FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Barmore, BE Smith, C Palmer, SO Abbott, TS AF Barmore, Bryan E. Smith, Colin Palmer, Susan O. Abbott, Terence S. GP IEEE TI A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTERVAL MANAGEMENT CONTROL LAW CAPABILITIES SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB This paper presents a new tool designed to allow for rapid development and testing of different control algorithms for airborne spacing. This tool, Interval Management Modeling and Spacing Tool (IM MAST), is a fast-time, low-fidelity tool created to model the approach of aircraft to a runway, with a focus on their interactions with each other. Errors can be induced between pairs of aircraft by varying initial positions, winds, speed profiles, and altitude profiles. Results to-date show that only a few of the algorithms tested had poor behavior in the arrival and approach environment. The majority of the algorithms showed only minimal variation in performance under the test conditions. Trajectory-based algorithms showed high susceptibility to wind forecast errors, while performing marginally better than the other algorithms under other conditions. Trajectory-based algorithms have a sizable advantage, however, of being able to perform relative spacing operations between aircraft on different arrival routes and flight profiles without employing 'ghosting' methods. This comes at the higher cost of substantially increased complexity, however. Additionally, it was shown that earlier initiation of relative spacing operations provided more time for corrections to be made without any significant problems in the spacing operation itself. Initiating spacing farther out, however, would require more of the aircraft to begin spacing before they merge onto a common route. C1 [Barmore, Bryan E.; Smith, Colin; Palmer, Susan O.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Abbott, Terence S.] Booz Allen Hamilton, Mclean, VA USA. RP Barmore, BE (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200033 ER PT S AU Baxley, BT Swenson, HN Prevot, T Callantine, TJ AF Baxley, Brian T. Swenson, Harry N. Prevot, Thomas Callantine, Todd J. GP IEEE TI NASA'S ATM TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION-1: INTEGRATED CONCEPT OF ARRIVAL OPERATIONS SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB This paper describes operations and procedures envisioned for NASA's Air Traffic Management (ATM) Technology Demonstration #1 (ATD-1). The ATD-1 Concept of Operations (ConOps) demonstration will integrate three NASA technologies to achieve high throughput, fuel-efficient arrival operations into busy terminal airspace. They are Traffic Management Advisor with Terminal Metering (TMA-TM) for precise time-based schedules to the runway and points within the terminal area, Controller-Managed Spacing (CMS) decision support tools for terminal controllers to better manage aircraft delay using speed control, and Flight deck Interval Management (FIM) avionics and flight crew procedures to conduct airborne spacing operations. The ATD-1 concept provides de-conflicted and efficient operations of multiple arrival streams of aircraft, passing through multiple merge points, from top-of-descent (TOD) to touchdown. It also enables aircraft to conduct Optimized Profile Descents (OPDs) from en route altitude to the runway, using primarily speed control to maintain separation and schedule. The ATD-1 project is currently addressing the challenges of integrating the three technologies, and implantation into an operational environment. Goals of the ATD-1 demonstration include increasing the throughput of high-density airports, reducing controller workload, increasing efficiency of arrival operations and the frequency of trajectory-based operations, and promoting aircraft ADS-B equipage. C1 [Baxley, Brian T.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Baxley, BT (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200038 ER PT S AU Butler, R Hagen, G Maddalon, J Munoz, C Narkawicz, A AF Butler, Ricky Hagen, George Maddalon, Jeffrey Munoz, Cesar Narkawicz, Anthony GP IEEE TI THE SEARCH FOR EFFECTIVE ALGORITHMS FOR RECOVERY FROM LOSS OF SEPARATION SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB Our previous work presented an approach for developing high confidence algorithms for recovering aircraft from loss of separation situations. The correctness theorems for the algorithms relied on several key assumptions, namely that state data for all local aircraft is perfectly known, that resolution maneuvers can be achieved instantaneously, and that all aircraft compute resolutions using exactly the same data. Experiments showed that these assumptions were adequate in cases where the aircraft are far away from losing separation, but are insufficient when the aircraft have already lost separation. This paper describes the results of this experimentation and proposes a new criteria specification for loss of separation recovery that preserves the formal safety properties of the previous criteria while overcoming some key limitations. Candidate algorithms that satisfy the new criteria are presented. C1 [Butler, Ricky; Hagen, George; Maddalon, Jeffrey; Munoz, Cesar; Narkawicz, Anthony] NASA, Hampton, VA USA. RP Butler, R (reprint author), NASA, Hampton, VA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200074 ER PT S AU Daniels, TS Schaffner, PR Evans, ET Neece, RT Young, SD AF Daniels, Taumi S. Schaffner, Philip R. Evans, Emory T. Neece, Robert T. Young, Steven D. GP IEEE TI CREATING A REALISTIC WEATHER ENVIRONMENT FOR MOTION-BASED PILOTED FLIGHT SIMULATION SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing ID SNOW SIZE SPECTRA; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; LIQUID WATER; PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICS; CLOUDS; MODEL; RUC AB A flight simulation environment is being enhanced to facilitate experiments that evaluate research prototypes of advanced onboard weather radar, hazard / integrity monitoring (HIM), and integrated alerting and notification (IAN) concepts in adverse weather conditions. The simulation environment uses weather data based on real weather events to support operational scenarios in a terminal area. A simulated atmospheric environment was realized by using numerical weather data sets. These were produced from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model hosted and run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). To align with the planned flight simulation experiment requirements, several HRRR data sets were acquired courtesy of NOAA. These data sets coincided with severe weather events at the Memphis International Airport (MEM) in Memphis, TN. In addition, representative flight tracks for approaches and departures at MEM were generated and used to develop and test simulations of (1) what onboard sensors such as the weather radar would observe; (2) what datalinks of weather information would provide; and (3) what atmospheric conditions the aircraft would experience (e. g. turbulence, winds, and icing). The simulation includes a weather radar display that provides weather and turbulence modes, derived from the modeled weather along the flight track. The radar capabilities and the pilots controls simulate current-generation commercial weather radar systems. Appropriate data-linked weather advisories (e.g., SIGMET) were derived from the HRRR weather models and provided to the pilot consistent with NextGen concepts of use for Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) and Meteorological (MET) data link products. The net result of this simulation development was the creation of an environment that supports investigations of new flight deck information systems, methods for incorporation of better weather information, and pilot interface and operational improvements for better aviation safety. This research is part of a larger effort at NASA to study the impact of the growing complexity of operations, information, and systems on crew decision-making and response effectiveness; and then to recommend methods for improving future designs. C1 [Daniels, Taumi S.; Schaffner, Philip R.; Evans, Emory T.; Neece, Robert T.; Young, Steven D.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Daniels, TS (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200030 ER PT S AU Diallo, O AF Diallo, Ousmane GP IEEE TI A Predictive Aircraft Landing Speed Model Using Neural Network SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Diallo, O (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ousmane.diallo@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 33 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917203008 ER PT S AU Diallo, ON AF Diallo, Ousmane N. GP IEEE TI A PREDICTIVE AIRCRAFT LANDING SPEED MODEL USING NEURAL NETWORK SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB Expected increases in air traffic demand have stimulated the development of automated tools intended to assist the air traffic controller in accurately and precisely spacing aircraft landing at congested airports. Such tools require an accurate landing-speed prediction to increase throughput while decreasing the need for controller' interventions for avoiding separation violations. There are many practical challenges to developing an accurate landing-speed model that has acceptable prediction errors. This paper focuses on a near-term implementation, using readily available information, to model the final approach speed profile from the top-of-descent phase of flight to the landing runway. The developed models accurately predicted the landing speed, for the MD-80 aircraft type operations at the Dallas/Fort Worth airport, 95% of times with error margins of 12.6% for the low-and-no gust and 12% for high gust conditions, respectively. Also, the models reduced the uncertainties of the landing speed predictions by at least 9.5% for both gust conditions from the current state-of-the-art predictions. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Diallo, ON (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200046 ER PT S AU Howell, C Wehner, P Stock, T Verstynen, H AF Howell, Charles Wehner, Paul Stock, Todd Verstynen, Harry GP IEEE TI Simulation and Flight Test Capability for Testing Prototype Sense and Avoid System Elements SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 [Howell, Charles] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Howell, C (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 52 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917206012 ER PT S AU Howell, CT Stock, TM Wehner, PJ Verstynen, HA AF Howell, Charles T., III Stock, Todd M. Wehner, Paul J. Verstynen, Harry A. GP IEEE TI SIMULATION AND FLIGHT TEST CAPABILITY FOR TESTING PROTOTYPE SENSE AND AVOID SYSTEM ELEMENTS SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) and The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) have developed-and successfully demonstrated-an integrated simulation-to-flight capability for evaluating sense and avoid (SAA) system elements. This integrated capability consists of a MITRE developed fast-time computer simulation for evaluating SAA algorithms, and a NASA LaRC surrogate unmanned aircraft system (UAS) equipped to support hardware and software in-the-loop evaluation of SAA system elements (e. g., algorithms, sensors, architecture, communications, autonomous systems), concepts, and procedures. The fast-time computer simulation subjects algorithms to simulated flight encounters/conditions and generates a fitness report that records strengths, weaknesses, and overall performance. Reviewed algorithms (and their fitness report) are then transferred to NASA LaRC where additional (joint) airworthiness evaluations are performed on the candidate SAA system-element configurations, concepts, and/or procedures of interest; software and hardware components are integrated into the Surrogate UAS' research systems; and flight safety and mission planning activities are completed. Onboard the Surrogate UAS, candidate SAA system element configurations, concepts, and/or procedures are subjected to flight evaluations and in-flight performance is monitored. The Surrogate UAS, which can be controlled remotely via generic Ground Station uplink or automatically via onboard systems, operates with a NASA Safety Pilot/Pilot in Command onboard to permit safe operations in mixed airspace with manned aircraft. An end-to-end demonstration of a typical application of the capability was performed in non-exclusionary airspace in October 2011; additional research, development, flight testing, and evaluation efforts using this integrated capability are planned throughout fiscal year 2012 and 2013. C1 [Howell, Charles T., III] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Howell, CT (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917201076 ER PT S AU Jones, D Chartrand, R Wilson, S Commo, S Otero, S Barker, G AF Jones, Denise Chartrand, Ryan Wilson, Sara Commo, Sean Otero, Sharon Barker, Glover GP IEEE TI Airport Traffic Conflict Detection and Resolution Algorithm Evaluation SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 [Jones, Denise; Chartrand, Ryan; Wilson, Sara; Commo, Sean] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Otero, Sharon] Northrop Grumman, Hampton, VA USA. [Barker, Glover] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Jones, D (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM denise.r.jones@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 25 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917204033 ER PT S AU Jones, D Chartrand, R Wilson, S Commo, S Otero, S Barker, G AF Jones, Denise Chartrand, Ryan Wilson, Sara Commo, Sean Otero, Sharon Barker, Glover GP IEEE TI SURF IA Conflict Detection and Resolution Algorithm Evaluation SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 [Jones, Denise; Chartrand, Ryan; Wilson, Sara; Commo, Sean] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Otero, Sharon] Northrop Grumman, Hampton, VA USA. [Barker, Glover] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Jones, D (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM denise.r.jones@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917204034 ER PT S AU Jones, DR Chartrand, RC Wilson, SR Commo, SA Otero, SD Barker, GD AF Jones, Denise R. Chartrand, Ryan C. Wilson, Sara R. Commo, Sean A. Otero, Sharon D. Barker, Glover D. GP IEEE TI AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONFLICT DETECTION AND RESOLUTION ALGORITHM EVALUATION SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB A conflict detection and resolution (CD&R) concept for the terminal maneuvering area (TMA) was evaluated in a fast-time batch simulation study at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center. The CD&R concept is being designed to enhance surface situation awareness and provide cockpit alerts of potential conflicts during runway, taxi, and low altitude air-to-air operations. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the performance of aircraft-based CD&R algorithms in the TMA, as a function of surveillance accuracy. This paper gives an overview of the CD&R concept, simulation study, and results. C1 [Jones, Denise R.; Chartrand, Ryan C.; Wilson, Sara R.; Commo, Sean A.] NASA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), NASA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. FU Air Traffic Operations Laboratory; Aeronautics Systems Engineering Branch FX The authors would like to express their appreciation to the Air Traffic Operations Laboratory and Aeronautics Systems Engineering Branch personnel for their support throughout all phases of implementation, testing, and analysis. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917201016 ER PT S AU Jones, DR Chartrand, RC Wilson, SR Commo, SA Otero, SD Barker, GD AF Jones, Denise R. Chartrand, Ryan C. Wilson, Sara R. Commo, Sean A. Otero, Sharon D. Barker, Glover D. GP IEEE TI SURF IA CONFLICT DETECTION AND RESOLUTION ALGORITHM EVALUATION SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB The Enhanced Traffic Situational Awareness on the Airport Surface with Indications and Alerts (SURF IA) algorithm was evaluated in a fast-time batch simulation study at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center. SURF IA is designed to increase flight crew situation awareness of the runway environment and facilitate an appropriate and timely response to potential conflict situations. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the performance of the SURF IA algorithm under various runway scenarios, multiple levels of conflict detection and resolution (CD&R) system equipage, and various levels of horizontal position accuracy. This paper gives an overview of the SURF IA concept, simulation study, and results. C1 [Jones, Denise R.; Chartrand, Ryan C.; Wilson, Sara R.; Commo, Sean A.] NASA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), NASA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917201017 ER PT S AU Kramer, L Williams, S Rehfeld, S Harrison, S AF Kramer, Lynda Williams, Steve Rehfeld, Sherri Harrison, Stephanie GP IEEE TI Motion-base Simulator Evaluation of an Aircraft Using an eXternal Vision System (XVS) SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 [Kramer, Lynda; Williams, Steve; Rehfeld, Sherri; Harrison, Stephanie] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Kramer, L (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM lynda.j.kramer@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 34 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917202036 ER PT S AU Kramer, LJ Williams, SP Arthur, T Rehfeld, S Harrison, SJ AF Kramer, Lynda J. Williams, Steven P. Arthur, Trey, III Rehfeld, Sherri Harrison, Stephanie J. GP IEEE TI MOTION-BASE SIMULATOR EVALUATION OF AN AIRCRAFT USING AN EXTERNAL VISION SYSTEM SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB Twelve air transport-rated pilots participated as subjects in a motion-base simulation experiment to evaluate the use of eXternal Vision Systems (XVS) as enabling technologies for future supersonic aircraft without forward facing windows. Three head-up flight display concepts were evaluated -a monochromatic, collimated Head-up Display (HUD) and a color, non-collimated XVS display with a field-of-view (FOV) equal to and also, one significantly larger than the collimated HUD. Approach, landing, departure, and surface operations were conducted. Additionally, the apparent angle-of-attack (AOA) was varied (high/low) to investigate the vertical field-of-view display requirements and peripheral, side window visibility was experimentally varied. The data showed that lateral approach tracking performance and lateral landing position were excellent regardless of AOA, display FOV, display collimation or whether peripheral cues were present. However, the data showed glide slope approach tracking appears to be affected by display size (i.e., FOV) and collimation. The monochrome, collimated HUD and color, uncollimated XVS with Full FOV display had (statistically equivalent) glide path performance improvements over the XVS with HUD FOV display. Approach path performance results indicated that collimation may not be a requirement for an XVS display if the XVS display is large enough and employs color. Subjective assessments of mental workload and situation awareness also indicated that an uncollimated XVS display may be feasible. Motion cueing appears to have improved localizer tracking and touchdown sink rate across all displays. C1 [Kramer, Lynda J.; Williams, Steven P.; Arthur, Trey, III; Rehfeld, Sherri; Harrison, Stephanie J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Kramer, LJ (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200024 ER PT S AU Laughter, SA AF Laughter, Sean A. GP IEEE TI Expanding AirSTAR Capability in an Existing Avionics Design SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Laughter, SA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM Sean.A.Laughter@NASA.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917206024 ER PT S AU Laughter, SA AF Laughter, Sean A. GP IEEE TI EXPANDING AIRSTAR CAPABILITY FOR FLIGHT RESEARCH IN AN EXISTING AVIONICS DESIGN SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB The NASA Airborne Subscale Transport Aircraft Research (AirSTAR) project is an Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) test bed for experimental flight control laws and vehicle dynamics research. During its development, the test bed has gone through a number of system permutations, each meant to add functionality to the concept of operations of the system. This enabled the build-up of not only the system itself, but also the support infrastructure and processes necessary to support flight operations. These permutations were grouped into project phases and the move from Phase-III to Phase-IV was marked by a significant increase in research capability and necessary safety systems due to the integration of an Internal Pilot into the control system chain already established for the External Pilot. The major system changes in Phase-IV operations necessitated a new safety and failsafe system to properly integrate both the Internal and External Pilots and to meet acceptable project safety margins. This work involved retrofitting an existing data system into the evolved concept of operations. Moving from the first Phase-IV aircraft to the dynamically scaled aircraft further involved restructuring the system to better guard against electromagnetic interference (EMI), and the entire avionics wiring harness was redesigned in order to facilitate better maintenance and access to onboard electronics. This retrofit and harness re-design will be explored and how it integrates with the evolved Phase-IV operations. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Laughter, SA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917201084 ER PT S AU Malekpour, MR AF Malekpour, Mahyar R. GP IEEE TI MODEL CHECKING A SELF-STABILIZING SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOL FOR ARBITRARY DIGRAPHS SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB This report presents the mechanical verification of a self-stabilizing distributed clock synchronization protocol for arbitrary digraphs in the absence of faults. This protocol does not rely on assumptions about the initial state of the system, other than the presence of at least one node, and no central clock or a centrally generated signal, pulse, or message is used. The system under study is an arbitrary, non-partitioned digraph ranging from fully connected to 1-connected networks of nodes while allowing for differences in the network elements. Nodes are anonymous, i.e., they do not have unique identities. There is no theoretical limit on the maximum number of participating nodes. The only constraint on the behavior of the node is that the interactions with other nodes are restricted to defined links and interfaces. This protocol deterministically converges within a time bound that is a linear function of the self-stabilization period. A bounded model of the protocol is verified using the Symbolic Model Verifier (SMV) for a subset of digraphs. Modeling challenges of the protocol and the system are addressed. The model checking effort is focused on verifying correctness of the bounded model of the protocol as well as confirmation of claims of determinism and linear convergence with respect to the self-stabilization period. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Malekpour, MR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM mahyar.r.malekpour@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917201090 ER PT S AU Morris, AT Young, SD AF Morris, A. Terry Young, Steven D. GP IEEE TI ON THE TRANSITION AND MIGRATION OF FLIGHT FUNCTIONS IN THE AIRSPACE SYSTEM SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB Since similar to 400 BC, when man first replicated flying behavior with kites, up until the turn of the 20th century, when the Wright brothers performed the first successful powered human flight, flight functions have become available to man via significant support from man-made structures and devices. Over the past 100 years or so, technology has enabled several flight functions to migrate to automation and/or decision support systems. This migration continues with the United States' NextGen and Europe's Single European Sky (a.k.a. SESAR) initiatives. These overhauls of the airspace system will be accomplished by accommodating the functional capabilities, benefits, and limitations of technology and automation together with the unique and sometimes overlapping functional capabilities, benefits, and limitations of humans. This paper will discuss how a safe and effective migration of any flight function must consider several interrelated issues, including, for example, shared situation awareness, and automation addiction, or over-reliance on automation. A long-term philosophical perspective is presented that considers all of these issues by primarily asking the following questions: How does one find an acceptable level of risk tolerance when allocating functions to automation versus humans? How does one measure or predict with confidence what the risks will be? These two questions and others will be considered from the two most-discussed paradigms involving the use of increasingly complex systems in the future: "humans as operators" and "humans as monitors." C1 [Morris, A. Terry; Young, Steven D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Morris, AT (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917201088 ER PT S AU Munoz, E Lauderdale, T Cone, A AF Munoz, Epifanio Lauderdale, Todd Cone, Andrew GP IEEE TI AUTOMATED ARRIVAL MANAGEMENT: EFFECTS OF DESCENT TRAJECTORY PREDICTION ERRORS ON METERING CONFORMANCE SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB The effects of descent trajectory prediction errors on the performance of an "Arrival Manager" algorithm are explored. Errors in descent calibrated airspeed and wind speed are modeled in order to assess their impact on the baseline performance of the Arrival Manager algorithm in terms of arrival time performance, airborne delay and the number of losses of separation. These data were obtained by simulating in fast-time two streams of arrival traffic merging at the northeast metering fix at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. A simple arrival schedule is imposed with uniform spacing between aircraft. Given the modeled error in descent speed or wind, the Arrival Manager's ability to deliver each aircraft to meet its crossing-time constraint with no loss of separation from other aircraft is assessed. Results indicate that both metrics-airborne scheduled delay and the number of separation losses-are more sensitive to the modeled descent speed errors than the modeled wind speed error. Wind speed error resulted in no losses of separation. C1 [Munoz, Epifanio; Lauderdale, Todd; Cone, Andrew] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Munoz, E (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200042 ER PT S AU Prevot, T AF Prevot, Thomas GP IEEE TI How to Compute a Slot Marker - Calculation of Controller-Managed Spacing Tools for Efficient Descents with Precision Scheduling SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 NASA Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Prevot, T (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 41 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917203011 ER PT S AU Prevot, T AF Prevot, Thomas GP IEEE TI HOW TO COMPUTE A SLOT MARKER - CALCULATION OF CONTROLLER-MANAGED SPACING TOOLS FOR EFFICIENT DESCENTS WITH PRECISION SCHEDULING SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB This paper describes the underlying principles and algorithms for computing the primary Controller-Managed Spacing (CMS) tools developed at NASA for precisely spacing aircraft along efficient descent paths. The trajectory-based CMS tools include slot markers, delay indications and speed advisories. These tools are one of three core NASA technologies integrated in NASA's ATM Technology Demonstration-1 (ATD-1) that will operationally demonstrate the feasibility of fuel-efficient, high throughput arrival operations using Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and ground-based and airborne NASA technologies for precision scheduling and spacing. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Prevot, T (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200049 ER PT S AU Rios, J Jehlen, R Zhu, ZF AF Rios, Joseph Jehlen, Rich Zhu, Zhifan GP IEEE TI A Spatial Database for Reroute Planning SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 [Rios, Joseph] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Rios, J (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM Joseph.L.Rios@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 49 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917203014 ER PT S AU Rios, J Jehlen, R Zhu, ZF Ghaffarian, S AF Rios, Joseph Jehlen, Rich Zhu, Zhifan Ghaffarian, Stringer GP IEEE TI A SPATIAL DATABASE FOR REROUTE PLANNING SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB Current storage and retrieval of air traffic management data by the FAA allows for sufficient control of aircraft flows in the National Airspace System. However, these storage methods allow neither for deep historical analysis nor for use of advanced, standards-compliant tools. Another shortcoming of these storage methods is that air traffic management data are not readily accessible by all interested parties. The contributions of this paper are a new approach to describing, storing, and serving air traffic management data, and its software implementation. This approach is compliant with relevant published standards and, therefore, is easily incorporated into current and future systems. We fully develop a schema for describing reroute advisories, implement a database based upon that schema, then implement an example tool that can use this new system to provide information in a way not possible in the current system. This schema is an extension of the Aeronautical Information Exchange Model and allows for geometric queries to databases based upon the model. The example tool uses this feature by requesting previously implemented reroutes that do not intersect a supplied region of interest. The results enable a traffic manager to base a new reroute on past decisions of all traffic managers, which is not an approach used today. In today's operations, the sharing of past decisions between traffic managers given similar situations is not a formal process. The disconnect between what various managers might implement leaves room for inefficiencies in the system and helps motivate this study. As an example of the potential benefits of the system described here, there was a savings over 1000 nmi in total flight distance over all flights affected by a particular reroute advisory. C1 [Rios, Joseph] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Rios, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200052 ER PT S AU Shelton, K Kramer, L Ellis, K Rehfeld, S Bailey, R AF Shelton, Kevin Kramer, Lynda Ellis, Kyle Rehfeld, Sherri Bailey, Randy GP IEEE TI Synthetic and Enhanced Vision Systems for NextGen (SEVS) Flight Test Performance Evaluation SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 [Shelton, Kevin; Kramer, Lynda; Ellis, Kyle; Rehfeld, Sherri; Bailey, Randy] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Shelton, K (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM kevin.j.shelton@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917202037 ER PT S AU Shelton, KJ Kramer, LJ Ellis, K Rehfeld, SA AF Shelton, Kevin J. Kramer, Lynda J. Ellis, Kyle Rehfeld, Sherri A. GP IEEE TI SYNTHETIC AND ENHANCED VISION SYSTEMS (SEVS) FOR NEXTGEN SIMULATION AND FLIGHT TEST PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB The Synthetic and Enhanced Vision Systems for NextGen (SEVS) simulation and flight tests are jointly sponsored by NASA's Aviation Safety Program, Vehicle Systems Safety Technology project and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The flight tests were conducted by a team of Honeywell, Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation and NASA personnel with the goal of obtaining pilot-in-the-loop test data for flight validation, verification, and demonstration of selected SEVS operational and system-level performance capabilities. Nine test flights (38 flight hours) were conducted over the summer and fall of 2011. The evaluations were flown in Gulfstream's G450 flight test aircraft outfitted with the SEVS technology under very low visibility instrument meteorological conditions. Evaluation pilots flew 108 approaches in low visibility weather conditions (600 ft to 2400 ft visibility) into various airports from Louisiana to Maine. In-situ flight performance and subjective workload and acceptability data were collected in collaboration with ground simulation studies at LaRC's Research Flight Deck simulator. [GRAPHICS] . C1 [Shelton, Kevin J.; Kramer, Lynda J.; Ellis, Kyle; Rehfeld, Sherri A.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Shelton, KJ (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. EM kevin.j.shelton@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200025 ER PT S AU Swenson, HN Jung, J Thipphavong, J Chen, L Martin, L Nguyen, J AF Swenson, Harry N. Jung, Jaewoo Thipphavong, Jane Chen, Liang Martin, Lynne Jimmy Nguyen GP IEEE TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION TERMINAL PRECISION SCHEDULING AND SPACING SYSTEM FOR OFF-NOMINAL CONDITION OPERATIONS SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 [Swenson, Harry N.; Jung, Jaewoo; Thipphavong, Jane] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Swenson, HN (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917202046 ER PT S AU Swenson, HN Jung, J Thipphavong, J Chen, L Martin, L Nguyen, J AF Swenson, Harry N. Jung, Jaewoo Thipphavong, Jane Chen, Liang Martin, Lynne Nguyen, Jimmy GP IEEE TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE TERMINAL PRECISION SCHEDULING AND SPACING SYSTEM FOR OFF-NOMINAL CONDITION OPERATIONS SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB NASA has developed a capability for terminal area precision scheduling and spacing (TAPSS) to increase airport throughput and the use of fuel-efficient arrival procedures during periods of peak traffic congestion at high-throughput airports. This advanced technology represents NASA's current concept for the NextGen terminal metering desired capability. A series of high-fidelity human-in-the-loop simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the TAPSS system during off-nominal conditions, specifically aircraft executing missed-approach and go-around procedures after transitioning to the final approach fix during an attempted landing. Each simulation run contained 2-4 missed approaches during a highly congested 60-minute period. The TAPSS system was adapted to arrival operations for the Los Angeles International airport (LAX). It was also enhanced to support automated missed-approach processing and procedures. The experiments evaluated the utility of the missed approach enhanced automation features by comparing system performance and controller workload with and without the enhancements. The simulated traffic throughput exceeded that of the current LAX operations with two runways in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) by 10%. The results showed that when using the enhanced automation, the controllers could maintain the higher throughput levels with more consistent and predictable routing in the final operations but with increased vectoring and off-route aircraft in the feeder positions. Controller workload results indicated a preference for the automation enhancement especially as the numbers of missed approaches increased from 2 to 4 during the 60-minute evaluation period. C1 [Swenson, Harry N.; Jung, Jaewoo; Thipphavong, Jane] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Chen, Liang] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Martin, Lynne] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA USA. [Nguyen, Jimmy] Optimal Synth Inc, Los Altos, CA USA. RP Swenson, HN (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200034 ER PT S AU Wang, Y AF Wang, Yao GP IEEE TI Prediction of Weather Impacted Airport Capacity using RUC-2 forecast SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917203004 ER PT S AU Wang, Y AF Wang, Yao GP IEEE TI PREDICTION OF WEATHER IMPACTED AIRPORT CAPACITY USING RUC-2 FORECAST SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB Weather induced airborne delays have caused significant problems at the major commercial airports in the United States. Using Rapid Updated Cycle forecast data (RUC-2), this paper presents real case studies for assessing the impact of weather on airport capacities by Quadratic Response Surface (QRS) linear regression models and ensemble Bagging Decision Tree regression (BDT) models. Three high-demand major airports: Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR), Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD), and Atlanta International Airport (ATL) were selected for the analysis. Both QRS and BDT models were developed and evaluated using the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM) data and RUC -2 weather forecasts for these airports. The performances of the two weather impacted airport capacity models were compared and the errors between estimates and observations of airport arrival rates (AAR) were evaluated. The accuracy of AAR predictions in several hour look-ahead times using RUC-2 forecast weather was examined. The experimental results show that the accuracies of AAR estimations by nonlinear BDT regression models are much better than that from QRS multiple linear regression models. With airport AAR BDT models, the errors on weather corresponding AAR estimates using RUC weather data are smaller than that by METAR surface weather observations. Considering RUC includes much more weather information than METAR does, these findings strongly suggest that the adverse weather impact on airport capacity is complicated, relies on many predicting variables carried by RUC and it is inherently nonlinear. As a consequence, by using RUC weather forecasts, root mean squared error (RMSE) of the airport AAR BDT model predictions at one-hour look-ahead time are less than one and two arrival aircrafts per quarterly-hour for EWR and ORD/ATL airport, respectively. The ratio between AAR RMSE and average AAR for AAR predictions at one to eight hour look-ahead time is less than 10% for all three airports with nonlinear BDT models using RUC-2 weather forecasts. These results appear to be reasonably good. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200043 ER PT S AU White, A Sicher, C Henry, C AF White, Allan Sicher, Courtney Henry, Courtney GP IEEE TI Network Connectivity for Permanent, Transient, Independent, and Correlated Faults SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 [White, Allan] NASA Langley, Washington, DC USA. RP White, A (reprint author), NASA Langley, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917206008 ER PT S AU White, A Neogi, N Herencia-Zapana, H AF White, Allan Neogi, Natasha Herencia-Zapana, Heber GP IEEE TI AN INITIAL EXAMINATION FOR VERIFYING SEPARATION ALGORITHMS BY SIMULATION SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 [White, Allan] NASA Langley, Washington, DC USA. RP White, A (reprint author), NASA Langley, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917204001 ER PT S AU White, AL AF White, Allan L. GP IEEE TI DESIGNING FAULT-INJECTION EXPERIMENTS FOR THE RELIABILITY OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 NASA Langley, Washington, DC USA. RP White, AL (reprint author), NASA Langley, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917206032 ER PT S AU White, AL AF White, Allan L. GP IEEE TI DESIGNING FAULT-INJECTION EXPERIMENTS FOR THE RELIABILITY OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing ID ERROR-DETECTION; SOFTWARE; DEPENDABILITY; SIMULATION; MECHANISMS; HARDWARE; CHECKS; VHDL AB This paper considers the long-standing problem of conducting fault-injections experiments to establish the ultra-reliability of embedded systems. There have been extensive efforts in fault injection, and this paper offers a partial summary of the efforts, but these previous efforts have focused on realism and efficiency. Fault injections have been used to examine diagnostics and to test algorithms, but the literature does not contain any framework that says how to conduct fault-injection experiments to establish ultra-reliability. A solution to this problem integrates field-data, arguments-from-design, and fault-injection into a seamless whole. The solution in this paper is to derive a model reduction theorem for a class of semi-Markov models suitable for describing ultra-reliable embedded systems. The derivation shows that a tight upper bound on the probability of system failure can be obtained using only the means of system-recovery times, thus reducing the experimental effort to estimating a reasonable number of easily-observed parameters. The paper includes an example of a system subject to both permanent and transient faults. There is a discussion of integrating fault-injection with field-data and arguments-from-design. C1 NASA Langley, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP White, AL (reprint author), NASA Langley, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917202003 ER PT S AU White, AL Sicher, C Henry, C AF White, Allan L. Sicher, Courtney Henry, Courtney GP IEEE TI NETWORK CONNECTIVITY FOR PERMANENT, TRANSIENT, INDEPENDENT, AND CORRELATED FAULTS SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB This paper develops a method for the quantitative analysis of network connectivity in the presence of both permanent and transient faults. Even though transient noise is considered a common occurrence in networks, a survey of the literature reveals an emphasis on permanent faults. Transient faults introduce a time element into the analysis of network reliability. With permanent faults it is sufficient to consider the faults that have accumulated by the end of the operating period. With transient faults the arrival and recovery time must be included. The number and location of faults in the system is a dynamic variable. Transient faults also introduce system recovery into the analysis. C1 [White, Allan L.] NASA Langley, Hampton, VA USA. RP White, AL (reprint author), NASA Langley, Hampton, VA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917201072 ER PT S AU White, AL Neogi, N Herencia-Zapana, H AF White, Allan L. Neogi, Natasha Herencia-Zapana, Heber GP IEEE TI AN INITIAL EXAMINATION FOR VERIFYING SEPARATION ALGORITHMS BY SIMULATION SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB An open question in algorithms for aircraft is what can be validated by simulation where the simulation shows that the probability of undesirable events is below some given level at some confidence level. The problem is including enough realism to be convincing while retaining enough efficiency to run the large number of trials needed for high confidence. The paper first proposes a goal based on the number of flights per year in several regions. The paper examines the probabilistic interpretation of this goal and computes the number of trials needed to establish it at an equivalent confidence level. Since any simulation is likely to consider the algorithms for only one type of event and there are several types of events, the paper examines under what conditions this separate consideration is valid. This paper is an initial effort, and as such, it considers separation maneuvers, which are elementary but include numerous aspects of aircraft behavior. The scenario includes decisions under uncertainty since the position of each aircraft is only known to the other by broadcasting where GPS believes each aircraft to be (ADS-B). Each aircraft operates under feedback control with perturbations. It is shown that a scenario three or four orders of magnitude more complex is feasible. The question of what can be validated by simulation remains open, but there is reason to be optimistic C1 [White, Allan L.] NASA Langley, Hampton, VA USA. [Neogi, Natasha; Herencia-Zapana, Heber] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. RP White, AL (reprint author), NASA Langley, Hampton, VA USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200070 ER PT S AU Zelinski, S AF Zelinski, Shannon GP IEEE TI A Graph-Based Approach to Nominal Terminal Routing SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 NASA Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Zelinski, S (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 33 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917203026 ER PT S AU Zelinski, S AF Zelinski, Shannon GP IEEE TI Benefits of Precision Scheduling and Spacing for Arrival Operations SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Zelinski, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 34 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917202048 ER PT S AU Zelinski, S AF Zelinski, Shannon GP IEEE TI A GRAPH-BASED APPROACH TO NOMINAL TERMINAL ROUTING SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB As the air transportation system moves toward trajectory-based operations, there is a greater need for route modeling, especially in the terminal airspace where traffic flows twist and turn and many do not follow any currently published route. This paper presents a graph-based algorithmic method for defining nominal terminal routing from historical flight tracks. First historical traffic is used to generate a directed graph. Then Djikstra's shortest path algorithm is used to identify the shortest yet most commonly used paths through the graph. There were many different nominal routes between different engine types due to the distinct differences in engine performance characteristics. A comparison of graph-based shortest path routes to two other methods (manual and k-means) showed how the method could rapidly produce similar distinct dominant terminal area flows. Finding shortest paths from all links of a sufficient weight, rather than just source nodes, identified more route options depicting standard path control techniques in addition to the dominant route. This method may be used to rapidly prototype route models to assess trajectory-based terminal area concepts. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Zelinski, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Shannon.J.Zelinski@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200064 ER PT S AU Zelinski, S AF Zelinski, Shannon GP IEEE TI BENEFITS OF PRECISION SCHEDULING AND SPACING FOR ARRIVAL OPERATIONS SO 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31ST DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 14-18, 2012 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, AIAA, Avionics, AESS, DATC, Boeing AB Advances in arrival scheduling and controller aids for spacing have potential benefits of reducing aircraft delays and increasing airport arrival throughput. Schedulers use fixed arrival paths to estimate aircraft time-to-fly and assign them arrival slots based on the required separation plus a buffer. Concepts that reduce arrival time uncertainty can take advantage of advanced scheduling with smaller spacing buffers. These concepts have been successfully demonstrated with a handful of near to mid-term traffic demand scenarios and technologies using spacing buffers as low as 0.3 nmi. The analysis published here characterizes the observed arrival spacing behavior of 29 runways belonging to 15 airports within 8 of the busiest terminal areas across the United States for 32-60 days worth of traffic. The typical observed instrument arrival buffers ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 nmi would equate to roughly 10-20% increase in runway arrival capacity if buffers were reduced to 0.3 nmi. The effect of fixed arrival routing on terminal area flight time was also studied. Most runways studied had significant path stretch delay. This work estimates that 1-2 min of this delay could be reduced with precision scheduling and most of the remainder could be absorbed by speed control. C1 NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Zelinski, S (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM Shannon.J.Zelinski@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4673-1700-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2012 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEJ49 UT WOS:000316917200036 ER PT S AU Enzer, DG Wang, RT Oudrhiri, K Klipstein, WM AF Enzer, Daphna G. Wang, Rabi T. Oudrhiri, Kamal Klipstein, William M. GP IEEE TI In Situ Measurements of USO Performance in Space using the Twin GRAIL Spacecraft SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS) CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, UFFC AB Ultra-stable oscillators (USO) are flown on a variety of different science missions to provide stable timing and/or navigation. Typically, their performance is measured at the part in 10(13) level before launch and can only be verified in space via measurements that must propagate through, and potentially be degraded by, the Earth's atmosphere. To date, two missions are able to demonstrate USO performance in space, without atmospheric limitations, using twin spacecraft: Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL). With the recent launch of GRAIL, a NASA mission to map out the gravity field of the Moon, the clock and timing community has access to microwave tracking data from a pair of satellites flying independent USOs. In addition, since GRAIL took a circuitous three-month journey to the Moon, there was a 30-minute opportunity to obtain USO versus USO data when the spacecraft were not in orbit around the Earth or the Moon. This paper presents GRAIL Allan deviation data obtained during this payload-checkout in September 2011 and during the Science Phase in March 2012, and also analyzes data from GRACE using these new methods. C1 [Enzer, Daphna G.; Wang, Rabi T.; Oudrhiri, Kamal; Klipstein, William M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Enzer, DG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM daphna.g.enzer@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4577-1819-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BEJ76 UT WOS:000316994400156 ER PT S AU Kaul, AB AF Kaul, Anupama B. GP IEEE TI Carbon Nanofiber Switches and Sensors SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS) CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, UFFC ID ARRAYS; MEMS AB In this paper, we describe the implementation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for nano-electro-mechanical-systems (NEMS), which have potential applications in switches and resonant sensors. The CNFs, synthesized using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), are vertically oriented which can enable the formation of 3D NEMS structures for enhanced integration densities compared to 2D planar NEMS. We describe the material and device characterization results of these vertically oriented CNFs. Mechanical testing on individual CNFs shows that these structures are extremely elastic and well-adhered to the substrate, making them very attractive for enabling robust 3D NEMS architectures. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kaul, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4577-1819-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BEJ76 UT WOS:000316994400172 ER PT S AU Yi, L Taghavi-Larigani, S Burt, EA Tjoelker, RL AF Yi, L. Taghavi-Larigani, S. Burt, E. A. Tjoelker, R. L. GP IEEE TI Progress Towards a Dual-Isotope Trapped Mercury Ion Atomic Clock: Further Studies of Background Gas Collision Shifts SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS) CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, UFFC AB As part of an on-going effort to build a dual-isotope ion trap clock based on the Hg-199(+) and Hg-201(+) ground state hyperfine transitions, we continue to characterize the systematic sensitivities of the Hg-201(+) 29.9GHz clock transition. Here we present an extension to the previous Hg-201(+) collision shift measurement for helium[1] to other background gases. We also measured the collision shifts in the Hg-199(+) 40.5GHz clock transition in the same physical system. We find that frequency sensitivities to collisions with background gas for the two isotopes agree within a factor of two. We will also discuss planned collision shift measurements with co-trapped Hg-199(+) and Hg-201(+), as an important step towards a dual-isotope atomic clock. C1 [Yi, L.; Taghavi-Larigani, S.; Burt, E. A.; Tjoelker, R. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Yi, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lin.yi@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4577-1819-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BEJ76 UT WOS:000316994400118 ER PT S AU McCloskey, J Javor, K AF McCloskey, John Javor, Ken GP IEEE TI An Updated EMC Standard for NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) CY AUG 05-10, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE, Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, China Electrotechn Soc, Evaluat Engn (EE), ENR, Microwave Digest, Microwave Journal, RF Globalnet, SAFETY & EMC Magazine, In Compliance Magazine, ITEM Media, ETS LINDGREN, Keystone Compliance, Retlif Testing Labs, Andro Computat Solutions, LLC, MIDCOM, Wurth Elekt, Gauss Instruments GmbH AB At NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) requirements are defined in the General Environmental Verification Specification (GEVS), GSFC-STD-7000 [1]. These requirements were based on the requirements of MIL-STD-461C [2] and the test methods of MIL-STD-462 [3]. GEVS EMI requirements were reviewed and revised over a one year period by the GSFC Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Working Group, using MIL-STD-461F [4] as a starting point and incorporating appropriate tailoring to address the specific needs of GSFC platforms. This paper describes the results of that working group effort to update the EMI requirements in GEVS for GSFC platforms. C1 [McCloskey, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Javor, Ken] EMC Compliance, Huntsville, AL 35815 USA. RP McCloskey, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM John.C.McCloskey@nasa.gov; ken.javor@emccompliance.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4673-2060-3 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2012 BP 715 EP 720 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEJ75 UT WOS:000316991700130 ER PT S AU Jones, CE Bawden, G Deverel, S Dudas, J Hensley, S Yun, SH AF Jones, Cathleen E. Bawden, Gerald Deverel, Steven Dudas, Joel Hensley, Scott Yun, Sang-Ho BE Notarnicola, C Paloscia, S Pierdicca, N TI Study of movement and seepage along levees using DINSAR and the airborne UAVSAR instrument SO SAR IMAGE ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TECHNIQUES XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on SAR Image Analysis, Modeling and Techniques XII CY SEP 26-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE levees and dikes; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing; seepage detection; UAVSAR; Sacramento Delta AB We have studied the utility of high resolution synthetic aperture radar for levee monitoring using UAVSAR data collected over the dikes and levees in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and the lower Mississippi River. Our study has focused on detecting and tracking changes that are indicative of potential problem spots, namely deformation of the levees, subsidence along the levee toe, and seepage through the levees, making use of polarimetric and interferometric SAR techniques. Here we present some results of those studies, which show that high resolution, low noise SAR imaging could supplement more traditional ground-based monitoring methods by providing early indicators of seepage and deformation. C1 [Jones, Cathleen E.; Hensley, Scott; Yun, Sang-Ho] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bawden, Gerald] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Deverel, Steven] HydroFocus Inc, Davis, CA USA. [Dudas, Joel] Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Jones, CE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration. FX The UAVSAR data are courtesy of NASA/ JPL- Caltech ( http:// uavsar. jpl. nasa. gov or http:// www. asf. alaska. edu). We acknowledge the participation of NASA DEVELOP students Austin Madson, Kevin O'Connell, and Katrina Laygo in the Mississippi River flood study, made possible through funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research was conducted in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9276-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8536 AR 85360E DI 10.1117/12.976885 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BEK86 UT WOS:000317134300009 ER PT S AU Rebbapragada, U Brodley, CE Sulla-Menashe, D Friedl, MA AF Rebbapragada, Umaa Brodley, Carla E. Sulla-Menashe, Damien Friedl, Mark A. BE Zaki, MJ Siebes, A Yu, JX Goethals, B Webb, G Wu, X TI Active Label Correction SO 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING (ICDM 2012) SE IEEE International Conference on Data Mining LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) CY DEC 10-13, 2012 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc (CS), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), FWO, IBM, SAS, Yahoo, NASA, Biside, KNIME, Univ Antwerpen, Univ Libre Bruxelles (ULB) DE supervised learning; data cleaning; label noise; land cover classification AB Active Label Correction (ALC) is an interactive method that cleans an established training set of mislabeled examples in conjunction with a domain expert. ALC presumes that the expert who conducts this review is either more accurate than the original annotator or has access to additional resources that ensure a high quality label. A high-cost re-review is possible because ALC proceeds iteratively, scoring the full training set but selecting only small batches of examples that are likely mislabeled. The expert reviews each batch and corrects any mislabeled examples, after which the classifier is retrained and the process repeats until the expert terminates it. We compare several instantiations of ALC to fully-automated methods that attempt to discard or correct label noise in a single pass. Our empirical results show that ALC outperforms single-pass methods in terms of selection efficiency and classifier accuracy. We evaluate the best ALC instantiation on our motivating task of detecting mislabeled and poorly formulated sites within a land cover classification training set from the geography domain. C1 [Rebbapragada, Umaa] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Brodley, Carla E.] Tufts Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Medford, MA USA. [Sulla-Menashe, Damien; Friedl, Mark A.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA USA. RP Rebbapragada, U (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM urebbapr@jpl.nasa.gov; brodley@cs.tufts.edu; dsm@bu.edu; friedl@bu.edu OI Sulla-Menashe, Damien/0000-0002-0435-6114 FU NSF [IIS-0803409, IIS-0713259] FX The research described in this paper took place while Umaa Rebbapragada was a graduate student at Tufts University. Carla Brodley's and Umaa Rebbapragada's research was supported by NSF grants IIS-0803409 and IIS-0713259. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-4786 BN 978-1-4673-4649-8; 978-0-7695-4905-7 J9 IEEE DATA MINING PY 2012 BP 1080 EP 1085 DI 10.1109/ICDM.2012.162 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BEF30 UT WOS:000316383800128 ER PT B AU Nishimura, K Andrew, M Cao, Z Cooney, M Gorham, P Macchiarulo, L Ritter, L Romero-Wolf, A Varner, G AF Nishimura, Kurtis Andrew, Matthew Cao, Zhe Cooney, Michael Gorham, Peter Macchiarulo, Luca Ritter, Lisa Romero-Wolf, Andres Varner, Gary GP IEEE TI A Low-resolution, Gigasample-per-second Streaming Digitizer for a Correlation-based Trigger System SO 2012 18TH IEEE-NPSS REAL TIME CONFERENCE (RT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference (RT) CY JUN 09-15, 2012 CL Univ Calif, U S Dept Energy, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab (Berkelly Lab), Berkeley, CA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Univ Calif HO Univ Calif, U S Dept Energy, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab (Berkelly Lab) AB Searches for radio signatures of ultra-high energy neutrinos and cosmic rays could benefit from improved detection efficiency by using real-time beamforming or correlation triggering. For missions with power limitations, such as the ANITA-3 Antarctic balloon experiment, full speed high resolution digitization of incoming signals is not practical at the trigger level. To this end, the University of Hawaii has developed the Realtime Independent Three-bit Converter (RITC), a 3-channel, 3-bit, streaming analog-to-digital converter implemented in the IBM 0.13 mu m CMOS process. RITC is primarily designed to digitize broadband radio signals produced by the Askaryan effect, and thus targets an analog bandwidth of > 1 GHz, with a sample-and-hold architecture capable of storing up to 2.6 gigasamples-per-second. An array of flash analog-to-digital converters perform 3-bit conversion of sets of stored samples while acquisition continues elsewhere in the sampling array. A serial interface is provided to access an array of on-chip digital-to-analog converters that control the digitization thresholds for each channel as well as the overall sampling rate. Demultiplexed conversion outputs are read out simultaneously for each channel via a set of 36 LVDS links, each running at 650 Mb/s. We briefly describe the design architecture of RITC, and report preliminary results of performance characterization, including prospects for the use of this architecture as the analog half of a novel triggering system for the ANITA-3 ultra-high energy neutrino experiment. C1 [Nishimura, Kurtis; Andrew, Matthew; Cao, Zhe; Cooney, Michael; Gorham, Peter; Macchiarulo, Luca; Ritter, Lisa; Varner, Gary] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Romero-Wolf, Andres] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nishimura, K (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kur-tisn@phys.hawaii.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1082-6; 978-1-4673-1083-3 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEH30 UT WOS:000316572100071 ER PT S AU Bagheri, M Briggs, RM Frez, C Ksendzov, A Forouhar, S AF Bagheri, Mahmood Briggs, Ryan M. Frez, Clifford Ksendzov, Alexander Forouhar, Siamak GP IEEE TI Sub-kHz linewidth GaSb semiconductor diode lasers operating near 2 mu m SO 2012 23RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE (ISLC) SE IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC) CY OCT 07-10, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We report on the phase noise properties of DFB lasers operating near 2.0 mu m. Measured noise spectra indicate intrinsic linewidths below 1 kHz. Less than 200 kHz effective linewidth is estimated for 5 ms measurement time. C1 [Bagheri, Mahmood; Briggs, Ryan M.; Frez, Clifford; Ksendzov, Alexander; Forouhar, Siamak] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bagheri, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mahmood.bagheri@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2326-5442 BN 978-1-4577-0828-2 J9 IEEE INT SEMICONDUCT PY 2012 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BEJ09 UT WOS:000316820100011 ER PT S AU Bly, VT Hill, PC Hagopian, JG Strojny, CR Miller, TM AF Bly, Vincent T. Hill, Peter C. Hagopian, John G. Strojny, Carl R. Miller, Timothy M. BE Johnson, RB Mahajan, VN Thibault, S TI Light weight silicon mirrors for space instrumentation SO CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LENS DESIGN AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XIII CY AUG 13-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE silicon; single crystal silicon; silicon mirrors; lightweight mirrors; instrument mirrors; space instruments AB Each mirror produced by this NASA developed process is a monolithic structure from a single crystal of silicon. Due to single crystal silicon's extraordinary homogeneity and lack of internal stress, we light weight after optical polishing. Mirrors produced by our original process were about 1/4th the mass of an equivalent quartz mirror and were typically 1/50th wave or better. We have recently revised our process, replacing the isogrid structures with ones optimized to minimize distortion due to mounting errors. We have also switched from ultrasonic machining to CNC grinding to enable the production of larger mirrors. We report results to date for mirrors produced by the revised process and cryogenic test results for an ultrasonically light weighted mirror. C1 [Bly, Vincent T.; Hill, Peter C.; Hagopian, John G.; Strojny, Carl R.; Miller, Timothy M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bly, VT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM vince.bly@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9203-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8486 AR 84860P DI 10.1117/12.929818 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BEH85 UT WOS:000316635500020 ER PT B AU Madura, TI Gull, TR Groh, JH Owocki, SP Okazaki, A Hillier, DJ Russell, C AF Madura, Thomas I. Gull, Theodore R. Groh, Jose H. Owocki, Stanley P. Okazaki, Atsuo Hillier, D. John Russell, Christopher BE Drissen, L Robert, C StLouis, N Moffat, AFJ TI Multi-Wavelength Implications of the Companion Star in eta Carinae SO FOUR DECADES OF RESEARCH ON MASSIVE STARS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on 4 Decades of Research on Massive Stars in Honor of Anthony FJ Moffat CY JUL 11-15, 2011 CL Auberge Lac Taureau, St Michel des St, CANADA HO Auberge Lac Taureau ID WIND; EVENTS AB eta Carinae is considered to be a massive colliding wind binary system with a highly eccentric (e similar or equal to 0.9), 5.54-yr orbit. However, the companion star continues to evade direct detection as the primary dwarfs its emission at most wavelengths. Using three-dimensional SPH simulations of eta Car's colliding winds and radiative transfer codes, we are able to compute synthetic observables across multiple wavebands for comparison to the observations. The models show that the presence of a companion star has a profound influence on the observed HST/STIS UV spectrum and H alpha line profiles, as well as the ground-based photometric monitoring. Here, we focus on the bore-hole effect, wherein the fast wind from the hot secondary star carves a cavity in the dense primary wind, allowing increased escape of radiation from the hotter/deeper layers of the primary's extended wind photosphere. The results have important implications for interpretations of eta Car's observables at multiple wavelengths. C1 [Madura, Thomas I.; Groh, Jose H.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Gull, Theodore R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Russell, Christopher] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Okazaki, Atsuo] Hokkai Gakuen Univ, Fac Engn, Toyohira Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628605, Japan. [Hillier, D. John] Univ Pittsburg, Dept Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Madura, TI (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM tmadura@mpifr.de; owocki@bartol.udel.edu; hillier@pitt.edu; crussell@udel.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-812-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 465 BP 313 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEI58 UT WOS:000316716000056 ER PT B AU Hamaguchi, K Corcoran, MF AF Hamaguchi, Kenji Corcoran, Michael F. CA Eta Carinae Team BE Drissen, L Robert, C StLouis, N Moffat, AFJ TI Eclipse and Collapse of the Colliding Wind X-ray Emission from Eta Carinae SO FOUR DECADES OF RESEARCH ON MASSIVE STARS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on 4 Decades of Research on Massive Stars in Honor of Anthony FJ Moffat CY JUL 11-15, 2011 CL Auberge Lac Taureau, St Michel des St, CANADA HO Auberge Lac Taureau ID SPECTROSCOPIC EVENT; ACCRETION AB X-ray emission from the massive stellar binary system, eta Carinae, drops strongly around periastron passage. We launched a focused observing campaign in early 2009 to understand the mechanism, which causes the X-ray minimum. During the campaign, hard X-ray emission (< 10 keV) from eta Carinae declined as in the previous minimum, though it recovered a month earlier. Extremely hard X-ray emission between 15-25 keV, closely monitored for the first time with the Suzaku HXD/PIN, decreased similarly to the hard X-rays, but it reached minimum only after hard X-ray emission from the star had already began to recover. This indicates that the X-ray minimum is produced by two composite mechanisms: the thick primary wind first obscured the hard, 2-10 keV thermal X-ray emission from the wind-wind collision (WWC) plasma; the WWC activity then decays as the two stars reach periastron. C1 [Hamaguchi, Kenji; Corcoran, Michael F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hamaguchi, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Kenji.Hamaguchi@nasa.gov; Michael.F.Corcoran@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-812-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 465 BP 325 EP 329 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEI58 UT WOS:000316716000058 ER PT B AU Corcoran, MF AF Corcoran, Michael F. BE Drissen, L Robert, C StLouis, N Moffat, AFJ TI Acyclic High-Energy Variability in Eta Carinae and WR 140 SO FOUR DECADES OF RESEARCH ON MASSIVE STARS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on 4 Decades of Research on Massive Stars in Honor of Anthony FJ Moffat CY JUL 11-15, 2011 CL Auberge Lac Taureau, St Michel des St, CANADA HO Auberge Lac Taureau AB Eta Carinae and WR 140 are similar long-period colliding wind binaries in which X-ray emission is produced by a strong shock due to the collision of the powerful stellar winds. The change in the orientation and density of this shock as the stars revolve in their orbits influences the X-ray flux and spectrum in a phase dependent way. Monitoring observations with RXTE and other X-ray satellite observatories since the 1990s have detailed this variability but have also shown significant deviations from strict phase dependence (short-term brightness changes or "flares", and cycle-to-cycle average flux differences). We examine these acyclic variations in Eta Car and WR 140 and discuss what they tell us about the stability of the wind-wind collision shock. C1 NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Corcoran, MF (reprint author), NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Michael.F.Corcoran@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-812-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 465 BP 330 EP 335 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEI58 UT WOS:000316716000059 ER PT B AU Leyder, JC Walter, R Rauw, G AF Leyder, J. -C. Walter, R. Rauw, G. BE Drissen, L Robert, C StLouis, N Moffat, AFJ TI New INTEGRAL Observations of eta Carinae Close to Periastron SO FOUR DECADES OF RESEARCH ON MASSIVE STARS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on 4 Decades of Research on Massive Stars in Honor of Anthony FJ Moffat CY JUL 11-15, 2011 CL Auberge Lac Taureau, St Michel des St, CANADA HO Auberge Lac Taureau AB The soft X-ray thermal emission of eta Carinae varies strongly around the periastron, following the orbital period of 5.5 yr. We studied the hard X-ray non-thermal emission of eta Car using new INTEGRAL observations taken close to periastron. We showed that the hard X-ray emission is very likely to be associated with eta Car, and not with any other source found within the INTEGRAL error circle. We also showed that the 3-sigma detection during the soft X-ray minimum is consistent with a hydrogen column density that does not exceed 6 x 10(23) cm(-2). C1 [Leyder, J. -C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Leyder, J. -C.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Walter, R.] Univ Geneva, ISDC Data Ctr Astrophys, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Walter, R.] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneve, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Rauw, G.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. RP Leyder, JC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jc.leyder@student.ulg.ac.be NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-812-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 465 BP 354 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEI58 UT WOS:000316716000064 ER PT B AU Sana, H Lacour, S Le Bouquin, JB de Koter, A Moni-Bidin, C Muijres, L Schnurr, O Zinnecker, H AF Sana, H. Lacour, S. Le Bouquin, J. -B. de Koter, A. Moni-Bidin, C. Muijres, L. Schnurr, O. Zinnecker, H. BE Drissen, L Robert, C StLouis, N Moffat, AFJ TI Sparse Aperture Masking of Massive Stars SO FOUR DECADES OF RESEARCH ON MASSIVE STARS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on 4 Decades of Research on Massive Stars in Honor of Anthony FJ Moffat CY JUL 11-15, 2011 CL Auberge Lac Taureau, St Michel des St, CANADA HO Auberge Lac Taureau ID YOUNG OPEN CLUSTERS; BINARY FRACTION; MULTIPLICITY; SYSTEMS; NEBULA AB We present the earliest results of our NACO/VLT sparse aperture masking campaign on a sample of 60 O-type stars. We detect Delta Ks < 5 mag companions for 20-25% of our targets with separations in the range 30-100 mas (typically, 40-200 A.U.). Most of these companions were unknown, shedding thus new light on the multiplicity properties of the massive stars in a separation and brightness regime that has been difficult to explore so far. Adding detections from other techniques (spectroscopy, interferometry, speckle, lucky imaging, AO), the fraction of O stars with at least one companion is 85% (51/60 targets). This is the largest multiplicity fraction ever found. C1 [Sana, H.; de Koter, A.; Muijres, L.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Postbus 94249, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lacour, S.] Univ Paris Diderot, LESIA, CNRS, UPMC,Observ Paris,UMR 8109, Meudon, France. [Le Bouquin, J. -B.] CNRS INSU, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble IPAG, UJF Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France. [de Koter, A.] Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Moni-Bidin, C.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Astron, Concepcion, Chile. [Schnurr, O.] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP, Potsdam, Germany. [Zinnecker, H.] Deutsch SOFIA Inst, Stuttgart, Germany. [Zinnecker, H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Sana, H (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Postbus 94249, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM H.Sana@uva.nl; oschnurr@aip.de RI Sana, Hugues/B-2664-2013 OI Sana, Hugues/0000-0001-6656-4130 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-812-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 465 BP 363 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEI58 UT WOS:000316716000066 ER PT J AU Stepanyan, V Krishnakumar, K AF Stepanyan, Vahram Krishnakumar, Kalmanje GP IEEE TI Indirect M-MRAC for Systems with Time Varying Parameters and Bounded Disturbances SO 2012 IEEE MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL (2012 IEEE MSC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) Part of 6th IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems and Control (IEEE MSC) CY OCT 03-05, 2012 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS), IEEE Conf Control Applicat (CCA), IEEE Int Syposium Intelligent Control (ISIC) ID ADAPTIVE-CONTROL AB The paper presents a prediction-identification model based adaptive control method for uncertain systems with time varying parameters in the presence of bounded external disturbances. The method guarantees desired tracking performance for the system's state and input signals. This is achieved by feeding back the state prediction error to the identification model. It is shown that the desired closed-loop properties are obtained with fast adaptation when the error feedback gain is selected proportional to the square root of the adaptation rate. The theoretical findings are confirmed via a simulation example. C1 [Stepanyan, Vahram] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mission Crit Technol Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Krishnakumar, Kalmanje] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Stepanyan, V (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mission Crit Technol Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM vahram.stepanyan@nasa.gov; kalmanje.krishnakumar@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4600-9 J9 IEEE INT SYMP INTELL PY 2012 BP 1232 EP 1237 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BEH29 UT WOS:000316571900035 ER PT S AU Li, J Yu, G Lu, YJ Hsiung, C Hannon, A Kim, D Dennis, S AF Li, Jing Yu, George Lu, Yijiang Hsiung, Chang Hannon, Ami Kim, Daniel Dennis, Steve GP IEEE TI Nanotechnology Based Cell-All Phone-Sensors for Extended Network Chemical Sensing SO 2012 IEEE SENSORS PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Sensors Conference CY OCT 28-31, 2012 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, Sensors Council, Sensirion, Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Nanotechnol & Micro Syst Assoc (NMA), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tsinghua Univ, Natl Sci Council, Bur Foreign Trade, Ind Technol Res Inst, Dept Informat & Tourism, Meet Taiwan, Clean Energy Technol (Ce Tech), Phison Elect Corp (PHISON), Everlight, Tong Hsing Elect Ind, Ltd, Natl Ctr High-Performance Comp (NCHC), Natl Appl Res Labs, Minist Foreign Affairs, Natl Program Nano Technol (NPNT) DE Chemical sensor; Carbon nanotube; Network sensing AB The work presented here is a first ever complete intelligent network chemical sensing system with 1) a compact, low-cost, low-power, high-speed nanosensor array-based detector integrated with 2) a smartphone for detection of chemical threats and transmission of sensor data via cellphone communication system to 3) a network cloud for centralizing the chemical sensing information from 29 phone-sensors at different locations across the country. C1 [Li, Jing; Lu, Yijiang; Hsiung, Chang; Hannon, Ami; Kim, Daniel] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Yu, George] Variable Technol, LLC, Chattanooga, TN 37405 USA. [Dennis, Steve] US Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC 20528 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4577-1766-6; 978-1-4577-1765-9 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2012 BP 60 EP 63 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BDY72 UT WOS:000315671100015 ER PT S AU Min, H Hatipoglu, G Tadigadapa, S Tigelaar, DM AF Min, Hwall Hatipoglu, Gokhan Tadigadapa, Srinivas Tigelaar, Dean M. GP IEEE TI Application of Ionic Liquid doped Ionomers for Organic Vapor Sensing SO 2012 IEEE SENSORS PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Sensors Conference CY OCT 28-31, 2012 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, Sensors Council, Sensirion, Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Nanotechnol & Micro Syst Assoc (NMA), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tsinghua Univ, Natl Sci Council, Bur Foreign Trade, Ind Technol Res Inst, Dept Informat & Tourism, Meet Taiwan, Clean Energy Technol (Ce Tech), Phison Elect Corp (PHISON), Everlight, Tong Hsing Elect Ind, Ltd, Natl Ctr High-Performance Comp (NCHC), Natl Appl Res Labs, Minist Foreign Affairs, Natl Program Nano Technol (NPNT) AB In this work we explore the use of room temperature ionic liquid doped ionomers as the sensing material for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Pixels of a monolithic, micromachined quartz crystal resonator (mu QCR) array were functionalized using a sulfonated, aromatic, high thermal stability polymer as a template which is able to contain high amount of ionic liquids (up to 200 wt %). Ionic liquid: [C(4)mim][BF4] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroburate) was used as the detection material. Exposure to VOCs results in mass loading and changes in the viscoelastic properties of the ionomer and manifests as changes in the frequency and phase of the quartz resonators. C1 [Min, Hwall; Hatipoglu, Gokhan; Tadigadapa, Srinivas] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tigelaar, Dean M.] Ohio Space Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. [Tigelaar, Dean M.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Min, H (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hum113@psu.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4577-1766-6; 978-1-4577-1765-9 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2012 BP 2003 EP 2006 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BDY72 UT WOS:000315671100478 ER PT S AU Koehn, JD Eiler, JH McKenzie, JA O'Connor, WG AF Koehn, John D. Eiler, John H. McKenzie, John A. O'Connor, William G. BE McKenzie, JR Parsons, B Seitz, AC Kopf, RK Mesa, MG Phelps, Q TI An Improved Method for Obtaining Fine-Scale Location of Radio Tags when Tracking by Boat SO ADVANCES IN FISH TAGGING AND MARKING TECHNOLOGY SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Univ Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Minist Fisheries, Fisheries Victoria, New S Wales DPI, Univ Tasmania & Sonar Data Ltd, Murray Darl Basin Commiss, US Geol Survey, S Australian R&D Inst, NW Marine Technol, Hallprint & ENSID Ltd, AFS Int Fisheries Sect, Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd HO Univ Auckland ID MACCULLOCHELLA-PEELII-PEELII; HABITAT SELECTION; RADIOTELEMETRY; COD; FISHES; ERROR AB This study describes an improved method that decreases tracking time but increases accuracy and precision for the fine-scale location of radio tags by reducing the receiving antenna efficiency. Test tags (48-49 MHz) were hidden in a lowland river and independently located by boat tracking using both the antenna reduction method and standard triangulation techniques. The antenna reduction method was found to be faster and more accurate, locating transmitters to within 0.19 +/- 0.13 m (mean +/- SE) of their actual location (error range 0-1.50 m) compared to 19.53 +/- 4.81 m (error range 0-70.00 m) using triangulation. This simple approach can be applied to a wide range of radio telemetry studies and avoids many of the major sources of location error associated with triangulation including minimising the distance between the transmitter and receiver and avoiding the potential need for mapping. C1 [Koehn, John D.; McKenzie, John A.] Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, 123 Brown St, Heidelberg, Vic 3084, Australia. [Eiler, John H.] Auke Bay Labs Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [McKenzie, John A.] Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, Heidelberg 3084, Australia. [O'Connor, William G.] Biodivers & Ecosystem Serv, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. RP Koehn, JD (reprint author), Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, 123 Brown St, Heidelberg, Vic 3084, Australia. EM John.Koehn@dse.vic.gov.au FU Murray-Darling Basin Commission; Depai tment of Sustainability and Environment; Victoria FX The authors- thank Damien O'Mahony, Justin O'Connor and Pat O'Leary who assisted with the trials and others who assisted the Murray cod radio tracking project. This work was funded by the Murray-Darling Basin Commission and Depai tment of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria. Advice on statistics was provided by Dave Ramsey and valuable comments on manuscript drafts were kindly provided by Matt Jones, Jed MacDonald and the two anonymous reviewers. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-27-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2012 VL 76 BP 379 EP + PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BEA92 UT WOS:000315932900024 ER PT B AU Kohli, R Mittal, K AF Kohli, Rajiv Mittal, Kash BE Kohli, R Mittal, KL TI Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning Volume Four Detection, Characterization, and Analysis of Contaminants Preface SO DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE CONTAMINATION AND CLEANING, VOL 4: DETECTION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANALYSIS OF CONTAMINANTS SE Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Kohli, Rajiv] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7884-7 J9 DEV SURF CONTAM CL PY 2012 VL 4 BP VII EP IX PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Microscopy GA BEF12 UT WOS:000316364300001 ER PT B AU Kohli, R AF Kohli, Rajiv BE Kohli, R Mittal, KL TI Methods for Monitoring and Measuring Cleanliness of Surfaces SO DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE CONTAMINATION AND CLEANING, VOL 4: DETECTION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANALYSIS OF CONTAMINANTS SE Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTER; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RADIOACTIVE-TRACER; LASER-ABLATION; MAGNETIC CALORIMETERS; CLEANING VALIDATION C1 NASA, Aerosp Corp, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kohli, R (reprint author), NASA, Aerosp Corp, Johnson Space Ctr, 2525 Bay Area Blvd,Suite 600, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 302 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7884-7; 978-1-4377-7883-0 J9 DEV SURF CONTAM CL PY 2012 VL 4 BP 107 EP 178 DI 10.1016/B978-1-4377-7883-0.00003-1 PG 72 WC Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Microscopy GA BEF12 UT WOS:000316364300004 ER PT J AU Singh, G Swan, JE Jones, JA Ellis, SR AF Singh, Gurjot Swan, J. Edward, II Jones, J. Adam Ellis, Stephen R. BE Coquillart, S Feiner, S Kiyokawa, K TI Depth Judgments by Reaching and Matching in Near-Field Augmented Reality SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY CONFERENCE 2012 PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Virtual Reality Conference CY MAR 04-08, 2012 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm DE depth perception; augmented reality; optical see-through display; x-ray vision ID DISTANCE PERCEPTION AB In this abstract we describe an experiment that measured depth judgments in optical see-through augmented reality (AR) at near-field reaching distances of similar to 24 to similar to 56 cm. The 2 x 2 experiment crossed two depth judgment tasks, perceptual matching and blind reaching, with two different environments, a real-world environment and an augmented reality environment. We designed a task that used a direct reaching gesture at constant percentages of each participant's maximum reach; our task was inspired by previous work by Tresilian and Mon-Williams [6] that found very accurate blind reaching results in a real-world environment. C1 [Singh, Gurjot; Swan, J. Edward, II; Jones, J. Adam] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Jones, J. Adam; Ellis, Stephen R.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM singhgurjot3@gmail.com; swan@acm.org; jadamj@acm.org; stephen.r.ellis@nasa.gov FU National Science Foundation [IIS- 0713609, IIS- 1018413] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation, under awards IIS- 0713609 and IIS- 1018413. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1246-2 PY 2012 BP 165 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BEJ84 UT WOS:000317006300071 ER PT S AU Khoshakhlagh, A Ting, DZ Hoglund, L Soibel, A Rafol, SB Nguyen, J Keo, SA Mumolo, J Liu, J Gunapala, SD AF Khoshakhlagh, A. Ting, D. Z. Hoeglund, L. Soibel, A. Rafol, S. B. Nguyen, J. Keo, S. A. Mumolo, J. Liu, J. Gunapala, S. D. BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, PS DSouza, AI TI Type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice detectors based on CBIRD design SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 14-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Unipolar barrier; heterostructure; infrared; photodetector; superlattice; long-wave ID GASB AB The closely lattice-matched material system of InAs, GaSb, and AlSb, commonly referred to as the 6.1 angstrom material system, enables many unique approaches for producing high performance infrared detectors. The flexibility of the materials system allows for superlattice structures that can be tailored to have cutoff wavelengths ranging from the short wave infrared to the very long wave infrared. The type-II superlattice design promises high optical properties due to normal incidence absorption, high uniformity, low tunneling currents, and suppressed Auger recombination. The antimonide material system also allows for the design of high performance barrier structures. In particular, unipolar barriers, which blocks one carrier type without impeding the flow of the other, have been implemented in the design of SL photodetectors to realize complex heterodiodes with improved performance. Here we report on growth and device performance of infrared photodetectors based on type II InAs/Ga(In)Sb strain layer superlattices (SLs) using the complementary barrier infrared detector (CBIRD) design. C1 [Khoshakhlagh, A.; Ting, D. Z.; Hoeglund, L.; Soibel, A.; Rafol, S. B.; Nguyen, J.; Keo, S. A.; Mumolo, J.; Liu, J.; Gunapala, S. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Khoshakhlagh, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9229-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8512 AR 85120I DI 10.1117/12.930290 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEH87 UT WOS:000316636700011 ER PT S AU Larar, AM Zhou, DK Liu, X Smith, WL AF Larar, Allen M. Zhou, Daniel K. Liu, Xu Smith, William L. BE Larar, AM Chung, HS Suzuki, M Wang, JY TI Atmospheric sounding information obtainable from present-day advanced infrared systems SO MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY, TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Remote Sensing Technology, Techniques and Applications IV CY OCT 30-31, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut and Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat and Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE Remote sensing; advanced sounders; information content; AIRS; IASI; CrIS ID DISTRIBUTIONS; MISSION AB The current day set of advanced atmospheric sounders began with the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA EOS Aqua satellite in orbit since 2002, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) aboard MetOp-A since 2006, and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) instrument aboard the Suomi NPP and JPSS series of satellites which began 28 October 2011. These ultra-spectral infrared satellite sensors provide global measurements for improving monitoring and predictive capability of the Earth-atmosphere system, enabling enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring, and environmental change detection. This presentation examines the thermodynamic state and trace species information obtainable from these satellite systems possessing different measurement and instrument characteristics. C1 [Larar, Allen M.; Zhou, Daniel K.; Liu, Xu] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Smith, William L.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA USA. [Smith, William L.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. RP Larar, AM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM Allen.M.Larar@nasa.gov FU NASA/NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed (NAST) FX The authors wish to acknowledge Drs. J. Kaye (NASA SMD) and M. Goldberg (NOAA NESDIS/ JPSS) for their continued, enabling support of the NASA/NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed (NAST) program. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9266-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8527 AR 852706 DI 10.1117/12.979921 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEI19 UT WOS:000316682300002 ER PT S AU Pagano, TS Broberg, S Aumann, HH Elliott, D Manning, E Strow, L AF Pagano, Thomas S. Broberg, Steve Aumann, Hartmut H. Elliott, Denis Manning, Evan Strow, Larrabee BE Larar, AM Chung, HS Suzuki, M Wang, JY TI Performance Status of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Ten Years after Launch SO MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY, TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Remote Sensing Technology, Techniques and Applications IV CY OCT 30-31, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut and Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat and Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE EOS; AIRS; infrared; sounder; calibration AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is a hyperspectral infrared instrument on the EOS Aqua Spacecraft, launched on May 4, 2002. AIRS has 2378 infrared channels ranging from 3.7 mu m to 15.4 mu m and a 13.5 km footprint at nadir. The AIRS is a "facility" instrument developed by NASA as an experimental demonstration of advanced technology for remote sensing and the benefits of high resolution infrared spectra to science investigations. AIRS, in conjunction with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), produces temperature profiles with 1K/km accuracy on a global scale, as well as water vapor profiles and trace gas amounts for CO2, CO, SO2, O-3 and CH4. AIRS data are used for weather forecasting, climate process studies and validating climate models. The AIRS instrument has far exceeded its required design life of 5 years, with over 10 years of operations as of September 2012. While the instrument has performed exceptionally well, with little signs of wear, the AIRS Project continues to monitor and maintain the health of AIRS, characterize its behavior and improve performance where possible. Radiometric stability has been monitored and trending shows better than 16 mK/year stability. Spectral calibration stability is better than 1 ppm/year, and a new gain table was recently uploaded to recover 100 significantly degraded or dead channels by switching to their redundant counterpart. At this time we expect the AIRS to continue to perform well for the next decade. C1 [Pagano, Thomas S.; Broberg, Steve; Aumann, Hartmut H.; Elliott, Denis; Manning, Evan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Strow, Larrabee] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty UMBC, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tpagano@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9266-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8527 AR 852703 DI 10.1117/12.977309 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEI19 UT WOS:000316682300001 ER PT S AU Durden, SL Tanelli, S Im, E AF Durden, Stephen L. Tanelli, Simone Im, Eastwood BE Hayasaka, T Nakamura, K Im, E TI Recent Observations of Clouds and Precipitation by the Airborne Precipitation Radar 2nd Generation in support of the GPM and ACE Missions SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation IV CY OCT 29-31, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut and Space Adm (NASA), Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Inst Informat and Commun Technol DE APR-2; precipitation; radar; GPM; ACE; GCPEX; snow ID CROSS-SECTIONS; OCEAN; MODEL; BACKSCATTER; BAND; SEA AB The Ku-/Ka-band, Doppler, scanning, polarimetric airborne radar, known as the Airborne Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (APR-2) has been collecting data since 2001 in support of many spaceborne instruments and missions aiming at the observation of clouds and precipitation (e.g., TRMM, AMSR-E, GPM, CloudSat, ACE). The APR-2 suite of processing and retrieval algorithms (ASPRA) produces Level 1 (L1) products, microphysical classification and retrievals, and wind intensity estimates. ASPRA was also generalized to operate on an arbitrary set of radar configuration parameters to study the expected performance of multi-frequency spaceborne cloud and precipitation radars such as the GPM DPR (Global Precipitation Measurement mission, Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar) and a notional radar for the Aerosol/Clouds/Ecosystem (ACE) mission. In this paper we illustrate the unique dataset collected during the Global Precipitation Measurement Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx, US/Canada Jan/Feb 2012). We will focus on the significance of these observations for the development of algorithms for GPM and ACE, with particular attention to classification and retrievals of frozen and mixed phase hydrometeors. C1 [Durden, Stephen L.; Tanelli, Simone; Im, Eastwood] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Durden, SL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sdurden@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9262-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8523 AR 85230M DI 10.1117/12.977574 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEI03 UT WOS:000316661900010 ER PT S AU Nakajima, TY Nagao, TM Letu, H Ishida, H Suzuki, K AF Nakajima, Takashi Y. Nagao, Takashi M. Letu, Husi Ishida, Haruma Suzuki, Kentaroh BE Hayasaka, T Nakamura, K Im, E TI On the cloud observations in JAXA's next coming satellite missions SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation IV CY OCT 29-31, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol DE GCOM-C; EarthCARE; Cloud; Aerosol; Satellite Remote Sensing; Climate Change ID DROPLET GROWTH AB The use of JAXA's next generation satellites, the EarthCARE and the GCOM-C, for observing overall cloud systems on the Earth is discussed. The satellites will be launched in the middle of 2010-era and contribute for observing aerosols and clouds in terms of climate change, environment, weather forecasting, and cloud revolution process study. This paper describes the role of such satellites and how to use the observing data showing concepts and some sample viewgraphs. Synergistic use of sensors is a key of the study. Visible to infrared bands are used for cloudy and clear discriminating from passively obtained satellite images. Cloud properties such as the cloud optical thickness, the effective particle radii, and the cloud top temperature will be retrieved from visible to infrared wavelengths of imagers. Additionally, we are going to combine cloud properties obtained from passive imagers and radar reflectivities obtained from an active radar in order to improve our understanding of cloud evolution process. This is one of the new techniques of satellite data analysis in terms of cloud sciences in the next decade. Since the climate change and cloud process study have mutual beneficial relationship, a multispectral wide-swath imagers like the GCOM-C SGLI and a comprehensive observation package of cloud and aerosol like the EarthCARE are both necessary. C1 [Nakajima, Takashi Y.; Nagao, Takashi M.; Letu, Husi] Tokai Univ, Res & Informat Ctr TRIC, Shibuya Ku, 2-28-4 Tomigaya, Tokyo 1510063, Japan. [Ishida, Haruma] Yamaguchi Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558611, Japan. [Suzuki, Kentaroh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nakajima, TY (reprint author), Tokai Univ, Res & Informat Ctr TRIC, Shibuya Ku, 2-28-4 Tomigaya, Tokyo 1510063, Japan. RI Suzuki, Kentaroh/C-3624-2011 FU JAXA GCOM- C and EarthCARE; NASA [NNX07AR11G, NAS5-99237]; Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan [18684025, 22340133] FX This research was supported by JAXA GCOM- C and EarthCARE project, partly funded NASA Contracts NNX07AR11G and NAS5-99237, and supported by Grant-in-Aid # 18684025 and # 22340133 provided by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9262-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8523 AR 852316 DI 10.1117/12.977250 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEI03 UT WOS:000316661900019 ER PT S AU Nakata, M Mukai, S Sano, I Nakaguchi, Y Holben, BN Sugimoto, N AF Nakata, M. Mukai, S. Sano, I. Nakaguchi, Y. Holben, B. N. Sugimoto, N. BE Hayasaka, T Nakamura, K Im, E TI DRAGON-Osaka experiment with local pollutants and long-range transported Asian aerosols SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation IV CY OCT 29-31, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol DE AERONET; PM; LIDAR; SEM/EDX; air quality AB It is known that local spatially and temporally resolved measurements of atmospheric aerosols in Asian urban city are meaningful since the aerosol distribution in East-Asia is complicated due to the increasing emissions of anthropogenic aerosols in association with economic growth and natural dust significantly varies with the seasons. In this work, we intend to show the spatial and temporal variation of atmospheric aerosols in East Asia, especially around AERONET/Osaka site and Dragon-Asia period, named "DRAGON-Osaka". AERONET (Aerosol Robotics Network) Osaka site was established in 2002 in the campus of Kinki University. Nowadays, LIDAR, PM2.5 / (10) measurements and others are available. The site data are useful for algorithm development of aerosol retrieval over busy city. However, human activities in this region also emit the huge amount of pollutions, thus it is needed to investigate the local distribution of aerosols in this region. In March 2012, to obtain maximum efficiency of DRAGON-Osaka, several Cimels are deployed at more sites as soon as possible. In order to investigate change of aerosol properties, PM-individual analysis is made with scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). A componential analysis presents temporal variation of aerosol properties. C1 [Nakata, M.; Mukai, S.; Sano, I.; Nakaguchi, Y.] Kinki Univ, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 5778502, Japan. [Holben, B. N.] NASA GSFC, Washington, DC USA. [Sugimoto, N.] NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. RP Nakata, M (reprint author), Kinki Univ, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 5778502, Japan. EM nakata@socio.kindai.ac.jp RI Sugimoto, Nobuo/C-5189-2015 OI Sugimoto, Nobuo/0000-0002-0545-1316 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9262-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8523 AR 85231L DI 10.1117/12.977576 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEI03 UT WOS:000316661900029 ER PT S AU Sano, I Mukai, S Holben, BN Nakata, M Yonemitsu, M Sugimoto, N Fujito, T Hiraki, T Iguchi, N Kozai, K Kuji, M Muramatsu, K Okada, Y Okada, Y Sadanaga, Y Tohno, S Toyazaki, Y Yamamoto, K AF Sano, I. Mukai, S. Holben, B. N. Nakata, M. Yonemitsu, M. Sugimoto, N. Fujito, T. Hiraki, T. Iguchi, N. Kozai, K. Kuji, M. Muramatsu, K. Okada, Y. Okada, Y. Sadanaga, Y. Tohno, S. Toyazaki, Y. Yamamoto, K. BE Hayasaka, T Nakamura, K Im, E TI DRAGON-West Japan campaign in 2012: Regional aerosol measurements over Osaka SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation IV CY OCT 29-31, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol DE Aerosols; AOT; DRAGON; AERONET ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; QUALITY; AERONET AB It is known that the aerosol distribution in Asia is complicated due to the increasing emissions of anthropogenic aerosols in association with economic growth and natural dust significantly varied with the seasons. Therefore it is clear that local spatially and temporally resolved measurements of atmospheric aerosols in Asian urban city are necessary. Since Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, and Nara are located in very close each others (all cities are included in around 70x70 km(2) area). The population of the region is around 13 millions including neighbor prefectures, accordingly air quality in this region is slightly bad in comparison with the remote area. Furthermore, in recent years, Asian dusts and anthropogenic small particles some times transported from China and cover these cities throughout year. DRAGON (Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Network) is a project of dense sun/sky radiometer network in the urban area. The DRAGON-West Japan field campaign was performed over Osaka and neighbor cities with 7 AERONET instruments from March to end of May in 2012. As results, DRAGON measurements indicate small differences among the values of AOT over Osaka region. C1 [Sano, I.; Mukai, S.; Nakata, M.; Yonemitsu, M.; Fujito, T.; Iguchi, N.] Kinki Univ, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577, Japan. [Holben, B. N.