FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Raugh, AC Hughes, JS AF Raugh, Anne C. Hughes, John S. BE Taylor, AR Rosolowsky, E TI An Overview of PDS4 Archival File Formats SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS: XXIV SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems, ADASS XXIV CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Univ Calgary, Calgary, CANADA SP Anglo-Australian Observ, Cybera Inc, Univ Calgary, European Space Agcy, European So Observ, Infrared Process & Anal Ctr, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Space Telescope Sci Inst HO Univ Calgary AB The Planetary Data System (PDS) is nearing the completion of the fourth (PDS4) version of its archive data standards. This version is a complete, ground-up redesign based on over two decades of institutional experience archiving observations from spacecraft, landers, and ground-based observatories and labs. We present an overview of the PDS4 archival formats, their derivation, and the rationale behind the format constraints and requirements. C1 [Raugh, Anne C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hughes, John S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Raugh, AC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-875-6; 978-1-58381-874-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 495 BP 551 EP 554 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BE3OY UT WOS:000371098000120 ER PT J AU Sankavaram, C Kodali, A Pattipati, KR Singh, S AF Sankavaram, Chaitanya Kodali, Anuradha Pattipati, Krishna R. Singh, Satnam TI Incremental Classifiers for Data-Driven Fault Diagnosis Applied to Automotive Systems SO IEEE ACCESS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive learning; automotive systems; ensemble systems; fault diagnosis; incremental classifiers ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; TUTORIAL AB One of the common ways to perform data-driven fault diagnosis is to employ statistical models, which can classify the data into nominal (healthy) and a fault class or distinguish among different fault classes. The former is termed fault (anomaly) detection, and the latter is termed fault isolation (classification, diagnosis). Traditionally, statistical classifiers are trained using data from faulty and nominal behaviors in a batch mode. However, it is difficult to anticipate, a priori, all the possible ways in which failures can occur, especially when a new vehicle model is introduced. Therefore, it is imperative that diagnostic algorithms adapt to new cases on an ongoing basis. In this paper, a unified methodology to incrementally learn new information from evolving databases is presented. The performance of adaptive (or incremental learning) classification techniques is discussed when: 1) the new data has the same fault classes and same features and 2) the new data has new fault classes, but with the same set of observed features. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on data sets derived from an automotive electronic throttle control subsystem. C1 [Sankavaram, Chaitanya; Kodali, Anuradha; Pattipati, Krishna R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Sankavaram, Chaitanya] Gen Motors Global Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Kodali, Anuradha] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Singh, Satnam] Gen Motors India Sci Lab, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India. [Singh, Satnam] CA Technol, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. RP Sankavaram, C (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM chaitanya.sankavaram@gmail.com FU General Motors India Science Laboratory, Bangalore, India FX This work was supported by the General Motors India Science Laboratory, Bangalore, India. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2169-3536 J9 IEEE ACCESS JI IEEE Access PY 2015 VL 3 BP 407 EP 419 DI 10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2422833 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA DF5JP UT WOS:000371388200030 ER PT B AU Teyssier, D Cernicharo, J Quintana-Lacaci, G Agundez, M Barlow, MJ Daniel, F De Beck, E Decin, L Lario, PG Groenewegen, MAT Neufeld, DA Pearson, JC AF Teyssier, D. Cernicharo, J. Quintana-Lacaci, G. Agundez, M. Barlow, M. J. Daniel, F. De Beck, E. Decin, L. Garcia Lario, P. Groenewegen, M. A. T. Neufeld, D. A. Pearson, J. C. BE Kerschbaum, F Wing, RF Hron, J TI Time Variability of Molecular Line Emission in IRC+10216 SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS III: A CLOSER LOOK IN SPACE AND TIME SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars III: A Closer Look in Space and Time CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2014 CL Univ Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Univ Vienna, Ohio State Univ, Robert Wing Support Fund, Austrian Sci Fund, Vienna Convent Bur HO Univ Vienna ID CW LEONIS; HERSCHEL; INSTRUMENT AB We present the results of monitoring the molecular emission of the C-rich AGB star IRC+10216 over 3 years with the Herschel Space Observatory. Observations of rotational transitions of various vibrational levels of CO, (CO)-C-13, CS, CCH, H2O, SiO, SiS, SiC2, HCN and HNC have been collected with the HIFI, PACS and SPIRE instruments over multiple epochs. The intensity monitoring shows strong and periodic variations of most of the observed molecules, often with differential behavior depending on the transition level (larger variation at higher J), and generally enhanced modulations in the vibrational modes of some of these molecules (e.g. HCN). These results show that the effect of LR pumping through the different vibrational levels on the emergent line profiles of a given transition can be really significant. This implies that the IR radiation field of the circumstellar envelope and its time variation has to be taken into account in any radiative transfer model in order to derive accurately the physico-chemical structure of the envelope. C1 [Teyssier, D.; Garcia Lario, P.] ESA, ESAC, Madrid, Spain. [Cernicharo, J.; Quintana-Lacaci, G.; Agundez, M.] CSIC, ICMM, Madrid, Spain. [Barlow, M. J.] UCL, London, England. [Daniel, F.] Inst Planetol & Astrophys IPAG, Grenoble, France. [De Beck, E.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Decin, L.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, Louvain, Belgium. [Groenewegen, M. A. T.] Royal Observ Belgium, Brussels, Belgium. [Neufeld, D. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Pearson, J. C.] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Teyssier, D (reprint author), ESA, ESAC, Madrid, Spain. EM dteyssier@sciops.esa.int; edebeck@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; marting@oma.be NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-879-4; 978-1-58381-878-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 497 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE3OZ UT WOS:000371098100005 ER PT B AU Ryde, N Lambert, J Richter, MJ Josselin, E Harper, GM Eriksson, K Boogert, A DeWitt, C Encrenaz, T Greathouse, T Jaffe, D Kulas, K McKelvey, M Najita, J Vacca, W AF Ryde, N. Lambert, J. Richter, M. J. Josselin, E. Harper, G. M. Eriksson, K. Boogert, A. DeWitt, C. Encrenaz, T. Greathouse, T. Jaffe, D. Kulas, K. McKelvey, M. Najita, J. Vacca, W. BE Kerschbaum, F Wing, RF Hron, J TI Evolved Stars with Complex Atmospheres - the High Spectral Resolution, mid-IR View SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS III: A CLOSER LOOK IN SPACE AND TIME SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars III: A Closer Look in Space and Time CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2014 CL Univ Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Univ Vienna, Ohio State Univ, Robert Wing Support Fund, Austrian Sci Fund, Vienna Convent Bur HO Univ Vienna ID WATER-VAPOR; EMISSION-LINES; MU-M; TEXES; BETELGEUSE; ARCTURUS; PROCYON; GIANTS; MGI AB The physical structures of the outer atmospheres of red giants are not known. They are certainly complex, and a range of recent observations are showing that we need to embrace non-classical model atmospheres to interpret these regions. This region's properties are of importance, not the least for an understanding of the mass-loss mechanism for these stars. Here we present observational constraints on the outer regions of red giants, based on mid-IR, high spectral resolution spectra. We also discuss possible non-LTE effects and highlight a new non-LTE code that will be used to analyse the spectra of these atmospheric layers. We conclude by mentioning our new SOFIA/EXES observations of red giants at 67 mu m, where the vibration-rotation lines of water vapour can be detected and spectrally resolved for the first time. C1 [Ryde, N.; Lambert, J.] Lund Univ, Lund Observ, Dept Astron & Theoret Phys, Lund, Sweden. [Richter, M. J.; DeWitt, C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Josselin, E.] Univ Montpellier 2, UPM, Montpellier, France. [Harper, G. M.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Astrophys Res Grp, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Eriksson, K.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Uppsala, Sweden. [Boogert, A.; Vacca, W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA SOFIA Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Encrenaz, T.] Univ Paris 07, UPMC, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, Meudon, France. [Greathouse, T.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Jaffe, D.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kulas, K.; McKelvey, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Najita, J.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Ryde, N (reprint author), Lund Univ, Lund Observ, Dept Astron & Theoret Phys, Lund, Sweden. EM ryde@astro.lu.se; lambert@astro.lu.se; eric.josselin@univ-montp2.fr; kjell.eriksson@astro.uu.se NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-879-4; 978-1-58381-878-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 497 BP 67 EP 71 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE3OZ UT WOS:000371098100008 ER PT B AU De Nutte, R Decin, L Olofsson, H de Koter, A Lombaert, R Milam, S Ramstedt, S AF De Nutte, R. Decin, L. Olofsson, H. de Koter, A. Lombaert, R. Milam, S. Ramstedt, S. BE Kerschbaum, F Wing, RF Hron, J TI Nucleosynthesis in AGB Stars Traced by Oxygen Isotopic Ratios SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS III: A CLOSER LOOK IN SPACE AND TIME SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars III: A Closer Look in Space and Time CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2014 CL Univ Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Univ Vienna, Ohio State Univ, Robert Wing Support Fund, Austrian Sci Fund, Vienna Convent Bur HO Univ Vienna ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; IK TAURI; MASS; VAPOR; WIND; II.; CO AB Isotopic ratios are by far the best diagnostic tracers of the stellar origin of elements, as they are very sensitive to the precise conditions in the nuclear burning regions. They allow us to give direct constraints on stellar evolution models and on the progenitor mass. However, up to now different isotopic ratios have been well constrained for only a handful of Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars. We present new data on isotopologue lines of a well-selected sample of AGB stars, covering the three spectral classes of C-, S- and M-type stars. We report on the first efforts made in determining accurate isotopologue fractions, focusing on oxygen isotopes which are a crucial tracer of the poorly constrained extra mixing processes in stellar atmospheres. C1 [De Nutte, R.; Decin, L.; de Koter, A.; Lombaert, R.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Astron, Louvain, Belgium. [Decin, L.; de Koter, A.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Olofsson, H.] Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-43900 Onsala, Sweden. [Milam, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Ramstedt, S.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Uppsala, Sweden. RP De Nutte, R (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Astron, Louvain, Belgium. EM rutger.denutte@ster.kuleuven.be; hans.olofsson@chalmers.se; robinl@ster.kuleuven.be; sofia.ramstedt@physics.uu.se NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-879-4; 978-1-58381-878-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 497 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE3OZ UT WOS:000371098100054 ER PT B AU Tchernyshyov, K Meixner, M Dwek, E Temim, T Boyer, M AF Tchernyshyov, Kirill Meixner, Margaret Dwek, Eli Temim, Tea Boyer, Martha BE Kerschbaum, F Wing, RF Hron, J TI EvolutioN of Grains in the MAgellanic Clouds (ENiGMA) SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS III: A CLOSER LOOK IN SPACE AND TIME SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars III: A Closer Look in Space and Time CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2014 CL Univ Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Univ Vienna, Ohio State Univ, Robert Wing Support Fund, Austrian Sci Fund, Vienna Convent Bur HO Univ Vienna ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; DUST BUDGET; FORMATION HISTORY; EXCESS EMISSION; GLOBAL GAS; SUPERNOVAE; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; SUBMILLIMETER; METALLICITY; HERSCHEL AB Many of the stages in the life cycle of dust are poorly understood. Historically, this has been due to a dearth of data and a corresponding lack of well-motivated theory. The Magellanic Clouds, which have been observationally studied in depth and over a wide wavelength range, are optimal locations to test and expand our theoretical knowledge of dust microphysics. Towards this end, we present a preliminary model for the evolution of metal and dust abundances in the Small Magellanic Cloud. This preliminary model includes dust production by stellar sources, dust destruction by supernova shocks, and dust and metal removal by galactic winds. We can approximately reproduce the observed metal abundances and the galaxy-wide dust production rate from Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, but we underpredict the total dust mass by an order of magnitude. We discuss the possible effects of some of our assumptions on the predicted dust mass. C1 [Tchernyshyov, Kirill; Meixner, Margaret] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Meixner, Margaret] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dwek, Eli; Temim, Tea; Boyer, Martha] NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Temim, Tea] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, CRESST, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Boyer, Martha] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Tchernyshyov, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-879-4; 978-1-58381-878-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 497 BP 363 EP 367 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE3OZ UT WOS:000371098100071 ER PT B AU Girardi, L Beerman, LC Boyer, ML Dalcanton, JJ Dolphin, A Fouesnaeu, M Hamren, K Johnson, LC Lang, D Lewis, A Marigo, P Rosenfield, P Senchyna, P Seth, AC Veyette, M Weisz, DR Williams, BF AF Girardi, Leo Beerman, Lori C. Boyer, Martha L. Dalcanton, Julianne J. Dolphin, Andrew Fouesnaeu, Morgan Hamren, Katherine Johnson, L. Clifton Lang, Dustin Lewis, Alexia Marigo, Paola Rosenfield, Philip Senchyna, Peter Seth, Anil C. Veyette, Mark Weisz, Daniel R. Williams, Benjamin F. BE Kerschbaum, F Wing, RF Hron, J TI TP-AGB Stars in M31: Results from PHAT SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS III: A CLOSER LOOK IN SPACE AND TIME SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars III: A Closer Look in Space and Time CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2014 CL Univ Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Univ Vienna, Ohio State Univ, Robert Wing Support Fund, Austrian Sci Fund, Vienna Convent Bur HO Univ Vienna ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; MAGELLANIC CLOUD CLUSTERS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; ANDROMEDA GALAXY; DISK; I.; PHOTOMETRY; EVOLUTION; BULGE; POPULATIONS AB The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) is an HST multi-cycle treasury program that mapped one-third of M31 from the UV through the near-IR. It provides photometry in up to 6 filters for about 117 million stars distributed across similar to 20 kpc of the M31 disk, with a spatial resolution comparable to that routinely attained for the Magellanic Clouds from the ground. These data are revolutionising our view of the spatial distribution of stars and dust across M31. Here we present an overview of PHAT data and results, with a focus on the thermally -pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) stars. We comment on (1) the overall spatial distribution of TP-AGB stars as compared to stars of the red giant branch (RGB); (2) the detection of a dramatic drop in the C/M ratio toward the inner M31 disk; (3) the large population of TP-AGB stars in star clusters; (4) an improved view of the planetary nebula population; and (5) the unusual populations of UV -bright stars in the M31 bulge, which correspond to either post-AGB or "failed-AGB" stars. These rich datasets allow us to test the evolution of TP-AGB stars in a metal -rich and star -forming environment, avoiding the incompleteness and distance uncertainties that severely limit similar studies in the Milky Way. C1 [Girardi, Leo] Osservatorio Astron Padova INAF, Padua, Italy. [Beerman, Lori C.; Dalcanton, Julianne J.; Johnson, L. Clifton; Lewis, Alexia; Senchyna, Peter; Veyette, Mark; Weisz, Daniel R.; Williams, Benjamin F.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Boyer, Martha L.] NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Dolphin, Andrew] Raytheon Co, Tucson, AZ USA. [Fouesnaeu, Morgan] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hamren, Katherine] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lang, Dustin] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Marigo, Paola; Rosenfield, Philip] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron G Galilei, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Seth, Anil C.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Veyette, Mark] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Girardi, L (reprint author), Osservatorio Astron Padova INAF, Padua, Italy. EM leo.girardi@oapd.inaf.it; martha.boyer@nasa.gov; khamren@ucolick.org; paola.marigo@unipd.it; philip.rosenfield@unipd.it NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-879-4; 978-1-58381-878-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 497 BP 413 EP 421 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE3OZ UT WOS:000371098100084 ER PT B AU Sloan, GC Lagadec, E Kraemer, KE Boyer, ML Srinivasan, S McDonald, I Zijlstra, AA AF Sloan, G. C. Lagadec, E. Kraemer, K. E. Boyer, M. L. Srinivasan, S. McDonald, I. Zijlstra, A. A. BE Kerschbaum, F Wing, RF Hron, J TI Photometric Properties of Carbon Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS III: A CLOSER LOOK IN SPACE AND TIME SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars III: A Closer Look in Space and Time CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2014 CL Univ Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Univ Vienna, Ohio State Univ, Robert Wing Support Fund, Austrian Sci Fund, Vienna Convent Bur HO Univ Vienna ID LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; CATALOG AB The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment identified over 1,800 carbon rich Mira and semi-regular variables in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Multi-epoch infrared photometry reveals that the semi-regulars and Miras follow different sequences in color-color space when using colors sensitive to molecular absorption bands. The dustiest Miras have the strongest pulsation amplitudes and longest periods. Efforts to determine bolometric magnitudes reveal possible systematic errors with published bolometric corrections. C1 [Sloan, G. C.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lagadec, E.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange, F-06189 Nice, France. [Kraemer, K. E.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Boyer, M. L.] NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Srinivasan, S.] Taiwan Natl Univ, Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. [McDonald, I.; Zijlstra, A. A.] Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Sloan, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sloan@isc.astro.cornell.edu; elagadec@eso.org; martha.boyer@nasa.gov; sundar@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; mcdonald@jb.man.ac.uk NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-879-4; 978-1-58381-878-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 497 BP 429 EP 434 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE3OZ UT WOS:000371098100086 ER PT B AU Boyer, ML McQuinn, KBW Barmby, P Bonanos, AZ Gehrz, RD Gordon, KD Groenewegen, MAT Lagadec, E Lennon, D Marengo, M Meixner, M Skillman, E Sloan, GC Sonneborn, G van Loon, JT Zijlstra, AA AF Boyer, Martha L. McQuinn, K. B. W. Barmby, P. Bonanos, A. Z. Gehrz, R. D. Gordon, K. D. Groenewegen, M. A. T. Lagadec, E. Lennon, D. Marengo, M. Meixner, M. Skillman, E. Sloan, G. C. Sonneborn, G. van Loon, J. Th Zijlstra, A. A. BE Kerschbaum, F Wing, RF Hron, J TI DUST in Nearby Galaxies with Spitzer (DUSTINGS): An Infrared Census of Extreme AGB Stars in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS III: A CLOSER LOOK IN SPACE AND TIME SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars III: A Closer Look in Space and Time CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2014 CL Univ Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Univ Vienna, Ohio State Univ, Robert Wing Support Fund, Austrian Sci Fund, Vienna Convent Bur HO Univ Vienna ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; LOCAL GROUP DWARFS; MASS-LOSS RETURN; EVOLVED STARS; LOW METALLICITY; IRAC CENSUS; SAGE SURVEY; MU-M; EVOLUTION AB Nearby resolved dwarf galaxies provide excellent opportunities for studying the dust-producing late stages of stellar evolution. DUSTiNGS (DUST in Nearby Galaxies with Spitzer) is a 3.6- and 4.5-mu m imaging survey of 50 dwarf galaxies within 1.5 Mpc. We obtained observations in two epochs, separated by approximately 6 months, to assist in identifying long-period thermally-pulsing (TP-)AGB stars. We find more than 500 dusty variable TP-AGB stars (sometimes called extreme AGB stars). The majority of these stars are new discoveries, including 12 with [Fe/H] < -2 dex. These stars are likely in the superwind phase and thus dominate the current AGB dust input to the interstellar medium of their respective galaxies. C1 [Boyer, Martha L.; Sonneborn, G.] NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [McQuinn, K. B. W.; Gehrz, R. D.; Skillman, E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Barmby, P.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON, Canada. [Bonanos, A. Z.] Natl Observ Athens, IAASARS, Athens, Greece. [Gordon, K. D.; Meixner, M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Groenewegen, M. A. T.] Royal Observ Belgium, Uccle, Belgium. [Lagadec, E.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, F-06189 Nice, France. [Lennon, D.] ESA European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid, Spain. [Marengo, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA USA. [Sloan, G. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [van Loon, J. Th] Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Keele, Staffs, England. [Zijlstra, A. A.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Boyer, ML (reprint author), NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM martha.boyer@nasa.gov; marting@oma.be; elagadec@eso.org; mmarengo@iastate.edu; meixner@stsci.edu; sloan@isc.astro.cornell.edu RI Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-879-4; 978-1-58381-878-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 497 BP 453 EP 458 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE3OZ UT WOS:000371098100090 ER PT B AU Boyer, ML Girardi, L Marigo, P Williams, BF Aringer, B Nowotny, W Rosenfield, P Dorman, CE Guhathakurta, P Dalcanton, JJ Melbourne, JL Olsen, KAG Weisz, DR AF Boyer, Martha L. Girardi, L. Marigo, P. Williams, B. F. Aringer, B. Nowotny, W. Rosenfield, P. Dorman, C. E. Guhathakurta, P. Dalcanton, J. J. Melbourne, J. L. Olsen, K. A. G. Weisz, D. R. BE Kerschbaum, F Wing, RF Hron, J TI Where is the Metallicity Ceiling to Form Carbon Stars?-A Scarcity of Carbon Stars in the Inner Disk of M31 SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS III: A CLOSER LOOK IN SPACE AND TIME SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars III: A Closer Look in Space and Time CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2014 CL Univ Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Univ Vienna, Ohio State Univ, Robert Wing Support Fund, Austrian Sci Fund, Vienna Convent Bur HO Univ Vienna ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; DUST BUDGET; AGB STARS; EVOLUTION; MODELS; YIELDS; I. AB We have used a novel technique involving near-infrared colors from the Hubble Space Telescope to distinguish C stars from M stars in a field in M31. The resulting C/M ratio is much lower than other estimates in M31. C1 [Boyer, Martha L.] NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Girardi, L.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Padua, Italy. [Marigo, P.; Rosenfield, P.] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron G Galilei, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Williams, B. F.; Rosenfield, P.; Dalcanton, J. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Aringer, B.; Nowotny, W.] Univ Vienna, Dept Astrophys, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Dorman, C. E.; Guhathakurta, P.; Weisz, D. R.] Univ Calif Observ, Lick Obervatory, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Melbourne, J. L.] CALTECH, Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Olsen, K. A. G.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP Boyer, ML (reprint author), NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM martha.boyer@nasa.gov; leo.girardi@oapd.inaf.it; paola.marigo@unipd.it; aringer@astro.univie.ac.at; walter.nowotny@univie.ac.at; philip.rosenfield@unipd.it NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-879-4; 978-1-58381-878-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 497 BP 479 EP 480 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE3OZ UT WOS:000371098100094 ER PT S AU Fletcher, A Mathias, D Close, S AF Fletcher, Alexander Mathias, Donovan Close, Sigrid GP IEEE TI Susceptibility of Spacecraft to Impact-Induced Electromagnetic Pulses SO 2015 61ST ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM (RAMS 2015) SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-29, 2015 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP AIAA, ASQ, Elect, ASQ, Reliabil Div, IEEE Reliabil Soc, SAE Int, Inst Ind Engineers, IEST, Soc Reliabil Enineers, Int Syst Safety Soc ID SPH; HYDRODYNAMICS; RADAR AB Spacecraft are routinely bombarded with interplanetary dust particles, called meteoroids, and defunct objects of human origin, called orbital debris. Collectively we refer to these particles as hypervelocity impactors. Meteoroids have impact speeds up to 72 km/s and orbital debris have impact speeds < 11 km/s in low Earth orbit. Most hypervelocity impactors possess enough energy to ionize and vaporize themselves as well as a significant portion of the spacecraft material upon impact, forming a plasma that rapidly expands into the surrounding vacuum. A plasma is a gas of charged particles whose dynamics are dominated by electromagnetic forces. Under certain conditions, the expansion of the impact-induced plasma can trigger electrostatic discharges and electromagnetic pulses that can disable or destroy spacecraft electronics, and in the worst cases, result in complete loss of mission. A number of spacecraft have experienced unexplained electrical anomalies correlated with impact events or meteoroid showers. The associated electrical effects and potential for damage to satellite electronics through these processes have not been previously investigated. This paper describes multi-physics simulations of particle impacts on spacecraft using a combination of computational continuum dynamics and electromagnetic particle-in-cell methods. These simulations incorporate elasticity and plasticity of the solid target, phase change and plasma formation, strongly coupled plasma physics due to the high density and low temperature of the plasma, a fully kinetic description of the plasma, and free space electromagnetic radiation. By simulating a series of hypervelocity impacts, we determine properties (e.g., temperature, expansion speed, and charge state) of the plasma plume for impact speeds from 10 km/s to 72 km/s, and particle masses from one femtogram to one microgram. These plasma properties yield the amplitude, frequency, directionality, and the spatial and temporal decay of impact-induced electromagnetic pulses. In this paper, these simulation results are used to assess the susceptibility of spacecraft components to electrical damage from meteoroid and orbital debris impacts. The results show that electromagnetic pulses are only produced for impact speeds greater than 18 km/s and that the pulses are capable of causing significant damage via current and voltage spikes for impact speeds greater than 50 km/s. The particle mass does not affect these speed thresholds. The model predicts that the electric and magnetic field limits to which spacecraft electronics are currently designed are far below the fields produced by the fastest meteoroid impacts. While electronics are normally shielded in a Faraday cage, this also provides insufficient mitigation at the expected frequencies of the radiation from electromagnetic pulses. Results indicate the fields decay rapidly from the point of impact, meaning that a susceptible component must be physically nearby to be threatened. Understanding key parameters of impact plasma plumes and associated electromagnetic pulses will aid in designing more robust and reliable spacecraft that are well protected in the space environment. C1 [Fletcher, Alexander] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Fletcher, Alexander; Mathias, Donovan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Close, Sigrid] Stanford Univ, Sch Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Fletcher, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM alexcf@stanford.edu; donovan.mathias@nasa.gov; sigridc@stanford.