; Abshire, James B.; Sun, Xiaoli; Cavanaugh, John; Valett, Susan; Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis; Winkert, Tom; Plants, Michael; Kirchner, Cynthia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov
RI Harding, David/F-5913-2012; Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Abshire,
James/I-2800-2013
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-933-3
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8286
AR 828603
DI 10.1117/12.912564
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications
GA BXX69
UT WOS:000297476600003
ER
PT S
AU Liu, D
Miller, I
Hostetler, C
Cook, A
Hair, J
AF Liu, Dong
Miller, Ian
Hostetler, Chris
Cook, Anthony
Hair, Johnathan
BE Amzajerdian, F
Chen, W
Gao, C
Xie, T
TI System optimization of a field-widened Michelson interferometric
spectral filter for high spectral resolution lidar
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOELECTRONIC DETECTION AND IMAGING 2011:
LASER SENSING AND IMAGING AND BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF
PHOTONICS SENSING AND IMAGING
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2011 -
Laser Sensing and Imaging and Biological and Medical Applications of
Photonics Sensing and Imaging
CY MAY 24-26, 2011
CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP SPIE, Photoelect Technol Profess Comm, CSA, Tianjin Jinhang Inst Tech Phys, CASIC, Sci & Technol Low Light Level Night Vision Lab, Chinese Soc Astronaut
DE Field-widened; Michelson interferometer; spectral filter; high spectral
resolution lidar; system optimization
ID EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS; AEROSOL; INVERSION; PROFILES
AB High spectral resolution lidars (HSRLs) have recently shown great value in aerosol measurements form aircraft and are being called for in future space-based aerosol remote sensing applications. A quasi-monolithic field-widened, off-axis Michelson interferometer had been developed as the spectral discrimination filter for an HSRL currently under development at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). The Michelson filter consists of a cubic beam splitter, a solid arm and an air arm. The input light is injected at 1.5 degrees off-axis to provide two output channels: standard Michelson output and the reflected complementary signal. Piezo packs connect the air arm mirror to the main part of the filter that allows it to be tuned within a small range. In this paper, analyses of the throughput wavephase, locking error, AR coating, and tilt angle of the interferometer are described. The transmission ratio for monochromatic light at the transmitted wavelength is used as a figure of merit for assessing each of these parameters.
C1 [Liu, Dong; Hostetler, Chris; Cook, Anthony; Hair, Johnathan] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Liu, D (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM dong.liu@nasa.gov
NR 19
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-833-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8192
AR 81924N
DI 10.1117/12.904037
PN 1
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Optics; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA BWV43
UT WOS:000295055800166
ER
PT S
AU Calle, CI
Thompson, SM
Cox, ND
Johansen, MR
Williams, BS
Hogue, MD
Clements, JS
AF Calle, C. I.
Thompson, S. M.
Cox, N. D.
Johansen, M. R.
Williams, B. S.
Hogue, M. D.
Clements, J. S.
BE Meyer, A
Egry, I
TI Electrostatic precipitation of dust in the Martian atmosphere:
Implications for the utilization of resources during future manned
exploration missions
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES IN SPACE
SE Journal of Physics Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Physical Sciences in Space (ISPS-4)
CY JUL 11-15, 2011
CL Bonn, GERMANY
SP ESA, DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, European Space Agcy, German Fed Minist Econ & Technol, ZARM Ctr Appl Space Technol & Micrograv, EADS-Astrium, Kayser-Threde
ID DISCHARGE; AEROSOL
AB Future human missions to Mars will require the utilization of local resources for oxygen, fuel, and water. The In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) project is an active research endeavor at NASA to develop technologies that can enable cost effective ways to live off the land. The extraction of oxygen from the Martian atmosphere, composed primarily of carbon dioxide, is one of the most important goals of the Mars ISRU project. The main obstacle is the relatively large amount of dust present in the Martian atmosphere. This dust must be efficiently removed from atmospheric gas intakes for ISRU processing chambers. A common technique to achieve this removal on earth is by electrostatic precipitation, where large electrostatic fields are established in a localized region to charge, precipitate and collect dust particles. This technique is difficult to adapt to the Martian environment, with an atmospheric pressure of about one-hundredth of the terrestrial atmosphere. At these low pressures, the corona discharges required to implant an electrostatic charge to the particles to be collected is extremely difficult to sustain and the corona easily transitions to a glow/streamer discharge, which is unsuitable for particle charging. In this paper, we report on our successful efforts to establish a stable corona under Martian simulated conditions. We also present results on dust collecting efficiencies with an electrostatic precipitator prototype that could be effectively used on a future mission to the red planet.
C1 [Calle, C. I.; Johansen, M. R.; Hogue, M. D.] NASA, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Calle, CI (reprint author), NASA, Electrostat & Surface Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
EM carlos.i.calle@nasa.gov
RI Cox, Nathanael/A-2564-2017
OI Cox, Nathanael/0000-0003-0843-9141
NR 23
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 11
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1742-6588
J9 J PHYS CONF SER
PY 2011
VL 327
AR 012048
DI 10.1088/1742-6596/327/1/012048
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BYH49
UT WOS:000298805300048
ER
PT J
AU Amaral-Zettler, LA
Zettler, ER
Theroux, SM
Palacios, C
Aguilera, A
Amils, R
AF Amaral-Zettler, Linda A.
Zettler, Erik R.
Theroux, Susanna M.
Palacios, Carmen
Aguilera, Angeles
Amils, Ricardo
TI Microbial community structure across the tree of life in the extreme Rio
Tinto
SO ISME JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE community phylogenetics; astrobiology; CCA
ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE; TRAIT
EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE DATA; ENVIRONMENT; SPAIN; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY;
BACTERIAL
AB Understanding biotic versus abiotic forces that shape community structure is a fundamental aim of microbial ecology. The acidic and heavy metal extreme Rio Tinto (RT) in southwestern Spain provides a rare opportunity to conduct an ecosystem-wide biodiversity inventory at the level of all three domains of life, because diversity there is low and almost exclusively microbial. Despite improvements in high-throughput DNA sequencing, environmental biodiversity studies that use molecular metrics and consider entire ecosystems are rare. These studies can be prohibitively expensive if domains are considered separately, and differences in copy number of eukaryotic ribosomal RNA genes can bias estimates of relative abundances of phylotypes recovered. In this study we have overcome these barriers (1) by targeting all three domains in a single polymerase chain reaction amplification and (2) by using a replicated sampling design that allows for incidence-based methods to extract measures of richness and carry out downstream analyses that address community structuring effects. Our work showed that combined bacterial and archaeal richness is an order of magnitude higher than eukaryotic richness. We also found that eukaryotic richness was highest at the most extreme sites, whereas combined bacterial and archaeal richness was highest at less extreme sites. Quantitative community phylogenetics showed abiotic forces to be primarily responsible for shaping the RT community structure. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed co-occurrence of obligate symbionts and their putative hosts that may contribute to biotic forces shaping community structure and may further provide a possible mechanism for persistence of certain low-abundance bacteria encountered in the RT. The ISME Journal (2011) 5, 42-50; doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.101; published online 15 July 2010
C1 [Amaral-Zettler, Linda A.; Theroux, Susanna M.; Palacios, Carmen] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Amaral-Zettler, Linda A.] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, NASA Astrobiol Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Amaral-Zettler, Linda A.; Theroux, Susanna M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Zettler, Erik R.] Sea Educ Assoc, Woods Hole, MA USA.
[Zettler, Erik R.; Amils, Ricardo] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa, Canto Blanco, Spain.
[Aguilera, Angeles; Amils, Ricardo] INTA CSIC, Ctr Astrobiol, Torrejon De Ardoz, Spain.
RP Amaral-Zettler, LA (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, NASA Astrobiol Inst, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM amaral@mbl.edu
FU NASA Astrobiology Institute [NC-1054 LAZ]; Ministry of Science and
Education [CGL2006/02534/BOS RA]; Ministry of Science and Innovation
[CGL2008-02298/BOS AG]; Spanish Centro de Astrobiologia
FX This work was supported by grants from the NASA Astrobiology Institute
(NC-1054 LAZ), the Ministry of Science and Education (CGL2006/02534/BOS
RA), the Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2008-02298/BOS AG), and
by support to CP from the Spanish Centro de Astrobiologia. We thank John
Bunge for helpful discussions regarding statistical analyses.
NR 42
TC 53
Z9 54
U1 3
U2 24
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1751-7362
J9 ISME J
JI ISME J.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 1
BP 42
EP 50
DI 10.1038/ismej.2010.101
PG 9
WC Ecology; Microbiology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology
GA 701TB
UT WOS:000285845200005
PM 20631808
ER
PT S
AU Nemani, R
AF Nemani, Ramakrishna
BE Panigrahy, S
Ray, SS
Huete, AR
TI NASA EARTH EXCHANGE: NEXT GENERATION EARTH SCIENCE COLLABORATIVE
SO ISPRS BHOPAL 2011 WORKSHOP EARTH OBSERVATION FOR TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM
SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial
Information Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT ISPRS Bhopal Workshop on Earth Observation for Terrestrial Ecosystem
CY NOV 08, 2011
CL Bhopal, INDIA
SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Nemani, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 2194-9034
J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM
PY 2011
VL 38-8
IS W20
BP 17
EP 17
PG 1
WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
GA BD1WG
UT WOS:000358386000003
ER
PT J
AU Oster, CV
Berman, BA
Caldwell, JL
Dinges, DF
Graeber, RC
Lauber, JK
Meyer, DE
Rizzo, M
Schroeder, DJ
Yates, JF
Marras, WS
Carayon, P
Chaffin, D
Cooke, NJ
Cummings, M
Czaja, SJ
Imada, AS
Karwowski, W
Rempel, D
Sheridan, TB
Wegman, DH
Weiss, HM
AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr.
Berman, Benjamin A.
Caldwell, J. Lynn
Dinges, David F.
Graeber, R. Curtis
Lauber, John K.
Meyer, David E.
Rizzo, Matthew
Schroeder, David J.
Yates, J. Frank
Marras, William S.
Carayon, Pascale
Chaffin, Don
Cooke, Nancy J.
Cummings, Mary (Missy)
Czaja, Sara J.
Imada, Andrew S.
Karwowski, Waldemar
Rempel, David
Sheridan, Thomas B.
Wegman, David H.
Weiss, Howard M.
CA Committee Effects Commuting
Board Human-Syst Integration
Div Behav Social Sci Educ
Transportation Res Board
GP Natl Res Council
TI Issues in Commuting and Pilot Fatigue: Interim Report Committee on the
Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
ID CHRONIC SLEEP RESTRICTION; INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES; WORKING-MEMORY;
DOSE-RESPONSE; NEUROCOGNITIVE CONSEQUENCES; DIFFERENTIAL VULNERABILITY;
BIOMATHEMATICAL MODELS; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; NEURAL BASIS; SHIFT WORK
C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA.
[Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA.
[Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA.
[Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA.
[Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA.
[Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
NR 67
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
BN 978-0-309-18712-1
PY 2011
BP 1
EP +
PG 7
WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
GA BC7IW
UT WOS:000354901800001
ER
PT J
AU Oster, CV
Berman, BA
Caldwell, JL
Dinges, DF
Graeber, RC
Lauber, JK
Meyer, DE
Rizzo, M
Schroeder, DJ
Yates, JF
Marras, WS
Carayon, P
Chaffin, D
Cooke, NJ
Cummings, M
Czaja, SJ
Imada, AS
Karwowski, W
Rempel, D
Sheridan, TB
Wegman, DH
Weiss, HM
AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr.
Berman, Benjamin A.
Caldwell, J. Lynn
Dinges, David F.
Graeber, R. Curtis
Lauber, John K.
Meyer, David E.
Rizzo, Matthew
Schroeder, David J.
Yates, J. Frank
Marras, William S.
Carayon, Pascale
Chaffin, Don
Cooke, Nancy J.
Cummings, Mary (Missy)
Czaja, Sara J.
Imada, Andrew S.
Karwowski, Waldemar
Rempel, David
Sheridan, Thomas B.
Wegman, David H.
Weiss, Howard M.
CA Committee Effects Commuting
Board Human-Syst Integration
Div Behav Social Sci Educ
Transportation Res Board
GP Natl Res Council
TI Issues in Commuting and Pilot Fatigue: Interim Report Committee on the
Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue INTRODUCTION
SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA.
[Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA.
[Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA.
[Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA.
[Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA.
[Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
BN 978-0-309-18712-1
PY 2011
BP 3
EP +
PG 5
WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
GA BC7IW
UT WOS:000354901800002
ER
PT J
AU Oster, CV
Berman, BA
Caldwell, JL
Dinges, DF
Graeber, RC
Lauber, JK
Meyer, DE
Rizzo, M
Schroeder, DJ
Yates, JF
Marras, WS
Carayon, P
Chaffin, D
Cooke, NJ
Cummings, M
Czaja, SJ
Imada, AS
Karwowski, W
Rempel, D
Sheridan, TB
Wegman, DH
Weiss, HM
AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr.
Berman, Benjamin A.
Caldwell, J. Lynn
Dinges, David F.
Graeber, R. Curtis
Lauber, John K.
Meyer, David E.
Rizzo, Matthew
Schroeder, David J.
Yates, J. Frank
Marras, William S.
Carayon, Pascale
Chaffin, Don
Cooke, Nancy J.
Cummings, Mary (Missy)
Czaja, Sara J.
Imada, Andrew S.
Karwowski, Waldemar
Rempel, David
Sheridan, Thomas B.
Wegman, David H.
Weiss, Howard M.
CA Committee Effects Commuting
Board Human-Syst Integration
Div Behav Social Sci Educ
Transportation Res Board
GP Natl Res Council
TI COMMUTING IN THE AVIATION CONTEXT
SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA.
[Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA.
[Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA.
[Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA.
[Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA.
[Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
BN 978-0-309-18712-1
PY 2011
BP 7
EP 8
PG 2
WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
GA BC7IW
UT WOS:000354901800003
ER
PT J
AU Oster, CV
Berman, BA
Caldwell, JL
Dinges, DF
Graeber, RC
Lauber, JK
Meyer, DE
Rizzo, M
Schroeder, DJ
Yates, JF
Marras, WS
Carayon, P
Chaffin, D
Cooke, NJ
Cummings, M
Czaja, SJ
Imada, AS
Karwowski, W
Rempel, D
Sheridan, TB
Wegman, DH
Weiss, HM
AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr.
Berman, Benjamin A.
Caldwell, J. Lynn
Dinges, David F.
Graeber, R. Curtis
Lauber, John K.
Meyer, David E.
Rizzo, Matthew
Schroeder, David J.
Yates, J. Frank
Marras, William S.
Carayon, Pascale
Chaffin, Don
Cooke, Nancy J.
Cummings, Mary (Missy)
Czaja, Sara J.
Imada, Andrew S.
Karwowski, Waldemar
Rempel, David
Sheridan, Thomas B.
Wegman, David H.
Weiss, Howard M.
CA Committee Effects Commuting
Board Human-Syst Integration
Div Behav Social Sci Educ
Transportation Res Board
GP Natl Res Council
TI PREVALENCE OF COMMUTING
SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA.
[Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA.
[Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA.
[Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA.
[Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA.
[Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
BN 978-0-309-18712-1
PY 2011
BP 8
EP 9
PG 2
WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
GA BC7IW
UT WOS:000354901800004
ER
PT J
AU Oster, CV
Berman, BA
Caldwell, JL
Dinges, DF
Graeber, RC
Lauber, JK
Meyer, DE
Rizzo, M
Schroeder, DJ
Yates, JF
Marras, WS
Carayon, P
Chaffin, D
Cooke, NJ
Cummings, M
Czaja, SJ
Imada, AS
Karwowski, W
Rempel, D
Sheridan, TB
Wegman, DH
Weiss, HM
AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr.
Berman, Benjamin A.
Caldwell, J. Lynn
Dinges, David F.
Graeber, R. Curtis
Lauber, John K.
Meyer, David E.
Rizzo, Matthew
Schroeder, David J.
Yates, J. Frank
Marras, William S.
Carayon, Pascale
Chaffin, Don
Cooke, Nancy J.
Cummings, Mary (Missy)
Czaja, Sara J.
Imada, Andrew S.
Karwowski, Waldemar
Rempel, David
Sheridan, Thomas B.
Wegman, David H.
Weiss, Howard M.
CA Committee Effects Commuting
Board Human-Syst Integration
Div Behav Social Sci Educ
Transportation Res Board
GP Natl Res Council
TI AVIATION INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS THAT IMPACT COMMUTING
SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA.
[Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA.
[Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA.
[Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA.
[Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA.
[Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
BN 978-0-309-18712-1
PY 2011
BP 9
EP 12
PG 4
WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
GA BC7IW
UT WOS:000354901800005
ER
PT J
AU Oster, CV
Berman, BA
Caldwell, JL
Dinges, DF
Graeber, RC
Lauber, JK
Meyer, DE
Rizzo, M
Schroeder, DJ
Yates, JF
Marras, WS
Carayon, P
Chaffin, D
Cooke, NJ
Cummings, M
Czaja, SJ
Imada, AS
Karwowski, W
Rempel, D
Sheridan, TB
Wegman, DH
Weiss, HM
AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr.
Berman, Benjamin A.
Caldwell, J. Lynn
Dinges, David F.
Graeber, R. Curtis
Lauber, John K.
Meyer, David E.
Rizzo, Matthew
Schroeder, David J.
Yates, J. Frank
Marras, William S.
Carayon, Pascale
Chaffin, Don
Cooke, Nancy J.
Cummings, Mary (Missy)
Czaja, Sara J.
Imada, Andrew S.
Karwowski, Waldemar
Rempel, David
Sheridan, Thomas B.
Wegman, David H.
Weiss, Howard M.
CA Committee Effects Commuting
Board Human-Syst Integration
Div Behav Social Sci Educ
Transportation Res Board
GP Natl Res Council
TI SLEEP, CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, AND FATIGUE
SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA.
[Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA.
[Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA.
[Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA.
[Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA.
[Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
BN 978-0-309-18712-1
PY 2011
BP 12
EP 16
PG 5
WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
GA BC7IW
UT WOS:000354901800006
ER
PT J
AU Oster, CV
Berman, BA
Caldwell, JL
Dinges, DF
Graeber, RC
Lauber, JK
Meyer, DE
Rizzo, M
Schroeder, DJ
Yates, JF
Marras, WS
Carayon, P
Chaffin, D
Cooke, NJ
Cummings, M
Czaja, SJ
Imada, AS
Karwowski, W
Rempel, D
Sheridan, TB
Wegman, DH
Weiss, HM
AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr.
Berman, Benjamin A.
Caldwell, J. Lynn
Dinges, David F.
Graeber, R. Curtis
Lauber, John K.
Meyer, David E.
Rizzo, Matthew
Schroeder, David J.
Yates, J. Frank
Marras, William S.
Carayon, Pascale
Chaffin, Don
Cooke, Nancy J.
Cummings, Mary (Missy)
Czaja, Sara J.
Imada, Andrew S.
Karwowski, Waldemar
Rempel, David
Sheridan, Thomas B.
Wegman, David H.
Weiss, Howard M.
CA Committee Effects Commuting
Board Human-Syst Integration
Div Behav Social Sci Educ
Transportation Res Board
GP Natl Res Council
TI CURRENT REGULATORY PROCESS
SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA.
[Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA.
[Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA.
[Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA.
[Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA.
[Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
BN 978-0-309-18712-1
PY 2011
BP 16
EP 18
PG 3
WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
GA BC7IW
UT WOS:000354901800007
ER
PT J
AU Oster, CV
Berman, BA
Caldwell, JL
Dinges, DF
Graeber, RC
Lauber, JK
Meyer, DE
Rizzo, M
Schroeder, DJ
Yates, JF
Marras, WS
Carayon, P
Chaffin, D
Cooke, NJ
Cummings, M
Czaja, SJ
Imada, AS
Karwowski, W
Rempel, D
Sheridan, TB
Wegman, DH
Weiss, HM
AF Oster, Clinton V., Jr.
Berman, Benjamin A.
Caldwell, J. Lynn
Dinges, David F.
Graeber, R. Curtis
Lauber, John K.
Meyer, David E.
Rizzo, Matthew
Schroeder, David J.
Yates, J. Frank
Marras, William S.
Carayon, Pascale
Chaffin, Don
Cooke, Nancy J.
Cummings, Mary (Missy)
Czaja, Sara J.
Imada, Andrew S.
Karwowski, Waldemar
Rempel, David
Sheridan, Thomas B.
Wegman, David H.
Weiss, Howard M.
CA Committee Effects Commuting
Board Human-Syst Integration
Div Behav Social Sci Educ
Transportation Res Board
GP Natl Res Council
TI NEXT STEPS
SO ISSUES IN COMMUTING AND PILOT FATIGUE: INTERIM REPORT
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Oster, Clinton V., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Berman, Benjamin A.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, New York, NY USA.
[Dinges, David F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Graeber, R. Curtis] Kirkland, Graeber Grp, Washington, DC USA.
[Meyer, David E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Dept Neurol Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Rizzo, Matthew] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Yates, J. Frank] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Marras, William S.] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Carayon, Pascale] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Ctr Qual & Prod Improvement, Madison, WI USA.