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Sugimoto, N.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Hiraki, T.] Hyogo Pref Inst Environm Sci, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Kozai, K.] Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Kuji, M.; Muramatsu, K.] Nara Womens Univ, Nara, Japan. [Okada, Y.] Kansai Univ, Suita, Osaka, Japan. [Toyazaki, Y.] Kimoto Elect Co Ltd, Osaka, Japan. [Sadanaga, Y.] Osaka Pref Univ, Sakai, Osaka, Japan. [Yamamoto, K.] Kyoto Univ, Y Kyoto 6068501, Japan. RP Sano, I (reprint author), Kinki Univ, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577, Japan. RI Sugimoto, Nobuo/C-5189-2015 OI Sugimoto, Nobuo/0000-0002-0545-1316 FU Global Change Observation Mission - 1st Climate ( GCOM- C1) project [JX- PSPC- 308878]; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [23120708] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge NASA AERONET team for supporting field deployment of instruments, maintain, and data processing. This research was supported by Global Change Observation Mission - 1st Climate ( GCOM- C1) project ( JX- PSPC- 308878) by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA), and in part by a Grant- in- Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ( no. 23120708). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9262-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8523 AR 85231M DI 10.1117/12.977615 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEI03 UT WOS:000316661900030 ER PT S AU Shaw, JA Nugent, PW Pust, NJ Redman, BJ Piazzolla, S AF Shaw, Joseph A. Nugent, Paul W. Pust, Nathan J. Redman, Brian J. Piazzolla, Sabino BE Hayasaka, T Nakamura, K Im, E TI Cloud optical depth measured with ground-based, uncooled infrared imagers SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation IV CY OCT 29-31, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol DE cloud optical depth; infrared imaging; remote sensing ID CIRRUS; LIDAR AB Recent advances in uncooled, low-cost, long-wave infrared imagers provide excellent opportunities for remotely deployed ground-based remote sensing systems. However, the use of these imagers in demanding atmospheric sensing applications requires that careful attention be paid to characterizing and calibrating the system. We have developed and are using several versions of the ground-based "Infrared Cloud Imager (ICI)" instrument to measure spatial and temporal statistics of clouds and cloud optical depth or attenuation for both climate research and Earth-space optical communications path characterization. In this paper we summarize the ICI instruments and calibration methodology, then show ICI-derived cloud optical depths that are validated using a dual-polarization cloud lidar system for thin clouds (optical depth of approximately 4 or less). C1 [Shaw, Joseph A.; Nugent, Paul W.; Pust, Nathan J.; Redman, Brian J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Piazzolla, Sabino] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shaw, JA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9262-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8523 AR 85231D DI 10.1117/12.981294 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEI03 UT WOS:000316661900023 ER PT S AU Sugita, T Kasai, Y Terao, Y Hayashida, S Manney, GL Daffer, WH Sagawa, H Suzuki, M Shiotani, M AF Sugita, T. Kasai, Y. Terao, Y. Hayashida, S. Manney, G. L. Daffer, W. H. Sagawa, H. Suzuki, M. Shiotani, M. BE Hayasaka, T Nakamura, K Im, E TI HCl/Cly ratios just before the breakup of the Antarctic vortex as observed by SMILES/MLS/ACE-FTS SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation IV CY OCT 29-31, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol DE SMILES; JEM; ISS; MLS; ACE-FTS; HCl; ClO; Cly; polar vortex ID POLAR VORTEX; CHLORINE; HCL; ALGORITHMS; TRANSPORT; MCMURDO; MODEL; UARS; MLS AB The International Space Station/Japanese Exposure Module (ISS/JEM) borne instrument, the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES), has successfully measured chemical species in the middle atmosphere between October 2009 and April 2010. We focus on inorganic chlorine species measured inside the late spring Antarctic vortex, when hydrogen chloride (HCl) was a main component of the total inorganic chlorine (Cly). Comparisons with other satellite instruments, the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS), are also presented to show the SMILES HCl and chlorine monoxide (ClO) data quality. C1 [Sugita, T.; Terao, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Kasai, Y.; Sagawa, H.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Hayashida, S.] Nara Womens Univ, Nara 6308506, Japan. [Manney, G. L.] North West Res Assoc Inc, Socorro, NM USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM USA. [Daffer, W. H.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Suzuki, M.] Japan Aersp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Shiotani, M.] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Kyoto 611011, Japan. RP Sugita, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. EM tsugita@nies.go.jp RI Terao, Yukio/A-2099-2008; OI Terao, Yukio/0000-0003-2345-7073; Sugita, Takafumi/0000-0002-0508-7040 FU Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA); National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT); Canadian Space Agency ( CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council ( NSERC) of Canada; NICT Science Cloud; JEM/ SMILES Research Announcement FX The JEM/ SMILES mission is a joint project of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA) and the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT). We thank the JEM/ SMILES mission team and the related members before. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL), California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA). The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment ( ACE), also known as SCISAT- 1 is a Canadian- led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency ( CSA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council ( NSERC) of Canada. For version 3 data of ACE- FTS, we thank the ACE team ( Peter Bernath, Kaley A. Walker, Chris Boone and Sean D. McLeod) for providing them to us. This work was partly done by using resources of the OneSpaceNet in the NICT Science Cloud. This work was performed as one of approved themes under the JEM/ SMILES Research Announcement. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9262-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8523 AR 85231K DI 10.1117/12.975667 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEI03 UT WOS:000316661900028 ER PT S AU Tanelli, S Sacco, GF Durden, SL Haddad, ZS AF Tanelli, Simone Sacco, Gian Franco Durden, Stephen L. Haddad, Ziad S. BE Hayasaka, T Nakamura, K Im, E TI Impact of non-uniform beam filling on spaceborne cloud and precipitation radar retrieval algorithms SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation IV CY OCT 29-31, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut and Space Adm (NASA), Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Inst Informat and Commun Technol DE GPM; ACE; NUBF; SRT ID SURFACE REFERENCE TECHNIQUE; PROFILING ALGORITHM; RAIN AB In this presentation we will discuss the performance of classification and retrieval algorithms for spaceborne cloud and precipitation radars such as the Global Precipitation Measurement mission [1] Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM/DPR) [2], and notional radar for the Aerosol/Clouds/Ecosystem (ACE) [1] mission and related concepts. Spaceborne radar measurements are simulated either from Airborne Precipitation Radar 2nd Generation (APR-2, [3]) observations, or from atmospheric model outputs via instrument simulators contained in the NASA Earth Observing Systems Simulators Suite (NEOS3). Both methods account for the three dimensional nature of the scattering field at resolutions smaller than that of the spaceborne radar under consideration. We will focus on the impact of non-homogeneities of the field of hydrometeors within the beam. We will discuss also the performance of methods to identify and mitigate such conditions, and the resulting improvements in retrieval accuracy. The classification and retrieval algorithms analyzed in this study are those derived from APR-2's Suite of Processing and Retrieval Algorithms (ASPRA); here generalized to operate on an arbitrary set of radar configuration parameters to study the expected performance of spaceborne cloud and precipitation radars. The presentation will highlight which findings extend to other algorithm families and which ones do not. C1 [Tanelli, Simone; Sacco, Gian Franco; Durden, Stephen L.; Haddad, Ziad S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tanelli, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9262-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8523 AR 852308 DI 10.1117/12.977375 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BEI03 UT WOS:000316661900003 ER PT B AU Howard, M Crout, RL Toll, RF AF Howard, Matthew Crout, Richard L. Toll, Raymond F., Jr. GP IEEE TI US IOOS Program Office Quality Assurance of Real-Time Ocean Data Project SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE IOOS; QARTOD; quality control; certification criteria AB The Quality Assurance of Real-Time Ocean Data (QARTOD) Project is an activity of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Program Office designed to establish and document the minimum quality control and quality assurance procedures a non-federal Regional Information Coordination Entity must perform to meet certification criteria. Regional entities like the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System Regional Association, and others, expect to benefit from certification by gaining federal protection from civil liability associated with dissemination and use of IOOS data and by becoming eligible to compete for future funding opportunities which may require certification. More importantly, these procedures will help ensure that only valid qualified data are inserted into and redistributed by the national data system. C1 [Howard, Matthew] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Crout, Richard L.] Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Toll, Raymond F., Jr.] SAIC, Virginia Beach, VA USA. RP Howard, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300095 ER PT B AU Jasiobedzki, P Lim, D Lim, D AF Jasiobedzki, Piotr Dimas, Chris F. Lim, Darlene GP IEEE TI UNDERWATER 3D MODELLING AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC LIFE DETECTION SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc DE underwater stereo cameras; 3D modeling; chlorophyll fluorescence detection; microbialites; analog planetary research ID STROMATOLITES; ISOTOPES; IMAGE; WATER; LAKE AB Automatic detection of photosynthetic life underwater when combined with photorealistic 3D models of observed sites offers a powerful tool for scientific investigations. This paper describes underwater Scene Modeler (uSM) and presents results of experiments in mapping and modelling microbialites colonies conducted as part of the Pavilion Lake Research Project (PLRP). uSM can be also used for monitoring health of marine plants, such as coral and algae, and inspection of underwater structures. C1 [Jasiobedzki, Piotr; Dimas, Chris F.] MDA Space Miss, Brampton, ON L6S 4J3, Canada. [Lim, Darlene] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Jasiobedzki, P (reprint author), MDA Space Miss, Brampton, ON L6S 4J3, Canada. EM Piotr.jasiobedzki@mdacorporation.com NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300005 ER PT B AU McCarter, B Briggs, R Portner, S Stilwell, D Neu, W Coe, R Duelley, R Malley, D Mims, J AF McCarter, Brian Briggs, Robert Portner, Stephen Stilwell, Dan Neu, Wayne Coe, Ryan Duelley, Richard Malley, Dexter Mims, Jason GP IEEE TI Design and Testing of a Self-Mooring AUV SO 2012 OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Virginia Beach, VA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The Virginia Tech Self-Mooring AUV is capable of mooring itself on the seafloor. Its principal mission is to deploy bottom-mounted sensors without the need for a support ship to visit the mooring location. The mooring concept was previously demonstrated using a small-scale prototype. It has, more recently, been transitioned to a full-scale system and successfully demonstrated in the field. In this paper, we document the design of the full-scale vehicle and present results from field trials. C1 [McCarter, Brian; Stilwell, Dan] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Briggs, Robert; Portner, Stephen; Neu, Wayne; Coe, Ryan; Duelley, Richard] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Malley, Dexter; Mims, Jason] Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP McCarter, B (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mccarter@vt.edu; rcbriggs@vt.edu; sportner@vt.edu; stilwell@vt.edu; neu@vt.edu; ryancoe@vt.edu; nifty@vt.edu; dexter.malley@navy.mil; jason.mims1@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0829-8; 978-1-4673-0830-4 PY 2012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDW56 UT WOS:000315350300267 ER PT S AU Jacobson, NS Harder, BJ Myers, DL AF Jacobson, N. S. Harder, B. J. Myers, D. L. BE Shifler, DA TI Hysteresis in the Active Oxidation of SiC SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY 9 - A SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF PROFESSOR ROBERT A. RAPP SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry 9 in Honor of Robert A. Rapp at the 220th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 09-14, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), High Temp Mat, Corros ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; SILICON AB Si and SiC show both passive oxidation behavior where a protective film of SiO2 forms and active oxidation behavior where a volatile suboxide SiO(g) forms. The active-to-passive and passive-to-active oxidation transitions are explored for both Si and SiC. Si shows a dramatic difference between the P(O-2) for the two transitions of similar to 10(-4) bar. The active-to-passive transition is controlled by the condition for SiO2/Si equilibrium and the passive-to-active transition is controlled by the decomposition of SiO2. In the case of SiC, the P(O-2) for these transitions are much closer. The active-to-passive transition appears to be controlled by the condition for SiO2/SiC equilibrium. The passive-to-active transition appears to be controlled by the interfacial reaction of SiC and SiO2 and subsequent generation of gases at the interface which leads to scale breakdown. C1 [Jacobson, N. S.; Harder, B. J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Myers, D. L.] East Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Jacobson, NS (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-343-8; 978-1-56677-984-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 41 IS 42 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1149/1.4718003 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BEB84 UT WOS:000316021500009 ER PT S AU Smialek, JL AF Smialek, J. L. BE Shifler, DA TI Issues Concerning the Oxidation of Ni(Pt)Ti Shape Memory Alloys SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY 9 - A SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF PROFESSOR ROBERT A. RAPP SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry 9 in Honor of Robert A. Rapp at the 220th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 09-14, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), High Temperature Mat, Corros ID TEMPERATURES; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS AB The oxidation behavior of the Ni-30Pt-50Ti high temperature shape memory alloy is compared to that of conventional NiTi nitinol SMAs. The oxidation rates were similar to 1/4 those of NiTi under identical conditions. Ni-Ti-X SMAs are dominated by TiO2 scales, but, in some cases, the activation energy diverges for unexplained reasons. Typically, islands of metallic Ni or Pt( Ni) particles are embedded in lower scale layers due to rapid selective growth of TiO2 and low oxygen potential within the scale. The blocking effect of Pt-rich particles and lower diffusivity of Pt-rich depletion zones are proposed to account for the reduction in oxidation rates. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Smialek, JL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-343-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 41 IS 42 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1149/1.4718005 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BEB84 UT WOS:000316021500011 ER PT S AU Cinquini, L Crichton, D Mattmann, C Bell, GM Drach, B Williams, D Harney, J Shipman, G Wang, FY Kershaw, P Pascoe, S Ananthakrishnan, R Miller, N Gonzalez, E Denvil, S Morgan, M Fiore, S Pobre, Z Schweitzer, R AF Cinquini, Luca Crichton, Daniel Mattmann, Chris Bell, Gavin M. Drach, Bob Williams, Dean Harney, John Shipman, Galen Wang, Feiyi Kershaw, Philip Pascoe, Stephen Ananthakrishnan, Rachana Miller, Neill Gonzalez, Estanislao Denvil, Sebastian Morgan, Mark Fiore, Sandro Pobre, Zed Schweitzer, Roland GP IEEE TI The Earth System Grid Federation: An Open Infrastructure for Access to Distributed Geospatial Data SO 2012 IEEE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-SCIENCE (E-SCIENCE) SE Proceeding IEEE International Conference on e-Science (e-Science) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 8th International Conference on E-Science (e-Science) CY OCT 08-12, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc DE Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF); peer-to-peer (P2P); Node; security; search; discovery; climate science; CMIP5 AB The Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) is a multi-agency, international collaboration that aims at developing the software infrastructure needed to facilitate and empower the study of climate change on a global scale. The ESGF's architecture employs a system of geographically distributed peer nodes, which are independently administered yet united by the adoption of common federation protocols and application programming interfaces (APIs). The cornerstones of its interoperability are the peer-to-peer messaging that is continuously exchanged among all nodes in the federation; a shared architecture and API for search and discovery; and a security infrastructure based on industry standards (OpenID, SSL, GSI and SAML). The ESGF software is developed collaboratively across institutional boundaries and made available to the community as open source. It has now been adopted by multiple Earth science projects and allows access to petabytes of geophysical data, including the entire model output used for the next international assessment report on climate change (IPCC-AR5) and a suite of satellite observations (obs4MIPs) and reanalysis data sets (ANA4MIPs). C1 [Cinquini, Luca; Crichton, Daniel; Mattmann, Chris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Cinquini, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-372X BN 978-1-4673-4466-1 J9 P IEEE INT C E-SCI PY 2012 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDW61 UT WOS:000315360600061 ER PT J AU Denney, E Pai, G Pohl, J AF Denney, Ewen Pai, Ganesh Pohl, Josef GP CESAMES TI Heterogeneous Aviation Safety Cases: Integrating the Formal and the Non-formal SO 2012 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING OF COMPLEX COMPUTER SYSTEMS (ICECCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 17th International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS) CY JUL 18-20, 2012 CL Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Ctr Excellence Syst Architecture, Management, Econ & Strategy (CESAMES), Engn Complex Syst, Ecole Polytech HO Ecole Normale Superieure DE Safety; Safety cases; Automation; Aviation; Heterogeneity; Unmanned Aircraft; Formal Methods ID SOFTWARE AB We describe a method for the automatic assembly of aviation safety cases by combining auto-generated argument fragments derived from the application of a formal method to software, with manually created argument fragments derived from system safety analysis. Our approach emphasizes the heterogeneity of safety-relevant information and we show how such diverse content can be integrated into a single safety case. We illustrate our approach by applying it to an experimental Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS). C1 [Denney, Ewen; Pai, Ganesh; Pohl, Josef] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Denney, E (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ewen.denney@nasa.gov; ganesh.pai@nasa.gov; josef.pohl@nasa.gov RI Pai, Ganesh/G-4516-2013 OI Pai, Ganesh/0000-0002-9848-3754 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-2-9541-8100-4 PY 2012 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1109/ICECCS.2012.20 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BDU94 UT WOS:000315026500021 ER PT S AU Baumgartel, L Thompson, R Strekalov, D Grudinin, I Yu, N AF Baumgartel, Lukas Thompson, Robert Strekalov, Dmitry Grudinin, Ivan Yu, Nan GP IEEE TI Dual mode frequency stabilization of a whispering gallery mode optical reference cavity SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We report on whispering gallery mode resonators used as reference cavities for laser frequency stabilization. Differential sensing of orthogonal modes allows active control of the resonator temperature, improving the locked laser's frequency stability. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Baumgartel, Lukas; Thompson, Robert; Strekalov, Dmitry; Grudinin, Ivan; Yu, Nan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Quantum Sci & Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Baumgartel, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Quantum Sci & Technol Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lbaumgar@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401016 ER PT S AU Briggs, RM Frez, C Ksendzov, A Franz, KJ Bagheri, M Forouhar, S AF Briggs, Ryan M. Frez, Clifford Ksendzov, Alexander Franz, Kale J. Bagheri, Mahmood Forouhar, Siamak GP IEEE TI Laterally Coupled Distributed-Feedback GaSb-Based Diode Lasers for Atmospheric Gas Detection at 2 mu m SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID CO2 AB We demonstrate single-mode laterally coupled distributed-feedback diode lasers at 2.05 mu m employing low-loss etched gratings. Single-facet CW output exceeds 50 mW near room temperature with linewidth below 1 MHz over 10-ms observation times. C1 [Briggs, Ryan M.; Frez, Clifford; Ksendzov, Alexander; Franz, Kale J.; Bagheri, Mahmood; Forouhar, Siamak] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Briggs, RM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ryan.m.briggs@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401415 ER PT S AU Hemmati, H Dolinar, S AF Hemmati, H. Dolinar, S. GP IEEE TI Quantum Limits of Space-to-Ground Optical Communications SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB Quantum limiting factors contributed by the transmitter, the optical channel, and the receiver of a space-to-ground optical communications link are described. Approaches to move toward the ultimate quantum limit are discussed. C1 [Hemmati, H.; Dolinar, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hemmati, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM hhemmati@jpl.nasa.gov; sdolinar@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402042 ER PT S AU Jiang, YC Li, L Tian, ZB Hinkey, RT Yang, RQ Mishima, TD Santos, MB Johnson, MB Mansour, K AF Jiang, Yuchao Li, Lu Tian, Zhaobing Hinkey, Robert T. Yang, Rui Q. Mishima, Tetsuya D. Santos, Michael B. Johnson, Matthew B. Mansour, Kamjou GP IEEE TI Room-Temperature InAs-based Interband Cascade Lasers SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID MU-M AB We report the demonstration of InAs-based interband cascade lasers at temperatures up to 315 K and 253 K operating in pulsed and continuous wave modes, respectively, near 5.3 microns. C1 [Jiang, Yuchao; Li, Lu; Tian, Zhaobing; Hinkey, Robert T.; Yang, Rui Q.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hinkey, Robert T.; Mishima, Tetsuya D.; Santos, Michael B.; Johnson, Matthew B.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mansour, Kamjou] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jiang, YC (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM Rui.Q.Yang@ou.edu FU NSF [ECCS-1002202]; C-SPIN; Oklahoma/Arkansas MRSEC [DMR-0520550] FX This work was supported by the NSF through ECCS-1002202 and C-SPIN, the Oklahoma/Arkansas MRSEC (DMR-0520550). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400207 ER PT S AU Komar, GJ AF Komar, George J. GP IEEE TI Preparing for Future EO Innovations: the NASA Earth Science Technology Program SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB NASA's Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) supports a broad range of technology developments. This paper summarizes program investments in electro-optical systems, and highlights progress in two key measurements: column CO2 and wind profiles. C1 NASA, Earth Sci Technol Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Komar, GJ (reprint author), NASA, Earth Sci Technol Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM George.J.Komar@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402220 ER PT S AU Mackenzie, JI Murugan, GS Suzuki, T Ohishi, Y Yu, AW Abshire, JB AF Mackenzie, J. I. Murugan, G. S. Suzuki, T. Ohishi, Y. Yu, A. W. Abshire, J. B. GP IEEE TI Investigation of Erbium-doped Tellurite Glasses for a Planar Waveguide Power Amplifier at 1.57 mu m SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB Comparing gain in Er-doped tellurite glasses for CO2 absorption measurements, a maximum gain of 2.2dB/cm with 8 ms fluorescence lifetime has been obtained at 1572 nm using a 974 nm pump with intensity of 8kW/cm(2). C1 [Mackenzie, J. I.; Murugan, G. S.] Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Suzuki, T.; Ohishi, Y.] Toyota Technol Inst, Res ctr Adv Photon Technol, Nagoya, Aichi 4688511, Japan. [Yu, A. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electro Optics Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Abshire, J. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Mackenzie, JI (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM jim@orc.soton.ac.uk RI Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Senthil Murugan, Ganapathy/G-5271-2012 OI Senthil Murugan, Ganapathy/0000-0002-2733-3273 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400028 ER PT S AU Pierce, R Stephens, M Kaptchen, P Leitch, J Bender, D Folkner, WM Klipstein, WM Shaddock, D Spero, R Thompson, R Yu, N Watkins, M AF Pierce, R. Stephens, M. Kaptchen, P. Leitch, J. Bender, D. Folkner, W. M. Klipstein, W. M. Shaddock, D. Spero, R. Thompson, R. Yu, N. Watkins, M. GP IEEE TI Stabilized Lasers for Space Applications: A High TRL Optical Cavity Reference System SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We have developed a laser stabilization system capable of measuring nm-level distance variations between satellites separated on orbit by 250 km. We describe the construction of the reference cavity and show performance results and environmental tests. C1 [Pierce, R.; Stephens, M.; Kaptchen, P.; Leitch, J.; Bender, D.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. [Folkner, W. M.; Klipstein, W. M.; Shaddock, D.; Spero, R.; Thompson, R.; Yu, N.; Watkins, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pierce, R (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. EM rpierce@ball.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402222 ER PT S AU Pliutau, D Prasad, NS AF Pliutau, Denis Prasad, Narasimha S. GP IEEE TI Error Analysis and Selection of Optimal Excitation Parameters for the Sensing of CO2 and O-2 from Space in a Proposed ASCENDS Mission Implementation SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB Simulation studies to optimize sensing of CO2 and O-2 from space are described. Uncertainties in line-by-line calculations unaccounted for in previous studies identified. Multivariate methods are employed for measurement wavelengths selection. C1 [Pliutau, Denis; Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Pliutau, D (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM narasimha.s.prasad@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402107 ER PT S AU Sun, XL AF Sun, Xiaoli GP IEEE TI Space-Based Lidar Systems SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB An overview of space-based lidar systems is presented, from the first laser altimeter on APOLLO 15 mission in 1971 to the Mercury Laser Altimeter on MESSENGER mission currently in orbit, and those currently under development. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sun, XL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 694, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM xiaoli.sun-1@nasa.gov RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362402224 ER PT S AU Verma, VB Marsili, F Baek, B Lita, AE Gerrits, T Stern, JA Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Verma, V. B. Marsili, F. Baek, B. Lita, A. E. Gerrits, T. Stern, J. A. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. GP IEEE TI 55% system detection efficiency with self-aligned WSi superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB We report a system detection efficiency of 55 % at 1500 nm with an amorphous tungsten-silicide (WSi) superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) using a self-aligned packaging scheme for alignment of the detector and optical fiber. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Verma, V. B.; Marsili, F.; Baek, B.; Lita, A. E.; Gerrits, T.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 686-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stern, J. A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Baek, B.] Photon Spot Inc, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 686-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM verma@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362403187 ER PT S AU Yan, Y Yang, JY Yue, Y Mohammad, R Huang, H Ahmed, N Zhang, L Wang, J Dolinar, S Tur, M Willner, AE AF Yan, Yan Yang, Jeng-Yuan Yue, Yang Mohammad, Reza Huang, Hao Ahmed, Nisar Zhang, Lin Wang, Jian Dolinar, Sam Tur, Moshe Willner, Alan E. GP IEEE TI High-Purity Generation and Power-Efficient Multiplexing of Optical Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Modes in a Ring Fiber for Spatial-Division Multiplexing Systems SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID BEAMS; LIGHT AB We propose an approach to generate and multiplex 7 OAM spatial modes using a ring fiber launched by the light from multiple single-mode fibers. The purity of each OAM mode can be >99%. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Yan, Yan; Yang, Jeng-Yuan; Yue, Yang; Mohammad, Reza; Huang, Hao; Ahmed, Nisar; Zhang, Lin; Wang, Jian; Willner, Alan E.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Dolinar, Sam] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tur, Moshe] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Yan, Y (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM yanyan@usc.edu RI Yue, Yang/A-3357-2012 FU DARPA under InPho (Information in a Photon) program; NFS funded ERC Center for the Integrated Access Networks (CIAN) FX We acknowledge the support of DARPA under InPho (Information in a Ph oton) program and NFS funded ERC Center for the Integrated Access Networks (CIAN) NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401488 ER PT S AU Yan, Y Huang, H Yue, Y Ren, YX Ahmed, N Dolinar, S Willner, AE AF Yan, Yan Huang, Hao Yue, Yang Ren, Yongxiong Ahmed, Nisar Dolinar, Sam Willner, Alan E. GP IEEE TI Angular Sliced Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) Beams to Increase the Channel Number in Spatial-Mode Multiplexed System SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID MOMENTUM; LIGHT AB An angular sliced LG beam rotates +90 or -90 degree and maintains the fan shape and spiral phase in the far field. It enables a new scheme of spatial-mode division multiplexing system in free space communication. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Yan, Yan; Huang, Hao; Yue, Yang; Ahmed, Nisar; Willner, Alan E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Dolinar, Sam] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Yan, Y (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM yanyan@usc.edu RI Yue, Yang/A-3357-2012 FU DARPA FX We acknowledge the support of DARPA under InPho (Information in a Photon) program. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400304 ER PT S AU Yu, AW Betin, A Krainak, MA Hendry, D Hendry, B Sotelo, C AF Yu, Anthony W. Betin, Alexander Krainak, Michael A. Hendry, Derek Hendry, Billie Sotelo, Carlos GP IEEE TI Highly Efficient Yb:YAG Master Oscillator Power Amplifier Laser Transmitter for Lidar Applications SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB In this paper we will discuss our development effort on a highly efficient master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) laser transmitter for future space flight lidar missions. C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Krainak, Michael A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Betin, Alexander; Hendry, Derek; Hendry, Billie; Sotelo, Carlos] Raytheon Space & Airborne Syst, Segundo, CA USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401403 ER PT S AU Yu, AW Krainak, MA Harding, DJ Abshire, JB Sun, XL Cavanaugh, J Valett, S Ramos-Izquierdo, L AF Yu, Anthony W. Krainak, Michael A. Harding, David J. Abshire, James B. Sun, Xiaoli Cavanaugh, John Valett, Susan Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis GP IEEE TI Multi-beam Laser Altimeter System Simulator for the Lidar Surface Topography (LIST) Mission SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA AB In this paper we will discuss our development effort of a multi-beam airborne laser altimeter instrument as a pathfinder for the LIdar Surface Technology (LIST) mission. C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Krainak, Michael A.; Harding, David J.; Abshire, James B.; Sun, Xiaoli; Cavanaugh, John; Valett, Susan; Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Harding, David/F-5913-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362400027 ER PT S AU Yue, Y Zhang, L Yan, Y Ahmed, N Yang, JY Huang, H Ren, YX Dolinar, S Tur, M Willner, AE AF Yue, Yang Zhang, Lin Yan, Yan Ahmed, Nisar Yang, Jeng-Yuan Huang, Hao Ren, Yongxiong Dolinar, Sam Tur, Moshe Willner, Alan E. GP IEEE TI Octave-spanning Supercontinuum Generation of Vortices in a As2S3 Ring Photonic Crystal Fiber SO 2012 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 06-11, 2012 CL San Jose, CA ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; WAVE-GUIDES; PROPAGATION AB As2S3 ring PCF is proposed for vortex modes. Two orders of magnitude improvement on mode separation is achieved. Engineered dispersion and high nonlinearity enable octave-spanning supercontinuum generation from 1196 to 2418 nm within 1-cm fiber. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Yue, Yang; Zhang, Lin; Yan, Yan; Ahmed, Nisar; Yang, Jeng-Yuan; Huang, Hao; Ren, Yongxiong; Willner, Alan E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Dolinar, Sam] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tur, Moshe] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Yue, Y (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM yyue@usc.edu RI Yue, Yang/A-3357-2012 FU DARPA under InPho (Information in a Photon) program FX We acknowledge the support of DARPA under InPho (Information in a Photon) program. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-933-6 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCK05 UT WOS:000310362401072 ER PT J AU Schodlok, MP Menemenlis, D Rignot, E Studinger, M AF Schodlok, Michael P. Menemenlis, Dimitris Rignot, Eric Studinger, Michael TI Sensitivity of the ice-shelf/ocean system to the sub-ice-shelf cavity shape measured by NASA Ice Bridge in Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; SEA; CIRCULATION; THICKNESS; ALTIMETRY; BENEATH; MODEL AB Two high-resolution (1 km grid) numerical model simulations of the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica, are used to study the role of the ocean in the mass loss and grounding line retreat of Pine Island Glacier. The first simulation uses BEDMAP bathymetry under the Pine Island ice shelf, and the second simulation uses NASA Ice Bridge-derived bathymetry. The Ice Bridge data reveal the existence of a trough from the ice-shelf edge to the grounding line, enabling warm Circumpolar Deep Water to penetrate to the grounding line, leading to higher melt rates than previously estimated. The mean melt rate for the simulation with NASA Ice Bridge data is 28 m a(-1), much higher than previous model estimates but closer to estimates from remote sensing. Although the mean melt rate is 25% higher than in the simulation with BEDMAP bathymetry, the temporal evolution remains unchanged between the two simulations. This indicates that temporal variability of melting is mostly driven by processes outside the cavity. Spatial melt rate patterns of BEDMAP and IceBridge simulations differ significantly, with the latter in closer agreement with satellite-derived melt rate estimates of similar to 50 m a(-1) near the grounding line. Our simulations confirm that knowledge of the cavity shape and its time evolution are essential to accurately capture basal mass loss of Antarctic ice shelves. C1 [Schodlok, Michael P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Schodlok, Michael P.; Menemenlis, Dimitris; Rignot, Eric] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rignot, Eric] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Studinger, Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Schodlok, MP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM mschodlok@ucla.edu RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014 OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481 FU NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program; ECCO2 project; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division; JPL Supercomputing and Visualization Facility (SVF) FX We thank the scientific editor, Laurie Padman, for many detailed and very helpful comments. Some data used in this paper were acquired by NASA's Operation Ice Bridge Project. This work was funded by the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program and by the ECCO2 project, a contribution to the NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction (MAP) Program. This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We gratefully acknowledge computational resources and support from the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division and from the JPL Supercomputing and Visualization Facility (SVF). NR 34 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 18 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2012 VL 53 IS 60 BP 156 EP 162 DI 10.3189/2012AoG60A073 PN 2 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 095BV UT WOS:000315310400004 ER PT J AU Straneo, F Sutherland, DA Holland, D Gladish, C Hamilton, GS Johnson, HL Rignot, E Xu, Y Koppes, M AF Straneo, Fiammetta Sutherland, David A. Holland, David Gladish, Carl Hamilton, Gordon S. Johnson, Helen L. Rignot, Eric Xu, Yun Koppes, Michele TI Characteristics of ocean waters reaching Greenland's glaciers SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; EAST GREENLAND; WEST GREENLAND; NORDIC SEAS; SURFACE CIRCULATION; JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE; NARES STRAIT; ICE-SHEET; FJORD; CONVECTION AB Interaction of Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers with the ocean has emerged as a key term in the ice-sheet mass balance and a plausible trigger for their recent acceleration. Our knowledge of the dynamics, however, is limited by scarcity of ocean measurements at the glacier/ocean boundary. Here data collected near six marine-terminating glaciers (79 North, Kangerdlugssuaq, Helheim and Petermann glaciers, Jakobshavn Isbrae, and the combined Sermeq Kujatdleq and Akangnardleq) are compared to investigate the water masses and the circulation at the ice/ocean boundary. Polar Water, of Arctic origin, and Atlantic Water, from the subtropical North Atlantic, are found near all the glaciers. Property analysis indicates melting by Atlantic Water (AW; found at the grounding line depth near all the glaciers) and the influence of subglacial discharge at depth in summer. AW temperatures near the glaciers range from 4.5 degrees C in the southeast, to 0.16 degrees C in northwest Greenland, consistent with the distance from the subtropical North Atlantic and cooling across the continental shelf. A review of its offshore variability suggests that AW temperature changes in the fjords will be largest in southern and smallest in northwest Greenland, consistent with the regional distribution of the recent glacier acceleration. C1 [Straneo, Fiammetta] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Sutherland, David A.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Holland, David; Gladish, Carl] NYU, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, New York, NY USA. [Hamilton, Gordon S.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME USA. [Johnson, Helen L.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Rignot, Eric; Xu, Yun] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Rignot, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Koppes, Michele] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Straneo, F (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM fstraneo@whoi.edu RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014; OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481; Sutherland, David/0000-0002-2843-8608; Straneo, Fiammetta/0000-0002-1735-2366; Johnson, Helen/0000-0003-1873-2085 FU WHOI's Ocean and Climate Change Institute's Arctic Research Initiative; US National Science Foundation [NSF ARC-0909373]; NASA's Cryospheric Sciences Program; NSF [ARC-0806393]; NASA [NNX08AN52G]; Canadian Federal Program for the International Polar Year, Fisheries and Oceans Canada; US National Science Foundation and the Royal Society FX F.S., D.A.S. and G.S.H. thank Melanie Duchin and Iris Menn, Captain P. Willcox and the crew of the MN Arctic Sunrise, Greenpeace International, J. Ryder and J. Kemp for their support in making the measurements near HG, KG and 79NG in summer 2009. F.S. and D.A.S acknowledge support from WHOI's Ocean and Climate Change Institute's Arctic Research Initiative and from US National Science Foundation grant NSF ARC-0909373. G.S.H., E.R. and Y.X. acknowledge support from NASA's Cryospheric Sciences Program. D.H. and C.G. acknowledge support from NSF ARC-0806393 and NASA NNX08AN52G. H.L.J acknowledges K. Falkner, A. Munchow and H. Melling, as well as support from the Canadian Federal Program for the International Polar Year, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the US National Science Foundation and the Royal Society. She is also grateful to the captain, scientists and crew aboard the USCGC Healy and the CCGS Henry Larsen. K. Steffen kindly provided the PG data through the ice tongue. NR 55 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 48 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2012 VL 53 IS 60 BP 202 EP 210 DI 10.3189/2012AoG60A059 PN 2 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 095BV UT WOS:000315310400009 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Rignot, E Menemenlis, D Koppes, M AF Xu, Yun Rignot, Eric Menemenlis, Dimitris Koppes, Michele TI Numerical experiments on subaqueous melting of Greenland tidewater glaciers in response to ocean warming and enhanced subglacial discharge SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ICE SHELF; CIRCULATION; TERMINUS; DYNAMICS; WATERS; RUNOFF; ALASKA; FJORD; SHEET AB The largest dischargers of ice in Greenland are glaciers that terminate in the ocean and melt in contact with sea water. Studies of ice-sheet/ocean interactions have mostly focused on melting beneath near-horizontal floating ice shelves. For tidewater glaciers, melting instead takes place along the vertical face of the calving front. Here we modify the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) to include ice melting from a calving face with the freshwater outflow at the glacier grounding line. We use the model to predict melt rates and their sensitivity to ocean thermal forcing and to subglacial discharge. We find that melt rates increase with approximately the one-third power of the subglacial water flux, and increase linearly with ocean thermal forcing. Our simulations indicate that, consistent with limited field data, melting ceases when subglacial discharge is shut off, and reaches several meters per day when subglacial discharge is high in the summer. These results are a first step toward a more realistic representation of subglacial discharge and of ocean thermal forcing on the subaqueous melting of tidewater glaciers in a numerical ocean model. Our results illustrate that the ice-front melting process is both complex and strongly time-dependent. C1 [Xu, Yun; Rignot, Eric] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Rignot, Eric; Menemenlis, Dimitris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Koppes, Michele] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM yunx@uci.edu RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014 OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481 FU California Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cryosphere Science Program FX This work was performed at the Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, and the California Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cryosphere Science Program. We thank M. van den Broeke for RACMO data. We also thank T. and C. Jensen for their assistance in data collection in Greenland in 2010. NR 22 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 24 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2012 VL 53 IS 60 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.3189/2012AoG60A139 PN 2 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 095BV UT WOS:000315310400012 ER PT J AU Rignot, E Fenty, I Menemenlis, D Xu, Y AF Rignot, E. Fenty, I. Menemenlis, D. Xu, Y. TI Spreading of warm ocean waters around Greenland as a possible cause for glacier acceleration SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EAST GREENLAND; ICE-SHEET; FJORD; REPRESENTATION; CIRCULATION; CONVECTION; MODEL AB We examine the pattern of spreading of warm subtropical-origin waters around Greenland for the years 1992-2009 using a high-resolution (4 km horizontal grid) coupled ocean and sea-ice simulation. The simulation, provided by the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II (ECCO2) project, qualitatively reproduces the observed warming of subsurface waters in the subpolar gyre associated with changes of the North Atlantic atmospheric state that occurred in the mid-1990s. The modeled subsurface ocean temperature warmed by 1.5 degrees C in southeast and southwest Greenland during 1994-2005 and subsequently cooled by 0.5 degrees C; modeled subsurface ocean temperature increased by 2-2.5 degrees C in central and then northwest Greenland during 1997-2005 and stabilized thereafter, while it increased after 2005 by <0.5 degrees C in north Greenland. Comparisons with in situ measurements off the continental shelf in the Labrador and Irminger Seas indicate that the model initial conditions were 0.4 degrees C too warm in the south but the simulated warming is correctly reproduced; while measurements from eastern Baffin Bay reveal that the model initial conditions were 1.0 degrees C too cold in the northwest but the simulated ocean warming brought modeled temperature closer to observations, i.e. the simulated warming is 1.0 degrees C too large. At several key locations, the modeled oceanic changes off the shelf and below the seasonal mixed layer were rapidly transmitted to the shelf within troughs towards (model-unresolved) fjords. Unless blocked in the fjords by shallow sills, these warm subsurface waters had potential to propagate down the fjords and melt the glacier fronts. Based on model sensitivity simulations from an independent study (Xu and others, 2012), we show that the oceanic changes have very likely increased the subaqueous melt rates of the glacier fronts, and in turn impacted the rates of glacier flow. C1 [Rignot, E.; Xu, Y.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Rignot, E.; Fenty, I.; Menemenlis, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Rignot, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM erignot@uci.edu RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014 OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481 NR 49 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 24 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2012 VL 53 IS 60 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.3189/2012AoG60A136 PN 2 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 095BV UT WOS:000315310400016 ER PT S AU Adams, JD Herter, TL Gull, GE Schoenwald, J Henderson, CP Keller, LD De Buizer, JM Stacey, GJ Nikola, T Vacca, W Hirsch, L Wang, J Helton, LA AF Adams, Joseph D. Herter, Terry L. Gull, George E. Schoenwald, Justin Henderson, Charles P. Keller, Luke D. De Buizer, James M. Stacey, Gordon J. Nikola, Thomas Vacca, William Hirsch, L. Wang, J. Helton, L. Andrew BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI The FORCAST mid-infrared facility instrument and in-flight performance SOFIA SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Infrared cameras; blocked impurity band detectors; metal mesh filters ID CAMERA; ARRAYS AB FORCAST has completed 16 engineering and science flights as the "First Light" U. S. science instrument aboard SOFIA and will be commissioned as a SOFIA facility instrument in 2013. FORCAST offers dual channel imaging (diffraction-limited at wavelengths > 15 microns) using a 256 x 256 pixel Si: As blocked impurity band (BIB) detector at 5 - 28 microns and a 256 x 256 pixel Si:Sb BIB detector at 28 - 40 microns. FORCAST images a 3.4 arcmin x 3.2 arcmin field-of-view on SOFIA with a rectified plate scale of 0.768 arcsec/pixel. In addition to imaging capability, FORCAST offers a facility mode for grism spectroscopy that will commence during SOFIA Cycle 1. The grism suite enables spectroscopy over nearly the entire FORCAST wavelength range at low resolution (similar to 140 - 300). Optional cross-dispersers boost the spectroscopic resolution to similar to 1200 at 5 - 8 microns and similar to 800 at 9.8 - 13.7 microns. Here we describe the FORCAST instrument including observing modes for SOFIA Cycle 1. We also summarize in-flight results, including detector and optical performance, sensitivity performance, and calibration. C1 [Adams, Joseph D.; Herter, Terry L.; Gull, George E.; Schoenwald, Justin; Henderson, Charles P.; Stacey, Gordon J.; Nikola, Thomas; Hirsch, L.; Wang, J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 105 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Keller, Luke D.] Ithaca Coll, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [De Buizer, James M.; Vacca, William; Helton, L. Andrew] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Adams, JD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 105 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Wang, Jason/0000-0003-0774-6502 FU NASA [NAS2- 97001]; Deutsches SOFIA Institut ( DSI) under DLR [50 OK 0901]; NASA issued by USRA [8500- 98- 014] FX We thank the SOFIA telescope operators and mission operations team for their excellent work. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ DLR Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy ( SOFIA). SOFIA science mission operations are conducted jointly by the Universities Space Research Association ( USRA), Inc., under NASA contract NAS2- 97001, and the Deutsches SOFIA Institut ( DSI) under DLR contract 50 OK 0901. Financial support for FORCAST was provided to Cornell University by NASA through award 8500- 98- 014 issued by USRA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9147-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8446 AR 844616 DI 10.1117/12.926600 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDL69 UT WOS:000313675900035 ER PT S AU Colditz, S Fumi, F Geis, N Honle, R Klein, R Krabbe, A Looney, L Poglitsch, A Raab, W Savage, M Rebell, F Fischer, C AF Colditz, Sebastian Fumi, Fabio Geis, Norbert Hoenle, Rainer Klein, Randolf Krabbe, Alfred Looney, Leslie Poglitsch, Albrecht Raab, Walfried Savage, Maureen Rebell, Felix Fischer, Christian BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI The SOFIA far-infrared spectrometer FIFI-LS: spearheading a post Herschel era SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Integral Field Spectroscopy; Spectrometer; Far-Infrared; FIFI LS; FIFI-LS; SOFIA ID PHOTOCONDUCTOR ARRAY CAMERA; GA DETECTOR ARRAYS; TELESCOPE AB FIFI-LS (Field-Imaging Far-Infrared Line Spectrometer) is an imaging spectrograph for SOFIA comprised of two medium resolution (R similar to 2200) grating spectrometers feeding two 16x25 pixel detector arrays, which enable simultaneous line observations across two wavelength ranges (42-110 mu m and 110-210 mu m) each across a field of view of 5x5 pixel. FIFI-LS will be the extragalactic spectroscopic workhorse for SOFIA. FIFI-LS has enough sensitivity to observe a substantial sample of nearby galaxies. It also has the right combination of wavelength range and spatial resolution to carry out unique new observations beyond those possible with Herschel, Spitzer, ISO and IRAS. As the effective sensitivity of FIFI-LS is only about a factor of 3-5 lower than the PACS spectrometer onboard Herschel, mainly due to an enhanced multiplexing advantage, FIFI-LS will build upon recent exciting scientific results and spearhead the post-Herschel far-infrared era. FIFI-LS is scheduled for commissioning onboard SOFIA in early 2014. An account on the instrument and its current stratus will be presented. C1 [Colditz, Sebastian; Fumi, Fabio; Krabbe, Alfred; Rebell, Felix; Fischer, Christian] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Space Syst, Pfaffenwaldring 29, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Geis, Norbert; Hoenle, Rainer; Poglitsch, Albrecht; Raab, Walfried] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Klein, Randolf] SOFIA USRA, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Krabbe, Alfred] Deutsches SOFIA Inst, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Looney, Leslie; Savage, Maureen] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Colditz, S (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Space Syst, Pfaffenwaldring 29, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM colditz@irs.uni-stuttgart.de OI Klein, Randolf/0000-0002-7187-9126 FU Bundesministerium Wirtschafl and Technologic (Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology of' the Federal Republic of Domain.) through the DLR Space Administration FX The whole team acknowledges the support of the Bundesministerium Wirtschafl and Technologic (Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology of' the Federal Republic of Domain.) through the DLR Space Administration. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9147-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8446 AR 844617 DI 10.1117/12.924510 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDL69 UT WOS:000313675900036 ER PT S AU Creech-Eakman, MJ Jurgenson, CA Santoro, FG Bloemhard, H Boston, PJ Deroo, PD Hrynevych, M Jimenez, SR Olivares, AM Napolitano, M Salcido, CD Schmidt, LM Selina, R Swain, MR Vasisht, G AF Creech-Eakman, M. J. Jurgenson, C. A. Santoro, F. G. Bloemhard, H. Boston, P. J. Deroo, P. D. Hrynevych, M. Jimenez, S. R. Olivares, A. M. Napolitano, M. Salcido, C. D. Schmidt, L. M. Selina, R. Swain, M. R. Vasisht, G. BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI NESSI: An optimized Near-Infrared (NIR) Multi-Object Spectrograph (MOS) for Exoplanet Studies SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE spectrometer; near-infrared; multi-object spectroscopy; exoplanet characterization ID SPECTRUM AB NESSI: the New Mexico Tech Extra(solar) planet Spectroscopic Survey Instrument is a ground-based multi-object spectrograph that operates in the near-infrared and is being deployed this fall at the Magdalena Ridge Observatory 2.4 m telescope. When completed later this year, it is expected to be used to characterize the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets with unprecedented ground-based accuracies down to about K = 9 magnitude. The superior capabilities of NEESI for this type of work lay, in part, in the design philosophy used for the instrument which is well-focused on the exoplanet case. We report here on this design philosophy, detail and status of the design and assembly, and preparation for first light in the fall of 2012. C1 [Creech-Eakman, M. J.; Jurgenson, C. A.; Santoro, F. G.; Bloemhard, H.; Hrynevych, M.; Jimenez, S. R.; Olivares, A. M.; Salcido, C. D.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Magdalena Ridge Observ, 101 East Rd, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Boston, P. J.; Napolitano, M.; Schmidt, L. M.; Selina, R.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Deroo, P. D.; Swain, M. R.; Vasisht, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Creech-Eakman, MJ (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Magdalena Ridge Observ, 101 East Rd, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) through an institutional revenue bond [N00173-01-2-C902]; NASA EPSCoR [NNX09AP69A]; Magdalena Ridge Observatory administration; NMT administration; NESSI FX The Magdalena Ridge Observatory is funded by agreement number N00173-01-2-C902 with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and through an institutional revenue bond provided by New Mexico Tech. The NESSI instrument project has additionally been funded through NASA EPSCoR grant NNX09AP69A. We would like to thank the Magdalena Ridge Observatory administration and the NMT administration for funding and support of the NESSI project. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9147-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8446 AR 84467Y DI 10.1117/12.927173 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDL69 UT WOS:000313675900247 ER PT S AU Dunham, EW Bida, TA Collins, PL Mandushev, GI McLean, IS Person, MJ Smith, EC Taylor, BW Zoonematkermani, S AF Dunham, Edward W. Bida, Thomas. A. Collins, Peter L. Mandushev, Georgi I. McLean, Ian S. Person, Michael J. Smith, Erin C. Taylor, Brian W. Zoonematkermani, Saeid BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI HIPO in-flight performance aboard SOFIA SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE SOFIA; airborne; instrumentation; commissioning ID SPEED IMAGING PHOTOMETER; OCCULTATIONS AB HIPO is a special purpose science instrument for SOFIA that was also designed to be used for Observatory test work. It was used in a series of flights from June to December 2011 as part of the SOFIA Characterization and Integration (SCAI) flight test program. Partial commissioning of HIPO and the co-mounted HIPO-FLITECAM (FLIPO) configuration were included within the scope of the SCAI work. The commissioning measurements included such things as optical throughput, image size and shape as a function of wavelength and exposure time, image motion assessment over a wide frequency range, scintillation noise, photometric stability assessment, twilight sky brightness, cosmic ray rate as a function of altitude, telescope pointing control, secondary mirror control, and GPS time and position performance. As part of this work we successfully observed a stellar occultation by Pluto, our first SOFIA science data. We report here on the observed in-flight performance of HIPO both when mounted alone and when used in the FLIPO configuration. C1 [Dunham, Edward W.; Bida, Thomas. A.; Collins, Peter L.; Mandushev, Georgi I.; Zoonematkermani, Saeid] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McLean, Ian S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Person, Michael J.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Smith, Erin C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Taylor, Brian W.] Boston Univ, IAR, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Dunham, EW (reprint author), Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dunham@lowell.edu FU USRA [8500- 98- 003] FX The HIPO project is supported by USRA subcontract 8500- 98- 003. We thank USRA for their unwavering support for this project over the years and to Lowell Observatory and its staff for their forbearance as HIPO delayed other work at the Observatory. HIPO could not have been successfully completed without the support of the technical staff at Lowell, particularly Ralph Nye, Rich Oliver, and Steve Lauman. We thank Bill Rose for his continued interest in aero- optical issues and support of our undertakings. We owe a particular debt of gratitude to the late Jim Elliot and Jim Darwin. Jim Elliot was Co- Investigator on the HIPO project from its beginning until his death only a few months before our first flight. Jim Darwin, Lowell's instrument maker for many years, made most of the mechanical parts for HIPO as well as some of its mechanical designs. Jim passed away just weeks before our first flight. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9147-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8446 AR 844618 DI 10.1117/12.926749 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDL69 UT WOS:000313675900037 ER PT S AU Farah, A Gonzalez, JJ Kutyrev, AS Lotkin, G Watson, AM Butler, NR Lee, WH Richer, MG Lopez, E Clark, D Cabak, G Fox, OD Rapchun, DA Roman-Zuniga, C Georgiev, L AF Farah, Alejandro Jesus Gonzalez, J. Kutyrev, Alexander S. Lotkin, Gennadiy Watson, Alan M. Butler, Nathaniel R. Lee, William H. Richer, Michael G. Lopez, Eduardo Clark, David Cabak, Gerald Fox, Ori D. Rapchun, David A. Roman-Zuniga, Carlos Georgiev, Leonid BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI Mechanical design and integration of the support structure for the Reionization And Transients InfRared instrument RATIR SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE design; manufacturing recommendations; integration AB In this article we present the mechanical design and the manufacturing of the support structure for the Reionization And Transients InfraRed (RATIR) camera. The instrument is mounted at the f/13 Cassegrain focus of the 1.5-meter Harold Johnson telescope of the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional at San Pedro Martir (OAN/SPM) in Mexico. We describe the high-level requirements and explain their translation to the mechanical specifications and requirements. We describe the structural finite-element analysis and the boundary conditions, loads, and general assumptions included in the simulations. We summarize the expected displacements, rotations and stresses. We present the optomechanical components and the elements used to attach the instrument to the telescope. Finally, we show the instrument installed on the telescope. C1 [Farah, Alejandro; Jesus Gonzalez, J.; Watson, Alan M.; Lee, William H.; Georgiev, Leonid] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apartado Postal 70-264, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Kutyrev, Alexander S.; Lotkin, Gennadiy; Fox, Ori D.; Rapchun, David A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MS USA. [Butler, Nathaniel R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Richer, Michael G.; Lopez, Eduardo; Clark, David; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. [Cabak, Gerald] Univ Calif, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Farah, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apartado Postal 70-264, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM farah@astro.unam.mx RI Gonzalez, Jose/L-6687-2014; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/F-6602-2016 OI Gonzalez, Jose/0000-0002-3724-1583; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/0000-0001-8600-4798 FU NASA [NNX09AH71G, NNX09AT02G, NNX10AI27G, NNX12AE66G]; UNAM/DGAPA/PAPIIT [113810] FX The design and construction of the RATIR instrument was financed by NASA grants NNX09AH71G, NNX09AT02G, NNX10AI27G, and NNX12AE66G and by UNAM/DGAPA/PAPIIT project 113810. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9147-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8446 AR 84469O DI 10.1117/12.927040 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDL69 UT WOS:000313675900292 ER PT S AU Macintosh, BA Anthony, A Atwood, J Barriga, N Bauman, B Caputa, K Chilcote, J Dillon, D Doyon, R Dunn, J Gavel, DT Galvez, R Goodsell, S Graham, JR Hartung, M Isaacs, J Kerley, D Konopacky, Q Labrie, K Larkin, J Maire, J Marois, C Millar-Blanchaer, M Nunez, A Oppenheimer, B Palmer, D Pazder, J Perrin, M Poyneer, LA Quiroz, C Rantakyro, F Reshtov, V Saddlemyer, L Sadakuni, N Savransky, D Sivaramakrishnan, A Smith, M Soummer, R Thomas, S Wallace, JK Weiss, J Wiktorowicz, S AF Macintosh, Bruce A. Anthony, Andre Atwood, Jenny Barriga, Nicolas Bauman, Brian Caputa, Kris Chilcote, Jeffery Dillon, Daren Doyon, Rene Dunn, Jennifer Gavel, Donald T. Galvez, Ramon Goodsell, Stephen Graham, James R. Hartung, Markus Isaacs, Joshua Kerley, Dan Konopacky, Quinn Labrie, Kathleen Larkin, James Maire, Jerome Marois, Christian Millar-Blanchaer, Max Nunez, Arturo Oppenheimer, Ben Palmer, David Pazder, John Perrin, Marshall Poyneer, Lisa A. Quiroz, Carlos Rantakyro, Fredrik Reshtov, Vlad Saddlemyer, Les Sadakuni, Naru Savransky, Dmitry Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Smith, Malcolm Soummer, Remi Thomas, Sandrine Wallace, J. Kent Weiss, Jason Wiktorowicz, Sloane BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI The Gemini Planet Imager: Integration and Test SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Adaptive optics; extrasolar planets; coronagraphy; integral field spectrograph ID POINT-SPREAD FUNCTIONS; CORONAGRAPHS; ASTROMETRY; PHOTOMETRY; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB The Gemini Planet Imager is a next-generation instrument for the direct detection and characterization of young warm exoplanets, designed to be an order of magnitude more sensitive than existing facilities. It combines a 1700-actuator adaptive optics system, an apodized-pupil Lyot coronagraph, a precision interferometric infrared wavefront sensor, and a integral field spectrograph. All hardware and software subsystems are now complete and undergoing integration and test at UC Santa Cruz. We will present test results on each subsystem and the results of end-to-end testing. In laboratory testing, GPI has achieved a raw contrast (without post-processing) of 10(-6) 5 sigma at 0.4 '', and with multiwavelength speckle suppression, 2x10(-7) at the same separation. C1 [Macintosh, Bruce A.; Bauman, Brian; Palmer, David; Poyneer, Lisa A.; Savransky, Dmitry] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-210, Livermore, CA 94040 USA. [Barriga, Nicolas; Goodsell, Stephen; Hartung, Markus; Nunez, Arturo; Thomas, Sandrine] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Dillon, Daren; Graham, James R.; Sadakuni, Naru] Univ Calif, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Doyon, Rene] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal H3C 3J7, PQ, Canada. [Gavel, Donald T.; Wiktorowicz, Sloane] UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Chilcote, Jeffery] UC Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Oppenheimer, Ben] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Anthony, Andre; Atwood, Jenny; Pazder, John; Reshtov, Vlad] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V8X 4M6, Canada. [Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Perrin, Marshall; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Soummer, Remi] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Konopacky, Quinn; Millar-Blanchaer, Max] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Isaacs, Joshua] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Macintosh, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-210, Livermore, CA 94040 USA. RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; Barriga, Nicolas/M-8398-2015 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Barriga, Nicolas/0000-0002-1914-3840 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9147-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8446 AR 84461U DI 10.1117/12.926721 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDL69 UT WOS:000313675900057 ER PT S AU Marshall, JL Kent, SM Diehl, HT Flaugher, B Frieman, J Kron, RG DePoy, DL Colless, M Saunders, W Smith, GA Lahav, O Abdalla, F Brooks, D Doel, P Kirk, D Annis, J Lin, H Marriner, JP Jouvel, S Seiffert, MD AF Marshall, J. L. Kent, Stephen M. Diehl, H. Thomas Flaugher, Brenna Frieman, Joshua Kron, Richard G. DePoy, D. L. Colless, Matthew Saunders, Will Smith, Greg A. Lahav, Ofer Abdalla, Filipe Brooks, David Doel, Peter Kirk, Donnacha Annis, James Lin, Huan Marriner, John P. Jouvel, Stephanie Seiffert, Michael D. BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI The Dark Energy Spectrometer-A Potential Multi-Fiber Instrument for the Blanco 4-meter Telescope SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE dark energy; fiber spectrometers; wide field spectroscopy AB We describe the preliminary design of the Dark Energy Spectrometer (DESpec), a fiber-fed spectroscopic instrument concept for the Blanco 4-meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). DESpec would take advantage of the infrastructure recently deployed for the Dark Energy Camera (DECam). DESpec would be mounted in the new DECam prime focus cage, would be interchangeable with DECam, would share the DECam optical corrector, and would feature a focal plane with similar to 4000 robotically positioned optical fibers feeding multiple high-throughput spectrometers. The instrument would have a field of view of 3.8 square degrees, a wavelength range of approximately 500= 1. Computing the bounds for general m requires minimization of exponential functions with the auxiliary parameters. The numerical results, however, show that weakening the bounds by considering marginal probabilities and the case of two transmissions is already tight. These bounds also provide good estimates of the expected throughput and expected latency, which are useful for optimization purposes. C1 [Chen, Tsung-Yi; Wesel, Richard D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Divsalar, Dariush] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chen, TY (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. FU NASA FX This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0223-4; 978-1-4673-0224-1 PY 2012 BP 477 EP 481 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDJ15 UT WOS:000313526400098 ER PT S AU Cornell, B Moore, DC Golwala, SR Bumble, B Day, PK LeDuc, HG Zmuidzinas, J AF Cornell, B. Moore, D. C. Golwala, S. R. Bumble, B. Day, P. K. LeDuc, H. G. Zmuidzinas, J. BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI High-resolution gamma-ray detection using phonon-mediated detectors SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy V CY JUL 01-04, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Kinetic inductance detectors; Phonon; Gamma ray; X-ray ID KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTORS AB We are presenting the results of our ongoing efforts to develop a new type of focal plane detector for the 10 to 100 keV band with an energy resolution of 0.1 %. The device will measure energy and position by using microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) to sense athermal phonons created by photon absorption in a dielectric substrate. We have fabricated a proof-of-concept detector of size 2 cm x 2 cm x 1 mm on silicon, which has demonstrated a baseline energy resolution of = 0.38 keV and = 0.55 keV at 30 keV. C1 [Cornell, B.; Moore, D. C.; Golwala, S. R.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bumble, B.; Day, P. K.; LeDuc, H. G.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Cornell, B (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM cornell@caltech.edu FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute for Technology, under contract from NASA; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NASA's Space Technology Research Fellowship program FX Our research was carried out primarily at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the California Institute for Technology, under contract from NASA. JPL's Microdevices Laboratory fabricated the devices used in this work. We would like to acknowledge the generous support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Our work benefited greatly from the expertise of, as well as software developed by, the CDMS/SuperCDMS collaboration for the development of phonon-mediated particle detectors. We would also like to thank NASA's Space Technology Research Fellowship program for its ongoing support. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9154-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8453 AR 84532N DI 10.1117/12.926829 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDL74 UT WOS:000313678800074 ER PT S AU Fox, OD Kutyrev, AS Rapchun, DA Klein, CR Butler, NR Bloom, J de Diego, JA Farah, A Gehrels, NA Georgiev, L Gonzalez, JJ Lee, WH Loose, M Lotkin, G Moseley, SH Prochaska, JX Ramirez-Ruiz, E Richer, MG Robinson, FD Roman-Zuniga, C Samuel, MV Sparr, LM Watson, AM AF Fox, Ori D. Kutyrev, Alexander S. Rapchun, David A. Klein, Christopher R. Butler, Nathaniel R. Bloom, Josh de Diego, Jose A. Farah, Alejandro Gehrels, Neil A. Georgiev, Leonid Jesus Gonzalez, J. Lee, William H. Loose, Markus Lotkin, Gennadiy Moseley, Samuel H. Prochaska, J. Xavier Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico Richer, Michael G. Robinson, Frederick D. Roman-Zuniga, Carlos Samuel, Mathew V. Sparr, Leroy M. Watson, Alan M. BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI Performance and Calibration of H2RG Detectors and SIDECAR ASICs for the RATIR Camera SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy V CY JUL 01-04, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE IR Detectors; HgCdTe; Hawaii-2RG; ASIC; SIDECAR; JADE2; Noise ID ARRAYS AB The Reionization And Transients Infra-Red camera has been built for rapid Gamma-Ray Burst followup and will provide simultaneous optical and infrared photometric capabilities. The infrared portion of this camera incorporates two Teledyne HgCdTe HAWAII-2RG detectors, controlled by Teledyne's SIDECAR ASICs. While other ground-based systems have used the SIDECAR before, this system also utilizes Teledyne's JADE2 interface card and IDE development environment. Together, this setup comprises Teledyne's Development Kit, which is a bundled solution that can be efficiently integrated into future ground-based systems. In this presentation, we characterize the system's read noise, dark current, and conversion gain. C1 [Fox, Ori D.; Kutyrev, Alexander S.; Rapchun, David A.; Gehrels, Neil A.; Lotkin, Gennadiy; Moseley, Samuel H.; Robinson, Frederick D.; Samuel, Mathew V.; Sparr, Leroy M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, MS 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kutyrev, Alexander S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Rapchun, David A.; Lotkin, Gennadiy; Samuel, Mathew V.] Global Sci Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Klein, Christopher R.; Bloom, Josh] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA USA. [Butler, Nathaniel R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [de Diego, Jose A.; Farah, Alejandro; Georgiev, Leonid; Jesus Gonzalez, J.; Lee, William H.; Watson, Alan M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Astron Inst, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Loose, Markus] Markury Sci, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Prochaska, J. Xavier; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Richer, Michael G.; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. [Robinson, Frederick D.] Orbital Sci Corp, Dulles, VA USA. RP Fox, OD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, MS 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ori.d.fox@nasa.gov RI Gonzalez, Jose/L-6687-2014; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/F-6602-2016; OI Gonzalez, Jose/0000-0002-3724-1583; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/0000-0001-8600-4798; Jose A., de Diego/0000-0001-7040-069X FU Instituto de Astronomia of the UNAM; UNAM/ DGAPA/ PAPIIT project [113810]; CONACyT project [INFR- 2009- 01- 122785, CB- 128556]; NASA [NNX09AH71G, NNX09AT02G, NNX10AI27G, NNX12AE66G]; NASA Postdoctoral Program ( NPP) FX For their time, expertise, hardware, and advice given to optimize our detector functionality, we would like to thank a number of people: James Beletic, Richard Blank, and Craig Cabelli from Teledyne Imaging Sensors; Nick Collins, Eliot Malumuth, and Bernard Rauscher from NASA Goddard; Lantrinh Degumbia, Gregory Delo, Brent Mott, Augustyn Waczynski, Yiting Wen, and Donna Wilson from NASA Goddard's Detector Characterization Laboratory ( DCL). We also thank Teledyne for their loan of one detector, as well as their continued support of the Synoptic All Sky InfraRed ( SASIR) survey. We finally thank Chris Bebek and the Joint Dark EnergyMission (JDEM) for their technical contributions. The automation of the OAN/SPM 1.5- meter Harold Johnson telescope was financed by the Instituto de Astronomia of the UNAM, by UNAM/DGAPA/PAPIIT project 113810, and by CONACyT project INFR-2009-01-122785. Additional funding was provided through CONACyT grant CB-128556. The design and construction of the RATIR instrument was partially financed by NASA grants NNX09AH71G, NNX09AT02G, NNX10AI27G, and NNX12AE66G. ODF thanks the NASA Postdoctoral Program ( NPP) fellowship for financial support. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9154-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8453 AR 84531O DI 10.1117/12.926620 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDL74 UT WOS:000313678800049 ER PT S AU Giardino, G Sirianni, M Birkmann, SM Rauscher, BJ Lindler, D Boeker, T Ferruit, P De Marchi, G Stuhlinger, M Jensen, P Strada, P AF Giardino, Giovanna Sirianni, Marco Birkmann, Stephan M. Rauscher, Bernard J. Lindler, Don Boeker, Torsten Ferruit, Pierre De Marchi, Guido Stuhlinger, Martin Jensen, Peter Strada, Paolo BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI NIRSpec detectors: noise properties and the effect of signal dependent inter-pixel crosstalk SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy V CY JUL 01-04, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE JWST; NIRSpec; Near Infrared Detectors; Noise; Crosstalk ID EFFICIENCY; ARRAYS AB NIRSpec (Near Infrared Spectrograph) is one of the four science instruments of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and its focal plane consists of two HAWAII-2RG sensors operating in the wavelength range 0.6-5.0 mu m. As part of characterizing NIRSpec, we studied the noise properties of these detectors under dark and illuminated conditions. Under dark conditions, and as already known, 1/f noise in the detector system produces somewhat more noise than can be accounted for by a simple model that includes white read noise and shot noise on integrated charge. More surprisingly, at high flux, we observe significantly lower total noise levels than expected. We show this effect to be due to pixel-to-pixel correlations introduced by signal dependent inter-pixel crosstalk, with an inter-pixel coupling factor, alpha, that ranges from similar to 0.01 for zero signal to similar to 0.03 close to saturation. C1 [Giardino, Giovanna; Sirianni, Marco; Birkmann, Stephan M.; Boeker, Torsten; Ferruit, Pierre; De Marchi, Guido] European Space Agcy, Estec, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Stuhlinger, Martin; Jensen, Peter; Strada, Paolo] European Space Agcy, ESAC, Villanueva Cannada, Spain. [Rauscher, Bernard J.; Lindler, Don] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Giardino, G (reprint author), European Space Agcy, Estec, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. EM giovanna.giardino@esa.int; marco.sirianni@esa.int NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9154-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8453 AR 84531T DI 10.1117/12.925357 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDL74 UT WOS:000313678800054 ER PT S AU Hamden, ET Greer, F Schiminovich, D Nikzad, S Martin, DC AF Hamden, Erika T. Greer, Frank Schiminovich, David Nikzad, Shouleh Martin, D. Christopher BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI UV photon-counting CCD detectors that enable the next generation of UV spectroscopy missions: AR coatings that can achieve 80-90% QE SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy V CY JUL 01-04, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE UV; Anti-reflection coatings; thin-films; CCDs ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; OZONE AB We describe recent progress in the development of anti-reflection coatings for use at UV wavelengths on CCDs and other Si-based detectors. We have previously demonstrated a set of coatings which are able to achieve greater than 50% QE in 4 bands from 130 nm to greater than 300 nm. We now present new refinements of these AR-coatings which will improve performance in a narrower band pass by 50% over previous work. Successful test films have been made to optimize transmission at 190 nm, reaching 80% potential transmission. C1 [Hamden, Erika T.; Schiminovich, David] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Greer, Frank; Nikzad, Shouleh] California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Martin, D. Christopher] California Inst Technol, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hamden, ET (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM hamden@astro.columbia.edu FU et Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; KISS; W.M. Keck Institute for Space Studies; NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program; NASA [NNX11AO07H, NNX12AF29G] FX The authors wish to thank Mike Lee of JPL for his assistance with ALD processes. The research was arried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. This work was partially supported by KISS, the W.M. Keck Institute for Space Studies, and by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program, NASA Grant NNX11AO07H, and NASA Grant NNX12AF29G. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9154-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8453 AR 845309 DI 10.1117/12.927208 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDL74 UT WOS:000313678800006 ER PT S AU Joshi, A Datta, S Rue, J Livas, J Silverberg, R Cervantes, FG AF Joshi, Abhay Datta, Shubhashish Rue, Jim Livas, Jeffrey Silverberg, Robert Cervantes, Felipe Guzman BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI Ultra-Low Noise, Large-Area InGaAs Quad Photoreceiver with Low Crosstalk for Laser Interferometry Space Antenna SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy V CY JUL 01-04, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE InGaAs photodiodes; quadrant photodetector; large area photodetector; very long baseline interferometer AB Quad photoreceivers, namely a 2 x 2 array of p-i-n photodiodes followed by a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) per diode, are required as the front-end photonic sensors in several applications relying on free-space propagation with position and direction sensing capability, such as long baseline interferometry, free-space optical communication, and biomedical imaging. It is desirable to increase the active area of quad photoreceivers (and photodiodes) to enhance the link gain, and therefore sensitivity, of the system. However, the resulting increase in the photodiode capacitance reduces the photoreceiver's bandwidth and adds to the excess system noise. As a result, the noise performance of the front-end quad photoreceiver has a direct impact on the sensitivity of the overall system. One such particularly challenging application is the space-based detection of gravitational waves by measuring distance at 1064 nm wavelength with similar to 10 pm/root Hz accuracy over a baseline of millions of kilometers. We present a 1 mm diameter quad photoreceiver having an equivalent input current noise density of <1.7 pA/root Hz per quadrant in 2 MHz to 20 MHz frequency range. This performance is primarily enabled by a rad-hard-by-design dual-depletion region InGaAs quad photodiode having 2.5 pF capacitance per quadrant. Moreover, the quad photoreceiver demonstrates a crosstalk of <-45 dB between the neighboring quadrants, which ensures an uncorrected direction sensing resolution of <50 nrad. The sources of this primarily capacitive crosstalk are presented. C1 [Joshi, Abhay; Datta, Shubhashish; Rue, Jim] Discovery Semicond Inc, 119 Silvia St, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. [Livas, Jeffrey; Silverberg, Robert] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cervantes, Felipe Guzman] Albert Einstein Instut Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Joshi, A (reprint author), Discovery Semicond Inc, 119 Silvia St, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. EM abhay@chipsat.com RI Guzman, Felipe/H-6453-2011 OI Guzman, Felipe/0000-0001-9136-929X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Phase I and Phase II SBIR contracts FX The authors thank National Aeronautics and Space Administration for supporting this work under Phase I and Phase II SBIR contracts. The authors also thank Mr. Mike Lange, Mr. Raphael Pantaleone, and Mr. Chris Nowacki for their contributions in manufacturing the devices presented here. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9154-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8453 AR 84532G DI 10.1117/12.918285 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDL74 UT WOS:000313678800068 ER PT S AU Loose, M Cheng, E Lohr, J Mott, B Waczynski, A Wen, YT Wilson, D AF Loose, Markus Cheng, Edward Lohr, James Mott, Brent Waczynski, Augustyn Wen, Yiting Wilson, Donna BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI Control Electronics for Large Mosaics of SIDECAR ASIC Driven Detectors SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy V CY JUL 01-04, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE detector electronics; SIDECAR ASIC; HxRG; detector mosaic; WFIRST AB Several of the next generation instruments require high-resolution visible or infrared focal plane arrays that can only be achieved by building large mosaics of individual detector arrays. A significant step towards enabling these mosaics has been the introduction of the SIDECAR ASIC by Teledyne Imaging Sensors, a single chip for generating biases and clocks to the image sensor, and for digitizing up to 36 sensor outputs. To support large detector mosaics, we have developed a new control electronics approach that operates up to 32 SIDECAR ASIC /HxRG detectors in parallel. Important properties of the electronics include separately programmable voltage supplies for each ASIC with programmable over-current and over-voltage protection, synchronized operation of all ASICs, and support for post-processing of science data like co-adding of frames, sample-up-the-ramp processing, or centroiding. All ASIC and detector modes are supported, including window/guide mode operation. The electronics uses a full mode CameraLink interface to provide 680 MBytes/s of sustained bandwidth. In this paper, we present an overview of the electronics architecture, including the general computer infrastructure for data acquisition, storage and sharing. We will discuss benefits and features of the chosen approach, and present data captured using a SIDECAR ASIC and H2RG detector. The effort was funded by NASA's WFIRST project as part of an initial technology demonstration for large space-based detector mosaics. C1 [Loose, Markus] Markury Sci, 518 Oakhampton St, Thousand Oaks, CA 91361 USA. [Cheng, Edward] Conceptual Analyt, Glenn Dale, MD 20769 USA. [Lohr, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 448, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mott, Brent; Waczynski, Augustyn; Wen, Yiting] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 553, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wilson, Donna] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 582, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Loose, M (reprint author), Markury Sci, 518 Oakhampton St, Thousand Oaks, CA 91361 USA. EM markus.loose@markury-scientific.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9154-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8453 AR 84531Q DI 10.1117/12.926932 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDL74 UT WOS:000313678800051 ER PT S AU Marsden, D Mazin, BA Bumble, B Meeker, S O'Brien, K McHugh, S Strader, M Langman, E AF Marsden, Danica Mazin, Benjamin A. Bumble, Bruce Meeker, Seth O'Brien, Kieran McHugh, Sean Strader, Matthew Langman, Eric BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI Optical Lumped Element Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy V CY JUL 01-04, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE MKIDs; cryogenic detectors; IFU; LTD; kinetic inductance detector; thin film; substrate event; TiN ID ASTROPHYSICS; ARRAYS AB Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, or MKIDs, have proven to be a powerful cryogenic detector technology due to their sensitivity and the ease with which they can be multiplexed into large arrays. An MKID is an energy sensor based on a photon-variable super conducting inductance in a lithographed microresonator. It is capable of functioning as both a photon detector across the electromagnetic spectrum and a particle detector. We have recently demonstrated the world's first photon-counting, energy-resolving, ultraviolet, optical, and near infrared MKID focal plane array in the ARCONS camera at the Palomar 200" telescope. Optical Lumped Element (OLE) MKID arrays have significant advantages over semiconductor detectors such as charge coupled devices (CCDs). They can count individual photons with essentially no false counts and determine the energy (to a few percent) and arrival time (to approximate to 1 mu s) of every photon, with good quantum efficiency. Initial devices were degraded by substrate events from photons passing through the Titanium Nitride (TiN) material of the resonator and being absorbed in the substrate. Recent work has eliminated this issue, with a solution found to be increasing the thickness of the TiN resonator from 20 to 60 nm. C1 [Marsden, Danica; Mazin, Benjamin A.; Meeker, Seth; O'Brien, Kieran; McHugh, Sean; Strader, Matthew; Langman, Eric] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bumble, Bruce] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Marsden, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM danica@physics.ucsb.edu RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011 OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AD54G]; Science Mission Directorate; Jet Propulsion Lab's Research & Technology Development Program; e W.M. Keck Institute for Space Studies; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This materia li sbased up on work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NNX09AD54G, issued through the Science Mission Directorate, Jet Propulsion Lab's Research & Technology Development Program, and a grant from the W.M. Keck Institute for Space Studies. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9154-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8453 AR 84530B DI 10.1117/12.924904 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDL74 UT WOS:000313678800007 ER PT S AU Miller, TM Jhabvala, CA Leong, E Costen, NP Sharp, E Adachi, T Benford, DJ AF Miller, Timothy M. Jhabvala, Christine A. Leong, Edward Costen, Nicholas P. Sharp, Elmer Adachi, Tomoko Benford, Dominic J. BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI Enabling large focal plane arrays through mosaic hybridization SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy V CY JUL 01-04, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Superconducting Indium Hybridization; Large Focal Plane; Mosaic Bolometer Array ID NITRIDE AB We have demonstrated advances in mosaic hybridization that will enable very large format far-infrared detectors. Specifically we have produced electrical detector models via mosaic hybridization yielding superconducting circuit paths by hybridizing separately fabricated sub-units onto a single detector unit. The detector model was made on a 100mm diameter wafer while four model readout quadrant chips were made from a separate 100mm wafer. The individually fabricated parts were hybridized using a flip-chip bonder to assemble the detector-readout stack. Once all of the hybridized readouts were in place, a single, large and thick silicon substrate was placed on the stack and attached with permanent epoxy to provide strength and a Coefficient of Thermal Expansion match to the silicon components underneath. Wirebond pads on the readout chips connect circuits to warm readout electronics; and were used to validate the successful superconducting electrical interconnection of the model mosaic-hybrid detector. This demonstration is directly scalable to 150 mm diameter wafers, enabling pixel areas over ten times the area currently available. C1 [Miller, Timothy M.; Jhabvala, Christine A.; Benford, Dominic J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Leong, Edward; Costen, Nicholas P.] BMEI Technol Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Sharp, Elmer] Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Adachi, Tomoko] Cathol Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM timothy.m.miller@nasa.gov RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9154-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8453 AR 84532H DI 10.1117/12.926491 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDL74 UT WOS:000313678800069 ER PT S AU Prigozhin, G Gendreau, K Foster, R Ricker, G Villasenor, J Doty, J Kenyon, S Arzoumanian, Z Redus, R Huber, A AF Prigozhin, G. Gendreau, K. Foster, R. Ricker, G. Villasenor, J. Doty, J. Kenyon, S. Arzoumanian, Z. Redus, R. Huber, A. BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI Characterization of the silicon drift detector for NICER instrument SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy V CY JUL 01-04, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE S DD; silicon drift detector; X-ray; drift time AB We have studied timing properties of the Amptek Silcon Drift Detectors (SDD) using pulsed X-ray source designed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The proposed Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) mission will use 56 of these detectors as X-ray sensors in an attached payload to the International Space Station to study time variability of millisecond X-ray pulsars. Using a rastered pinhole we have measured the delay times for single X-ray photons as a function of the impact position on the detector, as well as signal rise time as a function of impact position. We find that the interdependence of these parameters allows us to determine photon position on the detector by measuring the signal rise time, and, improve the accuracy of the photon arrival time measurement. C1 [Prigozhin, G.; Foster, R.; Ricker, G.; Villasenor, J.