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4799-6703-2 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3HX UT WOS:000370748300062 ER PT S AU Groen, FJ Evans, JW Hall, AJ AF Groen, Frank J. Evans, John W. Hall, Anthony J. GP IEEE TI A Vision for Spaceflight Reliability: NASA's Objectives Based Strategy SO 2015 61ST ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM (RAMS 2015) SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-29, 2015 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP AIAA, ASQ, Elect, ASQ, Reliabil Div, IEEE Reliabil Soc, SAE Int, Inst Ind Engineers, IEST, Soc Reliabil Enineers, Int Syst Safety Soc DE Reliability; Maintainability; Goal Structured Notation; First Principles; Objectives Hierarchy; Safety Case AB In defining the direction for a new standard, NASA's Office of Safety and Mission Assurance (OSMA) has started from first principles. This has meant extracting critical objectives that its programs need to undertake a reliable mission and then structuring these objectives to lead mission planning. This back-to-basics approach to examining cross cutting concerns has yielded an objectives hierarchy, which has emerged from NASA reliability expertise, to define critical approaches for achieving high reliability and maintainability (R&M). It embodies the knowledge attained over years of NASA experience; yet, the hierarchy extracts essentials without prescriptive processes that may encumber creativity and effective decision-making. It is meant to lead, not follow, and to enable not encumber. Creating a hierarchy as a basis for assurance implementation is a proven approach that has emerged from the safety case ideals. This approach holds the opportunity to enable new directions in an evolving design framework, in which models will govern optimization to achieve the best designs and prescribed documents will take a back seat. The hierarchy itself may look simple, but it is the drivetrain for achieving the reliability necessary for successful missions. The expectation is that it will be put to use, as the design environment evolves, to enable the right products in a new design environment and to cost effectively achieve key objectives. C1 [Groen, Frank J.] NASA HQ, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC USA. [Groen, Frank J.; Evans, John W.] NASA HQ, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Hall, Anthony J.] Informat Syst Labs, Brooklyn, NY 11021 USA. RP Groen, FJ (reprint author), NASA HQ, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC USA.; Groen, FJ (reprint author), NASA HQ, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM frank.j.groen@nasa.gov; john.w.evans@nasa.gov; ahall@islinc.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4799-6703-2 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3HX UT WOS:000370748300050 ER PT S AU Kaminskiy, M Krivtsov, V AF Kaminskiy, Mark Krivtsov, Vasiliy GP IEEE TI Geometric G1-Renewal Process as Repairable System Model SO 2015 61ST ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM (RAMS 2015) SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-29, 2015 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP AIAA, ASQ, Elect, ASQ, Reliabil Div, IEEE Reliabil Soc, SAE Int, Inst Ind Engineers, IEST, Soc Reliabil Enineers, Int Syst Safety Soc DE aging; rejuvenation; homogeneity; non-homogeneity; g-renewal; geometric process ID RENEWAL PROCESS AB This paper considers a point process model with a monotonically decreasing or increasing ROCOF and the underlying distributions from the location-scale family, known as the geometric process [8]. In terms of repairable system reliability analysis, the process is capable of modeling various restoration types including "better-than-new", i.e., the one not covered by the popular G-Renewal model [7]. The distinctive property of the process is that the times between successive events are obtained from the underlying distributions as the scale parameter of each is monotonically decreasing or increasing. The paper discusses properties and maximum likelihood estimation of the model for the case of the Exponential and Weibull underlying distributions. C1 [Kaminskiy, Mark] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Krivtsov, Vasiliy] Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48120 USA. RP Kaminskiy, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM markpkaminskiy@nasa.gov; VKrivtso@Ford.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4799-6703-2 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3HX UT WOS:000370748300118 ER PT S AU Mathias, DL Motiwala, S AF Mathias, Donovan L. Motiwala, Samira GP IEEE TI Simulation of Liquid Rocket Engine Failure Propagation Using Self-Evolving Scenarios SO 2015 61ST ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM (RAMS 2015) SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-29, 2015 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP AIAA, ASQ, Elect, ASQ, Reliabil Div, IEEE Reliabil Soc, SAE Int, Inst Ind Engineers, IEST, Soc Reliabil Enineers, Int Syst Safety Soc DE spaceflight; rocket engine; dynamic risk assessment; scenario generation AB Traditional probabilistic risk assessment approaches often require failure scenarios to be explicitly defined through event sequences that are then quantified as part of the integrated analysis. This approach becomes difficult when failure propagation paths change as a function of the system state and Mission Elapsed Time (MET). Additionally, if the propagation paths represent interactions among even a modest number of components, the number of possible scenarios becomes combinatorially intractable. This paper presents an alternate approach for quantifying failure propagation probabilities in such a case. Rather than explicitly defining scenario sequences, simple physical models are created for each of the components. In this way, only the physical states and rules of component interactions must be defined, rather than event sequences for each individual scenario. Initiating failures are introduced into the system (either randomly or as defined by relative likelihood) and the failures cascade through the system via the interaction rules. This process is repeated using Monte Carlo methods, allowing the most probable scenarios to "self-evolve" in terms of both sequence path and frequency. This approach was applied to failures occurring in the engine compartment of a space launch vehicle with four liquid rocket engines and four high-pressure helium tanks. Each engine was modeled with key components, such as turbomachinery, combustion chamber, propellant lines, and additional support systems. Three test cases were conducted with different high-energy engine failure initiators. End results of interest include loss of only a single additional engine and tank burst, which represent the loss-of-mission (LOM) and loss-of-crew (LOC) end states, respectively. We show that most scenario outcomes are unique and that many scenarios involve complex chain reactions that are difficult to predict, let alone enumerate. This demonstrates the importance of the modeling approach in capturing the majority of the involved risk, which can be used to assess the overall risks to the crew during a launch vehicle abort. C1 [Mathias, Donovan L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 258-5,Rm 202, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Motiwala, Samira] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Mathias, DL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 258-5,Rm 202, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM donovan.mathias@nasa.gov; samira.a.motiwala@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4799-6703-2 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3HX UT WOS:000370748300073 ER PT S AU Mattenberger, CJ Mathias, DL Go, S AF Mattenberger, Christopher J. Mathias, Donovan L. Go, Susie GP IEEE TI Comparative Analysis of Static and Dynamic Probabilistic Risk Assessment SO 2015 61ST ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM (RAMS 2015) SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-29, 2015 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP AIAA, ASQ, Elect, ASQ, Reliabil Div, IEEE Reliabil Soc, SAE Int, Inst Ind Engineers, IEST, Soc Reliabil Enineers, Int Syst Safety Soc DE Dynamic PRA; Risk-Informed Design; Space Exploration; Crewed Spacecraft AB This study examines three different methodologies for producing loss-of-mission (LOM) and loss-of-crew (LOC) risks estimates for probabilistic risk assessments (PRA) of crewed spacecraft. The three bottom-up, component-based PRA approaches examined are a traditional static fault tree, a dynamic Monte Carlo simulation, and a fault tree hybrid that incorporates some dynamic elements. These approaches were used to model the reaction control system thruster pod of a generic crewed spacecraft and mission, and a comparative analysis of the methods is presented. The methodologies are assessed in terms of the process of modeling a system, the actionable information produced for the design team, and the overall fidelity of the quantitative risk evaluation generated. The system modeling process is compared in terms of the effort required to generate the initial model, update the model in response to design changes, and support mass-versus-risk trade studies. The results are compared by examining the top-level LOM/LOC estimates and the relative risk driver rankings at the failure mode level. The fidelity of each modeling methodology is discussed in terms of its capability to handle real-world system dynamics such as cold-sparing, changes in mission operations due to loss of redundancy, and common cause failure modes. The paper also discusses the applicability of each methodology to different phases of system development and shows that a single methodology may not be suitable for all of the many purposes of a spacecraft PRA. The fault tree hybrid approach is shown to be best suited to the needs of early assessments during conceptual design phases. As the design begins to mature, the level of detail represented in the risk model must go beyond redundancy and nominal mission operations to include dynamic, time-and state-dependent system responses as well as diverse system capabilities. This is best accomplished using the dynamic simulation approach, since these phenomena are not easily captured by static methods. Ultimately, once the design has been finalized and the goal of the PRA is to provide design validation and requirement verification, more traditional, static fault tree approaches may become as appropriate as the simulation method. C1 [Mattenberger, Christopher J.] Sci & Technol Corp, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Mathias, Donovan L.; Go, Susie] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 258-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Mattenberger, CJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 258-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM chris.mattenberger@nasa.gov; donovan.mathias@nasa.gov; susie.go@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4799-6703-2 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3HX UT WOS:000370748300064 ER PT S AU Safie, FM Stutts, RG Huang, ZF AF Safie, Fayssal M. Stutts, Richard G. Huang, Zhaofeng GP IEEE TI Reliability and Probabilistic Risk Assessment - How They Play Together SO 2015 61ST ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM (RAMS 2015) SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-29, 2015 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP AIAA, ASQ, Elect, ASQ, Reliabil Div, IEEE Reliabil Soc, SAE Int, Inst Ind Engineers, IEST, Soc Reliabil Enineers, Int Syst Safety Soc DE Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA); Reliability Engineering; Design AB Since the Space Shuttle Challenger accident in 1986, NASA and aerospace industry has extensively used Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) methods to assess, understand, and communicate the risk of space launch vehicles, especially manned space flight missions. Another area that was given a lot of emphasis at NASA is reliability engineering. Both PRA and reliability are probabilistic in nature; however; the reliability engineering is a broad design discipline that deals with loss of function, while PRA is a system scenario based risk assessment process that deals with Loss of Mission (LOM), Loss of Vehicle (LOV), and Loss of Crew (LOC). This paper discusses the PRA process and the reliability engineering discipline in details. It discusses their differences and similarities and how they are used as complementary analyses to support design and flight decisions. In summary: Reliability Engineering is a discipline that involves the application of engineering principles to the design and processing of products; both hardware and software intended to minimize the loss of functions. PRA at NASA is a process that deals with system risk focusing on understanding the system risk scenarios that could lead to LOM, LOV, and LOC. PRA and reliability engineering are two different areas serving different functions in supporting the design and operation of launch vehicles. However, PRA as a risk assessment, and reliability as a metric could play together in a complementary manner in assessing the risk and reliability of launch vehicles. In general, reliability analyses should be used as a critical data source for PRA. C1 [Safie, Fayssal M.; Stutts, Richard G.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, QD30, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Huang, Zhaofeng] Aerojet Rocketdyne, Canoga Pk, CA 91309 USA. RP Safie, FM (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, QD30, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM fayssal.safie@msfc.nasa.gov; richard.g.stutts@nasa.gov; zhaofeng.huang@rocket.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4799-6703-2 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2015 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3HX UT WOS:000370748300002 ER PT S AU Shi, Y AF Shi, Ying GP IEEE TI Infusing Reliability Techniques into Software Safety Analysis SO 2015 61ST ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM (RAMS 2015) SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-29, 2015 CL Palm Harbor, FL SP AIAA, ASQ, Elect, ASQ, Reliabil Div, IEEE Reliabil Soc, SAE Int, Inst Ind Engineers, IEST, Soc Reliabil Enineers, Int Syst Safety Soc DE Software Safety; FMEA; Hazard Analysis; FTA AB Software safety analysis for a large software intensive system is always a challenge. Software safety practitioners need to ensure that software related hazards are completely identified, controlled, and tracked. This paper discusses in detail how to incorporate the traditional reliability techniques into the entire software safety analysis process. In addition, this paper addresses how information can be effectively shared between the various practitioners involved in the software safety analyses. The author has successfully applied the approach to several aerospace applications. Examples are provided to illustrate the key steps of the proposed approach. C1 [Shi, Ying] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 320-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Shi, Y (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 320-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ying.shi@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4799-6703-2 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2015 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3HX UT WOS:000370748300077 ER PT S AU Balas, MJ Frost, SA AF Balas, Mark J. Frost, Susan A. GP IEEE TI Adaptive Tracking of Infinite-Dimensional Reference Models for Linear Infinite-Dimensional Systems in Hilbert Space SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser AB This paper is focused on adaptively controlling a linear infinite-dimensional system to cause it to track an infinite-dimensional reference model. Given a linear continuous-time infinite-dimensional plant on a Hilbert space and disturbances of known waveform but unknown amplitude and phase, we show that there exists a stabilizing direct model reference adaptive control law with certain disturbance rejection and robustness properties. Both the plant and the reference model are described by closed, densely defined linear operators that generate continuous semigroups of bounded operators on the Hilbert space of states. An extension of the Barbalat-Lyapunov result for infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces is used to determine conditions under which a linear Infinite-dimensional system can be directly adaptively controlled to follow such a reference model. In particular we examine conditions for a set of ideal trajectories to exist for the tracking problem and show the solvability of the infinite dimensional matching conditions under the simple condition that the high frequency gain CB is nonsingular and the reference system is a normal operator with compact resolvent. C1 [Balas, Mark J.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32119 USA. [Frost, Susan A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Balas, MJ (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32119 USA. EM balasm@erau.edu; susan.frost@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 1270 EP 1277 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259201058 ER PT S AU Gregory, IM Ackerman, K Snyder, S Rothhaar, P AF Gregory, Irene M. Ackerman, Kasey Snyder, Steve Rothhaar, Paul GP IEEE TI Adaptive Control for Tilt-Wing VTOL UAV SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser C1 [Gregory, Irene M.; Rothhaar, Paul] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Ackerman, Kasey; Snyder, Steve] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. RP Gregory, IM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 2535 EP 2536 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259202103 ER PT S AU Apaza, R Maeda, T AF Apaza, Rafael Maeda, Toshihide GP IEEE TI NASA-HITACHI AEROMACS TECHNOLOGY TRIALS AND MOPS CONFORMANCE TESTING SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Apaza, Rafael] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Maeda, Toshihide] Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. RP Apaza, R (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM rafael.d.apaza@nasa.gov; toshihide.maeda.up@hitachi.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400219 ER PT S AU Apaza, R Maeda, T AF Apaza, Rafael Maeda, Toshihide GP IEEE TI NASA-HITACHI AEROMACS TECHNOLOGY TRIALS AND MINIMUM OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE SYSTEM (MOPS) CONFORMANCE TESTING SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB The Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) is a fourth generation wireless communications technology based on the IEEE 806.16-2009 standard that has been designed to deliver reliable communications to critical and non-critical systems on the airport surface. This broadband communications technology will enable airport operations modernization by providing networking capabilities to fixed and mobile nodes operating on the airport surface environment. It is anticipated that AeroMACS will deliver benefits to Air Navigation Service Providers, Airlines, Airport Authorities and others providing services to airports throughout the world. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in partnership with Hitachi, Ltd. and Hitachi Communication Technologies America, Inc. conducted field trials to evaluate communications system technical performance and conformance to Minimum Operational Performance System (MOPS) standards. This paper describes technology evaluation procedures and provides results of tests conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) test bed. C1 [Apaza, Rafael] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Maeda, Toshihide] Hitachi Ltd, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Apaza, R (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400048 ER PT S AU Cavolowsky, JA AF Cavolowsky, John A. GP IEEE TI NASA Aeronautics Vision, Strategy & Program Alignment SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Cavolowsky, John A.] NASA, Airspace Operat & Safety Program, Aeronaut Res Miss Directorate, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Cavolowsky, JA (reprint author), NASA, Airspace Operat & Safety Program, Aeronaut Res Miss Directorate, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 32 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400322 ER PT S AU Cavolowsky, JA AF Cavolowsky, John A. GP IEEE TI SAFELY ENABLING UAS OPERATIONS IN LOW-ALTITUDE AIRSPACE SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Cavolowsky, John A.] NASA, Aeronaut Mission Directorate, Ames, IA USA. RP Cavolowsky, JA (reprint author), NASA, Aeronaut Mission Directorate, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400200 ER PT S AU Consiglio, M Munoz, C Hagen, G Narkawicz, A Upchurch, J Comstock, J Ghatas, R Vincent, M Chamberlain, J AF Consiglio, Maria Munoz, Cesar Hagen, George Narkawicz, Anthony Upchurch, Jason Comstock, James Ghatas, Rania Vincent, Michael Chamberlain, James GP IEEE TI HUMAN-IN-THE-LOOP EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FOR DETECT AND AVOID SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Consiglio, Maria; Munoz, Cesar; Hagen, George; Narkawicz, Anthony; Upchurch, Jason; Comstock, James; Ghatas, Rania; Vincent, Michael] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Consiglio, Maria; Chamberlain, James] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Consiglio, M (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA.; Consiglio, M (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM Maria.c.Consiglio@NASA.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400260 ER PT S AU Consiglio, M Munoz, C Hagen, G Narkawicz, A Upchurch, J Comstock, J Ghatas, R Vincent, M Chamberlain, J AF Consiglio, Maria Munoz, Cesar Hagen, George Narkawicz, Anthony Upchurch, Jason Comstock, James Ghatas, Rania Vincent, Michael Chamberlain, James GP IEEE TI HUMAN-IN-THE-LOOP EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FOR DETECT AND AVOID SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB This paper provides an overview of a Detect and Avoid (DAA) concept developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS), and provides results from human-in-the-loop experiments performed to investigate interoperability and acceptability issues associated with use of the concept with these vehicles and operations. The series of experiments was designed to incrementally assess critical elements of the new concept and the enabling technologies that will be required. C1 [Consiglio, Maria; Munoz, Cesar; Hagen, George; Narkawicz, Anthony; Upchurch, Jason; Comstock, James; Ghatas, Rania; Vincent, Michael] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Chamberlain, James] Sunrise Aviat Inc, Newport News, VA USA. RP Consiglio, M (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400097 ER PT S AU Denney, E Pai, G AF Denney, Ewen Pai, Ganesh GP IEEE TI ARGUMENT-BASED AIRWORTHINESS ASSURANCE OF SMALL UAS SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB A combination of airworthiness and various operational restrictions are currently used to assure that unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations can be conducted at an acceptable level of safety. We present a methodology to communicate these aspects in a unified way, providing a centralized record of safety risk management (SRM) activities. Central to our approach is the notion of structured argument, i.e., an explicit chain of reasoning linking safety substantiating evidence to the overall safety and airworthiness objectives. Our use of argumentation is motivated, in part, by the observations that: i) certain kinds of UAS operations currently require a safety case; ii) structured arguments are often a core component of modern safety cases, providing a convenient means to represent the underlying reasoning and to access the aggregated safety information; and iii) there exists a standardized graphical notation to present structured arguments, i.e., the goal structuring notation (GSN), which has been used in both civil and military aviation. To exemplify our methodology, we apply it to an unmanned rotorcraft system (URS), using GSN arguments to show the relationship between safety of URS operations, and various SRM measures including airworthiness, in particular a potential certification basis for type design assurance. The example illustrates how our approach can coexist with, and augment, existing safety processes by transforming SRM artifacts into assurance argument fragments. C1 [Denney, Ewen; Pai, Ganesh] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Denney, E (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ewen.denney@nasa.gov; ganesh.pai@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400113 ER PT S AU Etherington, T Kramer, L Severance, K AF Etherington, Tim Kramer, Lynda Severance, Kurt GP IEEE TI 300 ft Runway Visual Range (RVR) Experiment - Off Nominal Results SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Etherington, Tim; Kramer, Lynda; Severance, Kurt] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Etherington, T (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400237 ER PT S AU Etherington, TJ Kramer, LJ Severance, K Bailey, RE Williams, SP Harrison, SJ AF Etherington, Timothy J. Kramer, Lynda J. Severance, Kurt Bailey, Randall E. Williams, Steven P. Harrison, Stephanie J. GP IEEE TI ENHANCED FLIGHT VISION SYSTEMS OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY STUDY USING RADAR AND INFRARED SENSORS SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB Approach and landing operations during periods of reduced visibility have plagued aircraft pilots since the beginning of aviation. Although techniques are currently available to mitigate some of the visibility conditions, these operations are still ultimately limited by the pilot's ability to "see" required visual landing references (e.g., markings and/or lights of threshold and touchdown zone) and require significant and costly ground infrastructure. Certified Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS) have shown promise to lift the obscuration veil. They allow the pilot to operate with enhanced vision, in lieu of natural vision, in the visual segment to enable equivalent visual operations (EVO). An aviation standards document was developed with industry and government consensus for using an EFVS for approach, landing, and rollout to a safe taxi speed in visibilities as low as 300 feet runway visual range (RVR). These new standards establish performance, integrity, availability, and safety requirements to operate in this regime without reliance on a pilot's or flight crew's natural vision by use of a fail-operational EFVS. A pilot-in-the-loop high-fidelity motion simulation study was conducted at NASA Langley Research Center to evaluate the operational feasibility, pilot workload, and pilot acceptability of conducting straight-in instrument approaches with published vertical guidance to landing, touchdown, and rollout to a safe taxi speed in visibility as low as 300 feet RVR by use of vision system technologies on a head-up display (HUD) without need or reliance on natural vision. Twelve crews flew various landing and departure scenarios in 1800, 1000, 700, and 300 RVR. This paper details the non-normal results of the study including objective and subjective measures of performance and acceptability. The study validated the operational feasibility of approach and departure operations and success was independent of visibility conditions. Failures were handled within the lateral confines of the runway for all conditions tested. The fail-operational concept with pilot in the loop needs further study. C1 [Etherington, Timothy J.] Rockwell Collins, Hampton, VA USA. [Kramer, Lynda J.; Severance, Kurt; Bailey, Randall E.; Williams, Steven P.; Harrison, Stephanie J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Etherington, TJ (reprint author), Rockwell Collins, Hampton, VA USA. EM timothy.j.etherington@nasa.gov; lynda.j.kramer@nasa.gov; kurt.severance@nasa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400071 ER PT S AU Ivancic, WD AF Ivancic, William D. GP IEEE TI Securing The Global Airspace System Via Identity-based Security SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Ivancic, William D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Ivancic, WD (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. EM william.d.ivancic@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400255 ER PT S AU Ivancic, WD AF Ivancic, William D. GP IEEE TI SECURING THE GLOBAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM VIA IDENTITY-BASED SECURITY SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB Current telecommunications systems have very good security architectures that include authentication and authorization as well as accounting. These three features enable an edge system to obtain access into a radio communication network, request specific QoS requirements and ensure proper billing for service. Furthermore, the links are secure. Widely used telecommunication technologies are LTE and WiMAX This paper provides a system-level view of network-centric operations for the GAS and the problems and issues with deploying new technologies into the system. The paper then focuses on applying the basic security architectures of commercial telecommunication systems and deployment of federated Authentication, Authorization and Accounting systems to provide a scalable, evolvable reliable and maintainable solution to enable a globally deployable identity-based secure airspace system. C1 [Ivancic, William D.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Ivancic, WD (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400092 ER PT S AU Lee, R Kochenderfer, MJ Mengshoel, OJ Brat, GP Owen, MP AF Lee, Ritchie Kochenderfer, Mykel J. Mengshoel, Ole J. Brat, Guillaume P. Owen, Michael P. GP IEEE TI ADAPTIVE STRESS TESTING OF AIRBORNE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB This paper presents a scalable method to efficiently search for the most likely state trajectory leading to an event given only a simulator of a system. Our approach uses a reinforcement learning formulation and solves it using Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). The approach places very few requirements on the underlying system, requiring only that the simulator provide some basic controls, the ability to evaluate certain conditions, and a mechanism to control the stochasticity in the system. Access to the system state is not required, allowing the method to support systems with hidden state. The method is applied to stress test a prototype aircraft collision avoidance system to identify trajectories that are likely to lead to near mid-air collisions. We present results for both single and multi-threat encounters and discuss their relevance. Compared with direct Monte Carlo search, this MCTS method performs significantly better both in finding events and in maximizing their likelihood. C1 [Lee, Ritchie; Mengshoel, Ole J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ Silicon Valley, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Kochenderfer, Mykel J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brat, Guillaume P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Owen, Michael P.