[Chaffin, Don] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn & Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Cooke, Nancy J.] Arizona State Univ, Cognit Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Cummings, Mary (Missy)] MIT, Aeronaut & Astronaut & Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Czaja, Sara J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Imada, Andrew S.] AS Imada & Associates, Carmichael, CA USA.
[Karwowski, Waldemar] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Rempel, David] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Sheridan, Thomas B.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Wegman, David H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA.
[Weiss, Howard M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Oster, CV (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
BN 978-0-309-18712-1
PY 2011
BP 18
EP 18
PG 1
WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology
GA BC7IW
UT WOS:000354901800008
ER
PT J
AU Fraccone, GC
Volovoi, V
Colon, AE
Blake, M
AF Fraccone, Giorgio Calanni
Volovoi, Vitali
Colon, Alfredo E.
Blake, Matthew
TI Novel Air Traffic Procedures: Investigation of Off-Nominal Scenarios and
Potential Hazards
SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT
LA English
DT Article
ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; PETRI NETS; RELIABILITY
AB The paper demonstrates the development of simulation-based models through which off-nominal conditions in air traffic can be investigated and the corresponding potential hazards can be assessed quantitatively. Primarily, those hazards are studied as they arise due to the introduction of new types of vehicles and novel operational procedures within the Next Generation Air Transportation System; the focus is on the combined effect of new vehicles and new procedures that specifically accommodate those new vehicles. These models are intended to complement any hazard assessment of air traffic that may be conducted qualitatively or via simplified or reduced-order analysis due to limited knowledge at the early stages of research. Such models can provide inputs into the system-level quantitative safety and risk analyses that facilitate developing recommendations for any appropriate new regulatory guidance and standards for vehicles and procedures to be adopted for future air traffic implementation. Two specific scenarios are explored in detail: a helix descent in the presence of failed autopilot, and a steep-descent approach of a slower vehicle sandwiched between two regular approaches with vertical navigation failing during the descent.
C1 [Fraccone, Giorgio Calanni; Volovoi, Vitali] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Colon, Alfredo E.] NASA Headquarters, Off Safety & Mission Assurance, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
[Blake, Matthew] Sensis Corp, Strateg Initiat & Adv Dev, Campbell, CA 95008 USA.
RP Fraccone, GC (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, 270 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNA08BA64C]
FX This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA Research Announcement [NRA] No. NNA08BA64C). In
particular, thanks go to Frederick Wieland (Intelligent Automation,
Inc.) for his guidance in developing the first scenario, and to Matthew
Hedrick (CSSI, Inc.), Ashley Nunes (CSSI, Inc.), and Rosa Weber
(Honeywell Laboratories) for their valuable assistance.
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA
SN 0021-8669
J9 J AIRCRAFT
JI J. Aircr.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 1
BP 127
EP 140
DI 10.2514/1.C031003
PG 14
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA 719RS
UT WOS:000287227200012
ER
PT J
AU Kenna, TC
Nitsche, FO
Herron, MM
Mailloux, BJ
Peteet, D
Sritrairat, S
Sands, E
Baumgarten, J
AF Kenna, Timothy C.
Nitsche, Frank O.
Herron, Michael M.
Mailloux, Brian J.
Peteet, Dorothy
Sritrairat, Sanpisa
Sands, Elizabeth
Baumgarten, Joni
TI Evaluation and calibration of a Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence
spectrometer for quantitative analysis of siliciclastic soils and
sediments
SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT JAAS Symposium
CY NOV 23, 2010
CL Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA
HO Tsinghua Univ
ID STRAIGHT-LINE; CONTAMINATED SOILS; XRF; QUANTIFICATION; ANALYZER;
ERRORS; SITE; LEAD
AB This paper documents the evaluation of a Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer (FP-XRF) as a bench top laboratory unit with regard to quantitative elemental analysis of siliciclastic soils and sediments. With the end-user in mind, we outline a calibration scheme that offers significant improvement in data quality over the manufacturer's calibration. Our calibration approach is based on Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) as calibration standards, the use of least-squares regression techniques that allow for uncertainty in both x and y data (i.e., type II linear regression), propagation of error with respect to predicted concentrations, and goodness of fit evaluation. Data presented include the repeated analysis of numerous standard reference sediments and soils, which are used to evaluate the instrument response to changes in concentration, signal stability over the course of similar to 1 year, and calibration model suitability. We present Hudson River estuary sediment data along with independent confirmatory analyses as a demonstration. Our results for the estuarine sediments are in very good agreement with independent laboratory analyses, indicating that the FP-XRF is comparable to traditional laboratory instrument/analytical techniques, and capable of providing high quality data for numerous elements.
C1 [Kenna, Timothy C.; Nitsche, Frank O.; Peteet, Dorothy] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Herron, Michael M.] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Mailloux, Brian J.; Sands, Elizabeth; Baumgarten, Joni] Barnard Coll, Dept Environm Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Peteet, Dorothy] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Sritrairat, Sanpisa] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Kenna, TC (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
EM tkenna@ldeo.columbia.edu
RI Nitsche, Frank/A-9343-2009
OI Nitsche, Frank/0000-0002-4137-547X
NR 27
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 30
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0267-9477
J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM
JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom.
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 2
BP 395
EP 405
DI 10.1039/c0ja00133c
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 711TG
UT WOS:000286613700017
ER
PT J
AU Van Gaest, AL
Dietrich, JP
Thompson, DE
Boylen, DA
Strickland, SA
Collier, TK
Loge, FJ
Arkoosh, MR
AF Van Gaest, A. L.
Dietrich, J. P.
Thompson, D. E.
Boylen, D. A.
Strickland, S. A.
Collier, T. K.
Loge, F. J.
Arkoosh, M. R.
TI Survey of Pathogens in Hatchery Chinook Salmon with Different
Out-Migration Histories through the Snake and Columbia Rivers
SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE;
POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY;
RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; DELAYED MORTALITY;
JUVENILE SALMONIDS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; IMMUNE FUNCTION
AB The operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) has negatively affected threatened and endangered salmonid populations in the Pacific Northwest. Barging Snake River spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha through the FCRPS is one effort to mitigate the effect of the hydrosystem on juvenile salmon out-migration. However, little is known about the occurrence and transmission of infectious agents in barged juvenile salmon relative to juvenile salmon that remain in-river to navigate to the ocean. We conducted a survey of hatchery-reared spring Chinook salmon at various points along their out-migration path as they left their natal hatcheries and either migrated in-river or were barged through the FCRPS. Salmon kidneys were screened by polymerase chain reaction for nine pathogens and one family of water molds. Eight pathogens were detected; the most prevalent were Renibacterium salmoninarum and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. Species in the family Saprolegniaceae were also commonly detected. Pathogen prevalence was significantly greater in fish that were barged through the FCRPS than in fish left to out-migrate in-river. These results suggest that the transmission of infectious agents to susceptible juvenile salmon occurs during the barging process. Therefore, management activities that reduce pathogen exposure during barging may increase the survival of juvenile Chinook salmon after they are released.
C1 [Van Gaest, A. L.; Dietrich, J. P.; Boylen, D. A.; Strickland, S. A.; Arkoosh, M. R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Thompson, D. E.; Loge, F. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Collier, T. K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Van Gaest, AL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM ahna.vangaest@noaa.gov
FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service
FX Funding for this study was provided, in part, by the Anadromous Fish
Evaluation Program of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the NOAA
National Marine Fisheries Service. Project oversight and facility
assistance was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Walla Walla
District office. Hatchery juvenile Chinook salmon were provided by Idaho
Department of Fish and Game and the U.S. Department of Fish and
Wildlife. We thank the Fish Passage Center for allowing us access to
34,000 PIT-tagged fish. Programming of the PIT tag sort-by-code
functions was provided by Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. We
thank Dina Spangenberg at NOAA Fisheries Service and Mary Bhuthimethee,
Jerry Pruiett, Collin Christianson, Ben Campbell, and Bill Fleenor at
University of California Davis for their assistance in fish collection,
transport, and care. We thankfully acknowledge Lyndal Johnson and Mark
Meyers for their critical review of this manuscript.
NR 75
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 11
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0899-7659
EI 1548-8667
J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH
JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health
PY 2011
VL 23
IS 2
BP 62
EP 77
AR PII 937264785
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.572023
PG 16
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 776PU
UT WOS:000291550100002
PM 21834329
ER
PT J
AU Priestley, KJ
Smith, GL
Thomas, S
Cooper, D
Lee, RB
Walikainen, D
Hess, P
Szewczyk, ZP
Wilson, R
AF Priestley, Kory J.
Smith, G. Louis
Thomas, Susan
Cooper, Denise
Lee, Robert B., III
Walikainen, Dale
Hess, Phillip
Szewczyk, Z. Peter
Wilson, Robert
TI Radiometric Performance of the CERES Earth Radiation Budget Climate
Record Sensors on the EOS Aqua and Terra Spacecraft through April 2007
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIANT ENERGY SYSTEM; RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION; THERMISTOR
BOLOMETERS; FLIGHT MODEL; CLOUDS; VALIDATION
AB The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) flight models 1 through 4 instruments were launched aboard NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua spacecraft into 705-km sun-synchronous orbits with 10:30 p.m. and 1:30 a.m, local time equatorial crossing times. With these instruments CERES provides state-of-the-art observations and products related to the earth's radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The archived CERES science data products consist of geolocated and calibrated instantaneous filtered and unfiltered radiances through temporally and spatially averaged TOA, surface, and atmospheric fluxes. CERES-filtered radiance measurements cover three spectral bands: shortwave (0.3-5 mu m), total (0.3 > 100 mu m), and an atmospheric window channel (8-12 mu m).
CERES climate data products realize a factor of 2-4 improvement in calibration accuracy and stability over the previotus Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) products. To achieve this improvement there are three editions of data products. Edition 1 generates data products using gain coefficients derived from ground calibrations. After a minimum of four months, the calibration data are examined to remove drifts in the calibration. The data are then reprocessed to produce the edition 2 data products. These products are available for science investigations for which an accuracy of 2% is sufficient. Also, a validation protocol is applied to these products to find problems and develop solutions, after which edition 3 data products will be computed, for which the objectives are calibration stability of better than 0.2% and calibration traceability from ground to flight of 0.25%. This paper reports the status of the radiometric accuracy and stability of the CERES edition 2 instrument data products through April 2007.
C1 [Priestley, Kory J.; Smith, G. Louis] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Smith, G. Louis; Lee, Robert B., III] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA.