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gendreau, K.; Kenyon, S.; Arzoumanian, Z.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cambridge, MD USA. [Doty, J.] Noqsi Aerosp, Pine, CO USA. [Redus, R.; Huber, A.] Amptek Inc, Bedford, MA USA. RP Prigozhin, G (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU NASA FX This work was funded by NASA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9154-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8453 AR 845318 DI 10.1117/12.926667 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDL74 UT WOS:000313678800034 ER PT S AU Rauscher, BJ Arendt, RG Fixsen, DJ Lander, M Lindler, D Loose, M Moseley, SH Wilson, DV Xenophontos, C AF Rauscher, Bernard J. Arendt, Richard G. Fixsen, D. J. Lander, Matthew Lindler, Don Loose, Markus Moseley, S. H. Wilson, Donna V. Xenophontos, Christos BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI Reducing the Read Noise of HAWAII-2RG Detector Systems with Improved Reference Sampling and Subtraction (IRS2) SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy V CY JUL 01-04, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE HAWAII-2RG; H2RG; H4RG; SIDECAR; noise; read noise ID WEBB-SPACE-TELESCOPE AB IRS2 is a Wiener-optimal approach to using all of the reference information that Teledyne's HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detector array provides. Using a new readout pattern, IRS2 regularly interleaves reference pixels with the normal pixels during readout. This differs from conventional clocking, in which the reference pixels are read out infrequently, and only in a few rows and columns around the outside edges of the detector array. During calibration, the data are processed in Fourier space, which is close to the noise's eigenspace. Using IRS2, we have reduced the read noise of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near Infrared Spectrograph's (NIRSpec) H2RGs by 15% compared to conventional readout. We are attempting to achieve further gains by calibrating out a recently recognized non-stationary noise component that appears at the frame rate. Teledyne's new HAWAII-4RGs (H4RG) build in a flexible capability to interleave reference pixels. We eagerly look forward to applying IRS2 techniques to H4RGs when the opportunity arises. C1 [Rauscher, Bernard J.; Lander, Matthew; Moseley, S. H.; Wilson, Donna V.; Xenophontos, Christos] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arendt, Richard G.] CREEST, UMBC, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Fixsen, D. J.] CREEST, UMd, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lindler, Don] Sigma Space Corp, GFSC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Loose, Markus] Markury Sci Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Lander, Matthew; Wilson, Donna V.; Xenophontos, Christos] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Rauscher, BJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ernard.J.Rauscher@nasa.gov FU NASA as part of the James Webb Space Telescope Project FX This work was funded by NASA as part of the James Webb Space Telescope Project. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9154-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8453 AR 84531F DI 10.1117/12.926089 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDL74 UT WOS:000313678800041 ER PT J AU Rungta, N Person, S Branchaud, J AF Rungta, Neha Person, Suzette Branchaud, Joshua BE Tonella, P DiPenta, M Maletic, JI TI A Change Impact Analysis to Characterize Evolving Program Behaviors SO 2012 28TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE (ICSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM) CY SEP 23-28, 2012 CL Riva del Garda, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Tech Council Software Engn ID SYMBOLIC EXECUTION; TOOL AB Change impact analysis techniques estimate the potential effects of changes made to software. Directed Incremental Symbolic Execution (DiSE) is an intraprocedural technique for characterizing the impact of software changes on program behaviors. DiSE first estimates the impact of the changes on the source code using program slicing techniques, and then uses the impact sets to guide symbolic execution to generate path conditions that characterize impacted program behaviors. DiSE, however, cannot reason about the flow of impact between methods and will fail to generate path conditions for certain impacted program behaviors. In this work, we present iDiSE, an extension to DiSE that performs an interprocedural analysis. iDiSE combines static and dynamic calling context information to efficiently generate impacted program behaviors across calling contexts. Information about impacted program behaviors is useful for testing, verification, and debugging of evolving programs. We present a case-study of our implementation of the iDiSE algorithm to demonstrate its efficiency at computing impacted program behaviors. Traditional notions of coverage are insufficient for characterizing the testing efforts used to validate evolving program behaviors because they do not take into account the impact of changes to the code. In this work we present novel definitions of impacted coverage metrics that are useful for evaluating the testing effort required to test evolving programs. We then describe how the notions of impacted coverage can be used to configure techniques such as DiSE and iDiSE in order to support regression testing related tasks. We also discuss how DiSE and iDiSE can be configured for debugging; finding the root cause of errors introduced by changes made to the code. In our empirical evaluation we demonstrate that the configurations of DiSE and iDiSE can be used to support various software maintenance tasks. C1 [Rungta, Neha] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Person, Suzette] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Branchaud, Joshua] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Rungta, N (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM neha.s.rungta@nasa.gov; suzette.person@nasa.gov; jbrancha@cse.unl.edu NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2312-3 PY 2012 BP 109 EP 118 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDK95 UT WOS:000313625800013 ER PT S AU Kukreja, SL Stone, LS Boyle, RD AF Kukreja, Sunil L. Stone, Leland S. Boyle, Richard D. GP IEEE TI A Sparse Matrix Approach for Simultaneous Quantification of Nystagmus and Saccade SO 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC) SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Engn Med & Biol Soc (EMBS), CAS, SMC, PubMed, MEDLINE ID NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS; VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX; MODEL AB The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) consists of two intermingled non-linear subsystems; namely, nystagmus and saccade. Typically, nystagmus is analysed using a single sufficiently long signal or a concatenation of them. Saccade information is not analysed and discarded due to insufficient data length to provide consistent and minimum variance estimates. This paper presents a novel sparse matrix approach to system identification of the VOR. It allows for the simultaneous estimation of both nystagmus and saccade signals. We show via simulation of the VOR that our technique provides consistent and unbiased estimates in the presence of output additive noise. C1 [Kukreja, Sunil L.] NASA, Res Engn Directorate, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Kukreja, SL (reprint author), NASA, Res Engn Directorate, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA USA. EM Sunil.L.Kukreja@nasa.gov; Leland.S.Stone@nasa.gov; Richard.Boyle@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4577-1787-1 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2012 BP 5478 EP 5481 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDH78 UT WOS:000313296505170 ER PT J AU Mandrake, L Rebbapragada, U Wagstaff, KL Thompson, D Chien, S Tran, D Pappalardo, RT Gleeson, D Castano, R AF Mandrake, Lukas Rebbapragada, Umaa Wagstaff, Kiri L. Thompson, David Chien, Steve Tran, Daniel Pappalardo, Robert T. Gleeson, Damhnait Castano, Rebecca TI Surface Sulfur Detection via Remote Sensing and Onboard Classification SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Performance; Remote sensing; support vector machines; feature selection ID HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; LIFE BENEATH; ALGORITHM; EUROPA; CYCLE; EO-1; MARS; ICE AB Orbital remote sensing provides a powerful way to efficiently survey targets such as the Earth and other planets and moons for features of interest. One such feature of astrobiological relevance is the presence of surface sulfur deposits. These deposits have been observed to be associated with microbial activity at the Borup Fiord glacial springs in Canada, a location that may provide an analogue to other icy environments such as Europa. This article evaluates automated classifiers for detecting sulfur in remote sensing observations by the hyperion spectrometer on the EO-1 spacecraft. We determined that a data-driven machine learning solution was needed because the sulfur could not be detected by simply matching observations to sulfur lab spectra. We also evaluated several methods (manual and automated) for identifying the most relevant attributes (spectral wavelengths) needed for successful sulfur detection. Our findings include (1) the Borup Fiord sulfur deposits were best modeled as containing two sub-populations: sulfur on ice and sulfur on rock; (2) as expected, classifiers using Gaussian kernels outperformed those based on linear kernels, and should be adopted when onboard computational constraints permit; and (3) Recursive Feature Elimination selected sensible and effective features for use in the computationally constrained environment onboard EO-1. This study helped guide the selection of algorithm parameters and configuration for the classification system currently operational on EO-1. Finally, we discuss implications for a similar onboard classification system for a future Europa orbiter. C1 [Mandrake, Lukas; Rebbapragada, Umaa; Wagstaff, Kiri L.; Thompson, David; Chien, Steve; Tran, Daniel; Pappalardo, Robert T.; Gleeson, Damhnait; Castano, Rebecca] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mandrake, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 306-463, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lukas.mandrake@jpl.nasa.gov OI Wagstaff, Kiri/0000-0003-4401-5506 FU NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program [NNX07AR28G] FX This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Special thanks to the JPL Supercomputing and Visualization Facility for their support. Expert label generation and analysis was carried out by Damhnait Gleeson under the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program grant NNX07AR28G to Dr. Robert T. Pappalardo. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 2157-6904 J9 ACM T INTEL SYST TEC JI ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 AR 77 DI 10.1145/2337542.2337562 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 073ST UT WOS:000313763500020 ER PT J AU Watson, AB Ahumada, AJ AF Watson, Andrew B. Ahumada, Albert J. TI Modeling acuity for optotypes varying in complexity SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE acuity; ideal observer; optotypes; Chinese characters; Sloan letters ID ADAPTED PUPIL SIZE; VISUAL-ACUITY; IMAGE QUALITY; LETTER IDENTIFICATION; EYE; CONTRAST; LIGHT; DISCRIMINATION; RECOGNITION; ABERRATIONS AB Watson and Ahumada (2008) described a template model of visual acuity based on an ideal-observer limited by optical filtering, neural filtering, and noise. They computed predictions for selected optotypes and optical aberrations. Here we compare this model's predictions to acuity data for six human observers, each viewing seven different optotype sets, consisting of one set of Sloan letters and six sets of Chinese characters, differing in complexity (Zhang, Zhang, Xue, Liu, & Yu, 2007). Since optical aberrations for the six observers were unknown, we constructed 200 model observers using aberrations collected from 200 normal human eyes (Thibos, Hong, Bradley, & Cheng, 2002). For each condition (observer, optotype set, model observer) we estimated the model noise required to match the data. Expressed as efficiency, performance for Chinese characters was 1.4 to 2.7 times lower than for Sloan letters. Efficiency was weakly and inversely related to perimetric complexity of optotype set. We also compared confusion matrices for human and model observers. Correlations for off-diagonal elements ranged from 0.5 to 0.8 for different sets, and the average correlation for the template model was superior to a geometrical moment model with a comparable number of parameters (Liu, Klein, Xue, Zhang, & Yu, 2009). The template model performed well overall. Estimated psychometric function slopes matched the data, and noise estimates agreed roughly with those obtained independently from contrast sensitivity to Gabor targets. For optotypes of low complexity, the model accurately predicted relative performance. This suggests the model may be used to compare acuities measured with different sets of simple optotypes. C1 [Watson, Andrew B.; Ahumada, Albert J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Watson, AB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM andrew.b.watson@nasa.gov FU NASA Space Human Factors Engineering [WBS 466199]; Office of Naval Research Award [N0001411WX21610] FX We thank Dr. Cong Yu and Jun-Yun Zhang for providing the Chinese character optotypes. We thank Larry Thibos for providing the wavefront data. Thanks to Jack Yellott for urging a clearer look at the pupil reflex. This work was supported by NASA Space Human Factors Engineering WBS 466199 and Office of Naval Research Award N0001411WX21610. ABW is employed by NASA, which has patent interests in this work. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 1534-7362 J9 J VISION JI J. Vision PY 2012 VL 12 IS 10 AR 19 DI 10.1167/12.10.19 PG 19 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 075LB UT WOS:000313886400019 ER PT J AU Watson, AB Yellott, JI AF Watson, Andrew B. Yellott, John I. TI A unified formula for light-adapted pupil size SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE pupil diameter; pupil reflex; light adaptation; age; contrast sensitivity function; senile miosis; retinal illuminance ID GANGLION-CELLS; IMAGE QUALITY; ACCOMMODATION; DIAMETER; ILLUMINATION; RESPONSES; DILATION; RETINA AB The size of the pupil has a large effect on visual function, and pupil size depends mainly on the adapting luminance, modulated by other factors. Over the last century, a number of formulas have been proposed to describe this dependence. Here we review seven published formulas and develop a new unified formula that incorporates the effects of luminance, size of the adapting field, age of the observer, and whether one or both eyes are adapted. We provide interactive demonstrations and software implementations of the unified formula. C1 [Watson, Andrew B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Yellott, John I.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Cognit Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Watson, AB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM andrew.b.watson@nasa.gov FU NASA Space Human Factors Engineering [WBS 466199] FX This work was supported by NASA Space Human Factors Engineering (WBS 466199). We thank Larry Thibos for providing the wavefront data used to create Figure 1. NR 42 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 25 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 1534-7362 J9 J VISION JI J. Vision PY 2012 VL 12 IS 10 AR 12 DI 10.1167/12.10.12 PG 16 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 075LB UT WOS:000313886400012 PM 23012448 ER PT J AU Estlin, TA Bornstein, BJ Gaines, DM Anderson, RC Thompson, DR Burl, M Castpano, R Judd, M AF Estlin, Tara A. Bornstein, Benjamin J. Gaines, Daniel M. Anderson, Robert C. Thompson, David R. Burl, Michael Castpano, Rebecca Judd, Michele TI AEGIS Automated Science Targeting for the MER Opportunity Rover SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Experimentation; Data analysis; spacecraft autonomy; autonomous science ID MARS AB The Autonomous Exploration for Gathering Increased Science (AEGIS) system enables automated data collection by planetary rovers. AEGIS software was uploaded to the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission's Opportunity rover in December 2009 and has successfully demonstrated automated onboard targeting based on scientist-specified objectives. Prior to AEGIS, images were transmitted from the rover to the operations team on Earth; scientists manually analyzed the images, selected geological targets for the rover's remote-sensing instruments, and then generated a command sequence to execute the new measurements. AEGIS represents a significant paradigm shift-by using onboard data analysis techniques, the AEGIS software uses scientist input to select high-quality science targets with no human in the loop. This approach allows the rover to autonomously select and sequence targeted observations in an opportunistic fashion, which is particularly applicable for narrow field-of-view instruments (such as the MER Mini-TES spectrometer, the MER Panoramic camera, and the 2011 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) ChemCam spectrometer). This article provides an overview of the AEGIS automated targeting capability and describes how it is currently being used onboard the MER mission Opportunity rover. C1 [Estlin, Tara A.; Bornstein, Benjamin J.; Gaines, Daniel M.; Anderson, Robert C.; Thompson, David R.; Burl, Michael; Castpano, Rebecca] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Judd, Michele] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Estlin, TA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 301-260, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tara.estlin@jpl.nasa.gov OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-8518-6307 FU NASA New Millennium Program; NASA Mars Technology Program; JPL Interplanetary Network Development Program; NASA Intelligent Systems Program; Mars Exploration Mission FX This research was funded by the NASA New Millennium Program, the NASA Mars Technology Program, the JPL Interplanetary Network Development Program, and the NASA Intelligent Systems Program.; The research described in this article was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. We would like to thank the Mars Exploration Mission for their support of this work. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 2157-6904 J9 ACM T INTEL SYST TEC JI ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 AR 50 DI 10.1145/2168752.2168764 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 073SS UT WOS:000313763400012 ER PT J AU Hayden, DS Chien, S Thompson, DR Castano, R AF Hayden, David S. Chien, Steve Thompson, David R. Castano, Rebecca TI Using Clustering and Metric Learning to Improve Science Return of Remote Sensed Imagery SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Experimentation; Human Factors; Onboard data analysis; selective data return; information retrieval; space exploration; clustering ID DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; CHERNOFF CRITERION; LDA; ALGORITHMS; REDUCTION; SYSTEM AB Current and proposed remote space missions, such as the proposed aerial exploration of Titan by an aerobot, often can collect more data than can be communicated back to Earth. Autonomous selective downlink algorithms can choose informative subsets of data to improve the science value of these bandwidth-limited transmissions. This requires statistical descriptors of the data that reflect very abstract and subtle distinctions in science content. We propose a metric learning strategy that teaches algorithms how best to cluster new data based on training examples supplied by domain scientists. We demonstrate that clustering informed by metric learning produces results that more closely match multiple scientists' labelings of aerial data than do clusterings based on random or periodic sampling. A new metric-learning strategy accommodates training sets produced by multiple scientists with different and potentially inconsistent mission objectives. Our methods are fit for current spacecraft processors (e.g., RAD750) and would further benefit from more advanced spacecraft processor architectures, such as OPERA. C1 [Hayden, David S.; Chien, Steve; Thompson, David R.; Castano, Rebecca] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hayden, DS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dshayden@mit.edu OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-8518-6307 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology FX Portions of this work were performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Additional support came from the National Science Foundation through a Graduate Research Fellowship to D. S. Hayden. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 2157-6904 J9 ACM T INTEL SYST TEC JI ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 AR 51 DI 10.1145/2168752.2168765 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 073SS UT WOS:000313763400013 ER PT J AU Wagstaff, KL Panetta, J Ansar, A Greeley, R Hoffer, MP Bunte, M Schorghofer, N AF Wagstaff, Kiri L. Panetta, Julian Ansar, Adnan Greeley, Ronald Hoffer, Mary Pendleton Bunte, Melissa Schoerghofer, Norbert TI Dynamic Landmarking for Surface Feature Identification and Change Detection SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Performance; Change detection; image analysis; salience ID MARS ORBITER CAMERA; VISUAL-ATTENTION; MUTUAL INFORMATION; 3 DECADES; SALIENCY; CLASSIFICATION; NETWORKS; CRATERS; MISSION; SYSTEM AB Given the large volume of images being sent back from remote spacecraft, there is a need for automated analysis techniques that can quickly identify interesting features in those images. Feature identification in individual images and automated change detection in multiple images of the same target are valuable for scientific studies and can inform subsequent target selection. We introduce a new approach to orbital image analysis called dynamic landmarking. It focuses on the identification and comparison of visually salient features in images. We have evaluated this approach on images collected by five Mars orbiters. These evaluations were motivated by three scientific goals: to study fresh impact craters, dust devil tracks, and dark slope streaks on Mars. In the process we also detected a different kind of surface change that may indicate seasonally exposed bedforms. These experiences also point the way to how this approach could be used in an onboard setting to analyze and prioritize data as it is collected. C1 [Wagstaff, Kiri L.; Panetta, Julian; Ansar, Adnan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Greeley, Ronald; Hoffer, Mary Pendleton; Bunte, Melissa] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Schoerghofer, Norbert] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wagstaff, KL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 306-463, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kiri.wagstaff@jpl.nasa.gov RI Schorghofer, Norbert/A-1194-2007; OI Wagstaff, Kiri/0000-0003-4401-5506 FU NASA's Applied Information Systems Research Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology FX This work was funded by a grant from NASA's Applied Information Systems Research Program. It was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 2157-6904 EI 2157-6912 J9 ACM T INTEL SYST TEC JI ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 3 AR 49 DI 10.1145/2168752.2168763 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 073SS UT WOS:000313763400011 ER PT J AU Wilkin, SM Cordaro, J Gulland, FMD Wheeler, E Dunkin, R Sigler, T Casper, D Berman, M Flannery, M Fire, S Wang, ZH Colegrove, K Baker, J AF Wilkin, Sarah M. Cordaro, Joe Gulland, Frances M. D. Wheeler, Elizabeth Dunkin, Robin Sigler, Teri Casper, Dave Berman, Michelle Flannery, Moe Fire, Spencer Wang, Zhihong Colegrove, Kathleen Baker, Jason TI An Unusual Mortality Event of Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Off Central California: Increase in Blunt Trauma Rather Than an Epizootic SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE mortality; trauma; harbor porpoise; Phocoena phocoena; infanticide; domoic acid; stranding; UME ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; VIOLENT INTERACTIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; DOMOIC ACID; SEA LIONS; ABUNDANCE; INFANTICIDE; TOXICITY; REGION AB In 2007, the apparent increase in the number of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranding along the central California coast compared to the number of strandings the previous year resulted in the declaration of an Unusual Mortality Event by the National Marine Fisheries Service. A statistically significant increase in strandings occurred in 2008 and 2009, with more than twice the mean annual number of strandings documented per year in the previous decade occurring each year, but then strandings decreased in 2010. No single cause of mortality explained all the strandings, and there were no significant changes in age class or sex of strandings in 2008 and 2009. Trauma, including interspecific aggression and fisheries interactions, was the most common cause of death, and blunt force trauma increased significantly in August through October of 2008 and 2009. Domoic acid toxicosis was documented for the first time in this species. Although the cause of death for many strandings was unidentified, the increase in strandings in 2008-2009 reflects an increase in blunt trauma rather than an epizootic of disease. C1 [Wilkin, Sarah M.; Cordaro, Joe] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.; Wheeler, Elizabeth] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Dunkin, Robin; Sigler, Teri; Casper, Dave] Univ Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Berman, Michelle] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. [Flannery, Moe] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Fire, Spencer; Wang, Zhihong] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Colegrove, Kathleen] Univ Illinois, Loyola Univ Med Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Baker, Jason] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wilkin, SM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 501 W Ocean Blvd,Suite 4200, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. EM Sarah.Wilkin@noaa.gov RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014 OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 3 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.301 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 066JD UT WOS:000313215800007 ER PT S AU Holmes, TRH Crow, WT Jackson, TJ de Jeu, RAM Reichle, RH Cosh, MH AF Holmes, Thomas R. H. Crow, Wade T. Jackson, Thomas J. de Jeu, Richard A. M. Reichle, Rolf H. Cosh, Michael H. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Assessment of soil moisture retrieval with numerical weather prediction model temperatures SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE land surface temperature; soil moisture retrieval; WindSat; LPRM ID MICROWAVE; RADIOMETER AB The effect of using a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) soil temperature product instead of estimates provided by concurrent 37 GHz data on satellite-based passive microwave retrieval of soil moisture was evaluated. This was prompted by the change in system configuration of preceding multi-frequency satellites to new single frequency L-band missions. In situ soil moisture data from four watershed sites in the USA were used to assess this change with one soil moisture retrieval algorithm. The temperature product substitution resulted in a large decrease in sensitivity to in situ soil moisture changes, and illustrates the complications of moving from a coincident source to interpolation of modelled temperature. C1 [Holmes, Thomas R. H.; Crow, Wade T.; Jackson, Thomas J.; Cosh, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [de Jeu, Richard A. M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Hydrol & Geo Environm Sci, NL-1082 Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Reichle, Rolf H.] Hydrol Sci Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Holmes, TRH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thomas.holmes@ars.usda.gov RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; Holmes, Thomas/F-4512-2010 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Holmes, Thomas/0000-0002-4651-0079 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 3 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500001 ER PT S AU Hall, DK Foster, JL Digirolamo, NE Barton, JS Riggs, GA AF Hall, Dorothy K. Foster, James L. Digirolamo, Nicolo E. Barton, Jonathan S. Riggs, George A. BE Neale, CMU Cosh, MH TI Snow cover and stream discharge in the Wina River Range, Wyoming, USA, 1970-2009 SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium CY SEP 27-30, 2010 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP IAHS, Int Commiss Remote Sens DE Wind River Range; USA; MODIS; seasonal snow cover; streamflow AB Ten years of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow-cover maps and 40 years of stream discharge and meteorological station data are studied along with 30 years of snow-water equivalent (SWE) SNOw TELemetry (SNOTEL) data in the Wind River Range (WRR), Wyoming. We found stream discharge to be lower, with earlier snowmelt onset in the decade of the 2000s as compared to the previous three decades, though no trend of either lower streamflow or earlier snowmelt was detected within the decade of the 2000s. SWE on 1 April does not show an expected downward trend since 1980. The extent of snow cover derived from the lowest-elevation zone of the WRR study area is strongly correlated with maximum-monthly discharge on 1 May, where r = 0.91 for the decade of the 2000s. Changes in streamflow may be related to increasing air temperatures during the 40-year study period, possibly contributing to a reduction in snow cover. C1 [Hall, Dorothy K.; Foster, James L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Riggs, George A.] SSAL Lanham, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Barton, Jonathan S.] UMBC GEST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Hall, DK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dorothy.k.hall@nasa.gov FU NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Project FX The Pinedale Ranger District in Wyoming provided much useful information that aided us in this work. This work is supported by NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Project. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-27-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 352 BP 67 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BDK60 UT WOS:000313596500016 ER PT S AU Tanelli, S Tao, WK Matsui, T Hostetler, C Hair, J Butler, C Kuo, KS Niamsuwan, N Johnson, MP Jacob, JC Tsang, L Shams, K Jaruwatanadilok, S Oveisgharan, S Simard, M Turk, FJ AF Tanelli, Simone Tao, Wei-Kuo Matsui, Toshihisa Hostetler, Chris Hair, Johnathan Butler, Carolyn Kuo, Kwo-Sen Niamsuwan, Noppasin Johnson, Michael P. Jacob, Joseph C. Tsang, Leung Shams, Khawaja Jaruwatanadilok, Sermsak Oveisgharan, Shadi Simard, Marc Turk, Francis J. BE Kawamiya, M Krishnamurti, TN Maksyutov, S TI Integrated instrument simulator suites for Earth Science SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEANS, AND INTERACTIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Interactions IV CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE Forward modeling; radiative transfer; scattering; emission ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; SUCCESSIVE-ORDER; SCATTERING METHOD; EMISSIVITY MODEL; ATMOSPHERE AB The NASA Earth Observing System Simulators Suite (NEOS3) is a modular framework of forward simulations tools for remote sensing of Earth's Atmosphere from space. It was initiated as the Instrument Simulator Suite for Atmospheric Remote Sensing (ISSARS) under the NASA Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) program of the Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) to enable science users to perform simulations based on advanced atmospheric and simple land surface models, and to rapidly integrate in a broad framework any experimental or innovative tools that they may have developed in this context. The name was changed to NEOS3 when the project was expanded to include more advanced modeling tools for the surface contributions, accounting for scattering and emission properties of layered surface (e.g., soil moisture, vegetation, snow and ice, subsurface layers). NEOS3 relies on a web-based graphic user interface, and a three-stage processing strategy to generate simulated measurements. The user has full control over a wide range of customizations both in terms of a priori assumptions and in terms of specific solvers or models used to calculate the measured signals. This presentation will demonstrate the general architecture, the configuration procedures and illustrate some sample products and the fundamental interface requirements for modules candidate for integration. C1 [Tanelli, Simone; Niamsuwan, Noppasin; Johnson, Michael P.; Jacob, Joseph C.; Shams, Khawaja; Jaruwatanadilok, Sermsak; Oveisgharan, Shadi; Simard, Marc; Turk, Francis J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tao, Wei-Kuo; Matsui, Toshihisa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hostetler, Chris; Hair, Johnathan; Butler, Carolyn] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Kuo, Kwo-Sen] Caelum Res Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Tsang, Leung] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA. RP Tanelli, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. OI Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9268-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8529 AR 85290D DI 10.1117/12.977577 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDL52 UT WOS:000313662700007 ER PT S AU Braaten, BD Roy, S Nariyal, S Aziz, MA Chamberlain, NF Anagnostou, DE AF Braaten, Benjamin D. Roy, Sayan Nariyal, Sanjay Aziz, Masud A. Chamberlain, Neil F. Anagnostou, Dimitris E. GP IEEE TI Half-Power Beamwidth of a Self-Adapting Conformal 1 X 4 Microstrip Array SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc AB A new four element self-adapting conformal microstrip antenna array with an embedded sensor system and voltage controlled phase shifters is introduced. The sensor systems consists of a flexible resistive sensor used to measure the shape of the conformal surface and circuitry for measuring the resistance of the sensor. The voltage controlled phase shifters are controlled by the sensing circuitry and are used to introduce a specific phase compensation that dynamically preserves the radiation pattern of the array as the shape of the antenna changes. Specifically, in this work, the autonomous recovery of the half-power beam-width (HPBW) of the four element array is investigated. C1 [Braaten, Benjamin D.; Roy, Sayan; Nariyal, Sanjay; Aziz, Masud A.] North Dakota State Univ, ECE Dept, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Chamberlain, Neil F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Spacecraft Antennas Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Anagnostou, Dimitris E.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, ECE Dept, S Dakota, SD 57701 USA. RP Braaten, BD (reprint author), North Dakota State Univ, ECE Dept, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM benbraaten@ieee.org; neil.f.chamberlain@jpl.nasa.gov; danagn@ieee.org RI Anagnostou, Dimitris/A-3124-2009 OI Anagnostou, Dimitris/0000-0003-4266-0309 FU NASA ND EPSCoR [0017786]; DARPA/ MTO Young Faculty Award [N66001- 11- 1- 4145] FX This work has been supported in part by the NASA ND EPSCoR under agreement number 0017786 and by the DARPA/ MTO Young Faculty Award under agreement number N66001- 11- 1- 4145. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442300310 ER PT S AU Chamberlain, N Hodges, R Vacchione, J Zawadzki, M AF Chamberlain, N. Hodges, R. Vacchione, J. Zawadzki, M. GP IEEE TI The Proposed DESDynI Array-Fed Reflector Feed SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB This paper describes the feed antenna for a proposed NASA Earth orbiting radar sensor currently in formulation at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The proposed array-fed reflector antenna architecture would enable large physical aperture imaging from space at relatively low cost and high technology readiness. Design, construction, and modeling of the feed antenna are described. C1 [Chamberlain, N.; Hodges, R.; Vacchione, J.; Zawadzki, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Spacecraft Antennas Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chamberlain, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Spacecraft Antennas Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Neil.F.Chamberlain@jpl.nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301374 ER PT S AU Cure, D Weller, TM Miranda, FA AF Cure, David Weller, Thomas M. Miranda, Felix A. GP IEEE TI Non-Uniform Bias Enhancement of a Varactor-Tuned FSS used with a Low Profile 2.4 GHz Dipole Antenna SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc AB In this paper a low profile antenna using a nonuniformly biased varactor-tuned frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented. The tunable FSS avoids the use of vias and has a simplified DC bias network. The voltages to the DC bias ports can be varied independently allowing adjustment in the frequency response and enhanced radiation properties. The measured data demonstrate tunability from 2.15 GHz to 2.63 GHz with peak efficiencies that range from 50% to 90% and instantaneous bandwidths of 50 MHz to 280 MHz within the tuning range. The total antenna thickness is approximately lambda/45. C1 [Cure, David; Weller, Thomas M.] Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Miranda, Felix A.] NASA, John H Glenn Res, Antenna & Opt Syst Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Cure, D (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM dcure@mail.usf.edu; felix.a.miranda@nasa.gov FU NASA Glenn Research Center's Graduate Student Researcher Program [NNX10AL41H]; NSF [ECS-0901779] FX The authors thank Rogers Corporation for donating the substrates used in this work. This work was partially supported in by NASA Glenn Research Center's Graduate Student Researcher Program ( Grant # NNX10AL41H) and by NSF Grant # ECS-0901779. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442300041 ER PT S AU Focardi, P Brown, PR AF Focardi, Paolo Brown, Paula R. GP IEEE TI A Dual-polarized, Dual-frequency, Corrugated Feed Horn for SMAP SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB SMAP will be the first Earth science mission to use a deployable 6m mesh reflector for both radar and radiometric measurements from low Earth orbit. The instrument antenna will spin at about 14 rpm, making the design of both reflector and feed more challenging. While the performance requirements imposed by the radar instrument are relatively benign, those pertinent to the radiometer are more difficult to meet. Extreme care was necessary in designing the feed, especially from a performance stability perspective. Thermal variations due to the spacecraft going in and out of eclipse during orbit and direct solar radiation into the horn are just two of the challenges faced during the design phase. In this paper, the basic concepts behind the design of SMAP's feed will be discussed. Each component of the feed will be analyzed in detail with particular emphasis on its impact on major RF requirements. Overall performance of the feed will also be discussed. C1 [Focardi, Paolo; Brown, Paula R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Focardi, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Paolo.Focardi@jpl.nasa.gov; Paula.R.Brown@jpl.nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301375 ER PT S AU Hodges, R Zawadzki, M AF Hodges, Richard Zawadzki, Mark GP IEEE TI Ka-Band Reflectarray for Interferometric SAR Altimeter SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB This paper describes a large dual-beam, dual polarized Ka-Band reflectarray antenna prototype which was developed to demonstrate that key requirements of a space borne interferometric radar altimeter are achievable. The antenna consists of a 2.5 x 0.26 m aperture comprised of a rectangular grid of square patch printed circuit elements. The 2.6 m focal length offset-fed reflector is illuminated by a waveguide slot array feed focused in the nearfield. Measured results show good agreement with gain and radiation pattern predictions and demonstrates >50% aperture efficiency. C1 [Hodges, Richard; Zawadzki, Mark] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Spacecraft Antennas Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hodges, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Spacecraft Antennas Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Richard.E.Hodges@jpl.nasa.gov; Mark.S.Zawadzki@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301319 ER PT S AU Khayatian, B Hoppe, DJ Britcliffe, MJ Gama, E AF Khayatian, Behrouz Hoppe, Daniel J. Britcliffe, Michael J. Gama, Eric GP IEEE TI Strut Shaping of 34m BeamWaveguide Antenna for Reductions in Near-Field RF and Noise Temperature SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB Strut shaping of NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) 34m Beam Waveguide (BWG) antenna has been implemented to reduce near-field RF exposure while improving the antenna noise temperature. Strut shaping was achieved by introducing an RF shield that does not compromise the structural integrity of the existing antenna. Reduction in the RF near-field level will compensate for the planned transmit power increase of the antenna from 20 kW to 80 kW while satisfying safety requirements for RF exposure. Measured antenna noise temperature was also improved by as much as 1.5 K for the low elevation angles and 0.5 K in other areas. C1 [Khayatian, Behrouz; Hoppe, Daniel J.; Britcliffe, Michael J.; Gama, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Khayatian, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Behrouz.Khayatian@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301390 ER PT S AU Reck, T Jung-Kubiak, C Lee, C Chattopadhyay, G Mehdi, I Llombart-Juan, N AF Reck, Theodore Jung-Kubiak, Cecile Lee, Choonsup Chattopadhyay, Goutam Mehdi, Imran Llombart-Juan, Nuria GP IEEE TI Terahertz Antenna for Arrays of Hundreds of Pixels SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB Array technology is currently being applied to terahertz (THz) remote sensing systems to improve sensitivity and scanning speed. An integral component to these arrayed systems is the antenna feed structures since they must satisfy challenging manufacturing requirements to support the high densities and high pixel counts required. This paper reviews the current technologies used for THz antennae and discusses their impediments to arraying. Several new antenna designs are efficiently arrayed are discussed. C1 [Reck, Theodore; Jung-Kubiak, Cecile; Lee, Choonsup; Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Reck, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Theodore.Reck@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301373 ER PT S AU Schlecht, E Jamnejad, V AF Schlecht, Erich Jamnejad, Vahraz GP IEEE TI Dual-band Optical Bench for Terahertz Radiometer for Outer Planet Atmospheres (TROPA) SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB We have developed a wide-band dual frequency spectrometer for use in deep space planetary atmospheric spectroscopy. The instrument uses a dual-band architecture, both to be able to observe spectral lines from a wide range of atmospheric species, and to allow a higher precision retrieval of temperature/pressure/partial pressure and wind profiles. This dual-band approach requires a new design for the optical bench to couple both frequencies into their respective receivers. C1 [Schlecht, Erich; Jamnejad, Vahraz] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Schlecht, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Erich.T.Schlecht@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301184 ER PT S AU Siles, JV Chattopadhyay, G Schlecht, E Lee, C Lin, R Gill, J Ward, J Jung, C Mehdi, I Siegel, P Maestrini, A AF Siles, J. V. Chattopadhyay, G. Schlecht, E. Lee, C. Lin, R. Gill, J. Ward, J. Jung, C. Mehdi, I. Siegel, P. Maestrini, A. GP IEEE TI Next Generation Solid-State Broadband Frequency-Multiplied Terahertz Sources SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB Planar Schottky diode based frequency multiplied sources are the preferred devices to be used as local oscillators for high resolution heterodyne spectrometers in the terahertz regime in spite of its a priori low overall efficiency and output power. With the latest advances in device optimization and micro-fabrication processes record performances of 50 mu W at 1.9 THz and 18 mu W at 2.58 THz have been recently demonstrated at room temperature. 'On-chip' power-combining and other novel topologies will be employed together with silicon micro-machining techniques to boost up even more the performance for next-generation frequency-multiplied sources. This will enable heterodyne detection up to 4.7 THz and multi-pixel detection beyond 1 THz with all-solid state ultra-compact low-mass tunable and broadband terahertz spectrometers for future astrophysics and planetary science missions as well as on-Earth applications. C1 [Siles, J. V.; Chattopadhyay, G.; Schlecht, E.; Lee, C.; Lin, R.; Gill, J.; Ward, J.; Jung, C.; Mehdi, I.; Siegel, P.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Siles, JV (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Jose.V.Siles@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301191 ER PT S AU Simons, RN Wintucky, EG AF Simons, Rainee N. Wintucky, Edwin G. GP IEEE TI Q-Band (37-41 GHz) Satellite Beacon Architecture for RF Propagation Experiments SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc ID ACTS AB In this paper, the design of a beacon transmitter that will be flown as a hosted payload on a geostationary satellite to enable propagation experiments at Q-band (37-41 GHz) frequencies is presented. The beacon uses a phased locked loop stabilized dielectric resonator oscillator and a solid-state power amplifier to achieve the desired output power. The satellite beacon antenna is configured as an offset-fed cut-paraboloidal reflector. C1 [Simons, Rainee N.; Wintucky, Edwin G.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Simons, RN (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 54-1,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Rainee.N.Simons@nasa.gov; Edwin.G.Wintucky@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442300189 ER PT S AU Angal, A Chen, H Choi, T Geng, X Sun, J Wenny, B Xiong, X AF Angal, A. Chen, H. Choi, T. Geng, X. Sun, J. Wenny, B. Xiong, X. BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI An overview of MODIS RSB Calibration and the Look-up-table delivery process SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci ID REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; TERRA MODIS AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is an Earth-observing sensor currently operational on the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua satellites. Each MODIS instrument has 36 spectral bands, with data acquired using 490 detectors in the reflective solar and thermal emissive spectrum. The 20 reflective solar bands (RSB), covering a wavelength range from 0.4 to 2.2 mu m, are calibrated on-orbit using a solar diffuser (SD), solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM) and regularly scheduled lunar measurements. The instrument gain (1/m1) derived from SD measurements and the response versus scan-angle (RVS) derived using the SD and lunar measurements are the primary look-up-tables (LUT) that are updated on a regular basis. The short wavelength bands of both MODIS instruments have experienced a gain change of up to 50% as observed from the SD calibration. Given the longevity of both MODIS sensors, the detectors have aged, and the sensor's radiometric characteristics have changed since launch. A strong dependence of the RVS on mirror side, detector, wavelength and time is also observed in visible (VIS) channels. The MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) is responsible for deriving and updating the on-orbit calibration coefficients. An accurate and timely update of the LUT is vital for maintaining the quality of the calibrated Level 1B (L1B) product. This paper provides an overview of the MODIS RSB calibration along with the major procedures used to regularly update the LUT. In addition, the various lessons learned and future improvements are also discussed. C1 [Angal, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Chen, H.; Choi, T.; Geng, X.; Sun, J.; Wenny, B.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, X.] NASA, GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Angal, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 85280L DI 10.1117/12.977550 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300016 ER PT S AU Angal, A Kumar, AS Xiong, X Kumar, ASK Dadhwal, VK Choi, T AF Angal, A. Kumar, A. Senthil Xiong, X. Kumar, A. S. Kiran Dadhwal, V. K. Choi, T. BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI Using CEOS reference standard targets to assess on-orbit performance of Resourcesat-2 AWiFS in comparison with Terra MODIS-Preliminary Results SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci AB The Resourcesat-2 (RS2), launched on April 20, 2011 is a follow-on mission to the successfully operational Resourcesat-1 (RS1). Similar to the RS1, RS2 carries 3 multispectral imagers in its platform: the Advanced Wide-Field Sensor (AWiFS), the Linear Imaging Self-Scanner (LISS 3) and the high-resolution multi-spectral scanner LISS-4. This study focuses on assessment of the radiometric calibration stability of RS2 AWiFS sensor by comparing near-simultaneous measurements of Terra MODIS acquired over CEOS reference standard targets. The AWiFS sensor operates four distinct spectral bands: B2 (0.52-0.59 mu m), B3 (0.63-0.69 mu m), B4 (0.77-0.86 mu m) and B5 (1.55-1.7 mu m) with a spatial resolution of 56 m. Only those bands of the Terra MODIS spectrally matching to AWiFS bands are compared after basic corrections for variations due to the sun and satellite angles with reference to scene center and the atmospheric transmittance on the given day of acquisition. Synchronous acquisitions of these sensors over the desert regions in Libya, Algeria and Egypt at CEOS recommended geographic coordinates were acquired and processed to compare the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance from both sensors. Preliminary results and future efforts are also discussed in this paper. C1 [Angal, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Kumar, A. Senthil; Dadhwal, V. K.] Natl Remote Sensing Ctr ISRO, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kumar, A. S. Kiran] Space Applicat Ctr ISRO, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India. [Choi, T.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Angal, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. OI Dadhwal, Vinay/0000-0001-5084-1367 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 85280K DI 10.1117/12.977549 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300015 ER PT S AU Cao, CY Xiong, XX Blonski, S Liu, QH Guenther, B Weng, FZ AF Cao, Changyong Xiong, Xiaoxiong Blonski, Slawormir Liu, Quanhua Guenther, Bruce Weng, Fuzhong BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI Suomi NPP VIIRS On-orbit Performance, Data quality, and New Applications SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci AB The Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is one of the key instruments on the Suomi NPP and future JPSS missions, succeeding the legacy NOAA/AVHRR, EOS/MODIS, SeaWiFS, and DMSP/OLS as the new generation of operational imaging radiometer. With 22 spectral bands covering wavelengths from 0.41 to 12.5um, VIIRS provides data for the production of 25 Environmental Data Records (EDRs) with its calibrated and geolocated Sensor Data Records (SDRs). This paper provides an overview of NPP VIIRS postlaunch instrument performance, onboard and vicarious calibration/validation, as well as unique capabilities of the VIIRS and potential new applications. Since launch, the VIIRS SDR cal/val has been progressing well. Following a series of spacecraft and sensor activation and checkouts, the first VIIRS image was acquired on November 21, 2011, and all 22 bands have been producing early images by January 20, 2012. The data maturity has reached beta status in early spring of 2012, and provisional status is expected to be achieved by November 2012. Major challenges thus far include the unexpected fast degradation in some near infrared channels, and the unprecedented data volume and complexity of the ground processing system. Our goal is to ensure the radiometric, spectral, and geospatial accuracy, and establish consistency with past and future sensors to support the weather, climate, ocean, and other environmental applications. C1 [Cao, Changyong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Blonski, Slawormir; Liu, Quanhua] Univ Maryland, CICS, College Pk, MD USA. [Guenther, Bruce] Stellar Solut Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU JPSS program office FX The authors would like to thank the entire VIIRS SDR team for their dedicated support to the VIIRS postlaunch cal/val. This work is partially funded by the JPSS program office. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 85280D DI 10.1117/12.978997 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300010 ER PT S AU Iguchi, T Seto, S Meneghini, R Yoshida, N Awaka, J Kubota, T Kozu, T Chandra, V Le, MD Liao, L Tanelli, S Durden, S AF Iguchi, Toshio Seto, Shinta Meneghini, Robert Yoshida, Naofumi Awaka, Jun Kubota, Takuji Kozu, Toshiaki Chandra, V. Le, Minda Liao, Liang Tanelli, Simone Durden, Steve BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI An overview of the precipitation retrieval algorithm for the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission's core satellite SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE GPM; Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR); algorithm ID SURFACE REFERENCE TECHNIQUE; RAIN-PROFILING ALGORITHM AB This paper describes the planned level 2 algorithm that retrieves precipitation profiles from data to be obtained by the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the core satellite of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. The general idea behind the algorithms is to determine general characteristics of the precipitation, correct for attenuation and estimate profiles of the precipitation water content, rainfall rate and, when dual-wavelength data are available, information on the particle size distributions in rain and snow. It is particularly important that dual-wavelength data will provide better estimates of rainfall and snowfall rates than the TRMM PR data by using the particle size information and the capability of estimating the height at which the precipitation transitions from solid to liquid. C1 [Iguchi, Toshio] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, 4-2-1 Nukuikita Machi, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Seto, Shinta] Univ Tokyo, Institute Ind Sci, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. [Meneghini, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yoshida, Naofumi] Remote Sensing Technol Ctr Japan RESTEC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Awaka, Jun] Tokai Univ, Minami Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0058601, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Earth Observat Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Kozu, Toshiaki] Shimane Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. [Chandra, V.; Le, Minda] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Liao, Liang] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technology Caelum, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tanelli, Simone; Durden, Steve] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Iguchi, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, 4-2-1 Nukuikita Machi, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. FU JAXA; NASA FX Some of the authors are financially supported by JAXA or NASA to which they are grateful. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 85281C DI 10.1117/12.977352 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300037 ER PT S AU Jaross, G Chen, G Kowitt, M Warner, J Xu, P Kelly, T Linda, M Flittner, D AF Jaross, Glen Chen, Grace Kowitt, Mark Warner, Jeremy Xu, Philippe Kelly, Thomas Linda, Michael Flittner, David BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI Suomi NPP OMPS Limb Profiler initial sensor performance assessment SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE Limb scatter; OMPS; sensor performance; pointing; stray light ID SCATTER MEASUREMENTS; O-3 PROFILES AB Following the successful launch of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) spacecraft, the NASA OMPS Limb team began an evaluation of sensor and data product performance in relation to the original goals for this instrument. Does the sensor design work as well as expected, and can limb scatter measurements by NPP OMPS and successor instruments form the basis for accurate long-term monitoring of ozone vertical profiles? While this paper does not address the latter question, the answer to the former is a qualified Yes given this early stage of the mission. C1 [Jaross, Glen; Chen, Grace; Kowitt, Mark; Warner, Jeremy; Kelly, Thomas; Linda, Michael] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xu, Philippe] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Flittner, David] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jaross, G (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM glen.jaross@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 852805 DI 10.1117/12.979627 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300005 ER PT S AU Liu, QH Kwofu Cao, CY Xiong, J Shao, X Blonski, S Weng, FZ AF Liu, Quanhua (Mark) Kwofu (Vincent Chiang) Cao, Changyong Xiong, Jack Shao, Xi Blonski, Slawek Weng, Fuzhong BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI CALIBRATION OF LOW GAIN RADIANCE AT VIIRS EMISSIVE BAND (M13) and VIIRS IMAGE ABOUT MOON TEMPERATURE SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE VIIRS; Thermal Emissive Band; M13 Calibration at a low gain AB Early assessment of the VIIRS thermal emissive bands (TEBs) show that all VIIRS TEBs except M13 are stable and exceed the specifications. M13 is a dual gain band, and is used for determining the surface temperature at low radiance (high gain) and fire detection at high radiance (low gain). At a low gain stage, the onboard blackbody temperature at an operational temperature of 292 Kelvin is far below the lowest temperature at the low gain, which prevents from any attempt to radiometric calibration. This study found that the VIIRS calibration data during the blackbody temperature warm up and cool down (WUCD) may be useful to check the gain stability and to estimate noise equivalent deviation of temperatures (NEdT). During the VIIRS blackbody temperature warm up and cool down, the blackbody temperature was cooled down to 267 K and warmed up to 315 K. The contrast at the low gain for M13 band between blackbody and space views may be useful, although the highest blackbody temperature is still below the low boundary for the low gain. Moon surface temperature can be as hot as 400 Kelvin, high enough for M13 band radiometric calibration at a low gain. The advantages using the observation data of Moon are that it is very stable and there is no gaseous absorption. However, Moon surface emissivity for infrared spectrum needs to be known. This study found that Moon may be used to check measurement range of the VIIRS M13 band at a low gain. We have developed a calibration algorithm to determine the moon temperature and generated the first VIIRS image about moon temperature. There are some other sources such gas flares that may also be used to estimate the radiometric accuracy at low gain. C1 [Liu, Quanhua (Mark); Blonski, Slawek] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kwofu (Vincent Chiang); Xiong, Jack] NASA, GFSC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Cao, Changyong; Weng, Fuzhong] Univ Res Court, NOAA NESDIS STAR Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Di, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM quanhua.liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU JPSS FX This study is supported through funding from JPSS Data Products and Algorithms. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 85280O DI 10.1117/12.979701 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300018 ER PT S AU Sun, JQ Angal, A Xiong, XX Chen, HD Geng, X Wu, AS Choi, T Chu, MK AF Sun, Junqiang Angal, Amit Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Chen, Hongda Geng, Xu Wu, Aisheng Choi, Taeyoung (Jason) Chu, Mike BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI MODIS Reflective Solar Bands Calibration Improvements in Collection 6 SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE MODIS; RSB; RVS; Collection 6 AB Since launch, Terra and Aqua MODIS have performed more than 12 and 10 years of scientific measurements of the Earth's surface. MODIS has 36 spectral bands, among which 20 are Reflective Solar Bands (RSB), covering a spectral range from 0.41 mu m to 2.1 mu m. MODIS was developed with stringent requirements for calibration and uncertainty and is equipped with a set of on-board calibrators (OBC) that facilitate a constant monitoring and update of its on-orbit calibration coefficients. The RSB are calibrated on-orbit using a Solar Diffuser (SD) and a Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor (SDSM), with help from the lunar observations via a Space View (SV) port and an onboard Spectroradiometric Calibration Assembly (SRCA). The algorithms to accurately characterize the sensor's gain change and the on-orbit change in the response versus scan-angle (RVS) have been applied to improve the quality of the Earth-view measurements. Various improvements to the calibration algorithms have been incorporated since launch and the following paper will discuss the calibration algorithms and enhancements developed for MODIS Collection 6 (C6) processing. In addition, to supplement the measurements from the on-board calibrators, pseudo-invariant desert targets are also used to track the on-orbit response change for selective RSB. Discussions of the on-orbit calibration uncertainty and the Level 1B (L1B) Uncertainty index (UI) product are also included. A comprehensive assessment of the impact on the L1B product in comparison to Collection 5 (C5) is also discussed. Significant improvements are observed in the case of VIS bands wherein the long-term bias observed in C5 products is eliminated to provide a more accurate radiometric product. C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Chen, Hongda; Geng, Xu; Wu, Aisheng; Choi, Taeyoung (Jason); Chu, Mike] Sigma Space Corp, 4600 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, 4600 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 85280N DI 10.1117/12.979733 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300017 ER PT S AU Xiong, XX Fulbright, J Angal, A Sun, JQ Wang, ZP AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Fulbright, Jon Angal, Amit Sun, Junqiang Wang, Zhipeng BE Shimoda, H Xiong, X TI Comparison of MODIS and VIIRS Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor Performance SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization II CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE MODIS; VIIRS; radiometer; calibration; solar diffuser; solar diffuser stability monitor ID CALIBRATION; BANDS AB Launched in December 1999 and May 2002, Terra and Aqua MODIS have successfully operated for more than 12 and 10 years, respectively. MODIS reflective solar bands (RSB) are calibrated on-orbit by a solar diffuser (SD). Its on-orbit degradation, or the change in its bi-directional reflectance factor (BRF), is tracked by a solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM). The MODIS SDSM makes alternate observations of direct sunlight through an attenuation screen (Sun view) and of sunlight reflected diffusely off the SD (SD view) during each SDSM calibration event. The MODIS SDSM has 9 detectors, covering wavelengths from 0.41 to 0.94 mu m. Due to a design error in MODIS SDSM sub-system (identified post-launch), relatively large ripples were noticed in its Sun view responses. As a result, an alternative approach was developed by the MODIS calibration team to minimize the uncertainty in determining the SD on-orbit degradation. The first VIIRS, on-board the Suomi NPP spacecraft, was successfully launched in October 2011. It carries a MODIS-like SD and SDSM system for its RSB on-orbit calibration. Its design was improved based on lessons learned from MODIS. Operationally, the VIIRS SDSM is used more frequently than MODIS. VIIRS SDSM collects data using 8 individual detectors, covering a similar wavelength range as MODIS. This paper provides an overview of MODIS and VIIRS SDSM design features, their on-orbit operations, and calibration strategies. It illustrates their on-orbit performance in terms of on-orbit changes in SDSM detector on-orbit responses and on-orbit degradations of their SD. Results show that on-orbit changes of both MODIS and VIIRS SD BRF and SDSM response have similar wavelength dependency: the SD degradation is faster at shorter visible wavelengths while the decrease of SDSM detector responses (gains) is greater at longer near-infrared wavelengths. C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fulbright, Jon; Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Zhipeng] Sigma Space Co, 4801 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applications Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Wang, Zhipeng/0000-0002-9108-9009 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9267-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8528 AR 852809 DI 10.1117/12.977567 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000313295300008 ER PT S AU Hosokawa, T Omukai, K Yoshida, N Yorke, HW AF Hosokawa, Takashi Omukai, Kazuyuki Yoshida, Naoki Yorke, Harold W. BE Umemura, M Omukai, K TI Radiative Feedback from Primordial Protostars and Final Mass of the First Stars SO FIRST STARS IV - FROM HAYASHI TO THE FUTURE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on FIRST STARS IV - From Hayashi to the Future CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Japan Soc Promot Sci DE cosmology: theory; early universe; stars: formation ID FAR-ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; UNIVERSE; ACCRETION AB In this contribution, we review our efforts toward understanding the typical mass-scale of primordial stars. Our direct numerical simulations show that, in both of Population III.1 and III.2 cases, strong UV stellar radiative feedback terminates mass accretion onto a protostar. An HII region formed around the protostar expands very dynamically into the accreting envelope, and cuts off the gas supply to a circumstellar disk. The disk is exposed to the stellar UV radiation and loses its mass by photoevaporation. The derived final masses are 43 M-circle dot and 17 M-circle dot in our fiducial Population III.1 and III.2 cases. Much more massive stars, however, should form in other exceptional conditions. In atomic-cooling halos where H-2 molecules are dissociated, for instance, a protostar grows via very rapid mass accretion with the rates (M) over dot(*) similar to 0.1 - 1 M-circle dot yr(-1). Our new stellar evolution calculations show that the protostar significantly inflates and never contracts to reach the zero-agemain-sequence stage in this case. Such "supergiant protostars" have very low UV luminosity, which results in weak radiative feedback against the accretion flow. In the early universe, supermassive stars formed through this process might provide massive seeds of supermassive black holes. C1 [Hosokawa, Takashi; Yorke, Harold W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Omukai, Kazuyuki] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Yoshida, Naoki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Hosokawa, Takashi; Omukai, Kazuyuki; Yoshida, Naoki; Yorke, Harold W.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phy& Mathematics, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. RP Hosokawa, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM hosokwtk@gmail.com; omukai@tap.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp; naoki.yoshida@ipmu.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA) FX T. H. appreciates the support by Fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Research Abroad. Portions of this work were conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, operating under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1092-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1480 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1063/1.4754335 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDH60 UT WOS:000313272200014 ER PT S AU Stacy, A Greif, TH Bromm, V AF Stacy, Athena Greif, Thomas H. Bromm, Volker BE Umemura, M Omukai, K TI Mass Growth of the First Stars Under Radiative Feedback SO FIRST STARS IV - FROM HAYASHI TO THE FUTURE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on FIRST STARS IV - From Hayashi to the Future CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Japan Soc Promot Sci DE stars: formation; Population III; cosmology: theory; first stars; early Universe ID PROTOSTELLAR FEEDBACK AB We perform 3-D cosmological simulations to examine the growth of metal-free, Population III (Pop III) stars under radiative feedback. We trace the evolution of gas and dark matter until the formation of the first minihalo, and follow the collapse of the minihalo's gas up to densities of n = 10(12) cm(-3). We then implement the sink particle method while modeling the effect of Lyman-Werner (LW) and ionizing radiation emitted by the initial protostar over the next 5000 yr. A disk assembles around the first protostar, and radiative feedback does not prevent further fragmentation of the disk to form multiple Pop III stars. Feedback leads to heating of the dense gas to several thousand Kelvin, and this warm region expands outward at the gas sound speed. Once this region extends to the size of the disk, the disk mass declines while the accretion rate onto the protostars is reduced by an order of magnitude. The main sink will approach an asymptotic value of 30 M-circle dot by the time it reaches the main sequence. Such unexpectedly low Pop III masses may have important consequences for the occurrence of pair-instability supernovae in the early Universe as well as the Pop III chemical signature in the oldest stars observable today. C1 [Stacy, Athena] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Greif, Thomas H.] Max Planck Inst Astrophy, Garching, Germany. [Bromm, Volker] Univ Texas Austin, Dep Astronym&Texas Cosmol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Stacy, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM athena.stacy@nasa.gov; tgreif@mpa-garching.mpg.de; vbromm@astro.as.utexas.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1092-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1480 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1063/1.4754336 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDH60 UT WOS:000313272200015 ER PT S AU Gehrels, N Cannizzo, JK AF Gehrels, Neil Cannizzo, John K. BE Umemura, M Omukai, K TI High Redshift GRBs SO FIRST STARS IV - FROM HAYASHI TO THE FUTURE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on FIRST STARS IV - From Hayashi to the Future CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Japan Soc Promot Sci DE Gamma rays: general; telescopes; bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; STAR-FORMATION RATE; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; X-RAY; HOST GALAXY; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; LIGHT CURVES; JET BREAKS; SWIFT; REIONIZATION AB The Swift mission has opened a new, high redshift window on the universe. In this review we provide an overview of gamma-ray burst (GRB) science, describe the Swift mission, discuss high-z GRBs and tools for high-z studies, and look forward at future capabilities. A new mission concept - Lobster - is described that would monitor the X-ray sky at order of magnitude higher sensitivity than current missions. C1 [Gehrels, Neil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cannizzo, John K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, CRESST, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Gehrels, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM neil.gehrels@nasa.gov NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1092-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1480 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1063/1.4754358 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDH60 UT WOS:000313272200037 ER PT S AU Heap, SR AF Heap, Sara R. BE Umemura, M Omukai, K TI I Zw 18, a Template for High-Redshift Galaxies SO FIRST STARS IV - FROM HAYASHI TO THE FUTURE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on FIRST STARS IV - From Hayashi to the Future CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Japan Soc Promot Sci DE Galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: individual: I Zw 18; cosmology: early universe ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES AB We use UV spectra of the blue compact dwarf galaxy, I Zw 18, obtained by Hubble's Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) to help interpret the observed properties of z >= 7 galaxies discovered and studied by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). C1 NASA, Lab Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Heap, SR (reprint author), NASA, Lab Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM sally.heap@NASA.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1092-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1480 BP 364 EP 366 DI 10.1063/1.4754388 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDH60 UT WOS:000313272200067 ER PT S AU Helgason, K Ricotti, M Kashlinsky, A AF Helgason, Kari Ricotti, Massimo Kashlinsky, Alexander BE Umemura, M Omukai, K TI Can the Near-IR Fluctuations Arise from Known Galaxy Populations? SO FIRST STARS IV - FROM HAYASHI TO THE FUTURE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on FIRST STARS IV - From Hayashi to the Future CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Japan Soc Promot Sci DE Background radiations; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: luminosity function ID INFRARED BACKGROUND FLUCTUATIONS AB Spatial Fluctuations in the Cosmic Infrared Background have now been measured out to sub-degree scales showing a strong clustering signal from unresolved sources. We attempt to explain these measurement by considering faint galaxy populations at z<6 as the underlying sources for this signal using 233 measured UV, optical and NIR luminosity functions (LF) from a variety of surveys covering a wide range of redshifts. We populate the lightcone and calculate the total emission redshifted into the near-IR bands in the observer frame and recover the observed optical and near-IR galaxy counts to a good accuracy. Using a halo model for the clustering of galaxies with an underlying Lambda CDM density field, we find that fluctuations from known galaxy populations are unable to account for the large scale CIB clustering signal seen by HST/NICMOS, Spitzer/IRAC and AKARI/IRC and continue to diverge out to larger angular scales. Our purely empirical reconstruction shows that known galaxy populations are not responsible for the bulk of the fluctuation signal seen in the measurements and suggests an unknown population of very faint and highly clustered sources dominating the signal. C1 [Helgason, Kari; Ricotti, Massimo] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kashlinsky, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Helgason, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kari@astro.umd.edu; ricotti@astro.umd.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1092-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1480 BP 370 EP 372 DI 10.1063/1.4754390 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDH60 UT WOS:000313272200069 ER PT J AU Inan, S Balderer, WP Leuenberger-West, F Yakan, H Ozvan, A Freund, FT AF Inan, Sedat Balderer, Werner Paul Leuenberger-West, Fanny Yakan, Hakan Ozvan, Ali Freund, Friedemann T. TI Springwater chemical anomalies prior to the Mw=7.2 Van Earthquake (Turkey) SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE geochemical anomalies; spring water; earthquake precursors; Van; Turkey ID GEOCHEMICAL PRECURSORS; KOBE EARTHQUAKE; PLATEAU; JAPAN; WATER AB We performed chemical analyses of commercially bottled spring water (EREK Spring water) emanating from a location less than 20 kilometer from the epicenter of the Mw = 7.2 Van Earthquake of October 23rd 2011. The available water samples cover the period from September 8th 2011 to January 11th 2012. The pre-earthquake anomaly is characterized by a slight but clear increase in Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Cl- contents and decrease in Na+ and SO42- contents compared to the background. Post-seismic samples show decreasing trends in Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Cl- and increasing trends in Na+ and SO42-. All ion concentrations reach stability approximately one month after the earthquake. These results indicate that spring water chemical anomalies may be monitored as potential geochemical pre-earthquake indicators. C1 [Inan, Sedat; Yakan, Hakan] TUBITAK Marmara Res Ctr, Earth & Marine Sci Inst, TR-41470 Gebze, Turkey. [Balderer, Werner Paul; Leuenberger-West, Fanny] ETHZ, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Ozvan, Ali] Van 100 Yt1 Univ, Dept Geol, TR-65040 Van, Turkey. [Freund, Friedemann T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Code SGE, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Freund, Friedemann T.] Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Freund, Friedemann T.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Inan, S (reprint author), TUBITAK Marmara Res Ctr, Earth & Marine Sci Inst, TR-41470 Gebze, Turkey. EM sedat.inan@mam.gov.tr NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 14 PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN SN 0016-7002 EI 1880-5973 J9 GEOCHEM J JI Geochem. J. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 6 BP E11 EP E16 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 069TH UT WOS:000313459500006 ER PT S AU Colliander, A Yueh, S Chazanoff, S Dinardo, S O'Dwyer, I Jackson, T McNairn, H Bullock, P Wiseman, G Berg, A Magagi, R Njoku, E AF Colliander, Andreas Yueh, Simon Chazanoff, Seth Dinardo, Steven O'Dwyer, Ian Jackson, Thomas McNairn, Heather Bullock, Paul Wiseman, Grant Berg, Aaron Magagi, Ramata Njoku, Eni BE Entekhab, D Honda, Y Sawada, H Shi, J Oki, T TI Airborne Active and Passive L-band Measurements using PALS Instrument in SMAPVEX12 Soil Moisture Field Campaign SO LAND SURFACE REMOTE SENSING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Surface Remote Sensing CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE SMAPVEX12; SMAP; PALS; Soil moisture; Radiometer ID SENSOR AB NASA's (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission is scheduled for launch in late 2014. The objective of the mission is global mapping of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state. Merging of active and passive L-band observations of the mission will enable unprecedented combination of accuracy, resolution, coverage and revisit-time for soil moisture and freeze/thaw state retrieval. For pre-launch algorithm development and validation the SMAP project and NASA coordinated a field campaign named as SMAPVEX12 (Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2012) together with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and other Canadian and US institutions in the vicinity of Winnipeg, Canada in June-July, 2012. The main objective of SMAPVEX12 was acquisition of a data record that features long time-series with varying soil moisture and vegetation conditions over an aerial domain of multiple parallel flight lines. The coincident active and passive L-band data was acquired with the PALS (Passive Active L-band System) instrument. The measurements were conducted over the experiment domain every 2-3 days on average, over a period of 43 days. The preliminary calibration of the brightness temperatures obtained in the campaign has been performed. Daily lake calibrations were used to adjust the radiometer calibration parameters, and the obtained measurements were compared against the raw in situ soil moisture measurements. The evaluation shows that this preliminary calibration of the data produces already a consistent brightness temperature record over the campaign duration, and only secondary adjustments and cleaning of the data is need before the data can be applied to the development and validation of SMAP algorithms. C1 [Colliander, Andreas; Yueh, Simon; Chazanoff, Seth; Dinardo, Steven; O'Dwyer, Ian; Njoku, Eni] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jackson, Thomas] United Stated Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Russellville, AR USA. [McNairn, Heather; Wiseman, Grant] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Bullock, Paul] Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Berg, Aaron] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Magagi, Ramata] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada. RP Colliander, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9263-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8524 AR 85240G DI 10.1117/12.977600 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD77 UT WOS:000312868900008 ER PT S AU Zhou, DK Larar, AM Liu, X AF Zhou, Daniel K. Larar, Allen M. Liu, Xu BE Entekhab, D Honda, Y Sawada, H Shi, J Oki, T TI Monitoring surface climate with its emissivity derived from satellite measurements SO LAND SURFACE REMOTE SENSING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Surface Remote Sensing CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE Remote sensing; ultraspectral instrument; inversion; land surface emissivity AB Satellite thermal infrared (IR) spectral emissivity data have been shown to be significant for atmospheric research and monitoring the Earth's environment. Long-term and large-scale observations needed for global monitoring and research can be supplied by satellite-based remote sensing. Presented here is the global surface IR emissivity data retrieved from the last 5 years of Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measurements observed from the MetOp-A satellite. Monthly mean surface properties (i.e., skin temperature T-s and emissivity spectra epsilon(nu)) with a spatial resolution of 0.5x0.5-degrees latitude-longitude are produced to monitor seasonal and inter-annual variations. We demonstrate that surface epsilon(nu) and T-s retrieved with IASI measurements can be used to assist in monitoring surface weather and surface climate change. Surface epsilon(nu) together with T-s from current and future operational satellites can be utilized as a means of long-term and large-scale monitoring of Earth's surface weather environment and associated changes. C1 [Zhou, Daniel K.; Larar, Allen M.; Liu, Xu] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Zhou, DK (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. EM daniel.k.zhou@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9263-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8524 AR 85240I DI 10.1117/12.974215 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD77 UT WOS:000312868900009 ER PT S AU Beyer, AD Kenyon, M Echternach, PM Bumble, B Runyan, MC Chui, T Bradford, CM Holmes, WA Bock, JJ AF Beyer, Andrew D. Kenyon, M. Echternach, P. M. Bumble, B. Runyan, M. C. Chui, T. Bradford, C. M. Holmes, W. A. Bock, J. J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Development of fast, background-limited transition-edge sensors for the Background-Limited Infrared/Sub-mm Spectrograph (BLISS) for SPICA SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE transition-edge sensors; infrared spectrometer; sub-mm spectrometer; photon background-limited AB We report experimental progress toward demonstrating background-limited arrays of membrane-isolated transition-edge sensors (TESs) for the Background Limited Infrared/Sub-mm Spectrograph (BLISS). BLISS is a space-borne instrument with grating spectrometers for wavelengths lambda=35-435 mu m and with R=lambda/Delta lambda similar to 500. The goals for BLISS TESs are: noise equivalent power (NEP)=5x10(-20) W/Hz(1/2) and response time iota<30ms. We expect background-limited performance from bilayers TESs with T-C=65mK and G=15fW/K. However, such TESs cannot be operated at 50mK unless stray power on the devices, or dark power P-D, is less than 200aW. We describe criteria for measuring P-D that requires accurate knowledge of T-C. Ultimately, we fabricated superconducting thermistors from Ir (T-C >= 135mK) and Mo/Cu proximitized bilayers, where T-C is the thermistor transition temperature. We measured the Ir TES arrays in our 45mK base temperature adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator test system, which can measure up to eight 1x32 arrays simultaneously using a time-division multiplexer, as well as our single-pixel test system which can measure down to 15mK. In our previous Ir array measurements our best reported performance was NEP=2.5x10(-19) W/Hz(1/2) and iota similar to 5ms for straight-beam TESs. In fact, we expected NEP similar to 1.5x10(-19)W/Hz(1/2) for meander beam TESs, but did not achieve this previously due to 1/f noise. Here, we detail improvements toward measuring the expected NEP and demonstrate NEP=(1.3 +/- 0.2)x10(-19)W/Hz(1/2) in our single-pixel test system and NEP=(1.6 +/- 0.3)x10(-19)W/Hz(1/2) in our array test system. C1 [Beyer, Andrew D.; Kenyon, M.; Bradford, C. M.; Holmes, W. A.; Bock, J. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Echternach, P. M.; Bumble, B.; Runyan, M. C.; Chui, T.; Bradford, C. M.; Bock, J. J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Beyer, AD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM andrew.d.beyer@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84520G DI 10.1117/12.926326 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000014 ER PT S AU Boussaha, F Kawamura, J Stern, J Jung, C Skalare, A White, V AF Boussaha, Faouzi Kawamura, Jonathan Stern, Jeffery Jung, Cecile Skalare, Anders White, Victor BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Terahertz-frequency Waveguide HEB Mixers for Spectral Line Astronomy SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Terahertz frequency; Silicon micromachining; hot electron bolometer; heterodyne detection; Hybrid coupler; waveguide AB We report on the development of waveguide-based mixers for operation beyond 2 THz. The mixer element is a superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. Because it is beyond the capability of conventional machining techniques to produce the fine structures required for the waveguide embedding circuit for use at such high frequencies, we employ two lithography-based approaches to produce the waveguide circuit: a metallic micro-plating process akin to 3-D printing and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) silicon micromachining. Various mixer configurations have been successfully produced using these approaches. A single-ended mixer produced by the metal plating technique has been demonstrated with a receiver noise temperature of 970 K (DSB) at a local-oscillator frequency of 2.74 THz. A similar mixer, produced using a silicon-based micro-machining technique, has a noise temperature of 2000 K (DSB) at 2.56 THz. In another example, we have successfully produced a waveguide RF hybrid for operation at 2.74 THz. This is a key component in a balanced mixer, a configuration that efficiently utilizes local oscillator power, which is scarce at these frequencies. In addition to allowing us to extend the frequency of operation of waveguide-based receivers beyond 2 THz, these technologies we employ here are amenable to the production of large array receivers, where numerous copies of the same circuit, precisely the same and aligned to each other, are required. C1 [Boussaha, Faouzi; Kawamura, Jonathan; Stern, Jeffery; Jung, Cecile; Skalare, Anders; White, Victor] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Boussaha, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM faouzi.m.boussaha@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 845211 DI 10.1117/12.926666 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000031 ER PT S AU Chuss, DT Wollack, EJ Novak, G Pisano, G Eimer, JR Moseley, SH Krejny, M U-Yen, K AF Chuss, David T. Wollack, Edward J. Novak, G. Pisano, Giampaolo Eimer, J. R. Moseley, S. H. Krejny, M. U-Yen, K. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Phase-Controlled Polarization Modulators SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Polarization Modulation; Astronomical Polarimetry ID HALF-WAVE PLATE; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ASTRONOMY; SUBMILLIMETER INSTRUMENTS; POLARIMETER AB We report technology development of millimeter/submillimeter polarization modulators that operate by introducing a variable, controlled phase delay between two orthogonal polarization states. The variable-delay polarization modulator (VPM) operates via the introduction of a variable phase delay between two linear orthogonal polarization states, resulting in a variable mapping of a single linear polarization into a combination of that Stokes parameter and circular (Stokes V) polarization. Characterization of a prototype VPM is presented at 350 and 3000 microns. We also describe a modulator in which a variable phase delay is introduced between right- and left- circular polarization states. In this architecture, linear polarization is fully modulated. Each of these devices consists of a polarization diplexer parallel to and in front of a movable mirror. Modulation involves sub-wavelength translations of the mirror that change the magnitude of the phase delay. C1 [Chuss, David T.; Wollack, Edward J.; Moseley, S. H.; U-Yen, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Novak, G.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Pisano, Giampaolo] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Eimer, J. R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD USA. [Krejny, M.] BAE Syst, Columbia, MD USA. RP Chuss, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM David.T.Chuss@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84521Y DI 10.1117/12.925214 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000057 ER PT S AU Dunner, R Gallardo, P Wollack, E Henriquez, F Jerez-Hanckes, C AF Duenner, Rolando Gallardo, Patricio Wollack, Ed Henriquez, Fernando Jerez-Hanckes, Carlos BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Far sidelobes measurement of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE ANTENNAS; SIDELOBES; SUB-MM ASTRONOMY; COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ID RADIATION AB The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) is a 6 m telescope designed to map the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) simultaneously at 145 GHz, 220 GHz and 280 GHz. Its off-axis Gregorian design is intended to minimize and control the off-axis sidelobe response, which is critical for scientific purposes. The expected sidelobe level for this kind of design is less than -50 dB and can be challenging to measure. Here we present a measurement of the 145 GHz far sidelobes of ACT done on the near-field of the telescope. We used a 1 mW microwave source placed 13 meters away from the telescope and a chopper wheel to produce a varying signal that could be detected by the camera for different orientations of the telescope. The source feed was designed to produce a wide beam profile. Given that the coupling is expected to be dominated by diffraction over the telescope shielding structure, when combined with a measurements of the main beam far field response, these measurement can be used to validate elements of optical design and constrain the level of spurious coupling at large angles. Our results show that the diffractive coupling beyond the ground screen is consistently below -75 dB, satisfying the design expectations. C1 [Duenner, Rolando; Gallardo, Patricio] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron, Santiago 4860, Chile. [Duenner, Rolando; Gallardo, Patricio] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Astro Ingn, Santiago, Chile. [Wollack, Ed] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Henriquez, Fernando; Jerez-Hanckes, Carlos] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ingn Elect, Escuela Ingn, Santiago, Chile. RP Dunner, R (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron, Santiago 4860, Chile. EM rdunner@astro.puc.cl; pngallar@ing.puc.cl RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 FU FONDECYT Iniciacion [11100147]; VRI [39/ 2010]; FONDAP FX This project was partially funded by a FONDECYT Iniciacion No 11100147 award, a VRI Inicio 39/ 2010 award and FONDAP. We thank Lyman Page ( Princeton University), for lending us the Gunn oscillator and chopper used, and for many suggestions and guiding. We also thank Juan Carlos Fluxa and Sergio Rojas for their collaboration in the project. We specially thank Masao Uehara for his help in performing the experiment at the site. We thank Parque Astronomico Atacama ( CONICYT), in which the ACT telescope is located. We thank the Electrical Engineering department at PUC for letting us use the robotic laboratory to do the source characterization. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 845225 DI 10.1117/12.926631 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000062 ER PT S AU Eimer, JR Bennett, CL Chuss, DT Marriage, T Wollack, EJ Zeng, LZ AF Eimer, Joseph R. Bennett, Charles L. Chuss, David T. Marriage, Tobias Wollack, Edward J. Zeng, Lingzhen BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS): 40 GHz optical design SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE CLASS; B modes; cosmic microwave background; telescope design; VPM ID INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; POLARIZATION; FLATNESS; HORIZON AB The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) instrument will measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background at 40, 90, and 150 GHz from Cerro Toco in the Atacama desert of northern Chile. In this paper, we describe the optical design of the 40 GHz telescope system. The telescope is a diffraction limited catadioptric design consisting of a front-end Variable-delay Polarization Modulator (VPM), two ambient temperature mirrors, two cryogenic dielectric lenses, thermal blocking filters, and an array of 36 smooth-wall scalar feedhorn antennas. The feed horns guide the signal to antenna-coupled transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Polarization diplexing and bandpass definition are handled on the same microchip as the TES. The feed horn beams are truncated with 10 dB edge taper by a 4 K Lyot-stop to limit detector loading from stray light and control the edge illumination of the front-end VPM. The field-of-view is 19 degrees x 14 degrees with a resolution for each beam on the sky of 1.5 degrees FWHM. C1 [Eimer, Joseph R.; Bennett, Charles L.; Marriage, Tobias; Zeng, Lingzhen] Johns Hopkins Univ, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chuss, David T.; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Eimer, JR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM eimer@pha.jhu.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 845220 DI 10.1117/12.925464 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000059 ER PT S AU Gallardo, P Dunner, R Wollack, E Henriquez, F Jerez-Hanckes, C AF Gallardo, Patricio Duenner, Rolando Wollack, Ed Henriquez, Fernando Jerez-Hanckes, Carlos BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Mirror illumination and spillover measurements of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE ANTENNAS; SUB-MM ASTRONOMY; INSTRUMENTATION AB The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) is a 6 m telescope designed to map the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) simultaneously at 145 GHz, 220 GHz and 280 GHz. The receiver in ACT, the Millimeter Bolometer Array Camera, features 1000 TES bolometers in each band. The detector performance depends critically on the total optical loading, requiring the spillover contributions from the optics to be minimal. This inspired the use of a cold Lyot stop to limit the illumination of the primary and the use of guard rings surrounding the primary and secondary reflectors. Here, we present a direct measurement of the illumination aperture for both reflectors and of the attenuation level outside the main optical path. We used a 145 GHz, 1 mW source and a chopper wheel to produce a time-varying signal with a broad beam profile. We sampled the response of the camera for different locations of the source, placed in front and beside the primary and secondary mirrors. The aperture of the primary was measured to be 5.72 +/- 0.17 m in diameter (95 +/- 3% of its geometrical size), while the aperture of the secondary yielded 2 +/- 0.12 m in diameter. Both apertures are consistent with the optical design. Comparing to previous measurements of the beam solid angle from planet observations, we estimate an optical efficiency of 72.3 +/- 4.8%. We found that the attenuation outside the primary aperture was -16 +/- 2 dB, which is below the theoretical expectations, and -22 +/- 1 dB outside the secondary aperture, which is consistent with simulations. These results motivated the extension of the baffles surrounding the secondary mirror, with the following reduction in detector optical loading from 2.24 pW to 1.88 pW. C1 [Gallardo, Patricio; Duenner, Rolando] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron, Santiago 4860, Chile. [Gallardo, Patricio; Duenner, Rolando] Pontificia Univ Cat olica Chile, Ctr Astro Ingn, Santiago, Chile. [Wollack, Ed] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Henriquez, Fernando; Jerez-Hanckes, Carlos] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ingn Elect, Escuela Ingenier, Santiago, Chile. RP Gallardo, P (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron, Santiago 4860, Chile. EM pngallar@ing.puc.cl; rdunner@astro.puc.cl RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 FU FONDECYT Iniciacion [11100147]; VRI [39/ 2010]; FONDAP FX This project was partially funded by a FONDECYT Iniciacion No 11100147 award, a VRI Inicio 39/ 2010 award and FONDAP. We thank Lyman Page ( Princeton University), for lending us the Gunn oscillator and chopper used, and for many suggestions and guiding. We also thank Juan Carlos Fluxa and Sergio Rojas for their collaboration in the project. We specially thank Masao Uehara for his help in performing the experiment at the site. We thank Parque Astron ' omico Atacama ( CONICYT), in which the ACT telescope is located. We thank the Electrical Engineering department at PUC for letting us use the robotic laboratory to do the source characterization. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 845224 DI 10.1117/12.926585 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000061 ER PT S AU Golwala, SR Bockstiegel, C Brugger, S Czakon, NG Day, PK Downes, TP Duan, R Gao, JS Gill, AK Glenn, J Hollister, MI Leduc, HG Maloney, PR Mazin, BA McHugh, SG Miller, D Noroozian, O Nguyen, HT Sayers, J Schlaerth, JA Siegel, S Vayonakis, AK Wilson, PR Zmuidzinas, J AF Golwala, Sunil R. Bockstiegel, Clint Brugger, Spencer Czakon, Nicole G. Day, Peter K. Downes, Thomas P. Duan, Ran Gao, Jiansong Gill, Amandeep K. Glenn, Jason Hollister, Matthew I. LeDuc, Henry G. Maloney, Philip R. Mazin, Benjamin A. McHugh, Sean G. Miller, David Noroozian, Omid Nguyen, Hien T. Sayers, Jack Schlaerth, James A. Siegel, Seth Vayonakis, Anastasios K. Wilson, Philip R. Zmuidzinas, Jonas BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Status of MUSIC, the MUltiwavelength Sub/millimeter Inductance Camera SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE sensors; low-temperature detectors; bolometers; submillimeter-wave and millimeter-wave receivers and detectors; microwave kinetic inductance detectors; radio telescopes and instrumentation ID REDUCTION; SAMBA AB We present the status of MUSIC, the MUltiwavelength Sub/millimeter Inductance Camera, a new instrument for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. MUSIC is designed to have a 14', diffraction-limited field-of-view instrumented with 2304 detectors in 576 spatial pixels and four spectral bands at 0.87, 1.04, 1.33, and 1.98 mm. MUSIC will be used to study dusty star-forming galaxies, galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, and star formation in our own and nearby galaxies. MUSIC uses broadband superconducting phased-array slot-dipole antennas to form beams, lumped-element on-chip bandpass filters to define spectral bands, and microwave kinetic inductance detectors to sense incoming light. The focal plane is fabricated in 8 tiles consisting of 72 spatial pixels each. It is coupled to the telescope via an ambient-temperature ellipsoidal mirror and a cold reimaging lens. A cold Lyot stop sits at the image of the primary mirror formed by the ellipsoidal mirror. Dielectric and metal-mesh filters are used to block thermal infrared and out-of-band radiation. The instrument uses a pulse tube cooler and He-3/He-3/He-4 closed-cycle cooler to cool the focal plane to below 250 mK. A multilayer shield attenuates Earth's magnetic field. Each focal plane tile is read out by a single pair of coaxes and a HEMT amplifier. The readout system consists of 16 copies of custom-designed ADC/DAC and IF boards coupled to the CASPER ROACH platform. We focus on recent updates on the instrument design and results from the commissioning of the full camera in 2012. C1 [Golwala, Sunil R.; Czakon, Nicole G.; Downes, Thomas P.; Duan, Ran; Hollister, Matthew I.; Miller, David; Sayers, Jack; Schlaerth, James A.; Siegel, Seth; Vayonakis, Anastasios K.; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bockstiegel, Clint; Brugger, Spencer; Gao, Jiansong; Gill, Amandeep K.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Day, Peter K.; LeDuc, Henry G.; Nguyen, Hien T.; Wilson, Philip R.; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gao, Jiansong; Noroozian, Omid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Sensors Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mazin, Benjamin A.; McHugh, Sean G.] Natl Univ Calif, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Golwala, SR (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM golwala@caltech.edu RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011 OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Caheck Submillinteter Observatory; NASA Postdoctoral Program fellowships; NASA Graduate Student Research Program fellowships; [NSF/AST-0705157]; [NSF/AST-1009939]; [NSF/AST-0540882]; [NSF/AST-0838261] FX MUSIC was designed and constructed with support from NSF/AST-0705157, NSF/AST-1009939, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Caheck Submillinteter Observatory. which lms been supported by NSF/AST-0540882 and NSF/AST-0838261. JS and MIH were partially supported by NASA Postdoctoral Program fellowships. JAS and NGC were partially supported by NASA Graduate Student Research Program fellowships. We acknowledge Kathy Dcniston and Barbara Wertz for administrative support and the staff and day crew of the CSO for assistance during design. installation, and commissioning. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 845205 DI 10.1117/12.926055 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000004 ER PT S AU Kernasovskiy, S Ade, PAR Aikin, RW Amiri, M Benton, S Bischoff, C Bock, JJ Bonetti, JA Brevik, JA Burger, B Davis, G Dowell, CD Duband, L Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Golwala, SR Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hiltion, G Hristov, VV Irwin, K Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, E Lueker, M Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Pryke, CL Reintsema, C Ruhl, JE Runyan, MC Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, Z Sudiwala, R Teply, G Tolan, JE Turner, AD Vieregg, A Wiebe, DV Wilson, P Wong, CL AF Kernasovskiy, S. Ade, P. A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Benton, S. Bischoff, C. Bock, J. J. Bonetti, J. A. Brevik, J. A. Burger, B. Davis, G. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hiltion, G. Hristov, V. V. Irwin, K. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. Lueker, M. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Pryke, C. L. Reintsema, C. Ruhl, J. E. Runyan, M. C. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. Sudiwala, R. Teply, G. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. Wiebe, D. V. Wilson, P. Wong, C. L. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Optimization and sensitivity of the Keck Array SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Cosmic Microwave Background; polarization; inflation; Keck Array; BICEP2; TES; detector noise ID POWER SPECTRUM; MICROWAVE; POLARIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM; BOLOMETERS; PROBE AB The Keck Array (SPUD) began observing the cosmic microwave background's polarization in the winter of 2011 at the South Pole. The Keck Array follows the success of the predecessor experiments BICEP and BICEP2,1 using five on-axis refracting telescopes. These have a combined imaging array of 2500 antenna-coupled TES bolometers read with a SQUID-based time domain multiplexing system. We will discuss the detector noise and the optimization of the readout. The achieved sensitivity of the Keck Array is 11.5 mu K-CMB root s in the 2012 configuration. C1 [Kernasovskiy, S.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Tolan, J. E.] Stanford Univ, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kernasovskiy, S.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Tolan, J. E.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol KIPAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R.] Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. [Aikin, R. W.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Dowell, C. D.; Filippini, J. P.; Lueker, M.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Runyan, M. C.; Staniszewski, Z.; Teply, G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Amiri, M.; Burger, B.; Davis, G.; Halpern, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada. [Benton, S.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S IA7, Canada. [Bischoff, C.; Kovac, J. M.; Vieregg, A.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Bonetti, J. A.; Dowell, C. D.; Lueker, M.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z.; Turner, A. D.; Wilson, P.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Duband, L.] CEA Grenoble, DRFMC, Serv Basses Temp, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C. L.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hiltion, G.; Irwin, K.; Reintsema, C.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leitch, E.] Univ Chicago, KICP, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Kernasovskiy, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sstokes@stanford.edu FU National Science Foundation [ANT-1044978/ ANT-1110087]; Keck Foundation FX The Keck Array projects have been made possible through support from the National Science Foundation (grant Nos. ANT-1044978/ ANT- 1110087) and the Keck Foundation. Detector development has been made possible with the Gordon and Betty Moore foundation. We also acknowledge the Canada Foundation for Innovation and BC Knowledge Development Fund for support. We are grateful to Robert Schwarz for spending the winter in the South Pole for us in both 2011 and 2012, as well as to the South Pole logistics team. We also are grateful for the insight and collaboration from the entire Bicep2, SPIDER and Keck Array teams. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84521B DI 10.1117/12.926934 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000038 ER PT S AU Kogut, A Ade, PA Benford, D Bennett, CL Chuss, DT Dotson, JL Eimer, JR Fixsen, DJ Halpern, M Hilton, G Hinderks, J Hinshaw, GF Irwin, K Jhabvala, C Johnson, B Lazear, J Lowe, L Miller, T Mirel, P Moseley, SH Rodriguez, S Sharp, E Staguhn, JG Tucker, CE Weston, A Wollack, EJ AF Kogut, Alan Ade, Peter A. R. Benford, Dominic Bennett, Charles L. Chuss, David T. Dotson, Jessie L. Eimer, Joseph R. Fixsen, Dale J. Halpern, Mark Hilton, Gene Hinderks, James Hinshaw, Gary F. Irwin, Kent Jhabvala, Christine Johnson, Brad Lazear, Justin Lowe, Luke Miller, Timothy Mirel, Paul Moseley, S. Harvey Rodriguez, Samelys Sharp, Elmer Staguhn, Johannes G. Tucker, Carole E. Weston, Amy Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE polarimeter; cosmic microwave background; bolometer ID INFRARED ASTRONOMY; ANISOTROPY; RADIATION; ARRAYS; WAVES AB The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne instrument to measure the gravitational-wave signature of primordial inflation through its distinctive imprint on the polarization of the cosmic microwave background. PIPER combines cold (1.5 K) optics, 5120 bolometric detectors, and rapid polarization modulation using VPM grids to achieve both high sensitivity and excellent control of systematic errors. A series of flights alternating between northern and southern hemisphere launch sites will produce maps in Stokes I, Q, U, and V parameters at frequencies 200, 270, 350, and 600 GHz (wavelengths 1500, 1100, 850, and 500 mu m) covering 85% of the sky. The high sky coverage allows measurement of the primordial B-mode signal in the 'reionization bump" at multipole moments l < 10 where the primordial signal may best be distinguished from the cosmological lensing foreground. We describe the PIPER instrument and discuss the current status and expected science returns from the mission. C1 [Kogut, Alan; Benford, Dominic; Chuss, David T.; Fixsen, Dale J.; Hinderks, James; Lowe, Luke; Mirel, Paul; Moseley, S. Harvey; Rodriguez, Samelys; Sharp, Elmer; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Weston, Amy; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kogut, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alan.J.Kogut@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84521J DI 10.1117/12.925204 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000045 ER PT S AU Kusaka, A Fixsen, DJ Kogut, AJ Meyer, SS Staggs, ST Stevenson, TR AF Kusaka, Akito Fixsen, Dale J. Kogut, Alan J. Meyer, Stephan S. Staggs, Suzanne T. Stevenson, Thomas R. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI MuSE: A Novel Experiment for CMB Polarization Measurement Using Highly Multimoded Bolometers SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE cosmology; inflation; cosmic microwave background; bolometer; multimode; polarimeter ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; PRE-LAUNCH STATUS; FOREGROUND EMISSION; CROSS-POLARIZATION; GRAVITY-WAVES; MICROWAVE; POLARIMETRY; LENSES AB One of the most exciting targets for cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization measurements is the faint signal from the primordial gravity waves predicted by inflationary models. Currently existing experiments and those under construction would constrain or detect such a signal at around r = 0.01, where r is the tensor to scalar ratio. In order to further improve the measurement, experiments for the next generation have to combine the following three: 1) excellent sensitivity, 2) multi-frequency measurement for the removal of galactic foregrounds, and 3) well-controlled systematics. We propose the Multimoded Survey Experiment (MuSE), which uses highly multimoded polarization-sensitive bolometers developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). MuSE, consisting of 69 pixels, will achieve a sensitivity equivalent to several thousand single-moded bolometers. Each pixel can be configured to be sensitive to a different frequency band, allowing very wide frequency coverage by a single focal plane. This enables us to clean galactic synchrotron and dust components with our data alone. MuSE achieves an effective array sensitivity to the CMB of 8 mu K root s even after accounting for the sensitivity degradation from foreground removal and reaches a 2-sigma error on r of 0.009 with two years of operation C1 [Kusaka, Akito; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fixsen, Dale J.; Kogut, Alan J.; Stevenson, Thomas R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Meyer, Stephan S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL USA. RP Kusaka, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM akusaka@princeton.edu FU Nayional Science Foundation [PHY-0855887]; Princeton University FX This work is supported by Nayional Science Foundation (award PHY-0855887). A.K. acknowledges a Dicke fellowship from Princeton University. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84521L DI 10.1117/12.926271 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000046 ER PT S AU Laurent, GT Vaillancourt, JE Savini, G Ade, PAR Beland, S Glenn, J Hollister, MI Maloney, PR Sayers, J AF Laurent, Glenn T. Vaillancourt, John E. Savini, Giorgio Ade, Peter A. R. Beland, Stephane Glenn, Jason Hollister, Matthew I. Maloney, Philip R. Sayers, Jack BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI POLOCAM: a millimeter wavelength cryogenic polarimeter prototype for MUSIC-POL SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE polarimetry; MUSIC; submillimeter detectors; MKID; cryogenics ID MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS AB As a proof-of-concept, we have constructed and tested a cryogenic polarimeter in the laboratory as a prototype for the MUSIC instrument (Multiwavelength Sub/millimeter Kinetic Inductance Camera). The POLOCAM instrument consists of a rotating cryogenic polarization modulator (sapphire half-waveplate) and polarization analyzer (lithographed copper polarizers deposited on a thin film) placed into the optical path at the Lyot stop (4K cold pupil stop) in a cryogenic dewar. We present an overview of the project, design and performance results of the POLOCAM instrument (including polarization efficiencies and instrumental polarization), as well as future application to the MUSIC-POL instrument. C1 [Laurent, Glenn T.] Southwest Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Vaillancourt, John E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, SOFIA Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Savini, Giorgio] London Univ Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Ade, Peter A. R.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Beland, Stephane] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Glenn, Jason; Maloney, Philip R.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hollister, Matthew I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sayers, Jack] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Laurent, GT (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM glaurent@boulder.swri.edu OI Savini, Giorgio/0000-0003-4449-9416 FU NSF ATI [0843916] FX The POLOCAM project is supported by NSF ATI grant 0843916 to Southwest Research Institute. In addition, we acknowledge the University of Colorado for access to laboratory and test facilities and the University of Cardiff for waveplate assembly and testing. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84521S DI 10.1117/12.926430 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000052 ER PT S AU McKenney, CM Leduc, HG Swenson, LJ Day, PK Eom, BH Zmuidzinas, J AF McKenney, Christopher M. Leduc, Henry G. Swenson, Loren J. Day, Peter K. Eom, Byeong H. Zmuidzinas, Jonas BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Design considerations for a background limited 350 micron pixel array using lumped element superconducting microresonators SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE lumped-element; superconductivity; kinetic-inductance; far-infrared; titanium nitride AB Future submillimeter telescopes will demand arrays with similar to 10(6) pixels to fill the focal plane. MAKO is a 350 mu m camera being developed to demonstrate the use of superconducting microresonators to meet the high multiplexing factors required for scaling to large-format arrays while offering background-limited single-pixel sensitivity. Candidate pixel designs must simultaneously meet many requirements. To achieve the desired noise equivalent powers it must efficiently absorb radiation, feature a high responsivity, and exhibit low intrinsic device noise. Additionally, the use of high resonator quality factors of order similar to 10(5) and resonant frequencies of order f(res) approximate to 100 MHz are desirable in order to reduce the per-pixel bandwidth to a minimum set by telescope scan speeds. This allows a maximum number of pixels to be multiplexed in a fixed electronic bandwidth. Here we present measurement results of the first MAKO prototype array which meets these design requirements while demonstrating sufficient sensitivity for background-limited operation at ground-based, far-infrared telescopes. C1 [McKenney, Christopher M.; Swenson, Loren J.; Eom, Byeong H.; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Leduc, Henry G.; Swenson, Loren J.; Day, Peter K.] NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP McKenney, CM (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM chrism@astro.caltech.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Keck Institute for Space Science; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NASA [NNX10AC83]; Keck Institute for Space Studies; NASA Postdoctoral Program FX This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The devices used in this work were fabricated at the JPL Micro devices Laboratory. This work was supported in part by the Keck Institute for Space Science, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and NASA grant NNX10AC83 G.C. Mc Kenney and L. Swenson acknowledge support from the Keck Institute for Space Studies. L.Swenson acknowledges support from the NASA Postdoctoral Program. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84520S DI 10.1117/12.925759 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000023 ER PT S AU Mehdi, I Siles, JV Maestrini, A Lin, R Lee, C Schlecht, E Chattopadhyay, G AF Mehdi, Imran Siles, Jose V. Maestrini, Alain Lin, Robert Lee, Choonsup Schlecht, Erich Chattopadhyay, Goutam BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Local Oscillator Sub-systems for Array Receivers in the 1-3 THz Range SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Schottky diodes; frequency multipliers; local oscillators; heterodyne receivers AB Recent results from the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) on the Herschel Space Telescope have confirmed the usefulness of high resolution spectroscopic data for a better understanding of our Universe. This paper will explore the current status of tunable local oscillator sources with emphasis on building a multi-pixel LO subsystem for the scientifically important CII line around 1908 GHz. Recent results have shown that over 50 microwatts of output power at 1.9 THz are possible with an optimized single pixel LO chain. These power levels are now sufficient to pump array receivers in this frequency range. Further power enhancement can be obtained by cooling the chain to 120 K or by utilizing in-phase power combining technology. C1 [Mehdi, Imran; Siles, Jose V.; Lin, Robert; Lee, Choonsup; Schlecht, Erich; Chattopadhyay, Goutam] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Maestrini, Alain] Univ Pierre & Marie Curie & Observatoire Paris, LERMA, France. RP Mehdi, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM imran.mehdi@jpl.nasa.gov FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology, USA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Fulbright Fellowship FX The research described herein was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2012. All rights reserved. One of us ( JS) is funded by a Fulbright Fellowship. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 845212 DI 10.1117/12.925256 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000032 ER PT S AU Ogburn, RW Ade, PAR Aikin, RW Amiri, M Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Bonetti, JA Brevik, JA Bullock, E Burger, B Davis, G Dowell, CD Duband, L Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Golwala, SR Gordon, M Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hilton, G Hristov, VV Hui, H Irwin, K Kaufman, JP Keating, BG Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Lueker, M Montroy, T Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Orlando, A Pryke, CL Reintsema, C Richter, S Ruhl, JE Runyan, MC Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Sudiwala, RV Teply, GP Thompson, K Tolan, JE Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Wiebe, DV Wilson, P Wong, CL AF Ogburn, R. W. Ade, P. A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Bonetti, J. A. Brevik, J. A. Bullock, E. Burger, B. Davis, G. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Gordon, M. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hilton, G. Hristov, V. V. Hui, H. Irwin, K. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Montroy, T. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. L. Reintsema, C. Richter, S. Ruhl, J. E. Runyan, M. C. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Thompson, K. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wiebe, D. V. Wilson, P. Wong, C. L. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI BICEP2 and Keck Array operational overview and status of observations SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Cosmic microwave background; microwave; TES; polarization; inflation; gravitational waves; cosmology AB The BICEP2 and Keck Array experiments are designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 2-4 degrees (l=50-100). This is the region in which the B-mode signal, a signature prediction of cosmic inflation, is expected to peak. BICEP2 was deployed to the South Pole at the end of 2009 and is in the middle of its third year of observing with 500 polarization-sensitive detectors at 150 GHz. The Keck Array was deployed to the South Pole at the end of 2010, initially with three receivers-each similar to BICEP2. An additional two receivers have been added during the 2011-12 summer. We give an overview of the two experiments, report on substantial gains in the sensitivity of the two experiments after post-deployment optimization, and show preliminary maps of CMB polarization from BICEP2. C1 [Ogburn, R. W.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Tolan, J. E.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ogburn, R. W.; Kuo, C. L.; Tolan, J. E.] KIPAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R. V.] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. [Aikin, R. W.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Dowell, C. D.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Hristov, V. V.; Hui, H.; Lueker, M.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Runyan, M. C.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Teply, G. P.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Amiri, M.; Burger, B.; Davis, G.; Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Bischoff, C. A.; Gordon, M.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Bonetti, J. A.; Dowell, C. D.; Lueker, M.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Turner, A. D.; Wilson, P.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.; Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C. L.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Duband, L.] CEA Grenoble, DRFMC, Serv Basses Temp, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Irwin, K.; Reintsema, C.] NIST Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, B. G.; Orlando, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavil Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Ogburn, RW (reprint author), 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ogburn@stanford.edu OI Gordon, Michael/0000-0002-1913-2682; Orlando, Angiola/0000-0001-8004-5054 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-1044978 / ANT-1110087]; Keck Foundation; Canada Foundation for Innovation; British Columbia Development Fund FX The BICEP2 and Keck Array projects have made possible through support from National Science Foundation (grant Nos. ANT-1044978 / ANT-1110087), the Keck Foundation, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the British Columbia Development Fund. Detector development has been made possible by the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and 2011-12 Keek Array Winter-over. The BICEP2 and Keek Array teams would also like to thank the South Pole Station staff for logistical support. We thank our BICEP and SPIDER colleagues for useful discussions and shared expertise. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84521A DI 10.1117/12.925731 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000037 ER PT S AU Rostem, K Bennett, CL Chuss, DT Costen, N Crowe, E Denis, KL Eimer, JR Lourie, N Essinger-Hileman, T Marriage, TA Moseley, SH Stevenson, TR Towner, DW Voellmer, G Wollack, EJ Zeng, L AF Rostem, K. Bennett, C. L. Chuss, D. T. Costen, N. Crowe, E. Denis, K. L. Eimer, J. R. Lourie, N. Essinger-Hileman, T. Marriage, T. A. Moseley, S. H. Stevenson, T. R. Towner, D. W. Voellmer, G. Wollack, E. J. Zeng, L. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Detector Architecture of the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE CMB Instruments; Detectors AB The cosmic microwave background (CMB) provides a powerful tool for testing modern cosmology. In particular, if inflation has occurred, the associated gravitational waves would have imprinted a specific polarized pattern on the CMB. Measurement of this faint polarized signature requires large arrays of polarization-sensitive, background- limited detectors, and an unprecedented control over systematic effects associated with instrument design. To this end, the ground-based Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) employs large-format, feedhorn- coupled, background-limited Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) bolometer arrays operating at 40, 90, and 150 GHz bands. The detector architecture has several enabling technologies. An on-chip symmetric planar orthomode transducer (OMT) is employed that allows for highly symmetric beams and low cross-polarization over a wide bandwidth. Furthermore, the quarter-wave backshort of the OMT is integrated using an innovative indium bump bonding process at the chip level that ensures minimum loss, maximum repeatability and performance uniformity across an array. Care has been taken to reduce stray light and on-chip leakage. In this paper, we report on the architecture and performance of the first prototype detectors for the 40 GHz focal plane. C1 [Rostem, K.; Chuss, D. T.; Costen, N.; Crowe, E.; Denis, K. L.; Lourie, N.; Moseley, S. H.; Stevenson, T. R.; Towner, D. W.; Voellmer, G.; Wollack, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bennett, C. L.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Marriage, T. A.; Zeng, L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Rostem, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM karwan.rostem@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84521N DI 10.1117/12.927056 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000048 ER PT S AU Sharp, EH Benford, DJ Fixsen, DJ Moseley, SH Staguhn, JG Wollack, EJ AF Sharp, E. H. Benford, D. J. Fixsen, D. J. Moseley, S. H. Staguhn, J. G. Wollack, E. J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Stray Light Suppression in the Goddard IRAM 2-Millimeter Observer (GISMO) SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE GISMO; Stray light; Bolometer; Transition Edge Sensor (TES) AB The Goddard-IRAM Superconducting 2 Millimeter Observer (GISMO) is an 8x16 Transition Edge Sensor (TES) array of bolometers built as a pathfinder for TES detector development efforts at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. GISMO has been used annually at the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique (IRAM) 30 meter telescope since 2007 under engineering time and was opened in the spring of 2012 to the general astronomical community. The spring deployment provided an opportunity to modify elements of the room temperature optics before moving the instrument to its new permanent position in the telescope receiver cabin. This allowed for the possibility to extend the cryostat, introduce improved cold baffling and thus further optimize the stray light performance for final astronomical use of the instrument, which has been completed and validated. We will demonstrate and discuss several of the methods used to quantify and limit the influence of stray light in the GISMO camera. C1 [Sharp, E. H.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Staguhn, J. G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Henry Rowland Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sharp, E. H.; Benford, D. J.; Fixsen, D. J.; Moseley, S. H.; Staguhn, J. G.; Wollack, E. J.] Observ Cosmol Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fixsen, D. J.] Univ Maryland Coll Pk, CREEST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sharp, EH (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol Inc, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM elmer.h.sharp@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84523I DI 10.1117/12.926828 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000103 ER PT S AU Shirokaff, E Barry, PS Bradford, CM Chattopadhyay, G Day, P Doyle, S Hailey-Dunsheath, S Hollister, MI Kovacs, A McKenney, C Leduc, HG Llombart, N Marrone, DP Mauskopf, P O'Brient, R Padin, S Reck, T Swenson, LJ Zmuidzinas, J AF Shirokaff, E. Barry, P. S. Bradford, C. M. Chattopadhyay, G. Day, P. Doyle, S. Hailey-Dunsheath, S. Hollister, M. I. Kovacs, A. McKenney, C. Leduc, H. G. Llombart, N. Marrone, D. P. Mauskopf, P. O'Brient, R. Padin, S. Reck, T. Swenson, L. J. Zmuidzinas, J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI MKID development for SuperSpec: an on-chip, mm-wave, filter-bank spectrometer SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE kinetic inductance detector; MKID; resonator; titanium nitride; mm-wavelength; spectroscopy AB SuperSpec is an ultra-compact spectrometer-on-a-chip for millimeter and submillimeter wavelength astronomy. Its very small size, wide spectral bandwidth, and highly multiplexed readout will enable construction of powerful multibeam spectrometers for high-redshift observations. The spectrometer consists of a horn-coupled microstrip feedline, a bank of narrow-band superconducting resonator filters that provide spectral selectivity, and Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) that detect the power admitted by each filter resonator. The design is realized using thin-film lithographic structures on a silicon wafer. The mm-wave microstrip feedline and spectral filters of the first prototype are designed to operate in the band from 195-310 GHz and are fabricated from niobium with at T-c of 9.2K. The KIDs are designed to operate at hundreds of MHz and are fabricated from titanium nitride with a T-c of similar to 2K. Radiation incident on the horn travels along the mm-wave microstrip, passes through the frequency-selective filter, and is finally absorbed by the corresponding KID where it causes a measurable shift in the resonant frequency. In this proceedings, we present the design of the KIDs employed in SuperSpec and the results of initial laboratory testing of a prototype device. We will also briefly describe the ongoing development of a demonstration instrument that will consist of two 500-channel, R=700 spectrometers, one operating in the 1-mm atmospheric window and the other covering the 650 and 850 micron bands. C1 [Shirokaff, E.; Hailey-Dunsheath, S.; Hollister, M. I.; Kovacs, A.; McKenney, C.; O'Brient, R.; Padin, S.; Swenson, L. J.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Barry, P. S.; Doyle, S.; Mauskopf, P.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff, Wales. [Bradford, C. M.; Chattopadhyay, G.; Day, P.; Hollister, M. I.; Llombart, N.; O'Brient, R.; Reck, T.; Swenson, L. J.; Zmuidzinas, J.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kovacs, A.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Leduc, H. G.; Llombart, N.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Marrone, D. P.] Steward Observ & Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Mauskopf, P.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Shirokaff, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM erik.shirokoff@caltech.edu RI Kovacs, Attila/C-1171-2010 OI Kovacs, Attila/0000-0001-8991-9088 FU NASA Astrophysics Research and Analysis (APRA) [399131.02.06.03.43]; W. M. Keck Institute for Space Studies; NASA Postdoctoral Programme; Science and Technology Facilities Council Ph.D studentship programme [ST/G002711/1, ST/J001449/1] FX This project is supported by NASA Astrophysics Research and Analysis (APRA) grant no. 399131.02.06.03.43. E. Shirokoff, C. McKenney, and L. J. Swenson acknowledge support from the W. M. Keck Institute for Space Studies. M. I. Hollister, L. J. Swenson, and T. Reck acknowledge support from the NASA Postdoctoral Programme. P. S. Barry acknowledges the continuing support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council Ph.D studentship programme and grant programmes ST/G002711/1 and ST/J001449/1. Device fabrication was performed the JPL Microdevices Laboratory. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84520R DI 10.1117/12.927070 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000022 ER PT S AU Swenson, LJ Day, PK Dowell, CD Eom, BH Hollister, MI Jarnot, R Kovacs, A Leduc, HG McKenney, CM Monroe, R Mroczkowski, T Nguyen, HT Zmuidzinas, J AF Swenson, Loren J. Day, Peter K. Dowell, Charles D. Eom, Byeong H. Hollister, Matthew I. Jarnot, Robert Kovacs, Attila Leduc, Henry G. McKenney, Christopher M. Monroe, Ryan Mroczkowski, Tony Nguyen, Hien T. Zmuidzinas, Jonas BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI MAKO: A pathfinder instrument for on-sky demonstration of low-cost 350 micron imaging arrays SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUL 03-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE lumped-element; superconductivity; kinetic-inductance; far-infrared; titanium nitride; multiplexing; cost ID KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTORS; CAMERA; MILLIMETER AB Submillimeter cameras now have up to 10(4) pixels (SCUBA 2). The proposed CCAT 25-meter submillimeter telescope will feature a 1 degree field-of-view. Populating the focal plane at 350 microns would require more than 10(6) photon-noise limited pixels. To ultimately achieve this scaling, simple detectors and high-density multiplexing are essential. We are addressing this long-term challenge through the development of frequency-multiplexed superconducting microresonator detector arrays. These arrays use lumped-element, direct-absorption resonators patterned from titanium nitride films. We will discuss our progress toward constructing a scalable 350 micron pathfinder instrument focusing on fabrication simplicity, multiplexing density, and ultimately a low per-pixel cost. C1 [Swenson, Loren J.; Eom, Byeong H.; Hollister, Matthew I.; Kovacs, Attila; McKenney, Christopher M.; Mroczkowski, Tony; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Swenson, Loren J.; Day, Peter K.; Dowell, Charles D.; Hollister, Matthew I.; Leduc, Henry G.; Monroe, Ryan; Mroczkowski, Tony; Nguyen, Hien T.; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, NASA Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Swenson, LJ (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM swenson@astro.caltech.edu RI Kovacs, Attila/C-1171-2010; OI Kovacs, Attila/0000-0001-8991-9088; Mroczkowski, Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372 FU California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Keck Institute for Space Science; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NASA [NNX10AC83G]; NASA Postdoctoral Program; NASA Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship program FX This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The devices used in this work were fabricated at the JPL Microdevices Laboratory. This work was supported in part by the Keck Institute for Space Science, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and NASA grant NNX10AC83G. L. Swenson and C. McKenney acknowledge support from the Keck Institute for Space Science. M. Hollister and L. Swenson acknowledge funding from the NASA Postdoctoral Program. T. Mroczkowski acknowledges funding from the NASA Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship program. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9153-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8452 AR 84520P DI 10.1117/12.926223 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDD98 UT WOS:000312884000020 ER PT S AU Frouin, R McPherson, J Ueyoshi, K Franz, BA AF Frouin, Robert McPherson, John Ueyoshi, Kyozo Franz, Bryan A. BE Frouin, RJ Ebuchi, N Pan, D Saino, T TI A Time Series of Photo-synthetically Available Radiation at the Ocean Surface from SeaWiFS and MODIS Data SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Marine Environment II CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP SPIE, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy (JAXA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit, Indian Space Res Org (ISRO), State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci DE Photosynthetically available radiation; remote sensing; ocean color; phytoplankton; SeaWiFS; MODIS AB A global, 13-year record of photo-synthetically available radiation (PAR) at the ocean surface (9-km resolution) has been generated from SeaWiFS, MODIS-Aqua, and MODIS-Terra data. The PAR values are essentially obtained by subtracting from the solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere (known) the solar energy reflected by the ocean-atmosphere system (satellite-derived) and absorbed by the atmosphere (modeled). Observations by individual instruments, combinations of two instruments, and three instruments are considered in the calculations. Spatial and temporal biases between estimates from one, two, or three instruments are determined and corrected, resulting in a consistent time series for variability studies. Uncertainties are quantified on daily, weekly, and monthly time scales for the various instrument combinations from comparisons with in situ measurements. The correlative behavior of PAR, sea surface temperature, and chlorophyll concentration in the Equatorial Pacific is examined. PAR monitoring will continue with current and future satellite ocean-color sensors, in particular VIIRS, and the methodology will be extended to generating UV-A and UV-B irradiance. C1 [Frouin, Robert] UCSD, SIO, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog Div, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Franz, Bryan A.] Ocean Biol Proc Grp, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Frouin, R (reprint author), UCSD, SIO, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog Div, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rfrouin@ucsd.edu RI Franz, Bryan/D-6284-2012 OI Franz, Bryan/0000-0003-0293-2082 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AL78A] FX The National Aeronautics and Space Administration provided funding for this work under grant No. NNX08AL78A. The NASA OBPG and the COVE Team are gratefully acknowledged. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9264-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8525 AR 852519 DI 10.1117/12.981264 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDH17 UT WOS:000313219300028 ER PT S AU Lei, N Wang, ZP Guenther, B Xiong, XX Gleason, J AF Lei, Ning Wang, Zhipeng Guenther, Bruce Xiong, Xiaoxiong Gleason, James BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Modeling the detector radiometric response gains of the Suomi NPP VIIRS reflective solar bands SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites XVI CY SEP 24-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE remote sensing; radiance; calibration; VIIRS; RSB; radiometric; Solar Diffuser; F-factor; degradation; tungsten oxide AB Right after the opening of the NADIR door of the Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite, the detector gains of the Near InfraRed (NIR) bands have decreased much faster than expected, indicating large degradation of the VIIRS sensor optical system. To determine the root cause and to access the potential outcome of the degradation, we developed a mathematical model based on physical hypotheses on the optical system, especially the Rotating Telescope Assembly mirror surfaces. Current detector gains are consistent with a model of a four-mirror system, with each mirror having a thin contaminant layer of material that reduces the mirror transmission and the reduction is activated by solar radiation. The ratios of the reduced transmission coefficients are in good agreement with those from the reflectance measurement of the Traveling Witness Mirror (after exposure of ultraviolet light from a test lamp) independently carried out as part of the degradation anomaly investigation. In this Proceeding, we describe the mathematical model and discuss the results. C1 [Lei, Ning; Wang, Zhipeng] Sigma Space Corp, 4600 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Guenther, Bruce] Stellar Solut, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Gleason, James] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lei, N (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, 4600 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM ning.lei@sigmaspace.com OI Wang, Zhipeng/0000-0002-9108-9009 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9273-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8533 AR 853319 DI 10.1117/12.974728 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD79 UT WOS:000312872400033 ER PT S AU McIntire, J Efremova, B Xiong, XX AF McIntire, Jeff Efremova, Boryana Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Calibration of NPP VIIRS Fire Detection Band Using Lunar Observations SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites XVI CY SEP 24-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE Suomi; NPP; VIIRS; on-orbit; calibration; lunar ID MODIS AB The National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) includes a fire detection band at roughly 4 mu m. This spectral band has two gain states; fire detection occurs in the low gain state above approximately 343 K. VIIRS thermal bands utilize an on-board blackbody to provide on-orbit calibration. However, as the maximum temperature of this blackbody is 315 K, the low gain state of the 4 mu m band cannot be calibrated in the same manner. Regular observations of the Moon provide an alternative calibration source, as the maximum surface temperature is around 390 K. The periodic on-board high gain calibration along with a surface temperature map based on LRO DIVINER observations was used to determine the emissivity and reflected radiance of the lunar surface at 4 mu m; these factors and the lunar data are then used to calibrate the low gain state of the fire band. Our analysis suggests that the responsivity of the low gain state is lower than the pre-launch value currently in use. C1 [McIntire, Jeff; Efremova, Boryana] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McIntire, J (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM jmcintire@sigmaspace.com NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9273-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8533 AR 85331B DI 10.1117/12.971228 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD79 UT WOS:000312872400034 ER PT S AU Neeck, SP Lindstrom, EJ Vaze, PV Fu, LL AF Neeck, Steven P. Lindstrom, Eric J. Vaze, Parag V. Fu, Lee-Lueng BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites XVI CY SEP 24-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES AB The Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission was recommended in 2007 by the National Research Council's Decadal Survey, "Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond", for implementation by NASA. The SWOT mission is a partnership between two communities, the physical oceanography and the hydrology, to share high vertical accuracy and high spatial resolution topography data produced by the science payload, principally a Ka-band radar Interferometer (KaRIn). The SWOT payload also includes a precision orbit determination system consisting of GPS and DORIS receivers, a Laser Retro-reflector Assembly (LRA), a Jason-class nadir radar altimeter, and a JASON-class radiometer for tropospheric path delay corrections. The SWOT mission will provide large-scale data sets of ocean sea-surface height resolving scales of 15km and larger, allowing the characterization of ocean mesoscale and submesoscale circulation. The SWOT mission will also provide measurements of water storage changes in terrestrial surface water bodies and estimates of discharge in large (wider than 100m) rivers globally. The SWOT measurements will provide a key complement to other NASA spaceborne global measurements of the water cycle measurements by directly measuring the surface water (lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and wetlands) component of the water cycle. The SWOT mission is an international partnership between NASA and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). The Canadian Space Agency (CSA) is also expected to contribute to the mission. SWOT is currently nearing entry to Formulation (Phase A). Its launch is targeted for October 2020. C1 [Neeck, Steven P.; Lindstrom, Eric J.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Vaze, Parag V.; Fu, Lee-Lueng] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Neeck, SP (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9273-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8533 AR 85330G DI 10.1117/12.981151 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD79 UT WOS:000312872400013 ER PT S AU Neeck, SP Kakar, RK Azarbarzin, AA Hou, AY AF Neeck, Steven P. Kakar, Ramesh K. Azarbarzin, Ardeshir A. Hou, Arthur Y. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) L-18 SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites XVI CY SEP 24-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES AB The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international network of satellites that provide the next-generation global space-based observations of rain and snow. Building upon the success of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the GPM concept centers on the deployment of a Core Observatory carrying an advanced radar / radiometer system to measure precipitation from space and serve as a reference standard to unify precipitation measurements from a constellation of research and operational satellites. Through improved measurements of precipitation globally, the GPM mission will help to advance our understanding of Earth's water and energy cycle, improve forecasting of extreme events that cause natural hazards and disasters, and extend current capabilities in using accurate and timely information of precipitation to directly benefit society. GPM, initiated by NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) as a global successor to TRMM, comprises a consortium of international space agencies, including the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), and others. The GPM Core Observatory is currently in its system level environmental test program (Phase D) following delivery and integration of the two science instruments, the JAXA Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and the NASA GPM Microwave Imager (GMI). Launch is scheduled for February 2014, in approximately 18 months, from JAXA's Tanegashima Space Center on a H-IIA launch vehicle. C1 [Neeck, Steven P.; Kakar, Ramesh K.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Azarbarzin, Ardeshir A.; Hou, Arthur Y.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Neeck, SP (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9273-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8533 AR 85330F DI 10.1117/12.981150 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD79 UT WOS:000312872400012 ER PT S AU Neeck, SP Volz, SM AF Neeck, Steven P. Volz, Stephen M. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI NASA Earth Science Flight Program SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites XVI CY SEP 24-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES AB Earth is a complex, dynamic system we do not yet fully understand. The Earth system, like the human body, comprises diverse components that interact in complex ways. We need to understand the Earth's atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere as a single connected system. Our planet is changing on all spatial and temporal scales. The purpose of NASA's Earth Science Division (ESD) is to develop a scientific understanding of Earth's system and its response to natural or human-induced changes, and to improve prediction of climate, weather, and natural hazards. A major component of NASA's ESD and residing in its Flight Program is a coordinated series of satellite and airborne missions for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, solid Earth, atmosphere, and oceans. This coordinated approach enables an improved understanding of the Earth as an integrated system. NASA is completing the development and launch of a set of Foundational missions, Decadal Survey missions, and Climate Continuity missions. As a result of the recent launches of the Aquarius/SAC-D and Soumi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellites, 16 missions are currently operating on-orbit and the Flight Program has three mission in development and a further eight Decadal Survey and Climate Continuity missions under study. Technology development is continuing for a remaining five third tier Decadal Survey mission. The first Earth Venture low to moderate cost, small to medium-sized full orbital mission, EV-2 was competitively selected and its early development activities have commenced. The EV-1 sub-orbital projects continue in implementation. Instruments for orbital missions of opportunity and the second set of EV sub-orbital projects are also being planned. An overview of plans and current status will be presented. C1 [Neeck, Steven P.; Volz, Stephen M.] NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Neeck, SP (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9273-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8533 AR 85330E DI 10.1117/12.981149 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD79 UT WOS:000312872400011 ER PT S AU Schott, JR Gerace, A Montanaro, M AF Schott, John R. Gerace, Aaron Montanaro, Matthew BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Simulation of the Performance and Image Quality Characteristics of the Landsat OLI and TIRS Sensors Using DIRSIG SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites XVI CY SEP 24-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE Landsat; DIRSIG; Image Quality; Modeling; TIRS; OLI; Calibration AB The Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing (DIRS) Image Generation (DIRSIG) model has been significantly upgraded to support the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM). The DIRSIG improvements simulate the LDCM Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) and the Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor's characteristics in support of the NASA and USGS image quality assessment programs. These improvements allow for simulation of spacecraft orbits using standard NORAD two line element (TLE) orbital descriptors. Sensor improvements include individual detector element lines of site, relative spectral response (RSR), bias, gain, non-linear response, and noise. Using DIRSIG's existing source-target-sensor radiative transfer, atmospheric propagation, scene simulation, and thermal models, simulated Landsat 8 imagery was generated. These tools were developed to enable assessment of design trades during instrument development and build, and evaluation of expected performance during instrument test, as test data is used to refine the modeled instrument performance. Current efforts are aimed at refining predicted performance models, simulating on-orbit calibration maneuvers and generation of data to test data processing and analysis algorithms. Initial studies are aimed at assessing the impact of RSR variation on banding and striping in both OLI and TIRS and the use of side slither (90 degrees Yaw) as a possible method to characterize and potentially compensate for non-linearity effects. Ongoing work aimed at simulating targets to support image based registration of the OLI and TIRS instruments is also presented. In general, the use of advanced simulation and modeling tools to support instrument design trades, image quality prediction, on-orbit image quality assessment and operational trades is reviewed. The overall effort is designed to provide simulated imagery incorporating all aspects of the instrument acquisition physics and scene phenomenology in support of instrument developers, operators, and Earth observation scientists. C1 [Schott, John R.; Gerace, Aaron] Rochester Inst Technol, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Montanaro, Matthew] Sigma Space Corp, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Schott, JR (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9273-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8533 AR 85330L DI 10.1117/12.971226 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD79 UT WOS:000312872400016 ER PT S AU Smith, GL Szewczyk, ZP Priestley, KJ Roca, R AF Smith, G. Louis Szewczyk, Z. Peter Priestley, Kory J. Roca, Remy BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI METHOD OF COMPARING CERES AND SCARAB 3 MEASUREMENTS SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites XVI CY SEP 24-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE CERES; ScaRaB; NPP; Megha-Tropique; radiation budget ID CALIBRATION AB The SCAnner for RAdiation Budget (ScaRaB) 3 instrument is aboard the Megha-Tropique spacecraft. The CERES Flight Model 5 was recently placed in orbit aboard the NPP spacecraft to replace the CERES FM-1 through -4 aboard the Terra and Aqua spacecraft which have provided Earth radiation budget measurement for twelve and ten years. The CERES instruments have been rotated in azimuth so the CERES can observe the same scene in the same direction as ScaRaB, thus both instruments measure the same radiance for shortwave (reflected solar) radiance and for longwave (Earth-emitted) radiance. The data collected in this manner serves to validate all of these instruments. The geometry of the operation of CERES as constrained by the orbits is described. C1 [Smith, G. Louis; Szewczyk, Z. Peter] Sci Syst Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Priestley, Kory J.] Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Roca, Remy] Ctr Natl Rech Spatiale, Paris, France. RP Smith, GL (reprint author), Sci Syst Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. FU Science Directorate of Langley Research Centre; Science Mission Directorate of the Earth Science Division of NASA FX authors are grateful to the Science Directorate of Langley Research Centre and to the Science Mission Directorate of the Earth Science Division of NASA for the support of the CERES Project. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9273-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8533 AR 85331D DI 10.1117/12.974342 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD79 UT WOS:000312872400035 ER PT S AU Teague, KK Smith, GL Priestley, K Lukashin, C Roithmayr, C AF Teague, Kelly K. Smith, G. Louis Priestley, Kory Lukashin, Constantine Roithmayr, Carlos BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Development of dedicated target tracking capability for the CERES instruments through flight software: enhancing radiometric validation and on-orbit calibration SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites XVI CY SEP 24-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE CERES; NPP; Earth Radiation Budget; Software ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; MEASURING MISSION SATELLITE; RADIATIVE FLUX ESTIMATION; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; CLOUDS AB Five CERES scanning radiometers have been flown to date. The Proto-Flight Model flew aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission spacecraft in November 1997. Two CERES instruments, Flight Models (FM) 1 and 2, are aboard the Terra spacecraft, which was launched in December 1999. Two more CERES instruments, FM-3 and FM-4, are on the Aqua spacecraft, which was placed in orbit in May 2002. These instruments continue to operate after providing over a decade of Earth Radiation Budget data. The CERES FM-5 instrument, onboard the Suomi-NPP spacecraft, launched in October 2011. The CERES FM-6 instrument is manifested on the JPPS-1 spacecraft to be launched in December 2016. A successor to these instruments is presently in the definition stage. This paper describes the evolving role of flight software in the operation of these instruments to meet the Science objectives of the mission and also the ability to execute supplemental tasks as they evolve. In order to obtain and maintain high accuracy in the data products from these instruments, a number of operational activities have been developed and implemented since the instruments were originally designed and placed in orbit. These new activities are possible because of the ability to exploit and modify the flight software, which operates the instruments. The CERES Flight Software interface was designed to allow for on-orbit modification, and as such, constantly evolves to meet changing needs. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of modifications which have been developed to allow dedicated targeting of specific geographic locations as the CERES sensor flies overhead on its host spacecraft. This new observing strategy greatly increases the temporal and angular sampling for specific targets of high scientific interest. C1 [Teague, Kelly K.; Smith, G. Louis] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Priestley, Kory; Lukashin, Constantine; Roithmayr, Carlos] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Teague, KK (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9273-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8533 AR 85331E DI 10.1117/12.974772 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD79 UT WOS:000312872400036 ER PT S AU Wenny, BN Xiong, X Madhavan, S AF Wenny, B. N. Xiong, X. Madhavan, S. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Evaluation of Terra and Aqua MODIS Thermal Emissive Band Calibration Consistency SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites XVI CY SEP 24-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE MODIS; calibration; thermal emissive bands AB Terra and Aqua MODIS have operated continuously for more than 12 and 10 years respectively and are key instruments for NASA's Earth Observing System missions. The 16 thermal emissive bands (TEB), covering wavelengths from 3.5 to 14.4 mu m with a nadir spatial resolution of 1 km are used to regularly generate a variety of atmosphere, ocean and land science products. As the sensors age well past their prime design life of 6 years, understanding the instrument on-orbit performance is necessary to maintain consistency between sensors in the long-term data records. Recurrent observations of Dome C, Antarctica by both Terra and Aqua MODIS over mission lifetime are used to track the calibration consistency and stability of the two sensors. A ground temperature sensor provides a proxy reference measurement useful for determining the relative bias between the two instruments. This technique is most useful for the land surface sensing bands, such as bands 29, 31 and 32, but can be applied to all other TEB to provide a metric to assess long-term trends. A change in the TEB calibration approach for the MODIS Collection 6 reprocessing mitigate a cold scene bias previously observed for retrievals of brightness temperatures well below the on-board blackbody calibrator temperature range (270-315 K). The impact of the Collection 6 calibration changes are illustrated using the Dome C observations. C1 [Wenny, B. N.] Sigma Space Corp, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, X.] NASA GSFC, Sci & Explorat, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Madhavan, S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Wenny, BN (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9273-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8533 AR 853317 DI 10.1117/12.974230 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD79 UT WOS:000312872400031 ER PT S AU Wenny, BN Wu, AS Madhavan, S Wang, ZP Li, YH Chen, N Chiang, KF Xiong, XX AF Wenny, Brian N. Wu, Aisheng Madhavan, Sriharsha Wang, Zhipeng Li, Yonghong Chen, Na Chiang, Kwo-Fu Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI MODIS TEB Calibration Approach in Collection 6 SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites XVI CY SEP 24-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE MODIS; TEB; blackbody; calibration AB The MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a heritage sensor operating on both the Terra and Aqua platforms, and has collected remotely sensed data for a combined mission time of twenty plus years. The instrument robustness and performance over their lifetimes has been very satisfactory and is well calibrated using the o-nboard calibrators (OBC). The radiometric fidelity of the MODIS instruments has ensured the high quality of science products derived from the Level 1B (L1B) imagery. MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) are calibrated on-orbit using an on-board blackbody (BB) and through the space-view (SV) port. The MODIS BB is nominally controlled at 290K for Terra and at 285K for Aqua. Periodically, a BB warm-up and cool-down (WUCD) process is implemented, during which the BB temperatures vary from instrument ambient (approximately 272K) to 315K. The calibration coefficients for the 16 TEB bands are characterized using the above mentioned on-board BB operations (i.e. using nominal and WUCD operations). This paper will focus on the calibration algorithms of the TEB developed for collection 6 (C6) processing, its impact on the Level 1B (L1B) product in comparison to collection 5 (C5), and the methodology for issuing a Look Up Table (LUT) update for L1B processing. C1 [Wenny, Brian N.; Wu, Aisheng; Wang, Zhipeng; Chen, Na; Chiang, Kwo-Fu] Sigma Space Corp, 4801 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Madhavan, Sriharsha; Li, Yonghong] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20707 USA. RP Wenny, BN (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, 4801 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. OI Wang, Zhipeng/0000-0002-9108-9009 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9273-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8533 AR 85331M DI 10.1117/12.974231 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD79 UT WOS:000312872400041 ER PT S AU Xiong, X Wenny, B Sun, J Angal, A Wu, A Chen, H Choi, T Madhavan, S Geng, X Link, D Wang, Z Toller, G Barnes, W Salomonson, V AF Xiong, X. Wenny, B. Sun, J. Angal, A. Wu, A. Chen, H. Choi, T. Madhavan, S. Geng, X. Link, D. Wang, Z. Toller, G. Barnes, W. Salomonson, V. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Overview of Aqua MODIS 10-year On-orbit Calibration and Performance SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites XVI CY SEP 24-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE Aqua; MODIS; sensor; calibration; radiometry AB Since launch in May 2002, Aqua MODIS has successfully operated for over 10 years, continuously collecting global datasets for scientific studies of key parameters of the earth's land, ocean, and atmospheric properties and their changes over time. The quality of these geophysical parameters relies on the input quality of sensor calibrated radiances. MODIS observations are made in 36 spectral bands with wavelengths ranging from visible (VIS) to long-wave infrared (LWIR). Its reflective solar bands (RSB) are calibrated using data collected from its on-board solar diffuser and regularly scheduled lunar views. The thermal emissive bands (TEB) are calibrated using an on-board blackbody (BB). The changes in the sensor's spectral and spatial characteristics are monitored by an on-board spectroradiometric calibration assembly (SRCA). This paper presents an overview of Aqua MODIS 10-year on-orbit operation and calibration activities, from launch to present, and summarizes its on-orbit radiometric, spectral, and spatial calibration and characterization performance. In addition, on-orbit changes in sensor characteristics and corrections applied to continuously maintain level 1B (L1B) data quality are discussed, as well as lessons learned that could benefit future calibration efforts. C1 [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wenny, B.; Sun, J.; Wu, A.; Choi, T.; Geng, X.; Link, D.; Wang, Z.; Toller, G.] Sigma Space Co, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Angal, A.; Madhavan, S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Barnes, W.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Salomonson, V.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Xiong, X (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9273-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8533 AR 853316 DI 10.1117/12.973769 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD79 UT WOS:000312872400030 ER PT S AU Xiong, XX Butler, J Wu, AS Chiang, V Efremova, B Madhavan, S McIntire, J Oudrari, H AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Butler, Jim Wu, Aisheng Chiang, Vincent Efremova, Boryana Madhavan, Sriharsha McIntire, Jeff Oudrari, Hassan BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Comparison of MODIS and VIIRS On-board Blackbody Performance SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites XVI CY SEP 24-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE Terra; Aqua; SNPP; MODIS; VIIRS; blackbody; thermistors; calibration; stability ID CALIBRATION AB MODIS has 16 thermal emissive bands (TEB) with wavelengths ranging from 3.7 to 14.4 mu m. MODIS TEB are calibrated on-orbit by a v-grooved blackbody (BB) on a scan-by-scan basis. The BB temperatures are measured by a set of 12 thermistors. As expected, the BB temperature uncertainty and stability have direct impact on TEB calibration quality and, therefore, the quality of the science products derived from TEB observations. Since launch, Terra and Aqua MODIS have successfully operated for more than 12 and 10 years, respectively. Overall performance of each on-board BB has been satisfactory, meeting the TEB on-orbit calibration requirements. The first VIIRS instrument was launched on-board the Suomi NPP spacecraft on October 28, 2011. It has successfully completed its initial Intensive Calibration and Validation (ICV) phase. As a followed-up instrument to MODIS, VIIRS has 7 TEB, covering wavelengths from 3.7 to 12.0 mu m. Designed with strong MODIS heritage, VIIRS uses a similar BB for its TEB calibration. Like MODIS, VIIRS BB is nominally controlled at a constant temperature. Periodically, a BB Warm-Up and Cool-Down (WUCD) operation is performed, during which the BB temperatures vary from instrument ambient (temperature) to 315 K. Following a brief review of MODIS and VIIRS BB operation strategy, this paper examines and compares their on-orbit performance in terms of BB temperature scan-to-scan variations during sensor nominal operations as well as during periodic BB WUCD operations. In addition, this paper shows the noise characterization results for the closely matched MODIS and VIIRS spectral bands. C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack); Butler, Jim] NASA GSFC, Sci Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, Aisheng; Chiang, Vincent; Efremova, Boryana; McIntire, Jeff; Oudrari, Hassan] Sigma Space Co, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Madhavan, Sriharsha] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Sci Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Butler, James/D-4188-2013 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9273-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8533 AR 853318 DI 10.1117/12.977560 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD79 UT WOS:000312872400032 ER PT S AU Pariat, E Schmieder, B Masson, S Aulanier, G AF Pariat, E. Schmieder, B. Masson, S. Aulanier, G. BE Faurobert, M Fang, C Corbard, T TI RESISTIVE MAGNETIC FLUX EMERGENCE AND FORMATION OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS SO UNDERSTANDING SOLAR ACTIVITY: ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th French-Chinese Meeting on Solar Physics CY NOV 15-18, 2011 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CNRS, Programme Natl Soleil-Terre, Univ Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, UNS-CNRS, Lab Fizeau, OCA-CNRS, Lab Cassiopee, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China ID EMERGING FLUX; ELLERMAN BOMBS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; H-ALPHA; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; SPHERICAL-SHELL; CONVECTION ZONE; LINE-PROFILES; TUBES; ATMOSPHERE AB Magnetic flux emergence as the mechanism leading to the formation of magnetized structures in the solar atmosphere plays a key role in the dynamic of the Sun. Observed as a whole, emerging flux regions show clear signs of twisted structure, bearing the magnetic free energy necessary to power active events. The high resolution observations of the recent solar observatories (e.g. Hinode, SDO) have revealed how intermittent the magnetic field appears and how various active events induced by flux emergence are. Magnetic field reconstructions methods show that the topology of the field in interspot regions presents a serpentine structure, i.e. field lines having successive U and Omega parts. Associated with the appearance of magnetic polarities, a tremendous number of brief small scale brightening are observed in different photospheric and chromospheric lines, e.g. Ellerman Bombs, along with small scale jet-like structures. These events are believed to be the observational signatures of the multiple magnetic reconnections which enable the magnetic field to emerge further up and magnetically structure the corona above active region. Meanwhile a world-wide effort to numerically model the emergence of magnetic field forming solar active region is been carried on. Using different types of physical paradigm - e.g. idealized magnetohydrodynamic model, advanced treatment of the physical equations, data-driven simulations - these numerical experiments highlight how electric currents can build-up during flux emergence, lead to reconnection and thus explain the formation of the different observed transients. C1 [Pariat, E.; Schmieder, B.; Aulanier, G.] Univ Paris Diderot, LESIA, Observ Paris, CNRS,UPMC, Meudon, France. [Masson, S.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Pariat, E (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, LESIA, Observ Paris, CNRS,UPMC, Meudon, France. EM etienne.pariat@obspm.fr; denis.savary@obspm.fr; guillaume.aulanier@obspm.fr NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0752-9 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2012 VL 55 BP 115 EP + DI 10.1051/eas/1255016 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDE82 UT WOS:000312967500016 ER PT S AU Dalmasse, K Pariat, E Antiochos, SK DeVore, CR AF Dalmasse, K. Pariat, E. Antiochos, S. K. DeVore, C. R. BE Faurobert, M Fang, C Corbard, T TI CORONAL JETS IN AN INCLINED CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELD: A PARAMETRIC 3D MHD STUDY SO UNDERSTANDING SOLAR ACTIVITY: ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th French-Chinese Meeting on Solar Physics CY NOV 15-18, 2011 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CNRS, Programme Natl Soleil-Terre, Univ Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, UNS-CNRS, Lab Fizeau, OCA-CNRS, Lab Cassiopee, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China ID X-RAY JETS; HINODE AB X-ray solar coronal jets are short-duration, fast, well collimated plasma brightenings occurring in the solar corona. To explain and understand the processes driving the jets, one must be able to model an explosive release of free energy. Magnetic reconnection is believed to play a key role in the generation of these energetic bursting events. The model of jets that we have been developing is based on a magnetic field constructed by embedding a vertical magnetic dipole in a uniform open magnetic field. In this study, we investigate the influence of the inclination of the open field on the properties of the jet using numerical simulations. We will show that the inclination of the open field is of critical importance for the properties of the jet such as the energy released. We conclude that the characteristics of the open field at the time of observations are a central criterion that must be taken into account and reported on in observational studies. C1 [Dalmasse, K.; Pariat, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, LESIA, Observ Paris,CNRS, Paris, France. [Antiochos, S. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DeVore, C. R.] Naval Res Lab, Lab Comptuat Phy & Fluid Mech, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dalmasse, K (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, LESIA, Observ Paris,CNRS, Paris, France. EM kevin.dalmasse@laposte.net; etienne.pariat@obspm.fr RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0752-9 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2012 VL 55 BP 201 EP + DI 10.1051/eas/1255028 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDE82 UT WOS:000312967500028 ER PT S AU Lall, P Lowe, R Goebel, K Cooper, W AF Lall, Pradeep Lowe, Ryan Goebel, Kai Cooper, Will GP IEEE TI Cost Assessment for Implementation of Embedded Prognostic Health Management for Electronic Systems SO 2012 13TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (ITHERM) SE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm) CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging and Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) DE Prognostics; Cost Justification; Residual Life Assessment; Black-Scholes; Monte Carlo; Datar-Mathews method ID FINE-PITCH BGAS; DROP-IMPACT; SHOCK; RELIABILITY; PHM; MODELS; CSPS AB Prognostic health management (PHM) is a method for assuring the reliability of a system by monitoring the system in real time as it is used in the field. As the system wears out, but before failure, information that facilitates decision making about the future use of the system is delivered to the user. In this paper, a cost justification has been developed for incorporating the additional circuitry needed to enable prognostics for electrical components directly onto a functional circuit board. Implementing PHM capability for circuit boards will add additional cost to a system, so high reliability systems where the cost of failure is high are easiest to cost justify for prognostics. Aerospace, defense and automotive, applications qualify as high reliability systems. Application domains that require high uptime, minimal amounts of unplanned maintenance, and controllable operating costs can also be cost justified for prognostics since they can benefit from the pro-active management of failures facilitated by PHM. Intangible criteria such as safety or the cost of human life also motivated the need for PHM, so often times projects are labeled strategic, and not subjected to the discipline of a fmancial analysis. This paper will show rigorous methods for assessing the decision to invest in PHM for electronics. The uncertain nature of research and development (R&D) and difficult to predict future economic conditions is not well captured by traditional discounted cash flow (DCF) methods. An approach known as the Datar-Mathews (DM) method will extend the DCF methods to be equivalent to a real options analysis and the Black-Scholes formula. The DM method is intuitive and uses concepts familiar to most engineers and technical managers. C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Lowe, Ryan] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Elect Res Ctr CAVE3, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Cooper, Will] John Deere Elect Syst, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Elect Res Ctr CAVE3, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@auburn.edu NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1936-3958 BN 978-1-4244-9532-0 J9 INTSOC CONF THERMAL PY 2012 BP 487 EP 497 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BDD69 UT WOS:000312835500067 ER PT S AU Lall, P Gupta, P Goebel, K AF Lall, Pradeep Gupta, Prashant Goebel, Kai GP IEEE TI Classification of Multiple Failure Modes in Package-on-Package (PoP) Assemblies using Feature Vectors for Progression of Accrued Damage SO 2012 13TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (ITHERM) SE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm) CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging and Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) DE Prognostic health management; Karhunen Loeve transform; PoP; neural nets; failure mode classification ID TIME-FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS AB Miniaturization of electronic products has resulted in proliferation of package-on-package (PoP) architectures in portable electronics. In this study, daisy-chained double-stack PoP components have been used for early-identification of drop-shock impact damage. Time-spectral feature vector based damage pre-cursors have been identified and measured under applied shock stimulus. Experimental strain data has been acquired using strain sensors, digital image correlation. Continuity has been measured suing high-speed instrumentation for identification of failure in the PoP assemblies. The time-evolution of spectral content of the damage pre-cursors has been studied using joint time frequency analysis (JTFA). The Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) has been used for feature reduction and de-correlation of the feature vectors for input to an artificial neural network. The artificial neural net has been trained for failure-mode identification using simulated data-sets created from error-seeded models with specific failure modes. The neural net has then been used to identify and classify the failure modes experimentally observed in tested board assemblies. Supervised learning of multilayer neural net in conjunction with parity has been used to identify the hard-separation boundaries between failure mode clusters in the de-correlated feature space. Pre-failure feature space has been classified for different fault modes in PoP assemblies subjected to drop and shock. C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Gupta, Prashant] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Elect Res Ctr CAVE3, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Elect Res Ctr CAVE3, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@auburn.edu FU NASA- IVHM [NNA08BA21C] FX The research presented in this paper has been supported by NASA- IVHM Program Grant NNA08BA21C from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1936-3958 BN 978-1-4244-9532-0 J9 INTSOC CONF THERMAL PY 2012 BP 498 EP 513 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BDD69 UT WOS:000312835500068 ER PT S AU Ghaffarian, R AF Ghaffarian, Reza GP IEEE TI Reliability of Column/Board/CCGA Attachment SO 2012 13TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (ITHERM) SE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm) CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging and Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) DE Column grid array; CCGA; CGA; rework; re-column; solder joint reliability; thermal tests ID CCGA AB Commercial-off-the-shelf column grid array packaging (COTS CCGA) technologies are now being considered for use in a number of high reliability applications. This paper presents rework and re-column attachment of two high input/output (I/O) CCGA (CGA) packages (1144 and 560 I/Os): Subsequent to re-column attachment and isothermal aging, the integrity of tin-lead solder-column attachment was determined and presented. In addition, the process-control parameters for assembly of re-columned CGA packages using either vapor-phase or rework stations were established for both package types/sizes. Details of these process control parameters as well as quality assurance indicators based on visual inspection before and during thermal cycling tests are presented. Qualification guidelines generated based on these and additional optical photomicrographs, X-rays, SEMs, and destructive cross-sectioning of thermally cycled, reworked, re-columned, and re-assembled test vehicles of these CGAs are presented in detail. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ghaffarian, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Reza.Ghaffrian@JPL.NASA.Gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1936-3958 BN 978-1-4244-9532-0 J9 INTSOC CONF THERMAL PY 2012 BP 619 EP 627 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BDD69 UT WOS:000312835500082 ER PT S AU Lall, P Harsha, M Goebel, K Jones, J Suhling, J AF Lall, Pradeep Harsha, Mahendra Goebel, Kai Jones, Jim Suhling, Jeff GP IEEE TI Leading Indicator Based Assessment of Operational Readiness in Electronics Subjected To Multiple Environments SO 2012 13TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (ITHERM) SE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm) CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging and Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) DE Prognostics; Reliability; Leading Indicators; Health Management; Lead-free alloys ID BOUNDARY-SCAN; RELIABILITY; SHOCK; VIBRATION; TESTABILITY; DESIGN; BIST; BIT AB Field deployed electronics may accrue damage due to environmental exposure and usage after finite period of service but may not often have any macro-indicators of failure such as cracks or delamination. A method to interrogate the damage state of field deployed electronics in the pre-failure space may allow insight into the damage initiation, progression, and remaining useful life of the deployed system. Aging has been previously shown to effect the reliability and constitutive behavior of second-level leadfree interconnects. Prognostication of accrued damage and assessment of residual life can provide valuable insight into impending failure. In this paper, field deployed parts have been extracted and prognosticated for accrued damage and remaining useful life in an anticipated future deployment environment. A subset of the field deployed parts have been tested to failure in the anticipated field deployed environment to validate the assessment of remaining useful life. In addition, some parts have been subjected to additional know thermo-mechanical stresses and the incremental damage accrued validated with respect to the amount of additional damage imposed on the assemblies. The presented methodology uses leading indicators of failure based on micro-structural evolution of damage to identify accrued damage in electronic systems subjected to sequential stresses of thermal aging and thermal cycling. Damage equivalency methodologies have been developed to map damage accrued in thermal aging to the reduction in thermo-mechanical cyclic life based on damage proxies. The expected error with interrogation of system state and assessment of residual life has been quantified. Prognostic metrics including alpha-lambda metric, sample standard deviation, mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, average bias, relative accuracy, and cumulative relative accuracy have been used to compare the performance of the damage proxies. C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Harsha, Mahendra; Suhling, Jeff] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Ctr Adv Vehicle & Extreme Environm Elect CAVE, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Jones, Jim] Oracle Corp, Sunnyvale, CA USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Ctr Adv Vehicle & Extreme Environm Elect CAVE, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@auburn.edu FU NASA- IVHM [NNA08BA21C]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration. FX The research presented in this paper has been supported by NASA- IVHM Program Grant NNA08BA21C from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1936-3958 BN 978-1-4244-9532-0 J9 INTSOC CONF THERMAL PY 2012 BP 639 EP 653 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BDD69 UT WOS:000312835500085 ER PT S AU Lall, P Zhang, H Goebel, K AF Lall, Pradeep Zhang, Hao Goebel, Kai GP IEEE TI Comparison of Particle Filter using SIR Algorithm with Self-adaptive Filter using ARMA for PHM of Electronics SO 2012 13TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (ITHERM) SE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm) CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging and Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) DE Particle filter; ARMA; Prognostic health management; Bayesian ID FINE-PITCH BGAS; HEALTH MANAGEMENT; DROP-IMPACT; RELIABILITY; SHOCK; PROGNOSTICS; MODELS; MAINTENANCE; TRACKING; FAILURE AB In this paper, an anomaly method has been developed for the prognostication and health monitoring of Electronic assemblies under shock and vibration. Previously, damage initiation, damage progression in electronic assemblies have been monitored using state-space vector from resistance spectroscopy and then be analyzed with particle filter (PF) and the theory of Bayesian. Precise resistance measurement based on the resistance spectroscopy method and the predicted model for the damage process, have been used to quantify the damage initiation and damage progression. However, they vary a lot in different materials and situation. The presented effectiveness of the proposed prognostic health management method based self-adaptive filter and Auto Regressive model. During a shock or vibration test, we can see that the damage of the solder must come from the previous damage in the last state. Therefore, the Auto Regressive model can help us get a precise step propagation function, build the relationship among the continuous state vectors, rate of change of the state vector and acceleration of state vector. With this relationship, we can construct a feature vector. In order to fit different material and situation, the weight of different state variables will be predicted by the self-adaptive filter in which the minimum mean square error algorithm will be used. With the estimated auto-correlation function, cross-correlation function metrics and state parameters, we can propagate the feature state vector into the future and predict the time at which the feature vector will cross the failure threshold. Therefore, remaining useful life has been calculated based on the propagation of the state vector. Standard prognostic health management metrics were used to quantify the performance of the algorithm against the actual remaining useful life. C1 [Lall, Pradeep; Zhang, Hao] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Elect Res Ctr CAVE3, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NASA Ames, Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Elect Res Ctr CAVE3, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@auburn.edu FU NSF FX The research presented in this paper has been supported by NSF Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics (CAVE3) consortium-members. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1936-3958 BN 978-1-4244-9532-0 J9 INTSOC CONF THERMAL PY 2012 BP 1292 EP 1305 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BDD69 UT WOS:000312835500165 ER PT S AU Auciello, O Sumant, A Getty, S Glavin, D AF Auciello, Orlando Sumant, Anirudha Getty, Stephanie Glavin, Daniel GP IEEE TI Ultrananocrystalline Diamond (UNCD) Films for Field Emission-Based Science and Devices SO 2012 25TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVNC) SE International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Jeju Island, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, Korea Univ, Inst Nanotechnol, Korea Univ, WCU Flexible Nanosyst Grp, Korea Univ, BK21 Informat Technol Div, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst (ETRI), Korean Informat Display Soc (KIDS), Korean Carbon Soc, Electron Devices Soc (EDS), AVS C1 [Auciello, Orlando; Sumant, Anirudha] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Getty, Stephanie; Glavin, Daniel] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA, Washington, DC USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM auciello@anl.gov RI Getty, Stephanie/D-7037-2012; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012 OI Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2164-2370 BN 978-1-4673-1983-6; 978-1-4673-1982-9 J9 INT VACUUM NANOELECT PY 2012 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDD81 UT WOS:000312875600011 ER PT J AU Hart, AF Verma, R Mattmann, CA Crichton, DJ Kelly, S Kincaid, H Hughes, S Ramirez, P Goodale, C Anton, K Colbert, M Downs, RR Patriotis, C Srivastava, S AF Hart, Andrew F. Verma, Rishi Mattmann, Chris A. Crichton, Daniel J. Kelly, Sean Kincaid, Heather Hughes, Steven Ramirez, Paul Goodale, Cameron Anton, Kristen Colbert, Maureen Downs, Robert R. Patriotis, Christos Srivastava, Sudhir BE Zhang, C Joshi, J Bertino, E Thuraisingham, B TI Developing an Open Source, Reusable Platform for Distributed Collaborative Information Management in the Early Detection Research Network SO 2012 IEEE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION (IRI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IEEE IRI) / DIM / WICSOC / IEEE EM- RITE / IRI-HI CY AUG 08-10, 2012 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), Soc Informat Reuse & Integrat (SIRI), IEEE ID OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AB For the past decade, the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in collaboration with Dartmouth University has served as the center for informatics for the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN). The EDRN is a multi-institution research effort funded by the U. S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) and tasked with identifying and validating biomarkers for the early detection of cancer. As the distributed network has grown, increasingly formal processes have been developed for the acquisition, curation, storage, and dissemination of heterogeneous research information assets, and an informatics infrastructure has emerged. In this paper we discuss the evolution of EDRN informatics, its success as a mechanism for distributed information integration, and the potential sustainability and reuse benefits of emerging efforts to make the platform components themselves open source. We describe our experience transitioning a large closed-source software system to a community-driven, open source project at the Apache Software Foundation, and point to lessons learned that will guide our present efforts to promote the reuse of the EDRN informatics infrastructure by a broader community. C1 [Hart, Andrew F.; Verma, Rishi; Mattmann, Chris A.; Crichton, Daniel J.; Kelly, Sean; Kincaid, Heather; Hughes, Steven; Ramirez, Paul; Goodale, Cameron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Anton, Kristen; Colbert, Maureen] Dartmouth Med Sch, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Downs, Robert R.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Int Earth Sci Informat Network, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Patriotis, Christos; Srivastava, Sudhir] Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hart, AF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM hart@jpl.nasa.gov; rishi.verma@jpl.nasa.gov; mattmann@jpl.nasa.gov; crichton@jpl.nasa.gov; kristen.anton@dartmouth.edu; maureen.colbert@dartmouth.edu; rdowns@ciesin.columbia.edu; patriotisc@mail.nih.gov; srivasts@mail.nih.gov RI Downs, Robert/B-4153-2013 OI Downs, Robert/0000-0002-8595-5134 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NCI FX This effort was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, managed by the California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors would like to thank Christos Patriotis, and Sudhir Srivastava, and the NCI leadership as a whole for their collaborative guidance and support. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2284-3 PY 2012 BP 263 EP 270 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDC08 UT WOS:000312540300041 ER PT J AU Mattmann, CA Downs, RR Ramirez, PM Goodale, C Hart, AF AF Mattmann, Chris A. Downs, Robert R. Ramirez, Paul M. Goodale, Cameron Hart, Andrew F. BE Zhang, C Joshi, J Bertino, E Thuraisingham, B TI Developing an Open Source Strategy for NASA Earth Science Data Systems SO 2012 IEEE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION (IRI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IEEE IRI) / DIM / WICSOC / IEEE EM- RITE / IRI-HI CY AUG 08-10, 2012 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc (IEEE SMC), Soc Informat Reuse & Integrat (SIRI), IEEE DE Open source; Software reuse; Earth science data; Scientific software; Systems of systems ID OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE; LINUX AB We have found open source to be an effective platform for software reuse. Within the NASA Earth science data systems community, there are a number of distinct applications, ranging from interactions amongst science investigator led processing systems (SIPS), which focus on active data processing, algorithm experimentation and evaluation, and the reuse of instrument processing approaches; to NASA's Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) that are responsible for outward facing data dissemination to the public, and where long term preservation of data and reuse are distinctly important; all the way to downstream proposal led systems, where investigators are funded by NASA to reuse data and software to produce fused data products, and to aggregate and reuse NASA data systems in a systems-of-systems manner. Recognizing the need for a coordinated effort to inform the reuse of components within the NASA ecosystem, we are developing a strategic approach for the development and reuse of open source software. The NASA open source strategy builds on a set of dimensions involving legal, architectural, community, and redistribution areas that are of prime importance to the agency as a whole. C1 [Mattmann, Chris A.; Ramirez, Paul M.; Goodale, Cameron; Hart, Andrew F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Instrument & Sci Data Syst, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Downs, Robert R.] Columbia Univ, CIESIN, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Mattmann, Chris A.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Mattmann, CA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Instrument & Sci Data Syst, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mattmann@jpl.nasa.gov; rdowns@ciesin.columbia.edu RI Downs, Robert/B-4153-2013 OI Downs, Robert/0000-0002-8595-5134 FU NASA [NNG08HZ11C] FX This work was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Support for Robert R. Downs was provided under NASA contract NNG08HZ11C. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2284-3 PY 2012 BP 687 EP 693 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDC08 UT WOS:000312540300098 ER PT J AU Dolinar, S Erkmen, BI Moision, B Birnbaum, KM Divsalar, D AF Dolinar, Sam Erkmen, Baris I. Moision, Bruce Birnbaum, Kevin M. Divsalar, Dariush GP IEEE TI The Ultimate Limits of Optical Communication Efficiency with Photon-Counting Receivers SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS (ISIT) SE IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Cambridge, MA SP IEEE AB Coherent states achieve the Holevo capacity of a pure-loss channel when paired with an optimal measurement, but a physical realization of this measurement is unknown, and likely to be of high complexity. In this paper, we focus on the photon-counting measurement and study the photon and dimensional efficiencies attainable with modulations over classical- and nonclassical-state alphabets. We first review state-of-the-art coherent on-off-keying (OOK) and pulse-position modulation (PPM) with a photon-counting measurement, illustrating its asymptotic inefficiency relative to the Holevo limit. Then we analyze two architectures that improve upon the dimensional versus photon efficiency tradeoff achievable with conventional OOK or PPM. We show that at high photon efficiency these architectures achieve an efficiency tradeoff that differs from the best possible tradeoff by only a constant factor. The first architecture is a coherent-state transmitter that relies on feedback from the receiver to control the transmitted energy. The second architecture uses a single-photon number-state source. C1 [Dolinar, Sam; Erkmen, Baris I.; Moision, Bruce; Birnbaum, Kevin M.; Divsalar, Dariush] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Dolinar, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sam.dolinar@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2579-0 J9 IEEE INT SYMP INFO PY 2012 BP 541 EP 545 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDC13 UT WOS:000312544300111 ER PT J AU Divsalar, D Dolecek, L AF Divsalar, Dariush Dolecek, Lara GP IEEE TI Graph Cover Ensembles of Non-binary Protograph LDPC Codes SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS (ISIT) SE IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Cambridge, MA SP IEEE AB This paper introduces a novel class of non-binary graph-based codes, built upon graph covers of non-binary protograph LDPC codes. This new ensemble is more restrictive than previously considered constructions, but in turn is much simpler to design and implement. The simplifications in design allow for the enumeration of codeword weight, trapping set size, stopping set size, and pseudo codeword weights, both as exact quantities in the finite-length regime and as corresponding growth rates in the asymptotic setting. The presented construction and the accompanying enumerations enhance the analytical toolbox of non-binary LDPC codes. C1 [Divsalar, Dariush] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Divsalar, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Dariush.Divsalar@jpl.nasa.gov; dolecek@ee.ucla.