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Lee, R (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ Silicon Valley, Moffett Field, CA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400124 ER PT S AU Matthews, B AF Matthews, Bryan GP IEEE TI Comparative Study of Metroplex Airspace and Procedures Using Machine Learning to Discover Flight Track Anomalies SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Matthews, Bryan] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Matthews, B (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Bryan.l.matthews@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 23 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400231 ER PT S AU Matthews, B Nielsen, D Schade, J Chan, K Kiniry, M AF Matthews, Bryan Nielsen, David Schade, John Chan, Kennis Kiniry, Mike GP IEEE TI COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METROPLEX AIRSPACE AND PROCEDURES USING MACHINE LEARNING TO DISCOVER FLIGHT TRACK ANOMALIES SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB The National Airspace (NAS) is constantly changing and adapting to new and complex challenges, and as a result Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) will need to address these important aspects. These challenges range from increased traffic flow, to reducing environmental impact, to routing efficiency, all while maintaining high safety. The FAA has recently been involved in a number of large scale Metroplex redesigns across the country to enable controllers and pilots to implement more efficient Performance-based Navigation (PBN) procedures on a regional basis. The Houston Metroplex project is one of the first to implement such a large scale change in the NAS, and it significantly changed the traffic flows into the Houston Terminal Radar Approach Control Facility (TRACON) airspace for the two major airports: Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) and Houston's William P. Hobby International Airport (HOU). This paper addresses an anomaly detection approach that has previously been used to detect operationally significant anomalous flights on approach to Denver International, Newark International, LaGuardia International, and John F. Kennedy International airports. The same method is applied to radar track surveillance data to identify anomalies in the airspace before and after the Metroplex procedure change at Houston. The study covers flights traversing through Houston TRACON (I90) and landing at IAH and HOU over a period of 2 years before and after the significant procedure change. Anomalies identified before and after the procedure change were characterized by their safety risk and operational efficiency to determine whether the types of anomalies that were discovered from before continued to exist or if they were eliminated after the procedure change or if new types of anomalies began to appear. C1 [Matthews, Bryan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Nielsen, David] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MCT Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schade, John; Chan, Kennis; Kiniry, Mike] ATAC Corp, Santa Clara, CA USA. RP Matthews, B (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400061 ER PT S AU Munoz, C Narkawicz, A Hagen, G Upchuch, J Dutle, A Consiglio, M Chamberlain, J AF Munoz, Cesar Narkawicz, Anthony Hagen, George Upchuch, Jason Dutle, Aaron Consiglio, Maria Chamberlain, James GP IEEE TI DAIDALUS: Detect and Avoid Alerting Logic for Unmanned Systems SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Munoz, Cesar; Narkawicz, Anthony; Hagen, George; Upchuch, Jason; Dutle, Aaron; Consiglio, Maria] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44114 USA. [Chamberlain, James] Sunrise Aviat Inc, Ormond Beach, FL USA. RP Munoz, C (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44114 USA. EM cesar.a.munoz@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400258 ER PT S AU Munoz, C Narkawicz, A Hagen, G Upchurch, J Dutle, A Consiglio, M Chamberlain, J AF Munoz, Cesar Narkawicz, Anthony Hagen, George Upchurch, Jason Dutle, Aaron Consiglio, Maria Chamberlain, James GP IEEE TI DAIDALUS: DETECT AND AVOID ALERTING LOGIC FOR UNMANNED SYSTEMS SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB This paper presents DAIDALUS (Detect and Avoid Alerting Logic for Unmanned Systems), a reference implementation of a detect and avoid concept intended to support the integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems into civil airspace. DAIDALUS consists of self-separation and alerting algorithms that provide situational awareness to UAS remote pilots. These algorithms have been formally specified in a mathematical notation and verified for correctness in an interactive theorem prover. The software implementation has been verified against the formal models and validated against multiple stressing cases jointly developed by the US Air Force Research Laboratory, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, and NASA. The DAIDALUS reference implementation is currently under consideration for inclusion in the appendices to the Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Unmanned Aircraft Systems presently being developed by RTCA Special Committee 228. C1 [Munoz, Cesar; Narkawicz, Anthony; Hagen, George; Upchurch, Jason; Dutle, Aaron; Consiglio, Maria] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Chamberlain, James] Sunrise Aviat Inc, Newport News, VA USA. RP Munoz, C (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400095 ER PT S AU Okuniek, N Lohr, GW Phojanamongkolkij, N Oseguera-Lohr, R Christoffels, L AF Okuniek, Nikolai Lohr, Gary W. Phojanamongkolkij, Nipa Oseguera-Lohr, Rosa Christoffels, Lothar GP IEEE TI INTEGRATION OF CONTROLLER SCHEDULING TOOLS WITH A RUNWAY MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Okuniek, Nikolai; Christoffels, Lothar] DLR, Cologne, Germany. [Lohr, Gary W.; Phojanamongkolkij, Nipa; Oseguera-Lohr, Rosa] NASA, New York, NY USA. RP Okuniek, N (reprint author), DLR, Cologne, Germany. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 23 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400189 ER PT S AU Okuniek, N Lohr, GW Phojanamongkolkij, N Oseguera-Lohr, R Christoffels, L AF Okuniek, Nikolai Lohr, Gary W. Phojanamongkolkij, Nipa Oseguera-Lohr, Rosa Christoffels, Lothar GP IEEE TI INTEGRATION OF CONTROLLER SCHEDULING TOOLS WITH A RUNWAY MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB The paper describes an integrated system comprised of the arrival, departure and surface management systems (collectively referred to as ADS-MAN) developed and under research at the Institute of Flight Guidance at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Tactical Runway Configuration Management System (TRCM) that was developed and under research at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Langley Research Center. The underlying concept for this integrated system focuses on effective tactical runway configuration management coordinated with arrival, departure and surface operations to consider different planning horizons and therefore improving predictability of aircraft movements in a proactive manner. The character of this integrated system is highly synergistic in a way that the output information from TRCM becomes input information for ADS-MAN and vice versa. This exchange is expected to be beneficial for air traffic personnel in the airport traffic control tower and the approach/departure control facility to handle flight movements in the terminal airspace and on the airport surface collaboratively considering key performance areas like capacity and efficiency when external conditions like weather or traffic demand are changing. The application of this integrated system is shown with a timeline walkthrough of a single scenario with typical operations and conditions at a high density airport. The advantages using this integrated system are discussed, followed by a conclusion and next steps. C1 [Okuniek, Nikolai; Christoffels, Lothar] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Braunschweig, Germany. [Lohr, Gary W.; Phojanamongkolkij, Nipa; Oseguera-Lohr, Rosa] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Okuniek, N (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Braunschweig, Germany. EM Nikolai.Okuniek@dlr.de NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400021 ER PT S AU Parke, B Bienert, N Chevalley, E Omar, F Buckley, N Brasil, C Yoo, HS Borade, A Gabriel, C Lee, P Homola, J Smith, N AF Parke, Bonny Bienert, Nancy Chevalley, Eric Omar, Faisal Buckley, Nathan Brasil, Connie Yoo, Hyo-Sang Borade, Abhay Gabriel, Conrad Lee, Paul Homola, Jeff Smith, Nancy GP IEEE TI Exploring Management of Arrival Spacing Using Route Extensions with Terminal Spacing Tools SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Parke, Bonny; Bienert, Nancy; Chevalley, Eric; Omar, Faisal; Buckley, Nathan; Brasil, Connie; Yoo, Hyo-Sang; Borade, Abhay; Gabriel, Conrad] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Parke, Bonny; Bienert, Nancy; Chevalley, Eric; Omar, Faisal; Buckley, Nathan; Brasil, Connie; Yoo, Hyo-Sang; Borade, Abhay; Gabriel, Conrad; Lee, Paul; Homola, Jeff; Smith, Nancy] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Parke, B (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 39 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400245 ER PT S AU Parke, B Bienert, N Chevalley, E Omar, F Buckley, N Brasil, C Yoo, HS Borade, A Gabriel, C Lee, P Homola, J Smith, N AF Parke, Bonny Bienert, Nancy Chevalley, Eric Omar, Faisal Buckley, Nathan Brasil, Connie Yoo, Hyo-Sang Borade, Abhay Gabriel, Conrad Lee, Paul Homola, Jeff Smith, Nancy GP IEEE TI EXPLORING MANAGEMENT OF ARRIVAL SPACING USING ROUTE EXTENSIONS WITH TERMINAL SPACING TOOLS SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB Airports with shared runway operations between arrivals and departures can experience severe departure gridlock and delays during a heavy arrival push due to insufficient gaps in the arrival stream for aircraft to depart. The problem is accentuated in situations when a large gap in the arrival spacing has to be created at the last minute due to wake vortex separation requirements. At LaGuardia airport, wake vortex separation problems arise when a heavy jet, such as a B757, departing on Runway 31 needs additional spacing between arrivals on Runway 22. A standard solution for controllers in many airports in situations such as this is to extend the downwind leg of arrival aircraft to create extra space between the arrivals. The question addressed in this paper is how such route extensions would work with terminal scheduling operations, namely (1) the Terminal Sequencing and Spacing (TSS) tools and (2) a new scheduling tool which increases the availability of gaps for departure aircraft-Departure Sensitive Arrival Spacing (DSAS). In a simulated LaGuardia airport (LGA) Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) airspace, two new RNAV arrival routes were created along with extensions to these routes. The arrival route from the south had a downwind leg extension near the airport in the final sector. The arrival route from the north had an extension in a feeder sector further from the airport. An exploratory one-hour run with the route extensions was compared to an hour run without the extensions. Topics included in this paper are 1) how the route extensions were developed, 2) a procedure outlining how the aircraft could be scheduled to the extensions and who would do it, and 3) the results of the exploratory run compared to the original run without the extensions. The results indicated that the extended downwind leg route helped to create a B757 departure gap in the middle of a packed arrival stream, resulting in a reduction of 11 minutes in average wait time for the B757s, but at a cost of increased controller self-reported workload from low to moderate. C1 [Parke, Bonny; Bienert, Nancy; Chevalley, Eric; Omar, Faisal; Buckley, Nathan; Brasil, Connie; Yoo, Hyo-Sang; Borade, Abhay; Gabriel, Conrad] San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Lee, Paul; Homola, Jeff; Smith, Nancy] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Parke, B (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Res Fdn, NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM bonny.parke@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400081 ER PT S AU Pierpaoli, P Egerstedt, M Rahmani, A AF Pierpaoli, Pietro Egerstedt, Magnus Rahmani, Amir GP IEEE TI ALTERING UAV FLIGHT PATH BY THREATENING COLLISION SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Pierpaoli, Pietro] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Egerstedt, Magnus] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rahmani, Amir] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Pierpaoli, P (reprint author), Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400251 ER PT S AU Pierpaoli, P Egerstedt, M Rahmani, A AF Pierpaoli, Pietro Egerstedt, Magnus Rahmani, Amir GP IEEE TI ALTERING UAV FLIGHT PATH BY THREATENING COLLISION SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB The ongoing transformation of air traffic control towards a decentralized decision-making system will allow all aircraft, UAS in particular, to automatically detect and resolve collisions. The decision process will use, among others sources, ADS-B information, shared by neighboring traffic. In such distributed systems, trustworthiness among aircraft become of primary importance. In this work we show that autonomous aircraft employing deterministic sense and avoid strategies can be forced into predetermined trajectories when their precise position and velocity are available to a potentially malicious craft. In other words, malicious pursuer players (real or hoaxed) taking advantage of shared data and predictable collision avoidance properties can dictate evader agent trajectory, which might not realize the threat at all. As shown by numerical simulations and ground robot experiments, combination of arcs and straight paths can be achieved and be used to arbitrarily control the evader. C1 [Pierpaoli, Pietro] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Egerstedt, Magnus] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rahmani, Amir] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pierpaoli, P (reprint author), Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM p.pierpaoli@umiami.edu; magnus.egerstedt@ece.gatech.edu; amir.rahmani@jpl.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400088 ER PT S AU Yoo, HS Lee, PU Landry, SJ AF Yoo, Hyo-Sang Lee, Paul U. Landry, Steven J. GP IEEE TI DETECTION OF OPERATOR PERFORMANCE BREAKDOWN AS AN AUTOMATION TRIGGERING MECHANISM SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Yoo, Hyo-Sang] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Yoo, Hyo-Sang; Lee, Paul U.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Landry, Steven J.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Yoo, HS (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM hyo-sang.yoo@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400243 ER PT S AU Yoo, S Lee, PU Landry, SJ AF Yoo, Sang Lee, Paul U. Landry, Steven J. GP IEEE TI DETECTION OF OPERATOR PERFORMANCE BREAKDOWN AS AN AUTOMATION TRIGGERING MECHANISM SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB Performance breakdown (PB) has been anecdotally described as a state where the human operator "loses control of context" and "cannot maintain required task performance." Preventing such a decline in performance is critical to assure the safety and reliability of human-integrated systems, and therefore PB could be useful as a point at which automation can be applied to support human performance. However, PB has never been scientifically defined or empirically demonstrated. Moreover, there is no validated objective way of detecting such a state or the transition to that state. The purpose of this work is: 1) to empirically demonstrate a PB state, and 2) to develop an objective way of detecting such a state. This paper defines PB and proposes an objective method for its detection. A human-in-the-loop study was conducted: 1) to demonstrate PB by increasing workload until the subject reported being in a state of PB, and 2) to identify possible parameters of a detection method that objectively captures the performance characteristics that map to the subjectively-reported PB point, and 3) to determine if the parameters are idiosyncratic to an individual/context or are more generally applicable. In the experiment, fifteen participants were asked to manage three concurrent tasks (one primary and two secondary) for 18 minutes. The difficulty of the primary task was manipulated over time to induce PB while the difficulty of the secondary tasks remained static. The participants' task performance data was collected. Three hypotheses were constructed: 1) increasing workload will induce subjectively-identified PB, 2) there exists criteria that identifies the threshold parameters that best captures the performance characteristics at the subjectively-identified PB point, and 3) the criteria for choosing the threshold parameters is consistent across individuals. The results show that increasing workload can induce subjectively-identified PB, although it might not be generalizable-only 12 out of 15 participants declared PB. The PB detection method based on signal detection analysis was applied to the performance data and the results showed that PB can be identified using the method, particularly when the values of the parameters for the detection method were calibrated individually. C1 [Yoo, Sang] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Lee, Paul U.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Landry, Steven J.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Yoo, S (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400078 ER PT S AU Rincon, RF Fatoyinbo, T Osmanoglu, B Lee, S Ranson, KJ Sun, GQ Perrine, M Du Toit, C AF Rincon, Rafael F. Fatoyinbo, Temilola Osmanoglu, Batuhan Lee, Seungkuk Ranson, K. Jon Sun, Guoqing Perrine, Martin Du Toit, Cornelis GP IEEE TI ECOSAR: P-BAND DIGITAL BEAMFORMING POLARIMETRIC AND SINGLE PASS INTERFEROMETRIC SAR SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE Digital Beamforming; SAR; InSAR; Pol-InSAR; Polarimetry; P-band AB EcoSAR is a state-of-the-art beamforming synthetic aperture radar (SAR) recently developed at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) for the measurement of ecosystem structure and biomass. The airborne instrument operates at a center frequency of 435 MHz (P-band), and uses a multi-channel reconfigurable architecture to implement fully polarimetric and "single pass" interferometric measurements. The instrument architecture allows for the real-time configuration radar parameters, including center frequency, resolution, incidence angle, and number of beams, among others. The system is also designed to operate in standard or ping pong interferometric modes, and in full, orthogonal, or hybrid polarimteric modes. The instrument development was recently completed, and its first flight campaign successfully conducted in March 2014 over areas of Bahamas and Costa Rica. C1 [Rincon, Rafael F.; Fatoyinbo, Temilola; Osmanoglu, Batuhan; Lee, Seungkuk; Ranson, K. Jon; Sun, Guoqing; Perrine, Martin; Du Toit, Cornelis] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rincon, RF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 699 EP 703 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900127 ER PT S AU Uysal, F Yeary, M Goodman, N Rincon, RE Osmanoglu, B AF Uysal, Faruk Yeary, Mark Goodman, Nathan Rincon, Rafael E. Osmanoglu, Batuhan GP IEEE TI Waveform Design for Wideband Beampattern and Beamforming SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc ID BEAM PATTERN; ARRAYS AB This paper considers wideband beamforming and waveform design for transmission from advanced multiple channel radar systems. Hence, this paper describes the initial designs of a wideband transmit beamformer for a multi-channel high resolution radar, applicable to airborne and spaceborne radars. As a case study for this paper, we use the EcoSAR instrument developed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for the measurement of science parameters. The wideband EcoSAR employs two multi-channel antennas and full transmit and receive digital beamforming to generate high resolution images of the ground features. Maintaining a consistent beampattern when the bandwidth is approximately 50% of the center frequency is a challenge. Breaking this nexus relies on optimum beam weight design and accompanying waveform design; not merely the former as is typically done. The approaches of this paper have shown how the beampatterns can be maintained while meeting beam requirements. C1 [Uysal, Faruk; Yeary, Mark; Goodman, Nathan] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yeary, Mark; Goodman, Nathan] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Rincon, Rafael E.; Osmanoglu, Batuhan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Uysal, F (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. OI Uysal, Faruk/0000-0002-4518-5649 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1062 EP 1066 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900192 ER PT S AU Rosen, PA Hensley, S Shaffer, S Veilleux, L Sagi, VR Satish, R Chakraborty, M Misra, T Bhan, RA AF Rosen, Paul A. Hensley, Scott Shaffer, Scott Veilleux, Louise Sagi, V. Raju Satish, R. Chakraborty, Manab Misra, Tapan Bhan, R. Akesh GP IEEE TI The NASA-ISRO SAR Mission - An International Space Partnership for Science and Societal Benefit SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) have embarked on the formulation of a proposed Earth-orbiting science and applications mission that would exploit synthetic aperture radar to map Earth's surface every 12 days. The mission's primary objectives would be to study Earth land and ice deformation, and ecosystems, in areas of common interest to the US and Indian science communities. To meet demanding coverage, sampling, and accuracy requirements, the system would require a swath of over 240 km at fine resolution, using full polarimetry where needed. To address the broad range of disciplines and scientific study areas of the mission, a dual-frequency system was conceived, at L-band (24 cm wavelength) and S-band (10 cm wavelength). To achieve these observational characteristics, a reflector-feed system is considered, whereby the feed aperture elements are individually sampled to allow a scan-on-receive ("SweepSAR") capability at both L-band and S-band. In the partnership, NASA would provide the instrument structure for both L-and S-band electronics, the L-band electronics, the reflector and associated boom, and an avionics payload to interface with the radar that would include a solid state recorder, high-rate Ka-band telecommunication link, and a GPS receiver. ISRO would provide the spacecraft and launch vehicle, and the S-band radar electronics. C1 [Rosen, Paul A.; Hensley, Scott; Shaffer, Scott; Veilleux, Louise] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sagi, V. Raju; Satish, R.] ISRO Satellite Ctr, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Chakraborty, Manab; Misra, Tapan; Bhan, R. Akesh] ISRO Space Applicat Ctr, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India. RP Rosen, PA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1610 EP 1613 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900296 ER PT S AU Chapin, E Hawkins, BP Harcke, L Hensley, S Lou, YL Michel, TR Moreira, L Muellerschoen, RJ Shimada, JG Tham, KW Tope, MC AF Chapin, Elaine Hawkins, Brian P. Harcke, Leif Hensley, Scott Lou, Yunling Michel, Thierry R. Moreira, Laila Muellerschoen, Ronald J. Shimada, Joanne G. Tham, Kean W. Tope, Michael C. GP IEEE TI Improved Absolute Radiometric Calibration of a UHF Airborne Radar SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc AB The AirMOSS airborne SAR operates at UHF and produces fully polarimetric imagery [1]. The AirMOSS radar data are used to produce Root Zone Soil Moisture (RZSM) depth profiles. The absolute radiometric accuracy of the imagery, ideally of better than 0.5 dB, is key to retrieving RZSM, especially in wet soils where the backscatter as a function of soil moisture function tends to flatten out [2]. In this paper we assess the absolute radiometric uncertainty in previously delivered data, describe a method to utilize Built In Test (BIT) data to improve the radiometric calibration, and evaluate the improvement from applying the method. C1 [Chapin, Elaine; Hawkins, Brian P.; Harcke, Leif; Hensley, Scott; Lou, Yunling; Michel, Thierry R.; Moreira, Laila; Muellerschoen, Ronald J.; Shimada, Joanne G.; Tham, Kean W.; Tope, Michael C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Moreira, Laila] Bradar Ind SA, BR-12244000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Chapin, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1720 EP 1724 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900317 ER PT J AU Stepanyan, V Krishnakumar, K AF Stepanyan, Vahram Krishnakumar, Kalmanje GP IEEE TI M-MRAC Backstepping for Systems With Unknown Virtual Control Coefficients SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT CONTROL (ISIC 2015) SE IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control (ISIC) CY SEP 21-23, 2015 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Univ New S Wales, Univ Melbourne, Univ Newcastle, MathWorks, IEEE CAA Journal Automatica Sinica, Univ Western Australia ID UNCERTAIN NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; SLIDING MODES; FEEDBACK AB The paper presents an over-parametrization free certainty equivalence state feedback backstepping adaptive control design method for systems of any relative degree with unmatched uncertainties and unknown virtual control coefficients. It uses a fast prediction model to estimate the unknown parameters, which is independent of the control design. It is shown that the system's input and output tracking errors can be systematically decreased by the proper choice of the design parameters. The benefits of the approach is demonstrated in numerical simulations. C1 [Stepanyan, Vahram] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Krishnakumar, Kalmanje] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Stepanyan, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Affiliated Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM vahram.stepanyan@nasa.gov; kalmanje.krishnakumar@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7788-8 J9 IEEE INT SYMP INTELL PY 2015 BP 676 EP 682 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE3ML UT WOS:000370967100013 ER PT S AU Chen, YP Fan, X Xie, YS Zhou, Y Wang, T Wilson, JD Simons, RN Chui, ST Xiao, JQ AF Chen, Yunpeng Fan, Xin Xie, Yunsong Zhou, Yang Wang, Tao Wilson, Jeffrey D. Simons, Rainee N. Chui, Sui-Tat Xiao, John Q. GP IEEE TI Tunable Magnetic Resonance in Microwave Spintronics Devices SO 2015 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY MAY 17-22, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE MTT S DE magnetic resonance; multi-ferroic; exchange coupling; tunable microwave device ID FIELD AB Magnetic resonance is one of the key properties of magnetic materials for the application of microwave spintronics devices. The conventional method for tuning magnetic resonance is to use an electromagnet, which provides very limited range. Hence, the quest for enhancing the magnetic resonance tuning range without using an electromagnet has attracted tremendous attention. In this paper we exploit the huge exchange coupling field between magnetic interlayers, which is on the order of 4000 Oe and also the high frequency modes of coupled oscillators to enhance the tuning range. Furthermore, we demonstrate a new scheme to control the magnetic resonance frequency. Moreover, we report a shift in the magnetic resonance frequency as high as 20 GHz in CoFe based tunable microwave spintronics devices, which is 10X higher than conventional methods. C1 [Chen, Yunpeng; Xie, Yunsong; Zhou, Yang; Wang, Tao; Chui, Sui-Tat; Xiao, John Q.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Fan, Xin] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Wilson, Jeffrey D.; Simons, Rainee N.] NASA, Electron & Optoelect Devices Branch, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-8275-2 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2015 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE3HO UT WOS:000370722900266 ER PT S AU Chen, ZZ Tang, A Kim, Y Virbila, G Reck, T Yei, JF Du, Y Chattopadhyay, G Chang, MCF AF Chen, Z. -Z. Tang, A. Kim, Y. Virbila, G. Reck, T. Yei, J. -F. Du, Y. Chattopadhyay, G. Chang, M-C Frank GP IEEE TI A Wide-band 65nm CMOS 28-34 GHz Synthesizer Module Enabling Low Power Heterodyne Spectrometers for Planetary Exploration SO 2015 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY MAY 17-22, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE MTT S DE PISSARRO PLL; Sub-sampled; SSPD; Phase-Lock Loop AB This paper presents a wide-band 28-34 GHz frequency synthesizer module developed to support THz spectrometer instruments for planetary exploration. The presented module features low power operation and a small form factor to be compatible with the demanding payload requirements of NASA planetary missions. The core of the module is a CMOS System-on-Chip (SoC) containing a sub-sampled phase-detector (SSPD) based phase lock-loop, power amplifier, power sensor and digital calibration. The demonstrated module draws a total of 81.2 mW of power from a USB connection and provides coverage from 28-34 GHz with output powers better than -4.0 dBm across the entire band. The offered mid-band phase noise is measured at -96.6 dBc/Hz evaluated at 1 MHz offset from the carrier. C1 [Chen, Z. -Z.; Tang, A.; Kim, Y.; Virbila, G.; Du, Y.; Chang, M-C Frank] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Tang, A.; Reck, T.; Chattopadhyay, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Yei, J. -F.