[Thomas, Susan; Cooper, Denise; Walikainen, Dale; Hess, Phillip; Szewczyk, Z. Peter; Wilson, Robert] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Smith, GL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM g.l.smith@larc.nasa.gov
FU Earth Science Office of NASA; Sciences Directorate of the Langley
Research Center
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the CERES Program by
the Earth Science Office of NASA and the Sciences Directorate of the
Langley Research Center. Also, the contributions of the many people at
the Space Division of TRW (now Northrop-Grumman) who designed, built,
and tested these instruments must be recognized, in particular Steve
Carmen, Tom Evert, Gary Peterson, Arpad Pallai, Peter Jarecke, Mark
Folkman, Mark Frink, and Herb Bitting. The outstanding performance of
the CERES instruments has been due to the dedication of these people to
excellence.
NR 24
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 1
BP 3
EP 21
DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1521.1
PG 19
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 729ZJ
UT WOS:000287992900001
ER
PT J
AU Tsurutani, BT
Echer, E
Guarnieri, FL
Gonzalez, WD
AF Tsurutani, Bruce T.
Echer, Ezequiel
Guarnieri, Fernando L.
Gonzalez, Walter D.
TI The properties of two solar wind high speed streams and related
geomagnetic activity during the declining phase of solar cycle 23
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE High speed solar wind streams; Interplanetary Alfvenicity; Geomagnetic
activity; HILDCAAs
ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACTIVITY HILDCAA EVENTS; ALFVEN WAVES;
SEMIANNUAL VARIATION; SECTOR STRUCTURE; CORONAL HOLES; STORMS;
DISTURBANCE; ENERGETICS; POLARITY
AB Two high speed stream (HSS) solar wind intervals (days 283-294 and 314-318, 2003, hereafter called Events 1 and 2) during the declining phase of solar cycle 23 have been examined in detail for their interplanetary characteristics and their resultant geomagnetic activity. Event 1 had an associated storm initial phase with peak Dst = +9 nT. This was caused by a high plasma density heliospheric plasma sheet (HPS) which impacted the magnetosphere. The southward component of IMF Bz fluctuations in the corotating interaction regions (CIRs) of both Events 1 and 2 led to peak storm main phases of Dst = -85 and -62 nT, respectively. The extended storm "recovery" phases were associated with Delta B/B-o similar to 1-2 Alfvenic fluctuations in the HSS proper. High-intensity, long-duration, continuous AE (HILDCAA) intervals were present, presumably due to the southward component of the Alfven waves. The IMF Bx-Vx 4-h cross-correlation values were >0.8 in Event 2, and lower, >0.6. in Event 1. The difference in Alfvenicity between the two HSS events is not understood at present. The IMF Bz 10-min to 3-h variances (sigma(2)(z)) and are highest during the CIRs. The normalized variances (sigma(2)(z)/B-o(2)) during the HSS proper are approximately the same as those for the CIRs. For Event 1, the 1-h IMF sigma(2)(z) and sigma(2)(z)/B-o(2) are 5.0 nT(2) and 1.1 x 10(-1), respectively. The IMF Bz-AE cross-correlation (c.c.) coefficients during the storm main phase of Event 1 and for 24-h of the HSS of Event 2 give similar results. For the Event 1, a peak c.c. of -0.4 occurred with a lag of 103 min, and for Event 2 a peak c.c of -0.38 with a lag of 67 min was obtained. Both cc. results were sharply peaked. The decay-portion of a HSS prior to Event 1 was characterized by low Np, low B-o and low Alfven wave amplitudes. The 1-h IMF sigma(2)(z) and sigma(2)(z)/B-o(2) were 0.84 nT(2) and 2.9 x 10(-2), respectively. This quiet interplanetary interval led to a quiet geomagnetic activity period (AE < 100 nT, Dst similar to +5 nT). On the other hand, what is quite surprising is that this region was the most purely "Alfvenic" interval studied (c.c. of Bx-Vx=0.95).
The epsilon parameter was calculated using both GSE and GSM coordinates. It was found that epsilon is similar to 30% larger for GSM coordinates. Thus, the major cause of geomagnetic activity during HSSs is the large amplitude Alfven waves but not coordinate transformations. Sector polarities (IMF By values) may be a secondary factor. However, other models, like the tilted solar dipole, should be considered as well. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Tsurutani, Bruce T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Echer, Ezequiel; Gonzalez, Walter D.] Brazilian Natl Space Res Inst INPE, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
[Guarnieri, Fernando L.] UNIVAP, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Tecnologias espaciai, Inct/I-2415-2013
NR 43
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1364-6826
J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY
JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 1
BP 164
EP 177
DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.04.003
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 717UO
UT WOS:000287073100019
ER
PT J
AU Weber, JR
Cuccia, DJ
Johnson, WR
Bearman, GH
Durkin, AJ
Hsu, MK
Lin, A
Binder, DK
Wilson, D
Tromberg, BJ
AF Weber, Jessie R.
Cuccia, David J.
Johnson, William R.
Bearman, Gregory H.
Durkin, Anthony J.
Hsu, Mike
Lin, Alexander
Binder, Devin K.
Wilson, Dan
Tromberg, Bruce J.
TI Multispectral imaging of tissue absorption and scattering using spatial
frequency domain imaging and a computed-tomography imaging spectrometer
SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE spectrometry; brain imaging; absorption; scattering; optical properties;
intrinsic signal
AB We present an approach for rapidly and quantitatively mapping tissue absorption and scattering spectra in a wide-field, noncontact imaging geometry by combining multifrequency spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) with a computed-tomography imaging spectrometer (CTIS). SFDI overcomes the need to spatially scan a source, and is based on the projection and analysis of periodic structured illumination patterns. CTIS provides a throughput advantage by simultaneously diffracting multiple spectral images onto a single CCD chip to gather spectra at every pixel of the image, thus providing spatial and spectral information in a single snapshot. The spatial-spectral data set was acquired 30 times faster than with our wavelength-scanning liquid crystal tunable filter camera, even though it is not yet optimized for speed. Here we demonstrate that the combined SFDI-CTIS is capable of rapid, multispectral imaging of tissue absorption and scattering in a noncontact, nonscanning platform. The combined system was validated for 36 wavelengths between 650-1000 nm in tissue simulating phantoms over a range of tissue-like absorption and scattering properties. The average percent error for the range of absorption coefficients (mu(a)) was less than 10% from 650-800 nm, and less than 20% from 800-1000 nm. The average percent error in reduced scattering coefficients (mu'(s)) was less than 5% from 650-700 nm and less than 3% from 700-1000 nm. The SFDI-CTIS platform was applied to a mouse model of brain injury in order to demonstrate the utility of this approach in characterizing spatially and spectrally varying tissue optical properties. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3528628]
C1 [Weber, Jessie R.; Durkin, Anthony J.; Tromberg, Bruce J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Beckman Laser Inst & Med Clin, Irvine, CA 92612 USA.
[Cuccia, David J.] Modulated Imaging Inc, Irvine, CA 92612 USA.
[Johnson, William R.; Wilson, Dan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Bearman, Gregory H.] Snapshot Spectra Inc, Pasadena, CA 91104 USA.
[Hsu, Mike; Lin, Alexander; Binder, Devin K.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Glial Neuronal Interact, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
RP Tromberg, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Beckman Laser Inst, 1002 Hlth Sci Rd E, Irvine, CA 92612 USA.
EM bitrombe@uci.edu
OI Durkin, Anthony/0000-0001-9124-6388
FU Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP) [P41RR01192]; U.S. Air Force
Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Medical Free-Electron Laser
(MFEL) Program [F49620-00-2-0371, FA9550-04-1-0101]; Beckman Foundation;
National Institutes of Health Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
[NS-43165, NS-48350]
FX Support for this work was provided by the Laser Microbeam and Medical
Program (LAMMP, P41RR01192), the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific
Research (AFOSR), Medical Free-Electron Laser (MFEL) Program
(F49620-00-2-0371 and FA9550-04-1-0101), the Beckman Foundation, and the
National Institutes of Health Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
NS-43165, NS-48350. Jessie R. Weber acknowledges the Achievement Rewards
for College Scientists (ARCS) Foundation for their generous support.
NR 16
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 9
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1083-3668
J9 J BIOMED OPT
JI J. Biomed. Opt.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 16
IS 1
AR 011015
DI 10.1117/1.3528628
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 725HW
UT WOS:000287636800014
PM 21280902
ER
PT J
AU Ramsay, HA
Sobel, AH
AF Ramsay, Hamish A.
Sobel, Adam H.
TI Effects of Relative and Absolute Sea Surface Temperature on Tropical
Cyclone Potential Intensity Using a Single-Column Model
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE MODEL; EXPLICIT HYDROLOGIC-CYCLE; TROPOSPHERIC
TEMPERATURE; HURRICANE INTENSITY; CUMULUS CONVECTION; SENSITIVITY;
TRENDS; PARAMETERS; SCHEME
AB The effects of relative and absolute sea surface temperature (SST) on tropical cyclone potential intensity are investigated using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) single-column model. The model is run in two modes: (i) radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) to represent the convective response to uniform warming of the ocean as in a homogeneous aqua planet, and (ii) weak temperature gradient (WTG) to represent the convective response to warming over a limited area of ocean while the SST outside that area remains unchanged. The WTG calculations are taken to represent the sensitivity of the atmospheric state to relative SST changes, while the RCE calculations are taken to represent the sensitivity to absolute SST changes occurring in the absence of relative SST changes. The potential intensity is computed using temperature and moisture profiles from the two sets of experiments for various values of SST. The computed potential intensity is more sensitive to relative SST than to absolute SST, with slopes of between about 7 and 8 m s(-1) degrees C(-1) (depending on choice of input parameters in the model's convection scheme and other details of the model configuration) in the WTG calculations and about 1 m s(-1) degrees C(-1) in RCE. The sensitivity to relative SST obtained from these calculations is quantitatively similar to that obtained previously by G. Vecchi and B.J. Soden from global climate model output. The greater sensitivity of potential intensity to SST in the WTG simulations (relative to RCE) can be attributed primarily to larger changes in the air-sea thermodynamic disequilibrium in those calculations as SST changes, which results from the inability of the free troposphere to adjust to the SST in WTG as it does in RCE.
C1 [Ramsay, Hamish A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Ramsay, Hamish A.; Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA.
[Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA.
[Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA.
RP Ramsay, HA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM hramsay@giss.nasa.gov
RI Ramsay, Hamish/G-9604-2011; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015
OI Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567
FU NASA at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies; NOAA [NA08OAR4320912];
NASA
FX This work was influenced by stimulating discussions with Suzana Camargo,
Kerry Emanuel, Tom Knutson, and Gabe Vecchi; we thank Kerry Emanuel and
Gabe Vecchi for constructive comments on an earlier draft. HAR
acknowledges support by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program
at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, administered by Oak Ridge
Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. AHS acknowledges
support from NOAA Grant NA08OAR4320912. The statements, findings,
conclusions, and recommendations do not necessarily reflect the views of
NASA, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce.