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2579-0 J9 IEEE INT SYMP INFO PY 2012 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDC13 UT WOS:000312544302125 ER PT S AU Girard, JHV O'Neal, J Mawet, D Kasper, M Zins, G Neichel, B Kolb, J Christiaens, V Tourneboeuf, M AF Girard, Julien H. V. O'Neal, Jared Mawet, Dimitri Kasper, Markus Zins, Gerard Neichel, Benot Kolb, Johann Christiaens, Valentin Tourneboeuf, Martin BE Ellerbroek, BL Marchetti, E Veran, JP TI Image quality and high contrast improvements on VLT/NACOnfr SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Adaptive Optics; High Angular Resolution; High Contrast Imaging; Very Large Telescope; Infrared Astronomy; Phase Diversity; Strehl Ratio; Calibration ID CONICA STATIC ABERRATIONS; PHASE MASK CORONAGRAPH; LARGE TELESCOPE; GALACTIC-CENTER; BLACK-HOLE; NAOS; 1ST; SYSTEM; STARS; VLT AB NACO* is the famous and versatile diffraction limited NIR imager and spectrograph with which ESO celebrated 10 years of Adaptive Optics at the VLT. Since two years a substantial effort has been put in to understanding and fixing issues that directly affect the image quality and the high contrast performances of the instrument. Experiments to compensate the non-common-path aberrations and recover the highest possible Strehl ratios have been carried out successfully and a plan is hereafter described to perform such measurements regularly. The drift associated to pupil tracking since 2007 was fixed in October 2011. NACO is therefore even better suited for high contrast imaging and can be used with coronagraphic masks in the image plane. Some contrast measurements are shown and discussed. The work accomplished on NACO will serve as reference for the next generation instruments on the VLT, especially those working at the diffraction limit and making use of angular differential imaging (i.e. SPHERE,(1) VISIR,(2) and possibly ERIS3). C1 [Girard, Julien H. V.; O'Neal, Jared; Mawet, Dimitri; Christiaens, Valentin] European So Observ, Casilla 19001, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile. [Mawet, Dimitri] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kasper, Markus] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Zins, Gerard] Univ Joseph Fourier CNRS, IPAG, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Neichel, Benot] Gemini Observ, AURA, La Serena, Chile. [Christiaens, Valentin] Univ Liege, Dept Astrophys, B-4000 Cointe Ougree, Belgium. [Tourneboeuf, Martin] P Univ Cat olica, Ctr Astro Engn, Santiago, Chile. RP Girard, JHV (reprint author), European So Observ, Casilla 19001, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile. EM jgirard@eso.org NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9148-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8447 AR 84470L DI 10.1117/12.925660 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDA88 UT WOS:000312387300018 ER PT S AU Guyon, O Martinache, F Cady, E Belikov, R Kunjithapatham, B Wilson, D Clergeon, C Mateen, M AF Guyon, Olivier Martinache, Frantz Cady, Eric Belikov, Ruslan Kunjithapatham, Balasubramanian Wilson, Daniel Clergeon, Christophe Mateen, Mala BE Ellerbroek, BL Marchetti, E Veran, JP TI How ELTs will acquire the first spectra of rocky habitable planets SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Exoplanets; Coronagraphy; Extreme-AO ID INDUCED AMPLITUDE APODIZATION; WAVE-FRONT SENSOR; CORONAGRAPH; PERFORMANCE; PRINCIPLE; LIMITS AB ELTs will offer angular resolution around 10mas in the near-IR and unprecedented sensitivity. While direct imaging of Earth-like exoplanets around Sun-like stars will stay out of reach of ELTs, we show that habitable planets around nearby M-type main sequence stars can be directly imaged. For about 300 nearby M dwarfs, the angular separation at maximum elongation is at or beyond 1 lambda/D in the near-IR for an ELT. The planet to star contrast is 1e-7 to 1e-8, similar to what the upcoming generation of Extreme-AO systems will achieve on 8-m telescopes, and the potential planets are sufficiently bright for near-IR spectroscopy. We show that the technological solutions required to achieve this goal exist. For example, the PIAACMC coronagraph can deliver full starlight rejection, 100% throughput and sub-lambda/D IWA for the E-ELT, GMT and TMT pupils. A closely related coronagraph is part of SCExAO on Subaru. We conclude that large ground-based telescopes will acquire the first high quality spectra of habitable planets orbiting M-type stars, while future space mission(s) will later target F-G-K type stars. C1 [Guyon, Olivier; Martinache, Frantz; Clergeon, Christophe] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, 650 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Guyon, Olivier; Mateen, Mala] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cady, Eric; Kunjithapatham, Balasubramanian; Wilson, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Belikov, Ruslan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Guyon, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, 650 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM guyon@naoj.org NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9148-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8447 AR 84471X DI 10.1117/12.927181 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDA88 UT WOS:000312387300060 ER PT S AU Lawson, PR Poyneer, L Barrett, H Frazin, R Caucci, L Devaney, N Furenlid, L Gladysz, S Guyon, O Krist, J Maire, J Marois, C Mawet, D Mouillet, D Mugnier, L Pearson, I Perrin, M Pueyo, L Savransky, D AF Lawson, Peter R. Poyneer, Lisa Barrett, Harrison Frazin, Richard Caucci, Luca Devaney, Nicholas Furenlid, Lars Gladysz, Szymon Guyon, Olivier Krist, John Maire, Jerome Marois, Christian Mawet, Dimitri Mouillet, David Mugnier, Laurent Pearson, Iain Perrin, Marshall Pueyo, Laurent Savransky, Dmitry BE Ellerbroek, BL Marchetti, E Veran, JP TI On Advanced Estimation Techniques for Exoplanet Detection and Characterization Using Ground-based Coronagraphs SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Exoplanets; coronagraphs; adaptive optics; instrumentation; theory ID INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROGRAPH; HR 8799; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; IMAGE; STAR; SUBTRACTION AB The direct imaging of planets around nearby stars is exceedingly difficult. Only about 14 exoplanets have been imaged to date that have masses less than 13 times that of Jupiter. The next generation of planet-finding coronagraphs, including VLT-SPHERE, the Gemini Planet Imager, Palomar P1640, and Subaru HiCIAO have predicted contrast performance of roughly a thousand times less than would be needed to detect Earth-like planets. In this paper we review the state of the art in exoplanet imaging, most notably the method of Locally Optimized Combination of Images (LOCI), and we investigate the potential of improving the detectability of faint exoplanets through the use of advanced statistical methods based on the concepts of the ideal observer and the Hotelling observer. We propose a formal comparison of techniques using a blind data challenge with an evaluation of performance using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Localization ROC (LROC) curves. We place particular emphasis on the understanding and modeling of realistic sources of measurement noise in ground-based AO-corrected coronagraphs. The work reported in this paper is the result of interactions between the co-authors during a week-long workshop on exoplanet imaging that was held in Squaw Valley, California, in March of 2012. C1 [Lawson, Peter R.; Krist, John] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Poyneer, Lisa; Savransky, Dmitry] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Barrett, Harrison; Caucci, Luca; Furenlid, Lars; Pearson, Iain] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Frazin, Richard] Univ Michigan, Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Devaney, Nicholas] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Appl Opt Grp, Galway, Ireland. [Gladysz, Szymon] Fraunhofer Inst, D-76275 Ettlingen, Germany. [Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Maire, Jerome] Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Mawet, Dimitri] NRC, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Mouillet, David] European Southern Observ, Casilla 19001, Chile. [Mugnier, Laurent] IPAG, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Mugnier, Laurent] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Div Optique Theor & Appliquee, F-92322 Chatillon, France. [Perrin, Marshall] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Pueyo, Laurent] JHU, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Lawson, PR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Peter.R.Lawson@jpl.nasa.gov RI Frazin, Richard/J-2625-2012; Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; Mugnier, Laurent/A-7630-2012; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Mugnier, Laurent/0000-0002-8364-4957 FU National Academies Keck Futures Initiative; National Institutes of Health [2R01EB000803-21] FX This work was undertaken with support of a seed grant from the National Academies Keck Futures Initiative. Work at the University of Arizona was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health under grant no. 2R01EB000803-21. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9148-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8447 AR 844722 DI 10.1117/12.925099 PG 21 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDA88 UT WOS:000312387300065 ER PT S AU Oppenheimer, BR Beichman, C Brenner, D Burruss, R Cady, E Crepp, J Hillenbrand, L Hinkley, S Ligon, ER Lockhart, T Parry, I Pueyo, L Rice, E Roberts, LC Roberts, J Shao, M Sivaramakrishnan, A Soummer, R Vasisht, G Vescelus, F Wallace, JK Zhai, CX Zimmerman, N AF Oppenheimer, Ben R. Beichman, Charles Brenner, Douglas Burruss, Rick Cady, Eric Crepp, Justin Hillenbrand, Lynne Hinkley, Sasha Ligon, E. Robert Lockhart, Thomas Parry, Ian Pueyo, Laurent Rice, Emily Roberts, Lewis C., Jr. Roberts, Jennifer Shao, Michael Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Soummer, Remi Vasisht, Gautam Vescelus, Fred Wallace, J. Kent Zhai, Chengxing Zimmerman, Neil BE Ellerbroek, BL Marchetti, E Veran, JP TI Project 1640: the world's first ExAO coronagraphic hyperspectral imager for comparative planetary science SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE exoplanets; adaptive optics; coronagraphy; high-contrast imaging ID INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROGRAPH; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; SPECKLE SUPPRESSION; STELLAR MASS; DEBRIS DISKS; YOUNG STARS; COMPANIONS; SPECTRUM; TELESCOPES; EVOLUTION AB Project 1640, a high-contrast spectral-imaging effort involving a coordinated set of instrumentation and software, built at AMNH, JPL, Cambridge and Caltech, has been commissioned and is fully operational. This novel suite of instrumentation includes a 3388+241-actuator adaptive optics system, an optimized apodized pupil Lyot coronagraph, an integral field spectrograph, and an interferometric calibration wave front sensor. Project 1640 is the first of its kind of instrumentation, designed to image and characterize planetary systems around nearby stars, employing a variety of techniques to break the speckle-noise barrier. It is operational roughly one year before any similar project, with the goal of reaching a contrast of 10(-7) at 1 arcsecond separation. We describe the instrument, highlight recent results, and document on-sky performance at the start of a 3-year, 99-night survey at the Palomar 5-m Hale telescope. C1 [Oppenheimer, Ben R.; Brenner, Douglas; Rice, Emily] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, Cent Pk W & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Beichman, Charles; Crepp, Justin; Hillenbrand, Lynne; Hinkley, Sasha] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Burruss, Rick; Cady, Eric; Ligon, E. Robert; Lockhart, Thomas; Roberts, Lewis C., Jr.; Roberts, Jennifer; Shao, Michael; Vasisht, Gautam; Vescelus, Fred; Wallace, J. Kent; Zhai, Chengxing] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Parry, Ian] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge, England. [Pueyo, Laurent] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD USA. [Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Soummer, Remi] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zimmerman, Neil] Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Oppenheimer, BR (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, Cent Pk W & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. RI Rice, Emily/G-4446-2013; OI Rice, Emily/0000-0002-3252-5886; Roberts, Lewis/0000-0003-3892-2900; Zimmerman, Neil/0000-0001-5484-1516 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9148-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8447 AR 844720 DI 10.1117/12.926419 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDA88 UT WOS:000312387300063 ER PT S AU Roberts, JE Dekany, RG Burruss, RS Baranec, C Bouchez, A Croner, EE Guiwits, SR Hale, DDS Henning, JR Palmer, DL Troy, M Truong, TN Zolkower, J AF Roberts, Jennifer E. Dekany, Richard G. Burruss, Rick S. Baranec, Christoph Bouchez, Antonin Croner, Ernest E. Guiwits, Stephen R. Hale, David D. S. Henning, John R. Palmer, Dean L. Troy, Mitchell Truong, Tuan N. Zolkower, Jeffry BE Ellerbroek, BL Marchetti, E Veran, JP TI Results from the PALM-3000 high-order adaptive optics system SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Adaptive Optics; Palomar; PALM-3000 AB The first of a new generation of high actuator density AO systems developed for large telescopes, PALM-3000 is optimized for high-contrast exoplanet science but will support operation with natural guide stars as faint as V similar to 18. PALM-3000 began commissioning in June 2011 on the Palomar 200" telescope and has to date over 60 nights of observing. The AO system consists of two Xinetics deformable mirrors, one with 66 by 66 actuators and another with 21 by 21 actuators, a Shack-Hartman WFS with four pupil sampling modes (ranging from 64 to 8 samples across the pupil), and a full vector matrix multiply real-time system capable of running at 2KHz frame rates. We present the details of the completed system, and initial results. Operating at 2 kHz with 8.3cm pupil sampling on-sky, we have achieved a K-band Strehl ratio as high as 84% in similar to 1.0 arcsecond visible seeing. C1 [Roberts, Jennifer E.; Burruss, Rick S.; Palmer, Dean L.; Troy, Mitchell; Truong, Tuan N.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dekany, Richard G.; Baranec, Christoph; Croner, Ernest E.; Guiwits, Stephen R.; Hale, David D. S.] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observatories, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bouchez, Antonin] GMTO, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Henning, John R.] CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Palomar Mountain, CA 92060 USA. [Zolkower, Jeffry] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jennifer.e.roberts@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Science Foundation [AST- 0619922]; Air Force Office [FA955006- 1- 0343]; NASA Small Business Innovation [PALM- 3000 3388, NNG06CA21C] FX This work was also supported by National Science Foundation grant AST- 0619922, PI: Dr. R. Dekany. Support for the wavefront reconstructor computer has been provided by the Air Force Office of Sponsored Research, Award # FA955006- 1- 0343 ( DURIP FY06). Support for the PALM- 3000 3388 actuator DM was provided by a NASA Small Business Innovation Research grant # NNG06CA21C. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9148-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8447 AR 84470Y DI 10.1117/12.926477 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDA88 UT WOS:000312387300030 ER PT S AU Thomas, S Poyneer, L Savransky, D Macintosh, B Hartung, M Dillon, D Gavel, D Dunn, J Wallace, K Palmer, D de Rosa, R AF Thomas, S. Poyneer, L. Savransky, D. Macintosh, B. Hartung, M. Dillon, D. Gavel, D. Dunn, Jennifer Wallace, K. Palmer, D. de Rosa, Robert BE Ellerbroek, BL Marchetti, E Veran, JP TI Wavefront sensing and correction with the Gemini Planet Imager SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Extreme adaptive optics; Interferometry; High contrast imaging; Extra-solar planet detection AB High-contrast imaging is a growing observational technique aimed at discovering and characterizing extrasolar planets. The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is designed to achieve contrast ratios of 10(-6) - 10(-7) and requires unprecedented wavefront correction and coronagraphic control of diffraction. GPI is a facility instrument now undergoing integration and testing and is scheduled for first light on the 8-m Gemini South telescope towards the end of 2012. In this paper, we focus on the wavefront sensing and correction aspects of the instrument. To measure the wavefront, GPI combines a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a high-accuracy infrared interferometric wavefront calibration system. The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor uses 1700 subapertures to precisely sample the wavefront at 1.5 kHz and features a spatial filter to prevent aliasing. The wavefront calibration system measures the slower temporal frequency errors as well as non-common path aberrations. The wavefront correction is performed using a two-stage adaptive optics system employing a 9x9 piezoelectric deformable mirror and a 43x43 actuators MEMS deformable mirror operating in a woofer-tweeter configuration. Finally, an image sharpening technique is used to further increase the contrast of the final image. In this paper, we describe the three wavefront sensing methods and how we combine their respective information to achieve the best possible contrast. C1 [Thomas, S.; Hartung, M.] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Poyneer, L.; Savransky, D.; Palmer, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Wallace, K.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Macintosh, B.; Dunn, Jennifer] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, NRCC, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Dillon, D.; Gavel, D.] UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [de Rosa, Robert] Univ Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. RP Thomas, S (reprint author), Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI USA. EM sthomas@gemini.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 FU U.S.Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC5207NA27344]; Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada FX The GPI team would like to thank the staff of the Gemini Observatory for their collaboration on the design of our instrument. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S.Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC5207NA27344. We alsoacknowledge support from the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada. The Gemini Observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), CNPq (Brazil), and CONICET (Argentina). NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9148-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8447 AR 844714 DI 10.1117/12.926680 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDA88 UT WOS:000312387300036 ER PT S AU Truong, TN Bouchez, AH Burruss, RS Dekany, RG Guiwits, SR Roberts, JE Shelton, JC Troy, M AF Truong, Tuan N. Bouchez, Antonin H. Burruss, Rick S. Dekany, Richard G. Guiwits, Stephen R. Roberts, Jennifer E. Shelton, Jean C. Troy, Mitchell BE Ellerbroek, BL Marchetti, E Veran, JP TI Design and Implementation of the PALM-3000 Real-Time Control System SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE PALM-3000; adaptive optics; wavefront processor; matrix-vector multiplication; GeForce 8800GTX GPU AB This paper reflects, from a computational perspective, on the experience gathered in designing and implementing real-time control of the PALM-3000 adaptive optics system currently in operation at the Palomar Observatory. We review the algorithms that serve as functional requirements driving the architecture developed, and describe key design issues and solutions that contributed to the system's low compute-latency. Additionally, we describe an implementation of dense matrix-vector-multiplication for wavefront reconstruction that exceeds 95% of the maximum achievable bandwidth on NVIDIA GeForce 8800GTX GPU. C1 [Truong, Tuan N.; Burruss, Rick S.; Roberts, Jennifer E.; Shelton, Jean C.; Troy, Mitchell] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bouchez, Antonin H.] Giant Magellan Telescope, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dekany, Richard G.; Guiwits, Stephen R.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Truong, TN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU California Institute of Teclmology; National Aeronautics and Space Administratioin FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsiou Laboratory. California Institute of Technology. and was sponsored by the California Institute of Teclmology and the National Aeronautics and Space Administratioin.. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9148-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8447 AR 84472F DI 10.1117/12.927867 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDA88 UT WOS:000312387300078 ER PT S AU Wallace, JK Crawford, S Loya, F Moore, J AF Wallace, J. Kent Crawford, Sam Loya, Frank Moore, James BE Ellerbroek, BL Marchetti, E Veran, JP TI A Phase-shifting Zernike Wavefront Sensor for the Palomar P3K Adaptive Optics System SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; wavefront sensing ID CONTRAST AB A phase-shifting Zernike wavefront sensor has distinct advantages over other types of wavefront sensors. Chief among them are: 1) improved sensitivity to low-order aberrations and 2) efficient use of photons ( hence reduced sensitivity to photon noise). We are in the process of deploying a phase-shifting Zernike wavefront sensor to be used with the real-time adaptive optics system for Palomar. Here we present the current state of the Zernike wavefront sensor to be integrated into the high-order adaptive optics system at Mount Palomar's Hale Telescope. C1 [Wallace, J. Kent; Crawford, Sam; Loya, Frank; Moore, James] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wallace, JK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM James.K.Wallace@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9148-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8447 AR 84472K DI 10.1117/12.927041 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDA88 UT WOS:000312387300083 ER PT S AU Zhai, C Vasisht, G Shao, M Lockhart, T Cady, E Oppenheimer, B Burruss, R Roberts, J Beichman, C Brenner, D Crepp, J Dekany, R Hinkley, S Hillenbrand, L Ligon, ER Parry, I Pueyo, L Rice, E Roberts, LC Sivaramakrishnan, A Soummer, R Vescelus, F Wallace, K Zimmerman, N AF Zhai, C. Vasisht, G. Shao, M. Lockhart, T. Cady, E. Oppenheimer, B. Burruss, R. Roberts, J. Beichman, C. Brenner, D. Crepp, J. Dekany, R. Hinkley, S. Hillenbrand, L. Ligon, E. R. Parry, I. Pueyo, L. Rice, E. Roberts, L. C., Jr. Sivaramakrishnan, A. Soummer, R. Vescelus, F. Wallace, K. Zimmerman, N. BE Ellerbroek, BL Marchetti, E Veran, JP TI A first order wavefront estimation algorithm for P1640 calibrator SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE ID LYOT CORONAGRAPHS AB P1640 calibrator is a wavefront sensor working with the P1640 coronagraph and the Palomar 3000 actuator adaptive optics system (P3K) at the Palomar 200 inch Hale telescope. It measures the wavefront by interfering post-coronagraph light with a reference beam formed by low-pass filtering the blocked light from the coronagraph focal plane mask. The P1640 instrument has a similar architecture to the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) and its performance is currently limited by the quasi-static speckles due to non-common path wavefront errors, which comes from the non-common path for the light to arrive at the AO wavefront sensor and the coronagraph mask. By measuring the wavefront after the coronagraph mask, the non-common path wavefront error can be estimated and corrected by feeding back the error signal to the deformable mirror (DM) of the P3K AO system. Here, we present a first order wavefront estimation algorithm and an instrument calibration scheme used in experiments done recently at Palomar observatory. We calibrate the P1640 calibrator by measuring its responses to poking DM actuators with a sparse checkerboard pattern at different amplitudes. The calibration yields a complex normalization factor for wavefront estimation and establishes the registration of the DM actuators at the pupil camera of the P1640 calibrator, necessary for wavefront correction. Improvement of imaging quality after feeding back the wavefront correction to the AO system demonstrated the efficacy of the algorithm. (C) Copyright 2012. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhai, C.; Vasisht, G.; Shao, M.; Lockhart, T.; Cady, E.; Burruss, R.; Roberts, J.; Ligon, E. R.; Roberts, L. C., Jr.; Vescelus, F.; Wallace, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Oppenheimer, B.; Brenner, D.; Rice, E.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Beichman, C.; Dekany, R.; Hillenbrand, L.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Parry, I.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge, England. [Pueyo, L.; Soummer, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sivaramakrishnan, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zimmerman, N.] Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Zhai, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM chengxing.zhai@jpl.nasa.gov OI Zimmerman, Neil/0000-0001-5484-1516 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9148-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8447 AR 84476W DI 10.1117/12.927015 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDA88 UT WOS:000312387300217 ER PT S AU Podgorski, WA Caldwell, D McCracken, K Ordway, MP Cheimets, PN Korreck, K Golub, L Cirtain, J Kobayashi, K AF Podgorski, William A. Caldwell, David McCracken, Kenneth Ordway, Mark P. Cheimets, Peter N. Korreck, Kelly Golub, Leon Cirtain, Jonathan Kobayashi, Ken BE Goto, S Morawe, C Khounsary, AM TI Minimizing the mirror distortion for Subarcsecond imaging in the Hi-C EUV telescope SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components VII CY AUG 13, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optics; performance AB NASA/MSFC and SAO have developed a High Resolution EUV Solar Coronal Imaging telescope (Hi-C). The scientific objective of the mission is to determine, at higher spatial resolution than previously available, the geometric configuration and topology of the structures making up the inner corona. The Hi-C telescope launched on a rocket in early July 2012. It acts as a technology pathfinder for future satellite based missions. Key technology features of the Hi-C telescope are: A 23.9 meter focal length, allowing for 0.1 arc-second pixels Extremely high quality optics Single wavelength multi-layer coating over the entire surface of each optic Low distortion approach to mounting the primary into the telescope The low distortion approach to mounting the primary mirror into the telescope is discussed in this paper. In previous solar EUV telescopes (TRACE, AIA, IRIS) the primary mirror is first bonded into a flexured mirror cell that is then bolted into the telescope. Techniques for bonding the mirror into the mirror cell have been well developed. If done properly, these techniques produce minimal distortion in the optic. Experience has shown, however, that bolting of the cell into the telescope produces distortions, typically in the form of astigmatism. The magnitude of the astigmatism may be acceptable for lower resolution missions, but as we approach ever higher resolutions, these astigmatisms contribute significantly to the error budget. In the Hi-C mission the mirror mounting hardware was completely assembled into the telescope tube prior to bonding the mirror to the mount. This final operation was done with the telescope tube vertical and the primary mirror surface facing up. This approach minimizes the "bolt-up" distortions typically seen, thus improving resolution. C1 [Podgorski, William A.; Caldwell, David; McCracken, Kenneth; Ordway, Mark P.; Cheimets, Peter N.; Korreck, Kelly; Golub, Leon] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cirtain, Jonathan; Kobayashi, Ken] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. RP Podgorski, WA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wpodgorski@cfa.harvard.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9219-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8502 AR 85020E DI 10.1117/12.930610 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDE73 UT WOS:000312964700010 ER PT B AU Tombesi, F Cappi, M Sambruna, RM Reeves, JN Reynolds, CS Braito, V Dadina, M AF Tombesi, F. Cappi, M. Sambruna, R. M. Reeves, J. N. Reynolds, C. S. Braito, V. Dadina, M. BE Chartas, G Hamann, F Leighly, KM TI X-ray Evidence for Ultra-Fast Outflows in Local AGNs SO AGN WINDS IN CHARLESTON SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on AGN Winds in Charleston CY OCT 15-18, 2011 CL Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC HO Coll Charleston ID ABSORPTION-LINES; EMISSION; QUASAR; NARROW AB X-ray evidence for ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) has been recently reported in a number of local AGNs through the detection of blue-shifted Fe XXV/XXVI absorption lines. We present the results of a comprehensive spectral analysis of a large sample of 42 local Seyferts and 5 Broad-Line Radio Galaxies (BLRGs) observed with XMM-Newton and Suzaku. We detect UFOs in greater than or similar to 40% of the sources. Their outflow velocities are in the range similar to 0.03-0.3c, with a mean value of similar to 0.14c. The ionization is high, in the range log xi similar to 3-6 erg s(-1) cm, and also the associated column densities are large, in the interval similar to 10(22)-10(24) cm(-2). Overall, these results point to the presence of highly ionized and massive outflowing material in the innermost regions of AGNs. Their variability and location on sub-pc scales favor a direct association with accretion disk winds/outflows. This also suggests that UFOs may potentially play a significant role in the AGN cosmological feedback besides jets, and their study can provide important clues on the connection between accretion disks, winds, and jets. C1 [Tombesi, F.] NASA GSFC, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tombesi, F (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ftombesi@astro.umd.edu; cappi@iasfbo.inaf.it; jnr@astro.keele.ac.uk; dadina@iasfbo.inaf.it RI Cappi, Massimo/F-4813-2015 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-802-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 460 BP 8 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDA26 UT WOS:000312277500002 ER PT B AU Gofford, J Reeves, JN Braito, V Tombesi, F AF Gofford, Jason Reeves, James N. Braito, Valentina Tombesi, Francesco BE Chartas, G Hamann, F Leighly, KM TI The Suzaku View of Highly-ionized Outflows in AGN SO AGN WINDS IN CHARLESTON SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on AGN Winds in Charleston CY OCT 15-18, 2011 CL Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC HO Coll Charleston ID SHELL ABSORPTION-LINES; ULTRA-FAST OUTFLOWS; RADIO AB We are conducting a systematic study of highly-ionized outflows in AGN using archival Suzaku data. To date, we have analyzed 59 observations of 45 AGN using a combined energy-intensity contour plot and Monte Carlo method. We find that similar to 36% (16/45) of sources analyzed so far show largely unambiguous signatures (i.e., Monte Carlo proabilities of > 95%) of highly-ionized, high-velocity absorption troughs in their X-ray spectra. From XSTAR fitting we find that, overall, the properties of the absorbers are very similar to those found recently by Tombesi et al. (2010, 2011) with XMM-Newton for the same phenomenon. C1 [Gofford, Jason; Reeves, James N.] Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Braito, Valentina] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. [Tombesi, Francesco] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tombesi, Francesco] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tombesi, Francesco] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gofford, J (reprint author), Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. EM jag@astro.keele.ac.uk; jnr@astro.keele.ac.uk; ftombesi@astro.umd.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-802-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 460 BP 18 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDA26 UT WOS:000312277500004 ER PT B AU Denney, KD Assef, RJ Horne, K Peterson, BM Vestergaard, M AF Denney, K. D. Assef, R. J. Horne, K. Peterson, B. M. Vestergaard, M. BE Chartas, G Hamann, F Leighly, KM TI Evidence for Broad-Line Region Outflows and Their Impact on Black Hole Mass Measurements SO AGN WINDS IN CHARLESTON SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on AGN Winds in Charleston CY OCT 15-18, 2011 CL Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC HO Coll Charleston AB Recent velocity-resolved reverberation mapping results have shown indications of possible outflowing gas from the H beta emitting region of the broad-line region (BLR) in NGC 3227 (Denney et al. 2009, 2010). We show a preliminary velocity-delay map (VDM) from these data that suggests the 2D gas motions could not be fully and accurately interpreted from the 1D velocity-resolved reverberation signal. From the VDM, an outflow component to the emission remains possible but appears to be in addition to an underlying, disk-like BLR structure consistent in size with the measured reverberation lag. The black hole (BH) mass derived from this data is therefore secure from any uncertainties possibly derived from gravitationally unbound gas contributing to the emission. Additionally, we demonstrate that BLR emission from the C IV lambda 1549 broad emission line can reliably be used as a virial BH mass estimator. The presence of self-absorption, blueshifts, and asymmetries observed in C IV, and possibly connected with outflows, has raised questions in the literature regarding the reliability of using this line for mass estimates. However, our new results (Assef et al. 2011) show that C IV-based masses are in agreement with those of H beta when (1) data quality is a priority and (2) a color-correction is applied to the luminosity used to compute the mass estimates. C1 [Denney, K. D.; Vestergaard, M.] Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Juliane Manes Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Assef, R. J.] CALTECH, NASA Postdoctoral Fellow, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, MS 16953 USA. [Horne, K.] Univ St Andrews, SUPA Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY6 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Peterson, B. M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Denney, KD (reprint author), Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Juliane Manes Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. EM kellyd.denney@gmail.com; vester@dark-cosmology.dk OI Vestergaard, Marianne/0000-0001-9191-9837 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-802-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 460 BP 103 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDA26 UT WOS:000312277500024 ER PT B AU Kazanas, D Fukumura, K Behar, E Contopoulos, T AF Kazanas, D. Fukumura, K. Behar, E. Contopoulos, T. BE Chartas, G Hamann, F Leighly, KM TI X-ray Absorbers, MHD Winds, and AGN Unification SO AGN WINDS IN CHARLESTON SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on AGN Winds in Charleston CY OCT 15-18, 2011 CL Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC HO Coll Charleston ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ACCRETION DISKS; DRIVEN; OUTFLOWS AB We propose that the ensemble of AGN X-ray absorber data can be accounted for ill terms of MHD winds launched off their accretion disks. We note, in particular, that the winds that fit the absorption features of the Chandra and XMM Seyfert spectra ought to have density profiles proportional to I/r. Our models can produce 2D winds with the required density profiles and a very steep dependence in the polar angle theta; as such they can naturally serve as the "tori" required by the AGN unification. The winds and absorption spectra of our models depend on just two parameters, the dimensionless mass flux rate tit, and the disk inclination angle relative to the observer's line of sight theta. C1 [Kazanas, D.; Fukumura, K.] NASA GSFC, ASD, UMBC CRESST NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fukumura, K.] UMBC, Baltimore, MD USA. [Behar, E.] Dept Phys, Techn, Haifa, Israel. [Contopoulos, T.] Acad Athens, Soranou Efesiou 4, Athens, Greece. RP Kazanas, D (reprint author), NASA GSFC, ASD, UMBC CRESST NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Demos.Kazanas@nasa.gov; keigo.fukumura@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-802-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 460 BP 181 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDA26 UT WOS:000312277500047 ER PT J AU Yang, W Marshak, A Varnai, T Kalashnikova, OV Kostinski, AB AF Yang, W. Marshak, A. Varnai, T. Kalashnikova, O. V. Kostinski, A. B. TI CALIPSO observations of transatlantic dust: vertical stratification and effect of clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SAHARAN-MINERAL-DUST; SAMUM 2006; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOUTHERN MOROCCO; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SHAPE FACTOR AB We use CALIOP nighttime measurements of lidar backscatter, color and depolarization ratios, as well as particulate retrievals during the summer of 2007 to study transatlantic dust properties downwind of Saharan sources, and to examine the influence of nearby clouds on dust. Our analysis suggests that (1) under clear skies, while lidar backscatter and color ratio do not change much with altitude and longitude in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL), depolarization ratio increases with altitude and decreases westward in the SAL; (2) the vertical lapse rate of dust depolarization ratio, introduced here, increases within SAL as plumes move westward; (3) nearby clouds barely affect the backscatter and color ratio of dust volumes within SAL but not so below SAL. Moreover, the presence of nearby clouds tends to decrease the depolarization of dust volumes within SAL. Finally, (4) the odds of CALIOP finding dust below SAL next to clouds are about 2/3 of those far away from clouds. This feature, together with an apparent increase in depolarization ratio near clouds, indicates that particles in some dust volumes loose asphericity in the humid air near clouds, and cannot be identified by CALIPSO as dust. C1 [Yang, W.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Yang, W.; Marshak, A.; Varnai, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Varnai, T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Kalashnikova, O. V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kostinski, A. B.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Yang, W (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM weidong.yang@nasa.gov RI Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012 FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA CALIPSO project; [NSF-AGS-1119164] FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal Maring, and by the NASA CALIPSO project supervised by Charles Trepte as the technical officer. This work was supported, in part, by NSF-AGS-1119164. We also wish to give special thanks to Peter R. Colarco, Ralph A. Kahn, Robert C. Levy, Zhaoyan Liu, Yuekui Yang, Hongbin Yu, Tianle Yuan, and other scientists at NASA GSFC for their helpful suggestions and fruitful discussions. NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 23 BP 11339 EP 11354 DI 10.5194/acp-12-11339-2012 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WK UT WOS:000312665300008 ER PT J AU Sheridan, PJ Andrews, E Ogren, JA Tackett, JL Winker, DM AF Sheridan, P. J. Andrews, E. Ogren, J. A. Tackett, J. L. Winker, D. M. TI Vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties over central Illinois and comparison with surface and satellite measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; VISIBLE-LIGHT ABSORPTION; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; AIRCRAFT PROFILES; CONTINENTAL SITE; ORGANIC-CARBON AB Between June 2006 and September 2009, an instrumented light aircraft measured over 400 vertical profiles of aerosol and trace gas properties over eastern and central Illinois. The primary objectives of this program were to (1) measure the in situ aerosol properties and determine their vertical and temporal variability and (2) relate these aircraft measurements to concurrent surface and satellite measurements. The primary profile location was within 15 km of the NOAA/ESRL surface aerosol monitoring station near Bondville, Illinois. Identical instruments at the surface and on the aircraft ensured that the data from both platforms would be directly comparable and permitted a determination of how representative surface aerosol properties were of the lower column. Aircraft profiles were also conducted occasionally at two other nearby locations to increase the frequency of A-Train satellite underflights for the purpose of comparing in situ and satellite-retrieved aerosol data. Measurements of aerosol properties conducted at low relative humidity over the Bondville site compare well with the analogous surface aerosol data and do not indicate any major sampling issues or that the aerosol is radically different at the surface compared with the lowest flyby altitude of similar to 240m above ground level. Statistical analyses of the in situ vertical profile data indicate that aerosol light scattering and absorption (related to aerosol amount) decreases substantially with increasing altitude. Parameters related to the nature of the aerosol (e. g., single-scattering albedo, Angstrom exponent, etc.), however, are relatively constant throughout the mixed layer, and do not vary as much as the aerosol amount throughout the profile. While individual profiles often showed more variability, the median in situ single-scattering albedo was 0.93-0.95 for all sampled altitudes. Several parameters (e.g., submicrometer scattering fraction, hemispheric backscattering fraction, and scattering Angstrom exponent) suggest that the fraction of smaller particles in the aerosol is larger near the surface than at high altitudes. The observed dependence of scattering on size, wavelength, angular integration range, and relative humidity, together with the spectral dependence of absorption, show that the aerosol at higher altitudes is larger, less hygroscopic, and more strongly absorbing at shorter wavelengths, suggesting an increased contribution from dust or organic aerosols. The aerosol profiles show significant differences among seasons. The largest amounts of aerosol (as determined by median light extinction profile measurements) throughout most of the sampled column were observed during summer, with the lowest amounts in the winter and intermediate values in the spring and fall. The highest three profile levels (3.1, 3.7, 4.6 km), however, showed larger median extinction values in the spring, which could reflect long-range transport of dust or smoke aerosols. The aerosols in the mixed layer were darkest (i.e., lowest single-scattering albedo) in the fall, in agreement with surface measurements at Bondville and other continental sites in the US. In situ profiles of aerosol radiative forcing efficiency showed little seasonal or vertical variability. Underflights of the CALIPSO satellite show reasonable agreement in a majority of retrieved profiles between aircraft-measured extinction at 532 nm (adjusted to ambient relative humidity) and CALIPSO-retrieved extinction, and suggest that routine aircraft profiling programs can be used to better understand and validate satellite retrieval algorithms. CALIPSO tended to overestimate the aerosol extinction at this location in some boundary layer flight segments when scattered or broken clouds were present, which could be related to problems with CALIPSO cloud screening methods. The in situ aircraft-collected aerosol data suggest extinction thresholds for the likelihood of aerosol layers being detected by the CALIOP lidar. In this study, aerosol layers with light extinction (532 nm) values > 50 Mm(-1) were detected by CALIPSO similar to 95% of the time, while aerosol layers with extinction values lower than 10 Mm(-1) had a detection efficiency of < 2 %. For all collocated comparison cases, a 50% probability of detection falls at an in situ extinction level of 20-25 Mm(-1). These statistical data offer guidance as to the likelihood of CALIPSO's ability to retrieve aerosol extinction at various locations around the globe. C1 [Sheridan, P. J.; Andrews, E.; Ogren, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Andrews, E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tackett, J. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Winker, D. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Sheridan, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM patrick.sheridan@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX The authors wish to thank our pilot, Stan Unander, of the University of Illinois Institute for Aviation, for flying our profiles and being the on-site science technician, and Chuck Greenwood of The Greenwood Group for providing a safe and effective aircraft platform. We also thank Jim Wendell and Robert Albee of NOAA/ESRL for systems engineering and fabrication, and Derek Hageman of NOAA/ESRL for data acquisition and visualization software. We gratefully acknowledge funding for this project from the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 76 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 23 BP 11695 EP 11721 DI 10.5194/acp-12-11695-2012 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WK UT WOS:000312665300029 ER PT J AU Liu, X Shi, X Zhang, K Jensen, EJ Gettelman, A Barahona, D Nenes, A Lawson, P AF Liu, X. Shi, X. Zhang, K. Jensen, E. J. Gettelman, A. Barahona, D. Nenes, A. Lawson, P. TI Sensitivity studies of dust ice nuclei effect on cirrus clouds with the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; VERSION 3 CAM3; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; CLIMATE MODELS; MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; WATER-VAPOR AB In this study the effect of dust aerosol on upper tropospheric cirrus clouds through heterogeneous ice nucleation is investigated in the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5) with two ice nucleation parameterizations. Both parameterizations consider homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation and the competition between the two mechanisms in cirrus clouds, but differ significantly in the number concentration of heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN) from dust. Heterogeneous nucleation on dust aerosol reduces the occurrence frequency of homogeneous nucleation and thus the ice crystal number concentration in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) cirrus clouds compared to simulations with pure homogeneous nucleation. Global and annual mean shortwave and longwave cloud forcing are reduced by up to 2.0 +/- 0.1 W m(-2) (1 sigma uncertainty) and 2.4 +/- 0.1 W m(-2), respectively due to the presence of dust IN, with the net cloud forcing change of -0.40 +/- 0.20 W m(-2). Comparison of model simulations with in situ aircraft data obtained in NH mid-latitudes suggests that homogeneous ice nucleation may play an important role in the ice nucleation at these regions with temperatures of 205-230 K. However, simulations overestimate observed ice crystal number concentrations in the tropical tropopause regions with temperatures of 190-205 K, and overestimate the frequency of occurrence of high ice crystal number concentration (> 200 L-1) and underestimate the frequency of low ice crystal number concentration (< 30 L-1) at NH mid-latitudes. These results highlight the importance of quantifying the number concentrations and properties of heterogeneous IN (including dust aerosol) in the upper troposphere from the global perspective. C1 [Liu, X.; Shi, X.; Zhang, K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Shi, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Jensen, E. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gettelman, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Barahona, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barahona, D.] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lawson, P.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xiaohong.liu@pnnl.gov RI Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Barahona, Donifan/G-4157-2011 OI Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Atmospheric System Research (ASR) and Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) Programs; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program [WBS 802678.02.17.01.07]; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX Support for X. Liu was provided from the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Atmospheric System Research (ASR) and Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) Programs. Support for Donifan Barahona was provided by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program under WBS 802678.02.17.01.07. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 86 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 24 BP 12061 EP 12079 DI 10.5194/acp-12-12061-2012 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WR UT WOS:000312666100020 ER PT J AU Colgan, W Pfeffer, WT Rajaram, H Abdalati, W Balog, J AF Colgan, W. Pfeffer, W. T. Rajaram, H. Abdalati, W. Balog, J. TI Monte Carlo ice flow modeling projects a new stable configuration for Columbia Glacier, Alaska, c. 2020 SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; LARGE TIDEWATER GLACIER; MASS-BALANCE; HYDROLOGIC BASIS; RAPID MOTION; SHEET; 21ST-CENTURY; DYNAMICS; CAPS; USA AB Due to the abundance of observational datasets collected since the onset of its retreat (c. 1983), Columbia Glacier, Alaska, provides an exciting modeling target. We perform Monte Carlo simulations of the form and flow of Columbia Glacier, using a 1-D (depth-integrated) flowline model, over a wide range of parameter values and forcings. An ensemble filter is imposed following spin-up to ensure that only simulations that accurately reproduce observed pre-retreat glacier geometry are retained; all other simulations are discarded. The selected ensemble of simulations reasonably reproduces numerous highly transient post-retreat observed datasets. The selected ensemble mean projection suggests that Columbia Glacier will achieve a new dynamic equilibrium (i.e. "stable") ice geometry c. 2020, at which time iceberg calving rate will have returned to approximately pre-retreat values. Comparison of the observed 1957 and 2007 glacier geometries with the projected 2100 glacier geometry suggests that Columbia Glacier had already discharged similar to 82% of its projected 1957-2100 sea level rise contribution by 2007. This case study therefore highlights the difficulties associated with the future extrapolation of observed glacier mass loss rates that are dominated by iceberg calving. C1 [Colgan, W.; Abdalati, W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pfeffer, W. T.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pfeffer, W. T.; Rajaram, H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Abdalati, W.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Balog, J.] Extreme Ice Survey, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Colgan, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM william.colgan@colorado.edu RI Colgan, William/H-1570-2014 OI Colgan, William/0000-0001-6334-1660 FU NASA [NNX10AR76G, NNX12AB72G] FX We thank Matthew Kennedy for compiling the supplementary Extreme Ice Survey video. We thank Martin Luthi, Martin Truffer, Mauri Pelto and one anonymous reviewer for valuable insights that greatly strengthened this manuscript. This work was supported by NASA grants NNX10AR76G and NNX12AB72G. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2012 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1395 EP 1409 DI 10.5194/tc-6-1395-2012 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 059IV UT WOS:000312698800013 ER PT S AU Benford, DJ Fixsen, DJ Rinehart, SA Rizzo, MJ Maher, SF Barry, RK AF Benford, Dominic J. Fixsen, Dale J. Rinehart, Stephen A. Rizzo, Maxime J. Maher, Stephen F. Barry, Richard K. BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI Precision Attitude Control for the BETTII Balloon-Borne Interferometer SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Precision Pointing; Balloon-borne telescope; Infrared interferometry; Attitude determination; Attitude control ID TELESCOPE AB The Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry (BETTII) is an 8-meter baseline far-infrared interferometer to fly on a high altitude balloon. Operating at wavelengths of 30-90 microns, BETTII will obtain spatial and spectral information on science targets at angular resolutions down to less than half an arcsecond, a capability unmatched by other far-infrared facilities. This requires attitude control of the gondola at the several arcsecond level, and phase correction of the gondola attitude at a level of less than a tenth of an arcsecond, great challenges for a lightweight balloon-borne system. We have designed a precision attitude determination system to provide gondola attitude knowledge at a level of 2 milliarcseconds at rates up to 100 Hz, with accurate absolute attitude determination at the half arcsecond level at rates of up to 10 Hz. A multi-stage control system involving rigid body motion and tip-tilt-piston correction provides precision pointing stability to the level required for the far-infrared instrument to perform its spatial/spectral interferometry in an open-loop control. We present key aspects of the design of the attitude determination and control and its development status. C1 [Benford, Dominic J.; Fixsen, Dale J.; Rinehart, Stephen A.; Rizzo, Maxime J.; Maher, Stephen F.; Barry, Richard K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Benford, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Dominic.Benford@nasa.gov RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9145-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8444 AR 84442P DI 10.1117/12.927224 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDA16 UT WOS:000312276100086 ER PT S AU Karcher, HJ Wagner, J Krabbe, A Lampater, U Keilig, T Wolf, J AF Kaercher, Hans J. Wagner, Joerg Krabbe, Alfred Lampater, Ulrich Keilig, Thomas Wolf, Juergen BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI SOFIA in Operation Telescope performance during the Early Science flights SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Telescope; infrared; air-borne; astronomy; SOFIA; pointing AB The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy SOFIA started in December 2010 with the first series of science flights, and has successfully completed about 38 science missions until fall 2011. The science instruments flown included HIPO, FORCAST, GREAT and FLITECAM. Beside their scientific results (see related papers in these proceedings) the flights delivered an extensive data base which is now used for the telescope performance characterization and the operational optimization of the telescope in its unique environment. In this progress report we summarize recent achievements of the observatory as well as the status of the telescope and give an update of the SOFIA pointing system completed by intended future pointing optimization activities. C1 [Kaercher, Hans J.] MT Mechatron, Weberstr 21, D-55130 Mainz, Germany. [Wagner, Joerg; Krabbe, Alfred; Keilig, Thomas] Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, IRS, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Krabbe, Alfred] NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. [Wolf, Juergen] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Karcher, HJ (reprint author), MT Mechatron, Weberstr 21, D-55130 Mainz, Germany. RI Wagner, Joerg/B-7913-2015 OI Wagner, Joerg/0000-0002-8536-4668 FU DLR; German Aerospace Centre [50OK0901]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology; University of Stuttgart; German SOFIA- Institute (DSI) of the Universit; Universities Space Research Association (USRA); development of the German Instruments FX SOFIA, the "Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy" is a joint project of the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR; German Aerospace Centre, grant: 50OK0901) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It is funded on behalf of DLR by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology based on legislation by the German Parliament, the state of Baden-Wurttemberg , and the University of Stuttgart. Scientific operation for Germany is coordinated by the German SOFIA- Institute (DSI) of the Universitat Stuttgart, in the USA by the Universities Space Research Association (USRA). The development of the German Instruments is financed by the Max Planck Society (MPG) and the German Research Foundation (DFG).Max Planck NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9145-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8444 AR 84442R DI 10.1117/12.925416 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDA16 UT WOS:000312276100088 ER PT S AU Lachenmann, M Burgdorf, MJ Wolf, J Brewster, R AF Lachenmann, Michael Burgdorf, Martin J. Wolf, Juergen Brewster, Rick BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI A new backup secondary mirror for SOFIA SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy; SOFIA; light-weighted hyperbolic aluminium mirror; diamond turning; NANOMEFOS AB The telescope of the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is a Cassegrain design with a convex, hyperbolic secondary mirror. It is 352 m m in diameter, was made from silicon carbide and weighs only 1.9 kg. As this material is brittle, and the secondary mirror is indispensable to observations with SOFIA, a backup with the same mass and moments of inertia was made of aluminium in 2004. This mirror, however, allows diffraction-limited observations only above 20 mu m and it produces double peaked images. In this paper we discuss the requirements for a new backup secondary mirror that can be employed also at near-infrared and even visible wavelengths and describe the most important aspects of the manufacturing process. The starting point of our analysis was a high-precision measurement of the surface properties of the existing aluminium secondary mirror, using the NANOMEFOS technique, which was recently developed by TNO in Delft, the Netherlands. With the exact shape of the mirror as input for a Zemax model we could reproduce the results of actual measurements of its optical performance that had been carried out on SOFIA in 2004. Based on these findings we determined then the specifications to be fulfilled by a new backup secondary mirror in order to meet the requirements on improved optical performance. Finally, we discuss the dynamic deformation of the aluminium mirror during chopping motions. C1 [Lachenmann, Michael; Burgdorf, Martin J.; Wolf, Juergen] Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, Pfaffenwaldring 29, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Lachenmann, Michael; Burgdorf, Martin J.; Wolf, Juergen] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brewster, Rick] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Orbital Sci Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lachenmann, M (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, Pfaffenwaldring 29, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM lachenmann@dsi.uni-stuttgart.de; martin_burgdorf@hotmail.com; jwolf@sofia.usra.edu; rick.brewster@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9145-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8444 AR 84442S DI 10.1117/12.925453 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDA16 UT WOS:000312276100089 ER PT S AU Shelton, C Roberts, LC AF Shelton, Chris Roberts, Lewis C., Jr. BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI How to calibrate edge sensors on segmented mirror telescopes SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Extremely Large Telescopes; edge sensors; segmented mirrors; capacitive sensor; calibration ID ALIGNMENT AB The next generation of large ground based telescopes use segmented mirrors. Sensors mounted on the edge of the segments measure the relative heights of the segments. The segments are actively controlled in height by three actuators per segment, but lateral motion is only passively constrained. Thus there will be some small change in the gap and shear between segments as changing telescope orientation and temperature make small distortions in the telescope structure. These "in-plane" motions place an additional performance burden on the edge sensors, and on the precision with which they must be mounted relative to the optical surface. In addition, both the scaling and offset of sensor edge height readings also vary with changes in gap. Our method for correcting the in-plane motion induced errors in the primary mirror has three parts. First, the edge sensors are modified to report segment-to-segment gap, as well as the height difference, to make the in-plane segment positions observable. Second, the mirror segments are phased optically, at a set of zenith angles and temperatures, to give a set of "measured sensor readings". Finally, during observing, a calibration procedure combines these data into "desired sensor readings" which are optimal for the current telescope state. We have included this calibration process in a control loop model of the Thirty Meter Telescope primary mirror control system. We present our calibration method and the model. C1 [Shelton, Chris; Roberts, Lewis C., Jr.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shelton, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9145-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8444 AR 844460 DI 10.1117/12.926919 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDA16 UT WOS:000312276100193 ER PT S AU Temi, P Marcum, PM Miller, WE Dunham, EW McLean, IS Wolf, J Becklin, EE Bida, TA Brewster, R Casey, SC Collins, PL Horner, SD Jakob, H Jensen, SC Killebrew, JL Lampater, U Mandushev, GI Meyer, AW Pfueller, E Reinacher, A Rho, J Roellig, TL Savage, ML Smith, EC Teufel, S Wiedemann, M AF Temi, Pasquale Marcum, Pamela M. Miller, Walter E. Dunham, Edward W. McLean, Ian S. Wolf, Jurgen Becklin, Eric E. Bida, Thomas A. Brewster, Rick Casey, Sean C. Collins, Peter L. Horner, Scott D. Jakob, Holger Jensen, Stephen C. Killebrew, Jana L. Lampater, Ulrich Mandushev, Georgi I. Meyer, Allen W. Pfueller, Enrico Reinacher, Andreas Rho, Jeonghee Roellig, Thomas L. Savage, Maureen L. Smith, Erin C. Teufel, Stefan Wiedemann, Manuel BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI SOFIA Observatory Performance and Characterization SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Airborne Telescopes; Optical; Infrared; Submillimeter; SOFIA; Airborne Instrumentation AB The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) has recently concluded a set of engineering flights for Observatory performance evaluation. These in-flight opportunities have been viewed as a first comprehensive assessment of the Observatory's performance and will be used to address the development activity that is planned for 2012, as well as to identify additional Observatory upgrades. A series of 8 SOFIA Characterization And Integration flights have been conducted from June to December 2011. The HIPO science instrument in conjunction with the DSI Super Fast Diagnostic Camera (SFDC) have been used to evaluate pointing stability, including the image motion due to rigid-body and flexible-body telescope modes as well as possible aero-optical image motion. We report on recent improvements in pointing stability by using an Active Mass Damper system installed on Telescope Assembly. Measurements and characterization of the shear layer and cavity seeing, as well as image quality evaluation as a function of wavelength have been performed using the HIPO+FLITECAM Science Instrument configuration (FLIPO). A number of additional tests and measurements have targeted basic Observatory capabilities and requirements including, but not limited to, pointing accuracy, chopper evaluation and imager sensitivity. This paper reports on the data collected during these flights and presents current SOFIA Observatory performance and characterization. C1 [Temi, Pasquale; Marcum, Pamela M.; Horner, Scott D.; Roellig, Thomas L.; Smith, Erin C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Temi, P (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM pasquale.temi@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9145-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8444 AR 844414 DI 10.1117/12.925736 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDA16 UT WOS:000312276100037 ER PT S AU Watson, AM Richer, MG Bloom, JS Butler, NR Cesena, U Clark, D Colorado, E Cordova, A Farah, A Fox-Machado, L Fox, OD Garcia, B Georgiev, LN Gonzalez, JJ Guisa, G Gutierrez, L Herrera, J Klein, CR Kutyrev, AS Lazo, F Lee, WH Lopez, E Luna, E Martinez, B Murillo, F Murillo, JM Nunez, JM Prochaska, JX Ochoa, JL Quiros, F Rapchun, DA Roman-Zuniga, C Valyavin, G AF Watson, Alan M. Richer, Michael G. Bloom, Joshua S. Butler, Nathaniel R. Cesena, Urania Clark, David Colorado, Enrique Cordova, Antolin Farah, Alejandro Fox-Machado, Lester Fox, Ori D. Garcia, Benjamin Georgiev, Leonid N. Jesus Gonzalez, J. Guisa, Gerardo Gutierrez, Leonel Herrera, Joel Klein, Christopher R. Kutyrev, Alexander S. Lazo, Francisco Lee, William H. Lopez, Eduardo Luna, Esteban Martinez, Benjamin Murillo, Francisco Manuel Murillo, Jose Manuel Nunez, Juan Prochaska, J. Xavier Luis Ochoa, Jose Quiros, Fernando Rapchun, David A. Roman-Zuniga, Carlos Valyavin, Gennady BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI Automation of the OAN/SPM 1.5-meter Johnson telescope for operations with RATIR SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE automatic telescopes; telescope pointing; telescope guiding AB The Reionization And Transients Infra-Red (RATIR) camera is intended for robotic operation on the 1.5-meter Harold Johnson telescope of the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional on the Sierra de San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico. This paper describes the work we have carried out to successfully automate the telescope and prepare it for RATIR. One novelty is our use of real-time absolute astrometry from the finder telescopes to point and guide the main telescope. C1 [Watson, Alan M.; Georgiev, Leonid N.; Jesus Gonzalez, J.; Lee, William H.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apartado Postal 70-264, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Richer, Michael G.; Cesena, Urania; Clark, David; Colorado, Enrique; Cordova, Antolin; Fox-Machado, Lester; Garcia, Benjamin; Guisa, Gerardo; Gutierrez, Leonel; Herrera, Joel; Lazo, Francisco; Lopez, Eduardo; Luna, Esteban; Martinez, Benjamin; Murillo, Francisco; Manuel Murillo, Jose; Manuel Nunez, Juan; Quiros, Fernando; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos; Valyavin, Gennady] Univ Nacl Autenoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. [Bloom, Joshua S.; Klein, Christopher R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Butler, Nathaniel R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Fox, Ori D.; Kutyrev, Alexander S.; Rapchun, David A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Rapchun, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observatories Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Prochaska, J. Xavier] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Rapchun, David A.] Global Sci Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Watson, AM (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apartado Postal 70-264, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM alan@astro.unam.mx RI Gonzalez, Jose/L-6687-2014; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/F-6602-2016 OI Gonzalez, Jose/0000-0002-3724-1583; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/0000-0001-8600-4798 FU Greg Terrance and Jim Moronski of FLI for excellent technical; Instituto de Astronomea; UNAM; UNAM/ DGAPA/ PAPIIT [113810]; CONACyT [INFR- 2009- 01122785]; RATIR instrument; NASA [NNX09AH71G, NNX09AT02G, NNX10AI27G, NNX12AE66G]; NASA Postdoctoral Program ( NPP) FX We thank the staff of the OAN/ SPM for their hospitality and technical assistance during our many engineering runs. We thank Matthew Radovan for advice on lightning protection. We thank Greg Terrance and Jim Moronski of FLI for excellent technical support. The automation of the OAN/ SPM 1.5- meter Harold Johnson telescope was financed by the Instituto de Astronomea of the UNAM, by UNAM/ DGAPA/ PAPIIT project 113810, and by CONACyT project INFR- 2009- 01122785. The design and construction of the RATIR instrument was partially financed by NASA grants NNX09AH71G, NNX09AT02G, NNX10AI27G, and NNX12AE66G. ODF thanks the NASA Postdoctoral Program ( NPP) for financial support. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9145-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8444 AR 84445L DI 10.1117/12.926927 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDA16 UT WOS:000312276100178 ER PT S AU Wiedemann, M Wolf, J Roser, HP AF Wiedemann, Manuel Wolf, Juergen Roeser, Hans-Peter BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI Upgrade of the SOFIA target acquisition and tracking cameras SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy; SOFIA; CCD; Tracking Cameras; Environmental Testing AB The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) uses three CCD cameras with different optics for target acquisition and tracking. The Wide Field Imager (WFI with 68 mm optics) and the Fine Field Imager (FFI with 254 mm optics) are mounted on the telescope front ring and are therefore exposed to stratospheric conditions in flight. The Focal Plane Imager (FPI) receives the visible light from the 2.5 meter telescope and is mounted inside the pressurized aircraft cabin at ca. 20 degrees C. It is planned to replace all three imagers' CCD sensors with commercial Andor iXon cameras to significantly increase the sensitivity allowing for tracking on fainter stars. Andor cameras were temporarily mounted on the FPI flange as stand-alone systems to optically measure the telescope's pointing stability and the performance of various telescope sub-systems during engineering flights. Three DU-888 cameras will now be integrated in SOFIA's telescope system, so their image data can be used for target acquisition and tracking. To replace the WFI and FFI, the cameras will also need to be tested under stratospheric conditions, to ensure that they can be operated safely and without degradation of performance. In this paper we will report about the results of the environmental tests with the cameras, the integration of the camera in the SOFIA tracker and the current status of the upgrade project. C1 [Wiedemann, Manuel; Wolf, Juergen] Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, Pfaffenwaldring 29, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Wolf, Juergen] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Roeser, Hans-Peter] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Space Syst, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Wiedemann, M (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, Pfaffenwaldring 29, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM mwiedemann@sofia.usra.edu FU DLR; USRA; DSI; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR; German Aerospace Center) [50OK0901]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology; German Parliament the state of Baden- Wurttemberg; University of Stuttgart; Deutsches SOFIA Institut (DSI) of the University of Stuttgart; Universities Space Research Association (USRA) FX M.Wiedemann thanks DLR, USRA and DSI for financial and administrative support for his PhD position.; SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy" is a joint project of the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR; German Aerospace Center, grant: 50OK0901) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It is funded on behalf of DLR by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology based on legislation by the German Parliament the state of Baden- Wurttemberg and the University of Stuttgart. Scientific operation for Germany is coordinated by the Deutsches SOFIA Institut (DSI) of the University of Stuttgart, in the USA by the Universities Space Research Association ( USRA). NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9145-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8444 AR 84442T DI 10.1117/12.925583 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDA16 UT WOS:000312276100090 ER PT S AU Woody, D Padin, S Chauvin, E Clavel, B Cortes, G Kissil, A Lou, J Rasmussen, P Redding, D Zolkower, J AF Woody, David Padin, Steve Chauvin, Eric Clavel, Bruno Cortes, German Kissil, Andy Lou, John Rasmussen, Paul Redding, David Zolkower, Jeff BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI The CCAT 25 m diameter submillimeter-wave telescope SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Telescopes; optics; telescope structures; telescope mounts; telescope surface control ID REFLECTOR AB CCAT will be a 25 m diameter telescope operating in the 2 to 0.2 mm wavelength range. It will be located at an altitude of 5600 m on Cerro Chajnantor in Northern Chile. The telescope will be equipped with wide-field, multi-color cameras for surveys and multi-object spectrometers for spectroscopic follow up. Several innovations have been developed to meet the <0.5 arcsec pointing error and 10 mu m surface error requirements while keeping within the modest budget appropriate for radio telescopes. C1 [Woody, David; Rasmussen, Paul] CALTECH, Owens Valley Radio Observ, 100 Leighton Lane, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA. [Padin, Steve] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chauvin, Eric; Clavel, Bruno; Kissil, Andy; Lou, John] Eric Chauvin Consulting, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Redding, David] JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cortes, German; Zolkower, Jeff] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Woody, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Owens Valley Radio Observ, 100 Leighton Lane, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA. EM dwoody@caltech.edu FU Nelly Kilroy Foundation FX This work was supported by the John B. and Nelly Kilroy Foundation. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9145-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8444 AR 84442M DI 10.1117/12.925229 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDA16 UT WOS:000312276100083 ER PT S AU Young, ET Herter, TL Gusten, R Dunham, EW Becklin, EE Marcum, PM Krabbe, A Andersson, BG Reach, WT Zinnecker, H AF Young, Erick T. Herter, Terry L. Guesten, Rolf Dunham, Edward W. Becklin, Eric E. Marcum, Pamela M. Krabbe, Alfred Andersson, B-G Reach, William T. Zinnecker, Hans BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI Early science results from SOFIA SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes IV CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE SOFIA; infrared astronomy; airborne astronomy; submillimeter astronomy ID GREAT; INSTRUMENT; DISCOVERY; AMMONIA; NEBULA; ORION; STAR AB SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, is an airborne observatory with a 2.7-m telescope that is under development by NASA and the German Aerospace Center DLR. From late 2010 and through the end of 2011, SOFIA conducted a series of science demonstration flights, Early Science, using FORCAST (the Faint Object InfraRed Camera for the SOFIA Telescope), HIPO (the High-speed Imaging Photometer for Occultations), and GREAT (the German REceiver for Astronomy at Terahertz frequencies). Flying at altitudes as high as 13.7 km (45,000 ft), SOFIA operates above more than 99.8% of the water vapor in the Earth's atmosphere, opening up most of the far-infrared and sub-millimeter parts of the spectrum. During Early Science, 30 science missions were flown with results in solar system astronomy, star formation, the interstellar medium, the Galactic Center, and extragalactic studies. Many of these investigations were conducted by the first group of SOFIA General Investigators, demonstrating the operation of SOFIA as a facility for the astronomical community. This paper presents some recent highlights from Early Science. C1 [Young, Erick T.; Becklin, Eric E.; Marcum, Pamela M.; Andersson, B-G; Reach, William T.; Zinnecker, Hans] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA, MS 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Herter, Terry L.] Cornell Univ, Astron Dept, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Guesten, Rolf; Krabbe, Alfred; Zinnecker, Hans] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Bonn, Germany. Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Dunham, Edward W.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Young, ET (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA, MS 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM eyoung@sofia.usra.edu OI Andersson, B-G/0000-0001-6717-0686; Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094 FU Universities Space Research Association, Inc. under NASA [NAS2- 97001]; Deutsches SOFIA Institut ( DSI) under DLR [50 OK 0901] FX SOFIA science mission operations are conducted jointly by the Universities Space Research Association, Inc. ( USRA), under NASA contract NAS2- 97001, and the Deutsches SOFIA Institut ( DSI) under DLR contract 50 OK 0901 to the University of Stuttgart. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9145-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8444 AR 844410 DI 10.1117/12.926845 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDA16 UT WOS:000312276100033 ER PT S AU Kalapotharakos, C Harding, AK Kazanas, D Contopoulos, I AF Kalapotharakos, Constantinos Harding, Alice K. Kazanas, Demosthenes Contopoulos, Ioannis BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI Gamma-ray light curves from realistic pulsar magnetospheres SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max-Planck-Inst Nucl Phys (MPIK), Springer Verlag, ISEG, W-IE-NE-R GmbH DE pulsars: general; stars: neutron; Gamma rays: stars ID OBLIQUE ROTATORS AB We present numerical models of dissipative 3D pulsar magnetospheres which are then used to model pulsar gamma-ray light-curves (LC). Using a variety of prescriptions to relate the current density J to the fields E, B we produce families of solutions covering the entire spectrum between the vacuum retarded dipole (VRD) and the force-free solutions. These solutions provide also the distribution of electric fields, E-parallel to, parallel to the magnetic field B, which accelerate the radiating particles. Using these detailed dissipative magnetospheric models we generate model LCs following two different approaches: (a) We define realistic trajectories of radiating particles in these dissipative magnetospheres and we compute their Lorentz factor under the influence of both the electric field E-parallel to and radiation-reaction effects; with these at hand we then calculate the radiation intensity as a function of pulsar phase to produce realistic LCs. (b) We use the standard emission arrangements of slot and outer gap models in the magnetic field geometries of our dissipative magnetospheres to improve the LCs based on the VRD geometry used to date. C1 [Kalapotharakos, Constantinos] Univ Maryland Coll Pk UMDCP CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kalapotharakos, Constantinos; Harding, Alice K.; Kazanas, Demosthenes] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Contopoulos, Ioannis] Acad Athens, Res Ctr Astron, Athens, Greece. RP Kalapotharakos, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland Coll Pk UMDCP CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1123-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1505 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1063/1.4772262 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDB83 UT WOS:000312503500049 ER PT S AU Johnson, TJ Harding, AK Venter, C Grove, JE AF Johnson, T. J. Harding, A. K. Venter, C. Grove, J. E. CA Fermi LAT Collaboration Pulsar Timing Consortium BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI Modeling the Pulse Profiles of Millisecond Pulsars in the Second LAT Catalog of gamma-ray Pulsars SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max-Planck-Inst Nucl Phys (MPIK), Springer Verlag, ISEG, W-IE-NE-R GmbH DE gamma rays: observations; pulsars: millisecond ID AREA TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; RADIO AB Significant gamma-ray pulsations have been detected from similar to 40 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) using 3 years of sky-survey data from the Fermi LAT and radio timing solutions from across the globe. We have fit the radio and gamma-ray pulse profiles of these MSPs using geometric versions of slot gap and outer gap gamma-ray emission models and radio cone and core models. For MSPs with radio and gamma-ray peaks aligned in phase we also explore low-altitude slot gap gamma-ray models and caustic radio models. The best-fit parameters provide constraints on the viewing geometries and emission sites. While the exact pulsar magnetospheric geometry is unknown, we can use the increased number of known gamma-ray MSPs to look for significant trends in the population which average over these uncertainties. C1 [Johnson, T. J.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Harding, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Venter, C.] Northwest Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Grove, J. E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM tyrel.j.johnson@gmail.com FU NASA; DOE in the United States; CEA/Irfu; IN2P3/CNRS in France; ASI; INFN in Italy; MEXT; KEK; JAXA in Japan; Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden; INAF in Italy; CNES in France for science analysis; NRL [NASA DPR S-15633-Y] FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. Portions of this research performed at NRL are sponsored by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1123-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1505 BP 325 EP 328 DI 10.1063/1.4772263 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDB83 UT WOS:000312503500050 ER PT S AU Romano, P Mangano, V Ducci, L Esposito, P Farinelli, R Ceccobello, C Vercellone, S Burrows, DN Kennea, JA Krimm, HA Gehrels, N AF Romano, P. Mangano, V. Ducci, L. Esposito, P. Farinelli, R. Ceccobello, C. Vercellone, S. Burrows, D. N. Kennea, J. A. Krimm, H. A. Gehrels, N. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients with Swift: spectroscopic and temporal properties SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max-Planck-Inst Nucl Phys (MPIK), Springer Verlag, ISEG, W-IE-NE-R GmbH DE X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual: IGR J16479-4514, XTE J1739-302, IGR J17544-2619, AX J1841.0-0536 ID NEUTRON-STAR; ACCRETION; OUTBURST; BINARIES AB Supergiant fast X-ray transients (SFXTs) are a class of high-mass X-ray binaries with possible counterparts in the high energy gamma rays. The Swift SFXT Project(1) has conducted a systematic investigation of the properties of SFTXs on timescales ranging from minutes to years and in several intensity states (from bright flares, to intermediate intensity states, and down to almost quiescence). We also performed broad-band spectroscopy of outbursts, and intensity-selected spectroscopy outside of outbursts. We demonstrated that while the brightest phase of the outburst only lasts a few hours, further activity is observed at lower fluxes for a remarkably longer time, up to weeks. Furthermore, we assessed the fraction of the time these sources spend in each phase, and their duty cycle of inactivity. We present the most recent results from our investigation. The spectroscopic and, most importantly, timing properties of SFXTs we have uncovered with Swift will serve as a guide in search for the high energy emission from these enigmatic objects. C1 [Romano, P.; Mangano, V.; Vercellone, S.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Via U La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Ducci, L.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Esposito, P.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Farinelli, R.; Ceccobello, C.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. [Burrows, D. N.; Kennea, J. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Krimm, H. A.; Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Romano, P (reprint author), Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Via U La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. OI Vercellone, Stefano/0000-0003-1163-1396; Esposito, Paolo/0000-0003-4849-5092 FU [ASI- INAF I/ 009/ 10/ 0]; [I/ 004/ 11/ 0] FX We acknowledge financial contribution from the contracts ASI- INAF I/ 009/ 10/ 0 and I/ 004/ 11/ 0. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1123-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1505 BP 438 EP 441 DI 10.1063/1.4772291 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDB83 UT WOS:000312503500078 ER PT S AU Bottcher, M Baring, MG Summerlin, EJ AF Boettcher, Markus Baring, Matthew G. Summerlin, Errol J. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI Signatures of Relativistic Shock Acceleration in Blazar Emission SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max-Planck-Inst Nucl Phys (MPIK), Springer Verlag, ISEG, W-IE-NE-R GmbH DE Active and peculiar galaxies and related systems; gamma-ray sources; jets and bursts ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; OBJECTS; JETS AB Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) at relativistic shocks is very likely to be an important acceleration mechanism in various astrophysical jet sources, including radio-loud AGN and GRBs. We here summarize recent results of Monte-Carlo simulations of DSA at relativistic shocks. Results are presented for situations with various shock obliquities, including superluminal regimes. We show that the spectral index of the resulting nonthermal particle distributions and the fraction of thermal particles accelerated to non-thermal energies, depend sensitively on the particles' mean free path to pitch angle scattering, and the shock obliquity. We then investigate self-consistently the radiative (synchrotron + Compton) signatures of the resulting thermal + nonthermal particle distributions. We demonstrate that a substantial thermal pool of particles may produce a spectral feature reminiscent of the Big Blue Bump observed in the SEDs of several blazars, via the bulk Compton mechanism, highlighting results for the BL Lac object AO 0235+164. C1 [Boettcher, Markus] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Baring, Matthew G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX USA. [Summerlin, Errol J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Bottcher, M (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. FU NASA [NNX10AC79G] FX This work was supported by NASA through Astrophysics Theory Program grant NNX10AC79G. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1123-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1505 BP 622 EP 625 DI 10.1063/1.4772337 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDB83 UT WOS:000312503500124 ER PT S AU Beilicke, M Baring, MG Barthelmy, S Binns, WR Buckley, J Cowsik, R Dowkontt, P Guo, Q Haba, Y Israel, MH Kunieda, H Lee, K Martin, J Matsumoto, H Miyazawa, T Okajima, T Schnittman, J Tamura, K Tueller, J Krawczynski, H AF Beilicke, M. Baring, M. G. Barthelmy, S. Binns, W. R. Buckley, J. Cowsik, R. Dowkontt, P. Guo, Q. Haba, Y. Israel, M. H. Kunieda, H. Lee, K. Martin, J. Matsumoto, H. Miyazawa, T. Okajima, T. Schnittman, J. Tamura, K. Tueller, J. Krawczynski, H. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI The hard X-ray polarimeter X-Calibur SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max-Planck-Inst Nucl Phys (MPIK), Springer Verlag, ISEG, W-IE-NE-R GmbH DE X-rays; polarization; black hole; InFOCuS; X-Calibur ID EMISSION; CRAB AB X-ray polarimetry promises to give qualitatively new information about high-energy astrophysical sources, such as binary black hole systems, micro-quasars, active galactic nuclei, and gamma-ray bursts. We designed, built and tested a hard X-ray polarimeter, X-Calibur, to be used in the focal plane of the InFOC mu S grazing incidence hard X-ray telescope. X-Calibur combines a low-Z Compton scatterer with a CZT detector assembly to measure the polarization of 20-60keV X-rays making use of the fact that polarized photons Compton scatter preferentially perpendicular to the electric field orientation; in principal, a similar space-borne experiment could be operated in the 5-100keV regime. X-Calibur achieves a high detection efficiency of order unity. C1 [Beilicke, M.; Binns, W. R.; Buckley, J.; Cowsik, R.; Dowkontt, P.; Guo, Q.; Israel, M. H.; Lee, K.; Martin, J.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Beilicke, M.; Barthelmy, S.; Binns, W. R.; Buckley, J.; Cowsik, R.; Dowkontt, P.; Guo, Q.; Israel, M. H.; Lee, K.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. [Barthelmy, S.; Okajima, T.; Schnittman, J.; Tueller, J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Haba, Y.; Kunieda, H.; Matsumoto, H.; Miyazawa, T.; Tamura, K.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. RP Beilicke, M (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.; Beilicke, M (reprint author), Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. FU NASA [NNX12AD51G]; Council from China at Washington University [2009629064] FX We are grateful for discretionary founding from the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and for NASA funding ( grant NNX12AD51G) to build and fly the X- Calibur polarimeter. Q. Guo thanks the Chinese Scholarship Council from China for the financial support ( NO. 2009629064) during her stay at Washington University in St. Louis. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1123-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1505 BP 805 EP 808 DI 10.1063/1.4772382 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDB83 UT WOS:000312503500169 ER PT B AU Sterling, AC Moore, RL AF Sterling, Alphonse C. Moore, Ronald L. BE Sekii, T Watanabe, T Sakurai, T TI Solar Spicules near and at the Limb, Observed from Hinode SO HINODE-3: THE 3RD HINODE SCIENCE MEETING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Hinode Science Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2009 CL Tokyo, JAPAN ID BRIGHT POINTS; FLARES AB Solar spicules appear as narrow jets emanating from the chromosphere and extending into the corona. They have been observed for over a hundred years, mainly in chromospheric spectral lines such as H-alpha. Because they are at the limit of visibility of ground-based instruments, their nature has long been a puzzle. In recent years however, vast progress has been made in understanding them both theoretically and observationally, as spicule studies have undergone a revolution because of the superior resolution and time cadence of ground-based and space-based instruments. Even more rapid progress is currently underway, due to the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) instrument on the Hinode spacecraft, Here we give a synopsis of our recent findings from a movie of sharpened images from the Hinode SOT Ca II filtergraph of spicules at and near the limb in a polar coronal hole. C1 [Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, Ronald L.] NASA MSFC, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Sterling, AC (reprint author), JAXA ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-790-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 454 BP 87 EP 90 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDA28 UT WOS:000312283700018 ER PT J AU Arumugam, DD Griffin, JD Stancil, DD Ricketts, DS AF Arumugam, Darmindra D. Griffin, Joshua D. Stancil, Daniel D. Ricketts, David S. TI Error Reduction in Magnetoquasistatic Positioning Using Orthogonal Emitter Measurements SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic fields; magnetoquasistatics; radio position measurement; radio tracking ID IMAGE THEORY; ORIENTATION; TRACKING; FIELD AB Measurements of the emitted magnetoquasistatic fields generated by a vertical emitting loop and detected at the terminals of seven fixed vertical receiving loops, all located above earth, are used to solve for position and orientation of the emitter. The coupling between the mobile emitting and fixed receiving loops was measured over a 3 x 3 emitter grid spanning an 18 x 18-m(2) area and for azimuthal orientations between 0 degrees and 330 degrees at 30 degrees increments. Inverting the theoretical coupling expressions for two-dimensional position and azimuthal orientation resulted in a mean position and orientation error of 0.62 m and 2.86 degrees, respectively. Calculations including orthogonal-emitter configurations resulted in a mean position and orientation error of 0.21 m and 1.12 degrees, respectively, which represents a 66.1% and 60.8% reduction in error, respectively. C1 [Arumugam, Darmindra D.; Ricketts, David S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Griffin, Joshua D.] Disney Res Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Stancil, Daniel D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Arumugam, DD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM darmindra.d.arumugam@jpl.nasa.gov; joshdgriffin@disneyresearch.com; ddstancil@ncsu.edu; ricketts@ece.cmu.edu RI Stancil, Daniel/D-1339-2013; OI Stancil, Daniel/0000-0002-2010-1381; , Daniel/0000-0001-7741-1893 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2012 VL 11 BP 1462 EP 1465 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2229958 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 061YU UT WOS:000312887000005 ER PT S AU Karouia, F Tirumalai, MR Nelman-Gonzalez, MA Sams, CF Ott, MC Willson, RC Pierson, DL Fox, GE AF Karouia, Fathi Tirumalai, Madhan R. Nelman-Gonzalez, Mayra A. Sams, Clarence F. Ott, Mark C. Willson, Richard C. Pierson, Duane L. Fox, George E. BE Hoover, RB Levin, GV Rozanov, AY TI Long-term exposure of bacterial cells to simulated microgravity SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR ASTROBIOLOGY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XV CY AUG 14-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE microgravity; HARV; Low shear modeled microgravity; bacterial adaptation; Scanning electron microscopy ID INTERNATIONAL-SPACE-STATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI BIOFILMS; MICROBIAL CHARACTERIZATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; FLIGHT; SALMONELLA; VIRULENCE; RESPONSES; CULTURE; ABOARD AB Previous space flight experience has demonstrated that microorganisms are just as ubiquitous in space habitats as they are on Earth. Numerous incidences of biofilm formation within space habitats have been reported; some of which were identified only after damage to spacecraft structures and irritation to astronaut's skin occurred. As we increase the duration of spaceflight missions, it becomes legitimate to question the long-term effects of microgravity on bacteria. To begin this assessment, Escherichia coli K-12 strain MG1655 was grown for one thousand generations (1000G) under low shear modeled microgravity. Subsequently, growth kinetics and the presence of biofilm were assessed in the 1000G strain as compared to a strain (1G) briefly exposed to LSMMG. Overall, the analysis revealed that (i) there was no obvious difference in growth kinetics between the 1G and 1000G strains, and (ii) although biofilm formation was not seen in the 1G strain it did in fact occur as exposure time increased. The results suggest that long-term exposure to the space environment likely favors biofilm formation in many organisms. C1 [Karouia, Fathi] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Karouia, Fathi] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Tirumalai, Madhan R.; Ott, Mark C.; Pierson, Duane L.; Fox, George E.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Nelman-Gonzalez, Mayra A.] Wyle Int Sci & Engn, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sams, Clarence F.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Fox, George E.] Univ Houston, Dept Chem Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Karouia, F (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. OI R Tirumalai, Madhan/0000-0002-5999-333X NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9238-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8521 AR 85210K DI 10.1117/12.975009 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Optics GA BDC40 UT WOS:000312591700018 ER PT S AU Balsamo, E Gendreau, K Arzoumanian, Z Jalota, L Kenyon, S Fickau, D Spartana, N Hahne, D Koenecke, R Soong, Y Serlemitsos, P Okajima, T Campion, R Detweiler, L AF Balsamo, Erin Gendreau, Keith Arzoumanian, Zaven Jalota, Lalit Kenyon, Steven Fickau, David Spartana, Nicholas Hahne, Devin Koenecke, Richard Soong, Yang Serlemitsos, Peter Okajima, Takashi Campion, Robert Detweiler, Louis BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Prieto, E TI Development of full shell foil x-ray mirrors SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE-AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space-and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE NICER; XACT; X-ray optics; foil X-ray mirrors; full shell; quadrants; epoxy replicated; heat forming; X-ray astronomy AB NICER1 will use full shell aluminum foil X-ray mirrors, similar to those that are currently being developed for the optics to be used for the XACT(2) sounding rocket mission. Similar X-ray optics have been produced at Goddard Space Flight Center since the late 1970's. The mirror geometry used in the past and on some present missions consists of concentric quadrant shell mirrors(3) with a conical approximation to the Wolter 1 geometry. For XACT, we are developing the next generation of these optics. Two innovations introduced in the mirrors are complete shells with a curve is in the reflectors' profile to produce a sharper focus than a conical approximation. X-ray imagers, such as those of Suzaku, ASCA, GEMS, and Astro-H require two reflections.