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Chen, ZZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-8275-2 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2015 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE3HO UT WOS:000370722900006 ER PT S AU Hodges, RE Hoppe, DJ Radway, MJ Chahat, NE AF Hodges, Richard E. Hoppe, Daniel J. Radway, Matthew J. Chahat, Nacer E. GP IEEE TI Novel Deployable Reflectarray Antennas for CubeSat Communications SO 2015 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY MAY 17-22, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE MTT S DE Antenna; retlectarray; telecommunications; CubeSat; solar array AB Two novel high gain deployable retlectarray antennas to support CubeSat telecommunications are described and compared with other high gain CubeSat antenna technologies. The first retlectarray is the Integrated Solar Array and Retlectarray Antenna (ISARA), a K/Ka-band antenna that also incorporates a dense packing of solar cells used to provide electrical power for the spacecraft. The second is an X-band retlectarray designed to provide a bent pipe telecom link. These retlectarrays are ideal for CubeSat applications because they require negligible stowed volume and impose a modest mass increase. The antenna designs and measured performance results are presented. C1 [Hodges, Richard E.; Hoppe, Daniel J.; Radway, Matthew J.; Chahat, Nacer E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hodges, RE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-8275-2 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2015 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE3HO UT WOS:000370722900450 ER PT S AU Lim, B Statham, S Misra, S Clark, J Donahue, K Steinkraus, J AF Lim, Boon Statham, Shannon Misra, Sidharth Clark, Jessica Donahue, Kenneth Steinkraus, Joel GP IEEE TI The Radiometer Atmospheric CubeSat Experiment (RACE) Pre-Launch Performance SO 2015 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY MAY 17-22, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE MTT S DE Microwave radiometry; atmospheric sounding; CubeSats AB The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) developed Radiometer Atmospheric CubeSat Experiment (RACE) has a 183 GHz water vapor radiometer payload integrated on a 3U CubeSat platform. The radiometer utilizes a 3S nm InP HEMT low noise amplifier receiver with 2 internal calibration means. RACE advances the technology readiness level (TRL) of the various radiometer sub-systems to TRL 6. Pre-launch performance in terms of stability and calibration methodology will be presented and discussed. The RACE satellite was lost on the Orb-3 launch mishap, Oct 28th 2014. C1 [Lim, Boon; Statham, Shannon; Misra, Sidharth; Clark, Jessica; Donahue, Kenneth; Steinkraus, Joel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Lim, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-8275-2 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2015 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE3HO UT WOS:000370722900394 ER PT S AU Reising, SC Gaier, TC Kummerow, CD Chandrasekar, V Brown, ST Padmanabhan, S Lim, BH van den Heever, SC L'Ecuyer, TS Ruf, CS Haddad, ZS Luo, ZJ Munchak, SJ Berg, G Koch, TC Boukabara, SA AF Reising, Steven C. Gaier, Todd C. Kummerow, Christian D. Chandrasekar, V. Brown, Shannon T. Padmanabhan, Sharmila Lim, Boon H. van den Heever, Susan C. L'Ecuyer, Tristan S. Ruf, Christopher S. Haddad, Ziad S. Luo, Z. Johnny Munchak, S. Joseph Berg, Greg Koch, Timothy C. Boukabara, Sid A. GP IEEE TI Overview of Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems (TEMPEST) CubeSat Constellation Mission SO 2015 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY MAY 17-22, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE MTT S DE high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs); indium phosphide (InP); low-noise amplifiers; monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuits (MMICs); radiometers ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CLIMATE SYSTEM; MODEL AB The proposed Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems (TEMPEST) satellite mission addresses key science needs related to cloud and precipitation processes using a constellation of five CubeSats with identical five-frequency millimeter-wave radiometers spaced 5-10 minutes apart in orbit. This CubeSat constellation will directly observe the time evolution of clouds to study the conditions that control the transition of clouds to precipitation. The TEMPEST millimeter-wave radiometers will penetrate into the cloud to directly observe changes as the cloud begins to precipitate or ice accumulates inside the storm. TEMPEST provides observations at five millimeter-wave frequencies from 90 to 183 GHz using a single compact instrument that is well suited for a 6U CubeSat architecture and fits well within the NASA CubeSat Launch Initiative capabilities. C1 [Reising, Steven C.; Kummerow, Christian D.; Chandrasekar, V.; van den Heever, Susan C.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gaier, Todd C.; Brown, Shannon T.; Padmanabhan, Sharmila; Lim, Boon H.; Haddad, Ziad S.; Koch, Timothy C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. [L'Ecuyer, Tristan S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Ruf, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Luo, Z. Johnny] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY USA. [Munchak, S. Joseph] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Berg, Greg] Boeing Co, Huntington Beach, CA USA. [Boukabara, Sid A.] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Reising, SC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010 OI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-8275-2 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2015 DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2015.7167136 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE3HO UT WOS:000370722900433 ER PT S AU Shah, U Decrossas, E Jung-Kubiak, C Reck, T Chattopadhyay, G Mehdi, I Oberhammer, J AF Shah, U. Decrossas, E. Jung-Kubiak, C. Reck, T. Chattopadhyay, G. Mehdi, I. Oberhammer, J. GP IEEE TI 500-600 GHz RF MEMS Based Tunable Stub Integrated in Micromachined Rectangular Waveguide SO 2015 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY MAY 17-22, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE MTT S DE Micromachined rectangular waveguide; RF MEMS; submillimeter-wave; terahertz; THz; waveguide stub AB This paper presents a 500-600 GHz switchable E-plane waveguide stub tuned MEMS device. It is the first ever RF MEMS component reported to be operating above 220 GHz. The micromachined E-plane stub can be blocked/unblocked from the micromachined waveguide by using a MEMS-reconfigurable surface. The surface is designed so that in the blocking state it is in the H-plane and comprises the roof of the main waveguide, whereas in the non-blocking state it comprises a transmissive E-plane surface for the stub. The measurement results of the first prototypes show a return loss better than 15 dB from 500-600 GHz. The insertion loss is better than 3 dB up to 550 GHz, and better than 4 dB up to 600 GHz. The switchable stub can be utilized as a basic reconfigurable device for tuning/matching of waveguide components under operation; the implemented prototype switchable stub achieves a (measured) tuning of 2.50 at 500 GHz, with a change in S21 better than 0.15 dB for the whole band. The paper further shows that the reconfigurable stub can also be operated in analog tuning mode. This paper also demonstrates that MEMS-reconfigurable E-plane surfaces can be designed and operated deep into the submillimeter-wave frequency range. C1 [Shah, U.; Oberhammer, J.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Decrossas, E.; Jung-Kubiak, C.; Reck, T.; Chattopadhyay, G.; Mehdi, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shah, U (reprint author), KTH Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-8275-2 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2015 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE3HO UT WOS:000370722900128 ER PT S AU Shah, U Decrossas, E Jung-Kubiak, C Reck, T Chattopadhyay, G Mehdi, I Oberhammer, J AF Shah, U. Decrossas, E. Jung-Kubiak, C. Reck, T. Chattopadhyay, G. Mehdi, I. Oberhammer, J. GP IEEE TI 500-600 GHz Submillimeter-Wave 3.3 bit RF MEMS Phase Shifter Integrated in Micromachined Waveguide SO 2015 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY MAY 17-22, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE MTT S DE Micromachined waveguide; phase shifter; RF MEMS; rectangular waveguide; submillimeter-wave; terahertz AB This paper presents a 500-600 GHz submillimeter-wave MEMS-reconfigurable phase shifter. It is the first ever RF MEMS component reported to be operating above 220 GHz. The phase shifter is based on a micro machined rectangular waveguide which is loaded by 9 E-plane stubs, which can be individually blocked by using MEMS-reconfigurable surfaces. The phase-shifter is composed of three metallized silicon chips which are assembled in H-plane cuts of the waveguide. The measurement results of the first prototypes of the MEMS reconfigurable phase shifter show a linear phase shift of 20 degrees in 10 steps (3.3 bit) and have a return loss better than 15 dB from 500600 GHz. The insertion loss is better than 3 dB up to 540 GHz, and better than 5 dB up to 600 GHz for all phase states, of which the major part is contributed by the assembly of the microchips between waveguide flanges which has a reproducibility error between 2 and 6 dB measured for reference chips. C1 [Shah, U.; Oberhammer, J.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Decrossas, E.; Jung-Kubiak, C.; Reck, T.; Chattopadhyay, G.; Mehdi, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shah, U (reprint author), KTH Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-8275-2 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2015 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE3HO UT WOS:000370722900126 ER PT S AU Simons, RN Goverdhanam, K AF Simons, Rainee N. Goverdhanam, Kavita GP IEEE TI Applications of Nano-Satellites and Cube-Satellites in Microwave and RF Domain SO 2015 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY MAY 17-22, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE MTT S DE Communication networks; microwave communication; patch antennas; satellite communications satellite navigation systems AB This paper presents an overview of microwave technologies for Small Satellites including NanoSats and CubeSats. In addition, examples of space communication technology demonstration projects using CubeSats are presented. Furthermore, examples of miniature instruments for Earth science measurements are discussed. C1 [Simons, Rainee N.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Goverdhanam, Kavita] US Army CERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Simons, RN (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-8275-2 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2015 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE3HO UT WOS:000370722900364 ER PT S AU Tang, A Hsiao, F Kim, Y Du, L Kong, L Virbila, G Kuan, YC Lee, C Chattopadhyay, G Chahat, N Reck, T Mehdi, I Chang, MC AF Tang, Adrian Hsiao, Frank Kim, Yanghyo Du, Li Kong, Long Virbila, Gabriel Kuan, Yen-Cheng Lee, Choonsup Chattopadhyay, Goutam Chahat, Nacer Reck, Theodore Mehdi, Imran Chang, M. C. GP IEEE TI A 95 GHz Centimeter Scale Precision Confined Pathway System-on-Chip Navigation Processor for Autonomous Vehicles in 65nm CMOS SO 2015 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY MAY 17-22, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE MTT S DE Navigation System; UA AB This paper presents a 95 GHz centimeter scale navigation system which allows a unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) or possibly even aerial vehicle (UAV) to navigate through a highly cluttered environment and follow a safe obstacle-free pathway to a desired goal, The navigation system defines multiple pathways using mm-wave base-stations called path generators and then uses a single CMOS SoC containing a receiver, ADC and an FFT processor to detect and navigate these pathways, The demonstrated confined pathway SoC (CP-SoC) occupies 5.4mm(2) of silicon area in 65nm technology, and consumes only 199 mW, making it suitable for lightweight payloads associated with UAVs and UGVs. C1 [Tang, Adrian; Hsiao, Frank; Kim, Yanghyo; Du, Li; Kong, Long; Virbila, Gabriel; Kuan, Yen-Cheng; Chang, M. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Tang, Adrian; Lee, Choonsup; Chattopadhyay, Goutam; Chahat, Nacer; Reck, Theodore; Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Tang, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-8275-2 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2015 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE3HO UT WOS:000370722900004 ER PT S AU Varonen, M Reeves, R Kangaslahti, P Samoska, L Cleary, K Akgiray, A Gawande, R Fung, A Gaier, T Weinreb, S Readhead, ACS Lawrence, C Sarkozy, S Lai, R AF Varonen, M. Reeves, R. Kangaslahti, P. Samoska, L. Cleary, K. Akgiray, A. Gawande, R. Fung, A. Gaier, T. Weinreb, S. Readhead, A. C. S. Lawrence, C. Sarkozy, S. Lai, R. GP IEEE TI An MMIC Low-Noise Amplifier Design Technique SO 2015 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM (IMS) SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) CY MAY 17-22, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE MTT S DE Cryogenic; InP HEMT; MMIC; low-noise amplifiers (LNAs); MMIC ID TEMPERATURE AB In this paper we propose a parallel two-finger unit transistor MMIC low-noise amplifier design technique which enables the design of wideband and high linearity low-noise amplifiers with very stable, predictable, and repeatable operation. We prove the feasibility of the proposed design technique by demonstrating a three-stage LNA packaged in a WRIO waveguide housing and fabricated using a 35-nm InP HEMT technology that achieves more than a 20-dB gain from 75 to 116 GHz and 26-33-K noise temperature from 85 to 116 GHz when cryogenically cooled to 27 K. C1 [Varonen, M.; Kangaslahti, P.; Samoska, L.; Fung, A.; Gaier, T.; Lawrence, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Varonen, M.] Aalto Univ, Dept Micro & Nanosci, Espoo, Finland. [Reeves, R.; Cleary, K.; Akgiray, A.; Gawande, R.; Weinreb, S.; Readhead, A. C. S.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sarkozy, S.; Lai, R.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Varonen, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4799-8275-2 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2015 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE3HO UT WOS:000370722900294 ER PT S AU Schuldt, T Saraf, S Stochino, A Doringshoff, K Buchman, S Cutler, GD Lipa, J Tan, S Hanson, J Jaroux, B Braxmaier, C Gurlebeck, N Herrmann, S Lammerzahl, C Peters, A Alfauwaz, A Alhussien, A Alsuwaidan, B Al Saud, T Dittus, H Johann, U Worden, SP Byer, R AF Schuldt, Thilo Saraf, Shailendhar Stochino, Alberto Doeringshoff, Klaus Buchman, Sasha Cutler, Grant D. Lipa, John Tan, Si Hanson, John Jaroux, Belgacem Braxmaier, Claus Guerlebeck, Norman Herrmann, Sven Laemmerzahl, Claus Peters, Achim Alfauwaz, Abdul Alhussien, Abdulaziz Alsuwaidan, Badr Al Saud, Turki Dittus, Hansjoerg Johann, Ulrich Worden, Simon P. Byer, Robert GP IEEE TI mSTAR: Testing Special Relativity in Space Using High Performance Optical Frequency References SO 2015 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & THE EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS) CY APR 12-16, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, UFFC, EFTF AB The proposed space mission mini Space-Time Asymmetry Research (mSTAR) aims at a test of special relativity by performing a clock-clock comparison experiment in a low-Earth orbit. Using clocks with instabilies at or below the 1 . 10(15) level at orbit time, the Kennedy-Thorndike coefficient will be measured with an up to two orders of magnitude higher accuracy than the current limit set by ground-based experiments. In the current baseline design, mSTAR utilizes an optical absolute frequency reference based on molecular iodine and a lengthreference based on a high-finesse optical cavity. Current efforts aim at a space compatible design of the two clocks and improving the long-term stability of the cavity reference. In an ongoing Phase A study, the feasibility of accommodating the experiment on a SaudiSat 4 bus is investigated. C1 [Schuldt, Thilo; Braxmaier, Claus; Dittus, Hansjoerg] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Raumfahrtsyst, Bremen, Germany. [Saraf, Shailendhar; Stochino, Alberto; Buchman, Sasha; Cutler, Grant D.; Lipa, John; Tan, Si; Byer, Robert] Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Doeringshoff, Klaus; Peters, Achim] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. [Hanson, John; Jaroux, Belgacem; Worden, Simon P.] NASA, ARC, Mountain View, CA USA. [Alfauwaz, Abdul; Alhussien, Abdulaziz; Alsuwaidan, Badr; Al Saud, Turki] KACST, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Guerlebeck, Norman; Herrmann, Sven; Laemmerzahl, Claus] Univ Bremen, ZARM, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Johann, Ulrich] Airbus Def & Space GmbH, Friedrichshafen, Germany. RP Schuldt, T (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Raumfahrtsyst, Bremen, Germany. EM thilo.schuldt@dlr.de RI Laemmerzahl, Claus/P-3552-2016 OI Laemmerzahl, Claus/0000-0002-8276-5415 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4799-8866-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2015 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3DU UT WOS:000370553200009 ER PT S AU Yi, L Burt, EA Tjoelker, RL AF Yi, L. Burt, E. A. Tjoelker, R. L. GP IEEE TI Mercury Lamp Studies in Support of Trapped Ion Frequency Standards SO 2015 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & THE EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS) CY APR 12-16, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, UFFC, EFTF DE atomic frequency standards; RF discharge lamp; deep ultraviolet; vacuum ultraviolet; lamp fabrication; buffer gas; optical pumping AB the mercury linear ion trap frequency standard (LITS) [1] at JPL continues to advance with multiple applications. In particular, the outstanding long-term stability [2] and practicality of the ground-based clock have attracted significant interests for time-keeping and metrology. However, the mercury RF discharge lamp used for optical pumping and state detection may limit the ultimate stability performance of the clock [3-4], constraining even broader application. For mercury ion frequency standards, the operational lamp behavior is described by the ratio of useful light at 194nm and unwanted background light at 254nm (194/254). This ratio has been observed to depend on several factors Increasing the 194nm output decreases optical pumping times and an increase of the 194/254 ratio improves the clock signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These improvements lead to an improvement in clock short-term stability and enable the use of an even broader range of local oscillators. We have carried out several experiments to unfold the relationship between the 194/254 and the fabrication factors: buffer gas pressure, lamp ID, and the quantity of mercury. The quantitative results may be used to improve the process of lamp fabrication for mercury ion frequency standards. The research here may also shed light on other lamp-based applications. C1 [Yi, L.; Burt, E. A.; Tjoelker, R. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Yi, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM Yi@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4799-8866-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2015 BP 188 EP 192 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3DU UT WOS:000370553200039 ER PT S AU Schwindt, PDD Jau, YY Partner, HL Serkland, DK Ison, A McCants, A Winrow, E Boschen, CD Kosvin, I Mailloux, D Scherer, D Prestage, J Kellogg, J Yu, N Nelson, C Hati, A Howe, DA AF Schwindt, Peter D. D. Jau, Yuan-Yu Partner, Heather L. Serkland, Darwin K. Ison, Aaron McCants, Andrew Winrow, Edward Boschen, C. Daniel Kosvin, Igor Mailloux, David Scherer, David Prestage, John Kellogg, James Yu, Nan Nelson, Craig Hati, Archita Howe, David A. GP IEEE TI Miniature Trapped-Ion Frequency Standard with Yb-171(+) SO 2015 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & THE EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS) CY APR 12-16, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, UFFC, EFTF DE atomic clock; trapped ions ID ALLAN DEVIATION; ATOMIC CLOCK; THEOH AB We describe the development and frequency instability measurements of a highly miniaturized, buffer gas cooled, trapped-ion atomic clock. The clock utilizes the 12.6 GHz hyperfine transition of the Yb-171(+) ion. A custom-built 3 cm(3) vacuum package containing the ion trap is integrated with other key elements of the atomic frequency standard, including a photo multiplier tube, miniaturized laser sources at 369 nm and 935 nm, a local oscillator, and control electronics. With the clock physics package assembled on a 10 cm x 15 cm breadboard, the long-term fractional frequency instability was measured to be 6 x 10(-14) at 25 days of integration. Later, the clock physics package was further miniaturized, and the frequency instability was measured to be 2 x 10(-11)/tau(1/2) at integration times up to 10,000 s. C1 [Schwindt, Peter D. D.; Jau, Yuan-Yu; Partner, Heather L.; Serkland, Darwin K.; Ison, Aaron; McCants, Andrew; Winrow, Edward] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Boschen, C. Daniel; Kosvin, Igor; Mailloux, David; Scherer, David] Microsemi Inc, Beverly, MA USA. [Prestage, John; Kellogg, James; Yu, Nan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Nelson, Craig; Hati, Archita; Howe, David A.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Schwindt, PDD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pschwin@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 12 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4799-8866-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2015 BP 752 EP 757 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3DU UT WOS:000370553200167 ER PT J AU Baldwin, E Fleck, B Muller, D AF Baldwin, Emily Fleck, Bernhard Muller, Daniel TI SOHO Two decades of observing the Sun SO ESA BULLETIN-EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY LA English DT Article AB Originally planned as a two-year mission, the ESA/NASA space-based observatory SOHO has been studying the Sun for 20 years, each day sending thrilling images from which research scientists learn about the nature and behaviour of our star. C1 [Baldwin, Emily] Estec, Dept Commun, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Fleck, Bernhard] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Directorate Sci & Robot Explorat, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Muller, Daniel] Estec, Directorate Sci & Robot Explorat, Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Baldwin, E (reprint author), Estec, Dept Commun, Noordwijk, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI NOORDWIJK PA ESTEC, PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-4265 EI 1608-4713 J9 ESA BULL-EUR SPACE JI ESA Bull.-Eur. Space Agency PY 2015 IS 163 BP 16 EP 23 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DF0BI UT WOS:000371003200002 ER PT S AU Halekas, JS Brain, DA Holmstrom, M AF Halekas, J. S. Brain, D. A. Holmstroem, M. BE Keiling, A Jackman, CM Delamere, PA TI Moon's Plasma Wake SO MAGNETOTAILS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IN-CELL SIMULATIONS; SOLAR-WIND INTERACTION; UPSTREAM ULF WAVES; LUNAR WAKE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; HYBRID SIMULATIONS; EXPLORER 35; EXPANSION; VACUUM; SPACE C1 [Halekas, J. S.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Brain, D. A.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holmstroem, M.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, S-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. [Halekas, J. S.; Brain, D. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASAs Lunar Sci Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Halekas, JS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. OI Halekas, Jasper/0000-0001-5258-6128 NR 106 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-84232-4; 978-1-118-84234-8 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 207 BP 149 EP 167 D2 10.1002/9781118842324 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BE2BK UT WOS:000368913000010 ER PT S AU Hesse, M Aunai, N Kuznetsova, M Zenitani, S Birn, J AF Hesse, Michael Aunai, Nicolas Kuznetsova, Masha Zenitani, Seiji Birn, Joachim BE Keiling, A Jackman, CM Delamere, PA TI Magnetic Reconnection in Different Environments: Similarities and Differences SO MAGNETOTAILS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIELD; MAGNETOPAUSE; SIMULATIONS; MODEL C1 [Hesse, Michael; Aunai, Nicolas; Kuznetsova, Masha] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Zenitani, Seiji] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo, Japan. [Birn, Joachim] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Birn, Joachim] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hesse, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-84232-4; 978-1-118-84234-8 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 207 BP 259 EP 267 D2 10.1002/9781118842324 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BE2BK UT WOS:000368913000016 ER PT S AU Kepko, L Glassmeier, KH Slavin, JA Sundberg, T AF Kepko, L. Glassmeier, K-H Slavin, J. A. Sundberg, T. BE Keiling, A Jackman, CM Delamere, PA TI Substorm Current Wedge at Earth and Mercury SO MAGNETOTAILS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; PLASMA SHEET; MESSENGER OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; FLOW BRAKING; ALFVEN WAVES; TAIL; FLUX; MAGNETOTAIL C1 [Kepko, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Glassmeier, K-H] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Slavin, J. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sundberg, T.] Univ London, Queen Mary Coll, Sch Phys & Astron, London, England. [Sundberg, T.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Kepko, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RI Slavin, James/H-3170-2012 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-84232-4; 978-1-118-84234-8 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 207 BP 361 EP 372 D2 10.1002/9781118842324 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BE2BK UT WOS:000368913000022 ER PT S AU Choi, SH Kim, MH Song, KD Yoon, H Lee, U AF Choi, Sang H. Kim, Min Hyuck Song, Kyo D. Yoon, Hargsoon Lee, Uhn BE Eggleton, BJ Palomba, S TI A Wirelessly Powered Micro-Spectrometer for Neural Probe-Pin Device SO MICRO+NANO MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Micro+Nano Materials, Devices, and Systems CY DEC 06-09, 2015 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Sydney, CUDOS, NSW Govt Trade & Investment, Australian Opt Soc, Off Naval Res Global, U S Army Res, Dev & Engn Command, SPIE DE Optical neural sensing; microspectrometer; neurotransmitter; wireless power transfer ID SPECTROMETER; LENS AB Treatment of neurological anomalies, places stringent demands on device functionality and size. A micro-spectrometer has been developed for use as an implantable neural probe to monitor neuro-chemistry in synapses. The micro-spectrometer, based on a NASA-invented miniature Fresnel grating, is capable of differentiating the emission spectra from various brain tissues. The micro-spectrometer meets the size requirements, and is able to probe the neuro-chemistry and suppression voltage typically associated with a neural anomaly. This neural probe-pin device (PPD) is equipped with wireless power technology (WPT) enabling operation in a continuous manner without requiring an implanted battery. The implanted neural PPD, together with a neural electronics interface and WPT, allow real-time measurement and control/feedback for remediation of neural anomalies. The design and performance of the combined PPD/WPT device for monitoring dopamine in a rat brain will be presented to demonstrate the current level of development. Future work on this device will involve the addition of an embedded expert system capable of performing semi-autonomous management of neural functions through a routine of sensing, processing, and control. C1 [Choi, Sang H.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Kim, Min Hyuck; Song, Kyo D.; Yoon, Hargsoon] Norfolk State Univ, Dept Engn, Norfolk, VA USA. [Lee, Uhn] Gachon Univ, Integrated Brain Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. RP Choi, SH (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-890-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9668 AR 96683Z DI 10.1117/12.2202203 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BE3HP UT WOS:000370723500051 ER PT S AU Shu, R Tang, A Drouin, B Gu, QJ AF Shu, Ran Tang, Adrian Drouin, Brian Gu, Qun Jane BE Leenaerts, D TI A 54-84 GHz CMOS SPST Switch with 35 dB Isolation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE RADIO FREQUENCY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS SYMPOSIUM (RFIC 2015) SE IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC) CY MAY 17-19, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, MTT S, Electron Devices Soc, SSCS DE SPST switch; high isolation; millimeter-wave; 65 nm CMOS ID TRAVELING-WAVE CONCEPT; SPDT SWITCH; DESIGN; BAND AB This paper presents a hybrid design based, CMOS millimeter-wave (mm-wave) single-polar single-throw (SPST) switch. The circuit design starts from the analysis and optimization of a distributed structure, while implemented using coupled lump elements for performance improvement and area-efficient layout. Moreover, a specific bias scheme is used to further decrease insertion loss by more than 0.5 dB. This SPST switch achieves higher than 35 dB isolation over an ultra-wide frequency range, from 54 GHz to 84 GHz, a minimum 1.7 dB insertion loss, and <-10 dB return loss with 0.012 mm(2) chip area in 65 nm CMOS. This design achieves more than 10 dB enhancement of isolation by comparing with state-of-the-arts while maintaining similar insertion loss. C1 [Shu, Ran; Tang, Adrian; Gu, Qun Jane] Univ Calif Davis, High Speed Integrated Circuits & Syst Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tang, Adrian; Drouin, Brian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shu, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, High Speed Integrated Circuits & Syst Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1529-2517 BN 978-1-4799-7642-3 J9 IEEE RAD FREQ INTEGR PY 2015 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE3HT UT WOS:000370739800004 ER PT S AU Grandidier, J Gogna, PK Errico, M Nesmith, B Lee, DE AF Grandidier, Jonathan Gogna, Pawan K. Errico, Michael Nesmith, Bill Lee, David E. GP IEEE TI Solar cell measurements at high temperature SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE High Temperature Photovoltaics; Multi-junction Solar Cell AB Photovoltaic (PV) power technology is in principle capable of operating in a high temperature environment, but little work has been done to understand how to adapt currently available device and system technologies for extreme conditions. T he objective of this work is to look at the performance of a multi-junction concentrator solar cell operating at high temperature and to find promising approaches to increase the efficiency of a solar cell under extreme conditions. C1 [Grandidier, Jonathan; Gogna, Pawan K.; Errico, Michael; Nesmith, Bill] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lee, David E.