NR 40
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 1
BP 183
EP 193
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3690.1
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 712II
UT WOS:000286659600011
ER
PT J
AU Kubar, TL
Waliser, DE
Li, JL
AF Kubar, Terence L.
Waliser, Duane E.
Li, J. -L.
TI Boundary Layer and Cloud Structure Controls on Tropical Low Cloud Cover
Using A-Train Satellite Data and ECMWF Analyses
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID LOWER-TROPOSPHERIC STABILITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
PRECIPITATION; FEEDBACK; MISSION; MODELS; ALBEDO; RADAR
AB The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), CloudSat radar, and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud data on the A-Train constellation complemented with the European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses are used to investigate the cloud and boundary layer structure across a 10 degrees wide cross section starting at 5 degrees S near the international date line and extending to 35 degrees N near the California coast from March 2008 to February 2009. The mean large-scale inversion height and low-level cloud tops, which correspond very closely to each other, are very shallow (similar to 500 m) over cold SSTs and high static stability near California and deepen southwestward (to a maximum of similar to 1.5-2.0 km) along the cross section as SSTs rise. Deep convection near the ITCZ occurs at a surface temperature close to 298 K. While the boundary layer relative humidity (RH) is nearly constant where a boundary layer is well defined, it drops sharply near cloud top in stratocumulus regions, corresponding with strong thermal inversions and water vapor decrease, such that the maximum(-partial derivative RH/partial derivative z) marks the boundary layer cloud top very well. The magnitude correlates well with low cloud frequency during March-May (MAM), June-August (JJA), and September-November (SON) (r(2) = 0.85, 0.88, and 0.86, respectively). Also, CALIPSO and MODIS isolated low cloud frequency generally agree quite well, but CloudSat senses only slightly more than one-third of the low clouds as observed by the other sensors, as many clouds are shallower than 1 km and thus cannot be discerned with CloudSat due to contamination from the strong signal from surface clutter.
Mean tropospheric omega between 300 and 700 hPa is examined from the ECMWF Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC) analysis dataset, and during JJA and SON, strong rising motion in the middle troposphere is confined to a range of 2-m surface temperatures between 297 and 300 K, consistent with previous studies that show a narrow range of SSTs over which deep ascent occurs. During December-February (DJF), large-scale ascending motion extends to colder SSTs and high boundary layer stability. A slightly different boundary layer stability metric is derived, the difference of moist static energy (MSE) at the middle point of the inversion (or at 700 hPa if no inversion exists) and the surface, referred to as Delta MSE. The utility of Delta MSE is its prediction of isolated uniform low cloud frequency, with very high r(2) values of 0.93 and 0.88, respectively, for the MODIS and joint lidar plus radar product during JJA but significantly lower values during DJF (0.46 and 0.40), with much scatter. To quantify the importance of free tropospheric dynamics in modulating the Delta MSE-low cloud relationships, the frequency as a function of Delta MSE of rising motion profiles (omega < -0.05 Pa s(-1)) is added to the observed low cloud frequency for a maximum hypothetical low cloud frequency. Doing this greatly reduces the interseasonal differences and holds promise for using DMSE for parameterization schemes and examining low cloud feedbacks.
C1 [Kubar, Terence L.; Waliser, Duane E.; Li, J. -L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Kubar, TL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-518,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM terry.kubar@jpl.nasa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Additionally, the authors thank the NASA Postdoctoral Program for its
support of this work. The authors additionally thank Mark Zelinka for
useful feedback, as well as Dr. Xianan Jiang for NCEP output data during
the JJA 2008 season.
NR 32
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 1
BP 194
EP 215
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3702.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 712II
UT WOS:000286659600012
ER
PT J
AU Sleeman, JC
Meekan, MG
Stewart, BS
Wilson, SG
Polovina, JJ
Stevens, JD
Boggs, GS
Bradshaw, CJA
AF Sleeman, Jai C.
Meekan, Mark G.
Stewart, Brent S.
Wilson, Steven G.
Polovina, Jeffrey J.
Stevens, John D.
Boggs, Guy S.
Bradshaw, Corey J. A.
TI To go or not to go with the flow: Environmental influences on whale
shark movement patterns (vol 390, pg 84, 2010)
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Sleeman, Jai C.; Boggs, Guy S.] Charles Darwin Univ, GIS, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.
[Sleeman, Jai C.; Boggs, Guy S.] Charles Darwin Univ, Remote Sensing Grp, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.
[Meekan, Mark G.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Casuarina Mc, NT 0811, Australia.
[Stewart, Brent S.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA.
[Wilson, Steven G.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Polovina, Jeffrey J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Stevens, John D.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Bradshaw, Corey J. A.] Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
[Bradshaw, Corey J. A.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
[Bradshaw, Corey J. A.] S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Henley Beach, SA 5022, Australia.
RP Sleeman, JC (reprint author), Charles Darwin Univ, GIS, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.
EM jai.sleeman@cdu.edu.au
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 396
IS 2
BP 255
EP 255
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.10.009
PG 1
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 710XN
UT WOS:000286550400023
ER
PT J
AU Huntsberger, T
Aghazarian, H
Howard, A
Trotz, DC
AF Huntsberger, Terry
Aghazarian, Hrand
Howard, Andrew
Trotz, David C.
TI Stereo Vision-Based Navigation for Autonomous Surface Vessels
SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRACKING; VEHICLE
AB This paper describes a stereo vision based system for autonomous navigation in maritime environments The system consists of two key components The Hammerhead vision system detects geometric hazards (i e objects above the waterline) and generates both grid-based hazard maps and discrete contact lists (objects with position and velocity) The R4SA (robust, real-time reconfigurable robotic system architecture) control system uses these. inputs to implement sensor-based navigation behaviors, including static obstacle avoidance and dynamic target following As far as the published literature is concerned this stereo vision based system is the first fielded system that is tailored for high speed autonomous maritime operation on smaller boats In this paper, we present a description and experimental analysis of the Hammerhead vision system along with key elements of the R4SA control system We describe the integration of these systems onto a number of high-speed unmanned surface vessels and present experimental results for the combined vision based navigation system (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals Inc
C1 [Huntsberger, Terry; Aghazarian, Hrand] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Howard, Andrew] Space Explorat Technol, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA.
RP Huntsberger, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mobil & Robot Syst Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-IP-2-0008]; Spatial Integrated
Systems, Inc (NASA Space Act Agreement) [NMO716027]
FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Funding
for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research, Code 33
(Contract N00014-09-IP-2-0008) and Spatial Integrated Systems, Inc (NASA
Space Act Agreement, Contract NMO716027) The authors would like to thank
the reviewers for their comments that greatly enhanced the readability
of the manuscript Finally, we wish to thank Curtis Padgett Mike Garrett,
Lee Magnone, Harry Balian, David Zhu and Eric Kulczycki for their
valuable contributions to this project
NR 18
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 2
U2 17
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1556-4959
EI 1556-4967
J9 J FIELD ROBOT
JI J. Field Robot.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 1
SI SI
BP 3
EP 18
DI 10.1002/rob.20380
PG 16
WC Robotics
SC Robotics
GA 703CI
UT WOS:000285951300002
ER
PT J
AU Zwally, HJ
Li, J
Brenner, AC
Beckley, M
Cornejo, HG
Dimarzio, J
Giovinetto, MB
Neumann, TA
Robbins, J
Saba, JL
Yi, DH
Wang, WL
AF Zwally, H. Jay
Li, Jun
Brenner, Anita C.
Beckley, Matthew
Cornejo, Helen G.
Dimarzio, John
Giovinetto, Mario B.
Neumann, Thomas A.
Robbins, John
Saba, Jack L.
Yi, Donghui
Wang, Weili
TI Greenland ice sheet mass balance: distribution of increased mass loss
with climate warming; 2003-07 versus 1992-2002
SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; ELEVATION CHANGES; OUTLET GLACIER; SURFACE;
ACCELERATION; MELT; ANTARCTICA; VELOCITY; DRAINAGE; TEMPERATURE
AB We derive mass changes of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) for 2003-07 from ICESat laser altimetry and compare them with results for 1992-2002 from ERS radar and airborne laser altimetry" The GIS continued to grow inland and thin at the margins during 2003-07, but surface melting and accelerated flow significantly increased the marginal thinning compared with the 1990s. The net balance changed from a small loss of 7 +/- 3 Gt a(-1) in the 1990s to 171 +/- 4 Gt a(-1) for 2003-07, contributing 0.5 mm a(-1) to recent global sea-level rise. We divide the derived mass changes into two components: (1) from changes in melting and ice dynamics and (2) from changes in precipitation and accumulation rate. We use our firn compaction model to calculate the elevation changes driven by changes in both temperature and accumulation rate and to calculate the appropriate density to convert the accumulation-driven changes to mass changes. Increased losses from melting and ice dynamics (17-206 Gt a(-1)) are over seven times larger than increased gains from precipitation (10-35 Gt a(-1)) during a warming period of similar to 2 K (10 a)(-1) over the GIS. Above 2000 m elevation, the rate of gain decreased from 44 to 28 Gt a(-1), while below 2000m the rate of loss increased from 51 to 198 Gt a(-1) Enhanced thinning below the equilibrium line on outlet glaciers indicates that increased melting has a significant impact on outlet glaciers, as well as accelerating ice flow. Increased thinning at higher elevations appears to be induced by dynamic coupling to thinning at the margins on decadal timescales.
C1 [Zwally, H. Jay; Li, Jun; Brenner, Anita C.; Beckley, Matthew; Cornejo, Helen G.; Dimarzio, John; Giovinetto, Mario B.; Neumann, Thomas A.; Robbins, John; Saba, Jack L.; Yi, Donghui; Wang, Weili] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Zwally, HJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM zwally@icesat2.gsfc.nasa.gov
RI Neumann, Thomas/D-5264-2012
FU NASA
FX This research was supported by NASA's ICESat Project Science funding. We
thank two anonymous reviewers and the scientific editor, H.A. Fricker,
for helpful suggestions and comments, and the European Space Agency for
providing radar altimeter data from ERS-1 and -2. We also thank R. Alley
for his suggestion of using a relationship between accumulation rate and
temperature to model the effects of accumulation variations on firn
compaction. We are also grateful to all the engineers, scientists, and
managers who contributed so much to making ICESat a very successful,
pioneering space mission.
NR 45
TC 103
Z9 106
U1 6
U2 37
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1430
J9 J GLACIOL
JI J. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 57
IS 201
BP 88
EP 102
PG 15
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 736WT
UT WOS:000288526400009
ER
PT J
AU Bindschadler, R
Vaughan, DG
Vornberger, P
AF Bindschadler, Robert
Vaughan, David G.