(4) Since XACT and NICER are using the optics as X-ray concentrators rather than full imaging optics, only one set of reflections is necessary. The largest shell in the NICER concentrator is 10cm diameter. Small diameter optics benefit from the rigidity of the full shell design. Also, the simplified support hardware reduced mass, which increases the effective area per unit mass. With 56 optics on NICER, each consisting of 24 full shell mirrors, an effective production process is needed for efficient manufacture of these mirrors. This production process is based on heritage techniques but modified for these new mirrors. This paper presents the production process of the innovative full shell optics and also results of optical and X-ray tests of the integrated optics. C1 [Balsamo, Erin; Jalota, Lalit] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Campion, Robert] Thomas Joffcrson High Sch, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. [Detweiler, Louis] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Fickau, David; Spartana, Nicholas] Mech Syst Engn Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gendreau, Keith; Arzoumanian, Zaven; Kenyon, Steven; Fickau, David; Hahne, Devin; Koenecke, Richard; Soong, Yang; Serlemitsos, Peter; Okajima, Takashi] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hahne, Devin] Bast Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Balsamo, Erin; Arzoumanian, Zaven; Jalota, Lalit; Spartana, Nicholas; Soong, Yang] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Arzoumanian, Zaven; Soong, Yang] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fickau, David; Spartana, Nicholas] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Balsamo, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM erinbalsamo@umbc.edu; keith.c.gendreau@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9151-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8450 AR 845052 DI 10.1117/12.926152 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDB07 UT WOS:000312415800159 ER PT S AU Chambers, VJ Morey, PA Zukowski, BJ Kutyrev, AS Collins, NR Rapchun, DA Memarsadeghi, N Moseley, SH Sparr, LM Blake, PN AF Chambers, Victor J. Morey, Peter A. Zukowski, Barbara J. Kutyrev, Alexander S. Collins, Nicholas R. Rapchun, David A. Memarsadeghi, Nargess Moseley, Samuel H. Sparr, Leroy M. Blake, Peter N. CA Microshutter Team BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Prieto, E TI Cryogenic Photogrammetry & Radiometry for the James Webb Space Telescope Microshutters SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE-AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space-and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE JWST; NIRSpec; spectography; microshutters; photogrammetry; image registration; field selector; optical metrology ID REGISTRATION; NIRSPEC; JWST AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) relies on several innovations to complete its five year mission. One vital technology is microshutters, the programmable field selectors that enable the Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRSpec) to perform multi-object spectroscopy. Mission success depends on acquiring spectra from large numbers of galaxies by positioning shutter slits over faint targets. Precise selection of faint targets requires field selectors that are both high in contrast and stable in position. We have developed test facilities to evaluate microshutter contrast and alignment stability at their 35K operating temperature. These facilities used a novel application of image registration algorithms to obtain non-contact, sub-micron measurements in cryogenic conditions. The cryogenic motion of the shutters was successfully characterized. Optical results also demonstrated that shutter contrast far exceeds the NIRSpec requirements. Our test program has concluded with the delivery of a flight-qualified field selection subsystem to the NIRSpec bench. C1 [Chambers, Victor J.; Memarsadeghi, Nargess; Moseley, Samuel H.; Sparr, Leroy M.; Blake, Peter N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chambers, VJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM john.chambers@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9151-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8450 AR 84501F DI 10.1117/12.924171 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDB07 UT WOS:000312415800047 ER PT S AU Fisher, CD Braun, DF Kaluzny, JV Seiffert, MD Dekany, RG Ellis, RS Smith, RM AF Fisher, Charles D. Braun, David F. Kaluzny, Joel V. Seiffert, Michael D. Dekany, Richard G. Ellis, Richard S. Smith, Roger M. BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Prieto, E TI Developments in high-density Cobra fiber positioners for the Subaru Telescope's Prime Focus Spectrometer SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE-AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space-and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Cobra; fiber positioner; PFS; piezo AB The Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) is a fiber fed multi-object spectrometer for the Subaru Telescope that will conduct a variety of targeted surveys for studies of dark energy, galaxy evolution, and galactic archaeology. The key to the instrument is a high density array of fiber positioners placed at the prime focus of the Subaru Telescope. The system, nicknamed "Cobra", will be capable of rapidly reconfiguring the array of 2394 optical fibers to the image positions of astronomical targets in the focal plane with high accuracy. The system uses 2394 individual "SCARA robot" mechanisms that are 7.7mm in diameter and use 2 piezo-electric rotary motors to individually position each of the optical fibers within its patrol region. Testing demonstrates that the Cobra positioner can be moved to within 5 mu m of an astronomical target in 6 move iterations with a success rate of 95%. The Cobra system is a key aspect of PFS that will enable its unprecedented combination of high-multiplex factor and observing efficiency on the Subaru telescope. The requirements, design, and prototyping efforts for the fiber positioner system for the PFS are described here as are the plans for modular construction, assembly, integration, functional testing, and performance validation. C1 [Fisher, Charles D.; Braun, David F.; Kaluzny, Joel V.; Seiffert, Michael D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dekany, Richard G.] Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ellis, Richard S.; Smith, Roger M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Fisher, CD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM charles.d.fisher@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; R D; Program for World- Leading Innovative R& D on Science and Technology ( FIRST) " Subaru Measurements of Images and Redshifts ( SuMIRe)", CSTP, Japan FX Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. All of the R& D funding to date has provided by JPL. Support was provided from the Funding Program for World- Leading Innovative R& D on Science and Technology ( FIRST) " Subaru Measurements of Images and Redshifts ( SuMIRe)", CSTP, Japan. The authors would like to thank the following individuals who provided support in conducting this work: Justin Vacca ( New Scale Technologies), Rob Culhane ( New Scale Technologies), Conrad Hoffman ( New Scale Technologies) and Dan Viggiano ( New Scale Technologies). NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9151-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8450 AR 845017 DI 10.1117/12.927161 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDB07 UT WOS:000312415800039 ER PT S AU Quijada, MA Rice, S Mentzell, E AF Quijada, Manuel A. Rice, Stephen Mentzell, Eric BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Prieto, E TI Enhanced MgF2 and LiF Over-coated Al Mirrors for FUV Space Astronomy SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE-AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space-and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE far-UV; coatings; reflectance; aluminum; MgF2; LiF ID REFLECTANCE; ULTRAVIOLET; COATINGS; REGION AB Astronomical observations in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectral region are some of the more challenging due to the very distant, and faint, objects that are typically searched for in cosmic origin studies such as origin of large scale structure, the formation, evolution, and age of galaxies and the origin of stellar and planetary systems. The problem is con-wounded by the very limited option of reflecting coatings to use at FUV wavelengths and the modest reflectivity offered by those coatings such as Al+MgF2 [typically 82 % at Lyman-alpha, 1216 angstrom) that are used on reflecting surfaces of FLY instrumentation. Improved reflective coatings for optics, particularly in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum, could yield dramatically more sensitive instruments and permit more instrument design freedom. This paper reports recent improvements in reflectance performance for Al+MgF2 mirrors optimized for Lyman-alpha wavelength by comparing an ambient or "cold" deposition with another where the deposition temperature for the MgF2 layer is done at elevated temperatures. We will also consider this improved procedure for the deposition of LiF over coated Al mirrors in order to realize similar reflectivity gains at even shorter wavelengths. C1 [Quijada, Manuel A.; Rice, Stephen; Mentzell, Eric] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Quijada, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Code 551,7800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM manuel.a.quijada@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9151-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8450 AR 84502H DI 10.1117/12.925579 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDB07 UT WOS:000312415800079 ER PT S AU Woody, D Redding, D AF Woody, David Redding, David BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Prieto, E TI An Imaging Displacement Sensor with Nanometer Accuracy SO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE-AND GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Technologies in Space-and Ground-Based Telescopes and Instrumentation II CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE metrology; sensors; telescope surface control AB An imaging displacement sensor (IDS) has been developed that can measure the displacement with an accuracy of 30 nm in 0.03 s with the precision improving to 1 nm for averaging times of 100 s. The IDS consists simply of a light emitting diode (LED) pinhole collimator and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera chip. The position accuracy is better than 0.05% over the few mm CCD size with deviation from linearity <140 nm. All six degrees of freedom (DoF), three translations and three angles, can be measured with the same accuracy by combining multiple IDS with different collimator beam orientations and knowing the nominal separation between the collimators and CCDs. C1 [Woody, David] CALTECH, Owens Valley Radio Observ, 100 Leighton Lane, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA. [Redding, David] JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Woody, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Owens Valley Radio Observ, 100 Leighton Lane, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA. EM dwoody@caltech.edu FU Nelly Kilroy Foundation FX This work was supported by the John B. and Nelly Kilroy Foundation. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9151-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8450 AR 84500U DI 10.1117/12.925231 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDB07 UT WOS:000312415800028 ER PT S AU Han, JW Lohn, AJ Meyyappan, M Kobayashi, NP AF Han, Jin-woo Lohn, Andrew J. Meyyappan, Meyya Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. BE Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA Islam, MS TI Contact metal effects in indium phosphide nanowire transistor SO NANOEPITAXY: MATERIALS AND DEVICES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoepitaxy - Materials and Devices IV CY AUG 15-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nanowire; transistor; contact; Schottky; InP ID INP; FABRICATION; SCHOTTKY AB We have investigated electrical properties of indium phosphide nanowire field effect transistors with four different types of metal electrodes (Cr, Ti, Au, and Pt). The nanowires with a width of 50 nm were undoped and grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Among the four types of metal electrodes, Cr/InP and Ti/InP showed ambipolar conduction, while Pt/InP and Au/InP exhibited p-type conduction. Extracted Schottky barrier heights suggest that barrier heights do not vary linearly with respect to the metal workfunction. Although the Pt/InP features the smallest barrier height, the Au/InP showed the highest drain current at a given gate bias. C1 [Han, Jin-woo; Meyyappan, Meyya] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lohn, Andrew J.; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.] Univ Calif, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lohn, Andrew J.; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz & NASA Ames Res Ctr, Nanostruct Energy Convers Technol & Res NECT, Adv Studies Labs, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Han, JW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Kobayashi, Nobuhiko/E-3834-2012 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9184-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8467 AR 84670Z DI 10.1117/12.930530 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BDE69 UT WOS:000312962700013 ER PT S AU Norris, KJ Zhang, J Fryauf, DM Rugar, A Flores, A Longson, TJ Lohn, AJ Kobayashi, NP AF Norris, Kate J. Zhang, Junce Fryauf, David M. Rugar, Alison Flores, Amanda Longson, Timothy J. Lohn, Andrew J. Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. BE Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA Islam, MS TI Indium Phosphide Nanowire Network - Growth and Characterization for Thermoelectric Conversion SO NANOEPITAXY: MATERIALS AND DEVICES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoepitaxy - Materials and Devices IV CY AUG 15-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nanowire; MOCVD; indium phosphide; network; thermoelectric; thermal conductivity ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SEEBECK COEFFICIENT; SILICON NANOWIRES; FIGURE; MERIT AB Indium phosphide (InP) nanowires were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). InP nanowires grew in the structure of three-dimensional networks in which electrical charges and heat can travel over distances much longer than the mean length of the constituent nanowires. We studied the dependence of thermoelectric properties on geometrical factors within the InP nanowire networks. The InP nanowire networks show Seebeck coefficients comparable with that of bulk InP. Rather than studying single nanowires, we chose networks of nanowires formed densely across large areas required for large scale production. We also studied the role played by intersections where multiple nanowires were fused to form the nanowire networks. Modeling based on finite-element analysis, structural analysis, and transport measurements were carried out to obtain insights of physical properties at the intersections. Understanding these physical properties of three-dimensional nanowire networks will advance the development of thermoelectric devices. C1 [Norris, Kate J.; Zhang, Junce; Fryauf, David M.; Flores, Amanda; Longson, Timothy J.; Lohn, Andrew J.; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Norris, Kate J.; Zhang, Junce; Fryauf, David M.; Flores, Amanda; Lohn, Andrew J.; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz NASA Ames Res Ctr, Adv Studies Labs, Nanostruct Energy Convers Technol & Res NECTA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rugar, Alison] Harker Sch, San Jose, CA USA. RP Norris, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Kobayashi, Nobuhiko/E-3834-2012 FU NASA SBIR NNX11CE14P; MACS facility ( Moffett Field, California) at Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California Santa Cruz; NASA Ames Research Center; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE- 0809125- 006] FX This work was supported by NASA SBIR NNX11CE14P. We would like to thank the MACS facility ( Moffett Field, California) at Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California Santa Cruz, and NASA Ames Research Center for their continuous support on analytical equipment. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE- 0809125- 006. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9184-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8467 AR 84670E DI 10.1117/12.929861 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BDE69 UT WOS:000312962700004 ER PT S AU Moision, B Erkmen, BI AF Moision, Bruce Erkmen, Baris I. BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Bounds on Parameter Estimation Precision for Optical Ranging Systems SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging X CY AUG 15-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical science; estimation theory; quantum-limited sensing; photon-counting detectors; Cramer Rao bounds AB Many errors contribute to the accuracy of a ranging system, among them calibration and estimation errors. In this paper we address the estimation error contribution of an optical ranging system. We present achievable RMS errors in estimating the phase, frequency, and intensity of a direct-detected intensity-modulated optical pulse train. For each parameter, the Cramer-Rao-Bound (CRB) is derived and the performance of the Maximum Likelihood estimator is illustrated. Approximations to the CRBs are provided, enabling an intuitive understanding of estimator behavior as a function of the signaling parameters. The results are compared to achievable RMS errors in estimating the same parameters from a sinusoidal waveform in additive white Gaussian noise. This establishes a framework for a performance comparison of radio frequency (RF) and optical science. Comparisons are made using parameters for state-of-the-art deep-space RF and optical links. Degradations to the achievable errors due to clock phase noise and detector jitter are illustrated. C1 [Moision, Bruce; Erkmen, Baris I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Moision, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bmoision@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9235-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8518 AR 85180S DI 10.1117/12.930096 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDD78 UT WOS:000312871000018 ER PT S AU deRada, S Ladner, S Arnone, RA AF deRada, Sergio Ladner, Sherwin Arnone, Robert A. BE Bostater, CR Mertikas, SP Neyt, X Nichol, C Cowley, DC Bruyant, JP TI Coupling ocean models and satellite derived optical fields to estimate LIDAR penetration and detection performance SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEAN, SEA ICE, COASTAL WATERS, AND LARGE WATER REGIONS 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters and Large Water Regions CY SEP 26-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE LIDAR; Attenuation Length; Optical Depth; Penetration Depth; Mixed Layer; Gulf of Mexico ID ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT AB A global-scale climatological assessment of the temporal and spatial relationships between physical and optical ocean layers was previously performed to determine LIDAR efficiency for measuring the 3D Ocean. That effort provided estimates of laser sensor penetration depth (PD) in the global oceans and identified critical coupling between Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) and Optical Depth (OD) based on potential laser power and ensuing attenuation. We make use of a Bio-Physical ocean model configured for the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) along with remotely sensed satellite measurements to examine LIDAR performance in the Gulf of Mexico coastal regions. The 4Km GOM ocean model runs in near-real-time and produces physical and bio-optical fields which are coupled to in-house derived satellite bio-optical products such as the Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient at 490 nm (Kd(490)). PD and MLD are coupled to determine laser power efficiency rates across multiple attenuation lengths. The results illustrate the potential utilization of space-borne oceanographic LIDAR to penetrate through the water column, elucidating its applicability for a variety of scientific (characterization of the ocean subsurface layers) and applied (target detection) objectives. C1 [deRada, Sergio; Ladner, Sherwin] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Arnone, Robert A.] Univ Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP deRada, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM derada@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9272-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8532 AR 85320T DI 10.1117/12.2007323 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD80 UT WOS:000312874500026 ER PT S AU Dupont, F Tanguay, F Li, MY Perron, G Miller, CE Dinardo, SJ Kurosu, TP AF Dupont, Fabien Tanguay, Francois Li, Manyuan Perron, Gaetan Miller, Charles E. Dinardo, Steven J. Kurosu, Thomas P. BE Bostater, CR Mertikas, SP Neyt, X Nichol, C Cowley, DC Bruyant, JP TI CARVE-FTS Observations of Arctic CO2 , CH4 and CO - Overview of the Instrument SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEAN, SEA ICE, COASTAL WATERS, AND LARGE WATER REGIONS 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters and Large Water Regions CY SEP 26-27, 2012 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, SELEX GALILEO, THALES DE FTIR; Spectrometer; CO2 retrieval; methane retrieval; Fourier Transform Spectrometer AB CARVE-FTS is a near-IR Fourier-Transform Spectrometer (FTS) used by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE). CARVE is a 5-year mission of intensive aircraft campaigns in the Alaskan Arctic selected as part of NASA's Earth Ventures program (EV-1). The CARVE-FTS has been designed, manufactured and tested by ABB Inc. The objective of this instrument is to provide integrated column measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO). The system is inspired from the TSUKUBA-FTS built by ABB for the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). JAXA uses the instrument for preparation, calibration and validation within the GOSAT program. The instrument is a Michelson based FTS with three spectral bands. The light modulator is a Michelson single pass type interferometer with large aperture and medium spectral resolution. It provides infrared spectra from 12,900 cm(-1) to 13,200 cm(-1), from 5,800 cm(-1) to 6,400 cm(-1), and from 4,200 cm(-1) to 4,900 cm(-1). This instrument is also able to measure the scene radiance with S and P polarization simultaneously using monopixel detectors. The instrument is mounted on a damping platform and is installed in an aircraft. It delivers continuous data for flight campaigns over the Alaskan Arctic. SNR higher than 100 is reached for each band and the measured ILS full width at half maximum is as low as 0.26 cm(-1) at 6,566 cm(-1). We present the instrument design, its specification and test results obtained at ABB. C1 [Dupont, Fabien; Tanguay, Francois; Li, Manyuan; Perron, Gaetan] ABB, Remote Sensing Grp, 585 Blvd Charest E,Suite 300, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9H4, Canada. [Miller, Charles E.; Dinardo, Steven J.; Kurosu, Thomas P.] CARVE, Jet Prop Lab, Earth Atmospheric Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Dupont, F (reprint author), ABB, Remote Sensing Grp, 585 Blvd Charest E,Suite 300, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9H4, Canada. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9272-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8532 AR 853204 DI 10.1117/12.979826 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDD80 UT WOS:000312874500004 ER PT S AU Rizzo, JR Bustos, MG Kuiper, TBH Cernicharo, J Sotuela, I Pedreira, A AF Rizzo, J. R. Bustos, M. Gutierrez Kuiper, T. B. H. Cernicharo, J. Sotuela, I. Pedreira, A. BE Radziwill, NM Chiozzi, G TI SDAI: a key piece of software to manage the new wideband backend at Robledo SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy II CY JUL 01-04, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Radio astronomy; spectroscopy; Python; PyQt4; Synchronization; Signal processing; Fast Fourier Transform AB A joint collaborative project was recently developed to provide the Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex with a state-of-the-art wideband backend. This new backend provides from 100MHz to 6 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth, and spectral resolutions from 6 to 200 kHz. The backend includes a new intermediate-frequency processor, as well as a FPGA-based FFT spectrometer, which manage thousands of spectroscopic channels in real time. All these equipment need to be controlled and operated by a common software, which has to synchronize activities among affected devices, and also with the observing program. The final output should be a calibrated spectrum, readable by standard radio astronomical tools for further processing. The developed software at this end is named "Spectroscopic Data Acquisition Interface" (SDAI). SDAI is written in python 2.5, using PyQt4 for the User Interface. By an ethernet socket connection, SDAI receives astronomical information (source, frequencies, Doppler correction, etc.) and the antenna status from the observing program. Then it synchronizes the observations at the required frequency by tuning the synthesizers through their USB ports; finally SDAI controls the FFT spectrometers through UDP commands sent by sockets. Data are transmitted from the FFT spectrometers by TCP sockets, and written as standard FITS files. In this paper we describe the modules built, depict a typical observing session, and show some astronomical results using SDAI. C1 [Rizzo, J. R.; Bustos, M. Gutierrez; Cernicharo, J.] Ctr Astrobiol INTA CSIC, Madrid, Spain. [Kuiper, T. B. H.] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sotuela, I.] Madrid Deep Space Commun Complex, Madrid, Spain. [Pedreira, A.] Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain. RP Rizzo, JR (reprint author), Ctr Astrobiol INTA CSIC, Madrid, Spain. EM ricardo@cab.inta-csic.es RI Rizzo, J. Ricardo/N-5879-2014 OI Rizzo, J. Ricardo/0000-0002-8443-6631 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9152-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8451 AR 84512D DI 10.1117/12.926498 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BDD99 UT WOS:000312888700078 ER PT S AU Gendreau, K Arzoumanian, Z Asami, F Baker, R Balsamo, E Black, K Duran-Aviles, C Enoto, T Gregory, K Hahne, D Hayato, A Hill, J Huegel, F Iwahashi, T Iwakiri, W Jahoda, K Jalota, L Kaaret, P Kaneko, K Kenyon, S Kitaguchi, T Koenecke, R Kohmura, T Okajima, T Olsen, L Porter, FS Rush, K Serlemitsos, P Soong, Y Takeuchi, Y Tamagawa, T Yamada, S Yoshikawa, A AF Gendreau, Keith Arzoumanian, Zaven Asami, Fumi Baker, Robert Balsamo, Erin Black, Kevin Duran-Aviles, Carlos Enoto, Teruaki Gregory, Kyle Hahne, Devin Hayato, Asami Hill, Joe Huegel, Fred Iwahashi, Takanori Iwakiri, Wataru Jahoda, Keith Jalota, Lalit Kaaret, Philip Kaneko, Kenta Kenyon, Steven Kitaguchi, Takao Koenecke, Richard Kohmura, Takayoshi Okajima, Takashi Olsen, Larry Porter, F. Scott Rush, Kurt Serlemitsos, Peter Soong, Yang Takeuchi, Yoko Tamagawa, Toru Yamada, Shin'ya Yoshikawa, Akifumi BE Takahashi, T Murray, SS DenHerder, JWA TI The x-ray advanced concepts testbed (XACT) sounding rocket payload SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Astrophysics; polarization; sounding rocket; X-ray ID CRAB-NEBULA; POLARIZATION; PULSAR AB The scientific objective of the X-ray Advanced Concepts Testbed (XACT) is to measure the X-ray polarization properties of the Crab Nebula, the Crab pulsar, and the accreting binary Her X-1. Polarimetry is a powerful tool for astrophysical investigation that has yet to be exploited in the X-ray band, where it promises unique insights into neutron stars, black holes, and other extreme-physics environments. With powerful new enabling technologies, XACT will demonstrate X-ray polarimetry as a practical and flight-ready astronomical technique. Additional technologies that XACT will bring to flight readiness will also provide new X-ray optics and calibration capabilities for NASA missions that pursue space-based X-ray spectroscopy, timing, and photometry. C1 [Gendreau, Keith; Arzoumanian, Zaven; Baker, Robert; Balsamo, Erin; Black, Kevin; Duran-Aviles, Carlos; Gregory, Kyle; Hahne, Devin; Hayato, Asami; Hill, Joe; Huegel, Fred; Jahoda, Keith; Jalota, Lalit; Kenyon, Steven; Koenecke, Richard; Okajima, Takashi; Olsen, Larry; Porter, F. Scott; Rush, Kurt; Serlemitsos, Peter; Soong, Yang] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Gendreau, K (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM keith.c.gendreau@nasa.gov RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9144-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8443 AR 84434V DI 10.1117/12.926418 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA92 UT WOS:000312391600139 ER PT S AU Gendreau, KC Arzoumanian, Z Okajima, T AF Gendreau, Keith C. Arzoumanian, Zaven Okajima, Takashi CA NICER Team BE Takahashi, T Murray, SS DenHerder, JWA TI The Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER): an Explorer mission of opportunity for soft x-ray timing spectroscopy SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE astrophysics; International Space Station (ISS); neutron stars; timing; X-ray ID MILLISECOND PULSARS AB The Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER) is a proposed NASA Explorer Mission of Opportunity dedicated to the study of the extraordinary gravitational, electromagnetic, and nuclear-physics environments embodied by neutron stars. NICER will explore the exotic states of matter within neutron stars, where density and pressure are higher than in atomic nuclei, confronting theory with unique observational constraints. NICER will enable rotation-resolved spectroscopy of the thermal and non-thermal emissions of neutron stars in the soft (0.2-12 keV) X-ray band with unprecedented sensitivity, probing interior structure, the origins of dynamic phenomena, and the mechanisms that underlie the most powerful cosmic particle accelerators known. NICER will achieve these goals by deploying, following launch in December 2016, an X-ray timing and spectroscopy instrument as an attached payload aboard the International Space Station (ISS). A robust design compatible with the ISS visibility, vibration, and contamination environments allows NICER to exploit established infrastructure with low risk. Grazing-incidence optics coupled with silicon drift detectors, actively pointed for a full hemisphere of sky coverage, will provide photon-counting spectroscopy and timing registered to GPS time and position, with high throughput and relatively low background. In addition to advancing a vital multi-wavelength approach to neutron star studies through coordination with radio and gamma-ray observations, NICER will provide a rapid-response capability for targeting of transients, continuity in X-ray timing astrophysics investigations post-RXTE through a proposed Guest Observer program, and new discovery space in soft X-ray timing science. C1 [Gendreau, Keith C.; Arzoumanian, Zaven; Okajima, Takashi] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Gendreau, KC (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. NR 8 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9144-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8443 AR 844313 DI 10.1117/12.926396 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA92 UT WOS:000312391600031 ER PT S AU Gubarev, M Ramsey, B O'Dell, SL Elsner, R Kilaru, K McCracken, J Pavlinsky, M Tkachenko, A Lapshov, I AF Gubarev, M. Ramsey, B. O'Dell, S. L. Elsner, R. Kilaru, K. McCracken, J. Pavlinsky, M. Tkachenko, A. Lapshov, I. BE Takahashi, T Murray, SS DenHerder, JWA TI The Marshall Space Flight Center Development of Mirror Modules for the ART-XC Instrument aboard the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma Mission SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE ID OPTICS AB The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is developing x-ray mirror modules for the ART-XC instrument on board the Spectrum-Roentgen Gamma Mission under a Reimbursable Agreement between NASA and the Russian Space Research Institute (IKI.) ART-XC will consist of seven co-aligned x-ray mirror modules with seven corresponding CdTe focal plane detectors. Currently, four of the modules are being fabricated by the Marshall Space Flight Center ( MSFC.) Each MSFC module consist of 28 nested Ni/Co thin shells giving an effective area of 65 cm(2) at 8 keV, response out to 30 keV, and an angular resolution of 45 arcsec or better HPD. Delivery of these modules to the IKI is scheduled for summer 2013. We present a status of the ART x-ray modules development at the MSFC. C1 [Gubarev, M.; Ramsey, B.; O'Dell, S. L.; Elsner, R.; Kilaru, K.; McCracken, J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Gubarev, M (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Mikhail.V.Gubarev@nasa.gov OI O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9144-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8443 AR 84431U DI 10.1117/12.926207 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA92 UT WOS:000312391600051 ER PT S AU Hill, JE Baker, RG Black, JK Browne, MJ Baumgartner, WH Caldwell, EM Cantwell, JD Davies, A Desai, AB Dickens, PL Dobson, NK Foxwell, RL Francomacaro, AS Gall, D Gregory, KJ Griffiths, S Hayato, A Hampshire, RO Hwang, T Jhabvala, MD Jahoda, K Kaaret, P Lehtonen, SJ Martin, NF Mohammed, JS de Garcia, KM Morell, A Nolan, DS Russell, RE Sampson, MA Sanders, JA Simms, K Singer, MJ Swank, JH Tamagawa, T Weaver, A Yerushalmi, SN Xu, JJ AF Hill, J. E. Baker, R. G. Black, J. K. Browne, M. J. Baumgartner, W. H. Caldwell, E. M. Cantwell, J. D. Davies, A. Desai, A. B. Dickens, P. L. Dobson, N. K. Foxwell, R. L. Francomacaro, A. S. Gall, D. Gregory, K. J. Griffiths, S. Hayato, A. Hampshire, R. O. Hwang, T. Jhabvala, M. D. Jahoda, K. Kaaret, P. Lehtonen, S. J. Martin, N. F. Mohammed, J. S. de Garcia, K. Montt Morell, A. Nolan, D. S. Russell, R. E. Sampson, M. A. Sanders, J. A. Simms, K. Singer, M. J. Swank, J. H. Tamagawa, T. Weaver, A. Yerushalmi, S. N. Xu, J. J. BE Takahashi, T Murray, SS DenHerder, JWA TI The Design and Qualification of the GEMS X-ray Polarimeters SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE X-ray Polarization; Time-projection Chamber Polarimeter; Di-methyl Ether; Gravity and Extreme Magnetism SMEX; GEMS; Gas Electron Multiplier ID LASER ETCHING TECHNIQUE AB The Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer (GEMS) will realize its scientific objectives through high sensitivity linear X-ray polarization measurements in the 2-10 keV band. The GEMS X-ray polarimeters, based on the photoelectric effect, provide a strong polarization response with high quantum efficiency over a broad band-pass by a novel implementation of the time projection chamber (TPC). This paper will discuss the basic principles of the TPC polarimeter and describe the details of the mechanical and electrical design of the GEMS flight polarimeter. We will present performance measurements from two GEMS engineering test units in response to polarized and unpolarized X-rays and before and after thermal and vibration tests performed to demonstrate that the design is at a technology readiness level 6 (TRL-6). C1 [Hill, J. E.; Baker, R. G.; Black, J. K.; Browne, M. J.; Baumgartner, W. H.; Caldwell, E. M.; Cantwell, J. D.; Davies, A.; Desai, A. B.; Dickens, P. L.; Dobson, N. K.; Foxwell, R. L.; Gregory, K. J.; Hayato, A.; Hampshire, R. O.; Hwang, T.; Jhabvala, M. D.; Jahoda, K.; Martin, N. F.; Mohammed, J. S.; de Garcia, K. Montt; Morell, A.; Nolan, D. S.; Russell, R. E.; Sampson, M. A.; Sanders, J. A.; Simms, K.; Singer, M. J.; Swank, J. H.; Weaver, A.; Yerushalmi, S. N.; Xu, J. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hill, JE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9144-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8443 AR 84431Q DI 10.1117/12.928435 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA92 UT WOS:000312391600047 ER PT S AU Hunter, SD Bloser, PF Dion, MP DeNolfo, GA Legere, J McConnell, ML Nowicki, SF Ryan, JM Son, S Stecker, FW AF Hunter, Stanley D. Bloser, Peter F. Dion, Michael P. DeNolfo, Georga A. Legere, Jason McConnell, Mark L. Nowicki, Suzanne F. Ryan, James M. Son, Seunghee Stecker, Floyd W. BE Takahashi, T Murray, SS DenHerder, JWA TI Development of a telescope for medium-energy gamma-ray astronomy SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Gamma ray; telescope; pair production; polarimeter; time projection chamber ID DARK-MATTER ANNIHILATION; LONGITUDINAL DIFFUSION; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; MIXTURES; EMISSION; PULSAR AB The Advanced Energetic Pair Telescope (AdEPT) is being developed at GSFC as a future NASA MIDEX mission to explore the medium-energy (5-200 MeV) gamma-ray range. The enabling technology for AdEPT is the Three-Dimensional Track Imager (3-DTI), a gaseous time projection chamber. The high spatial resolution 3-D electron tracking of 3-DTI enables AdEPT to achieve high angular resolution gamma-ray imaging via pair production and triplet production (pair production on electrons) in the medium-energy range. The low density and high spatial resolution of 3-DTI allows the electron positron track directions to be measured before they are dominated by Coulomb scattering. Further, the significant reduction of Coulomb scattering allows AdEPT to be the first medium-energy gamma-ray telescope to have high gamma-ray polarization sensitivity. We review the science goals that can be addressed with a medium-energy pair telescope, how these goals drive the telescope design, and the realization of this design with AdEPT. The AdEPT telescope for a future MIDEX mission is envisioned as a 8 m(3) active volume filled with argon at 2 atm. The design and performance of the 3-DTI detectors for the AdEPT telescope are described as well as the outstanding instrument challenges that need to be met for the AdEPT mission. C1 [Hunter, Stanley D.; Dion, Michael P.; DeNolfo, Georga A.; Nowicki, Suzanne F.; Son, Seunghee; Stecker, Floyd W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hunter, SD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM stanley.d.hunter@nasa.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9144-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8443 AR 84430F DI 10.1117/12.925216 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA92 UT WOS:000312391600012 ER PT S AU Nowicki, SF Hunter, SD Bodnarik, JG Dion, MP Parsons, AM Schweitzer, J Son, S AF Nowicki, Suzanne F. Hunter, Stanley D. Bodnarik, Julia G. Dion, Michael P. Parsons, Ann M. Schweitzer, Jeffrey Son, Seunghee BE Takahashi, T Murray, SS DenHerder, JWA TI Development of a Quasi-monoenergetic 6 MeV Gamma Facility SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Gamma ray; gamma-ray source; monoenergetic AB The Advanced Energetic Pair Telescope (AdEPT) will explore the universe in the medium-energy range from about 5 MeV to greater than 200 MeV via gamma-ray pair production. AdEPT will provide high angular resolution observations and for the first time high polarization sensitivity over this essentially unexplored energy range. The NASA/GSFC quasi-monoenergetic 6 MeV Gamma Facility was built to characterize detector's response of planetary science and astrophysics instrumentation to be done in house. It will provide the ability to study pair production imaging of the AdEPT pair telescope at the difficult low end of its energy range. There is no natural radioactive isotope that provides a gamma ray with energy above the 2.614 MeV line of Th-228. The quasi-monoenergetic 6 MeV gamma-ray source provides a calibration point at significantly higher energy and is thus necessary to the design and testing of astrophysics and planetary neutron/gamma-ray instruments. This paper presents the mechanical design of the facility and the measured activity of the source. C1 [Nowicki, Suzanne F.; Hunter, Stanley D.; Bodnarik, Julia G.; Dion, Michael P.; Parsons, Ann M.; Son, Seunghee] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nowicki, SF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM suzanne.f.nowicki@nasa.gov OI Dion, Michael/0000-0002-3030-0050 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9144-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8443 AR 844337 DI 10.1117/12.925473 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA92 UT WOS:000312391600090 ER PT S AU Okajima, T Serlemitsos, PJ Soong, Y Hahne, DJ AF Okajima, Takashi Serlemitsos, Peter J. Soong, Yang Hahne, Devin J. CA SXT Team BE Takahashi, T Murray, SS DenHerder, JWA TI First Measurement of the ASTRO-H Soft X-ray Telescope Performance SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Soft X-rays; X-ray mirror; ASTRO-H; X-ray Telescope; X-ray Optic ID MIRRORS AB ASTRO-H is a Japanese X-ray astrophysics satellite under the development led by Japan and US. It will have two Soft X-ray Telescopes (SXTs), among other instruments, that are being developed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. One is for an X-ray micro-calorimeter instrument and the other for an X-ray CCD camera, both covering the X-ray energy band below 15 keV. The SXT Engineering Model (EM) quadrant was successfully completed and has shown big improvements in the X-ray performance from Suzaku owing to number of changes made. The EM was tested at the Goddard 100-m X-ray beamline (diverging beam) and the ISAS/JAXA beamline (pencil beam scan). The angular resolution was found to be 1.1 arcmin at Goddard, while 1.27 arcmin at ISAS, and the effective area was 157 and 122 cm(2) at 1 and 6 keV, respectively. The discrepancy in the angular resolution can be explained by the difference of the measurement method, i.e. the diverging beam vs. the pencil beam scan. The development of the first Flight Model (FM) is underway. The first three quadrants are completed so far and show about 1 arcmin (HPD) angular resolution. We expect that the first FM SXT will have about 1 arcmin resolution, which will be completed in September, 2012. C1 [Okajima, Takashi; Serlemitsos, Peter J.; Soong, Yang; Hahne, Devin J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Okajima, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Takashi.Okajima@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9144-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8443 AR 844320 DI 10.1117/12.926443 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA92 UT WOS:000312391600055 ER PT S AU Petre, R Bregman, J Bautz, M Burrows, D Cash, W Jones-Forman, C Murray, S Plucinsky, P Ramsey, B Remillard, R Wilson-Hodge, C Ptak, A Bookbinder, J Garcia, M Smith, R Daelemans, G AF Petre, R. Bregman, J. Bautz, M. Burrows, D. Cash, W. Jones-Forman, C. Murray, S. Plucinsky, P. Ramsey, B. Remillard, R. Wilson-Hodge, C. Ptak, A. Bookbinder, J. Garcia, M. Smith, R. Daelemans, G. BE Takahashi, T Murray, SS DenHerder, JWA TI The NASA X-ray Mission Concepts Study SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE X-ray astronomy; mission studies; International X-ray Observatory AB The 2010 Astrophysics Decadal Survey recommended a significant technology development program towards realizing the scientific goals of the International X-ray Observatory (IXO). NASA has undertaken an X-ray mission concepts study to determine alternative approaches to accomplishing IXO's high ranking scientific objectives over the next decade given the budget realities, which make a flagship mission challenging to implement. The goal of the study is to determine the degree to which missions in various cost ranges from $300M to $2B could fulfill these objectives. The study process involved several steps. NASA released a Request for Information in October 2011, seeking mission concepts and enabling technology ideas from the community. The responses included a total of 14 mission concepts and 13 enabling technologies. NASA also solicited membership for and selected a Community Science Team (CST) to guide the process. A workshop was held in December 2011 in which the mission concepts and technology were presented and discussed. Based on the RFI responses and the workshop, the CST then chose a small group of notional mission concepts, representing a range of cost points, for further study. These notional missions concepts were developed through mission design laboratory activities in early 2012. The results of all these activities were captured in the final Xray mission concepts study report, submitted to NASA in July 2012. In this presentation, we summarize the outcome of the study. We discuss background, methodology, the notional missions, and the conclusions of the study report. C1 [Petre, R.; Ptak, A.; Daelemans, G.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Petre, R (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM robert.petre-1@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9144-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8443 AR 84431I DI 10.1117/12.926212 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA92 UT WOS:000312391600041 ER PT S AU Shih, AY Lin, RP Hurford, GJ Duncan, NA Saint-Hilaire, P Bain, HM Boggs, SE Zoglauer, AC Smith, DM Tajima, H Amman, MS Takahashi, T AF Shih, Albert Y. Lin, Robert P. Hurford, Gordon J. Duncan, Nicole A. Saint-Hilaire, Pascal Bain, Hazel M. Boggs, Steven E. Zoglauer, Andreas C. Smith, David M. Tajima, Hiroyasu Amman, Mark S. Takahashi, Tadayuki BE Takahashi, T Murray, SS DenHerder, JWA TI The Gamma-Ray Imager/Polarimeter for Solar flares (GRIPS) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE solar flares; particle acceleration; balloon instrument; high-resolution gamma-ray imaging; high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy; gamma-ray polarimetry; germanium detectors ID RHESSI OBSERVATIONS; BLOCKING CONTACTS; POLARIMETRY; DETECTOR; ACCELERATION; PERFORMANCE; ASTRONOMY; ELECTRONS AB The balloon-borne Gamma-Ray Imager/Polarimeter for Solar flares (GRIPS) instrument will provide a near-optimal combination of high-resolution imaging, spectroscopy, and polarimetry of solar-flare gamma-ray/hard X-ray emissions from similar to 20 keV to >similar to 10 MeV. GRIPS will address questions raised by recent solar flare observations regarding particle acceleration and energy release, such as: What causes the spatial separation between energetic electrons producing hard X-rays and energetic ions producing gamma-ray lines? How anisotropic are the relativistic electrons, and why can they dominate in the corona? How do the compositions of accelerated and ambient material vary with space and time, and why? The spectrometer/polarimeter consists of sixteen 3D position-sensitive germanium detectors (3D-GeDs), where each energy deposition is individually recorded with an energy resolution of a few keV FWHM and a spatial resolution of <0.1 mm(3). Imaging is accomplished by a single multi-pitch rotating modulator (MPRM), a 2.5-cm thick tungsten-alloy slit/slat grid with pitches that range quasi-continuously from 1 to 13 mm. The MPRM is situated 8 meters from the spectrometer to provide excellent image quality and unparalleled angular resolution at gamma-ray energies (12.5 arcsec FWHM), sufficient to separate 2.2 MeV footpoint sources for almost all flares. Polarimetry is accomplished by analyzing the anisotropy of reconstructed Compton scattering in the 3D-GeDs (i.e., as an active scatterer), with an estimated minimum detectable polarization of a few percent at 150-650 keV in an X-class flare. GRIPS is scheduled for a continental-US engineering test flight in fall 2013, followed by long or ultra-long duration balloon flights in Antarctica. C1 [Shih, Albert Y.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Shih, AY (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM albert.y.shih@nasa.gov RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015 OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9144-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8443 AR 84434H DI 10.1117/12.926450 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA92 UT WOS:000312391600127 ER PT S AU Weisskopf, MC AF Weisskopf, Martin C. BE Takahashi, T Murray, SS DenHerder, JWA TI The Chandra X-Ray Observatory: Progress Report and Highlights SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Chandra X-Ray Observatory; X-Ray astronomy; Astrophysics ID MASS-LOSS RATE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; NEUTRON-STAR; SHOCKS; CASSIOPEIA; PROJECT AB Over the past 13 years, the Chandra X-ray Observatory's ability to provide high resolution X-ray images and spectra have established it as one of the most versatile and powerful tools for astrophysical research in the 21st century. Chandra explores the hot, x-ray-emitting regions of the universe, observing sources with fluxes spanning more than 10 orders of magnitude, from the X-ray brightest, Sco X-1, to the faintest sources in the Chandra Deep Field South survey. Thanks to its continuing operational life, the Chandra mission now also provides a long observing baseline which, in and of itself, is opening new research opportunities. In addition, observations in the past few years have deepened our understanding of the co-evolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies, the details of black hole accretion, the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the details of supernovae and their progenitors, the interiors of neutron stars, the evolution of massive stars, and the high-energy environment of protoplanetary nebulae and even the interaction of an exo-planet with its star. Here we update the technical status, highlight some of the scientific results, and very briefly discuss future prospects. We fully expect that the Observatory will continue to provide outstanding scientific results for many years to come. C1 NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. RP Weisskopf, MC (reprint author), NASA, MSFC, ZP12,320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9144-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8443 AR 84430Y DI 10.1117/12.929670 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA92 UT WOS:000312391600026 ER PT S AU Zhang, WW Biskach, MP Blake, PN Chan, KW Gaskin, JA Hong, ML Jones, WD Kolos, LD Mazzarella, JR McClelland, RS O'Dell, SL Saha, TT Sharpe, MV AF Zhang, W. W. Biskach, M. P. Blake, P. N. Chan, K. -W. Gaskin, J. A. Hong, M. L. Jones, W. D. Kolos, L. D. Mazzarella, J. R. McClelland, R. S. O'Dell, S. L. Saha, T. T. Sharpe, M. V. BE Takahashi, T Murray, SS DenHerder, JWA TI Next-generation astronomical x-ray optics: high angular resolution, light weight, and low production cost SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE X-ray optics; lightweight optics; glass slumping; mirror alignment; mirror bonding ID TELESCOPE AB X-ray astronomy depends upon the availability of telescopes with high resolution and large photon collecting areas. As astronomical x-ray observations can only be carried out above the atmosphere, these telescopes must necessarily be lightweight. Compounding the lightweight requirement is that an x-ray telescope consists of many nested concentric shells, which further requires that x-ray mirrors must be geometrically thin to achieve high packing efficiency. This double requirement-lightweight and geometrically thin-poses significant technical challenges in fabricating the mirrors and in integrating them into mirror assemblies. This paper reports on the approach, strategy, and status of our program to develop x-ray optics meeting these technical challenges at modest cost. The objective of this technology program is to enable future x-ray missions-including small Explorer missions in the near term, probe class missions in the medium term, and large flagship missions in the long term. C1 [Zhang, W. W.; Blake, P. N.; Kolos, L. D.; Saha, T. T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM William.W.Zhang@nasa.gov OI O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9144-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8443 AR 84430S DI 10.1117/12.926034 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA92 UT WOS:000312391600020 ER PT J AU Thrivikraman, T Perkovic-Martin, D Jenabi, M Hoffman, J AF Thrivikraman, Tushar Perkovic-Martin, Dragana Jenabi, Masud Hoffman, James GP IEEE TI Radar Waveform Pulse Analysis Measurement System for High-Power GaN Amplifiers SO 2012 79TH ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE (ARFTG) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 79th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG) CY JUN 22, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, MTT-S, ARFTG ID INTERFEROMETRY; AMPLITUDE; PHASE AB This work presents a measurement system to characterize the pulsed response of high-power GaN amplifiers for use in space-based SAR platforms that require very strict amplitude and phase stability. The measurement system is able to record and analyze data on three different time scales: fast, slow, and long, which allows for greater detail of the mechanisms that impact amplitude and phase stability. The system is fully automated through MATLAB, which offers both instrument control capability and in-situ data processing. To validate this system, a high-power GaN HEMT amplifier operated in saturation was characterized. The fast time results show that variations to the amplitude and phase are correlated to DC supply transients, while long time characteristics are correlated to temperature changes. C1 [Thrivikraman, Tushar; Perkovic-Martin, Dragana; Jenabi, Masud; Hoffman, James] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Thrivikraman, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Tushar.Thrivikraman@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1230-1 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDB76 UT WOS:000312499100014 ER PT S AU Tsao, MA Ngo, HT Anderson, CR Sadilek, AC Pisacane, VL Giovane, F Corsaro, R Burchell, MJ Stansberry, EG Liou, JC AF Tsao, Michael A. Ngo, Hau T. Anderson, Christopher R. Sadilek, Albert C. Pisacane, Vincent L. Giovane, Frank Corsaro, Robert Burchell, Mark J. Stansberry, Eugene G. Liou, Jer-Chyi GP IEEE TI Prototyping and Testing a Debris Resistive Acoustic Grid Orbital Navy Sensor SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 13-16, 2012 CL Graz, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Austria Sect, TU Graz, Virtual Vehicle Competence Ctr, Obuda Univ, European Acad Sci & Arts, Austrian Acad Sci, Int Soc Petr Engineers, Drilling Syst Automat Tech Sect, Arbeitskreis Hochschullehrer Messtechnik e.V. (AHMT), Joanneum Res, Austrian Ctr Competence Mechatron (ACCM), Platform Artemis Austria AB The Debris Resistive Acoustic Grid Orbital Navy Sensor (DRAGONS) is a spacecraft-mounted instrument designed to detect microscopic sized particles in polar and sun-synchronous orbits at 800-900 km which are currently undetectable by ground-based systems. Current orbital debris detection systems are dependent on ground based radars, which only have the capabilities to detect particles with a characteristic size greater than 0.5-1 cm at ranges less than 1000-2000 km [2]. Microscopic orbital debris can travel at relative velocities of 14 km/sec, which have the ability to severely damage subsystems of spacecrafts [1]. DRAGONS will provide quantitative information on microscopic orbital debris by combining two systems for particle detection, an acoustic subsystem as the primary system and a resistive grid subsystem as the secondary system. The acoustic subsystem measures the characteristic waveforms of impacting particles at the surface of the spacecraft. This impact is then verified simultaneously using the resistive grid subsystem, which changes in resistance as resistive lines break due to impacts on the surface of the spacecraft. The goal of the DRAGONS project is to use low power and inexpensive equipment that will update current debris models that have not accounted for these microscopic sized particles. C1 [Tsao, Michael A.; Ngo, Hau T.; Anderson, Christopher R.; Sadilek, Albert C.; Pisacane, Vincent L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. [Giovane, Frank] Virginia Tech Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Corsaro, Robert] Satera Def Solut, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Burchell, Mark J.] Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophy & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT27NH, Kent, England. [Stansberry, Eugene G.; Liou, Jer-Chyi] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr Orbital Debris Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Tsao, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. OI Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4577-1771-0 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2012 BP 274 EP 279 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCA46 UT WOS:000309449100054 ER PT S AU Burt, JM Josyula, E Blankson, IM AF Burt, Jonathan M. Josyula, Eswar Blankson, Isaiah M. BE Mareschal, M Santos, A TI DSMC-Based Uncertainty Quantification for a Hypersonic Shock Interaction Flow SO 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS 2012, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD) CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Zaragoza, SPAIN SP Minist Econ & Competitividad, Govt Aragon, Dept Ind & Innovat, Aragoneese Agcy Res & Dev (ARAID), Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza Sci Ctr Adv Modeling (ZCAM), Inst Biocomputat & Study Complex Syst (BiFi), Parallel Interface Direct Simulat Monte Carlo (PIDSMC) Software Inc DE hypersonic flow; uncertainty quantification; sensitivity analysis; DSMC ID SIMULATIONS AB A global Monte Carlo approach for sensitivity analysis (SA) and uncertainty quantification (UQ) is integrated with a new DSMC code, and SA/UQ calculations are performed for a hypersonic double cone flow involving multiple shock-shock and shock-boundary layer interactions. Several input parameter uncertainties are considered, with different techniques utilized for inclusion of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. Over 900 simulations, requiring more than100,000 CPU hours, are performed as part of this work, and dominant sources of uncertainty are identified for both local and global output quantities. Simulation results are compared with published computational data to ensure simulation accuracy under nominal flow conditions, and UQ results are employed to help explain discrepancies between DSMC results and experimental measurements. Aleatory uncertainty in inflow velocity is found to be the dominant contributor to the total force and surface pressure at the primary shock impingement point, while epistemic uncertainty in the wall vibrational thermal accommodation coefficient is the leading source of uncertainty in impingement point heat flux and the total convective heat transfer rate. paper. C1 [Burt, Jonathan M.; Josyula, Eswar] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. [Blankson, Isaiah M.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Burt, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1115-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1501 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1063/1.4769593 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDB01 UT WOS:000312411200074 ER PT S AU Datsko, B Gafiychuk, V Luchko, Y AF Datsko, Bohdan Gafiychuk, Vasyl Luchko, Yuri BE Sivasundaram, S TI Bifurcation Characteristics of Fractional Reaction-Diffusion Systems SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE AND SCIENCES (ICNPAA 2012) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Aerospace and Sciences CY JUL 10-14, 2012 CL Tech Univ Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut and Astronaut (AIAA), Int Federat Informat Proc, Int Federat Nonlinear Analysts (IFNA), Amer Inst Phys (AIP), Vienna City Adm, Vienna Convent Bur, Inst Comp Languages Compilers and Languages Grp, Vienna Univ Technol HO Tech Univ Vienna DE reaction-diffusion system; fractional differential equations; homogeneous oscillations; dissipative structures ID EQUATIONS AB Anomalous behavior of many complex heterogeneous systems is known to be adequate modeled with the fractional differential equations and in particular with the fractional reaction-diffusion systems (FRDS). In this article, a generalized reaction-diffusion model in form of a system of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations is considered. It is shown that orders of the fractional derivatives contained in the FRDS are new bifurcation parameters that can change stability both of the spatially-homogeneous and of the spatially-nonhomogeneous stationary solutions. A general principle of linear stability for FRDS is formulated. The results of linear stability analysis are confirmed by computer simulations of some basic FRDS with classical nonlinearities. It is shown that stability of steady state solutions of FRDS and their evolution are mainly determined by the orders of the fractional derivatives and the eigenvalue spectrum of the linearized systems. Moreover, new types of spatio-temporal solutions and new mechanisms of pattern formation can be observed in FRDS because of new bifurcation types. Characteristic plots of evolution of steady state solutions for basic time-fractional reaction-diffusion systems are presented. C1 [Datsko, Bohdan] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Appl Problems Mech & Math, Naukova St 3B, UA-79060 Lvov, Ukraine. [Gafiychuk, Vasyl] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Luchko, Yuri] Beuth Tech Univ Appl Sci, Berlin, Germany. RP Datsko, B (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Appl Problems Mech & Math, Naukova St 3B, UA-79060 Lvov, Ukraine. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1105-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1493 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1063/1.4765503 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Applied SC Mathematics; Physics GA BDA08 UT WOS:000312264400043 ER PT J AU Lee, JJ Parks, GK Lee, E Tsurutani, BT Hwang, J Cho, KS Kim, KH Park, YD Min, KW McCarthy, MP AF Lee, J. J. Parks, G. K. Lee, E. Tsurutani, B. T. Hwang, J. Cho, K. S. Kim, K. -H. Park, Y. D. Min, K. W. McCarthy, M. P. TI Anisotropic pitch angle distribution of similar to 100 keV microburst electrons in the loss cone: measurements from STSAT-1 SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Energetic particles, precipitating ID AURORAL-ZONE; VLF-CHORUS; PRECIPITATION; BALLOON; MAGNETOSPHERE; MODEL AB Electron microburst energy spectra in the range of 170 keV to 360 keV have been measured using two solid-state detectors onboard the low-altitude (680 km), polar-orbiting Korean STSAT-1 (Science and Technology SATellite-1). Applying a unique capability of the spacecraft attitude control system, microburst energy spectra have been accurately resolved into two components: perpendicular to and parallel to the geomagnetic field direction. The former measures trapped electrons and the latter those electrons with pitch angles in the loss cone and precipitating into atmosphere. It is found that the perpendicular component energy spectra are harder than the parallel component and the loss cone is not completely filled by the electrons in the energy range of 170 keV to 360 keV. These results have been modeled assuming a wave-particle cyclotron resonance mechanism, where higher energy electrons travelling within a magnetic flux tube interact with whistler mode waves at higher latitudes (lower altitudes). Our results suggest that because higher energy (relativistic) microbursts do not fill the loss cone completely, only a small portion of electrons is able to reach low altitude (similar to 100 km) atmosphere. Thus assuming that low energy microbursts and relativistic microbursts are created by cyclotron resonance with chorus elements (but at different locations), the low energy portion of the microburst spectrum will dominate at low altitudes. This explains why relativistic microbursts have not been observed by balloon experiments, which typically float at altitudes of similar to 30 km and measure only X-ray flux produced by collisions between neutral atmospheric particles and precipitating electrons. C1 [Lee, J. J.; Hwang, J.; Cho, K. S.; Park, Y. D.] Astron & Space Sci Inst, Dept Space Sci Res, Taejon, South Korea. [Lee, E.; Kim, K. -H.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Gyeonggi, South Korea. [Tsurutani, B. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Min, K. W.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [McCarthy, M. P.] Univ Washington, Dept Planetary & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lee, JJ (reprint author), Astron & Space Sci Inst, Dept Space Sci Res, Taejon, South Korea. EM jjlee@kasi.re.kr RI Kim , Khan-Hyuk/E-2361-2013; Lee, Ensang/E-2356-2013; Min, Kyoung Wook/C-1948-2011 FU "Development of Korean Space Weather Center" project of KASI; KASI basic research fund; WCU program through NRF; MEST of Korea [R31-10016] FX This research has been mainly supported by the "Development of Korean Space Weather Center" project of KASI, and the KASI basic research fund. Portions of this research were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. Work of K.-H. Kim was supported by WCU program through NRF funded by MEST of Korea (R31-10016). NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1567 EP 1573 DI 10.5194/angeo-30-1567-2012 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WT UT WOS:000312666300001 ER PT J AU Betancourt, RM Lee, D Oreopoulos, L Sud, YC Barahona, D Nenes, A AF Betancourt, R. Morales Lee, D. Oreopoulos, L. Sud, Y. C. Barahona, D. Nenes, A. TI Sensitivity of cirrus and mixed-phase clouds to the ice nuclei spectra in McRAS-AC: single column model simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; CONTACT NUCLEATION; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; VERSION-3 CAM3; MINERAL DUST; PART I; PARAMETERIZATION; AEROSOL; MICROPHYSICS AB The salient features of mixed-phase and ice clouds in a GCM cloud scheme are examined using the ice nucleation parameterizations of Liu and Penner (LP) and Barahona and Nenes (BN). The performance of both parameterizations was assessed in the GEOS-5 AGCM using the McRAS-AC cloud microphysics framework in single column mode. Four dimensional assimilated data from the intensive observation period of ARM TWP-ICE campaign was used to drive the fluxes and lateral forcing. Simulation experiments were established to test the impact of each parameterization in the resulting cloud fields. Three commonly used IN spectra were utilized in the BN parameterization to describe the availability of IN for heterogeneous ice nucleation. The results showed large similarities in the cirrus cloud regime between all the schemes tested, in which ice crystal concentrations were within a factor of 10 regardless of the parameterization used. In mixed-phase clouds there were some persistent differences in cloud particle number concentration and size, as well as in cloud fraction, ice water mixing ratio, and ice water path. Contact freezing in the simulated mixed-phase clouds contributed to the effective transfer of liquid to ice, so that on average, the clouds were fully glaciated at T similar to 260 K, irrespective of the ice nucleation parameterization used. Comparison of simulated ice water path to available satellite derived observations were also performed, finding that all the schemes tested with the BN parameterization predicted average values of IWP within +/-15% of the observations. C1 [Betancourt, R. Morales; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lee, D.] USRA Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Barahona, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, IM Syst Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Nenes, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Barahona, Donifan/G-4157-2011; Morales Betancourt, Ricardo/A-3827-2016 OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Morales Betancourt, Ricardo/0000-0002-5475-8605 FU DOE [DE-SC0007145]; NASA ACMAP [NNX08AK50G]; NASA MAP [WBS 802678.02.17.01.07]; NASA IDS program; NASA MAP program FX We acknowledge the JCET/NASA Graduate Summer Research Program in Earth Sciences. A. Nenes acknowledges support from DOE grant DE-SC0007145 and NASA ACMAP grant NNX08AK50G. D. Barahona was supported by the NASA MAP program under WBS 802678.02.17.01.07. Lee, Oreopoulos and Sud were supported by funding from NASA's IDS and MAP programs. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. The authors also acknowledge the valuable insight from Trude Strovelmo and one anonymous reviewer. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 22 BP 10679 EP 10692 DI 10.5194/acp-12-10679-2012 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055JG UT WOS:000312411300004 ER PT J AU Barth, MC Lee, J Hodzic, A Pfister, G Skamarock, WC Worden, J Wong, J Noone, D AF Barth, M. C. Lee, J. Hodzic, A. Pfister, G. Skamarock, W. C. Worden, J. Wong, J. Noone, D. TI Thunderstorms and upper troposphere chemistry during the early stages of the 2006 North American Monsoon SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL SIMULATION; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; MEXICO-CITY; CHEM MODEL; WRF MODEL; OZONE; TRANSPORT; NOX AB To study the meteorology and chemistry that is associated with the early stages of the North American Monsoon, the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) is applied for the first time at high resolution (4 km grid spacing, allowing for explicit representation of convection) over a large region (continental US and northern Mexico) for a multi-week (15 July to 7 August 2006) integration. Evaluation of model results shows that WRF-Chem reasonably represents the large-scale meteorology and strong convective storms, but tends to overestimate weak convection. In the upper troposphere, the WRF-Chem model predicts ozone (O-3) and carbon monoxide (CO) to within 10-20% of aircraft and sonde measurements. Comparison of UT O-3 and CO frequency distributions between WRF-Chem and satellite data indicates that WRF-Chem is lofting CO too frequently from the boundary layer (BL). This excessive lofting should also cause biases in the WRF-Chem ozone frequency distribution; however it agrees well with satellite data suggesting that either the chemical production of O-3 in the model is overpredicted or there is too much stratosphere to troposphere transport in the model. Analysis of different geographic regions (West Coast, Rocky Mountains, Central Plains, Midwest, and Gulf Coast) reveals that much of the convective transport occurs in the Rocky Mountains, while much of the UT ozone chemical production occurs over the Gulf Coast and Midwest regions where both CO and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are abundant in the upper troposphere and promote the production of peroxy radicals. In all regions most of the ozone chemical production occurs within 24 h of the air being lofted from the boundary layer. In addition, analysis of the anticyclone and adjacent air indicates that ozone mixing ratios within the anticyclone region associated with the North American Monsoon and just outside the anticyclone are similar. Increases of O-3 within the anticyclone are strongly coincident with entrainment of stratospheric air into the anticyclone, but also are from in situ O-3 chemical production. In situ O-3 production is up to 17% greater within the anticyclone than just outside the anticyclone when the anticyclone is over the southern US indicating that the enhancement of O-3 is most pronounced over regions with abundant VOCs. C1 [Barth, M. C.; Lee, J.; Hodzic, A.; Pfister, G.; Skamarock, W. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Worden, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Wong, J.; Noone, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wong, J.; Noone, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Barth, MC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM barthm@ucar.edu RI Hodzic, Alma/C-3629-2009; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008 FU NASA [NNX07AM47G]; National Science Foundation; European Commission FX The work was partially supported by NASA grant NNX07AM47G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors appreciate the computer time made available for this project and for the assistance of the supercomputer engineers from the CISL at NCAR and from the NASA Ames computing group. Stuart McKeen (NOAA/ESRL) is thanked for providing the 4 km gridded anthropogenic emissions from the EPA inventory. Christine Wiedinmyer and Louisa Emmons provided biogenic VOC and fire emissions data and CAM-Chem results for the boundary conditions. The Global Monitoring Division of NOAA/ESRL is kindly acknowledged for the ozonesonde data. We also acknowledge the European Commission and its partner institutions in Germany, France and the UK for the support to the MOZAIC project. We thank Anne Boynard, Christine Wiedinmyer, and the three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. The WRF-Chem simulation performed on the bluefire machine (an IBM clustered Symmetric MultiProcessing (SMP) system based on the Power6 chip) at NCAR used 728 processors. One day of integration took similar to 20 h to compute. The hourly output files are 39 Gb in size and are available for scientific investigations upon request. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 22 BP 11003 EP 11026 DI 10.5194/acp-12-11003-2012 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055JG UT WOS:000312411300025 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Martins, JV Yu, H AF Zhu, L. Martins, J. V. Yu, H. TI Effect of spectrally varying albedo of vegetation surfaces on shortwave radiation fluxes and aerosol direct radiative forcing SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLIMATE CHANGE; LAND; REFLECTANCE; MODIS; RETRIEVAL; DEFORESTATION; VARIABILITY; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS AB This study develops an algorithm for representing detailed spectral features of vegetation albedo based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) observations at 7 discrete channels, referred to as the MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Albedo (MEVA) algorithm. The MEVA algorithm empirically fills spectral gaps around the vegetation red edge near 0.7 mu m and vegetation water absorption features at 1.48 and 1.92 mu m which cannot be adequately captured by the MODIS 7 channels. We then assess the effects of applying MEVA in comparison to four other traditional approaches to calculate solar fluxes and aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF) at the top of atmosphere (TOA) based on the MODIS discrete reflectance bands. By comparing the DRF results obtained through the MEVA method with the results obtained through the other four traditional approaches, we show that filling the spectral gap of the MODIS measurements around 0.7 mu m based on the general spectral behavior of healthy green vegetation leads to significant improvement in the instantaneous aerosol DRF at TOA (up to 3.02 W m(-2) difference or 48% fraction of the aerosol DRF, -6.28 W m(-2), calculated for high spectral resolution surface reflectance from 0.3 to 2.5 mu m for deciduous vegetation surface). The corrections of the spectral gaps in the vegetation spectrum in the near infrared, again missed by the MODIS reflectances, also contributes to improving TOA DRF calculations but to a much lower extent (less than 0.27 W m(-2), or about 4% of the instantaneous DRF). Compared to traditional approaches, MEVA also improves the accuracy of the outgoing solar flux between 0.3 to 2.5 mu m at TOA by over 60 W m(-2) (for aspen 3 surface) and aerosol DRF by over 10 W m(-2) (for dry grass). Specifically, for Amazon vegetation types, MEVA can improve the accuracy of daily averaged aerosol radiative forcing in the spectral range of 0.3 to 2.5 mu m at equator at the equinox by 3.7 W m(-2). These improvements indicate that MEVA can contribute to regional climate studies over vegetated areas and can help to improve remote sensing-based studies of climate processes and climate change. C1 [Zhu, L.; Martins, J. V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Zhu, L.; Martins, J. V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Yu, H.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yu, H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhu, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM zhuli1@umbc.edu; martins@umbc.edu; hongbin.yu@nasa.gov RI Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008 OI Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575 FU NASA [NNX08AJ78G]; IDS project FX We would like to thank NASA for funding this project under the grant NNX08AJ78G and IDS project, managed by H. Maring. We also would like to thank the MODIS team for their excellent work on the instrument development, maintenance, and calibration. We thank their effort on data quality control and providing data to the public as well. Thanks also go to Elisa Thome Sena for her constructive comments and suggestions. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 12 BP 3055 EP 3067 DI 10.5194/amt-5-3055-2012 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058WS UT WOS:000312666200006 ER PT J AU Ounn, RP Kafle, J Krause, FC Hwang, C Ratnakumar, BV Smart, MC Lucht, BL AF Ounn, Ronald P. Kafle, Janak Krause, Frederick C. Hwang, Constanza Ratnakumar, Bugga V. Smart, Marshall C. Lucht, Brett L. TI Electrochemical Analysis of Li-Ion Cells Containing Triphenyl Phosphate SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE; NONFLAMMABLE ELECTROLYTES; ALKYL PHOSPHATES; BATTERIES; ADDITIVES; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODES; SURFACE; SOLVENT AB The development and subsequent incorporation of flame retardant additives (FRAs) has become a priority for Li-Ion battery research and development. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) was studied to ascertain the safety benefits and electrochemical performance when incorporated into a LiPF6/ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) electrolyte system. The flammability of electrolytes containing TPP was investigated via self-extinguishing time and flash point analysis. The electrochemical stability was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), battery cycling in graphite/LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cells, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization. In order to better understand the role of TPP, ex-situ surface analysis of the cycled electrodes was conducted with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Incorporation of TPP results in a moderate decrease in the flammability of the electrolyte with relatively minor detrimental effects on the performance of the cells and thus is a promising additive for lithium ion batteries. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.081212jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Ounn, Ronald P.; Kafle, Janak; Lucht, Brett L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Krause, Frederick C.; Hwang, Constanza; Ratnakumar, Bugga V.; Smart, Marshall C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ounn, RP (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM blucht@chm.uri.edu FU NASA Rhode Island Space grant Consortium; NASA EPSCoR; NASA-Space Exploration Systems (SPS) program FX This research project was funded by the NASA Rhode Island Space grant Consortium and NASA EPSCoR. Some of the work described here was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and under sponsorship of the NASA-Space Exploration Systems (SPS) program. Technical support was provided by Yardney Technical Products, Inc. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 70 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 12 BP A2100 EP A2108 DI 10.1149/2.081212jes PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 052XI UT WOS:000312233500028 ER PT S AU Gordon, KD Balzano, V Blair, W Ferguson, H Kinzel, W Lotz, J Rigby, J Sonneborn, G Tumlinson, J AF Gordon, Karl D. Balzano, Vicki Blair, William Ferguson, Henry Kinzel, Wayne Lotz, Jennifer Rigby, Jane Sonneborn, George Tumlinson, Jason BE Peck, AB Seaman, RL Comeron, F TI Optimizing the Observing Efficiency of the James Webb Space Telescope SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes and Systems IV CY JUL 04-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE efficiency; optimization; operations; overheads; JWST; James Webb Space Telescope AB One of the goals of the operations system being developed at the Space Telescope Science Institute for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is to produce the most efficient use of the observatory that is scientifically justified. To first order, this means maximizing the amount of time spent collecting photons on science targets while ensuring the health and safety of the observatory and obtaining the necessary calibration data. We present recent efforts by the JWST Efficiency Working Group at STScI to quantify the expected observing efficiency based on current plans for the operations system. These include collecting the expected observatory and instrument overheads and updating a set of prototypical observing programs that will approximate over one full year of JWST observations. The combination of these two efforts is being used to investigate the expected observing efficiency and determine revised strategies to minimize overheads and maximize this efficiency. C1 [Gordon, Karl D.; Balzano, Vicki; Blair, William; Ferguson, Henry; Kinzel, Wayne; Lotz, Jennifer; Tumlinson, Jason] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rigby, Jane; Sonneborn, George] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gordon, KD (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM kgordon@stsci.edu RI Rigby, Jane/D-4588-2012 OI Rigby, Jane/0000-0002-7627-6551 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9149-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8448 AR 84481U DI 10.1117/12.926130 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA90 UT WOS:000312389300057 ER PT S AU McGlynn, TA Hanisch, RJ Berriman, GB Thakar, AR AF McGlynn, Thomas A. Hanisch, Robert J. Berriman, G. Bruce Thakar, Aniruddha R. BE Peck, AB Seaman, RL Comeron, F TI Running a distributed virtual observatory: US Virtual Astronomical Observatory operations SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes and Systems IV CY JUL 04-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Virtual observatory; observatory operations; validation; monitoring; distributed computing AB Operation of the US Virtual Astronomical Observatory shares some issues with modern physical observatories, e. g., intimidating data volumes and rapid technological change, and must also address unique concerns like the lack of direct control of the underlying and scattered data resources, and the distributed nature of the observatory itself. In this paper we discuss how the VAO has addressed these challenges to provide the astronomical community with a coherent set of science-enabling tools and services. The distributed nature of our virtual observatory-with data and personnel spanning geographic, institutional and regime boundaries-is simultaneously a major operational headache and the primary science motivation for the VAO. Most astronomy today uses data from many resources. Facilitation of matching heterogeneous datasets is a fundamental reason for the virtual observatory. Key aspects of our approach include continuous monitoring and validation of VAO and VO services and the datasets provided by the community, monitoring of user requests to optimize access, caching for large datasets, and providing distributed storage services that allow user to collect results near large data repositories. Some elements are now fully implemented, while others are planned for subsequent years. The distributed nature of the VAO requires careful attention to what can be a straightforward operation at a conventional observatory, e. g., the organization of the web site or the collection and combined analysis of logs. Many of these strategies use and extend protocols developed by the international virtual observatory community. Our long-term challenge is working with the underlying data providers to ensure high quality implementation of VO data access protocols (new and better 'telescopes'), assisting astronomical developers to build robust integrating tools (new 'instruments'), and coordinating with the research community to maximize the science enabled. C1 [McGlynn, Thomas A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Sci Arch Res Ctr, Code 660 1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hanisch, Robert J.] US Virtual Astronom Observat, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Hanisch, Robert J.] space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. [Berriman, G. Bruce] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anly Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Thakar, Aniruddha R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP McGlynn, TA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Sci Arch Res Ctr, Code 660 1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM thomas.a.mcglynn@nasa.gov FU US Virtual Astronomical Observatory; National Science Foundation [AST-0834235]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This paper describes work done with the support of the US Virtual Astronomical Observatory. The VAO is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation (under Cooperative Agreement AST-0834235) and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The VAO is managed by the VAO, LLC, a non- profit 501(c)(3) organization registered in the District of Columbia and a collaborative effort of the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) and the Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI). NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9149-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8448 AR 84480E DI 10.1117/12.926083 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA90 UT WOS:000312389300014 ER PT S AU Wasiak, F Ochs, W Johns, A Seaton, B Adams, C Fatig, C Jones, R Jackson, W AF Wasiak, Francis Ochs, William Johns, Alan Seaton, Bonita Adams, Cynthia Fatig, Curtis Jones, Ronald Jackson, Wallace BE Peck, AB Seaman, RL Comeron, F TI The Building Blocks for JWST I&T to Operations - From Simulator to Flight Units SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes and Systems IV CY JUL 04-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE integration and test; JWST; simulators; operations AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Project has an extended integration and test (I&T) phase due to long procurement and development times of various components as well as recent launch delays. The JWST Ground Segment and Operations group has developed a roadmap of the various ground and flight elements and their use in the various JWST I&T test programs. The JWST Project's building block approach to the eventual operational systems, while not new, is complex and challenging; a large-scale mission like JWST involves international partners, many vendors across the United States, and competing needs for the same systems. One of the challenges is resource balancing so simulators and flight products for various elements congeal into integrated systems used for I&T and flight operations activities. This building block approach to an incremental buildup provides for early problem identification with simulators and exercises the flight operations systems, products, and interfaces during the JWST I&T test programs. The JWST Project has completed some early I&T with the simulators, engineering models and some components of the operational ground system. The JWST Project is testing the various flight units as they are delivered and will continue to do so for the entire flight and operational system. The JWST Project has already and will continue to reap the value of the building block approach on the road to launch and flight operations. C1 [Wasiak, Francis; Ochs, William; Johns, Alan; Seaton, Bonita; Adams, Cynthia; Fatig, Curtis; Jones, Ronald] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 443, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Seaton, Bonita; Adams, Cynthia] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jackson, Wallace] Northrop Grumman Aerospace Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Wasiak, F (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 443, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9149-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8448 AR 844803 DI 10.1117/12.921818 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BDA90 UT WOS:000312389300003 ER PT S AU Bar-Cohen, Y AF Bar-Cohen, Yoseph BE Lakhtakia, A Todd, JA TI Innovation inspired by nature: capabilities, potentials and challenges SO PHOTONIC INNOVATIONS AND SOLUTIONS FOR COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS AND SYSTEMS (PISCES) SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Innovations and Solutions for Complex Environments and Systems (PISCES) CY AUG 12, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Biomimetics; Robotics; Sensors; Actuators; Biologically inspired technologies AB Through evolution, nature came up with many effective solutions to its challenges and continually improving them. By mimicking, coping and being inspired, humans have been using Nature's solutions to address their own challenges. In recent years, the implementation of nature's capabilities has intensified with our growing understanding of the various biological and nastic mechanisms and processes. Successes include even the making of humanlike robots that perform such lifelike tasks as walking, talking, making eye-contact, interpreting speech and facial expressions, as well as many other humanlike functions. Generally, once humans are able to implement a function then, thru rapid advances in technology, capabilities are developed that can significantly exceed the original source of inspiration in Nature. Examples include flight where there is no species that can fly as high, carry so much mass, has so large dimensions and fly so fast, and operate at as such extreme conditions as our aircraft and other aerospace systems. However, using the capabilities of today's technology, there are many challenges that are not feasible to address in mimicking characteristics of species and plants. In this manuscript, state-of-the-art of biomimetic capabilities, potentials and challenges are reviewed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM yosi@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9199-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8482 AR 848208 DI 10.1117/12.928048 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCZ65 UT WOS:000312226600005 ER PT S AU Gopalswamy, N AF Gopalswamy, Nat BE Hu, Q Li, G Zank, GP Ao, X Verkhoglyadova, O Adams, JH TI Energetic Particle and Other Space Weather Events of Solar Cycle 24 SO SPACE WEATHER: THE SPACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC) CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res (CSPAR) DE Solar cycle; solar energetic particle events; geomagnetic storms; space weather; coronal mass ejections ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS AB We report on the space weather events of solar cycle 24 in comparison with those during a similar epoch in cycle 23. We find major differences in all space weather events: solar energetic particles, geomagnetic storms, and interplanetary shocks. Dearth of ground level enhancement (GLE) events and major geomagnetic storms during cycle 24 clearly standout. The space weather events seem to reflect the less frequent solar eruptions and the overall weakness of solar cycle 24. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1114-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1500 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1063/1.4768738 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BDB00 UT WOS:000312410500002 ER PT S AU Feynman, J Ruzmaikin, A AF Feynman, Joan Ruzmaikin, Alexander BE Hu, Q Li, G Zank, GP Ao, X Verkhoglyadova, O Adams, JH TI The Centennial Gleissberg Cycle in Space Weather SO SPACE WEATHER: THE SPACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC) CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res (CSPAR) DE Solar variability Space Weather ID SOLAR-ACTIVITY; PERIOD AB A 90-100 year cycle in the sunspot number, geomagnetic activity, occurrence of midlatitude auroras and large fluence Solar Energetic Particle events has been widely reported. However the importance of this cycle, which we call the Centennial Gleissberg Cycle (CGC), for Space Weather had not received proper attention until the recent occurrence of the deep minimum during the transition from the 23rd to 24th 11-year solar cycle. This deep minimum validated the earlier CGC minima that occurred in the beginning of the 20th century and 19th century (the Dalton minimum). In this note we will describe the CGC patterns of variation in sunspot numbers, geomagnetic activity and auroras and the observed effects on the frequency and intensity of Space Weather events. We will also comment on what this implies for Space Weather during the next 30 years. C1 [Feynman, Joan; Ruzmaikin, Alexander] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Feynman, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1114-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1500 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1063/1.4768743 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BDB00 UT WOS:000312410500007 ER PT S AU Pogorelov, NV Borovikov, SN Burlaga, LF Ebert, RW Heerikhuisen, J Kim, TK Kryukov, IA Suess, ST Wu, ST Zank, GP AF Pogorelov, N. V. Borovikov, S. N. Burlaga, L. F. Ebert, R. W. Heerikhuisen, J. Kim, T. K. Kryukov, I. A. Suess, S. T. Wu, S. T. Zank, G. P. BE Hu, Q Li, G Zank, GP Ao, X Verkhoglyadova, O Adams, JH TI Numerical Modeling of the Solar Wind Flow with Observational Boundary Conditions SO SPACE WEATHER: THE SPACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC) CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res DE interplanetary and interstellar magnetic fields; heliopause; solar wind termination; solar cycle variations; neutral particles; magnetohydrodynamics ID INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC-FIELD; KINETIC SIMULATION SUITE; TERMINATION SHOCK; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; PICKUP PROTONS; HELIOSHEATH; PLASMA; TURBULENCE; CYCLE; ROTATION AB In this paper we describe our group efforts to develop a self-consistent, data-driven model of the solar wind (SW) interaction with the local interstellar medium. The motion of plasma in this model is described with the MHD approach, while the transport of neutral atoms is addressed by either kinetic or multi-fluid equations. The model and its implementation in the Multi-Scale Fluid-Kinetic Simulation Suite (MS-FLUKSS) are continuously tested and validated by comparing our results with other models and spacecraft measurements. In particular, it was successfully applied to explain an unusual SW behavior discovered by the Voyager 1 spacecraft, i.e., the development of a substantial negative radial velocity component, flow turning in the transverse direction, while the latitudinal velocity component goes to very small values. We explain recent SW velocity measurements at Voyager 1 in the context of our 3-D, MHD modeling. We also present a comparison of different turbulence models in their ability to reproduce the SW temperature profile from Voyager 2 measurements. The boundary conditions obtained at 50 solar radii from data-driven numerical simulations are used to model a CME event throughout the heliosphere. C1 [Pogorelov, N. V.; Heerikhuisen, J.; Kim, T. K.; Zank, G. P.] Univ Alabama Huntsville, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Borovikov, S. N.; Kryukov, I. A.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Burlaga, L. F.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ebert, R. W.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Kim, T. K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Kryukov, I. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Mech, Moscow 119526, Russia. [Suess, S. T.] NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Pogorelov, NV (reprint author), Univ Alabama Huntsville, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RI Kryukov, Igor/L-7310-2015; OI Kryukov, Igor/0000-0003-3759-7552; Kim, Tae/0000-0003-0764-9569; Heerikhuisen, Jacob/0000-0001-7867-3633 FU NASA [NNX08AE41G, NNX08AG62G, NNX08AJ21G, NNX09AB24G, NNX09AG29G, NNX09AP74A, NNX09AW44G, NNX09AG63G, NNX10AE46G, NNX12AB30G]; DOE Explorer Program; NASA High- End Computing program award [SMD-11-2195]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory Director Discretion [PSS003]; NSF XSEDE [MCA07S033] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNX08AE41G, NNX08AG62G, NNX08AJ21G, NNX09AB24G, NNX09AG29G, NNX09AP74A, NNX09AW44G, NNX09AG63G, NNX10AE46G, and NNX12AB30G, and DOE grant DE- SC0008334. This work was also maintained in part by the IBEX project, with support from NASA's Explorer Program. Supercomputer time allocations were provided by NASA High- End Computing program award SMD- 11- 2195, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Director Discretion project PSS003, and NSF XSEDE project MCA07S033. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1114-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1500 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.1063/1.4768756 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BDB00 UT WOS:000312410500020 ER PT S AU Adams, J Falconer, D Fry, D AF Adams, Jim Falconer, David Fry, Dan BE Hu, Q Li, G Zank, GP Ao, X Verkhoglyadova, O Adams, JH TI The Ionizing Radiation Environment in Space and Its Effects SO SPACE WEATHER: THE SPACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC) CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res DE ionizing radiation; space radiation; radiation effects; radiation protection ID ANOMALOUS COSMIC-RAYS; SOLAR; CODE; HELIOSPHERE; ABUNDANCES; FLUENCES; EVENTS; MODEL AB The ionizing radiation environment in space poses a hazard for spacecraft and space crews. The hazardous components of this environment are reviewed and those which contribute to radiation hazards and effects identified. Avoiding the adverse effects of space radiation requires design, planning, monitoring and management. Radiation effects on spacecraft are avoided largely though spacecraft design. Managing radiation exposures of space crews involves not only protective spacecraft design and careful mission planning. Exposures must be managed in real time. The now-casting and forecasting needed to effectively manage crew exposures is presented. The techniques used and the space environment modeling needed to implement these techniques are discussed. C1 [Adams, Jim; Falconer, David] UA Huntsville, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Fry, Dan] Space Radiat Anal Grp, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Adams, J (reprint author), UA Huntsville, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. FU NASA's Living with Star Program's Targeted Research and Technology Program; NASA's Space Radiation Analysis Group FX yy This work was supported in part by the NASA's Living with Star Program's Targeted Research and Technology Program and NASA's Space Radiation Analysis Group. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1114-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1500 BP 198 EP 203 DI 10.1063/1.4768766 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BDB00 UT WOS:000312410500030 ER PT S AU Cooper, JF King, JH Papitashvili, NE Lal, N Sittler, EC Sturner, SJ Hills, HK Lipatov, AS Kovalick, TJ Johnson, RC Leckner, HA McGuire, RE Narock, TW Szabo, A Roberts, DA Armstrong, TP Manweiler, JW Patterson, JD McKibben, RB Tranquille, C AF Cooper, John F. King, Joseph H. Papitashvili, Natalia E. Lal, Nand Sittler, Edward C. Sturner, Steven J. Hills, H. Kent Lipatov, Alexander S. Kovalick, Tamara J. Johnson, Rita C. Leckner, Howard A. McGuire, Robert E. Narock, Thomas W. Szabo, Adam Roberts, D. Aaron Armstrong, Thomas P. Manweiler, Jerry W. Patterson, J. Douglas McKibben, Robert B. Tranquille, Cecil BE Hu, Q Li, G Zank, GP Ao, X Verkhoglyadova, O Adams, JH TI Space Weathering Investigations Enabled by NASA's Virtual Heliophysical Observatories SO SPACE WEATHER: THE SPACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC) CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res DE Heliosphere; space weathering; energetic particles; virtual observatory; Kuiper Belt ID KUIPER-BELT; IRRADIATION AB Space weathering by the plasma and energetic particle radiation environment of the heliosphere contributes to the physical and chemical evolution of exposed surfaces on airless bodies such as the Moon, asteroids, comets, and icy bodies of the outer solar system. The Multi-Source Spectral Plot (MSSP) service of the NASA Virtual Energetic Particle Observatory (VEPO) enables enhanced access and comparative global heliospheric analysis of ion flux spectra from the past and present fleet of interplanetary spacecraft for modeling of space weathering effects. Commonly red colors of low-inclination Classical Kuiper Belt Objects may be the result of specific compositional origin and spectral irradiation effects in the outer heliosphere. VEPO also enables easy comparison of flux spectra to check intercalibration issues. C1 [Cooper, John F.; Lal, Nand; Szabo, Adam; Roberts, D. Aaron] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliospher Phys Lab, Code 672, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cooper, JF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliospher Phys Lab, Code 672, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Cooper, John/D-4709-2012 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1114-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1500 BP 204 EP 209 DI 10.1063/1.4768767 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BDB00 UT WOS:000312410500031 ER PT S AU Aldrich, JB Ploen, SR AF Aldrich, J. B. Ploen, S. R. GP IEEE TI Lyapunov stabilization of spinning multibody systems driven by an active/passive PD-feedback control law SO 2012 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, Xerox, Adept MobileRobots, Momentum Press, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis, United Technologies Res Ctr, Visual Solut, Wiley-Blackwell ID STABILITY; SPACECRAFT AB For a class of spinning mechanical systems, this article investigates the stability domain of the spun-pose equilibrium state as a function of the commanded spin-rate, which is assumed constant. In order to unify the modelling paradigm with the closed-loop stability analysis, a generalized time-varying Lagrangian function is introduced that simultaneously accounts for both passive PD-feedback (e.g. springs/dashpots) and active PD-feedback (e.g. spin-angle tracking control). C1 [Aldrich, J. B.; Ploen, S. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Aldrich, JB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jaldrich@jpl.nasa.gov; sploen@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-1096-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2012 BP 2563 EP 2570 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BCN53 UT WOS:000310776202140 ER PT S AU Acikmese, B Bayard, DS AF Acikmese, Behcet Bayard, David S. GP IEEE TI A Markov Chain Approach to Probabilistic Swarm Guidance SO 2012 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, Xerox, Adept MobileRobots, Momentum Press, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis, United Technologies Res Ctr, Visual Solut, Wiley-Blackwell ID MOBILE AUTONOMOUS AGENTS; COORDINATION; AVOIDANCE; ALGORITHM; SYSTEMS AB This paper introduces a probabilistic guidance approach for the coordination of swarms of autonomous agents. The main idea is to drive the swarm to a prescribed density distribution in a prescribed region of the configuration space. In its simplest form, the probabilistic approach is completely decentralized and does not require communication or collaboration between agents. Agents make statistically independent probabilistic decisions based solely on their own state, that ultimately guides the swarm to the desired density distribution in the configuration space. In addition to being completely decentralized, the probabilistic guidance approach has a novel autonomous self-repair property: Once the desired swarm density distribution is attained, the agents automatically repair any damage to the distribution without collaborating and without any knowledge about the damage. C1 [Acikmese, Behcet; Bayard, David S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Acikmese, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM behcet@jpl.nasa.gov; david.s.bayard@jpl.nasa.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-1096-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2012 BP 6300 EP 6307 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BCN53 UT WOS:000310776206099 ER PT S AU Allen, GR Guertin, SM Scheick, LZ Irom, F Zajac, S AF Allen, Gregory R. Guertin, Steven M. Scheick, Leif Z. Irom, Farokh Zajac, Stephanie GP IEEE TI Compendium of Recent Test Results of Single Event Effects Conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory SO 2012 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) AB This paper reports heavy ion, proton, and laser induced single event effects results for a variety of microelectronic devices targeted for possible use in NASA spacecraft. The compendium covers devices tested within the years of 2010 through 2012. C1 [Allen, Gregory R.; Guertin, Steven M.; Scheick, Leif Z.; Irom, Farokh; Zajac, Stephanie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Allen, GR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM grallen@jpl.nasa.gov; steven.m.guertin@jpl.nasa.gov; leif.z.scheick@jpl.nasa.gov; farokh.irom@jpl.nasa.gov; Stephanie.zajac@stoneybrook.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4673-2732-9 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BDA37 UT WOS:000312293800034 ER PT S AU Allums, KK O'Neill, PM Reddell, BD Bailey, CR Nguyen, KV AF Allums, Kimberly K. O'Neill, Patrick M. Reddell, Brandon D. Bailey, Charles R. Nguyen, Kyson V. GP IEEE TI Radiation Test Results on COTS and non-COTS Electronic Devices for NASA Johnson Space Center Spaceflight Projects SO 2012 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) AB This paper reports the results of recent proton Single Event Effect (SEE) testing on a variety of COTS and non-COTs electronic devices and assemblies tested for the International Space Station (ISS) and other spaceflight programs. C1 [Allums, Kimberly K.; Nguyen, Kyson V.] NASA, ESCG Contract, Johnson Space Ctr, Elect Design & Manufacture Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [O'Neill, Patrick M.; Reddell, Brandon D.; Bailey, Charles R.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Elect Design & Mfg Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Allums, KK (reprint author), NASA, ESCG Contract, Johnson Space Ctr, Elect Design & Manufacture Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM Kimberly.k.allums@nasa.gov; Patrick.m.oneill@nasa.gov; Brandon.d.reddell@nasa.gov; Charles.r.bailey@nasa.gov; kyson.v.nguyen@nasaa.gov FU NASA Johnson Space Center FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Johnson Space Center. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4673-2732-9; 978-1-4673-2731-2 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BDA37 UT WOS:000312293800023 ER PT S AU Casey, MC Boutte, AJ Campola, MJ Carts, MA Wilcox, EP Marshall, CJ Phan, AM Pellish, JA Powell, WA Xapsos, MA AF Casey, Megan C. Boutte, Alvin J. Campola, Michael J. Carts, Martin A. Wilcox, Edward P. Marshall, Cheryl J. Phan, Anthony M. Pellish, Jonathan A. Powell, Wesley A. Xapsos, Michael A. GP IEEE TI A Comparison of High-Energy Electron and Cobalt-60 gamma-Ray Radiation Testing SO 2012 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) DE Radiation effects; total ionizing dose; spacecraft electronics; bipolar junction transistors; junction field effect transistors; hybrid devices ID LOW-DOSE-RATE; DEGRADATION; CIRCUITS AB In this paper, a comparison between the effects of irradiating microelectronics with high energy electrons and Cobalt-60 gamma-rays is examined. Additionally, the effect of electron energy is also discussed. A variety of part types are investigated, including discrete bipolar transistors, hybrids, and junction field effect transistors. C1 [Casey, Megan C.; Boutte, Alvin J.; Campola, Michael J.; Carts, Martin A.; Marshall, Cheryl J.; Pellish, Jonathan A.; Powell, Wesley A.; Xapsos, Michael A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 561-4,Bldg 22,Rm 058, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wilcox, Edward P.; Phan, Anthony M.] NASA, MEI Technol Inc, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Casey, MC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 561-4,Bldg 22,Rm 058, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM megan.c.casey@nasa.gov; alvin.j.boutte@nasa.gov; michael.j.campola@nasa.gov; martin.a.carts@nasa.gov; ted.wilcox@nasa.gov; cheryl.j.marshall@nasa.gov; anthony.m.phan@nasa.gov; jonathan.a.pellish@nasa.gov; wesley.a.powell@nasa.gov; michael.a.xapsos@nasa.gov FU NASA GSFC Internal Research and Development funds; NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP) FX This work was supported in part by the NASA GSFC Internal Research and Development funds and NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4673-2732-9; 978-1-4673-2731-2 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BDA37 UT WOS:000312293800018 ER PT S AU Chen, DK Topper, A Forney, J Triggs, B Kazmakites, T Pease, R Ladbury, R LaBel, K AF Chen, Dakai Topper, Alyson Forney, James Triggs, Brian Kazmakites, Tony Pease, Ronald Ladbury, Raymond LaBel, Kenneth GP IEEE TI Evaluation of Enhanced Low Dose Rate Sensitivity in Discrete Bipolar Junction Transistors SO 2012 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) ID GAIN DEGRADATION; HYDROGEN; CIRCUITS AB We evaluate the low dose rate sensitivity in several families of discrete bipolar transistors across device parameter, quality assurance level, and irradiation bias configuration. The 2N2222 showed the most significant low dose rate sensitivity, with low dose rate enhancement factor of x3.91 after 100 krad(Si). The 2N2907 also showed critical degradation levels. The devices irradiated at 10 mrad(Si)/s exceeded specifications after 40 and 50 krad(Si) for the 2N2222 and 2N2907 devices, respectively. C1 [Chen, Dakai; Ladbury, Raymond; LaBel, Kenneth] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Topper, Alyson; Forney, James] NASA, MEI Technol Inc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Triggs, Brian; Kazmakites, Tony] SEMICOA Corp, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Pease, Ronald] RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. RP Chen, DK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dakai.chen-1@nasa.gov; alyson.d.topper@nasa.gov; btriggs@semicoa.com; rlpease@hughes.net FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [11-4977I] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP) and Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO# 11-4977I. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4673-2732-9; 978-1-4673-2731-2 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BDA37 UT WOS:000312293800024 ER PT S AU Cochran, DJ Boutte, AJ Chen, DK Pellish, JA Ladbury, RL Casey, MC Campola, MJ Wilcox, EP O'Bryan, MV Label, KA Lauenstein, JM Batchelor, DA Oldham, TR AF Cochran, Donna J. Boutte, Alvin J. Chen, Dakai Pellish, Jonathan A. Ladbury, Raymond L. Casey, Megan C. Campola, Michael J. Wilcox, Edward P. O'Bryan, Martha V. Label, Kenneth A. Lauenstein, Jean-Marie Batchelor, David A. Oldham, Timothy R. GP IEEE TI Compendium of Total Ionizing Dose and Displacement Damage for Candidate Spacecraft Electronics for NASA SO 2012 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) DE Displacement Damage; Optoelectronics; Proton Damage; Single Event Effects; Total Ionizing Dose AB Vulnerability of a variety of candidate spacecraft electronics to total ionizing dose and displacement damage is studied. Devices tested include optoelectronics, digital, analog, linear, and hybrid devices. C1 [Cochran, Donna J.; Wilcox, Edward P.; O'Bryan, Martha V.] MEI Technol Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Boutte, Alvin J.; Chen, Dakai; Pellish, Jonathan A.; Ladbury, Raymond L.; Casey, Megan C.; Campola, Michael J.; Label, Kenneth A.; Lauenstein, Jean-Marie; Batchelor, David A.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wilcox, Edward P.; O'Bryan, Martha V.; Oldham, Timothy R.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Oldham, Timothy R.] Dell Perot Syst Govt Serv Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cochran, DJ (reprint author), MEI Technol Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. EM Donna.j.Cochran@nasa.gov; Alvn.j.Boutte@nasa.gov; Dakai.Chen-1@nasa.gov; Raymond.l.Ladbury@nasa.gov; Megan.c.Casey@nasa.gov; Michael.j.Campola@nasa.gov; Ted.Wilcox@nasa.gov; Martha.v.Obryan@nasa.gov; Kenneth.a.LaBel@nasa.gov; jean.m.lauenstein@nasa.gov; David.a.Batchelor@nasa.gov; Timothy.r.Oldham@nasa.gov FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP); NASA Flight Projects; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [11-4395I] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), NASA Flight Projects, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO# 11-4395I. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4673-2732-9; 978-1-4673-2731-2 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BDA37 UT WOS:000312293800031 ER PT S AU Guertin, SM Allen, GR Sheldon, DJ AF Guertin, Steven M. Allen, Gregory R. Sheldon, Douglas J. GP IEEE TI Programmatic Impact of SDRAM SEFI SO 2012 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) ID LASER AB The Elpida EDS5104(08)ABTA 512Mb SDRAM is examined for programmatic impact of SEE. Use cases for the devices including EDAC and mode register reload are examined. Results indicate some SEE mitigation methods require careful application to achieve system-level benefits, while some event types are essentially mitigated by the application use. In the studied devices, MBE and SEFI are identified and investigated as mechanisms requiring special consideration. C1 [Guertin, Steven M.; Allen, Gregory R.; Sheldon, Douglas J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Guertin, SM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM steven.m.guertin@jpl.nasa.gov; gregory.r.allen@jpl.nasa.gov; douglas.j.sheldon@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4673-2732-9; 978-1-4673-2731-2 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BDA37 UT WOS:000312293800016 ER PT S AU Irom, F Agarwal, SG AF Irom, Farokh Agarwal, Shri G. GP IEEE TI Compendium of Single-Event Latchup and Total Ionizing Dose Test Results of Commercial Analog to Digital Converters SO 2012 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) ID CATASTROPHIC LATCHUP AB This paper reports single-event latchup and total ionizing dose results for a variety of analog to digital converters targeted for possible use in NASA spacecraft. The compendium covers devices tested over the last 15 years. C1 [Irom, Farokh; Agarwal, Shri G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Irom, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM farokh.irom@jpl.nasa.gov; shri.g.agarwal@jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4673-2732-9 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2012 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BDA37 UT WOS:000312293800022 ER PT S AU Irom, F Nguyen, DN Allen, GR Zajac, SA AF Irom, Farokh Nguyen, Duc N. Allen, Gregory R. Zajac, Stephanie A. GP IEEE TI Scaling Effects in Highly Scaled Commercial Nonvolatile Flash Memories SO 2012 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) ID NAND; CELLS AB SEE measurements and TID response for 25 nm Micron Technology NAND flash memories are reported. Radiation results of MLC 64 Gb parts are compared with results from SLC 32 Gb parts. Also, scaling effects on SEE and TID are discussed. C1 [Irom, Farokh; Nguyen, Duc N.; Allen, Gregory R.; Zajac, Stephanie A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Irom, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM farokh.irom@jpl.nasa.gov; duc.n.nguyen@jpl.nasa.gov; gregory.r.allen@jpl.nasa.gov; stephanie.a.zajac@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4673-2732-9 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BDA37 UT WOS:000312293800014 ER PT S AU McClure, SS Harris, RD Rax, BG Thorbourn, DO AF McClure, Steven S. Harris, Richard D. Rax, Bernard G. Thorbourn, Dennis O. GP IEEE TI Characterization of Radiation Hardened Bipolar Linear Devices for High Total Dose Missions SO 2012 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) ID RATE SENSITIVITY; CIRCUITS AB Radiation hardened linear devices were characterized for performance in combined total dose and displacement damage environments for a mission scenario with a high radiation level. Performance at low and high dose rate for both biased and unbiased conditions are compared and the impact to hardness assurance methodology is discussed. C1 [McClure, Steven S.; Harris, Richard D.; Rax, Bernard G.; Thorbourn, Dennis O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP McClure, SS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM steven.mcclure@jpl.nasa.com; richard.d.harris@jpl.nasa.com; bernard.g.rax@jpl.nasa.com; richard.d.harris@jpl.nasa.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4673-2732-9 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BDA37 UT WOS:000312293800025 ER PT S AU Scheick, LZ AF Scheick, Leif Z. GP IEEE TI Recent Power MOSFET Single Event Testing Results SO 2012 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) is Part of the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 16-20, 2012 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc (IEEE) AB The results of recent Single Event Effect (SEE) testing of newly available power MOSFETS are presented. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Scheick, LZ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM leif.z.scheick@jpl.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4673-2732-9 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BDA37 UT WOS:000312293800027 ER PT S AU Tankosic, D Abbas, MM AF Tankosic, D. Abbas, M. M. BE Kuraica, M Mijatovic, Z TI Laboratory Studies of Charging Properties of Dust Grains in Astrophysical/Planetary Environments SO 26TH SUMMER SCHOOL AND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE PHYSICS OF IONIZED GASES (SPIG 2012) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Summer School and International Symposium on the Physics of Ionized Gases (SPIG) CY AUG 27-31, 2012 CL Zrenjanin, SERBIA SP Sci & Technol Dev Republ Serbia, Minist Educ, Prov Secretariat Sci & Technol Dev, Inst Francais Serbie, Biser Zrenjanin ID EMISSIONS; PARTICLES AB Dust grains immersed in ambient plasmas and radiation, are charged and coupled to the plasma through electric and magnetic fields. Dust grains in various astrophysical/planetary environments are generally charged by: (a) photoelectric emissions with incident radiation at photon energies higher than the work function of the material and (b) sticking of low energy electrons and ions of the surrounding plasma or by secondary electron emissions induced by incident electrons/ions at sufficiently high energies. Consequenly, the particle charge is an important parameter that influences physical and dynamical processes in the interplanetary and interstellar medium, planetary rings, interstellar dust clouds, comets and the outer atmospheres of planets. The charging properties of individual micron-size dust grains are expected to be substantially different from the bulk materials. However, no viable models for calculation of the charging properties of individual micron size dust grains are available at the present time. Currently, very limited experimental data are available for charging of individual micron-size dust grains. In this paper we give a review of the results of the measurements on charging of analogs of the interstellar as well as Apollo 11 and 17 lunar dust grains carried out on the Electrodynamic Balance Facility at the NASA-MSFC. C1 [Tankosic, D.] NASA MSFC, NASA Postdocotral Program, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. [Abbas, M. M.] NASA MSFC, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Tankosic, D (reprint author), NASA MSFC, NASA Postdocotral Program, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. EM Dragana.Tankosic-1@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 399 AR 012024 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/399/1/012024 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDA07 UT WOS:000312261700024 ER PT S AU O'Dell, SL Aldcroft, TL Atkins, C Button, TW Cotroneo, V Davis, WN Doel, P Feldman, CH Freeman, MD Gubarev, MV Johnson-Wilke, RL Kolodziejczak, JJ Lillie, CF Michette, AG Ramsey, BD Reid, PB Sanmartin, DR Saha, TT Schwartz, DA Trolier-McKinstry, SE Ulmer, MP Wilke, RHT Willingale, R Zhang, WW AF O'Dell, Stephen L. Aldcroft, Thomas L. Atkins, Carolyn Button, Timothy W. Cotroneo, Vincenzo Davis, William N. Doel, Peter Feldman, Charlotte H. Freeman, Mark D. Gubarev, Mikhail V. Johnson-Wilke, Raegan L. Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Lillie, Charles F. Michette, Alan G. Ramsey, Brian D. Reid, Paul B. Sanmartin, Daniel Rodriguez Saha, Timo T. Schwartz, Daniel A. Trolier-McKinstry, Susan E. Ulmer, Melville P. Wilke, Rudeger H. T. Willingale, Richard Zhang, William W. BE Khounsary, AM ODell, SL Bifano, TG TI Toward active x-ray telescopes II SO ADAPTIVE X-RAY OPTICS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive X-Ray Optics II CY AUG 14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray telescopes; x-ray optics; active optics; adjustable optics; bimorph actuators; piezoelectric devices; electrostrictive devices; magnetostrictive devices ID CHANDRA AB In the half century since the initial discovery of an astronomical (non-solar) x-ray source, the observation time required to achieve a given sensitivity has decreased by eight orders of magnitude. Largely responsible for this dramatic progress has been the refinement of the (grazing-incidence) focusing x-ray telescope, culminating with the exquisite sub-arcsecond imaging performance of the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The future of x-ray astronomy relies upon the development of x-ray telescopes with larger aperture areas (> 1 m(2)) and comparable or finer angular resolution (< 1 ''). Combined with the special requirements of grazing-incidence optics, the mass and envelope constraints of space-borne telescopes render such advances technologically challenging-requiring precision fabrication, alignment, and assembly of large areas (> 200 m(2)) of lightweight (approximate to 1 kg m(-2) areal density) mirrors. Achieving precise and stable alignment and figure control may entail active (in-space adjustable) x-ray optics. This paper discusses relevant programmatic and technological issues and summarizes current progress toward active x-ray telescopes. C1 [O'Dell, Stephen L.; Gubarev, Mikhail V.; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.; Ramsey, Brian D.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP O'Dell, SL (reprint author), NASA MSFC ZP12, 320 Sparkman Dr NW, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM stephen.l.odell@nasa.gov OI O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056; Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9220-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8503 AR 850307 DI 10.1117/12.930090 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCZ42 UT WOS:000312165200005 ER PT S AU Gubarev, MV Merthe, DJ Kilaru, K Kester, T Eng, R Ramsey, B McKinney, WR Takacs, PZ Yashchuk, VV AF Gubarev, Mikhail V. Merthe, Daniel J. Kilaru, Kiranmayee Kester, Thomas Eng, Ron Ramsey, Brian McKinney, Wayne R. Takacs, Peter Z. Yashchuk, Valeriy V. BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Asundi, AK TI Progress of multi-beam long trace-profiler development SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics IV CY AUG 12, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Long trace profiler; optical metrology; x-ray optics metrology; multi-beam profiler; surface profile measurement; Grazing incidence X-ray optics; X-ray mandrel metrology ID MIRRORS AB The multi-beam long trace profiler (LTP) under development at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center[ 1] is designed to increase the efficiency of metrology of replicated X-ray optics. The traditional LTP operates on a single laser beam that scans along the test surface to detect the slope errors. While capable of exceptional surface slope accuracy, the LTP single beam scanning has slow measuring speed. As metrology constitutes a significant fraction of the time spent in optics production, an increase in the efficiency of metrology helps in decreasing the cost of fabrication of the x-ray optics and in improving their quality. Metrology efficiency can be increased by replacing the single laser beam with multiple beams that can scan a section of the test surface at a single instance. The increase in speed with such a system would be almost proportional to the number of laser beams. A collaborative feasibility study has been made and specifications were fixed for a multi-beam long trace profiler. The progress made in the development of this metrology system is presented. C1 [Gubarev, Mikhail V.; Kilaru, Kiranmayee; Kester, Thomas; Eng, Ron; Ramsey, Brian] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Merthe, Daniel J.; McKinney, Wayne R.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Takacs, Peter Z.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gubarev, MV (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Mikhail.V.Gubarev@nasa.gov RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 FU MSFC's technology investment program; LLC with the U. S. Department of Energy [DE- AC02- 98CH10886]; U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Material Science Division; U. S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE- AC02- 05CH11231]; United States Government FX We would like to acknowledge the partial funding available for this work from MSFC's technology investment program. Also, acknowledgements to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for providing the LTP control software code in order to speed up the development process. This manuscript has been authored, in part, by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE- AC02- 98CH10886 with the U. S. Department of Energy. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Material Science Division, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE- AC02- 05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.; This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or The Regents of the University of California. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9218-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8501 AR 85010B DI 10.1117/12.930056 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCZ43 UT WOS:000312165300010 ER PT S AU Zhang, N Millane, RP Enevoldson, E Murray, JE AF Zhang, Ni Millane, Rick P. Enevoldson, Einar Murray, James E. BE Bones, PJ Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI Determining wind fields in atmospheric mountain waves using sailplane flight data SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM INCOMPLETE DATA VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data VII CY AUG 14-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Maximum a posteriori; wind velocity; aircraft; sailplane; mountain wave; atmospheric wave AB The problem of estimating wind velocities from limited flight data recordings is considered, with application to sailplane flights in high-altitude atmospheric mountain waves. Sailplane flight recorders routinely measure only GPS position and the problem is highly underdetermined. The nature of this problem is studied and a maximum a posteriori estimator is developed using prior information on the wind velocity and the sailplane airspeed and heading. The method is tested by simulation and by application to sailplane flight data. C1 [Zhang, Ni; Millane, Rick P.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Computat Imaging Grp, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Enevoldson, Einar; Murray, James E.] NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwardsville, IL 93523 USA. RP Zhang, N (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Computat Imaging Grp, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM rick.millane@canterbury.ac.nz NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9217-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8500 AR 85000S DI 10.1117/12.930928 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCZ41 UT WOS:000312165100025 ER PT S AU Becklin, EE Gehrz, RD Roellig, TL AF Becklin, E. E. Gehrz, R. D. Roellig, T. L. BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XX CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Infrared astronomy; infrared spectroscopy; airborne astronomy; SOFIA; NASA ID 1ST SCIENCE OBSERVATIONS; ORION-NEBULA; SOFIA/FORCAST; EMISSION; OH AB The joint U.S. and German Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), a program to develop and operate a 2.5-meter infrared airborne telescope in a Boeing 747SP, has obtained first science with the FORCAST camera in the 5 to 40 micron spectral region and the GREAT heterodyne spectrometer in the 130 to 240 micron spectral region. We briefly review the characteristics and status of the observatory. Spectacular science results on regions of star formation will be discussed. The FORCAST images show several discoveries and the potential for determining how massive stars form in our Galaxy. The GREAT heterodyne spectrometer has made mapping observations of the [C II] line at 158 microns, high J CO lines, and other molecular lines including SH. The HIPO high speed photometer and the high speed camera FDC were used to observe the 2011 June 23 UT stellar occultation by Pluto. C1 [Becklin, E. E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Ctr, MS 232, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gehrz, R. D.] Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Roellig, T. L.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, MS 94035 USA. RP Becklin, EE (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Ctr, MS 232, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ebecklin@sofia.usra.edu FU "Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA),"SPIE [7453, 745302 (2009) 23] FX We thank the entire SOFIA team for their tireless work on the SOFIA project. Portions of the text describing the facility and its status are updated versions of material previously published by Becklin and Gehrz, "Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA),"SPIE, 7453, 745302 (2009) 23. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9228-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8511 AR 85110B DI 10.1117/12.931308 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BCZ40 UT WOS:000312165000010 ER PT S AU Greer, F Baker, L Cook, S Fisher, A Keo, S Soibel, A Khoshakhlagh, A Nguyen, J Ting, D Gunapala, S AF Greer, Frank Baker, L. Cook, S. Fisher, A. Keo, S. Soibel, A. Khoshakhlagh, Arezou Nguyen, J. Ting, D. Gunapala, S. BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Fundamental Interface Studies of GaSb and InAs Substrates with Atomic Layer Deposition SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XX CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Long Wavelength infrared photodetectors based on Type-II superlattices from the 6.1 angstrom system hold great promise for a wide variety of applications. However, as these materials are fabricated into focal plane arrays for real world applications, the small pixel sizes that are required can result in unacceptably high dark current due to a significant contribution of surface-induced leakage. These surface currents could be substantially reduced or even eliminated by the application of an appropriate passivation material. But, while a considerable amount of effort has gone into developing passivation processes and materials for these detectors (e. g. PECVD SiO2, polyimides, etc.), there is no one widely adopted standard technique in use today. Atomic layer deposition has the possibility of being an excellent method for depositing passivation because of the wide variety of materials that are readily available via ALD, the ability to precisely tune both surface and dielectric properties, and the ability to conformally coat arbitrary topographies that may be found in the patterning of LWIR FPAs. In this work, fundamental materials characterization results will be presented for two wide band gap, high-K dielectrics (Titanium Oxide and Hafnium Oxide) looking at their nucleation and growth behavior on substrates of relevant III-V materials such as GaSb and InAs using ellispometry and XPS. These results are compared to more conventional passivation strategies to highlight the unique features of the ALD technique. C1 [Greer, Frank; Baker, L.; Cook, S.; Fisher, A.; Keo, S.; Soibel, A.; Khoshakhlagh, Arezou; Nguyen, J.; Ting, D.; Gunapala, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Greer, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9228-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8511 AR 851108 DI 10.1117/12.930084 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BCZ40 UT WOS:000312165000007 ER PT S AU Nguyen, J Gill, J Rafol, SB Soibel, A Khoskhlagh, A Ting, D Keo, S Fisher, A Luong, E Liu, J Mumolo, J Gunapala, SD AF Jean Nguyen Gill, John Rafol, Sir B. Soibel, Alexander Khoskhlagh, Arezou Ting, David Keo, Sam Fisher, Anita Luong, Edward Liu, John Mumolo, Jason Gunapala, Sarath D. BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Inductively coupled plasma etching for delineation of InAs/GaSb pixels SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XX CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE inductively coupled (ICP) plasma dry etching; superlattice detectors; long wavelength infrared; focal plane array; InAs/GaSb ID INP AB We developed 320x256 Complimentary Barrier Infrared (CBIRD) focal plane array (FPA) for long wave infrared (LWIR) imaging application. The FPA layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) had 300 periods 1.9 mu m thick absorber. The CBIRD arrays showed the mean dark current density of 2.2 x 10(-4) A/cm(2), when 128 mV bias voltage was applied. The long wave cut off was observed at 8.8 mu m at the 50 % peak and the maximum quantum efficiency was 54 % at 5.6 mu m. The arrays had 81 % fill factor with 97 % operability with noise equivalent difference temperature (NE Delta T) of 18.6 mK and a mean detectivity of D*=1.3 x 10(11) Hz(1/2)/W. C1 [Jean Nguyen; Gill, John; Rafol, Sir B.; Soibel, Alexander; Khoskhlagh, Arezou; Ting, David; Keo, Sam; Fisher, Anita; Luong, Edward; Liu, John; Mumolo, Jason; Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nguyen, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9228-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8511 AR 851103 DI 10.1117/12.930046 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BCZ40 UT WOS:000312165000003 ER PT S AU Johnson, WR Hook, SJ Foote, M Eng, BT Jau, B AF Johnson, William R. Hook, Simon J. Foote, Marc Eng, Bjorn T. Jau, Bruno BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Infrared instrument support for HyspIRI-TIR SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XX CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE imaging; spectroscopy; Multi-spectral; MCT; thermal; LWIR AB The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is currently developing an end-to-end instrument which will provide a proof of concept prototype vehicle for a high data rate, multi-channel, thermal instrument in support of the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI)-Thermal Infrared (TIR) space mission. HyspIRI mission was recommended by the National Research Council Decadal Survey (DS). The HyspIRI mission includes a visible shortwave infrared (SWIR) pushboom spectrometer and a multispectral whiskbroom thermal infrared (TIR) imager. The prototype testbed instrument addressed in this effort will only support the TIR. Data from the HyspIRI mission will be used to address key science questions related to the Solid Earth and Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems focus areas of the NASA Science Mission Directorate. Current designs for the HyspIRI-TIR space borne imager utilize eight spectral bands delineated with filters. The system will have 60m ground resolution, 200mK NEDT, 0.5C absolute temperature resolution with a 5-day repeat from LEO orbit. The prototype instrument will use mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) technology at the focal plane array in time delay integration mode. A custom read out integrated circuit (ROIC) will provide the high speed readout hence high data rates needed for the 5 day repeat. The current HyspIRI requirements dictate a ground knowledge measurement of 30m, so the prototype instrument will tackle this problem with a newly developed interferometeric metrology system. This will provide an absolute measurement of the scanning mirror to an order of magnitude better than conventional optical encoders. This will minimize the reliance on ground control points hence minimizing post-processing (e.g. geo-rectification computations). C1 [Johnson, William R.; Hook, Simon J.; Foote, Marc; Eng, Bjorn T.; Jau, Bruno] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Johnson, WR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM William.R.Johnson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9228-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8511 AR 851102 DI 10.1117/12.929091 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BCZ40 UT WOS:000312165000002 ER PT S AU Rafol, SB Gunapala, SD Ting, DZ Soibel, A Khoshakhlagh, A Nguyen, J Hoeglund, L Liu, JK Mumolo, JM Keo, SA Luong, EM AF Rafol, S. B. Gunapala, S. D. Ting, D. Z. Soibel, A. Khoshakhlagh, A. Nguyen, J. Hoeglund, L. Liu, J. K. Mumolo, J. M. Keo, S. A. Luong, E. M. BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Characterization of Type II SLS n-CBIRD Focal Plane Array SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XX CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Type II SLS; n-CBIRD; FPA; Temporal NEDT; MTF AB New generation of focal plane arrays (FPAs) based on type II SLS, which are hybrids of detector array and Read Out Integrated Circuits (ROIC), present extraordinary challenge to characterize. The standard performance metrics are: temporal NE Delta T, noise equivalent irradiance (NEI), quantum efficiency, dark current and modulation transfer function (MTF). Imaging system modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is an important quantitative metric of performance in spatial domain, but it is rarely reported in the literature especially for type II SLS. MTF measurement is believed to be a good metric of performance for camera systems in addition to standard performance parameters. The paper will report on the characterization of complimentary barrier infrared detector n-CBIRD FPA. C1 [Rafol, S. B.; Gunapala, S. D.; Ting, D. Z.; Soibel, A.; Khoshakhlagh, A.; Nguyen, J.; Hoeglund, L.; Liu, J. K.; Mumolo, J. M.; Keo, S. A.; Luong, E. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rafol, SB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9228-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8511 AR 851107 DI 10.1117/12.930200 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BCZ40 UT WOS:000312165000006 ER PT S AU Ramanathan, A Numata, K Wu, ST Li, SX Dawsey, MW Mao, JP Kawa, SR Riris, H AF Ramanathan, Anand Numata, Kenji Wu, Stewart T. L, Steven X., I Dawsey, Martha W. Mao, Jianping Kawa, Stephan R. Riris, Haris BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Airborne measurement of atmospheric methane concentration using pulsed lidar SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XX CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE LIDAR; methane; airborne; pulsed; greenhouse gas monitoring ID CO2; RETRIEVALS; ABSORPTION; SOUNDER; SPACE; GOSAT; IASI AB We demonstrate the airborne measurement of atmospheric methane using a pulsed lidar at 1650 nm using an integrated path differential absorption scheme. Our seeded nanosecond-pulsed optical parametric amplifier (OPA)-based instrument works up to the highest altitudes flown (> 10 km). Our airborne measurements are in good agreement with the expected atmospheric absorption. The difference between the measured absorption expressed in terms of the differential optical depth (DOD) and the predicted DOD calculated using Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) data is 0.027 +/- 0.038 (standard deviation), with the DOD ranging from 0.5 to 2. For large sections of the flight, the measured absorption profile agrees within 2% rms of the predicted absorption profile. Overall, the retrieved atmospheric methane concentration lies within 11% of the true concentration, the latter estimated from our onboard insitu Picarro cavity ring down spectrometer. C1 [Ramanathan, Anand; Numata, Kenji; Wu, Stewart T.; L, Steven X., I; Dawsey, Martha W.; Mao, Jianping; Kawa, Stephan R.; Riris, Haris] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ramanathan, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anand.ramanathan@nasa.gov; haris.riris-1@nasa.gov RI Riris, Haris/D-1004-2013; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; OI Ramanathan, Anand/0000-0002-1865-0904 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9228-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8511 AR 85110E DI 10.1117/12.929990 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BCZ40 UT WOS:000312165000012 ER PT S AU Soibel, A Luong, E Mumolo, JM Liu, J Rafol, SB Keo, SA Johnson, W Willson, D Hill, CJ Ting, DZY Gunapala, SD AF Soibel, Alexander Luong, Ed Mumolo, Jason M. Liu, John Rafol, Sir B. Keo, Sam A. Johnson, William Willson, Dan Hill, Cory J. Ting, David Z. -Y. Gunapala, Sarath D. BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Multi-color QWIP FPAs for Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Instruments SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XX CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE infrared detectors; infrared FPA; Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIPs) ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; BROAD-BAND; WAVELENGTH AB Infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) covering broad mid-and long-IR spectral ranges are the central parts of the spectroscopic and imaging instruments in several Earth and planetary science missions. To be implemented in the space instrument these FPAs need to be large-format, uniform, reproducible, low-cost, low 1/f noise, and radiation hard. Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIPs), which possess all needed characteristics, have a great potential for implementation in the space instruments. However a standard QWIP has only a relatively narrow spectral coverage. A multi-color QWIP, which is compromised of two or more detector stacks, can to be used to cover the broad spectral range of interest. We will discuss our recent work on development of multi-color QWIP for Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer instruments. We developed QWIP compromising of two stacks centered at 9 and 10.5 mu m, and featuring 9 grating regions optimized to maximize the responsivity in the individual subbands across the 7.5-12 mu m spectral range. The demonstrated 1024x1024 QWIP FPA exhibited excellent performance with operability exceeding 99% and noise equivalent differential temperature of less than 15 mK across the entire 7.5-12 mu m spectral range. C1 [Soibel, Alexander; Luong, Ed; Mumolo, Jason M.; Liu, John; Rafol, Sir B.; Keo, Sam A.; Johnson, William; Willson, Dan; Hill, Cory J.; Ting, David Z. -Y.; Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Soibel, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9228-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8511 AR 851105 DI 10.1117/12.929355 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BCZ40 UT WOS:000312165000005 ER PT S AU Susskind, J Molnar, G Iredell, L Rosenberg, R AF Susskind, Joel Molnar, Gyula Iredell, Lena Rosenberg, Robert BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Recent Advances in Improvement of Forecast Skill and Understanding Climate Processes Using AIRS Version-5 Products SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XX CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE AIRS/AMSU; high spectral resolution IR sounders; IR sounding in cloudy conditions; clear column radiances; quality control; data assimilation; climate processes; El Nino; OLR ID CLOUDY ATMOSPHERES AB The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) generates products derived from AIRS/AMSU-A observations, starting from September 2002 when the AIRS instrument became stable, using the AIRS Science Team Version-5 retrieval algorithm. This paper shows results of some of our research using Version-5 products from the points of view of improving forecast skill as well as aiding in the understanding of climate processes. C1 [Susskind, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Molnar, Gyula] Morgan State Univ GESTAR, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Iredell, Lena; Rosenberg, Robert] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Susskind, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9228-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8511 AR 85110Q DI 10.1117/12.930998 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BCZ40 UT WOS:000312165000022 ER PT S AU Ting, DZ Keo, SA Liu, JK Mumolo, JM Khoshakhlagh, A Soibel, A Nguyen, J Hoglund, L Rafol, SB Hill, CJ Gunapala, SD AF Ting, David Z. Keo, Sam A. Liu, John K. Mumolo, Jason M. Khoshakhlagh, Arezou Soibel, Alexander Jean Nguyen Hoeglund, Linda Rafol, Sir B. Hill, Cory J. Gunapala, Sarath D. BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Barrier infrared detector research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XX CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE infrared detector; superlattice; heterostructure; photodetector; quantum dot; unipolar barrier ID SUPER-LATTICE; SUPERLATTICES; PHOTODIODES; PHOTODETECTORS; PERFORMANCE AB The barrier infrared detector device architecture offers the advantage of reduced dark current resulting from suppressed Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination and surface leakage. The versatility of the antimonide material system, with the availability of three different types of band offsets for flexibility in device design, provides the ideal setting for implementing barrier infrared detectors. In particular, heterostructure designs that make effective use of unipolar barriers have demonstrated strong reduction of G-R dark current. In this work, we describe the progress made at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in recent years in barrier infrared detector research that resulted in high-performance quantum structure infrared detectors, including the type-II superlattice complementary barrier infrared detector (CBIRD), and the high operating quantum dot barrier infrared detector (QD-BIRD). C1 [Ting, David Z.; Keo, Sam A.; Liu, John K.; Mumolo, Jason M.; Khoshakhlagh, Arezou; Soibel, Alexander; Jean Nguyen; Hoeglund, Linda; Rafol, Sir B.; Hill, Cory J.; Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Sensors, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ting, DZ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Sensors, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM David.Z.Ting@jpl.nasa.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9228-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8511 AR 851104 DI 10.1117/12.929810 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BCZ40 UT WOS:000312165000004 ER PT J AU Kapoor, B Sherif, J AF Kapoor, Bhushan Sherif, Joseph TI Human resources in an enriched environment of business intelligence SO KYBERNETES LA English DT Article DE International business; Human resource management; Data management; Global databases; Multinational organizations; Business intelligence; Information management AB Purpose - While many organizations are starting to use business intelligence (BI) in many areas of their businesses and make substantial gains, they have taken little advantage of this in the human resources (FIR) management area. The purpose of this paper is to advance BI and data analytics technologies as precursors to the design of HR management protocols and database strategies. Design/methodology/approach - The paper discusses the fact that the increasing prevalence of globalization is driven by a number of factors including growing consumers in developing countries, technological progress, and worldwide workforce diversity. HR departments of global companies must implement BI techniques and assemble global databases that obtain information such as employee's attrition and hiring, compensation and benefits, ethnic, gender, cultural, and nationality distributions. By applying advanced analytical techniques on the global database, human resources professionals will acquire intelligent business insight, predict changes and make informed decisions at operational and strategic levels. Findings - The business environment is constantly evolving into a more complex system and with global competition, decision making in organizations has become increasingly intricate and convoluted. This creates challenges for global organizations' HR departments to manage a workforce diverse in cultures, time zones, expertise, benefits and compensations. Practical implications Only those multinational enterprises. willing to adapt their human resource practices to the changing global labor market conditions will be able to attract and retain high performing employees. BI and data analytics can aid in making informed decisions based on knowledge extracted from the data and options at hand. Organizations that have successfully implemented BI are able to make decisions quickly and with more accuracy. They have better and faster access to the key activities and processes that the organizations and its functional departments must pursue to meet their goals and objectives. Originality/value - The paper tackles one of the most critical problems of educating multinational enterprises to adapt their HR practices to the changing global labor market conditions. By incorporating Bland data analytics in the design of HRM protocols and database strategies they can attract, develop and retain high performing employees and succeed in the global business competition. C1 [Kapoor, Bhushan; Sherif, Joseph] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. [Sherif, Joseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Kapoor, B (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. EM bkapoor@fullerton.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 39 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0368-492X EI 1758-7883 J9 KYBERNETES JI Kybernetes PY 2012 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1625 EP 1637 DI 10.1108/03684921211276792 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA 055RJ UT WOS:000312434100018 ER PT J AU Lombardi-Carlson, LA Cook, M Lyon, H Barnett, B Bullock, L AF Lombardi-Carlson, Linda A. Cook, Melissa Lyon, Hope Barnett, Beverly Bullock, Lew TI A Description of Age, Growth, and Reproductive Life History Traits of Scamps from the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID MYCTEROPERCA-PHENAX; OOCYTE GROWTH; FISHES; TELEOSTS; GROUPER; SIZE; HERMAPHRODITISM; SERRANIDAE; ATLANTIC; CRITERIA AB We present the first comprehensive description of the age, growth, and reproductive life history traits of scamps Mycteroperca phenax from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Scamps were collected from commercial and recreational vessels along the northern Gulf of Mexico in 1972-2002. Scamp age was determined using thin transverse sections of sagittal otoliths; growth increments were difficult to interpret, and age was estimated for only 85% of the 5,383 otolith sections we examined. Scamps sampled from the commercial and recreational fisheries ranged from 109 to 890 mm fork length (FL) and from 1 to 31 years of age. We fitted annual ages and observed FLs to two different von Bertalanffy growth models (standard and size-modified models). The size-modified model considered the effect of the size limit but resulted in growth parameters similar to those of the standard model (asymptotic length L-infinity = 772 mm FL; growth rate k = 0.09 mm/year). Histology confirmed that scamps are protogynous hermaphrodites; gonadosomatic index data indicated a prolonged spawning season (January-June, peaking in April). Females reached maturity at a median FL of 332 mm and a median age of 2 years. Scamp sizes sampled from the fisheries were similar for males (221-870 mm FL) and females (109-878 mm FL), but the larger size-classes and older age-classes were mostly composed of males. The scamp population in the northern Gulf of Mexico has never been assessed, and our data provide highly valuable model inputs. C1 [Lombardi-Carlson, Linda A.; Lyon, Hope; Barnett, Beverly] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Cook, Melissa] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Bullock, Lew] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lombardi-Carlson, LA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM linda.lombardi@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of Commerce FX Our sincere gratitude is extended to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, for providing the data collected in the earliest years and to Mark Godcharles (National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Regional Office; retired) as the co-project investigator for that period. We also thank the reviewers and subject editor for their comments and advice. Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 129 EP 144 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.675965 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400011 ER PT S AU Berriman, GB Hanisch, RJ Lazio, TJW Szalay, A Fabbiano, G AF Berriman, G. Bruce Hanisch, Robert J. Lazio, T. Joseph W. Szalay, Alexander Fabbiano, Giuseppina BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI The organization and management of the Virtual Astronomical Observatory SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy V CY JUL 01-03, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE virtual observatory; management; distributed organization AB The U.S. Virtual Astronomical Observatory (VAO; http://www.us-vao.org/) has been in operation since May 2010. Its goal is to enable new science through efficient integration of distributed multi-wavelength data. This paper describes the management and organization of the VAO, and emphasizes the techniques used to ensure efficiency in a distributed organization. Management methods include using an annual program plan as the basis for establishing contracts with member organizations, regular communication, and monitoring of processes. C1 [Berriman, G. Bruce] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, 770 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hanisch, Robert J.] US Virtual Astron Observ, 1400 16th St NW,Suite 730, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Szalay, Alexander] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lazio, T. Joseph W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 138 308, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Fabbiano, Giuseppina] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Berriman, GB (reprint author), CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, 770 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. FU US Virtual Astronomical Observatory; National Science Foundation [AST- 0834235]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This paper describes work done with the support of the US Virtual Astronomical Observatory. The VAO is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation ( under Cooperative Agreement AST- 0834235) and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The VAO is managed by the VAO, LLC, a non- profit 501( c)( 3) organization registered in the District of Columbia and a collaborative effort of the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy ( AURA) and the Associated Universities, Inc. ( AUI). Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9150-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8449 AR 84490H DI 10.1117/12.926605 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BCZ67 UT WOS:000312226800016 ER PT S AU Khaykovich, B Liu, DZ Resta, G Moncton, DE Gubarev, MV AF Khaykovich, Boris Liu, Dazhi Resta, Giacomo Moncton, David E. Gubarev, Mikhail V. BE Winston, R Gordon, JM TI On the challenge of flux concentration at grazing incidence for neutrons and x-rays SO NONIMAGING OPTICS: EFFICIENT DESIGN FOR ILLUMINATION AND SOLAR CONCENTRATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonimaging Optics - Efficient Design for Illumination and Solar Concentration IX CY AUG 12-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Neutron optics; x-ray optics; grazing incidence optics; nonimaging optics; flux collection AB Designing optical systems for concentrating the flux of thermal neutrons and x-rays is severely constrained by the requirement of grazing incidence, i.e., the exceedingly small angles for total external reflection at mirror surfaces. As a result, the design principles established for non-imaging (i.e. flux concentrators) optics for visible light must be reconsidered. We present new concepts for improving the attainable flux density from neutron sources. In particular, we show how nested axisymmetric mirror systems including up to three reflections can achieve significantly higher concentrations. C1 [Khaykovich, Boris; Liu, Dazhi; Moncton, David E.] MIT, Nucl Reactor Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Resta, Giacomo; Moncton, David E.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gubarev, Mikhail V.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Khaykovich, B (reprint author), MIT, Nucl Reactor Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM bkh@mit.edu RI Khaykovich, Boris/A-7376-2012; Liu, Dazhi/G-2675-2013 OI Khaykovich, Boris/0000-0002-9490-2771; Liu, Dazhi/0000-0002-7604-6940 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-09ER46556, DE-FG0209ER46557] FX We thank N. Ostroumov and Professors J. Gordon and D. Feuermann for discussions. Research supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Awards # DE-FG02-09ER46556 and DE-FG0209ER46557. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9202-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8485 AR 848509 DI 10.1117/12.929328 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCZ66 UT WOS:000312226700008 ER PT S AU Allured, R Okajima, T Soufli, R Fernandez-Perea, M Daly, RO Marlowe, H Griffiths, ST Pivovaroff, MJ Kaaret, P AF Allured, Ryan Okajima, Takashi Soufli, Regina Fernandez-Perea, Monica Daly, Ryan O. Marlowe, Hannah Griffiths, Scott T. Pivovaroff, Michael J. Kaaret, Philip BE Gregory, GG Davis, AJ TI An Examination of the Sensitivity and Systematic Error of the NASA GEMS Bragg Reflection Polarimeter Using Monte-Carlo Simulations SO NOVEL OPTICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization XV CY AUG 15-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Polarimetry; GEMS; BRP; Bragg Reflection Polarimeter; Systematic Error; Minimum Detectable Polarization ID X-RAY-POLARIZATION AB The Bragg Reflection Polarimeter (BRP) on the NASA Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer Mission is designed to measure the linear polarization of astrophysical sources in a narrow band centered at about 500 eV. X-rays are focused by Wolter I mirrors through a 4.5 m focal length to a time projection chamber (TPC) polarimeter, sensitive between 2-10 keV. In this optical path lies the BRP multilayer reflector at a nominal 45 degree incidence angle. The reflector reflects soft X-rays to the BRP detector and transmits hard X-rays to the TPC. As the spacecraft rotates about the optical axis, the reflected count rate will vary depending on the polarization of the incident beam. However, false polarization signals may be produced due to misalignments and spacecraft pointing wobble. Monte-Carlo simulations have been carried out, showing that the false modulation is below the statistical uncertainties for the expected focal plane offsets of less than or similar to 2 mm. C1 [Allured, Ryan; Daly, Ryan O.; Marlowe, Hannah; Griffiths, Scott T.; Kaaret, Philip] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Soufli, Regina; Fernandez-Perea, Monica; Pivovaroff, Michael J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Okajima, Takashi] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Allured, R (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. RI Pivovaroff, Michael/M-7998-2014 OI Pivovaroff, Michael/0000-0001-6780-6816 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Liver more National Laboratory [DE-AC5207NA27344]; University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC0376F00098]; NASA [NNX08AY58G] FX This work was performed under he auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Liver more National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC5207NA27344 and by the University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-AC0376F00098.Ryan Allured and Philip Kaaret acknowledge partial support from NASA grant NNX08AY58G. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9204-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8487 AR 848703 DI 10.1117/12.930065 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCZ54 UT WOS:000312205500003 ER PT S AU Evans, T Lehan, J Chavez, H AF Evans, Tyler Lehan, John Chavez, Hector BE Sasian, J Youngworth, RN TI Alignment solutions for the Optical Development System Lab for the ATLAS instrument SO OPTICAL SYSTEM ALIGNMENT, TOLERANCING, AND VERIFICATION VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification VI CY AUG 12-13, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ICESat-2; ATLAS; GSFC; Alignment; ODS ID LASER TRANSMITTER; ALTIMETER AB The ATLAS Instrument for the ICESat-2 mission at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center requires a test-bed to prove out new concepts before the mission launches in 2016. The Optical Development System (ODS) laboratory was created to use breadboard, prototype, and engineering-model levels of hardware and software to model and evaluate the ATLAS alignment system. A one meter parabolic mirror was used to create a collimated light beam to align prototype and engineering model transmitter and receiver optics and test closed-loop alignment algorithms. To achieve an error of less than two micro-radians, an active deformable mirror was used to correct the wave front to subtract out the collimator mount error. C1 [Evans, Tyler; Lehan, John] SGT Inc, 7701 Greenbelt Rd Suite 400, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Chavez, Hector] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Evans, T (reprint author), SGT Inc, 7701 Greenbelt Rd Suite 400, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM tyler.evans@nasa.gov FU ICESat- 2 Project; ATLAS FX I would like to thank the ICESat- 2 Project and the ATLAS instrument for funding this work. I would also like to thank my employer Stinger Ghafarian Technologies, SGT Inc. Finally, thanks to the following members of the ATLAS team who helped make all this work possible: Meshack Aduwu, Ray Boucarut, Gordon Bowers, Jim Buchheit, Tom Correll, Aprille Ericsson, Amani Ginyard, Alan Gostin, Theodore Hadjimichael, Mike Hersh, Mike Mulloney, and Luis RamosIzquierdo. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9208-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8491 AR 849109 DI 10.1117/12.930306 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCZ57 UT WOS:000312209900006 ER PT S AU Abraham, NS Hasegawa, MM Straka, SA AF Abraham, Nithin S. Hasegawa, Mark M. Straka, Sharon A. BE Straka, SA Carosso, N Egges, J TI Development and Testing of Molecular Adsorber Coatings SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination - Effects, Measurements, and Control CY AUG 13, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE molecular adsorber coating; adsorption; adsorptive capacity; molecular capacitance; on-orbit molecular contamination; outgassing; thermal coating AB The effect of on-orbit molecular contamination has the potential to degrade the performance of spaceflight hardware and diminish the lifetime of the spacecraft. For example, sensitive surfaces, such as optical surfaces, electronics, detectors, and thermal control surfaces, are vulnerable to the damaging effects of contamination from outgassed materials. The current solution to protect these surfaces is through the use of zeolite coated ceramic adsorber pucks. However, these pucks and its additional complex mounting hardware requirements result in several disadvantages, such as size, weight, and cost related concerns, that impact the spacecraft design and the integration and test schedule. As a result, a new innovative molecular adsorber coating was developed as a sprayable alternative to mitigate the risk of on-orbit molecular contamination. In this study, the formulation for molecular adsorber coatings was optimized using various binders, pigment treatment methods, binder to pigment ratios, thicknesses, and spray application techniques. The formulas that passed coating adhesion and vacuum thermal cycling were further tested for its adsorptive capacity. Accelerated molecular capacitance tests were performed in an innovatively designed multi-unit system containing idealized contaminant sources. This novel system significantly increased the productivity of the testing phase for the various formulations that were developed. Work performed during the development and testing phases has demonstrated successful application of molecular adsorber coatings onto metallic substrates, as well as, very promising results for the adhesion performance and the molecular capacitance of the coating. Continued testing will assist in the qualification of molecular adsorber coatings for use on future contamination sensitive spaceflight missions. C1 [Abraham, Nithin S.; Hasegawa, Mark M.; Straka, Sharon A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Abraham, NS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9209-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8492 AR 849203 DI 10.1117/12.964419 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCZ56 UT WOS:000312206600003 ER PT S AU Heaney, JB Kauder, LR Freese, SC Quijada, MA AF Heaney, James B. Kauder, Lonny R. Freese, Scott C. Quijada, Manuel A. BE Straka, SA Carosso, N Egges, J TI Pre-launch testing and evaluation of typical mirror coatings for space optical instruments SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination - Effects, Measurements, and Control CY AUG 13, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE witness samples; environmental testing; mirror coatings AB Pre-launch acceptance testing and evaluation of mirrors coated for use in space are almost never performed on the actual flight mirror. Smaller witness mirrors, coated at the same time as the flight component, are used as test proxies for the spaceflight component. The intent of the acceptance testing is generally aimed at identifying any mirror surface quality problems before the larger mirror experiences qualification testing that usually occurs at the assembled instrument level when recovery from a previously undetected flaw can be costly. Only in rare cases will the testing of a smaller proxy sample reveal a mirror's substrate structural flaws. This presentation will discuss details associated with pre-launch radiation sensitivity and cryogenic acceptance testing of the commonly used mirror reflector coatings aboard space optical instruments. The sufficiency of reflectance and transmittance measurements as the primary diagnostic tool for evaluating mirror coating quality, and as a predictor of on-orbit performance, will be emphasized with reference to specific space missions. C1 [Heaney, James B.; Kauder, Lonny R.; Freese, Scott C.] Stinger Gaffarian Technol Inc, 7701 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Quijada, Manuel A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Heaney, JB (reprint author), Stinger Gaffarian Technol Inc, 7701 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM james.b.heaney@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9209-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8492 AR 849206 DI 10.1117/12.964693 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCZ56 UT WOS:000312206600004 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, M AF Rodriguez, Marcello BE Straka, SA Carosso, N Egges, J TI Chromate Conversion Coating: Iridite 14-2 thermal/optical characterization SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination - Effects, Measurements, and Control CY AUG 13, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Chromate Conversion Coatings; Iridite; Iridite 14-2; Alodine; corrosion protection; aluminum alloy AB Chromate Conversion Coating (CCC) BOL and EOL thermal properties (absorptance and emittance) have been unspecified throughout the industry and throughout its use here at GSFC. Being key values essential for thermal engineers to assess thermal space conditions, this study focuses on the current application process, its outputted properties and assess whether these properties can in turn be classified under proper documentation. The results show that wide variations in the process overcome any possibility in thermally classifying this coating. A new set of samples were fabricated (in preparation for space environmental studies) in which a more controlled approach to applying the CCC was made. The resulting thermal values continued to show variations indicating lack of bath agitation existing within the bath. From this study you can conclude that witness samples may not best represent the flight hardware for this coating. The study then turns to space environmental study testing samples to high temperature (80C), high vacuum, and combination of both, and UV radiation totaling 1625 ESH. The results showed an extremely dynamic coating sensitive to every environmental condition it was exposed to. Though the initial changes to the coating are drastic, post initial changes appear to be minuscule making EOL predictions more attainable. These results show that the worst case alpha/emittance values are likely after ground processing and before space exposure. From the data obtained in this study greater understanding and more informed decisions can be made with respect to this coating. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Rodriguez, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9209-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8492 AR 849202 DI 10.1117/12.958611 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCZ56 UT WOS:000312206600002 ER PT S AU Lyuksyutov, S Adamovsky, G Mackey, JR Floyd, B Abeywickrema, U Fedin, I AF Lyuksyutov, Sergei Adamovsky, Grigory Mackey, Jeffrey R. Floyd, Bertram Abeywickrema, Ujitha Fedin, Igor BE Yin, S Guo, R TI Competition of linearly polarized modes in fibers with Bragg gratings over a wide temperature range SO PHOTONIC FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND INNOVATIONS IN DEVICE APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices - Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VI CY AUG 12-13, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Fiber Bragg gratings; LP modes; temperature dependence of FBGs AB Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) embedded in conventional fibers may serve as temperature sensors over a wide temperature range and withstand temperatures around 1200 K. A variety of linearly polarized (LP) modes for the wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm may be sustained in fibers with and without FBGs. The composition of the LP modes and their competition is instrumental for understanding physics of thermo-optics and thermal expansion effects in silica-based fibers. The first objective of this work was to model mathematically the competition between LP modes and modal distribution using the solutions of Bessel equations for the fibers with and without the gratings. Computer generated modes were constructed and the cut-off V-numbers (and Eigen values W and U) were determined. Theoretical results then were compared with experimental observations of LP modes for two separate ranges of temperatures: 77-300 K and 300-1200 K. To study the formation of LP modes over the first temperature range, liquid nitrogen was used to cool down the fiber and a thermocouple was used to monitor the temperature of the fiber. Real time recording of the modal structure was performed using digital imaging and data acquisition instrumentation. To study LP modes between 300-1200 K, the fibers were inserted into a tube furnace with temperature control. The wavelength of the infrared radiation was reflected by a FBG and detected by an optical spectrum analyzer. Radiation at the visible wavelength propagated through the fibers, and transmitted visible light was collected, analyzed and recorded with a CCD camera to monitor distribution of the LP modes in the samples with and without the FBGs. C1 [Lyuksyutov, Sergei; Abeywickrema, Ujitha; Fedin, Igor] Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Adamovsky, Grigory] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Mackey, Jeffrey R.] ASRC Aerosp Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Floyd, Bertram] AKIMA Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lyuksyutov, S (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. FU Vehicle Systems Safety Technologies Project of the NASA Aviation Safety Program; NASA Summer Faculty Program FX The authors acknowledge support from the Vehicle Systems Safety Technologies Project of the NASA Aviation Safety Program. One of the co- authors, SFL, a NASA Glenn Research Center 2010- 2011 Summer Fellow, also appreciates support from the NASA Summer Faculty Program. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9214-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8497 AR 849707 DI 10.1117/12.928667 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Optics SC Crystallography; Optics GA BCZ61 UT WOS:000312213900006 ER PT B AU Di Mauro, MP Ventura, R Cardini, D Catanzaro, G Barban, C Bedding, TR Chrisfensen-Dalsgaard, J De Ridder, J Hekker, S Huber, D Kallinger, T Kinemuchi, K Kjeldsen, H Miglio, A Montalban, J Mosser, B Mullally, F Stello, D Still, M Uytterhoeven, K AF Di Mauro, M. P. Ventura, R. Cardini, D. Catanzaro, G. Barban, C. Bedding, T. R. Chrisfensen-Dalsgaard, J. De Ridder, J. Hekker, S. Huber, D. Kallinger, T. Kinemuchi, K. Kjeldsen, H. Miglio, A. Montalban, J. Mosser, B. Mullally, F. Stello, D. Still, M. Uytterhoeven, K. BE Shibahashi, H Takata, M LynasGray, AE TI Detailed Study of the Internal Structure of a Red-giant Star Observed with Kepler SO PROGRESS IN SOLAR/STELLAR PHYSICS WITH HELIO- AND ASTEROSEISMOLOGY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Fujihara Seminar on Helio- and Asteroseismology CY MAR 13-17, 2011 CL Hakone, JAPAN ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY AB We study the internal structure and evolutionary state of KIC 4351319, a red-giant star observed with the Kepler satellite. The use of 25 individual oscillation frequencies, together with the accurate atmospheric data provided by ground-based spectroscopic observations, allowed us to estimate the main parameters of this star with a level of precision without precedents for a red giant. In addition, the excellent quality of the observations enabled us to define the location of the base of the convective envelope and to learn about the internal rotation, the helium abundance, the surface effects and extra mixing effects such as diffusion and overshooting. C1 [Di Mauro, M. P.; Cardini, D.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF IASF, Rome, Italy. [Ventura, R.; Catanzaro, G.] INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, Catania, Italy. [Barban, C.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Denis Diderot, CNRS, LESIA, Meudon, France. [Bedding, T. R.; Huber, D.; Stello, D.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Inst Astron SO, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Chrisfensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Kinemuchi, K.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Aarhus, Denmark. [De Ridder, J.] K Leuven, Inst Poor Sterrenkunde, Leuven, Belgium. [Hekker, S.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Still, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Miglio, A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Montalban, J.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geofis, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Mullally, F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Uytterhoeven, K.] Inst Astrofis Canarias La Laguna, Canarias, Spain. RP Di Mauro, MP (reprint author), Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF IASF, Rome, Italy. RI Ventura, Rita/B-7524-2016 OI Ventura, Rita/0000-0002-5152-0482 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-806-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 462 BP 146 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDA27 UT WOS:000312277600021 ER PT B AU Nitta, A Koester, D Chu, D Thompson, SE Kepler, SO Kleinman, SJ Winget, DE Provencal, JL Castanheira, BG AF Nitta, Atsuko Koester, D. Chu, D. Thompson, Susan E. Kepler, S. O. Kleinman, S. J. Winget, D. E. Provencal, J. L. Castanheira, B. G. BE Shibahashi, H Takata, M LynasGray, AE TI UV Time-series Spectroscopy of GD 358 SO PROGRESS IN SOLAR/STELLAR PHYSICS WITH HELIO- AND ASTEROSEISMOLOGY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Fujihara Seminar on Helio- and Asteroseismology CY MAR 13-17, 2011 CL Hakone, JAPAN AB Via Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectroscopy, we find He II lines in surface spectra of the DBV GD 358. We propose that pulsation heating of GD 358's atmosphere is responsible for producing the He II lines. We also apply the so-called "chromatic amplitude method" to identify the three largest modes observed and obtain consistent results with those obtained previously from the Whole Earth Telescope (WET) observations. C1 [Nitta, Atsuko; Kleinman, S. J.] Gemini Observ, 670 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Koester, D.] Univ Kiel, 2h S 11 ur Theoret Physik & Astrophysik, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Chu, D.] Dartmouth Coll Hanovet, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Thompson, Susan E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Inst SETI, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kepler, S. O.] Univ Fed Rio Grande, Inst Fis, Dept Astron, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Winget, D. E.; Castanheira, B. G.] Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 73344 USA. [Provencal, J. L.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Castanheira, B. G.] Astron Inst, Vienna, Austria. RP Nitta, A (reprint author), Gemini Observ, 670 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI Kepler, S. O. /H-5901-2012 OI Kepler, S. O. /0000-0002-7470-5703 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-806-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 462 BP 171 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDA27 UT WOS:000312277600025 ER PT B AU Kitiashvili, IN Guzik, JA Kosovichev, AG Mansour, NN Saio, H Shibahashi, H Wray, AA AF Kitiashvili, I. N. Guzik, J. A. Kosovichev, A. G. Mansour, N. N. Saio, H. Shibahashi, H. Wray, A. A. BE Shibahashi, H Takata, M LynasGray, AE TI Radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations of Turbulent Convection for Kepler Target Stars SO PROGRESS IN SOLAR/STELLAR PHYSICS WITH HELIO- AND ASTEROSEISMOLOGY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Fujihara Seminar on Helio- and Asteroseismology CY MAR 13-17, 2011 CL Hakone, JAPAN ID EXCITATION; SUN AB The solar-type pulsators are characterized by acoustic oscillation modes excited by turbulent granular convection in the upper convective boundary layer. As the stellar mass increases the convection zone shrinks, the scale and intensity of the turbulent motions increases, providing more energy for excitation of acoustic modes. When the stellar mass reaches about 1.6 solar masses the upper convection zone consists of two very thin layers corresponding to H and He ionization, and in addition to the acoustic modes the stars show strong internal gravity modes The thin convection zone is often considered insignificant for the stellar dynamics and variability. We use numerical radiation transfer simulations in three dimensions (3D) to study convective and oscillation properties of main-sequence stars from the solar-type stars to more massive stars. In the simulations we used models of the stellar interior, calculated for individual Kepler mission targets. The 3D radiation hydrodynamics simulations reveal supersonic granular-type convection on a scale significantly larger than the solar granulation, and strong overshooting plumes penetrating into the stable radiative zone, which can affect oscillation properties of a star. C1 [Kitiashvili, I. N.; Kosovichev, A. G.] Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Guzik, J. A.] Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mansour, N. N.; Wray, A. A.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94040 USA. [Saio, H.] Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Shibahashi, H.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Kitiashvili, IN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-806-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 462 BP 378 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDA27 UT WOS:000312277600057 ER PT S AU Pliutau, D Prasad, NS AF Pliutau, Denis Prasad, Narasimha S. BE Gao, W Jackson, TJ Wang, J Chang, NB TI Simulation studies for comparative evaluation of alternative spectral regions for the sensing of CO2 and O-2 suitable for the ASCENDS Mission SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability IX CY AUG 16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LIDAR AB We have carried out comparative simulation studies to establish the advantages and limitations of alternative spectral regions and measurement wavelengths being investigated by different groups for the sensing of CO2 and O-2 for potential use in the ASCENDS mission implementation. Our studies are based on the lidar modeling framework we developed specifically for ASCENDS which may be further applied to similar missions relying on the active sensing approach from space or aircraft. The modeling framework performs standard lidar sensitivity calculations, and also includes analysis of weighting functions and the effects of laser wavelength instabilities. As such, the factors considered in the analysis include the general LIDAR sensitivity, shapes of the weighting functions, as well as the added error due to the laser wavelength jitter in the selected spectral bands and wavelength regions. In particular, the studies were performed for the 1.26 - 1.27 micron and the A-band of oxygen, as well as the 1.57 and 2.06 micron bands of carbon dioxide. Additionally, the analysis is based on a range of satellite datasets and models to also take into account a variety of spacial and temporal variations in surface and atmospheric parameters. The results of our comparative studies for alternative spectral bands will be presented including the quantitative estimates of required constraints on selected system parameters to achieve the desired accuracy of similar to 0.3% in XCO2 measurements. C1 [Pliutau, Denis; Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Pliutau, D (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9230-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8513 AR 851309 DI 10.1117/12.933277 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BDA65 UT WOS:000312366600007 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Bae, HB Park, Y Choi, SH AF Kim, Hyun Jung Bae, Hyung Bin Park, Yeonjoon Choi, Sang H. TI Defect-engineered Si1-xGex alloy under electron beam irradiation for thermoelectrics SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; DISLOCATIONS; TEMPERATURES; SAPPHIRE; FILMS; SIGE AB We report the development of a defect-engineered thermoelectric material using Si1-xGex alloys grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate via electron beam (E-beam) irradiation. This paper outlines the idea of growing the Si1-xGex film at relatively high temperatures to obtain good crystalline properties, then controlling the amount of twins or dislocations through ex situ electron-beam irradiation. The current work suggests that structure reconstruction by bond rearrangement through E-beam irradiation may be used for tailoring thermoelectric properties. C1 [Kim, Hyun Jung; Park, Yeonjoon] NLA, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Bae, Hyung Bin] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Choi, Sang H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), NLA, 100 Explorat Way, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM Hyunjung.Kim@NASA.Gov FU NASA Langley Research Center [IA1-1098]; Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation [IA1-1098] FX This research was supported by a collaborative agreement between the NASA Langley Research Center and Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation under the inter-agency agreement #IA1-1098. The authors appreciate the assistance of Mr Tae Woo Lee and Mr Young Hoon Ha, FIB/SEM researchers at KAIST, South Korea. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 33 BP 12670 EP 12674 DI 10.1039/c2ra21567e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 051TF UT WOS:000312149600017 ER PT S AU Stahl, HP AF Stahl, H. Philip BE Turner, MG TI Reflections on my time in the Wolfe den SO TRIBUTE TO WILLIAM WOLFE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Tribute to William Wolfe CY AUG 15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE History AB The three and a half years I spent as a member of the Infrared Group were transitional. Bill Wolfe was the nexus. Bill played a role in getting me to Arizona and keeping me there. He helped me advance professionally and taught me how to think like a systems engineer. He played a central role in my effort to earn a PhD. And, he helped start me in SPIE. This paper contains my personal and honest reflections on the impact which Bill Wolfe has had on me. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9200-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8483 AR 84830C DI 10.1117/12.978847 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCZ39 UT WOS:000312164900011 ER PT S AU Sidick, E Shaklan, S Balasubramanian, K AF Sidick, Erkin Shaklan, Stuart Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI HCIT Broadband Contrast Performance Sensitivity Studies SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 13-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Coronagraphy; adaptive optics; space telescopes; exoplanets ID PLANET FINDER CORONAGRAPH AB The High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory employs a broadband wavefront correction algorithm called Electric Field Conjugation (EFC) to obtain the required 10(-10) contrast. This algorithm works with one deformable mirror (DM) to estimate the electric-field to be controlled, and with one or multiple DM's to create a "darkhole" in a predefined region of the image plane where terrestrial planets would be found. We have investigated the effects of absorbing dust particles on a flat optic, absorbing spots on the occulting mask, dead actuators on the DM, and the effects of control bandwidth on the efficiency of the EFC algorithm in a Lyot coronagraph configuration. The structural design of the optical system as well as the parameters of various optical elements used in the analysis is drawn from those of the HCIT system that have been implemented with one DM. The simulation takes into account the surface errors of various optical elements. Results of some of these studies have been verified by actual measurements. C1 [Sidick, Erkin; Shaklan, Stuart; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sidick, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Erkin.Sidick@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9237-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8520 AR 85200M DI 10.1117/12.979456 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDA58 UT WOS:000312346000016 ER PT J AU Saini, S Heistand, S Jin, HQ Chang, J Hood, R Mehrotra, P Biswas, R AF Saini, Subhash Heistand, Steve Jin, Haoqiang Chang, Johnny Hood, Robert Mehrotra, Piyush Biswas, Rupak GP IEEE BE Min, G Lefevre, L Hu, J Liu, L Yang, LT Seelam, S TI An Application-Based Performance Evaluation of NASA's Nebula Cloud Computing Platform SO 2012 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS & 2012 IEEE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMBEDDED SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS (HPCC-ICESS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 14th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) / IEEE 9th International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS) CY JUN 25-27, 2012 CL Liverpool, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Bradford, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC) DE Cloud computing; performance evaluation; benchmarking; computational fluid dynamics; climate modeling AB The high performance computing (HPC) community has shown tremendous interest in exploring cloud computing as it promises high potential. In this paper, we examine the feasibility, performance, and scalability of production quality scientific and engineering applications of interest to NASA on NASA's cloud computing platform, called Nebula, hosted at Ames Research Center. This work represents the comprehensive evaluation of Nebula using NUTTCP, HPCC, NPB, I/O, and MPI function benchmarks as well as four applications representative of the NASA HPC workload. Specifically, we compare Nebula performance on some of these benchmarks and applications to that of NASA's Pleiades supercomputer, a traditional HPC system. We also investigate the impact of virtIO and jumbo frames on interconnect performance. Overall results indicate that on Nebula (i) virtIO and jumbo frames improve network bandwidth by a factor of 5x, (ii) there is a significant virtualization layer overhead of about 10% to 25%, (iii) write performance is lower by a factor of 25x, (iv) latency for short MPI messages is very high, and (v) overall performance is 15% to 48% lower than that on Pleiades for NASA HPC applications. We also comment on the usability of the cloud platform. C1 [Saini, Subhash; Heistand, Steve; Jin, Haoqiang; Chang, Johnny; Hood, Robert; Mehrotra, Piyush; Biswas, Rupak] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Supercomp Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Saini, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Supercomp Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM subhash.saini@nasa.gov; steve.heistand@nasa.gov; haoqiang.jin@nasa.gov; johnny.chang@nasa.gov; robert.hood@nasa.gov; piyush.mehrotra@nasa.gov; rupak.biswas@nasa.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-4749-7 PY 2012 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1109/HPCC.2012.52 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCK16 UT WOS:000310377500043 ER PT S AU Gaier, TC AF Gaier, Todd C. GP IEEE TI MMICs and Remote Sensing Science Instruments - A Technology Success Story SO 2012 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS) SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS) CY OCT 14-17, 2012 CL La Jolla, CA SP IEEE DE monolithic microwave integrated circuits; low noise amplifiers; space science and Earth science AB Developments in GaAs and InP transistor technology has had a large impact on science. With low noise and high frequency performance, these devices have revolutionized radio astronomy and Earth science, and changed the way that space science missions are designed and implemented. MMIC integration has shortened mission development times and enabling missions to be efficiently implemented in a cost-constrained environment. MMICs have also enabled a new generation of receiver arrays, creating a paradigm shift in experimental design. Some of this history will be discussed, citing specific examples of technology insertion and the impact on science. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gaier, TC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-4673-0929-5 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCY16 UT WOS:000311948600044 ER PT S AU Pollard, BD AF Pollard, Brian D. GP IEEE TI Landing Radar Technology at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory: Mars Science Laboratory and Beyond SO 2012 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS) SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS) CY OCT 14-17, 2012 CL La Jolla, CA SP IEEE DE Radar systems AB Safe landing on planetary bodies has traditionally been accomplished via radar systems, which have advantages of performing independent of lighting conditions, and of being far less susceptible to dust and other contaminant interactions than optical systems. At the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, we have an active program in the development of landing radar systems for both current missions (i.e. the Mars Science Laboratory) and for future mission concepts (hazard detection and avoidance, pinpoint landing). This article gives an overview of these systems and their driving technologies, including the key microwave circuit developments necessary to enable a future class of sensors. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pollard, BD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-4673-0929-5 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCY16 UT WOS:000311948600059 ER PT S AU Varonen, M Larkoski, P Fung, A Samoska, L Kangaslahti, P Gaier, T Lai, R Sarkozy, S AF Varonen, M. Larkoski, P. Fung, A. Samoska, L. Kangaslahti, P. Gaier, T. Lai, R. Sarkozy, S. GP IEEE TI 160-270-GHz InP HEMT MMIC Low-Noise Amplifiers SO 2012 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS) SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS) CY OCT 14-17, 2012 CL La Jolla, CA SP IEEE DE cryogenic; InP HEMTs; LNAs; MMICs ID IMAGING APPLICATIONS; MODULES AB We present two low-noise amplifiers for the frequency range of 160 to 270 GHz. The amplifiers were fabricated using a 35-nm InP HEMT technology and designed for room temperature and cryogenic operation. A four-stage amplifier in a common-source topology and a three-stage amplifier utilizing a cascode stage at the output achieve 15 to 25-dB on-wafer measured gain from 160 to 270 GHz. When packaged in WR5 waveguide housings the amplifiers exhibit room temperature measured noise of 600 to 760 K from 160 to 220 GHz. When cryogenically cooled the three-stage amplifier shows a noise of 80 to 115 K over the range of 164 to 220 GHz. Furthermore, our initial room temperature measurements show a noise figure of 7-8 dB over the 220 to 252 GHz range for a four-stage amplifier packaged in a WR3 waveguide housing. C1 [Varonen, M.; Fung, A.; Samoska, L.; Kangaslahti, P.; Gaier, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. [Larkoski, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lai, R.; Sarkozy, S.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Varonen, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. FU Oak Ridge Associated Universities through the NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP); Harriett G. Jenkins Pre- doctoral Fellowship Program (JPFP) FX This work was performed in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The work of M. Varonen was supported by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through the NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP). P. Larkoski thanks the Harriett G. Jenkins Pre- doctoral Fellowship Program (JPFP) for their support. We would like to thank Ms. Mary Soria and Ms. Heather Owen of JPL for assembly expertise, and Dr. Choonsup Lee for fabrication of the WR3 transitions for packaging. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-4673-0929-5 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCY16 UT WOS:000311948600006 ER PT J AU Korotova, GI Sibeck, DG Petrov, VI AF Korotova, G. I. Sibeck, D. G. Petrov, V. I. TI Interball-1 observations of flux transfer events SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Space plasma physics; Magnetic reconnection ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; RECONNECTION; MAGNETOSPHERE; SPACECRAFT; MOTION; MAGNETOMETER; CONVECTION; SIGNATURES AB We present the results of a survey of 807 FTEs observed by Interball-1 on the mid- and high-latitude dayside and flank magnetopause. Dayside magnetosheath events show a strong tendency to occur for southward magnetosheath magnetic fields suggesting origin via component (or perhaps antiparallel) reconnection near the equatorial plane. Flank FTEs occur for both magnetosheath magnetic field orientations with only a slight preference for southward magnetosheath magnetic fields. These events are consistent with generation along an extended subsolar component reconnection line for all IMF orientations or a combination of reconnection along a subsolar component reconnection line for southward IMF and antiparallel reconnection at higher latitudes for northward IMF. The distribution of direct and reverse magnetosheath FTEs and the tilt angle of the reconnection line for dawnward and duskward IMF are in a good agreement with the theoretical predictions of the component merging model. The clear anticorrelation between the magnitude of the east/west (Bm) perturbation observed within magnetosphere FTEs versus Bm in the magnetosheath also demands an explanation of the FTEs in terms of reconnection along a tilted subsolar merging line, e.g. in terms of component merging. C1 [Korotova, G. I.] IZMIRAN, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Region, Russia. [Sibeck, D. G.; Petrov, V. I.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Korotova, G. I.] UMD, College Pk, MD USA. RP Korotova, GI (reprint author), IZMIRAN, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Region, Russia. EM gkorotov@umd.edu FU THEMIS project; NASA/GSFC [NNX09AV52G] FX Work at GSFC was supported by the THEMIS project, while work by G. I. K. at the University of Maryland was supported by a grant from NASA/GSFC NNX09AV52G. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1451 EP 1462 DI 10.5194/angeo-30-1451-2012 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 049IX UT WOS:000311977200003 ER PT J AU Kishore, P Velicogna, I Ratnam, MV Jiang, JH Madhavi, GN AF Kishore, P. Velicogna, I. Ratnam, M. Venkat Jiang, J. H. Madhavi, G. N. TI Planetary waves in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere during 2009 Arctic major stratospheric warming SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; Middle atmosphere dynamics ID EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION; EOS MLS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ANTARCTIC MESOSPHERE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; QUASI-2-DAY WAVE; HILBERT SPECTRUM; AURA SATELLITE; WATER-WAVES AB The AURA-MLS daily mean temperatures and zonal wind from NASA-MERRA reanalysis for latitudes between 60 degrees N and 80 degrees N are used to investigate the planetary wave (PW) characteristics in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) (November 2008 to March 2009). Here, we used a novel method called empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to extract the PWs from the temperature data. The EMD is an interesting approach to decompose signals into locally periodic components, the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), and will easily identify the embedded structures, even those with small amplitudes. The spectral analysis reveals prevailing planetary wave periods of similar to 6-day, similar to 8-day, similar to 15-day, and similar to 21-23-day in IMFs 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Clear upward propagation of these waves (20-30 days) is observed, suggesting that sources for these oscillations are in the troposphere. C1 [Kishore, P.; Velicogna, I.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Velicogna, I.; Jiang, J. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ratnam, M. Venkat] Natl Atmospher Res Lab, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Madhavi, G. N.] Sri Venkateswara Univ, Dept Phys, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Kishore, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM kishore@uci.edu FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under NASA FX The authors would like to thank all the members of AURA_MLS, and NASA_MERRA reanalysis data centers for the public access via their web sites. The co-author J. H. Jiang thanks the support by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The authors would like to thank editor and the two anonymous reviewers for their critical evaluation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1529 EP 1538 DI 10.5194/angeo-30-1529-2012 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 049IX UT WOS:000311977200009 ER PT J AU Hornby, GS Bongard, JC AF Hornby, Gregory S. Bongard, Josh C. BE Soule, T TI Accelerating Human-Computer Collaborative Search through Learning Comparative and Predictive User Models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) CY JUL 07-11, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SIGEVO ACM Special Interest Grp Genet & Evolutionary Computat DE Evolutionary Design; Interactive Evolutionary Algorithm; Preference Learning; User Fatigue; User Modeling AB Interactive Evolutionary Algorithms (IEAs) have much potential for allowing a human user to guide a search algorithm, but have struggled to overcome the limitations of slow, easily-fatigued human users. Here we describe The Approximate User (TAU) system in which these limitations are overcome by using a model of the user's preferences - which are continuously built and refined during the search process - to drive the search algorithm. Two variations of a user-modeling approach are compared to determine if this approach can accelerate IEA search. The two user-modeling approaches compared are: 1. learning a classifier which correctly determines which of two designs is better; and 2. learning a model which predicts a fitness score. Rather than having people do the user-testing, we propose the use of a simulated user as an easier means to test IEAs. Both variants of the TAU IEA are compared against a basic IEA and it is shown that TAU is up to 2.7 times faster and 15 times more reliable at producing near optimal results. In addition, we see TAU as a step toward building a more general Human-Computer Collaborative system. C1 [Hornby, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Hornby, GS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM gregory.s.hornby@nasa.gov; josh.bongard@uvm.edu NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-1177-9 PY 2012 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1145/2330163.2330196 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BCB49 UT WOS:000309611100029 ER PT J AU Agogino, A HolmesParker, C Tumer, K AF Agogino, Adrian HolmesParker, Chris Tumer, Kagan BE Soule, T TI Evolving Large Scale UAV Communication System SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) CY JUL 07-11, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SIGEVO ACM Special Interest Grp Genet & Evolutionary Computat DE AVs; Evolution; Multiagent Systems AB Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have traditionally been used for short duration missions involving surveillance or military operations. Advances in batteries, photovoltaics and electric motors though, will soon allow large numbers of small, cheap, solar powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to fly long term missions at high altitudes. This will revolutionize the way UAVs are used, allowing them to form vast communication networks. However, to make effective use of thousands (and perhaps millions) of UAVs owned by numerous disparate institutions, intelligent and robust coordination algorithms are needed, as this domain introduces unique congestion and signal-to-noise issues. In this pap er, we present a solution based on evolutionary algorithms to a specific ad-hoc communication problem, where UAVs communicate to ground-based customers over a single-wide spectrum communication channel. To maximize their band-width, UAVs need to optimally control their output power levels and orientation. Experimental results show that UAVs using evolutionary algorithms in combination with appropriately shaped evaluation functions can forma robust communication network and perform 180% better than a fixed baseline algorithm as well as 90% better than a basic evolutionary algorithm C1 [Agogino, Adrian] UCSC, NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Agogino, A (reprint author), UCSC, NASA Ames, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Adrian.K.Agogino@nasa.gov; holmespc@onid.orst.edu; Kagan.Tumer@oregonstate.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-1177-9 PY 2012 BP 1023 EP 1030 DI 10.1145/2330163.2330306 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BCB49 UT WOS:000309611100128 ER PT S AU Maestrini, A Mehdi, I Siles, JV Lin, R Lee, C Chattopadhyay, G Pearson, J Siegel, P AF Maestrini, Alain Mehdi, Imran Siles, Jose V. Lin, Robert Lee, Choonsup Chattopadhyay, Goutam Pearson, John Siegel, Peter BE Razeghi, M Baranov, AN Everitt, HO Zavada, JM Manzur, T TI Frequency tunable electronic sources working at room temperature in the 1 to 3 THz band SO TERAHERTZ EMITTERS, RECEIVERS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications III CY AUG 12-13, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Schottky diodes; frequency multipliers; local oscillators; heterodyne receivers ID MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER; AURA SATELLITE AB Compact, room temperature terahertz sources are much needed in the 1 to 3 THz band for developing multi-pixel heterodyne receivers for astrophysics and planetary science or for building short-range high spatial resolution THz imaging systems able to see through low water content and non metallic materials, smoke or dust for a variety of applications ranging from the inspection of art artifacts to the detection of masked or concealed objects. All solid-sate electronic sources based on a W-band synthesizer followed by a high-power W-band amplifier and a cascade of Schottky diode based THz frequency multipliers are now capable of producing more than 1 mW at 0.9THz, 50 mu W at 2 THz and 18 mu W at 2.6 THz without the need of any cryogenic system. These sources are frequency agile and have a relative bandwidth of 10 to 15%, limited by the high power W-band amplifiers. The paper will present the latest developments of this technology and its perspective in terms of frequency range, bandwidth and power. C1 [Maestrini, Alain] Univ Paris 06, Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Mehdi, Imran; Siles, Jose V.; Lin, Robert; Lee, Choonsup; Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Pearson, John; Siegel, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Maestrini, A (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75252 Paris 05, France. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9213-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8496 AR 84960F DI 10.1117/12.929654 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000312110600008 ER PT S AU Schlecht, ET Jamnejad, V Jarnot, RF Thomas, B Raffanti, R Lin, R AF Schlecht, Erich T. Jamnejad, Vahraz Jarnot, Robert F. Thomas, Bertrand Raffanti, Rick Lin, Robert BE Razeghi, M Baranov, AN Everitt, HO Zavada, JM Manzur, T TI Dual Band 550/1200 GHz Wideband Spectrometer for Planetary Observation SO TERAHERTZ EMITTERS, RECEIVERS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications III CY AUG 12-13, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Submillimeter; Schottky mixers; multipliers; planetary instruments AB NASA and ESA are planning missions to Jupiter and its moons. There is strong interest in a submillimeter/Terahertz spectroscopic heterodyne instrument covering the bands 520 to 600 GHz and 1100 to 1300 GHz. Therefore, we are developing a prototype instrument incorporating unique features not previously developed for planetary instrumentation. These include (1) extremely wide, rapid tunability. The Herschel/HIFI astronomical instrument, is also wideband, but far larger. It incorporates a 3.5 meter telescope on a spacecraft massing over three tons orbiting near Earth, versus our 20 kg Jupiter spectrometer. Hence, we have developed a wideband low-phase-noise synthesizer pumping two Schottky diode LO multiplier chains outputting 520 to 600 and 550 to 650 GHz. Also based on Schottky diodes are (b) 550 and 1200 GHz room temperature mixers. The high frequency mixer is subharmonically pumped; the lower balanced fundamental. To analyze the IF signals from the mixers, (c) ASIC based digital polyphase spectrometers consuming only a few Watts each are being incorporated into the instrument. Finally, since signals for both receivers come from one telescope, we include a new (d) compact dual band low-loss optical bench. It uses the fact that each receiver accepts one polarization, making a polarizing beam splitter sufficient to split the beam with minimal loss. C1 [Schlecht, Erich T.; Jamnejad, Vahraz; Jarnot, Robert F.; Lin, Robert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Thomas, Bertrand] Radiometer Phys GmbH, D-53340 Meckenheim, Germany. [Raffanti, Rick] Techne Instruments 4920, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Schlecht, ET (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. FU NASA Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program FX The research described herein was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration including funding from the NASA Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program. Copyright 2012. All rights reserved. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9213-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8496 AR 84960U DI 10.1117/12.930169 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000312110600021 ER PT J AU Whiteman, DN Cadirola, M Venable, D Calhoun, M Miloshevich, L Vermeesch, K Twigg, L Dirisu, A Hurst, D Hall, E Jordan, A Vomel, H AF Whiteman, D. N. Cadirola, M. Venable, D. Calhoun, M. Miloshevich, L. Vermeesch, K. Twigg, L. Dirisu, A. Hurst, D. Hall, E. Jordan, A. Voemel, H. TI Correction technique for Raman water vapor lidar signal-dependent bias and suitability for water vapor trend monitoring in the upper troposphere SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS; INTERNATIONAL H2O PROJECT; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY MEASUREMENTS; FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRA; PART I; AWEX-G; VALIDATION; RADIOSONDE; CALIBRATION AB The MOHAVE-2009 campaign brought together diverse instrumentation for measuring atmospheric water vapor. We report on the participation of the ALVICE (Atmospheric Laboratory for Validation, Interagency Collaboration and Education) mobile laboratory in the MOHAVE-2009 campaign. In appendices we also report on the performance of the corrected Vaisala RS92 radiosonde measurements during the campaign, on a new radiosonde based calibration algorithm that reduces the influence of atmospheric variability on the derived calibration constant, and on other results of the ALVICE deployment. The MOHAVE-2009 campaign permitted the Raman lidar systems participating to discover and address measurement biases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The ALVICE lidar system was found to possess a wet bias which was attributed to fluorescence of insect material that was deposited on the telescope early in the mission. Other sources of wet biases are discussed and data from other Raman lidar systems are investigated, revealing that wet biases in upper tropospheric (UT) and lower stratospheric (LS) water vapor measurements appear to be quite common in Raman lidar systems. Lower stratospheric climatology of water vapor is investigated both as a means to check for the existence of these wet biases in Raman lidar data and as a source of correction for the bias. A correction technique is derived and applied to the ALVICE lidar water vapor profiles. Good agreement is found between corrected ALVICE lidar measurments and those of RS92, frost point hygrometer and total column water. The correction is offered as a general method to both quality control Raman water vapor lidar data and to correct those data that have signal-dependent bias. The influence of the correction is shown to be small at regions in the upper troposphere where recent work indicates detection of trends in atmospheric water vapor may be most robust. The correction shown here holds promise for permitting useful upper tropospheric water vapor profiles to be consistently measured by Raman lidar within NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) and elsewhere, despite the prevalence of instrumental and atmospheric effects that can contaminate the very low signal to noise measurements in the UT. C1 [Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cadirola, M.] Ecotronics LLC, Clarksburg, MD 20871 USA. [Venable, D.; Calhoun, M.] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Miloshevich, L.] Milo Sci LLC, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA. [Vermeesch, K.; Twigg, L.] SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Dirisu, A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. [Hurst, D.; Hall, E.; Jordan, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hurst, D.; Hall, E.; Jordan, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Voemel, H.] Lindenberg Observ, Lindenberg, Germany. RP Whiteman, DN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.n.whiteman@nasa.gov RI Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016 OI Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322 NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 11 BP 2893 EP 2916 DI 10.5194/amt-5-2893-2012 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 046ZK UT WOS:000311804400025 ER PT J AU Lee, JA AF Lee, J. A. BE Gangloff, RP Somerday, BP TI Hydrogen embrittlement of nickel, cobalt and iron-based superalloys SO GASEOUS HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF MATERIALS IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, VOL 1: THE PROBLEM, ITS CHARACTERISATION AND EFFECTS ON PARTICULAR ALLOY CLASSES SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE superalloys; HEE index; hydrogen embrittlement; density of states; work function; syngas; water vapor; turbine blades; single crystals ID ENVIRONMENT EMBRITTLEMENT; LOW-TEMPERATURES; ALLOYS; FRACTURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; PERMEATION; SOLUBILITY; PRESSURE; PERFORMANCE; INCOLOY-903 AB This chapter focuses on the hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) effects for three main classes of superalloys known as the nickel-based, cobalt-based and iron-based superalloys. For many superalloys, the HEE effects can occur over a much wider range of temperatures, with significant hydrogen embrittlement still evident at substantially higher temperatures than near room temperature. A comprehensive review of experimental data for HEE index is given, which is a useful concept to qualitatively evaluate the severity of hydrogen embrittlement prior to performing detailed material and fracture analysis for a specific hydrogen environment application. High pressure and temperature effects of hydrogen gas on superalloy properties such as tensile ductility, fracture, low cycle and high cycle fatigue, cyclic crack growth rate, and creep stress rupture have been analyzed with respect to the behavior trends established from the HEE index values. The compositional effects of nickel for hydrogen embrittlement of many Fe-Ni-Cr-based superalloys are also presented. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Lee, JA (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM jonathan.a.lee@nasa.gov NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85709-389-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2012 BP 624 EP 667 D2 10.1533/9780857093899 PG 44 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BCW71 UT WOS:000311701400018 ER PT J AU Scully, JR Young, GA Smith, SW AF Scully, J. R. Young, G. A., Jr. Smith, S. W. BE Gangloff, RP Somerday, BP TI Hydrogen embrittlement of aluminum and aluminum-based alloys SO GASEOUS HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF MATERIALS IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, VOL 1: THE PROBLEM, ITS CHARACTERISATION AND EFFECTS ON PARTICULAR ALLOY CLASSES SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE hydrogen embrittlement (HE); hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE); hydrogen diffusion; dihydrogen; atomic hydrogen; dissociative adsorption; hydrogen trapping; Al-based alloys ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; AL-ZN-MG; HIGH-PURITY ALUMINUM; ENVIRONMENTALLY ASSISTED CRACKING; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; WATER-VAPOR; INHIBITING PIGMENTS; THERMAL-DESORPTION; INDUCED FRACTURE; COPPER CONTENT AB This chapter provides a review of hydrogen interactions, gas phase hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) in high purity aluminum and selected aluminum alloys. Hydrogen uptake occurs in Al alloys upon exposure to aqueous environments, water vapor saturated air and water vapor mixed with other gases such as nitrogen, argon or dihydrogen. Uptake does not readily occur in dry dihydrogen gas in the absence of water or water vapor. Uptake is favored when atomic hydrogen is produced either chemically (from a source such as dihydrogen, water dissociation, or other hydrogen containing molecules) or electrochemically (from water and proton reduction). The latter occurs spontaneously when water or protons are reduced on Al surfaces. This occurs more readily on transiently bare Al but is impeded by thick oxide films. Uptake and hydrogen accumulation may be limited by either water vapor transport to Al surfaces, surface reaction rates to produce atomic hydrogen from water, and diffusion through surface oxides and the metal. Solid state diffusion rates in aluminum when transport is dominated by perfect lattice rates of diffusion are typical of other face centered cubic materials such as nickel. However, hydrogen interacts with a variety of microstructural defects in Al and can become trapped at a variety of metallurgical sites. There are significant hydrogen-vacancy interactions and dissolved hydrogen may aid in vacancy formation. Embrittlement mechanisms remain controversial but hydriding, hydrogen induced local plasticity and hydrogen induced local decohesion are all possible mechanisms. These processes can degrade engineering significant parameters under both static and cyclic loading, such as fracture toughness, breaking stress and elongation to failure at a critical hydrogen level. Mitigation strategies can involve barrier-type coatings, ionic inhibitors to reduce corrosion and coupled hydrogen production as well as microstructural manipulation. The latter area is less well developed in the case of Al alloys given the difficulty of performing hydrogen analysis in this system. Future work should combine determination of engineering properties degraded by hydrogen with submicroscopic analysis of hydrogen metal interactions on Al alloys of commercial interest. C1 [Scully, J. R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Young, G. A., Jr.] Knolls Atom Power Lab, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. [Smith, S. W.] NASA, Durabil Damage Tolerance & Reliabil Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Scully, JR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM jrs8d@virginia.edu; Stephen.W.Smith@nasa.gov NR 159 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 26 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85709-389-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2012 BP 707 EP 768 D2 10.1533/9780857093899 PG 62 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BCW71 UT WOS:000311701400020 ER PT J AU Yi, TH Chen, SP Li, S Yang, H Bux, S Bian, ZX Katcho, NA Shakouri, A Mingo, N Fleurial, JP Browning, ND Kauzlarich, SM AF Yi, Tanghong Chen, Shaoping Li, Shawn Yang, Hao Bux, Sabah Bian, Zhixi Katcho, Nebil A. Shakouri, Ali Mingo, Natalio Fleurial, Jean-Pierre Browning, Nigel D. Kauzlarich, Susan M. TI Synthesis and characterization of Mg2Si/Si nanocomposites prepared from MgH2 and silicon, and their thermoelectric properties SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NANOCRYSTALLINE MG2SI; SEMICONDUCTORS; STATE; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; STABILITY; TRANSPORT; CRYSTALS AB Silicon (Si) nanoparticles embedded in a Mg2Si matrix (Mg2Si/xSi) have been successfully synthesized at 623 K from MgH2 and Bi containing Si nanoparticle powders. The use of MgH2 in this synthetic route avoids the formation of oxides through the generation of hydrogen and provides a route to homogeneously mixed Si nanoparticles within a doped Mg2Si matrix. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The final crystallite size of Mg2Si obtained from the XRD patterns is about 50 nm for all the samples and the crystallite size of Si inclusions is approximately 17 nm. Theoretical calculations indicate that similar to 5 mol% concentrations of Si nanoparticles with diameters in the 5-50 nm range could decrease the lattice thermal conductivity of Mg2Si by about 1-10% below the matrix value. Reduction in thermal conductivity was observed with the smallest amount of Si, 2.5 mol%. Larger amounts, x = 10 mol%, did not provide any further reduction in thermal conductivity. Analysis of the microstructure of the Bi doped Mg2Si/xSi nanocomposites showed that the Bi dopant has a higher concentration at grain boundaries than within the grains and Bi preferentially substitutes the Mg site at the boundaries. The nanocomposite carrier concentration and mobility depend on the amount of Bi and Si inclusions in a complex fashion. Agglomerations of Si start to show up clearly in the Bi doped 5 mol% nanocomposite. While the inclusions result in a lower thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity and Seebeck are negatively affected as the presence of Si inclusions influences the amount of Bi dopant and therefore the carrier concentration. The x = 2.5 mol% nanocomposite shows a consistently higher zT throughout the measured temperature range until the highest temperatures where a dimensionless figure of merit zT similar to 0.7 was obtained at 775 K for Mg2Si/xSi with x = 0 and 2.5 mol%. With optimization of the electronic states of the matrix and nanoparticle, further enhancement of the figure of merit may be achieved. C1 [Yi, Tanghong; Chen, Shaoping; Li, Shawn; Kauzlarich, Susan M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chen, Shaoping] Taiyuan Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taiyuan 030024, Peoples R China. [Yang, Hao; Browning, Nigel D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bux, Sabah; Fleurial, Jean-Pierre] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bian, Zhixi; Shakouri, Ali] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Katcho, Nebil A.; Mingo, Natalio] CEA Grenoble, LITEN, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RP Kauzlarich, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM smkauzlarich@ucdavis.edu RI Katcho, Nebil/L-1352-2015; Chen, Shaowei/B-5171-2013; OI Chen, Shaowei/0000-0002-3668-8551; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X FU NSF [DMR1100313]; NSF/DOE [CBET-1048799, CBET-1048801]; DOE Office of Science BES [DE-FG02-03ER46057]; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; EU 7th framework programme through project NEAT FX We thank Gregory Baxter for sample preparation for microprobe analysis, and Sarah Roeske and Brian Joy for the microprobe measurements. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from NSF DMR1100313, NSF/DOE Partnership CBET-1048799 and CBET-1048801, DOE Office of Science BES DE-FG02-03ER46057, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the EU 7th framework programme through project NEAT. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 88 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 47 BP 24805 EP 24813 DI 10.1039/c2jm35257e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 047AM UT WOS:000311808200040 ER PT B AU Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH AF Adams, Noah S. Beeman, John W. Eiler, John H. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Telemetry Techniques: A User Guide for Fisheries Research Introduction SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID TRACKING C1 [Adams, Noah S.; Beeman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Eiler, John H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Adams, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM nadams@usgs.gov; jbeeman@usgs.gov; john.eiler@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600001 ER PT B AU Eiler, JH AF Eiler, John H. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Tracking Aquatic Animals with Radio Telemetry SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; RIVER; RADIOTELEMETRY; MIGRATION; TRIANGULATION; MOVEMENT; COLUMBIA; TROUT C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Eiler, JH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, TSMRI 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM john.eiler@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 163 EP 204 PG 42 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600007 ER PT J AU Snyder, DB Wolford, DA AF Snyder, David B. Wolford, David A. GP IEEE TI A Newton-Raphson Method Approach to Adjusting Multi-Source Solar Simulators SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE aerospace testing; photovoltaic cells; solar power generation; solar simulator; solar cell calibration; space power; space technology AB NASA Glenn Research Center has been using an in-house designed X25 based multi-source solar simulator since 2003. The simulator is set up for triple junction solar cells prior to measurements by adjusting the three sources to produce the correct short circuit current, Isc, in each of three AM0 calibrated sub-cells. The past practice has been to adjust one source on one sub-cell at a time, iterating until all the sub-cells have the calibrated Isc. The new approach is to create a matrix of measured Isc for small source changes on each sub-cell. A matrix, A, is produced. This is normalized to unit changes in the sources so that Ax Delta s = Delta isc. This matrix can now be inverted and used with the known Isc differences from the AM0 calibrated values to indicate changes in the source settings, Delta s = A(-1)x Delta isc This approach is still an iterative one, but all sources are changed during each iteration step. It typically takes four to six steps to converge on the calibrated Isc values. Even though the source lamps may degrade over time, the initial matrix evaluation is not performed each time, since measurement matrix needs to be only approximate. Because an iterative approach is used the method will still continue to be valid. This method may become more important as state-of-the-art solar cell junction responses overlap the sources of the simulator. Also, as the number of cell junctions and sources increase, this method should remain applicable. C1 [Snyder, David B.; Wolford, David A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Snyder, DB (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1318 EP 1320 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801137 ER PT J AU Snyder, DB Wolford, DS AF Snyder, David B. Wolford, David S. GP IEEE TI A Low Cost Weather Balloon Borne Solar Cell Calibration Payload SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE aerospace testing; photovoltaic cells; solar power generation; solar simulator; solar cell calibration; space power; space technology AB Calibration of standard sets of solar cell sub-cells is an important step to laboratory verification of on-orbit performance of new solar cell technologies. This paper, looks at the potential capabilities of a lightweight weather balloon payload for solar cell calibration. A 1500 gr latex weather balloon can lift a 2.7 kg payload to over 100,000 ft altitude, above 99% of the atmosphere. Data taken between atmospheric pressures of about 30 to 15 mbar may be extrapolated via the Langley Plot method to 0 mbar, i.e. AM0. This extrapolation, in principle, can have better than 0.1% error. The launch costs of such a payload are significantly less the the much larger, higher altitude balloons, or the manned flight facility. The low cost enables a risk tolerant approach to payload development. Demonstration of 1% standard deviation flight-to-flight variation is the goal of this project. This paper describes the initial concept of solar cell calibration payload, and reports initial test flight results. C1 [Snyder, David B.; Wolford, David S.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Snyder, DB (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1512 EP 1516 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801177 ER PT J AU Landis, GA Bailey, SG Clark, EB Myers, MG Piszczor, MF Murbach, MS AF Landis, Geoffrey A. Bailey, Sheila G. Clark, Eric B. Myers, Matthew G. Piszczor, Michael F. Murbach, Marcus S. GP IEEE TI Non-Solar Photovoltaics for Small Space Missions SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy AB NASA has missions planned to targets in the solar system ranging from the permanently shadowed craters of Mercury to the icy reaches of the Kuiper belt and beyond. In 2011, the NASA Office of the Chief Technologist (OCT) requested the NASA Ames and Glenn Research Centers to assess the potential of small power supplies based on direct conversion of energy from radioisotope sources for future NASA missions; and in particular to assess whether alphavoltaic and betavoltaic power sources could be of potential benefit in small missions, as well as examining the use of miniaturized thermophotovoltaic power supplies. This paper summarizes the results of that assessment. C1 [Landis, Geoffrey A.; Bailey, Sheila G.; Clark, Eric B.; Myers, Matthew G.; Piszczor, Michael F.] NASA, John Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Landis, GA (reprint author), NASA, John Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2819 EP 2824 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803027 ER PT J AU Snyder, DB AF Snyder, David B. GP IEEE TI Solar Cell Short Circuit Current Errors And Uncertainties During High Altitude Calibrations SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE aerospace testing; error analysis; photovoltaic cells; solar power generation; solar simulator; solar cell calibration; space power; space technology AB High altitude balloon based facilities can make solar cell calibration measurements above 99.5% of the atmosphere to use for adjusting laboratory solar simulators. While close to on-orbit illumination, the small attenuation to the spectra may result in under measurements of solar cell parameters. Variations of stratospheric weather, may produce flight-to-flight measurement variations. To support the NSCAP effort, this work quantifies some of the effects on solar cell short circuit current (Isc) measurements on triple junction sub-cells. This work looks at several types of high altitude methods, direct high altitude measurements near 120 kft, and lower stratospheric Langley plots from aircraft. It also looks at Langley extrapolation from altitudes above most of the ozone, for potential small balloon payloads. A convolution of the sub-cell spectral response with the standard solar spectrum modified by several absorption processes is used to determine the relative change from AM0, Isc/Isc(AM0). Rayleigh scattering, molecular scattering from uniformly mixed gases, Ozone, and water vapor, are included in this analysis. A range of atmospheric pressures are examined, from 0.05 to 0.25 Atm to cover the range of atmospheric altitudes where solar cell calibrations are performed. Generally these errors and uncertainties are less than 0.2%. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Snyder, DB (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2840 EP 2845 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803031 ER PT J AU Piszczor, M McNatt, J Mercer, C Kerslake, T Pappa, R AF Piszczor, Michael McNatt, Jeremiah Mercer, Carolyn Kerslake, Tom Pappa, Richard GP IEEE TI Solar Cell and Array Technology Development for NASA Solar Electric Propulsion Missions SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy AB NASA is currently developing advanced solar cell and solar array technologies to support future exploration activities. These advanced photovoltaic technology development efforts are needed to enable very large (multi-hundred kilowatt) power systems that must be compatible with solar electric propulsion (SEP) missions. The technology being developed must address a wide variety of requirements and cover the necessary advances in solar cell, blanket integration, and large solar array structures that are needed for this class of missions. This paper will summarize NASA's plans for high power SEP missions, initial mission studies and power system requirements, plans for advanced photovoltaic technology development, and the status of specific cell and array technology development and testing that have already been conducted. C1 [Piszczor, Michael; McNatt, Jeremiah; Mercer, Carolyn; Kerslake, Tom] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Piszczor, M (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3287 EP 3289 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803126 ER PT J AU Kaskaoutis, DG Kahn, RA Gupta, P Jayaraman, A Bartzokas, A AF Kaskaoutis, Dimitris G. Kahn, Ralph A. Gupta, Pawan Jayaraman, Achuthan Bartzokas, Aristides TI Desert Dust Properties, Modelling, and Monitoring SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kaskaoutis, Dimitris G.] Sharda Univ, Greater Noida 201306, India. [Kahn, Ralph A.; Gupta, Pawan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gupta, Pawan] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Jayaraman, Achuthan] Natl Atmospher Res Lab, Gadanki 517112, India. [Bartzokas, Aristides] Univ Ioannina, Lab Meteorol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Kaskaoutis, DG (reprint author), Sharda Univ, Greater Noida 201306, India. EM dkask@meteo.noa.gr RI Gupta, Pawan/F-3624-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2012 AR 483632 DI 10.1155/2012/483632 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 042FM UT WOS:000311457000001 ER PT J AU Mona, L Liu, Z Muller, D Omar, A Papayannis, A Pappalardo, G Sugimoto, N Vaughan, M AF Mona, L. Liu, Z. Mueller, D. Omar, A. Papayannis, A. Pappalardo, G. Sugimoto, N. Vaughan, M. TI Lidar Measurements for Desert Dust Characterization: An Overview SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Review ID TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; MICROPHYSICAL PARTICLE PROPERTIES; DIFFERENTIAL-ABSORPTION LIDAR; OPTICAL-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; MULTIWAVELENGTH RAMAN LIDAR; REMOTE-SENSING MEASUREMENTS; SUN-PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS AB We provide an overview of light detection and ranging (lidar) capability for describing and characterizing desert dust. This paper summarizes lidar techniques, observations, and fallouts of desert dust lidar measurements. The main objective is to provide the scientific community, including nonpractitioners of lidar observations with a reference paper on dust lidar measurements. In particular, it will fill the current gap of communication between research-oriented lidar community and potential desert dust data users, such as air quality monitoring agencies and aviation advisory centers. The current capability of the different lidar techniques for the characterization of aerosol in general and desert dust in particular is presented. Technical aspects and required assumptions of these techniques are discussed, providing readers with the pros and cons of each technique. Information about desert dust collected up to date using lidar techniques is reviewed. Lidar techniques for aerosol characterization have a maturity level appropriate for addressing air quality and transportation issues, as demonstrated by some first results reported in this paper. C1 [Mona, L.; Pappalardo, G.] CNR, Ist Metodol Anal Ambientale CNR IMAA, I-85050 Potenza, Tito Scalo, Italy. [Liu, Z.; Mueller, D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr MS 475, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Mueller, D.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res IfT, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Mueller, D.] GIST, Buk Gu 500712, Gwangju, South Korea. [Omar, A.; Vaughan, M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Papayannis, A.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Laser Remote Sensing Lab, Athens 15780, Greece. [Sugimoto, N.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. RP Mona, L (reprint author), CNR, Ist Metodol Anal Ambientale CNR IMAA, I-85050 Potenza, Tito Scalo, Italy. EM mona@imaa.cnr.it RI Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010; Sugimoto, Nobuo/C-5189-2015; MUELLER, DETLEF/F-1010-2015; Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017; OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738; Sugimoto, Nobuo/0000-0002-0545-1316; MUELLER, DETLEF/0000-0002-0203-7654; Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235; MONA, LUCIA/0000-0003-4157-0838 FU European Commission [RICA-025991]; European Community through the ACTRIS Research Infrastructure Action (7th Framework Programme-ACTRIS) [262254]; ESTEC [21487/08/NL/HE]; Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-7080] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Google map and Google Earth for the images used for realizing Figures 2, 3, and 4 reported in the paper. The financial support for EARLINET by the European Commission under Grant RICA-025991 and by the European Community through the ACTRIS Research Infrastructure Action (7th Framework Programme-ACTRIS Grant Agreement no. 262254) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge the ESA financial support under the ESTEC contract 21487/08/NL/HE. Work at GIST was funded by the Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2012-7080. NR 242 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 51 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2012 AR 356265 DI 10.1155/2012/356265 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 038IQ UT WOS:000311168800001 ER PT J AU Bar-Cohen, Y AF Bar-Cohen, Y. BE Young, TM Hirst, M TI Biologically inspired technologies for aeronautics SO INNOVATION IN AERONAUTICS SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE aerospace; robotics; biomimetics; electroactive polymer; biologically inspired technology AB Through evolution and employing principles of all the science and engineering fields, Nature addressed its challenges by trial and error and came up with inventions that work well and last. Technology inspired by Nature is known as biomimetics and offers enormous potential for many exciting capabilities. Biomimetics can be as simple as copying fins for swimming, and is providing numerous benefits, including the development of prosthetics that closely mimic real limbs. The focus of this chapter is on the aerospace-related innovations that were inspired by Nature, and it covers various examples, the potentials and the challenges. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Bar-Cohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM yosi@jpl.nasa.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85709-609-8 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2012 BP 15 EP 36 D2 10.1533/9780857096098 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BCN05 UT WOS:000310754300002 ER PT J AU Bhaskar, R Kapoor, B Sherif, J AF Bhaskar, Rahul Kapoor, Bhushan Sherif, Joseph TI Managing homeland security: deployment, vigilance and persistence SO KYBERNETES LA English DT Article DE Homeland security; Information sharing; Risk management; National incidence management system; Information management; United States of America AB Purpose - This paper aims to analyze provisions in the existing US laws and government directives for deployment, vigilance and persistence in managing homeland security. Design/methodology/approach - Within about a year after the September 11 terrorist attacks, the US Congress passed various new laws and the executive branch of the government issued a series of directives to maintain domestic security. The approach of the study is to analyze the provisions of the laws and the directives with an aim of seeing how these will enable risk management considering that the resources are not unlimited. Findings - The existing laws and directives enhance the ability of the USA to manage domestic incidents by establishing a single, comprehensive national incident management system. However, the major impediment to risk management is currently the lack of ability to share critical information among federal, state, local, tribal, public and private sector organizations. The government and private sectors should work together to form partnerships and to improve the flow of information. To make risk management processes truly effective, people need to be educated on their advantages and disadvantages so that they can use such tools appropriately to help them prioritize and allocate resources. Originality/value - The paper advances research and strategies to manage homeland security and eliminate or at least reduce the risk of terrorist attacks. C1 [Kapoor, Bhushan] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Kapoor, B (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. EM bkapoor@fullerton.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0368-492X J9 KYBERNETES JI Kybernetes PY 2012 VL 41 IS 7-8 BP 1072 EP 1086 DI 10.1108/03684921211257874 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA 039SN UT WOS:000311266900020 ER PT J AU Baker, JD Howell, EA Polovina, JJ AF Baker, Jason D. Howell, Evan A. Polovina, Jeffrey J. TI Relative influence of climate variability and direct anthropogenic impact on a sub-tropical Pacific top predator, the Hawaiian monk seal SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Monachus schauinslandii; Climate change; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands; Population dynamics; Anthropogenic disturbance ID ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; REGIME SHIFT DETECTION; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; NORTH PACIFIC; SURVIVAL; ISLANDS; ECOSYSTEM; SIZE; PRODUCTIVITY; ABUNDANCE AB Abundance trends of Hawaiian monk seals Monachus schauinslandi at 6 subpopulations throughout the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) have fluctuated considerably during the past 5 decades. Direct human impacts have been widely accepted as the primary cause of previous monk seal population declines and, consequently, much conservation effort has focused on minimizing these threats. Yet climate variability has been increasingly identified as a factor influencing monk seal demography. We endeavored to evaluate the relative influence of climate versus direct anthropogenic impacts on historic trends in monk seal populations. Periods of growth and decline in monk seal abundance at 4 subpopulations were associated with positive and negative phases, respectively, of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Moreover, PDO regime shifts were followed, after approximately 2 yr lags, by corresponding changes in monk seal abundance trajectories, especially in the absence confounding human impacts. We propose that the PDO is a proxy for varying productivity in the northern NWHI, the effects of which propagate vertically through the food web and are reflected in top predators such as the monk seal. Our results suggest that long-term dynamics of monk seal populations may have been driven as much, if not more, by climate-ocean variability as by direct human activity. In recent years, direct human impacts on monk seals have been virtually eliminated from the NWHI. As such, previous and continued detailed monitoring of Hawaiian monk seal demographics offer a unique opportunity to document and understand how future anticipated global climate change will affect marine ecosystems in the central North Pacific. C1 [Baker, Jason D.; Howell, Evan A.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Baker, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jason.baker@noaa.gov OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 57 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 77 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 469 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.3354/meps09987 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 043OK UT WOS:000311553600014 ER PT J AU Balla, VK Roberson, LB O'Connor, GW Trigwell, S Bose, S Bandyopadhyay, A AF Balla, Vamsi Krishna Roberson, Luke B. O'Connor, Gregory W. Trigwell, Steven Bose, Susmita Bandyopadhyay, Amit TI First demonstration on direct laser fabrication of lunar regolith parts SO RAPID PROTOTYPING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Advanced manufacturing technologies; Geology; Rocks; Materials handling; Laser processing; Lunar regolith; Simulant; In situ resource utilization; Laser engineered net shaping ID MARTIAN SOIL; MICROSTRUCTURE; SOLIDIFICATION; SIMULANT AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of direct fabrication of lunar/Martian regolith simulant parts, in a freeform environment, using Laser Engineering Net Shaping (LENS (TM)) - an additive manufacturing technology. Design/methodology/approach - Bulk lunar regolith simulant structures were fabricated using a LENS (TM)-750. Dense parts without any macroscopic defects were produced at a laser power of SOW, a scan speed of 20 mm/s, and a powder feed rate of 12.36 g/min. The laser processed parts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to evaluate the influence of laser processing on the microstructure, constituent phases and chemistry of lunar regolith simulant. Findings - A combination of laser parameters resulting in a 2.12 J/mm(2) laser energy appeared to be ideal for generating a melt pool necessary for lunar regolith powder deposition without excessive liquid pool spreading and cracking of solidified parts. The results show that LENS (TM) based laser processing transformed crystalline regolith into nanocrystalline and/or amorphous regolith structures as a result of complete melting followed by resolidification. Laser processing also resulted in marginal changes in the composition of the regolith. Originality/value - Establishment of a lunar/Martian outpost necessitates the development of methods to utilize in situ mineral resources for various construction and resource extraction applications. Fabrication technologies are critical for habitat structure development, as well as repair and replacement of tools and parts at the outpost. Current experimental results presented in the paper clearly demonstrate that net shape regolith simulant parts can be fabricated using LENS (TM) by exploiting its capabilities. C1 [Balla, Vamsi Krishna; Bose, Susmita; Bandyopadhyay, Amit] Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, WM Keck Biomed Mat Res Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Roberson, Luke B.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Orlandao, FL USA. [O'Connor, Gregory W.] Amalgam Ind Inc, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Trigwell, Steven] ASRC Aerosp Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, Orlandao, FL USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, A (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, WM Keck Biomed Mat Res Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM amitband@wsu.edu RI Balla, Vamsi/A-7287-2010; OI Balla, Vamsi/0000-0003-2796-7302; Bandyopadhyay, Amit/0000-0003-0992-5387 FU W. M. Keck Foundation FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of W. M. Keck Foundation to purchase the LENS-750 systems at Washington State University (WSU). NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 29 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-2546 J9 RAPID PROTOTYPING J JI Rapid Prototyping J. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 451 EP 457 DI 10.1108/13552541211271992 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 043HE UT WOS:000311532700003 ER PT J AU Chiu, JC Marshak, A Huang, CH Varnai, T Hogan, RJ Giles, DM Holben, BN O'Connor, EJ Knyazikhin, Y Wiscombe, WJ AF Chiu, J. C. Marshak, A. Huang, C. -H. Varnai, T. Hogan, R. J. Giles, D. M. Holben, B. N. O'Connor, E. J. Knyazikhin, Y. Wiscombe, W. J. TI Cloud droplet size and liquid water path retrievals from zenith radiance measurements: examples from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program and the Aerosol Robotic Network SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; MODIS LAND PRODUCTS; IN-SITU DATA; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; STRATUS CLOUD; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; GREAT-PLAINS; RADAR; MICROPHYSICS AB The ground-based Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) and NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) routinely monitor clouds using zenith radiances at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Using the transmittance calculated from such measurements, we have developed a new retrieval method for cloud effective droplet size and conducted extensive tests for non-precipitating liquid water clouds. The underlying principle is to combine a liquid-water-absorbing wavelength (i.e., 1640 nm) with a non-water-absorbing wavelength for acquiring information on cloud droplet size and optical depth. For simulated stratocumulus clouds with liquid water path less than 300 g m(-2) and horizontal resolution of 201 m, the retrieval method underestimates the mean effective radius by 0.8 mu m, with a root-mean-squared error of 1.7 mu m and a relative deviation of 13 %. For actual observations with a liquid water path less than 450 g m(-2) at the ARM Oklahoma site during 2007-2008, our 1.5-min-averaged retrievals are generally larger by around 1 mu m than those from combined ground-based cloud radar and microwave radiometer at a 5-min temporal resolution. We also compared our retrievals to those from combined shortwave flux and microwave observations for relatively homogeneous clouds, showing that the bias between these two retrieval sets is negligible, but the error of 2.6 mu m and the relative deviation of 22% are larger than those found in our simulation case. Finally, the transmittance-based cloud effective droplet radii agree to better than 11% with satellite observations and have a negative bias of 1 mu m. Overall, the retrieval method provides reasonable cloud effective radius estimates, which can enhance the cloud products of both ARM and AERONET. C1 [Chiu, J. C.; Hogan, R. J.; O'Connor, E. J.] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [Marshak, A.; Huang, C. -H.; Varnai, T.; Holben, B. N.; Wiscombe, W. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Huang, C. -H.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Varnai, T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Giles, D. M.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [O'Connor, E. J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Knyazikhin, Y.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Chiu, JC (reprint author), Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. EM c.j.chiu@reading.ac.uk RI Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Chiu, Christine/E-5649-2013; Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012; Hogan, Robin/M-6549-2016 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Chiu, Christine/0000-0002-8951-6913; Hogan, Robin/0000-0002-3180-5157 FU Office of Science (BER, US Department of Energy) as part of the ARM program [DE-SC0006001] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER, US Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-SC0006001) as part of the ARM program. The authors thank L. Gregory, L. Ma and R. Wagener for establishing and maintaining the ARM cloud-mode site used in this investigation. We also thank the AERONET team for calibrating and maintaining instrumentation and processing these data. Thank to M. Ambaum, G. Feingold, G. Petty, S. Platnick, S. Xie, C. Zhao, and Z. Zhang for stimulating discussions. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 21 BP 10313 EP 10329 DI 10.5194/acp-12-10313-2012 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035NR UT WOS:000310954400020 ER PT J AU Field, RD Risi, C Schmidt, GA Worden, J Voulgarakis, A LeGrande, AN Sobel, AH Healy, RJ AF Field, R. D. Risi, C. Schmidt, G. A. Worden, J. Voulgarakis, A. LeGrande, A. N. Sobel, A. H. Healy, R. J. TI A Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer HDO/H2O retrieval simulator for climate models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WATER ISOTOPES; IN-SITU; SATELLITE; TES; CLOUDS; OCEAN; CO AB Retrievals of the isotopic composition of water vapor from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) have unique value in constraining moist processes in climate models. Accurate comparison between simulated and retrieved values requires that model profiles that would be poorly retrieved are excluded, and that an instrument operator be applied to the remaining profiles. Typically, this is done by sampling model output at satellite measurement points and using the quality flags and averaging kernels from individual retrievals at specific places and times. This approach is not reliable when the model meteorological conditions influencing retrieval sensitivity are different from those observed by the instrument at short time scales, which will be the case for free-running climate simulations. In this study, we describe an alternative, "categorical" approach to applying the instrument operator, implemented within the NASA GISS ModelE general circulation model. Retrieval quality and averaging kernel structure are predicted empirically from model conditions, rather than obtained from collocated satellite observations. This approach can be used for arbitrary model configurations, and requires no agreement between satellite-retrieved and model meteorology at short time scales. To test this approach, nudged simulations were conducted using both the retrieval-based and categorical opera-tors. Cloud cover, surface temperature and free-tropospheric moisture content were the most important predictors of retrieval quality and averaging kernel structure. There was good agreement between the delta D fields after applying the retrieval-based and more detailed categorical operators, with increases of up to 30 parts per thousand over the ocean and decreases of up to 40 parts per thousand over land relative to the raw model fields. The categorical operator performed better over the ocean than over land, and requires further refinement for use outside of the tropics. After applying the TES operator, ModelE had delta D biases of -8 parts per thousand over ocean and -34 parts per thousand over land compared to TES delta D, which were less than the biases using raw model delta D fields. C1 [Field, R. D.; Schmidt, G. A.; Voulgarakis, A.; LeGrande, A. N.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Field, R. D.; Sobel, A. H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Risi, C.] CNRS, LMD IPSL, Paris, France. [Risi, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Worden, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Voulgarakis, A.; LeGrande, A. N.; Healy, R. J.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Sobel, A. H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Sobel, A. H.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. RP Field, RD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM rf2426@columbia.edu RI Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; Healy, Richard/J-9214-2015; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015 OI Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; Healy, Richard/0000-0002-5098-8921; Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program; NASA [NNX08AR23G, NNX09AK34G]; NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study [07-NEWS07-20]; Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program FX RF was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program, CR by NASA grant NNX08AR23G, GS and JW by the NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study grant 07-NEWS07-20, AV by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program, and AS by NASA grant NNX09AK34G. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 21 BP 10485 EP 10504 DI 10.5194/acp-12-10485-2012 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035NR UT WOS:000310954400030 ER PT J AU Corr, CA Hall, SR Ullmann, K Anderson, BE Beyersdorf, AJ Thornhill, KL Cubison, MJ Jimenez, JL Wisthaler, A Dibb, JE AF Corr, C. A. Hall, S. R. Ullmann, K. Anderson, B. E. Beyersdorf, A. J. Thornhill, K. L. Cubison, M. J. Jimenez, J. L. Wisthaler, A. Dibb, J. E. TI Spectral absorption of biomass burning aerosol determined from retrieved single scattering albedo during ARCTAS SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC AEROSOL; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MEXICO-CITY; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION; REGIONAL HAZE; SAFARI 2000; PART 1; CARBON; SMOKE AB Actinic flux, as well as aerosol chemical and optical properties, were measured aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) mission in Spring and Summer 2008. These measurements were used in a radiative transfer code to retrieve spectral (350-550 nm) aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) for biomass burning plumes encountered on 17 April and 29 June. Retrieved SSA values were subsequently used to calculate the absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) over the 350-500 nm range. Both plumes exhibited enhanced spectral absorption with AAE values that exceeded 1 (6.78 +/- 0.38 for 17 April and 3.34 +/- 0.11 for 29 June). This enhanced absorption was primarily due to organic aerosol (OA) which contributed significantly to total absorption at all wavelengths for both 17 April (57.7 %) and 29 June 56.2 %). OA contributions to absorption were greater at UV wavelengths than at visible wavelengths for both cases. Differences in AAE values between the two cases were attributed to differences in plume age and thus to differences in the ratio of OA and black carbon (BC) concentrations. However, notable differences between AAE values calculated for the OA (AAE(OA)) for 17 April (11.15 +/- 0.59) and 29 June (4.94 +/- 0.19) suggested differences in the plume AAE values might also be due to differences in organic aerosol composition. The 17 April OA was much more oxidized than the 29 June OA as denoted by a higher oxidation state value for 17 April (+0.16 vs. -0.32). Differences in the AAE(OA), as well as the overall AAE, were thus also possibly due to oxidation of biomass burning primary organic aerosol in the 17 April plume that resulted in the formation of OA with a greater spectral-dependence of absorption. C1 [Corr, C. A.; Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hall, S. R.; Ullmann, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Anderson, B. E.; Beyersdorf, A. J.; Thornhill, K. L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Corr, CA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM ccorr@unh.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Beyersdorf, Andreas/N-1247-2013 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; FU NASA [NNX08AH69G, NNX08AD39G, NNX12AC03G] FX Chelsea A. Corr and Jack E. Dibb were supported for this work by NASA grant NNX08AH69G. Michael J. Cubison and Jose L. Jimenez thank NASA NNX08AD39G and NNX12AC03G for support. We thank Eddie Winstead for his assistance with the in-situ aerosol measurements. The acetonitrile measurements were supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR) and the Tiroler Zukunftstiftung, and were carried out with the help of T. Mikoviny, M Graus, A. Hansel and T. D. Maerk. We thank Yutaka Kondo and the University of Tokyo for the use of their black carbon measurements taken during ARCTAS. We also thank Ron Cohen and the University of California, Berkley for the use of their NO2 measurements and Andrew Weinheimer and the National Center for Atmospheric Research for their O3 measurements. Thanks also to Sasha Madronich for his assistance with the TUV 5.0 model in the initial stage of this work. NR 71 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 34 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 21 BP 10505 EP 10518 DI 10.5194/acp-12-10505-2012 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035NR UT WOS:000310954400031 ER PT J AU Devasthale, A Tjernstrom, M Caian, M Thomas, MA Kahn, BH Fetzer, EJ AF Devasthale, A. Tjernstrom, M. Caian, M. Thomas, M. A. Kahn, B. H. Fetzer, E. J. TI Influence of the Arctic Oscillation on the vertical distribution of clouds as observed by the A-Train constellation of satellites SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; HEMISPHERE ANNULAR MODE; ROSSBY-WAVE-BREAKING; SEA-ICE; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; RADIATION PROPERTIES; FIELD SIGNIFICANCE; CLIMATE IMPACTS; RECENT TRENDS; PART II AB The main purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the dominant mode of natural variability over the northerly high latitudes, on the spatial (horizontal and vertical) distribution of clouds in the Arctic. To that end, we use a suite of sensors on-board NASA's A-Train satellites that provide accurate observations of the distribution of clouds along with information on atmospheric thermodynamics. Data from three independent sensors are used (AQUA-AIRS, CALIOP-CALIPSO and CPR-CloudSat) covering two time periods (winter half years, November through March, of 2002-2011 and 2006-2011, respectively) along with data from the ERA-Interim reanalysis. We show that the zonal vertical distribution of cloud fraction anomalies averaged over 67-82 degrees N to a first approximation follows a dipole structure (referred to as "Greenland cloud dipole anomaly", GCDA), such that during the positive phase of the AO, positive and negative cloud anomalies are observed eastwards and westward of Greenland respectively, while the opposite is true for the negative phase of AO. By investigating the concurrent meteorological conditions (temperature, humidity and winds), we show that differences in the meridional energy and moisture transport during the positive and negative phases of the AO and the associated thermodynamics are responsible for the conditions that are conducive for the formation of this dipole structure. All three satellite sensors broadly observe this large-scale GCDA despite differences in their sensitivities, spatio-temporal and vertical resolutions, and the available lengths of data records, indicating the robustness of the results. The present study also provides a compelling case to carry out process-based evaluation of global and regional climate models. C1 [Devasthale, A.; Caian, M.; Thomas, M. A.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Tjernstrom, M.] Stockholm Univ, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Tjernstrom, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol MISU, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kahn, B. H.; Fetzer, E. J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Devasthale, A (reprint author), Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. EM abhay.devasthale@smhi.se OI Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410; Thomas, Manu Anna/0000-0002-5709-7507; Devasthale, Abhay/0000-0002-6717-8343 FU Swedish National Space Board FX Authors would like to thank two anonymous referees for their constructive remarks and Grigory Nikulin (Rossby Center for Climate Research, SMHI) for discussions regarding field significance test. We also acknowledge the efforts of A-Train Science Teams and data centers (NASA's ASDC and GES DISC, CloudSat DPC, and ECMWF data portal) for making data sets publicly available for research. This work was funded by Swedish National Space Board. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 21 BP 10535 EP 10544 DI 10.5194/acp-12-10535-2012 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035NR UT WOS:000310954400033 ER PT J AU Lunt, DJ Dunkley Jones, T Heinemann, M Huber, M LeGrande, A Winguth, A Loptson, C Marotzke, J Roberts, CD Tindall, J Valdes, P Winguth, C AF Lunt, D. J. Dunkley Jones, Tom Heinemann, M. Huber, M. LeGrande, A. Winguth, A. Loptson, C. Marotzke, J. Roberts, C. D. Tindall, J. Valdes, P. Winguth, C. TI A model-data comparison for a multi-model ensemble of early Eocene atmosphere-ocean simulations: EoMIP SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID FORAMINIFERA ORIDORSALIS-UMBONATUS; SOUTHWEST PACIFIC-OCEAN; THERMAL MAXIMUM; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; SEA TEMPERATURES; COASTAL TANZANIA; MG/CA RATIOS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE AB The early Eocene (similar to 55 to 50 Ma) is a time period which has been explored in a large number of modelling and data studies. Here, using an ensemble of previously published model results, making up "EoMIP" - the Eocene Modelling Intercomparison Project - and syntheses of early Eocene terrestrial and sea surface temperature data, we present a self-consistent inter-model and model-data comparison. This shows that the previous modelling studies exhibit a very wide inter-model variability, but that at high CO2, there is good agreement between models and data for this period, particularly if possible seasonal biases in some of the proxies are considered. An energy balance analysis explores the reasons for the differences between the model results, and suggests that differences in surface albedo feedbacks, water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, and prescribed aerosol loading are the dominant cause for the different results seen in the models, rather than inconsistencies in other prescribed boundary conditions or differences in cloud feedbacks. The CO2 level which would give optimal early Eocene model-data agreement, based on those models which have carried out simulations with more than one CO2 level, is in the range of 2500 ppmv to 6500 ppmv. Given the spread of model results, tighter bounds on proxy estimates of atmospheric CO2 and temperature during this time period will allow a quantitative assessment of the skill of the models at simulating warm climates. If it is the case that a model which gives a good simulation of the Eocene will also give a good simulation of the future, then such an assessment could be used to produce metrics for weighting future climate predictions. C1 [Lunt, D. J.; Loptson, C.; Valdes, P.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Dunkley Jones, Tom] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Heinemann, M.] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Huber, M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [LeGrande, A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Winguth, A.; Winguth, C.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX USA. [Marotzke, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Roberts, C. D.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Tindall, J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Lunt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. EM d.j.lunt@bristol.ac.uk RI Huber, Matthew/A-7677-2008; Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Roberts, Christopher/F-6197-2011; Valdes, Paul/C-4129-2013; Dunkley Jones, Tom/A-8441-2008 OI Huber, Matthew/0000-0002-2771-9977; Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Dunkley Jones, Tom/0000-0002-9518-8143 FU RCUK; NSF [OCE 0902882] FX This paper resulted from discussions at the "CO2 at the zoo" event held in Bristol in 2010, and from a Royal Society Kavli meeting held in 2011. DJL acknowledges funding as an RCUK research fellow. NCEP Reanalysis Derived data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. M. H. was funded by NSF P2C2 grant OCE 0902882. This is PCCRC paper number 1220. NR 65 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1717 EP 1736 DI 10.5194/cp-8-1717-2012 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029BU UT WOS:000310470600022 ER PT J AU Peters, BT Brady, RA Bloomberg, JJ AF Peters, Brian T. Brady, Rachel A. Bloomberg, Jacob J. TI Walking on an Oscillating Treadmill: Strategies of Stride-Time Adaptation SO ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPACE-FLIGHT; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE; BREATHING FREQUENCY; VARIABLE PRACTICE; EXERCISE RHYTHM; WEIGHT SUPPORT; GAIT; ENTRAINMENT; POSTSTROKE AB Gains in mobility, balance, and gait quality have been observed in clinical populations after treadmill training. In our laboratory, we introduce healthy adults to treadmill training programs in an effort to boost their adaptive generalization skills. We hypothesized that some individuals are more naturally predisposed to gait adaptation than others. Stride-time data from 20 healthy adults were collected while they walked on a laterally oscillating treadmill for the first time. We predicted that the more plastic adapters would rapidly synchronize their stride frequencies to the treadmill's oscillation frequency. A treadmill mounted on a 6-degrees-of-freedom motion base platform was programmed to move laterally in a continuous, sinusoidal pattern for 20 min while participants walked at 1.1 m/s. Twenty-five percent of our participants showed a prolonged uninstructed entrained response. Those who did not entrain were still able to adapt to the novel locomotor challenge by applying various alternative strategies. Although entrainment was not required for adaptation, we report compelling evidence that the frequency of the support-surface motion influenced the adapted strategies of 80% of our participants. C1 [Peters, Brian T.; Brady, Rachel A.] Wyle Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Bloomberg, Jacob J.] NASA, Neurosci Labs, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Peters, BT (reprint author), Wyle Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Mail Code SK272,1290 Hercules Dr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM brian.peters-1@nasa.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1040-7413 J9 ECOL PSYCHOL JI Ecol. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 265 EP 278 DI 10.1080/10407413.2012.702637 PG 14 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 037PL UT WOS:000311118900001 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Connell, JW AF Lin, Yi Connell, John W. TI Advances in 2D boron nitride nanostructures: nanosheets, nanoribbons, nanomeshes, and hybrids with graphene SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Review ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; GRAPHENE/MONOLAYER H-BN; HIGH THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; LARGE-SCALE EXFOLIATION; DIAMOND-LIKE NANOFILMS; FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE; TUNABLE BAND-GAP; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES AB The recent surge in graphene research has stimulated interest in the investigation of various 2-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. Among these materials, the 2D boron nitride (BN) nanostructures are in a unique position. This is because they are the isoelectric analogs to graphene structures and share very similar structural characteristics and many physical properties except for the large band gap. The main forms of the 2D BN nanostructures include nanosheets (BNNSs), nanoribbons (BNNRs), and nanomeshes (BNNMs). BNNRs are essentially BNNSs with narrow widths in which the edge effects become significant; BNNMs are also variations of BNNSs, which are supported on certain metal substrates where strong interactions and the lattice mismatch between the substrate and the nanosheet result in periodic shallow regions on the nanosheet surface. Recently, the hybrids of 2D BN nanostructures with graphene, in the form of either in-plane hybrids or inter-plane heterolayers, have also drawn much attention. In particular, the BNNS-graphene heterolayer architectures are finding important electronic applications as BNNSs may serve as excellent dielectric substrates or separation layers for graphene electronic devices. In this article, we first discuss the structural basics, spectroscopic signatures, and physical properties of the 2D BN nanostructures. Then, various top-down and bottom-up preparation methodologies are reviewed in detail. Several sections are dedicated to the preparation of BNNRs, BNNMs, and BNNS-graphene hybrids, respectively. Following some more discussions on the applications of these unique materials, the article is concluded with a summary and perspectives of this exciting new field. C1 [Lin, Yi] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Connell, John W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, 100 Explorat Way, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM yi.lin@nianet.org NR 347 TC 220 Z9 226 U1 90 U2 662 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 22 BP 6908 EP 6939 DI 10.1039/c2nr32201c PG 32 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 035VF UT WOS:000310978100001 PM 23023445 ER PT S AU Bolcar, MR Leisawitz, D Maher, S Rinehart, S AF Bolcar, Matthew R. Leisawitz, David Maher, Steve Rinehart, Stephen BE Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK Malbet, F TI Demonstration of the Wide-field Imaging Interferometer Testbed using a Calibrated Hyperspectral Image Projector SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE, Amer Astronaut Soc (AAS), Netherlands Inst Radio Astron (ASTRON), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Canadian Astron Soc (CASCA), European Astron Soc, European So Observ (ESO), Int Astron Union, Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst (KASI), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POPSud, TNO DE Astronomical interferometry; Fourier-transform spectroscopy; wide-field imaging; hyperspectral image projectors AB The Wide-field Imaging Interferometer testbed (WIIT) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center uses a dual-Michelson interferometric technique. The WIIT combines stellar interferometry with Fourier-transform interferometry to produce high-resolution spatial-spectral data over a large field-of-view. This combined technique could be employed on future NASA missions such as the Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT) and the Sub-millimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure (SPECS). While both SPIRIT and SPECS would operate at far-infrared wavelengths, the WIIT demonstrates the dual-interferometry technique at visible wavelengths. The WIIT will produce hyperspectral image data, so a true hyperspectral object is necessary. A calibrated hyperspectral image projector (CHIP) has been constructed to provide such an object. The CHIP uses Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology to produce customized, spectrally-diverse scenes. CHIP scenes will have approximately 1.6-micron spatial resolution and the capability of producing arbitrary spectra in the band between 380 nm and 1.6 microns, with approximately 5-nm spectral resolution. Each pixel in the scene can take on a unique spectrum. Spectral calibration is achieved with an onboard fiber-coupled spectrometer. In this paper we describe the operation of the CHIP. Results from the WIIT observations of CHIP scenes will also be presented. C1 [Bolcar, Matthew R.; Leisawitz, David; Maher, Steve; Rinehart, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bolcar, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM matthew.bolcar@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9146-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8445 AR 84452D DI 10.1117/12.926221 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCB30 UT WOS:000309579600076 ER PT S AU Bolcar, MR Lyon, RG AF Bolcar, Matthew R. Lyon, Richard G. BE Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK Malbet, F TI Approaches for Achieving Broadband Achromatic Phase Shifts for Visible Nulling Coronagraphy SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE, Amer Astronaut Soc (AAS), Netherlands Inst Radio Astron (ASTRON), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Canadian Astron Soc (CASCA), European Astron Soc, European So Observ (ESO), Int Astron Union, Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst (KASI), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POPSud, TNO DE coronagraphy; interferometry; achromatic phase shift ID INTERFEROMETRY; DESIGN AB Visible nulling coronagraphy is one of the few approaches to the direct detection and characterization of Jovian and Terrestrial exoplanets that works with segmented aperture telescopes. Jovian and Terrestrial planets require at least 10(-9) and 10(-10) image plane contrasts, respectively, within the spectral bandpass and thus require a nearly achromatic pi-phase difference between the arms of the interferometer. An achromatic pi-phase shift can be achieved by several techniques, including sequential angled thick glass plates of varying dispersive materials, distributed thin-film multilayer coatings, or techniques that leverage the polarization-dependent phase shift of total-internal reflections. Herein we describe two implementations of such techniques: sequential thick glass plates and Fresnel rhomb prisms. A viable technique must achieve the achromatic phase shift while simultaneously minimizing the intensity difference, chromatic beam spread and polarization variation between the interferometer arms. In this paper we describe the above implementations and report on the trades associated with each technique that will lead to an implementation of the most promising one in Goddard's Visible Nulling Coronagraph (VNC). C1 [Bolcar, Matthew R.; Lyon, Richard G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bolcar, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM matthew.bolcar@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9146-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8445 AR 84452C DI 10.1117/12.926237 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCB30 UT WOS:000309579600075 ER PT S AU Leisawitz, D Bolcar, MR Lyon, RG Maher, SF Memarsadeghi, N Rinehart, SA Sinukoff, EJ AF Leisawitz, David Bolcar, Matthew R. Lyon, Richard G. Maher, Stephen F. Memarsadeghi, Nargess Rinehart, Stephen A. Sinukoff, Evan J. BE Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK Malbet, F TI Developing wide-field spatio-spectral interferometry for far-infrared space applications SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE, Amer Astronaut Soc (AAS), Netherlands Inst Radio Astron (ASTRON), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Canadian Astron Soc (CASCA), European Astron Soc, European So Observ (ESO), Int Astron Union, Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst (KASI), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POPSud, TNO DE Interferometry; spatio-spectral interferometry; double Fourier interferometry; imaging interferometry; wide-field imaging interferometry; far-infrared; SPIRIT; SPECS ID TESTBED II; RESOLUTION; DESIGN AB Interferometry is an affordable way to bring the benefits of high resolution to space far-IR astrophysics. We summarize an ongoing effort to develop and learn the practical limitations of an interferometric technique that will enable the acquisition of high-resolution far-IR integral field spectroscopic data with a single instrument in a future space-based interferometer. This technique was central to the Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT) and Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure (SPECS) space mission design concepts, and it will first be used on the Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry (BETTII). Our experimental approach combines data from a laboratory optical interferometer (the Wide-field Imaging Interferometry Testbed, WIIT), computational optical system modeling, and spatio-spectral synthesis algorithm development. We summarize recent experimental results and future plans. C1 [Leisawitz, David; Bolcar, Matthew R.; Lyon, Richard G.; Maher, Stephen F.; Memarsadeghi, Nargess; Rinehart, Stephen A.; Sinukoff, Evan J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Leisawitz, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM David.T.Leisawitz@nasa.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9146-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8445 AR 84450A DI 10.1117/12.926812 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCB30 UT WOS:000309579600010 ER PT S AU Lyon, RG Leisawitz, DT Rinehart, SA Memarsadeghi, N Sinukoff, E AF Lyon, R. G. Leisawitz, D. T. Rinehart, S. A. Memarsadeghi, N. Sinukoff, E. BE Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK Malbet, F TI Wide-Field Imaging Interferometry Spatial-Spectral Image Synthesis Algorithms SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Netherlands Inst Radio Astron (ASTRON), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Canadian Astron Soc (CASCA), European Astron Soc, European So Observ (ESO), Int Astron Union, Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst (KASI), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POPSud, TNO DE Imaging interferometry; wide-field interferometry; Michelson interferometry; double-Fourier; image construction; deconvolution; super-resolution AB The Wide-Field Imaging Interferometry Testbed (WIIT) is a wide-field spectral imaging Michelson interferometer developed at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. WIIT is operational and effectively demonstrates imaging and spectroscopy over fields-of-view larger than the narrow primary beam footprint of a conventional Michelson interferometer. At the heart of this technique is the "double-Fourier" approach whereby the apertures and a delay line are both moved to collect interferograms over a 2D wide field detector grid simultaneously; one interferogram per detector pixel. This aggregate set of interferograms, as a function of baseline and delay line, is algorithmically processed to construct a single spatial-spectral cube with angular resolution approaching the ratio of the wavelength to the longest baseline. Herein we develop the mathematical spatial-spectral imaging model and the baseline processing algorithm and show results using simulated data and using WIIT testbed data. C1 [Lyon, R. G.; Leisawitz, D. T.; Rinehart, S. A.; Memarsadeghi, N.; Sinukoff, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lyon, RG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9146-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8445 AR 84450B DI 10.1117/12.926920 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCB30 UT WOS:000309579600011 ER PT S AU Mennesson, B Millan-Gabet, R Colavita, MM Serabyn, E Hinz, P Kuchner, M Liu, W Barry, R Stark, C Ragland, S Woillez, J Traub, W Absil, O Defrere, D Augereau, JC Lebreton, J AF Mennesson, Bertrand Millan-Gabet, Rafael Colavita, M. M. Serabyn, E. Hinz, P. Kuchner, M. Liu, W. Barry, R. Stark, C. Ragland, S. Woillez, J. Traub, W. Absil, O. Defrere, D. Augereau, J. C. Lebreton, J. BE Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK Malbet, F TI Keck Interferometer Nuller Science Highlights SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Netherlands Inst Radio Astron (ASTRON), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Canadian Astron Soc (CASCA), European Astron Soc, European So Observ (ESO), Int Astron Union, Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst (KASI), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POPSud, TNO DE Nulling- Exozodiacal Light; Infrared; Young Stars; Symbiotic Stars; Main Sequence Stars AB We report here on some of the major astronomical observations obtained by the Keck Interferometer Nuller (KIN), the high dynamic range instrument recombining the Keck Telescopes at wavelengths of 8 to 13 microns. A few science targets were observed during the commissioning phase (2004-2007). These early observations aimed at demonstrating the KIN's ability to spatially resolve and characterize circumstellar dust emission around a variety of targets, ranging from evolved stars to young debris disks. Science operations started then in 2008 with the more demanding KIN exozodi key science programs, augmented by observations of YSOs and hot debris disks between 2009 and 2011. The last KIN observations were gathered in 2011B, and the interpretation of some of the results depicted here is still preliminary (exo-zodi survey) or pending (complicated behavior observed in YSOs). We discuss in particular the initial results of the KIN's exo-zodi observations, which targeted a total of 40 nearby main sequence single stars. We look for trends in this sample, searching for possible correlations between the measured KIN excesses and basic stellar properties such as spectral type or the presence of dust inferred from separate observations. C1 [Mennesson, Bertrand; Colavita, M. M.; Serabyn, E.; Traub, W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mennesson, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Bertrand.Mennesson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9146-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8445 AR 844507 DI 10.1117/12.926548 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCB30 UT WOS:000309579600007 ER PT S AU Rinehart, SA Barclay, RB Barry, RK Benford, DJ Calhoun, PC Fixsen, DJ Gorman, ET Jackson, ML Jhabvala, CA Leisawitz, DT Maher, SF Mentzell, JE Mundy, LG Rizzo, MJ Silverberg, RF Staguhn, JG AF Rinehart, S. A. Barclay, R. B. Barry, R. K. Benford, D. J. Calhoun, P. C. Fixsen, D. J. Gorman, E. T. Jackson, M. L. Jhabvala, C. A. Leisawitz, D. T. Maher, S. F. Mentzell, J. E. Mundy, L. G. Rizzo, M. J. Silverberg, R. F. Staguhn, J. G. BE Delplancke, F Rajagopal, JK Malbet, F TI Design and Status of the Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry (BETTII): An Interferometer at the Edge of Space SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry III CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE, Amer Astron Soc, Netherlands Inst Radio Astron (ASTRON), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Canadian Astron Soc (CASCA), European Astron Soc, European So Observ (ESO), Int Astron Union, Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst (KASI), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POPSud, TNO DE Interferometry; Far-Infrared; Balloon ID WAVELENGTHS; BOLOMETERS AB The Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry (BETTII) is an 8-meter baseline far-infrared interferometer designed to fly on a high altitude balloon. BETTII uses a double-Fourier Michelson interferometer to simultaneously obtain spatial and spectral information on science targets; the long baseline permits subarcsecond angular resolution, a capability unmatched by other far-infrared facilities. Here, we present key aspects of the overall design of the mission and provide an overview of the current status of the project. We also discuss briefly the implications of this experiment for future space-based far-infrared interferometers. C1 [Rinehart, S. A.; Barclay, R. B.; Barry, R. K.; Benford, D. J.; Calhoun, P. C.; Fixsen, D. J.; Gorman, E. T.; Jackson, M. L.; Jhabvala, C. A.; Leisawitz, D. T.; Maher, S. F.; Mentzell, J. E.; Rizzo, M. J.; Silverberg, R. F.; Staguhn, J. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rinehart, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Stephen.A.Rinehart@nasa.gov RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9146-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8445 AR 844508 DI 10.1117/12.926376 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCB30 UT WOS:000309579600008 ER PT S AU Atkinson, C Texter, S Grumman, N Keski-Kuha, R Feinberg, L AF Atkinson, Charlie Texter, Scott Grumman, Northrop Keski-Kuha, Ritva Feinberg, Lee BE Clampin, MC Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA Oschmann, JM TI Status of the JWST Optical Telescope Element SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE JWST; space-based; observatory; infrared AB Significant progress has been made in the development of the Optical Telescope Element (OTE) for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Observatory. All of the mirror assemblies are complete and through final testing. The composite Pathfinder Primary Mirror Backplane Support Structure (PMBSS) has been completed and the flight structure is making significant progress. This paper will discuss the current status of all the OTE components and the plan forward to completion. C1 [Atkinson, Charlie; Texter, Scott; Grumman, Northrop; Keski-Kuha, Ritva; Feinberg, Lee] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Atkinson, C (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9143-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8442 AR 84422E DI 10.1117/12.927594 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCM09 UT WOS:000310691600074 ER PT S AU Belikov, R Pluzhnik, E Witteborn, FC Greene, TP Lynch, DH Zell, PT Schneider, G Guyon, O Tenerelli, D AF Belikov, Ruslan Pluzhnik, Eugene Witteborn, Fred C. Greene, Thomas P. Lynch, Dana H. Zell, Peter T. Schneider, Glenn Guyon, Olivier Tenerelli, Domenick BE Clampin, MC Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA Oschmann, JM TI EXCEDE Technology Development I: First demonstrations of high contrast at 1.2 lambda/D for an Explorer space telescope mission SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE extrasolar planet; high contrast; coronagraph; PIAA; wavefront control ID CORONAGRAPHY; SYSTEMS AB Coronagraph technology is advancing and promises to enable space telescopes capable of seeing debris disks as well as seeing and spectrally characterizing exo-Earths. Recently, NASA's explorer program has selected the EXCEDE (EXoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer) mission concept for technology development. EXCEDE is a 0.7m space telescope concept designed to achieve raw contrasts of 1e-6 at an inner working angle of 1.2 lambda/D and 1e-7 at 2 lambda/D. In addition to doing fundamental science on debris disks, EXCEDE will also serve as a technological and scientific precursor for an exo-Earth imaging mission. EXCEDE uses a Starlight Suppression System (SSS) based on the Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph to provide high throughput and high contrast close to the diffraction limit, enabling aggressive performance on small telescopes. We report on the latest progress in developing the SSS and present coronagraphic performance results from our air testbed at NASA Ames. Our results include a lab demonstration of 1e-5 contrast at 1.2 lambda/D, 1.3e-6 contrast at 1.4 lambda/D and 2e-8 at 2 lambda/D in monochromatic light. In addition, we discuss tip-tilt instabilities, which are believed to be our main limiting factor at present, and ways of characterizing them. C1 [Belikov, Ruslan; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Witteborn, Fred C.; Greene, Thomas P.; Lynch, Dana H.; Zell, Peter T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schneider, Glenn; Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tenerelli, Domenick] Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Belikov, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Ruslan.belikov@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ames Research Center; Technology Developmant for Exoplanet Missions (TDEM) at NASA's Science Mission Directorate [NNH09ZDA001N-TDEM] FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ames Research Center, as well as the NASA Explorer program and the Technology Developmant for Exoplanet Missions (TDEM) program through solocitation NNH09ZDA001N-TDEM at NASA's Science Mission Directorate. It was carried out at the NASA Ames Research Center. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9143-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8442 AR 844209 DI 10.1117/12.927218 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCM09 UT WOS:000310691600008 ER PT S AU Bolcar, MR Aronstein, DL Hill, PC Smith, JS Zielinski, TP AF Bolcar, Matthew R. Aronstein, David L. Hill, Peter C. Smith, J. Scott Zielinski, Thomas P. BE Clampin, MC Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA Oschmann, JM TI Qualification of a Null Lens Using Image-Based Phase Retrieval SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE phase retrieval; null lens test; asphere metrology ID ALGORITHM AB In measuring the figure error of an aspheric optic using a null lens, the wavefront contribution from the null lens must be independently and accurately characterized in order to isolate the optical performance of the aspheric optic alone. Various techniques can be used to characterize such a null lens, including interferometry, profilometry and image-based methods. Only image-based methods, such as phase retrieval, can measure the null-lens wavefront in situ - in single-pass, and at the same conjugates and in the same alignment state in which the null lens will ultimately be used - with no additional optical components. Due to the intended purpose of a null lens (e. g., to null a large aspheric wavefront with a near-equal-but-opposite spherical wavefront), characterizing a null-lens wavefront presents several challenges to image-based phase retrieval: Large wavefront slopes and high-dynamic-range data decrease the capture range of phase-retrieval algorithms, increase the requirements on the fidelity of the forward model of the optical system, and make it difficult to extract diagnostic information (e. g., the system F/#) from the image data. In this paper, we present a study of these effects on phase-retrieval algorithms in the context of a null lens used in component development for the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission. Approaches for mitigation are also discussed. C1 [Bolcar, Matthew R.; Aronstein, David L.; Hill, Peter C.; Smith, J. Scott; Zielinski, Thomas P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bolcar, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM matthew.bolcar@nasa.gov RI Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9143-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8442 AR 844251 DI 10.1117/12.926231 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCM09 UT WOS:000310691600154 ER PT S AU Bos, BJ Howard, JM Young, PJ Gracey, R Seals, LT Ohl, RG AF Bos, Brent J. Howard, Joseph M. Young, Philip J. Gracey, Renee Seals, Lenward T. Ohl, Raymond G. BE Clampin, MC Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA Oschmann, JM TI Global alignment optimization strategies, procedures and tools for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE James Webb Space Telescope; optimization; space telescope; optical alignment; optics ID FINE GUIDANCE SENSOR AB During cryogenic vacuum testing of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM), the global alignment of the ISIM with respect to the designed interface of the JWST optical telescope element (OTE) will be measured through a series of optical characterization tests. These tests will determine the locations and orientations of the JWST science instrument projected focal surfaces and entrance pupils with respect to their corresponding OTE optical interfaces. Thermal, finite element and optical modeling will then be used to predict the on-orbit optical performance of the observatory. If any optical performance non-compliances are identified, the ISIM will be adjusted to improve its performance. If this becomes necessary, ISIM has a variety of adjustments that can be made. The lengths of the six kinematic mount struts that attach the ISIM to the OTE can be modified and five science instrument focus positions and two pupil positions can be individually adjusted as well. In order to understand how to manipulate the ISIM's degrees of freedom properly and to prepare for the ISIM flight model testing, we have completed a series of optical-mechanical analyses to develop and identify the best approaches for bringing a non-compliant ISIM Element back into compliance. During this work several unknown misalignment scenarios were produced and the simulated optical performance metrics were input into various mathematical modeling and optimization tools to determine how the ISIM degrees of freedom should be adjusted to provide the best overall optical performance. C1 [Bos, Brent J.; Howard, Joseph M.; Seals, Lenward T.; Ohl, Raymond G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 551, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bos, BJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 551, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9143-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8442 AR 84423I DI 10.1117/12.926365 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCM09 UT WOS:000310691600110 ER PT S AU Bradford, CM Beyer, A Kenyon, M Runyan, MC Bumble, B Echternach, P Prouve, T Holmes, WA Bock, JJ Irwin, K AF Bradford, C. M. Beyer, A. Kenyon, M. Runyan, M. C. Bumble, B. Echternach, P. Prouve, T. Holmes, W. A. Bock, J. J. Irwin, K. BE Clampin, MC Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA Oschmann, JM TI Progress toward BLISS, the background-limited infrared-submillimeter spectrograph for SPICA SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Bolometer; TES; Far-IR Spectroscopy ID BLACK-HOLES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; GALAXIES; SYSTEM; SPECTROSCOPY; ACCRETION; GROWTH; MASS; WAVE AB We are developing the Background-Limited Infrared-Submillimeter Spectrograph (BLISS) for SPICA to provide a breakthrough capability for far-IR survey spectroscopy. The 3.2-meter, actively-cooled (T<6K) SPICA telescope allows mid-IR to submm observations which are limited only by the natural backgrounds, and BLISS is designed to operate near this fundamental limit. BLISS-SPICA provide a line sensitivity of 10(-20) Wm(-2), thereby enabling spectroscopy of dust-obscured galaxies at all epochs back to the first billion years after the Big Bang (redshift 6), and study of all stages of planet formation in circumstellar disks. BLISS covers the 35-430 micron waveband at moderate resolving power (300