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Grandidier, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901052 ER PT S AU Landis, GA Fincannon, J AF Landis, Geoffrey A. Fincannon, James GP IEEE TI Study of Power Options for Jupiter and Outer Planet Missions SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE space exploration; spacecraft solar arrays; solar electric propulsion; photovoltaic cells; concentrator; Fresnel lens; Jupiter missions; outer planets AB Power for missions to Jupiter and beyond presents a challenging goal for photovoltaic power systems, but NASA missions including Juno and the upcoming Europa Clipper mission have shown that it is possible to operate solar arrays at Jupiter. This work analyzes photovoltaic technologies for use in Jupiter and outer planet missions, including both conventional arrays, as well as analyzing the advantages of advanced solar cells, concentrator arrays, and thin film technologies. C1 [Landis, Geoffrey A.; Fincannon, James] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Landis, GA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902096 ER PT S AU Landis, GA Oleson, SR Mercer, CR AF Landis, Geoffrey A. Oleson, Steven R. Mercer, Carolyn R. GP IEEE TI Solar Electric Propulsion for Future NASA Missions SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE AB Use of high-power solar arrays, at power levels up to a megawatt, have been proposed for a solar-electric propulsion (SEP) missions, using photovoltaic arrays to provide energy to high-power xenon-fueled engines. One of the proposed demonstrations of high-power SEP technology is a mission to rendezvous with an asteroid and move it into lunar orbit for human exploration, the Asteroid Redirect mission. NASA's Solar Electric Propulsion project is dedicated to developing critical technologies to enable trips destinations such as Mars or asteroids. NASA needs to reduce the cost of these ambitious exploration missions. High power and high efficiency SEP systems will require much less propellant to meet those requirements. C1 [Landis, Geoffrey A.; Oleson, Steven R.; Mercer, Carolyn R.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Landis, GA (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901131 ER PT S AU Lockett, TR Martinez, A Boyd, D SanSoucie, M Farmer, B Schneider, T Laue, G Fabisinski, L Johnson, L Carr, JA AF Lockett, Tiffany Russell Martinez, Armando Boyd, Darren SanSoucie, Michael Farmer, Brandon Schneider, Todd Laue, Greg Fabisinski, Leo Johnson, Les Carr, John A. GP IEEE TI Advancements of the Lightweight Integrated Solar Array and Transceiver (LISA-T) Small Spacecraft System SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE solar power generation; photovoltaic systems; power systems; space technology; aerospace materials; antenna arrays AB This paper describes recent advancements of the Lightweight Integrated Solar Array and Transceiver (LISA-T) currently being developed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. The LISA-T array comprises a launch stowed, orbit deployed structure on which thin-film photovoltaic (PV) and antenna devices are embedded. The system provides significant electrical power generation at low weights, high stowage efficiency, and without the need for solar tracking. Leveraging high-volume terrestrial-market PVs also gives the potential for lower array costs. LISA-T is addressing the power starvation epidemic currently seen by many small-scale satellites while also enabling the application of deployable antenna arrays. Herein, an overview of the system and its applications are presented alongside sub-system development progress and environmental testing plans. C1 [Lockett, Tiffany Russell; Martinez, Armando; Boyd, Darren; SanSoucie, Michael; Schneider, Todd; Fabisinski, Leo; Johnson, Les; Carr, John A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Farmer, Brandon; Laue, Greg] ManTech NeXolve Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Lockett, TR (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901126 ER PT S AU Myers, M Wolford, D Snyder, D Piszczor, M AF Myers, Matthew Wolford, Dave Snyder, Dave Piszczor, Michael GP IEEE TI ER-2 High Altitude Solar Cell Calibration Flights SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE AB Evaluation of space photovoltaics using ground-based simulators requires primary standard cells which have been characterized in a space or near-space environment. Due to the high cost inherent in testing cells in space, most primary standards are tested on high altitude fixed wing aircraft or balloons. The ER-2 test platform is the latest system developed by the Glenn Research Center (GRC) for near-space photovoltaic characterization. This system offers several improvements over GRC's current Learjet platform including higher altitude, larger testing area, onboard spectrometers, and longer flight season. The ER-2 system was developed by GRC in cooperation with NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center (AFRC) as well as partners at the Naval Research Laboratory and Air Force Research Laboratory. The system was designed and built between June and September of 2014, with the integration and first flights taking place at AFRC's Palmdale facility in October of 2014. Three flights were made testing cells from GRC as well as commercial industry partners. Cell performance data was successfully collected on all three flights as well as solar spectra. The data was processed using a Langley extrapolation method, and performance results showed a less than half a percent variation between flights, and less than a percent variation from GRC's current Learjet test platform. C1 [Myers, Matthew; Wolford, Dave; Snyder, Dave; Piszczor, Michael] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Myers, M (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901027 ER PT S AU O'Neill, M McDanal, AJ Brandhorst, H Schmid, K LaCorte, P Piszczor, M Myers, M AF O'Neill, Mark McDanal, A. J. Brandhorst, Henry Schmid, Kevin LaCorte, Peter Piszczor, Michael Myers, Matt GP IEEE TI Recent Space PV Concentrator Advances: More Robust, Lighter, and Easier to Track SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE concentrator; Fresnel lens; graphene; inverted metamorphic (IMM) cells; Solar Optical Lens Architecture on Roll-Out Solar Array (SOLAROSA) AB Over the past three years, the authors have collaborated on several significant advances in space photovoltaic concentrator technology, including a far more robust Fresnel lens for sunlight concentration, improved color-mixing features for the lens to minimize chromatic aberration losses for next-generation 4-junction and 6-junction IMM cells, a new approach to sun-tracking requiring only one axis of rotation even in the presence of large beta angles (e.g., +/- 50 degrees), a new waste heat radiator made of graphene, with 80-90% reduction in mass, and a new platform for deployment and support on orbit (SOLAROSA). These patent-pending advances are described in this paper. C1 [O'Neill, Mark; McDanal, A. J.] Mark ONeill LLC, Keller, TX 76248 USA. [Brandhorst, Henry] Carbon Free Energy LLC, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Schmid, Kevin; LaCorte, Peter] Deployable Space Syst Inc, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Piszczor, Michael; Myers, Matt] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP O'Neill, M (reprint author), Mark ONeill LLC, Keller, TX 76248 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902102 ER PT S AU Schneider, TA Vaughn, JA Wright, KH Phillips, BS AF Schneider, Todd A. Vaughn, Jason A. Wright, Kenneth H., Jr. Phillips, Brandon S. GP IEEE TI Space Environment Testing of Photovoltaic Array Systems at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE photovoltaic array; photovoltaic test and evaluation; space environment ID COUPONS AB To successfully operate a photovoltaic (PV) array system in space requires planning and testing to account for the effects of the space environment. It is critical to understand space environment interactions not only on the PV components, but also the array substrate materials, wiring harnesses, connectors, and protection circuitry (e.g. blocking diodes). Key elements of the space environment which must be accounted for in a PV system design include: Solar Photon Radiation, Charged Particle Radiation, Plasma, and Thermal Cycling. While solar photon radiation is central to generating power in PV systems, the complete spectrum includes short wavelength ultraviolet components, which photo-ionize materials, as well as long wavelength infrared which heat materials. High energy electron radiation has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the output power of III-V type PV cells; and proton radiation damages material surfaces - often impacting coverglasses and anti reflective coatings. Plasma environments influence electrostatic charging of PV array materials, and must be understood to ensure that long duration arcs do not form and potentially destroy PV cells. Thermal cycling impacts all components on a PV array by inducing stresses due to thermal expansion and contraction. Given such demanding environments, and the complexity of structures and materials that form a PV array system, mission success can only be ensured through realistic testing in the laboratory. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a broad space environment test capability to allow PV array designers and manufacturers to verify their system's integrity and avoid costly on-orbit failures. The Marshall Space Flight Center test capabilities are available to government, commercial, and university customers. Test solutions are tailored to meet the customer's needs, and can include performance assessments, such as flash testing in the case of PV cells. C1 [Schneider, Todd A.; Vaughn, Jason A.] NASA MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Wright, Kenneth H., Jr.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Phillips, Brandon S.] Aerodyne Inc, Huntsville, AL 35802 USA. RP Schneider, TA (reprint author), NASA MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901044 ER PT S AU Cameron, Z Kulkarni, CS Luna, AG Goebel, K Poll, S AF Cameron, Zachary Kulkarni, Chetan S. Luna, Ali Guarneros Goebel, Kai Poll, Scott GP IEEE TI A Battery Certification Testbed for Small Satellite Missions SO 2015 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY NOV 02-05, 2015 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB A battery pack consisting of standard cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion cells has been chosen for small satellite missions based on previous flight heritage and compliance with NASA battery safety requirements. However, for batteries that transit through the International Space Station (ISS), additional certification tests are required for individual cells as well as the battery packs. In this manuscript, we discuss the development of generalized testbeds for testing and certifying different types of batteries critical to small satellite missions. Test procedures developed and executed for this certification effort include: a detailed physical inspection before and after experiments; electrical cycling characterization at the cell and pack levels; battery-pack overcharge, over-discharge, external short testing; battery-pack vacuum leak and vibration testing. The overall goals of these certification procedures are to conform to requirements set forth by the agency and identify unique safety hazards. The testbeds, procedures, and experimental results are discussed for batteries chosen for small satellite missions to be launched from the ISS. C1 [Cameron, Zachary] Penn State Univ, Dept Aerosp, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Kulkarni, Chetan S.] SGT Inc, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Luna, Ali Guarneros; Goebel, Kai; Poll, Scott] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Cameron, Z (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Aerosp, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. EM zac5060@psu.edu; chetan.s.kulkarni@nasa.gov; ali.guarnerosluna@nasa.gov; kai.goebel@nasa.gov; scott.poll@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4799-8190-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2015 BP 162 EP 168 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE2IF UT WOS:000369339800028 ER PT J AU Leising, AW Schroeder, ID Bograd, SJ Abell, J Durazo, R Gaxiola-Castro, G Bjorkstedt, EP Field, J Sakuma, K Robertson, RR Goericke, R Peterson, WT Brodeur, R Barcelo, C Auth, TD Daly, EA Suryan, RM Gladics, AJ Porquez, JM McClatchie, S Weber, ED Watson, W Santora, JA Sydeman, WJ Melin, SR Chavez, FP Golightly, RT Schneider, SR Fisher, J Morgan, C Bradley, R Warybok, P AF Leising, Andrew W. Schroeder, Isaac D. Bograd, Steven J. Abell, Jeffrey Durazo, Reginaldo Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto Bjorkstedt, Eric P. Field, John Sakuma, Keith Robertson, Roxanne R. Goericke, Ralf Peterson, William T. Brodeur, Ric Barcelo, Caren Auth, Toby D. Daly, Elizabeth A. Suryan, Robert M. Gladics, Amanda J. Porquez, Jessica M. McClatchie, Sam Weber, Edward D. Watson, William Santora, Jarrod A. Sydeman, William J. Melin, Sharon R. Chavez, Francisco P. Golightly, Richard T. Schneider, Stephanie R. Fisher, Jennifer Morgan, Cheryl Bradley, Russell Warybok, Peter TI STATE OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT 2014-15: IMPACTS OF THE WARM-WATER "BLOB" SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PELAGIC JUVENILE ROCKFISH; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CURRENT SYSTEM; MARINE PREDATOR; EL-NINO; DISTRIBUTIONS; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE; PACIFIC AB In 2014, the California Current (similar to 28 degrees-48 degrees N) saw average, or below average, coastal upwelling and relatively low productivity in most locations, except from 38 degrees-43 degrees N during June and July. Chlorophyll-a levels were low throughout spring and summer at most locations, except in a small region around 39 degrees N. Catches of juvenile rockfish (an indicator of upwelling-related fish species) remained high throughout the area surveyed (32 degrees-43 degrees N). In the fall of 2014, as upwelling ceased, many locations saw an unprecedented increase in sea surface temperatures (anomalies as large as 4 degrees C), particularly at 45 degrees N due to the coastal intrusion of an extremely anomalous pool of warm water. This warm surface anomaly had been building offshore in the Gulf of Alaska since the fall of 2013, and has been referred to as the "blob." Values of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (PDO) continued to climb during 2014, indicative of the increase in warm coastal surface waters, whereas the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation index (NPGO) saw a slight rebound to more neutral values (indicative of average productivity levels) during 2014. During spring 2015, the upwelling index was slightly higher than average for locations in the central and northern region, but remained below average at latitudes south of 35 degrees N. Chlorophyll a levels were slightly higher than average in similar to 0.5 degrees latitude patches north of 35 degrees N, whereas productivity and phytoplankton biomass were low south of Pt. Conception. Catches of rockfish remained high along most of the coast, however, market squid remained high only within the central coast (36 degrees-38 degrees N), and euphausiid abundance decreased everywhere, as compared to the previous year. Sardine and anchovy were nearly absent from the southern portion of the California Current system (CCS), whereas their larvae were found off the coast of Oregon and Washington during winter for the first time in many years. Waters warmed dramatically in the southern California region due to a change in wind patterns similar to that giving rise to the blob in the broader northeast Pacific. For most of the coast, there were intrusions of species never found before or found at much higher abundances than usual, including fish, crustaceans, tunicates and other gelatinous zooplankton, along with other species often indicative of an El Nino. Thus species richness was high in many areas given the close juxtaposition of coastal upwelling-related species with the offshore warm-water intrusive or El Nino-typical taxa. Thus the California Current by 2015 appears to have transitioned to a very different state than previous observations. C1 [Leising, Andrew W.; Schroeder, Isaac D.; Bograd, Steven J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Div Environm Res, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Abell, Jeffrey] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Arcata, CA USA. [Durazo, Reginaldo] UABC, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto] CICESE, Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Bjorkstedt, Eric P.; Field, John; Sakuma, Keith] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Robertson, Roxanne R.] Humboldt State Univ, CIMEC, Arcata, CA USA. [Goericke, Ralf] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92024 USA. [Peterson, William T.; Brodeur, Ric] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Barcelo, Caren] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Auth, Toby D.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Suryan, Robert M.; Gladics, Amanda J.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Porquez, Jessica M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [McClatchie, Sam; Weber, Edward D.; Watson, William] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.; Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Melin, Sharon R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chavez, Francisco P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Golightly, Richard T.; Schneider, Stephanie R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Fisher, Jennifer; Morgan, Cheryl] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bradley, Russell; Warybok, Peter] Point Blue Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. RP Leising, AW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Div Environm Res, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. FU NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program; NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Plan (SAIP) program; Bonneville Power Administration (BPA); NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program [NNX09AT01G]; National Science Foundation [OCE-1026607]; CICESE; SEMARNAT-CONACYT [107267]; SEP-CONACYT [129140, 129611] FX Andrew W. Leising was partially funded through NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. Ichthyoplankton collections off the Oregon coast were supported in part by NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Plan (SAIP) and Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) programs, as well as from a grant through the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). Observations along the Trinidad Head Line were also supported in part by NOAA's SAIP and FATE programs, the able assistance of crew from HSU's RV Coral Sea, numerous HSU students, and research assistants. Financial support was provided by the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program Grants NNX09AT01G (M.K.), National Science Foundation (Grant OCE-1026607 to the CCE LTER program). Satellite data were provided by the NASA Ocean Color Processing Group and ESA MERIS team. We thank the CalCOFI and CCE-LTER programs, NOAA SWFSC survey, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, and Pacific Coastal Ocean Observing System for in situ data. R. DeLong, J. Harris, H. Huber, J. Laake, A. Orr, and many field assistants participated in the data collection and summaries. Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Research was conducted under NMFS Permit 16087 issued to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. The IMECOCAL program thanks students, technicians, researchers, and crew of the CICESE RV Francisco de Ulloa and INAPESCA RV BIPO who participated in the surveys. IMECOCAL surveys were supported by CICESE, SEMARNAT-CONACYT 107267, and SEP-CONACYT 129140 and 129611 projects. The summer 2004 survey was in collaboration with INAPESCA-SAGARPA and CICIMAR-IPN. Thanks to Erasmo Miranda for processing CTD data, and to Martin De la Cruz for chlorophyll a analyses. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 13 U2 25 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD JAN-DEC PY 2015 VL 56 BP 31 EP 68 PG 38 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DD3PO UT WOS:000369835000002 ER PT B AU Schultz, G Storksdieck, M Canright, S AF Schultz, Greg Storksdieck, Martin Canright, Shelley BE Schultz, G Buxner, S Shore, L Barnes, J TI Federal STEM Policy and Politics and Their Impact on Astronomy EPO: Reflections and Provocations SO CELEBRATING SCIENCE: PUTTING EDUCATION BEST PRACTICES TO WORK SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 126th Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific Annual Meeting on Celebrating Science: Putting Education Best Practices to Work CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Burlingame, CA SP Astron Soc Pacif, NRAO, Sky Skan, E&S, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, CELESTRON, AAS, EXPLORE Sci AB The federal government invests more than $3 billion each year across its various units in supporting STEM education and outreach. Efforts in recent years to understand and better coordinate these investments have resulted in considerable push back, particularly those efforts that aimed at consolidation and elimination of programs deemed ineffective or duplicative. While initial plans to streamline federal STEM education were defeated, many agencies nonetheless saw cuts and elimination, and a high-level effort to coordinate STEM education at the cross-agency level is now gaining steam (CoSTEM: Committee on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education). What do all of these developments mean for education and public outreach in astronomy and related fields? How should this community operate within the opportunities and threats that CoSTEM might pose? Former director of the National Academy of Science's Board on Science Education, and now director of the Center for Research on Lifelong STEM Learning, Martin Storksdieck, reflected on past and recent developments from the perspective of a close observer, and from the perspective of someone who has been involved in astronomy education research and evaluation for nearly 20 years. Shelley Canright, Senior Advisor for Education Integration at the NASA Office of Education, shared her insights and perspectives with respect to CoSTEM and EPO, in particular from co-chairing the Federal Coordination in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education (FC-STEM) group. C1 [Schultz, Greg] Astron Soc Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. [Storksdieck, Martin] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Canright, Shelley] NASA, Off Educ, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Schultz, G (reprint author), Astron Soc Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. EM gschultz@astrosociety.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-884-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 500 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BE2YJ UT WOS:000370302600001 ER PT B AU Meinke, BK Thomas, C Eyermann, S Mitchell, S LaConte, K Hauck, K AF Meinke, Bonnie K. Thomas, Christie Eyermann, Sarah Mitchell, Sara LaConte, Keliann Hauck, Karin BE Schultz, G Buxner, S Shore, L Barnes, J TI NASA's Coordinated Efforts to Enhance STEM Education: Bringing NASA Science into the Library SO CELEBRATING SCIENCE: PUTTING EDUCATION BEST PRACTICES TO WORK SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 126th Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific Annual Meeting on Celebrating Science: Putting Education Best Practices to Work CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Burlingame, CA SP Astron Soc Pacif, NRAO, Sky Skan, E&S, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, CELESTRON, AAS, EXPLORE Sci AB Libraries are community-centered, free-access venues serving learners of all ages and backgrounds. Libraries also recognize the importance of science literacy and strive to include science in their programming portfolio. Scientists and educators can partner with local libraries to advance mutual goals of connecting the public to Earth and Space Science. In this interactive Special Interest Group (SIG) discussion, representatives from the NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) Education and Public Outreach (EPO) community's library collaborations discussed the opportunities for partnership with public and school libraries; explored the resources, events, and programs available through libraries; explored NASA science programming and professional development opportunities available for librarians; and strategized about the types of support that librarians require to plan and implement programs that use NASA data and resources. We also shared successes, lessons learned, and future opportunities for incorporating NASA science programming into library settings. C1 [Meinke, Bonnie K.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Thomas, Christie] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Eyermann, Sarah; Mitchell, Sara] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [LaConte, Keliann] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Hauck, Karin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Meinke, BK (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM meinke@stsci.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-884-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 500 BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BE2YJ UT WOS:000370302600016 ER PT B AU Hasan, H Smith, D AF Hasan, Hashima Smith, Denise BE Schultz, G Buxner, S Shore, L Barnes, J TI Best Practices in NASA's Astrophysics Education and Public Outreach Projects SO CELEBRATING SCIENCE: PUTTING EDUCATION BEST PRACTICES TO WORK SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 126th Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific Annual Meeting on Celebrating Science: Putting Education Best Practices to Work CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Burlingame, CA SP Astron Soc Pacif, NRAO, Sky Skan, E&S, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, CELESTRON, AAS, EXPLORE Sci AB NASA's Astrophysics Education and Public Outreach (EPO) program has partnered scientists and educators since its inception almost twenty years ago, leading to authentic STEM experiences and products widely used by the education and outreach community. We present examples of best practices and representative projects. Keys to success include effective use of unique mission science/technology, attention to audience needs, coordination of effort, robust partnerships and publicly accessible repositories of EPO products. Projects are broadly targeted towards audiences in formal education, informal education, and community engagement. All NASA programs are evaluated for quality and impact. New technology is incorporated to engage young students being raised in the digital age. All projects focus on conveying the excitement of scientific discoveries from NASA's Astrophysics missions, advancing scientific literacy, and engaging students in science and technology careers. C1 [Hasan, Hashima] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Smith, Denise] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hasan, H (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-884-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 500 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BE2YJ UT WOS:000370302600022 ER PT B AU LaConte, K Shaner, A Shipp, S Garst, B Bialeschki, MD Netting, R Erickson, K AF LaConte, Keliann Shaner, Andy Shipp, Stephanie Garst, Barry Bialeschki, M. Deborah Netting, Ruth Erickson, Kristen BE Schultz, G Buxner, S Shore, L Barnes, J TI Communication and Shared Practices are Bringing NASA STEM Resources to Camp Youth SO CELEBRATING SCIENCE: PUTTING EDUCATION BEST PRACTICES TO WORK SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 126th Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific Annual Meeting on Celebrating Science: Putting Education Best Practices to Work CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Burlingame, CA SP Astron Soc Pacif, NRAO, Sky Skan, E&S, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, CELESTRON, AAS, EXPLORE Sci AB In 2012, NASA and the American Camp Association (ACA) entered into an alliance to further both organizations' goals and objectives with regard to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This alliance is providing camp staff and their young audiences access to NASA's resources. NASA disseminates resources (e.g., pathways for requesting guest presenters, informal learning lesson plans), conducts ACA professional development (online and at ACA conferences), and coordinates efforts around key events (e.g., spacecraft launches). ACA promotes awareness of NASA resources through their communications and services. Together, the organizations are working to inspire a new generation of scientists, engineers, explorers, educators, and innovators to pursue STEM careers. C1 [LaConte, Keliann; Shaner, Andy; Shipp, Stephanie] Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Garst, Barry] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. [Bialeschki, M. Deborah] Amer Camp Assoc, Martinsville, IN USA. [Netting, Ruth; Erickson, Kristen] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. RP LaConte, K (reprint author), Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM laconte@lpi.usra.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-884-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 500 BP 203 EP 206 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BE2YJ UT WOS:000370302600035 ER PT B AU Davis, HB Scalice, D AF Davis, Hilarie B. Scalice, Daniella BE Schultz, G Buxner, S Shore, L Barnes, J TI Defining, Enhancing, and Documenting Impact of STEM Education and Public Outreach Projects Through a Quantitative Collaborative Impact Analysis Evaluation Method SO CELEBRATING SCIENCE: PUTTING EDUCATION BEST PRACTICES TO WORK SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 126th Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific Annual Meeting on Celebrating Science: Putting Education Best Practices to Work CY AUG 02-06, 2014 CL Burlingame, CA SP Astron Soc Pacif, NRAO, Sky Skan, E&S, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, CELESTRON, AAS, EXPLORE Sci ID MENTAL MODELS AB Evaluation of the impact of STEM EPO efforts has now been recognized by policy makers and funders as critical for demonstrating their effects. While this is important and long overdue, it overlooks an equally important function of evaluation informing the needs assessment, objectives, design, and implementation of a project. As more evaluation is required, there is an opportunity to move from an external evaluation of a project performed by a third party to embedding evaluation in both the work and cognitive framework of the STEM EPO professional. This paper describes the development and use of a collaborative evaluation method with the NASA Astrobiology Institute's (NAI) STEM EPO projects to both enhance and document their impact. C1 [Davis, Hilarie B.] Technol Learning Consortium Inc, Jensen Beach, FL USA. [Scalice, Daniella] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Davis, HB (reprint author), Technol Learning Consortium Inc, Jensen Beach, FL USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-884-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 500 BP 211 EP 222 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BE2YJ UT WOS:000370302600037 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, MJ AF Bhagwat, Mahendra J. TI Optimum Loading and Induced Swirl Effects in Hover SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Optimum hover performance is the quintessential goal of rotor design. Yet it is not entirely clear what exactly is the optimum loading for a hovering rotor. Propeller theory gives the Betz loading as the optimum for an actuator disk in axial flight, which is commonly believed to be the optimum in hover as well. Helicopter textbooks often give uniform loading (and the corresponding uniform inflow) as the optimum in hover based on simple momentum theory, which ignores induced swirl. Glauert derived optimum loading solution in hover, including swirl and showed that it differs from the Betz loading. The present work uses combined blade element momentum theory to examine these loadings and to better understand optimum hover performance. The analysis is applicable to both ideal (actuator disks) and realistic rotors. The analysis is further augmented with a profile drag model to calculate rotor performance and is successfully applied to several rotor configurations. C1 [Bhagwat, Mahendra J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Res Dev & Engn Command, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr,US Army Aviat, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bhagwat, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Res Dev & Engn Command, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr,US Army Aviat, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM mahendra.j.bhagwat.civ@mail.