Vornberger, Patricia
TI Variability of basal melt beneath the Pine Island Glacier ice shelf,
West Antarctica
SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SHEET; ACCELERATION; COLLAPSE
AB Observations from satellite and airborne platforms are combined with model calculations to infer the nature and efficiency of basal melting of the Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, West Antarctica, by ocean waters. Satellite imagery shows surface features that suggest ice-shelf-wide changes to the ocean's influence on the ice shelf as the grounding line retreated. Longitudinal profiles of ice surface and bottom elevations are analyzed to reveal a spatially dependent pattern of basal melt with an annual melt flux of 40.5 Gt a(-1). One profile captures a persistent set of surface waves that correlates with quasi-annual variations of atmospheric forcing of Amundsen Sea circulation patterns, establishing a direct connection between atmospheric variability and sub-ice-shelf melting. Ice surface troughs are hydrostatically compensated by ice-bottom voids up to 150 m deep. Voids form dynamically at the grounding line, triggered by enhanced melting when warmer-than-average water arrives. Subsequent enlargement of the voids is thermally inefficient (4% or less) compared with an overall melting efficiency beneath the ice shelf of 22%. Residual warm water is believed to cause three persistent polynyas at the ice-shelf front seen in Landsat imagery. Landsat thermal imagery confirms the occurrence of warm water at the same locations.
C1 [Bindschadler, Robert] NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Bindschadler, Robert] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Vaughan, David G.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
[Vornberger, Patricia] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Bindschadler, R (reprint author), NASA, Code 614-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM robert.a.bindschadler@nasa.gov
RI Vaughan, David/C-8348-2011
FU NASA [509496.02.08.01.68]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office
of Polar Programs (OPP) [0732906]
FX Special thanks to B. Thomas who, to our knowledge, was the first to
identify the quasi-annual character of the interesting waves on the
south profile. A. Jenkins kindly provided the detailed model results
from the ocean-modeling work of Thoma and others (2008). Detailed and
constructive reviews of an early manuscript were provided by I. Joughin,
M. Thoma and A. Jenkins. Funding for the research came from NASA grant
No. 509496.02.08.01.68 and US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office
of Polar Programs (OPP) grant No. 0732906.
NR 22
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 12
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1430
EI 1727-5652
J9 J GLACIOL
JI J. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 57
IS 204
BP 581
EP 595
PG 15
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 822BT
UT WOS:000295019400001
ER
PT J
AU Colgan, W
Rajaram, H
Anderson, R
Steffen, K
Phillips, T
Joughin, I
Zwally, HJ
Abdalati, W
AF Colgan, William
Rajaram, Harihar
Anderson, Robert
Steffen, Konrad
Phillips, Thomas
Joughin, Ian
Zwally, H. Jay
Abdalati, Waleed
TI The annual glaciohydrology cycle in the ablation zone of the Greenland
ice sheet: Part 1. Hydrology model
SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE TIDEWATER GLACIER; SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE; OUTBURST FLOODS; WEST
GREENLAND; WATER STORAGE; RAPID MOTION; FAST-FLOW; SPEED-UP;
ACCELERATION; TEMPERATURE
AB We apply a novel one-dimensional glacier hydrology model that calculates hydraulic head to the tidewater-terminating Sermeq Avannarleq flowline of the Greenland ice sheet. Within a plausible parameter space, the model achieves a quasi-steady-state annual cycle in which hydraulic head oscillates close to flotation throughout the ablation zone. Flotation is briefly achieved during the summer melt season along a similar to 17 km stretch of the similar to 50 km of Bowline within the ablation zone. Beneath the majority of the flowline, subglacial conduit storage 'closes' (i.e. obtains minimum radius) during the winter and 'opens' (i.e. obtains maximum radius) during the summer. Along certain stretches of the flowline, the model predicts that subglacial conduit storage remains open throughout the year. A calculated mean glacier water residence time of similar to 2.2 years implies that significant amounts of water are stored in the glacier throughout the year. We interpret this residence time as being indicative of the timescale over which the glacier hydrologic system is capable of adjusting to external surface meltwater forcings. Based on in situ ice velocity observations, we suggest that the summer speed-up event generally corresponds to conditions of increasing hydraulic head during inefficient subglacial drainage. Conversely, the slowdown during fall generally corresponds to conditions of decreasing hydraulic head during efficient subglacial drainage.
C1 [Colgan, William; Steffen, Konrad; Phillips, Thomas; Abdalati, Waleed] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Colgan, William; Steffen, Konrad; Abdalati, Waleed] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Rajaram, Harihar] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, Robert] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, Robert] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Phillips, Thomas] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Joughin, Ian] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Zwally, H. Jay] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Abdalati, Waleed] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Colgan, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM william.colgan@colorado.edu
RI Joughin, Ian/A-2998-2008; Colgan, William/H-1570-2014; Steffen,
Konrad/C-6027-2013
OI Joughin, Ian/0000-0001-6229-679X; Colgan, William/0000-0001-6334-1660;
Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026
FU NASA [NNX08AT85G, NNX07AF15G]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences
FX This work was supported by NASA Cryospheric Science Program grants
NNX08AT85G and NNX07AF15G to K.S. W.C. thanks the Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada for support through a
Post-Graduate Scholarship, and the Cooperative Institute for Research in
Environmental Sciences for support through a Graduate Research
Fellowship. We thank J. Saba for meticulous processing of the Swiss Camp
GPS data. We greatly appreciate the efforts of G. Flowers and an
anonymous reviewer whose detailed comments tremendously improved the
manuscript. H. Fricker was our dedicated scientific editor.
NR 56
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 15
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1430
EI 1727-5652
J9 J GLACIOL
JI J. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 57
IS 204
BP 697
EP 709
PG 13
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 822BT
UT WOS:000295019400011
ER
PT J
AU Shuman, CA
Berthier, E
Scambos, TA
AF Shuman, Christopher A.
Berthier, Etienne
Scambos, Ted A.
TI 2001-2009 elevation and mass losses in the Larsen A and B embayments,
Antarctic Peninsula
SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ICE-SHELF COLLAPSE; SEA-LEVEL RISE; LASER ALTIMETRY; WEST ANTARCTICA;
GLACIER; DISINTEGRATION; SHEET; RETREAT; GREENLAND; SPACE
AB We investigate the elevation and mass-balance response of tributary glaciers following the loss of the Larsen A and B ice shelves, Antarctic Peninsula (in 1995 and 2002 respectively). Our study uses MODIS imagery to track ice extent, and ASTER and SPOT5 digital elevation models (DEMs) plus ATM and ICESat laser altimetry to track elevation changes, spanning the period 2001-09. The measured Larsen B tributary glaciers (Hektoria, Green, Evans, Punchbowl, Jorum and Crane) lost up to 160 m in elevation during 2001-06, and thinning continued into 2009. Elevation changes were small for the more southerly Flask and Leppard Glaciers, which are still constrained by a Larsen B ice shelf remnant. In the northern embayment, continued thinning of >3 m a(-1) on Drygalski Glacier, 14 years after the Larsen A ice shelf disintegrated, suggests that mass losses for the exposed Larsen B tributaries will continue for years into the future. Grounded ice volume losses exceed 13 km(3) for Crane Glacier and 30 km(3) for the Hektoria-Green-Evans glaciers. The combined mean loss rate for 2001-06 is at least 11.2 Gt a(-1). Our values differ significantly from published mass-budget-based estimates for these embayments, but are a reasonable fraction of GRACE-derived rates for the region (similar to 40 Gt a(-1)).
C1 [Shuman, Christopher A.] NASA, UMBC GEST, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Berthier, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Scambos, Ted A.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Shuman, CA (reprint author), NASA, UMBC GEST, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 698, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM christopher.a.shuman@nasa.gov
RI Berthier, Etienne/B-8900-2009
OI Berthier, Etienne/0000-0001-5978-9155
FU NASA; French Space Agency (CNES) [352]
FX This work was supported by grants from NASA's Cryospheric Sciences
Program. Data were provided by the ICESat Project and the ATM team. We
also specifically thank the Chilean Centro de Estudios Cientificos along
with R. Thomas and W. Krabill and their team, for enabling the ATM data
acquisitions prior to Operation IceBridge. E. Berthier acknowledges
support from the French Space Agency (CNES) through the TOSCA and ISIS
proposal No. 352. SPOT5 HRS data were provided at no cost by CNES
through the SPIRIT International Polar Year project (Korona and others,
2009). ASTER data were provided at no cost by NASA/US Geological Survey
through the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project
(Raup and others, 2007). We thank P. Durand, M. Bernard (SPOT Image) and
A. Orsoni (IGN Espace) for their early work on SPOTS images of the
Antarctic Peninsula. This study was also aided by J. Bohlander's
searches for MODIS imagery, and V. Suchdeo who assembled the altimetry
and imagery material into preliminary figures. F. Zgur and M. Rebesco
facilitated our understanding of bathymetry data in the study area
(principal investigator Eugene Domack, NSF-ANT03-38142). Finally, the
paper was made substantially more coherent with patient editing by the
scientific editors T.H. Jacka and H. Fricker, and reviewers B. Smith and
D. Vaughan.
NR 59
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 23
PU INT GLACIOL SOC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1430
EI 1727-5652
J9 J GLACIOL
JI J. Glaciol.
PY 2011
VL 57
IS 204
BP 737
EP 754
PG 18
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 822BT
UT WOS:000295019400014
ER
PT J
AU Li, Y
Gao, J
Li, QL
Peng, MF
Sun, XH
Li, YY
Yuan, G
Wen, W
Meyyappan, M
AF Li, Yang
Gao, Jing
Li, Qinliang
Peng, Mingfa
Sun, Xuhui
Li, Youyong
Yuan, Gang
Wen, Wen
Meyyappan, M.
TI Thermal phase transformation of In2Se3 nanowires studied by in situ
synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID MEMORY; NONVOLATILE; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; CASTEP; FILMS
AB We report the preparation of alpha- and kappa-phase In2Se3 nanowires by thermal evaporation and investigation of their phase transformations in situ by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (XRD) during a thermal annealing process. The kappa-phase transformed into the alpha- phase at 500 degrees C and eventually transformed to high temperature alpha- phase with a layered structure of 5 atoms-5 atoms at 700 degrees C irreversibly. Different atomistic structures of In2Se3 were modeled and optimized by DFT, which correlate well with the XRD results. The In2Se3 nanowires also exhibit a large difference in resistivity before and after annealing.
C1 [Li, Yang; Gao, Jing; Li, Qinliang; Peng, Mingfa; Sun, Xuhui; Li, Youyong] Soochow Univ, Inst Funct Nano & Soft Mat FUNSOM, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Li, Yang; Gao, Jing; Li, Qinliang; Peng, Mingfa; Sun, Xuhui; Li, Youyong] Soochow Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Mat & Devices, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Yuan, Gang; Wen, Wen] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Shanghai 201204, Peoples R China.