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 EI 2161-6027 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 60 IS 1 AR 012004 DI 10.4050/JAHS.60.012004 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DE1KY UT WOS:000370387100010 ER PT J AU Islam, T Srivastava, PK Hajnsek, I Benveniste, J Ge, LL AF Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. Hajnsek, Irena Benveniste, Jerome Ge, Linlin TI Special Issue on "Emerging science and applications with microwave remote sensing data" SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Islam, Tanvir] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hajnsek, Irena] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Microwaves & Radar Inst, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Hajnsek, Irena] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Benveniste, Jerome] European Space Agcy, ESRIN, Frascati, Italy. [Ge, Linlin] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Islam, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. EM tanvir.islam@jpl.nasa.gov; prashant.k.srivastava@nasa.gov; irena.hajnsek@dlr.de; jerome.benveniste@esa.int; l.ge@unsw.edu.au OI Srivastava, Prashant K./0000-0002-4155-630X; Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 EI 1873-5193 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PY 2015 VL 83-84 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.pce.2015.11.001 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA DE2HF UT WOS:000370447200001 ER PT J AU Yaduvanshi, A Srivastava, PK Pandey, AC AF Yaduvanshi, Aradhana Srivastava, Prashant K. Pandey, A. C. TI Integrating TRMM and MODIS satellite with socio-economic vulnerability for monitoring drought risk over a tropical region of India SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Article DE Drought; Hazard and Risk; GIS; SPI; TRMM; MODIS ID LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; SENEGALESE SAHEL; SOIL-MOISTURE; GREAT-PLAINS; NDVI; COVER; DRY; VARIABILITY AB Drought is a recurring feature of the climate, responsible for social and economic losses in India. In the present work, attempts were made to estimate the drought hazard and risk using spatial and temporal datasets of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in integration with socio-economic vulnerability. The TRMM rainfall was taken into account for trend analysis and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) estimation, with aim to investigate the changes in rainfall and deducing its pattern over the area. The SPI and average rainfall data derived from TRMM were interpolated to obtain the spatial and temporal pattern over the entire South Bihar of India, while the MODIS datasets were used to derive the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) deviation in the area. The Geographical Information System (GIS) is taken into account to integrate the drought vulnerability and hazard, in order to estimate the drought risk over entire South Bihar. The results indicated that approximately 36.90% area is facing high to very high drought risk over north-eastern and western part of South Bihar and need conservation measurements to combat this disaster. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yaduvanshi, Aradhana] Birla Inst Technol, Ctr Excellence Climatol, Ranchi, Bihar, India. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Pandey, A. C.] Cent Univ Jharkhand, Ctr Land Resource Management, Ranchi, Bihar, India. RP Yaduvanshi, A (reprint author), Birla Inst Technol, Ctr Excellence Climatol, Ranchi, Bihar, India. EM aradhanayaduvanshi10@gmail.com FU Department of Remote Sensing & Geoinformatics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India FX The authors would like to thank Department of Remote Sensing & Geoinformatics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India for their support. The views expressed here are those of the authors solely and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NASA or the authors' affiliated institutions. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 EI 1873-5193 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PY 2015 VL 83-84 BP 14 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.pce.2015.01.006 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA DE2HF UT WOS:000370447200003 ER PT S AU Hamaguchi, K Corcoran, MF AF Hamaguchi, K. Corcoran, M. F. BA Lanz, T BF Lanz, T CA N Car Team BE Lagadec, E Millour, F TI THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF THE CENTRAL CONSTANT EMISSION COMPONENT OF ETA CARINAE SO PHYSICS OF EVOLVED STARS: A CONFERENCE DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF OLIVIER CHESNEAU SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Physics of Evolved Stars: A Conference Dedicated to the Memory of Olivier Chesneau CY JUN 08, 2015 CL Nice, FRANCE SP Observ Cote Azur, Lab Joseph Louis Lagrange Lagrange UMR 7293, INSU, Programme Natl Phys Stellaire, INSU, Act Specif Haute Resolut Angulaire, Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Ville Nice AB The campaign observations of the evolved super massive binary system, eta Car, revealed an apparently non-variable X-ray emission component, which was observable only around periastron when the wind-wind colliding (WWC) X-ray emission from the binary system dropped. This central constant emission (CCE) component originates from hot thermal plasma at >50 million degrees Kelvin confined within similar to 0.2 '' (similar to 460 AU at 2.3 kpc) of the binary system. The emission suffers weak X-ray absorption at N-H similar to 3-5 x 10(22) cm(-2), so that the plasma should be in front of the binary system. These results suggest that the CCE plasma is thermalized by collision of the secondary wind with the primary wind shell ejected a few orbital cycles before and that it fills the foreground cavity carved by the wind of the secondary star. An apparent change of the line of sight absorption between 2003 and 2009 may suggest a change of the mass loss rate of the primary star around that time. C1 [Hamaguchi, K.; Corcoran, M. F.] NASA, GSFC, CRESST, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hamaguchi, K.] UMBC, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Corcoran, M. F.] USRA, Columbia, MD USA. RP Hamaguchi, K (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, CRESST, Los Angeles, CA USA.; Hamaguchi, K (reprint author), UMBC, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-1907-2 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2015 VL 71-72 BP 37 EP 40 DI 10.1051/eas/1571006 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2YK UT WOS:000370302700005 ER PT S AU Matsuura, M Sargent, B Swinyard, B Yates, JA Royer, P Barlow, MJ Boyer, ML Decin, L Khouri, T Meixner, M van Loon, JT Woods, PM AF Matsuura, M. Sargent, B. Swinyard, B. Yates, J. A. Royer, P. Barlow, M. J. Boyer, M. L. Decin, L. Khouri, T. Meixner, M. van Loon, J. Th. Woods, P. M. BA Lanz, T BF Lanz, T BE Lagadec, E Millour, F TI DETECTION OF ROTATIONAL CO EMISSION FROM THE RED-SUPERGIANTS IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD SO PHYSICS OF EVOLVED STARS: A CONFERENCE DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF OLIVIER CHESNEAU SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Physics of Evolved Stars: A Conference Dedicated to the Memory of Olivier Chesneau CY JUN 08, 2015 CL Nice, FRANCE SP Observ Cote Azur, Lab Joseph Louis Lagrange Lagrange UMR 7293, INSU, Programme Natl Phys Stellaire, INSU, Act Specif Haute Resolut Angulaire, Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Ville Nice ID MASS-LOSS RATES; HERSCHEL-SPIRE INSTRUMENT; EVOLVED STARS; VY CMA; EVOLUTION; DUST; WIND; PACS; II.; AGB AB It is yet well understood how mass-loss rates from evolved stars depend on metallicities. With a half of the solar metallicity and the distance of only 50 kpc, the evolved stars of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) are an ideal target for studying mass loss at low metallicity. We have obtained spectra of red-supergiants in the LMC, using the Hershel Space Observatory, detecting CO thermal lines fro J=6-5 up to 15-14 lines. Modelling CO lines with non-LTE Radiative transfer code suggests that CO lines intensities can be well explained with high gas-to-dust ratio, with no obvious reduction in mass-loss rate at the LMC. We conclude that the luminosities of the stars are dominant factors on mass-loss rates, rather than the metallicity. C1 [Matsuura, M.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Matsuura, M.; Swinyard, B.; Yates, J. A.; Barlow, M. J.] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Sargent, B.] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Sargent, B.] Rochester Inst Technol, Lab Multiwavelength Astrophys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Swinyard, B.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Royer, P.; Decin, L.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Boyer, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Decin, L.; Khouri, T.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Khouri, T.] Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Meixner, M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Meixner, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bloomberg Ctr 366, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [van Loon, J. Th.] Keele Univ, Lennard Jones Labs, Sch Phys & Geog Sci, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Woods, P. M.] Queens Univ, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Matsuura, M (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. OI Barlow, Michael/0000-0002-3875-1171 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-1907-2 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2015 VL 71-72 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1051/eas/1571010 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2YK UT WOS:000370302700009 ER PT S AU Gehrz, RD Evans, A Helton, LA Woodward, CE AF Gehrz, R. D. Evans, A. Helton, L. A. Woodward, C. E. BA Lanz, T BF Lanz, T BE Lagadec, E Millour, F TI INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF NOVAE IN THE SOFIA ERA SO PHYSICS OF EVOLVED STARS: A CONFERENCE DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF OLIVIER CHESNEAU SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Physics of Evolved Stars: A Conference Dedicated to the Memory of Olivier Chesneau CY JUN 08, 2015 CL Nice, FRANCE SP Observ Cote Azur, Lab Joseph Louis Lagrange Lagrange UMR 7293, INSU, Programme Natl Phys Stellaire, INSU, Act Specif Haute Resolut Angulaire, Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Ville Nice ID VULPECULAE; SCIENCE AB Classical novae inject chemically enriched gas and dust into the local inter-stellar medium (ISM). Abundances in the ejecta can be deduced from infrared (IR) forbidden line emission. IR spectroscopy can determine the mineralogy of grains that grow in nova ejecta. We anticipate the impact that NASA's new Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) will have on future IR studies of novae. C1 [Gehrz, R. D.; Woodward, C. E.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Evans, A.] Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Helton, L. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, SOFIA Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gehrz, RD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-1907-2 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2015 VL 71-72 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1051/eas/1571030 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2YK UT WOS:000370302700029 ER PT S AU Evans, A Gehrz, RD Helton, LA Woodward, CE AF Evans, A. Gehrz, R. D. Helton, L. A. Woodward, C. E. BA Lanz, T BF Lanz, T BE Lagadec, E Millour, F TI THE CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST OF "BORN-AGAIN" STARS SO PHYSICS OF EVOLVED STARS: A CONFERENCE DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF OLIVIER CHESNEAU SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Physics of Evolved Stars: A Conference Dedicated to the Memory of Olivier Chesneau CY JUN 08, 2015 CL Nice, FRANCE SP Observ Cote Azur, Lab Joseph Louis Lagrange Lagrange UMR 7293, INSU, Programme Natl Phys Stellaire, INSU, Act Specif Haute Resolut Angulaire, Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Ville Nice ID V4334-SGR SAKURAIS OBJECT; FG SAGITTAE; CK VUL; EVOLUTION; NOVA; WIND; SGR; CO AB We describe the evolution of the carbon dust shells around Very Late Thermal Pulse (VLTP) objects as seen at infrared wavelengths. This includes a 20-year overview of the evolution of the dust around Sakurai's object (to which Olivier made a seminal contribution) and FG Sge. VLTPs may occur during the endpoint of as many as 25% of solar mass stars, and may therefore provide a glimpse of the possible fate of the Sun. C1 [Evans, A.] Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Gehrz, R. D.; Woodward, C. E.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Helton, L. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA SOFIA Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Evans, A (reprint author), Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-1907-2 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2015 VL 71-72 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1051/eas/1571063 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2YK UT WOS:000370302700062 ER PT S AU Laurent, J Goodloe, A Pike, L AF Laurent, Jonathan Goodloe, Alwyn Pike, Lee BE Bartocci, E Majumdar, R TI Assuring the Guardians SO RUNTIME VERIFICATION, RV 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Runtime Verification (RV) CY SEP 22-25, 2015 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO TU Wien ID VERIFICATION; INDUCTION; CHECKING AB Ultra-critical systems are growing more complex, and future systems are likely to be autonomous and cannot be assured by traditional means. Runtime Verification (RV) can act as the last line of defense to protect the public safety, but only if the RV system itself is trusted. In this paper, we describe a model-checking framework for runtime monitors. This tool is integrated into the Copilot language and framework aimed at RV of ultra-critical hard real-time systems. In addition to describing its implementation, we illustrate its application on a number of examples ranging from very simple to the Boyer-Moore majority vote algorithm. C1 [Laurent, Jonathan] Ecole Normale Super, F-75231 Paris, France. [Goodloe, Alwyn] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Pike, Lee] Galois Inc, Portland, OR USA. RP Goodloe, A (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. EM jonathan.laurent@ens.fr; a.goodloe@nasa.gov; leepike@galois.com NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-23820-3; 978-3-319-23819-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9333 BP 87 EP 101 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-23820-3_6 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3EU UT WOS:000370624400006 ER PT S AU Schumann, J Moosbrugger, P Rozier, KY AF Schumann, Johann Moosbrugger, Patrick Rozier, Kristin Y. BE Bartocci, E Majumdar, R TI R2U2: Monitoring and Diagnosis of Security Threats for Unmanned Aerial Systems SO RUNTIME VERIFICATION, RV 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Runtime Verification (RV) CY SEP 22-25, 2015 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO TU Wien ID INTRUSION DETECTION AB We present R2U2, a novel framework for runtime monitoring of security properties and diagnosing of security threats on-board Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). R2U2, implemented in FPGA hardware, is a real-time, Realizable, Responsive, Unobtrusive Unit for security threat detection. R2U2 is designed to continuously monitor inputs from the GPS and the ground control station, sensor readings, actuator outputs, and flight software status. By simultaneously monitoring and performing statistical reasoning, attack patterns and post-attack discrepancies in the UAS behavior can be detected. R2U2 uses runtime observer pairs for linear and metric temporal logics for property monitoring and Bayesian networks for diagnosis of security threats. We discuss the design and implementation that now enables R2U2 to handle security threats and present simulation results of several attack scenarios on the NASA DragonEye UAS. C1 [Schumann, Johann; Moosbrugger, Patrick] NASA Ames, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Rozier, Kristin Y.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Schumann, J (reprint author), NASA Ames, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM Johann.M.Schumann@nasa.gov; Patrick.Moosbrugger@technikum-wien.at; Kristin.Y.Rozier@uc.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-23820-3; 978-3-319-23819-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9333 BP 233 EP 249 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-23820-3_15 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3EU UT WOS:000370624400015 ER PT J AU Hsiao, F Tang, A Kim, Y Drouin, B Chattopadhyay, G Chang, MCF AF Hsiao, F. Tang, A. Kim, Y. Drouin, Brian Chattopadhyay, Goutam Chang, M-C Frank GP IEEE TI A 2.2 GS/s 188mW Spectrometer Processor in 65nm CMOS for supporting Low-Power THz Planetary Instruments SO 2015 IEEE CUSTOM INTEGRATED CIRCUITS CONFERENCE (CICC) SE IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC) CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE AB The paper presents a 2.2 GS/s (1.1 GHz Nyquist bandwidth), 188 mW 512-channel spectrometer processor developed to support of future science observations on NASA planetary missions, where payload size, weight, and power consumption are extremely limited. The presented spectrometer processor chip contains a pair of 7 bit ADC IQ converters coupled with a 512 point PSD processor, and averaging accumulator, allowing it to be sensitive enough to detect trace gases like NH3, HCN, and CO2 when coupled to the appropriate band RF front-end receiver. The bandwidth and resolution of the presented processor make it suitable for exploring the composition of planets, moons and their atmospheres throughout our solar system. C1 [Hsiao, F.; Tang, A.; Kim, Y.; Chang, M-C Frank] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Tang, A.; Drouin, Brian; Chattopadhyay, Goutam] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hsiao, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8682-8 J9 IEEE CUST INTEGR CIR PY 2015 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE2EZ UT WOS:000369107500011 ER PT J AU Romero, LM Platts, SH Schoech, SJ Wada, H Crespi, E Martin, LB Buck, CL AF Romero, L. Michael Platts, Steven H. Schoech, Stephan J. Wada, Haruka Crespi, Erica Martin, Lynn B. Buck, C. Loren TI Understanding stress in the healthy animal - potential paths for progress SO STRESS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE BIOLOGY OF STRESS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Allostasis; homeostasis; reactive scope ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; MATERNAL-CARE; ALLOSTASIS; ECOLOGY; MODEL; ENVIRONMENT; VERTEBRATES; RESPONSES; PATTERNS AB Although stress is usually associated with disease, the physiological and behavioral responses to stressors are critical mechanisms of resilience for healthy organisms. A recent workshop comprised of researchers who study healthy humans and both free-living and captive non-human animals identified a number of key roadblocks that are impeding progress in understanding how stress responses integrate into the normal physiology of an animal. These include the lack of: (1) an unambiguous definition of a stress phenotype; (2) a robust biomarker, or suite of biomarkers, to indicate that phenotype; (3) theoretical and quantitative models to predict how humans and other animals will react to stressors; (4) a comprehensive understanding of how individual variability in stress responses arise and (5) an understanding of the transitions between acute and chronic stress responses. Collectively, these deficiencies impair our ability to both assess the physiological status of individuals and develop procedures and techniques to reverse the effects elicited by chronic stress before they become pathological. Workshop participants also identified a number of potential approaches to facilitate progress on these problems. They include: (1) increased use of mathematical models to provide quantitative predictions; (2) use of network theory to expose emergent properties not predicted from traditional approaches; (3) development and deployment of improved sensor technology that will allow long-term, dynamic, non-invasive, multi-factor measurements of suites of stress mediators and (4) the recruitment of scientists with diverse skill sets, such as engineers, bioinformaticians, etc.; and (5) the training of young scientists in the multidisciplinary study of stress. Incorporating these approaches in new research should reinvigorate the study of stress and stimulate progress in understanding both how healthy humans cope with stressors and how other animals, including free-living animals, cope with stressors in a rapidly changing environment. C1 [Romero, L. Michael] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Platts, Steven H.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Biomed Res & Environm Sci Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Schoech, Stephan J.] Univ Memphis, Dept Biol Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Wada, Haruka] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Crespi, Erica] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Martin, Lynn B.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USA. [Buck, C. Loren] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Romero, LM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM Michael.romero@tufts.edu OI Martin, Lynn/0000-0002-5887-4937 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-3890 EI 1607-8888 J9 STRESS JI Stress PY 2015 VL 18 IS 5 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.3109/10253890.2015.1073255 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA DD4JP UT WOS:000369888600001 PM 26365223 ER PT J AU Lee, J Worden, J Noone, D Chae, JH Frankenberg, C AF Lee, Jeonghoon Worden, John Noone, David Chae, Jung Hyo Frankenberg, Christian TI Isotopic changes due to convective moistening of the lower troposphere associated with variations in the ENSO and IOD from 2005 to 2006 SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENSO; IOD; TES; Water vapour isotope ID INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; WATER ISOTOPES; ICE CORES; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; HISTORY AB We use the tropospheric emission spectrometer measurements of the isotopic composition of water vapour (delta D) in the lower troposphere to examine how changes in the distribution of convection and precipitation control water vapour amount and its isotope over the Indian Ocean. Measurements of the outgoing longwave radiation and vertical velocity from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis and cloud ice water content from the Microwave Limb Sounder show distinct variations in convection due to a phase shift of both El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). These variations in convection are associated with changes in precipitation and water amount over the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) and Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO), depending on the phases of ENSO and/or the IOD. Over the EIO in 2006, induced by the interplay of both positive ENSO and IOD, it is drier and less isotopically depleted due to less frequent and/or weaker deep convective activity and subsequent precipitation compared to 2005. By contrast, over the WIO in 2006, an increase in water vapour and precipitation but little isotopic fractionation in water vapour of clear sky compared to 2005 is likely associated with an increase in both enhanced deep and shallow convection, caused by the positive IOD. Therefore, paleoarchives of water isotopes near Africa will be more difficult to relate to a single process because changes in convective activity result in changes in precipitation but do not have a significant impact on the isotopic composition of the source vapour based on this case analysis. C1 [Lee, Jeonghoon] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Sci Educ, Seoul, South Korea. [Worden, John; Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Noone, David] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chae, Jung Hyo] KIAPS, Seoul, South Korea. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Sci Educ, Seoul, South Korea. EM jeonghoon.d.lee@gmail.com RI Lee, Jeonghoon/E-8116-2010; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Lee, Jeonghoon/0000-0002-1256-4431; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU NASA [07-NEWS07-20]; KOPRI research grant [PE15010]; Basic Research Program through National Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [2014R1A1A2057572] FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Support from NASA funding under 07-NEWS07-20 is gratefully remembered. This work was partially supported by KOPRI research grant (PE15010) and Basic Research Program through the National Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2014R1A1A2057572). NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 EI 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PY 2015 VL 67 AR 26177 DI 10.3402/tellusb.v67.26177 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD4BA UT WOS:000369866200001 ER PT B AU Chayer, P Dupuis, J Kruk, JW AF Chayer, Pierre Dupuis, Jean Kruk, Jeffrey W. BE Dufour, P Bergeron, P Fontaine, G TI Detection of Arsenic in the Atmospheres of Dying Stars SO 19TH EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON WHITE DWARFS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th European Workshop on White Dwarfs CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Univ Montreal, Montreal, CANADA SP Univ Montreal HO Univ Montreal ID HOT WHITE-DWARFS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; RE 0503-289; ABUNDANCE; G191-B2B; EXPLORER; ELEMENTS AB We report the detection of As V resonance lines observed in the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) spectra of three hot DA white dwarfs: G191-B2B, WD 0621-376, and WD 2211-495. The stars have effective temperatures ranging from 60,000 K to 64,000 K and are among the most metal-rich white dwarfs known. We measured the arsenic abundances not only in these stars, but also in three DO stars in which As has been detected before: HD 149499 B, HZ 21, and RE 0503-289. The arsenic abundances observed in the DA stars are very similar. This suggests that radiative levitation may be the mechanism that supports arsenic. The arsenic abundance in HZ 21 is significantly lower than that observed in HD 149499 B, even though the stars have similar atmospheric parameters. An additional mechanism may be at play in the atmospheres of these two DO stars. C1 [Chayer, Pierre] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dupuis, Jean] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. [Kruk, Jeffrey W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Chayer, P (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM chayer@stsci.edu; Jean.Dupuis@asc-csa.gc.ca; jeffrey.w.kruk@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-871-8; 978-1-58381-870-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 493 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2LS UT WOS:000369565800001 ER PT B AU Werner, K Rauch, T Lopez-Urrutia, JRC Kruk, JW Kucas, S Quinet, P AF Werner, K. Rauch, T. Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo Kruk, J. W. Kucas, S. Quinet, P. BE Dufour, P Bergeron, P Fontaine, G TI Trans-iron Elements in the Hot DO-type White Dwarf RE0503-289 and the Prospective Search for Technetium SO 19TH EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON WHITE DWARFS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th European Workshop on White Dwarfs CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Univ Montreal, Montreal, CANADA SP Univ Montreal HO Univ Montreal ID OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; STELLAR LABORATORIES; RE 0503-289; VALIDATION; ABUNDANCE; G191-B2B; VI AB To date, a surprisingly large number of twelve trans-Fe elements were detected in the hot helium-rich WD RE0503-289, a phenomenon that is not observed in any other WD. Abundance analyses for most of these elements are hampered by the lack of atomic data for the relevant ionisation stages (IV-VII). To solve this problem, we perform experimental and theoretical work. C1 [Werner, K.; Rauch, T.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Rauch, T.] Univ Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo] MPI Nucl Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Kruk, J. W.] NASA, GSFC, Bethesda, MD USA. [Kucas, S.] Univ Vilnius, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Quinet, P.] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. RP Werner, K (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM werner@astro.uni-tuebingen.de; rauch@astro.uni-tuebingen.de; crespojr@mpi-hd.mpg.de; jeffrey.w.kruk@nasa.gov; sigitas.kucas@tfai.vu.lt; pascal.quinet@umons.ac.be RI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./F-7069-2011 OI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./0000-0002-2937-8037 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-871-8; 978-1-58381-870-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 493 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2LS UT WOS:000369565800005 ER PT B AU Winget, DE Hermes, JJ Mullally, F Bell, KJ Montgomery, MH Williams, SG Harrold, ST Kepler, SO Castanheira, B Chandler, DW Winget, KI Mukadam, AS Nather, RE AF Winget, D. E. Hermes, J. J. Mullally, Fergal Bell, K. J. Montgomery, M. H. Williams, S. G. Harrold, S. T. Kepler, S. O. Castanheira, B. Chandler, D. W. Winget, K. I. Mukadam, A. S. Nather, R. E. BE Dufour, P Bergeron, P Fontaine, G TI Limits from the Ongoing Search for Planets Around White Dwarf Stars Using Pulsation Timings SO 19TH EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON WHITE DWARFS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th European Workshop on White Dwarfs CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Univ Montreal, Montreal, CANADA SP Univ Montreal HO Univ Montreal AB Evidence from searches of stars in our galaxy for exoplanet companions suggests that most lower main sequence stars likely have one or more planets; the vast majority of these planet-hosting stars will evolve into white dwarf stars. Some planets may survive this process and new ones may form in a sort of second generation from the cast-off material. If we combine this argument with evidence of a substantial population of metal polluted white dwarf stars, we may plausibly expect that planets may be common around white dwarf stars. Empirically, however, little is known about the presence of planets, new or old around white dwarf stars. Our search is small (similar to 15 white dwarf stars), but sensitive. Using pulsation arrival times we reach a large search volume around each star: we are sensitive to 1M(Jupiter) planets at distances ranging from 1 - 100AU. In this context, our tightening constraints from pulsation timings become increasingly important to the broader study of planet formation, dynamical evolution, and ultimate survival. C1 [Winget, D. E.; Bell, K. J.; Montgomery, M. H.; Williams, S. G.; Harrold, S. T.; Castanheira, B.; Chandler, D. W.; Winget, K. I.; Mukadam, A. S.; Nather, R. E.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, 2515 Speedway,Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Winget, D. E.; Bell, K. J.; Montgomery, M. H.; Williams, S. G.; Harrold, S. T.; Castanheira, B.; Chandler, D. W.; Winget, K. I.; Mukadam, A. S.; Nather, R. E.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hermes, J. J.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Mullally, Fergal] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kepler, S. O.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Astron, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Winget, DE (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, 2515 Speedway,Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA.; Winget, DE (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM dew@astro.as.utexas.edu; j.j.hermes@warwick.ac.uk; keatonb@astro.as.utexas.edu; mikemon@astro.as.utexas.edu; kurtis.williams@tamuc.edu; kepler@if.ufrgs.br; barbara@astro.as.utexas.edu; dew@astro.as.utexas.edu; anjum@astro.washington.edu RI Kepler, S. O. /H-5901-2012 OI Kepler, S. O. /0000-0002-7470-5703 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-871-8; 978-1-58381-870-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 493 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2LS UT WOS:000369565800056 ER PT J AU Pirttioja, N Carter, TR Fronzek, S Bindi, M Hoffmann, H Palosuo, T Ruiz-Ramos, M Tao, F Trnka, M Acutis, M Asseng, S Baranowski, P Basso, B Bodin, P Buis, S Cammarano, D Deligios, P Destain, MF Dumont, B Ewert, F Ferrise, R Francois, L Gaiser, T Hlavinka, P Jacquemin, I Kersebaum, KC Kollas, C Krzyszczak, J Lorite, IJ Minet, J Minguez, MI Montesino, M Moriondo, M Muller, C Nendel, C Ouml;zturk, I Perego, A Rodriguez, A Ruane, AC Ruget, F Sanna, M Semenov, MA Slawinski, C Stratonovitch, P Supit, I Waha, K Wang, E Wu, L Zhao, Z Rotter, RP AF Pirttioja, N. Carter, T. R. Fronzek, S. Bindi, M. Hoffmann, H. Palosuo, T. Ruiz-Ramos, M. Tao, F. Trnka, M. Acutis, M. Asseng, S. Baranowski, P. Basso, B. Bodin, P. Buis, S. Cammarano, D. Deligios, P. Destain, M. -F. Dumont, B. Ewert, F. Ferrise, R. Francois, L. Gaiser, T. Hlavinka, P. Jacquemin, I. Kersebaum, K. C. Kollas, C. Krzyszczak, J. Lorite, I. J. Minet, J. Minguez, M. I. Montesino, M. Moriondo, M. Mueller, C. Nendel, C. Ozturk, I. Perego, A. Rodriguez, A. Ruane, A. C. Ruget, F. Sanna, M. Semenov, M. A. Slawinski, C. Stratonovitch, P. Supit, I. Waha, K. Wang, E. Wu, L. Zhao, Z. Roetter, R. P. TI Temperature and precipitation effects on wheat yield across a European transect: a crop model ensemble analysis using impact response surfaces SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate; Crop model; Impact response surface; IRS; Sensitivity analysis; Wheat; Yield ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; UNCERTAINTY; 21ST-CENTURY; PROJECTIONS; SIMULATION; GROWTH; REGION AB This study explored the utility of the impact response surface (IRS) approach for investigating model ensemble crop yield responses under a large range of changes in climate. IRSs of spring and winter wheat Triticum aestivum yields were constructed from a 26-member ensemble of process-based crop simulation models for sites in Finland, Germany and Spain across a latitudinal transect. The sensitivity of modelled yield to systematic increments of changes in temperature (-2 to + 9 degrees C) and precipitation (-50 to + 50%) was tested by modifying values of baseline (1981 to 2010) daily weather, with CO2 concentration fixed at 360 ppm. The IRS approach offers an effective method of portraying model behaviour under changing climate as well as advantages for analysing, comparing and presenting results from multi-model ensemble simulations. Though individual model behaviour occasionally departed markedly from the average, ensemble median responses across sites and crop varieties indicated that yields decline with higher temperatures and decreased precipitation and increase with higher precipitation. Across the uncertainty ranges defined for the IRSs, yields were more sensitive to temperature than precipitation changes at the Finnish site while sensitivities were mixed at the German and Spanish sites. Precipitation effects diminished under higher temperature changes. While the bivariate and multi-model characteristics of the analysis impose some limits to interpretation, the IRS approach nonetheless provides additional insights into sensitivities to inter-model and inter-annual variability. Taken together, these sensitivities may help to pinpoint processes such as heat stress, vernalisation or drought effects requiring refinement in future model development. C1 [Pirttioja, N.] Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Helsinki 00251, Finland. [Bindi, M.; Deligios, P.] Univ Florence, I-50144 Florence, Italy. [Hoffmann, H.; Ewert, F.; Gaiser, T.] Univ Bonn, INRES, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Palosuo, T.; Tao, F.; Roetter, R. P.] Natl Resources Inst Finland Luke, Helsinki 00790, Finland. [Ruiz-Ramos, M.; Minguez, M. I.; Rodriguez, A.] Univ Politecn Madrid, CEIGRAM AgSyst, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Trnka, M.; Hlavinka, P.] Mendel Univ Brno, Inst Agrosyst & Bioclimatol, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. [Trnka, M.; Hlavinka, P.] Global Change Res Ctr AS CR, Vvi, Brno 60300, Czech Republic. [Acutis, M.; Perego, A.; Sanna, M.] Univ Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Asseng, S.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Baranowski, P.; Krzyszczak, J.; Slawinski, C.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Agrophys, PL-20290 Lublin, Poland. [Basso, B.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bodin, P.] Lund Univ, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Buis, S.; Ruget, F.] INRA, EMMAH, UMR 1114, F-84914 Avignon, France. [Cammarano, D.] James Hutton Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Deligios, P.] Univ Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Destain, M. -F.; Dumont, B.; Francois, L.; Jacquemin, I.; Minet, J.] Univ Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Kersebaum, K. C.; Kollas, C.; Nendel, C.] Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res ZALF, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. [Lorite, I. J.] IFAPA Junta Andalucia, Cordoba 14004, Spain. [Montesino, M.] Univ Copenhagen, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark. [Moriondo, M.] CNR IBIMET, I-50145 Florence, Italy. [Mueller, C.; Waha, K.] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Ozturk, I.] Aarhus Univ, Tjele 8830, Denmark. [Ruane, A. C.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ruane, A. C.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Semenov, M. A.; Stratonovitch, P.] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Supit, I.] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Waha, K.] CSIRO Agr, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Wang, E.; Zhao, Z.] CSIRO Agr Flagship, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Wu, L.] Rothamsted Res, North Wyke EX20 2SB, Okehampton, England. [Zhao, Z.] China Agr Univ, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. RP Pirttioja, N (reprint author), Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Helsinki 00251, Finland. EM nina.pirttioja@ymparisto.fi RI Wu, Lianhai/B-1892-2016; Hoffmann, Holger/A-8169-2013; Lorite-Torres, Ignacio/B-8261-2011; Palosuo, Taru/B-9593-2012; Wang, Enli/K-7478-2012; Hlavinka, Petr/G-3661-2014; Zhao, Zhigan/E-8963-2015; Mueller, Christoph/E-4812-2016; Rodriguez, Alfredo/E-9190-2017; OI Moriondo, Marco/0000-0002-8356-7517; Krzyszczak, Jaromir/0000-0002-9235-8119; Fronzek, Stefan/0000-0003-2478-8050; Baranowski, Piotr/0000-0003-0979-177X; Cammarano, Davide/0000-0003-0918-550X; Hoffmann, Holger/0000-0001-9811-5065; Lorite-Torres, Ignacio/0000-0002-0833-9362; Palosuo, Taru/0000-0003-4322-3450; Wang, Enli/0000-0002-6653-5791; Zhao, Zhigan/0000-0003-1533-7215; Mueller, Christoph/0000-0002-9491-3550; Rodriguez, Alfredo/0000-0001-7987-1623; Sanna, Mattia/0000-0001-7262-0856; Kersebaum, Kurt Christian/0000-0002-3679-8427; Stratonovitch, Pierre/0000-0002-5806-2066 FU FACCE JPI; MACSUR; Academy of Finland [140806, 140870]; PLUMES projects [277276, 277403]; European Commission Seventh Framework Programme IMPRESSIONS project [603416]; Italian Ministry of Agriculture (AGROSCENARI Project); Italian Ministry of Research (FIRB) [RBFR12B2K4_004]; German Federal Office for Agriculture and Nutrition; MTT strategic project MODAGS; MULCLIVAR project from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) [CGL2012-38923-C02-02]; Belgium funding agency DGO-3(SPW-Belgium); University of Sassari; Polish National Centre for Research and Development; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [2812ERA115]; German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture [2812ERA115]; Czech National Agency for Agricultural Research [QJ1310123]; KONTAKT project [LD13030] FX This work was conducted in the context of CROPM, the crop modelling component of MACSUR (Modelling European Agriculture with Climate Change for Food Security), a project launched by the Joint Research and Climate Change (FACCE-Rotter et al. 2013, Ewert et al. 2014). The authors acknowledge financial support from the following sources: FACCE JPI, MACSUR, the Academy of Finland for the A-LA-CARTE (decisions: 140806 and 140870) and PLUMES (decisions: 277276 and 277403) projects, the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme IMPRESSIONS project (grant agreement no. 603416), the Italian Ministry of Agriculture (AGROSCENARI Project), the Italian Ministry of Research (FIRB 2012, RBFR12B2K4_004), the German Federal Office for Agriculture and Nutrition, the MTT strategic project MODAGS, the MULCLIVAR project from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) CGL2012-38923-C02-02, the Belgium funding agency DGO-3(SPW-Belgium), University of Sassari, Polish National Centre for Research and Development, the German Federal Ministries of Education and Research, and Food and Agriculture (grant no. 2812ERA115), the Czech National Agency for Agricultural Research (project no. QJ1310123) and KONTAKT project no. LD13030. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 11 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X EI 1616-1572 J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2015 VL 65 SI 31 BP 87 EP 105 DI 10.3354/cr01322 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DC7SO UT WOS:000369420900007 ER PT J AU Karunaratne, AS Walker, S Ruane, AC AF Karunaratne, A. S. Walker, S. Ruane, A. C. TI Modelling Bambara groundnut yield in Southern Africa: towards a climate-resilient future SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bambara groundnut; Southern Africa; Future scenarios; Climate sensitivities ID VIGNA-SUBTERRANEA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CROP MODEL; TEMPERATURE; HEAT; GROWTH; MAIZE; RICE; SCENARIOS; SIMULATE AB Current agriculture depends on a few major species grown as monocultures that are supported by global research underpinning current productivity. However, many hundreds of alternative crops have the potential to meet real world challenges by sustaining humanity, diversifying agricultural systems for food and nutritional security, and especially responding to climate change through their resilience to certain climate conditions. Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), an underutilised African legume, is an exemplar crop for climate resilience. Predicted yield performances of Bambara groundnut by AquaCrop (a crop-water productivity model) were evaluated for baseline (1980-2009) and mid-century climates (2040-2069) under 20 downscaled Global Climate Models (CMIP5-RCP8.5), as well as for climate sensitivities (AgMIP-C3MP) across 3 locations in Southern Africa (Botswana, South Africa, Namibia). Different land races of Bambara groundnut originating from various semi-arid African locations showed diverse yield performances with diverse sensitivities to climate. S19 originating from hot-dry conditions in Namibia has greater future yield potential compared to the Swaziland landrace Uniswa Red-UN across study sites. South Africa has the lowest yield under the current climate, indicating positive future yield trends. Namibia reported the highest baseline yield at optimum current temperatures, indicating less yield potential in future climates. Bambara groundnut shows positive yield potential at temperatures of up to 31 degrees C, with further warming pushing yields down. Thus, many regions in Southern Africa can utilize Bambara groundnut successfully in the coming decades. This modelling exercise supports decisions on genotypic suitability for present and future climates at specific locations. C1 [Karunaratne, A. S.] Sabaragamuwa Univ, Fac Agr Sci, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka. [Karunaratne, A. S.; Walker, S.] Univ Nottingham, CFFRC, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia. [Ruane, A. C.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Karunaratne, AS (reprint author), Sabaragamuwa Univ, Fac Agr Sci, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka. EM asha.karunaratne@cffresearch.org NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X EI 1616-1572 J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2015 VL 65 SI 31 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.3354/cr01300 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DC7SO UT WOS:000369420900013 ER PT B AU Olsen, KAG Blum, RD Smart, B Zaritsky, D Boyer, ML Gordon, KD Massey, P AF Olsen, K. A. G. Blum, R. D. Smart, B. Zaritsky, D. Boyer, M. L. Gordon, K. D. Massey, P. BE Points, S Kunder, A TI A Stellar Heist in the Magellanic Clouds SO FIFTY YEARS OF WIDE FIELD STUDIES IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE: RESOLVED STELLAR POPULATIONS OF THE GALACTIC BULGE AND MAGELLANIC CLOUDS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference celebrating Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 50th anniversary CY MAY 06-09, 2013 CL La Serena, CHILE ID RADIAL-VELOCITY; PROPER MOTION; CARBON STARS; MILKY-WAY; KINEMATICS; GIANTS; DYNAMICS; STREAM; LMC; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present an analysis of the stellar kinematics of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), based on several thousand spectra obtained with Hydra-CTIO of massive red supergiants, oxygen-rich and carbon-rich AGB stars, and other giants. We have used the stellar velocities to measure the rotation curve of the LMC, which we find to have an amplitude of 87 +/- 5 km s(-1), a value that is in agreement with all of the available kinematic tracers. Our data also reveal a population of outliers, comprising similar to 5% of the sample, that have line-of-sight velocities that apparently oppose the sense of rotation of the LMC disk. We show that these outliers likely represent stars that were captured by the LMC from the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The capture of these SMC stars and gas by the LMC may have been the trigger for the intense star formation that we now see in 30 Doradus, the most active star formation complex in the nearby universe, and may explain the detection of LMC microlensing events found by the MACHO and OGLE projects. C1 [Olsen, K. A. G.; Blum, R. D.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Smart, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zaritsky, D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Boyer, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Boyer, M. L.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gordon, K. D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Massey, P.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Olsen, KAG (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. OI Massey, Philip/0000-0001-6563-7828 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-867-1; 978-1-58381-866-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 491 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2LR UT WOS:000369565000033 ER PT B AU Soydugan, F Eker, Z Soydugan, E Bilir, S Gokce, EY Steer, I Tuysuz, M Senyuz, T Demircan, O AF Soydugan, F. Eker, Z. Soydugan, E. Bilir, S. Gokce, E. Y. Steer, I. Tuysuz, M. Senyuz, T. Demircan, O. BE Rucinski, SM Torres, G Zejda, M TI Effective Temperatures of Selected Main-Sequence Stars with the Most Accurate Parameters SO LIVING TOGETHER: PLANETS, HOST STARS, AND BINARIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Living Together: Planets, Host Stars and Binaries CY SEP 08-12, 2014 CL Litomysl, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Sci Org Comm AB In this study we investigate the distributions of the properties of detached double-lined binaries (DBs) in the mass luminosity, mass radius, and mass-effective temperature diagrams. We have improved the classical mass luminosity relation based on the database of DBs by Eker et al. (2014a). Based on the accurate observational data available to us we propose a method for improving the effective temperatures of eclipsing binaries with accurate mass and radius determinations. C1 [Soydugan, F.; Soydugan, E.; Tuysuz, M.; Senyuz, T.] Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Phys, Canakkale, Turkey. [Eker, Z.] Akdeniz Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Space Sci & Technol, TR-07058 Antalya, Turkey. [Bilir, S.; Gokce, E. Y.] Istanbul Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Istanbul, Turkey. [Steer, I.] NASA IPAC Extragalact Database, Pasadena, CA USA. [Demircan, O.] Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Space Sci & Technol, Canakkale, Turkey. RP Soydugan, F (reprint author), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Phys, Canakkale, Turkey. EM fsoydugan@comu.edu.tr; eker@akdeniz.edu.tr; esoydugan@comu.edu.tr; bilir@istanbul.edu.tr; esmayaz@istanbul.edu.tr; ian@colosseum.com; demircan@comu.edu.tr RI eker, Zeki/C-8795-2016; bilir, selcuk/I-8827-2014 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-877-0; 978-1-58381-876-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 496 BP 295 EP 296 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2JW UT WOS:000369467900065 ER PT B AU Davis, DO AF Davis, David O. GP ASME TI CFD VALIDATION EXPERIMENT OF A MACH 2.5 AXISYMMETRIC SHOCK-WAVE/BOUNDARY-LAYER INTERACTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME/KSME JOINT FLUIDS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME-JSME-KSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB Preliminary results of an experimental investigation of a Mach 2.5 two-dimensional axisymmetric shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction (SWBLI) are presented. The purpose of the investigation is to create a SWBLI dataset specifically for CFD validation purposes. Presented herein are the details of the facility and preliminary measurements characterizing the facility and interaction region. These results will serve to define the region of interest where more detailed mean and turbulence measurements will be made. C1 [Davis, David O.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Davis, DO (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5721-2 PY 2015 AR V001T06A001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE2LW UT WOS:000369566100019 ER PT B AU Hah, C Hathaway, M Katz, J Tan, D AF Hah, Chunill Hathaway, Michael Katz, Joseph Tan, David GP ASME TI INVESTIGATION OF UNSTEADY TIP CLEARANCE FLOW IN A LOW-SPEED ONE AND HALF STAGE AXIAL COMPRESSOR WITH LES AND PIV SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME/KSME JOINT FLUIDS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME-JSME-KSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB The primary focus of this paper is to investigate how a rotor's unsteady tip clearance flow structure changes in a low speed one and half stage axial compressor when the rotor tip gap size is increased from 0.5 mm (0.49% of rotor tip blade chord, 2% of blade span) to 2.4 mm (2.34% chord, 4% span) at the design condition are investigated. The changes in unsteady tip clearance flow with the 0.62 % tip gap as the flow rate is reduced to near stall condition are also investigated. A Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is applied to calculate the unsteady flow field at these three flow conditions. Detailed Stereoscopic PIV (SPIV) measurements of the current flow fields were also performed at the Johns Hopkins University in a refractive index-matched test facility which renders the compressor blades and casing optically transparent. With this setup, the unsteady velocity field in the entire flow domain, including the flow inside the tip gap, can be measured. Unsteady tip clearance flow fields from LES are compared with the PIV measurements and both LES and PIV results are used to study changes in tip clearance flow structures. The current study shows that the tip clearance vortex is not a single structure as traditionally perceived. The tip clearance vortex is formed by multiple interlaced vorticities. Therefore, the tip clearance vortex is inherently unsteady. The multiple interlaced vortices never roll up to form a single structure. When phased-averaged, the tip clearance vortex appears as a single structure. When flow rate is reduced with the same tip gap, the tip clearance vortex rolls further upstream and the tip clearance vortex moves further radially inward and away from the suction side of the blade. When the tip gap size is increased at the design flow condition, the overall tip clearance vortex becomes stronger and it stays closer to the blade suction side and the vortex core extends all the way to the exit of the blade passage. Measured and calculated unsteady flow fields inside the tip gap agree fairly well. Instantaneous velocity vectors inside the tip gap from both the PIV and LES do show flow separation and reattachment at the entrance of tip gap as some earlier studies suggested. This area at the entrance of tip gap flow (the pressure side of the blade) is confined very close to the rotor tip section. With a small tip gap (0.5mm), the gap flow looks like a simple two-dimensional channel, flow with larger velocity near the casing for both flow rates. A small area with a sharp velocity gradient is observed just above the rotor tip. This strong shear layer is turned radially inward when it collides with the incoming flow and forms the core structure of the tip clearance vortex. When tip gap size is increased to 2.4 mm at the design operation, the radial profile of the tip gap flow changes drastically. With the large tip gap, the gap flow looks like a two-dimensional channel flow only near the casing. Near the rotor top section, a bigger region with very large shear and reversed flow is observed. C1 [Hah, Chunill; Hathaway, Michael] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Katz, Joseph; Tan, David] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hah, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5721-2 PY 2015 AR V001T02A002 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE2LW UT WOS:000369566100004 ER PT B AU Lindberg, JE Jorgensen, JK Brinch, C Haughbolle, T Bergin, EA Harsono, D Persson, MV Visser, R Yamamoto, S AF Lindberg, Johan E. Jorgensen, Jes K. Brinch, Christian Haughbolle, Troels Bergin, Edwin A. Harsono, Daniel Persson, Magnus V. Visser, Ruud Yamamoto, Satoshi BE Iono, D Tatematsu, K Wootten, A Testi, L TI ALMA Observations of a Young Disc in Corona Australis SO REVOLUTION IN ASTRONOMY WITH ALMA: THE THIRD YEAR SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th ALMA Science Conference on Revolution in Astronomy with ALMA: The Third Year CY DEC 08-11, 2014 CL Tokyo Int Forum, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Tokyo Int Forum ID CARBON-CHAIN-CHEMISTRY; HOT CORE AB We present high-resolution ALMA observations towards the deeply embedded young stellar object IRS7B. This protostar is heavily affected by external irradiation from the nearby Herbig Be star R CrA. We identify a young Keplerian disc around IRS7B, and find that the inner envelope shows only faint CH3OH line emission. This can either be explained by the irradiation history of the source, which may affect the chemistry in the region, or it is a result of the very young protoplanetary disc. C1 [Lindberg, Johan E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrchem Lab, Code 691,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lindberg, Johan E.; Jorgensen, Jes K.; Brinch, Christian; Haughbolle, Troels] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Star & Planet Format, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Lindberg, Johan E.; Jorgensen, Jes K.; Brinch, Christian; Haughbolle, Troels] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Bergin, Edwin A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Harsono, Daniel; Persson, Magnus V.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Harsono, Daniel] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Visser, Ruud] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Yamamoto, Satoshi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Lindberg, JE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrchem Lab, Code 691,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM johan.lindberg@nasa.gov OI Persson, Magnus Vilhelm/0000-0002-1100-5734 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-883-1; 978-1-58381-882-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 499 BP 217 EP 218 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2JX UT WOS:000369469500072 ER PT B AU Cordiner, MA Nixon, CA Palmer, MY Charnley, SB Serigano, J Mumma, MJ Milam, SN Teanby, NA Irwin, PGJ Kisiel, Z Remijan, AJ Kuan, YJ Chuang, YL Lis, DC AF Cordiner, M. A. Nixon, C. A. Palmer, M. Y. Charnley, S. B. Serigano, J. Mumma, M. J. Milam, S. N. Teanby, N. A. Irwin, P. G. J. Kisiel, Z. Remijan, A. J. Kuan, Y. -J. Chuang, Y. -L. Lis, D. C. BE Iono, D Tatematsu, K Wootten, A Testi, L TI Titan's Complex Atmospheric Chemistry Revealed by ALMA SO REVOLUTION IN ASTRONOMY WITH ALMA: THE THIRD YEAR SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th ALMA Science Conference on Revolution in Astronomy with ALMA: The Third Year CY DEC 08-11, 2014 CL Tokyo Int Forum, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Tokyo Int Forum AB We present spatially-resolved maps of emission from C2H5CN, HNC and HC3N in Titan's atmosphere, observed using the Atacama Large Millimeter/ submillimeter Array (ALMA) in 2012-2013. These data show previously-undetected spatial structures for the observed molecules and provide the first spectroscopic detection of C2H5CN on Titan. Our maps show spatially-resolved peaks in Titan's northern and southern hemispheres, consistent with photochemical production and transport in the upper atmosphere followed by subsidence over the poles. The HNC emission peaks are asymmetric with respect to the polar axis, indicating that Titan's mesosphere may be more longitudinally variable than previously thought. C1 [Cordiner, M. A.; Nixon, C. A.; Palmer, M. Y.; Charnley, S. B.; Serigano, J.; Mumma, M. J.; Milam, S. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Teanby, N. A.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Irwin, P. G. J.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Kisiel, Z.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Remijan, A. J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Kuan, Y. -J.; Chuang, Y. -L.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Taipei 116, Taiwan. [Lis, D. C.