[Meyyappan, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Meyyappan, M.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div IT Convergence Engn, Pohang, South Korea.
RP Sun, XH (reprint author), Soochow Univ, Inst Funct Nano & Soft Mat FUNSOM, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM xhsun@suda.edu.cn; yyli@suda.edu.cn
RI Li, Youyong/D-3836-2011; Sun, Xuhui /K-5689-2012
OI Li, Youyong/0000-0002-5248-2756;
FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB934502];
Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51072127]; Priority Academic
Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Science
and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [1052nm07800];
WCU-ITCE
FX The authors thank beamline BL14B1 (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation
Facility) for providing the beam time. The work was supported by the
National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No.
2010CB934502), Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No.
51072127), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher
Education Institutions and the Science and Technology Commission of
Shanghai Municipality (Grant Number: 1052nm07800). The work in Korea was
supported by the WCU-ITCE program.
NR 24
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 28
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0959-9428
EI 1364-5501
J9 J MATER CHEM
JI J. Mater. Chem.
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 19
BP 6944
EP 6947
DI 10.1039/c1jm10419e
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 755AP
UT WOS:000289899300028
ER
PT J
AU Bux, SK
Yeung, MT
Toberer, ES
Snyder, GJ
Kaner, RB
Fleurial, JP
AF Bux, Sabah K.
Yeung, Michael T.
Toberer, Eric S.
Snyder, G. Jeffrey
Kaner, Richard B.
Fleurial, Jean-Pierre
TI Mechanochemical synthesis and thermoelectric properties of high quality
magnesium silicide
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID DOPED MG2SI SEMICONDUCTORS; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; BULK ALLOYS; STATE
AB Magnesium silicide and related alloys are attractive for thermoelectric applications due to their low toxicity, thermal stability, low density, relative abundance and low cost of production. Earlier work on the synthesis of Mg2Si via high energy ball milling resulted in incomplete product formation, oxide impurities, and contamination from milling media. Here we present an improved solid-state synthesis of n-type magnesium silicide using the mechanochemical technique of high energy ball milling of the elements followed by high pressure sintering using hot uniaxial compaction. This robust synthetic method permits a detailed investigation of thermoelectric properties as a function of Bi doping. The thermoelectric properties of Mg2Si1-xBix (0 <= x <= 0.021) samples are characterized from 300 K to 775 K. These results are analyzed within a single parabolic band (SPB) model to determine the effective conduction band parameters and identify regimes of non-SPB behavior.
C1 [Bux, Sabah K.; Fleurial, Jean-Pierre] CALTECH, Thermal Energy Convers Technol Grp, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Yeung, Michael T.; Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Yeung, Michael T.; Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Toberer, Eric S.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Snyder, G. Jeffrey] CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Bux, SK (reprint author), CALTECH, Thermal Energy Convers Technol Grp, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 277-207, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM Sabah.K.Bux@jpl.nasa.gov; etoberer@mines.edu; jsnyder@caltech.edu;
kaner@chem.ucla.edu
RI Snyder, G. Jeffrey/E-4453-2011; Snyder, G/I-2263-2015;
OI Snyder, G. Jeffrey/0000-0003-1414-8682; Yeung,
Michael/0000-0002-5677-6970
FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0805352]; IGERT [DGE-0114443,
DGE-0654431]; NASA [NNX09AM26H]; JPL/Caltech [1308818]; National
Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX The authors thank Dr Thierry Caillat for his helpful discussions and
Danny Zoltan for his assistance with transport measurements. Support
from the National Science Foundation DMR 0805352 (RBK), an IGERT
fellowship DGE-0114443 and DGE-0654431 (SKB), a NASA GSRP fellowship
NNX09AM26H (SKB), and a JPL/Caltech subcontract 1308818 (RBK) are
gratefully acknowledged. Part of this work was performed at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract
with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 54
TC 84
Z9 85
U1 14
U2 99
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0959-9428
J9 J MATER CHEM
JI J. Mater. Chem.
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 33
BP 12259
EP 12266
DI 10.1039/c1jm10827a
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 804ZH
UT WOS:000293694700016
ER
PT J
AU Carra, C
Cucinotta, FA
AF Carra, Claudio
Cucinotta, Francis A.
TI Binding Selectivity of RecA to a single stranded DNA, a computational
approach
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING
LA English
DT Article
DE Binding; EcRecA; Homologous recombination; MM-PBSA; Molecular dynamics
ID FREE-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; BACTERIAL
RECOMBINASE RECA; GENERALIZED BORN MODEL; CONTINUUM SOLVENT MODELS;
AMBER FORCE-FIELD; C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN-BINDING;
FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
AB Homologous recombination (HR) is the major DNA double strand break repair pathway which maintains the genomic integrity. It is fundamental for the survivability and functionality of all organisms. One of the initial steps in HR is the formation of the nucleoprotein filament composed by a single stranded DNA chain surrounded by the recombinases protein. The filament orchestrates the search for an undamaged homologue, as a template for the repair process. Our theoretical study was aimed at elucidating the selectivity of the interaction between a monomer of the recombinases enzyme in the Escherichia coli, EcRecA, the bacterial homologue of human Rad51, with a series of oligonucleotides of nine bases length. The complex, equilibrated for 20 ns with Langevian dynamics, was inserted in a periodic box with a 8 angstrom buffer of water molecules explicitly described by the TIP3P model. The absolute binding free energies are calculated in an implicit solvent using the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) and the generalized Born (GB) solvent accessible surface area, using the MM-PB(GB)SA model. The solute entropic contribution is also calculated by normal mode analysis. The results underline how a significant contribution of the binding free energy is due to the interaction with the Arg196, a critical amino acid for the activity of the enzyme. The study revealed how the binding affinity of EcRecA is significantly higher toward dT(9) rather than dA(9), as expected from the experimental results.
C1 [Carra, Claudio] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Cucinotta, Francis A.] NASA, JSC, Space Radiat Hlth Project, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Carra, C (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM claudio.carra-1@nasa.gov; francis.a.cucinotta@nasa.gov
FU NASA
FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the NASA Space
Radiation Risk Assessment Project.
NR 129
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1610-2940
J9 J MOL MODEL
JI J. Mol. Model.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 17
IS 1
BP 133
EP 150
DI 10.1007/s00894-010-0694-8
PG 18
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry,
Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry; Computer
Science
GA 710AL
UT WOS:000286482700014
PM 20386943
ER
PT J
AU Sun, WB
Liu, ZY
Lin, B
Hua, DX
Videen, G
AF Sun, Wenbo
Liu, Zhaoyan
Lin, Bing
Hua, Dengxin
Videen, Gorden
TI The 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and
Remote Sensing
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Sun, Wenbo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
[Liu, Zhaoyan] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA.
[Lin, Bing] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Hua, Dengxin] Xian Univ Technol, Xian, Peoples R China.
RP Sun, WB (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
EM Wenbo.Sun-1@nasa.gov
OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 112
IS 2
SI SI
BP 153
EP 154
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.11.003
PG 2
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 702LQ
UT WOS:000285896600001
ER
PT J
AU Bi, L
Yang, P
Kattawar, GW
Hu, YX
Baum, BA
AF Bi, Lei
Yang, Ping
Kattawar, George W.
Hu, Yongxiang
Baum, Bryan A.
TI Diffraction and external reflection by dielectric faceted particles
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote
Sensing
CY JUL 13-17, 2009
CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Xian Univ Technol, Sch Machinery & Precis Instrument Engn
DE Diffraction; External reflection; Scattering; Hexagonal ice crystal
ID HEXAGONAL ICE CRYSTALS; DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; SINGLE-SCATTERING
PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLAR-RADIATION;
T-MATRIX; ABSORPTION; ALGORITHM; CLOUDS
AB The scattering of light by dielectric particles much larger than the wavelength of incident light is attributed to diffraction, external reflection and outgoing refracted waves. This paper focuses on diffraction and external reflection by faceted particles, which can be calculated semi-analytically based on physical optics. Three approximate methods: the surface-integral method (SIM), the volume-integral method (VIM), and the diffraction plus reflection pattern from ray optics (DPR) are compared. Four elements of the amplitude scattering matrix in the SIM and the VIM are presented in an explicit form. Of interest is that diffraction and external reflection are separable in the SIM, whereas they are combined in the VIM. A feature of zero forward reflection is noticed in the SIM. The applicability of the DPR method is restricted to particles with random orientations. In the manner of van de Hulst, we develop a new technique to compute the reflection pattern of randomly oriented convex particles using spheres with the same refractive index, resulting in an improvement in the precision of the reflection calculation in near-forward and near-backward directions. The accuracy of the aforementioned three methods is investigated by comparing their results with those from the discrete-dipole-approximation (DDA) method for hexagonal particles at the refractive index of 1.3 + i1.0. For particles with fixed orientations, it is found that the SIM and the VIM are comparable in accuracy and applicable when the size parameter is on the order of 20. The ray-spreading effect on the phase function is evident from the results of various size parameters. For randomly oriented particles, the DPR is more efficient than the SIM and the VIM. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bi, Lei; Kattawar, George W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Baum, Bryan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Bi, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM bilei@tamu.edu
RI Bi, Lei/B-9242-2011; Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012;
Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011
OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767
NR 42
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 112
IS 2
SI SI
BP 163
EP 173
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.02.007
PG 11
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 702LQ
UT WOS:000285896600003
ER
PT J
AU Lin, B
Min, QL
Sun, WB
Hu, YX
Fan, TF
AF Lin, Bing
Min, Qilong
Sun, Wenbo
Hu, Yongxiang
Fan, Tai-Fang
TI Can climate sensitivity be estimated from short-term relationships of
top-of-atmosphere net radiation and surface temperature?
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote
Sensing
CY JUL 13-17, 2009
CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Xian Univ Technol, Sch Machinery & Precis Instrument Engn
DE Top-of-atmosphere net radiation; Climate feedback; Energy balance
ID MODEL; FEEDBACK
AB Increasing the knowledge in climate radiative feedbacks is critical for current climate studies. This work focuses on short-term relationships between global mean surface temperature and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) net radiation. The relationships may be used to characterize the climate feedback as suggested by some recent studies. As those recent studies, an energy balance model with ocean mixed layer and both radiative and non-radiative heat sources is used here. The significant improvement of current model is that climate system memories are considered.
Based on model simulations, short-term relationship between global mean surface temperature and TOA net radiation (or the linear striation feature as suggested by previous studies) might represent climate feedbacks when the system had no memories. However, climate systems with the same short-term feedbacks but different memories would have a similar linear striation feature. This linear striation feature reflects only fast components of climate feedbacks and may not represent the total climate feedback even when the memory length of climate systems is minimal. The potential errors in the use of short-term relationships in estimations of climate sensitivity could be big. In short time scales, fast climate processes may overwhelm long-term climate feedbacks. Thus, the climate radiative feedback parameter obtained from short-term data may not provide a reliable estimate of climate sensitivity. This result also suggests that long-term observations of global surface temperature and TOA radiation are critical in the understanding of climate feedbacks and sensitivities. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Lin, Bing; Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Min, Qilong] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
[Sun, Wenbo; Fan, Tai-Fang] SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
RP Lin, B (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM bing.lin@nasa.gov
RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012
NR 13
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 112
IS 2
SI SI
BP 177
EP 181
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.03.012
PG 5
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 702LQ
UT WOS:000285896600005
ER
PT J
AU Sun, WB
Hu, YX
Lin, B
Liu, ZY
Videen, G
AF Sun, Wenbo
Hu, Yongxiang
Lin, Bing
Liu, Zhaoyan
Videen, Gorden
TI The impact of ice cloud particle microphysics on the uncertainty of ice
water content retrievals
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote
Sensing
CY JUL 13-17, 2009
CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Xian Univ Technol, Sch Machinery & Precis Instrument Engn
DE Ice clouds; Cloud radar; Ice water content
ID TIME-DOMAIN SOLUTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CIRRUS CLOUDS; RADAR; LIDAR;
MISSION; PRECIPITATION; OCEANS; PATH
AB Ice water content (IWC) is a standard product of cloud radar measurements. In this work, cloud radar cross-sections of various ice clouds are modeled to examine the relationship between the radar signal and the IWC. We report that using backscatter signal at cloud radar wavelength to retrieve IWC results in large uncertainties. Particle size distribution is the primary cause for the uncertainty in the retrieved IWC at radar wavelengths, though particle shape and orientation also play significant roles. Particularly in this study, we demonstrate that using both transmitted waves through the clouds (extinction) and backscattered waves from the clouds to retrieve the mean particle size and then using the mean particle size for IWC retrieval reduces the uncertainty. IWC retrieval can be improved with size distribution derived from dual wavelength cloud radar. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sun, Wenbo; Hu, Yongxiang; Lin, Bing] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Sun, Wenbo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Liu, Zhaoyan] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Videen, Gorden] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA.
RP Sun, WB (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM Wenbo.Sun-1@nasa.gov
RI Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012
OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738;
NR 20
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 112
IS 2
SI SI
BP 189
EP 196
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.04.003
PG 8
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 702LQ
UT WOS:000285896600007
ER
PT J
AU Liu, ZY
Winker, D
Omar, A
Vaughan, M
Trepte, C
Hu, Y
Powell, K
Sun, WB
Lin, B
AF Liu, Zhaoyan
Winker, David
Omar, Ali
Vaughan, Mark
Trepte, Charles
Hu, Yong
Powell, Kathleen
Sun, Wenbo
Lin, Bing
TI Effective lidar ratios of dense dust layers over North Africa derived
from the CALIOP measurements
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote
Sensing
CY JUL 13-17, 2009
CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Xian Univ Technol, Sch Machinery & Precis Instrument Engn
DE Lidar; Lidar ratio; Extinction to backscatter ratio; CALIPSO; CALIOP;
Dust aerosol; Saharan dust
ID TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; SAHARAN DUST; RAMAN LIDAR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
AEROSOL; AIRBORNE; EXTINCTION; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; TRANSPORT
AB Lidar ratio (i.e., extinction-to-backscatter ratio) is a key parameter required for retrieving extinction profiles and optical depths from elastic backscatter lidar measurements, and the quality of any extinction retrieval depends critically on the accuracy of the assumed or measured lidar ratio. In this study, we analyze the first two and a half years of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data acquired during nighttime. Distributions of the effective lidar ratio (ELR), which is the product of the lidar ratio and an instrument-dependent multiple scattering factor, are derived for opaque dust layers observed by CALIOP over the North Africa. The median and mean ELR values are, respectively, 36.4 and 38.5 sr at 532 nm and 47.7 and 50.3 sr at 1064 nm. For these opaque dust layers, the derived ELR decreases as the volume depolarization ratio (VDR) increases, reflecting the impact of multiple scattering within the dense layers. The particulate depolarization ratio is typically similar to 0.3 at 532 nm for African dust observed by CALIOP. This ratio can increase to similar to 0.4 in the presence of significant multiple scattering. Correspondingly, the calculated ELR will decrease to similar to 20 sr at 532 nm and to similar to 30 sr at 1064 nm. The median and mean effective lidar ratio values approach, respectively, to 38 and 40 sr at 532 nm and 52 and 55 sr at 1064 nm for smaller VDR values measured in less dense layers where the multiple scattering is relatively insignificant. These values are very close to those derived in previous case studies for moderately dense dust. Case studies are also performed to examine the impacts of multiple scattering. The results obtained are generally consistent with Monte-Carlo simulations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Liu, Zhaoyan] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23693 USA.
[Liu, Zhaoyan; Winker, David; Omar, Ali; Vaughan, Mark; Trepte, Charles; Hu, Yong; Powell, Kathleen; Sun, Wenbo; Lin, Bing] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Sun, Wenbo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Liu, ZY (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, 100 Explorat Way, Hampton, VA 23693 USA.
EM zhaoyan.liu@nasa.gov
RI Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Omar,
Ali/D-7102-2017
OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738; Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235
NR 38
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
EI 1879-1352
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 112
IS 2
SI SI
BP 204
EP 213
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.05.006
PG 10
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 702LQ
UT WOS:000285896600009
ER
PT J
AU Lawrence, R
Lin, B
Harrah, S
Hu, Y
Hunt, P
Lipp, C
AF Lawrence, Roland
Lin, Bing
Harrah, Steve
Hu, Yongxiang
Hunt, Patrica
Lipp, Carl
TI Initial flight test results of differential absorption barometric radar
for remote sensing of sea surface air pressure
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote
Sensing
CY JUL 13-17, 2009
CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Xian Univ Technol, Sch Machinery & Precis Instrument Engn
DE Atmospheric pressure; Differential absorption radar; Microwave remote
sensing; Microwave differential absorption
AB The accuracy of numerical weather model predictions of the intensity and track of tropical storms may be significantly improved by large spatial coverage and frequent sampling of sea surface barometry. The availability of a radar operating at moderate-to-strong O-2 absorption bands in the frequency range 50 similar to 56 GHz to remotely measure surface barometric pressure may provide such capability. At these frequencies, the strength of radar echoes from water surfaces has a strong gradient with frequencies owing to the absorption of atmospheric O-2. Our recent research has developed a technique based on the use of a dual-frequency, O-2-band radar to estimate surface barometric pressure from the measured attenuation due to O-2. The ratio of reflected radar signals at multiple wavelengths is used to minimize the effect of microwave absorption by liquid water and water vapor in the atmosphere, and the influences of sea surface reflection over the frequency of operation. A demonstration instrument has been developed to verify the differential O-2 absorption measurement approach. Recent test flights to evaluate the in-flight performance of the demonstration instrument have been completed. The measured radar return and differential O-2 absorption show good agreement with the modeled results. These flight test results are consistent with our instrumentation goal of +/- 5 mb uncertainty and indicate that our proposed differential absorption measurement approach may provide a useful measurement of sea surface pressure. Future test flights will provide higher altitude data and assess the precision of the sea surface pressure measurement for the existing demonstration radar. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lawrence, Roland] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
[Lin, Bing; Harrah, Steve; Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
[Hunt, Patrica] Locheed Martin Engn Serv, Hampton, VA USA.
[Lipp, Carl] ATK, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Lawrence, R (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
EM rlawrenc@odu.edu; bing.lin@nasa.gov; steven.harrah-1@nasa.gov
RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012
NR 7
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
EI 1879-1352
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 112
IS 2
SI SI
BP 247
EP 253
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.06.001
PG 7
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 702LQ
UT WOS:000285896600014
ER
PT J
AU Li, JM
Yi, YH
Minnis, P
Huang, JP
Yan, HR
Ma, YJ
Wang, WC
Ayers, JK
AF Li, Jiming
Yi, Yuhong
Minnis, Patrick
Huang, Jianping
Yan, Hongru
Ma, Yuejie
Wang, Wencai
Ayers, J. Kirk
TI Radiative effect differences between multi-layered and single-layer
clouds derived from CERES, CALIPSO, and CloudSat data
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote
Sensing
CY JUL 13-17, 2009
CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Xian Univ Technol, Sch Machinery & Precis Instrument Engn
DE Cloud radiative effect; Layer thickness; Layer top (base) height;
Multi-layered cloud; Single-layer cloud
ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ENERGY SYSTEM
INSTRUMENT; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; SURFACE RADIATION; TERRA SATELLITE; FLUX
ESTIMATION; PART I; OVERLAP; SENSITIVITY
AB Clouds alter general circulation through modification of the radiative heating profile within the atmosphere. Their effects are complex and depend on height, vertical structure, and phase. The instantaneous cloud radiative effect (CRE) induced by multilayered (ML) and single-layer (SL) clouds is estimated by analyzing data collected by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), CloudSat, and Clouds and Earth's Radiation Energy Budget System (CERES) missions from March 2007 through February 2008. The CRE differences between ML and SL clouds at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and at the surface were also examined. The zonal mean shortwave (SW) CRE differences between the ML and SL clouds at the TOA and surface were positive at most latitudes, peaking at 120 W m(-2) in the tropics and dropping to -30 W M-2 at higher latitudes. This indicated that the ML clouds usually reflected less sunlight at the TOA and transmitted more to the surface than the SL clouds, due to their higher cloud top heights. The zonal mean longwave (LW) CRE differences between ML and SL clouds at the TOA and surface were relatively small, ranging from -30 to 30 W m(-2). This showed that the ML clouds only increased the amount of thermal radiation at the TOA relative to the SL clouds in the tropics, decreasing it elsewhere. In other words, ML clouds tended to cool the atmosphere in the tropics and warm it elsewhere when compared to SL clouds. The zonal mean net CRE differences were positive at most latitudes and dominated by the SW CRE differences. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yi, Yuhong; Ayers, J. Kirk] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
[Li, Jiming; Huang, Jianping; Yan, Hongru; Ma, Yuejie; Wang, Wencai] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
[Minnis, Patrick] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
RP Yi, YH (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
EM yuhong.yi-1@nasa.gov
RI Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010
OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148
NR 52
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 112
IS 2
SI SI
BP 361
EP 375
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.10.006
PG 15
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 702LQ
UT WOS:000285896600026
ER
EF