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,UMR 8112,LERMA, Paris, France. RP Cordiner, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM martin.cordiner@nasa.gov RI Nixon, Conor/A-8531-2009; Kisiel, Zbigniew/K-8798-2016 OI Nixon, Conor/0000-0001-9540-9121; Kisiel, Zbigniew/0000-0002-2570-3154 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-883-1; 978-1-58381-882-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 499 BP 303 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2JX UT WOS:000369469500104 ER PT B AU Chuang, YL Kuan, YJ Cordiner, MA Charnley, SB AF Chuang, Yo-Ling Kuan, Yi-Jehng Cordiner, Martin A. Charnley, Steven B. BE Iono, D Tatematsu, K Wootten, A Testi, L TI Organic Molecules in Comet C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) SO REVOLUTION IN ASTRONOMY WITH ALMA: THE THIRD YEAR SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th ALMA Science Conference on Revolution in Astronomy with ALMA: The Third Year CY DEC 08-11, 2014 CL Tokyo Int Forum, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Tokyo Int Forum AB Results obtained from ALMA observations of Comet C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) are presented. The 265-GHz continuum peak is uncovered to be offset spatially from spectral peaks, probably due to contamination from dust-tail emission. An isovelocity pattern typical to a rotating solid-body plane is apparent in the moment-1 HCN map. HNCO, cyclopropenylidene and vinyl cyanide are tentatively detected. The spatial distribution of HNCO appears to be localized and inhomogeneous in the cometary nucleus if HNCO is a primary species. Methanol gas is not only concentrated on the cometary nucleus but also extended to the north. c-C3H2 is likely associated with the cometary nucleus and C2H3CN, with the dust tail. The mighty ALMA certainly turns every ordinary comet into a Hale-Bopp, the brightest comet of the 20th century. C1 [Chuang, Yo-Ling; Kuan, Yi-Jehng] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 116, Taiwan. [Cordiner, Martin A.; Charnley, Steven B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chuang, YL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 116, Taiwan. EM ylchuang@std.ntnu.edu.tw NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-883-1; 978-1-58381-882-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 499 BP 305 EP 306 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2JX UT WOS:000369469500105 ER PT B AU Charnley, SB Cordiner, MA Remijan, AJ Boissier, J Milam, SN Mumma, MJ Villanueva, G Paganini, L Bockelee-Morvan, D Biver, N Kuan, YJ Chuang, YL Lis, DC Crovisier, J Coulson, I Minniti, D AF Charnley, S. B. Cordiner, M. A. Remijan, A. J. Boissier, J. Milam, S. N. Mumma, M. J. Villanueva, G. Paganini, L. Bockelee-Morvan, D. Biver, N. Kuan, Y. -J. Chuang, Y. -L. Lis, D. C. Crovisier, J. Coulson, I. Minniti, D. BE Iono, D Tatematsu, K Wootten, A Testi, L TI Measuring the Distribution and Excitation of Cometary Volatiles Using ALMA SO REVOLUTION IN ASTRONOMY WITH ALMA: THE THIRD YEAR SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th ALMA Science Conference on Revolution in Astronomy with ALMA: The Third Year CY DEC 08-11, 2014 CL Tokyo Int Forum, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Tokyo Int Forum AB We present measurements of spatially and spectrally resolved CH3OH emission from the coma of comet C/2012 K1 (PanSTARRS) observed using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in June 2014. The CH3OH distribution is centrally peaked, with a spatial profile consistent with production from the sublimation of ices from the nucleus. From the detection of seven strong CH3OH lines in the J = 7 - 6 band, the line-of-sight average rotational excitation temperature (Trot) is derived as a function of distance across the coma. At the CH3OH peak, we find T-rot = 92 +/- 6 K, falling to about 40 K at a distance of 1000 km. C1 [Charnley, S. B.; Cordiner, M. A.; Milam, S. N.; Mumma, M. J.; Villanueva, G.; Paganini, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Remijan, A. J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Boissier, J.] IRAM, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Bockelee-Morvan, D.; Biver, N.; Crovisier, J.] Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, LESIA,Observ Paris, Meudon, France. [Kuan, Y. -J.; Chuang, Y. -L.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Taipei 116, Taiwan. [Lis, D. C.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,UMR 8112,LERMA, Paris, France. [Coulson, I.] Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Minniti, D.] Pontifica Univ Catolic Chile, Santigo, Chile. RP Charnley, SB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM martin.cordiner@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-883-1; 978-1-58381-882-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 499 BP 307 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2JX UT WOS:000369469500106 ER PT B AU Matsuura, M Indebetouw, R Kamenetzky, J McCray, R Zanardo, G Barlow, MJ Dwek, E AF Matsuura, Mikako Indebetouw, Remy Kamenetzky, Julia McCray, Richard Zanardo, Giovanna Barlow, M. J. Dwek, Eli BE Iono, D Tatematsu, K Wootten, A Testi, L TI ALMA Observations of Supernova 1987A SO REVOLUTION IN ASTRONOMY WITH ALMA: THE THIRD YEAR SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th ALMA Science Conference on Revolution in Astronomy with ALMA: The Third Year CY DEC 08-11, 2014 CL Tokyo Int Forum, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Tokyo Int Forum ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; DUST; SN-1987A; GALAXIES; UNIVERSE; REMNANT; EJECTA AB The explosion of Supernova (SN) 1987A was detected in the Large Magellanic Cloud, only 50 kpc away from the Solar system. This was the nearest SN explosion detected in 400 years. Due to its close distance, SN 1987A has enabled us to investigate the evolution of supernovae in unprecedented detail. With its superb sensitivity and angular resolutions at submillimeter and millimetre wavelengths, ALMA is discovering new aspects of Supernova 1987A. The ALMA high angular resolution images showed thermal emission from cold dust thermal confined in the SN ejecta, proving that SN can form nearly a solar mass of dust from its newly synthesised elements. The ALMA helps our understanding of dust formation in SNe, and further helps answering the question whether SN dust can be an important source of dust in galaxies or not. ALMA also discovered unexpectedly strong CO and SiO rotational lines in SN 1987A. These detections provide a key to understand molecular chemistry in SNe in the time scale of 20 years. Further, the ALMA covers the low frequency range of the synchrotron radiation arising from SN 1987A. The comparison of 213 and 345 GHz images taken from ALMA at with 44-108 GHz ATCA images showed that the spectral power indices of the synchrotron radiation varies within the SN. This suggests the presence of a range of strengths in shock interactions within the system. C1 [Matsuura, Mikako; Barlow, M. J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Matsuura, Mikako] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Indebetouw, Remy] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Indebetouw, Remy] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Kamenetzky, Julia; McCray, Richard] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kamenetzky, Julia] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zanardo, Giovanna] Univ Western Australia, ICRAR, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Dwek, Eli] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Matsuura, M (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM mikako@star.ucl.ac.uk NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-883-1; 978-1-58381-882-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 499 BP 323 EP 326 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2JX UT WOS:000369469500109 ER PT B AU Sahai, R Vlemmings, W Nyman, L AF Sahai, R. Vlemmings, W. Nyman, L. BE Iono, D Tatematsu, K Wootten, A Testi, L TI The Coldest Object in the Universe: Probing the Mass Distribution of the Ultra-Cold Outflow and Dusty Disk in the Boomerang Nebula SO REVOLUTION IN ASTRONOMY WITH ALMA: THE THIRD YEAR SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th ALMA Science Conference on Revolution in Astronomy with ALMA: The Third Year CY DEC 08-11, 2014 CL Tokyo Int Forum, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Tokyo Int Forum ID MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; STARS AB Our Cycle 0 ALMA observations confirmed that the Boomerang Nebula is the coldest known object in the Universe, with a massive high-speed outflow that has cooled significantly below the temperature of the cosmic background (CMB). The Boomerang's prodigious mass-loss rate (0.001M(circle dot) yr(-1)) and low-luminosity (300L(circle dot)) make it a key object for understanding the remarkable transition of the circumstellar envelopes of AGB stars into bipolar planetary nebulae. We have obtained new ACA CO 1-0 data that recover much of the flux lost in the Cycle 0 data, and reveal heretofore unseen distant regions of the ultra-cold outflow reheated to temperatures above the CMB. Our CO J=3-2 data reveal the precise, highly collimated shape of an inner bipolar structure and its dense central waist, with unprecedented angular resolution (0.4 ''). The waist shows a core-halo structure in the thermal dust emission at 0.88 mm, and its derived flux at this wavelength, compared with the 3.3, 2.6, and 1.3 mm fluxes support the presence of about 5 x 10(-4) M(circle dot)of very large (similar to mm-sized), cold (similar to 30K) grains. We also find the unexpected presence of weak SO emission, possibly resulting from the release of S from grains due to high-speed shocks. C1 [Sahai, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Vlemmings, W.] Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Nyman, L.] JAO, Santiago, Chile. [Nyman, L.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Sahai, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sahai@jpl.nasa.gov; vlemmings@chalmers.se; lnyman@alma.cl OI /0000-0002-2700-9916 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-883-1; 978-1-58381-882-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 499 BP 327 EP 330 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2JX UT WOS:000369469500110 ER PT J AU Nechad, B Ruddick, K Schroeder, T Oubelkheir, K Blondeau-Patissier, D Cherukuru, N Brando, V Dekker, A Clementson, L Banks, AC Maritorena, S Werdell, PJ Sa, C Brotas, V de Frutos, IC Ahn, YH Salama, S Tilstone, G Martinez-Vicente, V Foley, D McKibben, M Nahorniak, J Peterson, T Silio-Calzada, A Rottgers, R Lee, Z Peters, M Brockmann, C AF Nechad, B. Ruddick, K. Schroeder, T. Oubelkheir, K. Blondeau-Patissier, D. Cherukuru, N. Brando, V. Dekker, A. Clementson, L. Banks, A. C. Maritorena, S. Werdell, P. J. Sa, C. Brotas, V. Caballero de Frutos, I. Ahn, Y-H Salama, S. Tilstone, G. Martinez-Vicente, V. Foley, D. McKibben, M. Nahorniak, J. Peterson, T. Silio-Calzada, A. Roettgers, R. Lee, Z. Peters, M. Brockmann, C. TI CoastColour Round Robin data sets: a database to evaluate the performance of algorithms for the retrieval of water quality parameters in coastal waters SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; WESTERN ENGLISH-CHANNEL; OCEAN COLOR ALGORITHM; BARRIER-REEF LAGOON; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PARTICULATE MATTER; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; SOUTHERN BENGUELA; LIGHT-SCATTERING AB The use of in situ measurements is essential in the validation and evaluation of the algorithms that provide coastal water quality data products from ocean colour satellite remote sensing. Over the past decade, various types of ocean colour algorithms have been developed to deal with the optical complexity of coastal waters. Yet there is a lack of a comprehensive intercomparison due to the availability of quality checked in situ databases. The CoastColour Round Robin (CCRR) project, funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), was designed to bring together three reference data sets using these to test algorithms and to assess their accuracy for retrieving water quality parameters. This paper provides a detailed description of these reference data sets, which include the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) level 2 match-ups, in situ reflectance measurements, and synthetic data generated by a radiative transfer model (HydroLight). These data sets, representing mainly coastal waters, are available from doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.841950. The data sets mainly consist of 6484 marine reflectance (either multispectral or hyperspectral) associated with various geometrical (sensor viewing and solar angles) and sky conditions and water constituents: total suspended matter (TSM) and chlorophyll a (CHL) concentrations, and the absorption of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Inherent optical properties are also provided in the simulated data sets (5000 simulations) and from 3054 match-up locations. The distributions of reflectance at selected MERIS bands and band ratios, CHL and TSM as a function of reflectance, from the three data sets are compared. Match-up and in situ sites where deviations occur are identified. The distributions of the three reflectance data sets are also compared to the simulated and in situ reflectances used previously by the International Ocean Colour Coordinating Group (IOCCG, 2006) for algorithm testing, showing a clear extension of the CCRR data which covers more turbid waters. C1 [Nechad, B.; Ruddick, K.] RBINS, ODNE, 100 Gulledelle, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Schroeder, T.; Oubelkheir, K.] CSIRO, Environm Earth Observat Program, Land & Water, Brisbane, Qld 2001, Australia. [Blondeau-Patissier, D.] Charles Darwin Univ, Darwin, NT 0815, Australia. [Cherukuru, N.; Brando, V.; Dekker, A.; Clementson, L.] CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Banks, A. C.] HCMR, Inst Oceanog, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Maritorena, S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, ERI, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Werdell, P. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sa, C.; Brotas, V.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr MARE, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Caballero de Frutos, I.] Inst Marine Sci Andalucia ICMAN CSIC, Puerto Real 11519, Spain. [Ahn, Y-H] KORDI, Ansan 425600, South Korea. [Salama, S.] Univ Twente, Dept Water Resource, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands. [Tilstone, G.; Martinez-Vicente, V.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Foley, D.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [McKibben, M.; Nahorniak, J.] Oregon State Univ, CEOAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, T.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Peterson, T.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Inst Environm Hlth, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Silio-Calzada, A.] Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst, Cantabria, Spain. [Roettgers, R.] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Ctr Mat & Coastal Res, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Lee, Z.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Peters, M.; Brockmann, C.] Brockmann Consult, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Banks, A. C.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Va, Italy. RP Nechad, B (reprint author), RBINS, ODNE, 100 Gulledelle, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. EM bnechad@naturalsciences.be RI Brando, Vittorio/A-1321-2008; Sa, Carolina/C-2268-2012; Cherukuru, Raghu Chandra Nagur/B-3563-2012; Dekker, Arnold/G-8863-2011; Salama, Mhd. Suhyb/D-4173-2009; OI Brando, Vittorio/0000-0002-2193-5695; Sa, Carolina/0000-0001-8252-4593; Salama, Mhd. Suhyb/0000-0002-6670-6853; Martinez-Vicente, Victor/0000-0003-3492-583X; Tilstone, Gavin/0000-0002-9347-1682 FU European Space Agency; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship; Australian Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS); Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, DAFF FX This work is part of the CoastColour project, funded by the European Space Agency. The CSIRO measurements were funded by the CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship and the Australian Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS). We warmly thank the in situ data providers:; - Stewart Bernard, Hayley Evers-King, Mark Mattews, and Lisl Robertson for processing the CSIR data set over the Benguela region, with the support of the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, DAFF. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 319 EP 348 DI 10.5194/essd-7-319-2015 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB6NQ UT WOS:000368632100015 ER PT S AU Demko, JA Fesmire, JE Dookie, J Bickley, J Kraft, S AF Demko, J. A. Fesmire, J. E. Dookie, J. Bickley, J. Kraft, S. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Comparison tests of cellular glass insulation for the development of cryogenic insulation standards SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB Standards for thermal insulation used in applications between ambient and low temperatures, below 100 K, require test data under relevant conditions and by different laboratories to develop data sets for the proper comparisons of materials. This critically important technology is needed to provide reliable data and methodologies for industrial energy efficiency and energy conservation. Under ASTM International's Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation, two standards have been issued on cryogenic thermal insulation systems. Thermal conductivity data sets have been taken using identical flat-plate boiloff calorimeter instruments independently operated at the Cryogenics Test Laboratory of NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and the Thermal Energy Laboratory of LeTourneau University (LETU). Precision specimens of cellular glass insulation were produced for both laboratories to provide the necessary comparisons to validate the thermal measurements and test methodologies. Additional specimens of commercial cellular glass pipe insulation were tested at LETU to compare with the flat plate results. The test data are discussed in relation to the experimental approach, test methods, and manner of reporting the thermal performance data. This initial Inter-Laboratory Study (ILS) of insulation materials for sub-ambient temperature applications provides a foundation for further ILS work to produce standard data sets for several key commercial materials. C1 [Demko, J. A.; Dookie, J.; Bickley, J.; Kraft, S.] LeTourneau Univ, 2100 South Mobberly Ave, Longview, TX 75607 USA. [Fesmire, J. E.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, NE F6, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), LeTourneau Univ, 2100 South Mobberly Ave, Longview, TX 75607 USA. EM jonathandemko@letu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012016 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012016 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700016 ER PT S AU DiPirro, M Canavan, E Tuttle, J Havey, K Huguet, J Ousley, W Shirron, P Hait, T AF DiPirro, Michael Canavan, Edgar Tuttle, James Havey, Keith Huguet, Jesse Ousley, Wes Shirron, Peter Hait, Thomas BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Using In-situ Cryogenic Radiometers to Measure the Performance of a Large Thermal Vacuum Chamber SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The James Webb Space Telescope will operate in space at temperatures lower than 50 K. To test the major parts of the telescope and instruments on the ground requires a very large thermal vacuum chamber with a helium-cooled shroud operating below 20 K. This chamber and shroud are being subjected to a series of 4 preliminary tests to characterize the chamber and the ground support equipment before the telescope and instruments are tested. We have made measurements in the first of these preliminary tests using simple radiometers, which are located in the chamber and are pointed at various locations and items of interest within the chamber. The radiometers, which have been previously described[ 1], consist of a Cernox thermometer attached to an absorber suspended behind a Winston cone with an acceptance half-angle of 11 degrees. 9 of these radiometers were anchored to the chamber at temperatures between 17 and 25 K and were able to resolve 2 mW over an area of one m(2). This level of sensitivity corresponds to a 60 K blackbody, which spans the radiometer field of view, changing in temperature by 0.04 K. The results of this test and plans for future tests will be described. C1 [DiPirro, Michael; Canavan, Edgar; Tuttle, James; Shirron, Peter; Hait, Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 552, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Havey, Keith; Huguet, Jesse] Exelis Corp, Rochester, NY USA. [Ousley, Wes] Genesis Engn, Lanham, MD USA. RP DiPirro, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 552, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mike.dipirro@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012129 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012129 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700129 ER PT S AU Fesmire, JE Johnson, WL Kelly, AO Meneghelli, BJ Swanger, AM AF Fesmire, J. E. Johnson, W. L. Kelly, A. O. Meneghelli, B. J. Swanger, A. M. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Flat-plate boiloff calorimeters for testing of thermal insulation systems SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB Cryostats have been developed and standardized for laboratory testing of thermal insulation systems in a flat-plate configuration. Boiloff calorimetry is the measurement principle for determining the effective thermal conductivity (k(e)) and heat flux (q) of test specimens under a wide range of actual conditions. Cryostat-500 is thermally guarded to measure absolute thermal performance when calibrated with a known reference via an adjustable-edge guard ring. With liquid nitrogen as the energy meter, the cold boundary temperature can be adjusted to any temperature between 77 K and approximately 300 K by the interposition of a thermal resistance layer between the cold mass and the specimen. A low thermal conductivity suspension system has compliance rods that adjust for specimen thickness and compression force. Material type, thickness, density, flatness, compliance, outgassing, and temperature sensor placement are important test considerations, and edge effects and calibration techniques for the apparatus are crucial. Over the full vacuum pressure range, the thermal performance capability is nearly four orders of magnitude. The horizontal configuration provides key advantages over the vertical cylindrical cryostats for testing at ambient pressure conditions. Cryostat-500's design and test methods, other flat-plate boiloff calorimeters, and results for select thermal insulation materials (composites, foams, aerogels) are discussed. C1 [Fesmire, J. E.; Kelly, A. O.; Swanger, A. M.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, UB R1, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Johnson, W. L.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cryogen & Fluids Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Meneghelli, B. J.] Vencore ESC, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Fesmire, JE (reprint author), NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, UB R1, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM james.e.fesmire@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012057 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012057 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700057 ER PT S AU Fesmire, JE Johnson, WL Meneghelli, BJ Coffman, BE AF Fesmire, J. E. Johnson, W. L. Meneghelli, B. J. Coffman, B. E. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Cylindrical boiloff calorimeters for testing of thermal insulation systems SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB Cryostats have been developed and standardized for laboratory testing of thermal insulation systems in a cylindrical configuration. Boiloff calorimetry is the measurement principle for determining the effective thermal conductivity (k(e)) and heat flux (q) of a test specimen at a fixed environmental condition (boundary temperatures, cold vacuum pressure, and residual gas composition). Through its heat of vaporization, liquid nitrogen serves as the energy meter, but the design is adaptable for various cryogens. The main instrument, Cryostat-100, is thermally guarded and directly measures absolute thermal performance. A cold mass assembly and all fluid and instrumentation feedthroughs are suspended from a lid of the vacuum canister; and a custom lifting mechanism allows the assembly and specimen to be manipulated easily. Each of three chambers is filled and vented through a single feedthrough for minimum overall heat leakage. The cold mass design precludes direct, solid-conduction heat transfer (other than through the vessel's outer wall itself) from one liquid volume to another, which is critical for achieving very low heat measurements. The cryostat system design details and test methods are discussed, as well as results for select thermal insulation materials. Additional cylindrical boiloff calorimeters and progress toward a liquid hydrogen apparatus are also discussed. C1 [Fesmire, J. E.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, UB R1, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Johnson, W. L.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cryogen & Fluids, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Meneghelli, B. J.] Vencore ESC, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Coffman, B. E.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Fesmire, JE (reprint author), NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, UB R1, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM james.e.fesmire@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012056 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012056 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700056 ER PT S AU Hedayat, A Mazurkivich, PV Nelson, MA Majumdar, AK AF Hedayat, A. Mazurkivich, P. V. Nelson, M. A. Majumdar, A. K. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Testing and analytical modelling for the purging process of a cryogenic line SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB To gain confidence in developing analytical models of the purging process for the cryogenic main propulsion systems of the upper stage, two test series were conducted. The test article, 3.35 m long with a 20-cm-diameter incline line, was filled with liquid or gaseous hydrogen and then purged with gaseous helium (GHe). A total of 10 tests were conducted. The influences of GHe flow rates and initial temperatures were evaluated. The Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP), an in-house general purpose fluid system analyzer computer program, was utilized to model and simulate selective tests. The test procedures, modelling descriptions, and the results are presented in the accompanying text. C1 [Hedayat, A.; Mazurkivich, P. V.; Nelson, M. A.; Majumdar, A. K.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Prop Syst Dept, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hedayat, A (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Prop Syst Dept, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM ali.hedayat-1@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012116 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012116 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700116 ER PT S AU Johnson, WL Frank, DJ Nast, TC Fesmire, JE AF Johnson, W. L. Frank, D. J. Nast, T. C. Fesmire, J. E. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Thermal Performance Testing of Cryogenic Multilayer Insulation with Silk Net Spacers SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB Early comprehensive testing of cryogenic multilayer insulation focused on the use of silk netting as a spacer material. Silk netting was used for multiple test campaigns that were designed to provide baseline thermal performance estimates for cryogenic insulation systems. As more focus was put on larger systems, the cost of silk netting became a deterrent and most aerospace insulation firms were using Dacron (or polyester) netting spacers by the early 1970s. In the midst of the switch away from silk netting there was no attempt to understand the difference between silk and polyester netting, though it was widely believed that the silk netting provided slightly better performance. Without any better reference for thermal performance data, the silk netting performance correlations continued to be used. In order to attempt to quantify the difference between the silk netting and polyester netting, a brief test program was developed. The silk netting material was obtained from Lockheed Martin and was tested on the Cryostat-100 instrument in three different configurations, 20 layers with both single and double netting and 10 layers with single netting only. The data show agreement within 15 -30 % with the historical silk netting based correlations and show a substantial performance improvement when compared to previous testing performed using polyester netting and aluminum foil/fiberglass paper multilayer insulation. Additionally, the data further reinforce a recently observed trend that the heat flux is not directly proportional to the number of layers installed on a system. C1 [Johnson, W. L.] Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Frank, D. J.; Nast, T. C.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Fesmire, J. E.] Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Wesley.L.Johnson@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012018 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012018 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700018 ER PT S AU Johnson, WL Fesmire, JE Heckle, KW AF Johnson, W. L. Fesmire, J. E. Heckle, K. W. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Demonstration of Hybrid Multilayer Insulation for Fixed Thickness Applications SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB Cryogenic multilayer insulation (MLI) systems provide both conductive and radiative thermal insulation performance. The use of radiation shields with low conductivity spacers in between are required. By varying the distance and types of the spacers between the radiation shields, the relative radiation and conduction heat transfers can be manipulated. However, in most systems, there is a fixed thickness or volume allocated to the insulation. To understand how various combinations of different multilayer insulation (MLI) systems work together and to further validate thermal models of hybrid MLI systems, test data are needed. The MLI systems include combinations of Load-Bearing MLI (LB-MLI) and traditional MLI (tMLI). To further simulate the space launch vehicle case wherein both ambient pressure and vacuum environments are addressed, different cold-side thermal insulation substrates were included for select tests. The basic hybrid construction consists of some number of layers of LB-MLI on the cold side of the insulation system followed by layers of tMLI on the warm side of the system. The advantages of LB-MLI on the cold side of the insulation blanket are that its low layer density (0.5 - 0.6 layer/mm) is better suited for lower temperature applications and is a structural component to support heat interception shields that may be placed within the blanket. The advantage of tMLI systems on the warm side is that radiation is more dominant than conduction at warmer temperatures, so that a higher layer density is desired (2 - 3 layer/mm) and less effort need be put into minimizing conduction heat transfer. Liquid nitrogen boiloff test data using a cylindrical calorimeter are presented along with analysis for spacecraft tank applications. C1 [Johnson, W. L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Fesmire, J. E.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, Explorat Res & Technol, UB R1, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Heckle, K. W.] Team ESC Sierra Lobo, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Wesley.L.Johnson@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR UNSP 012015 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012015 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700015 ER PT S AU Kashani, A Luchinskiy, DG Ponizovskaya-Devine, E Khasin, M Timucin, D Sass, J Perotti, J Brown, B AF Kashani, Ali Luchinskiy, Dmitry G. Ponizovskaya-Devine, Ekaterina Khasin, Michael Timucin, Dogan Sass, Jared Perotti, Jose Brown, Barbara BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Optimization of cryogenic chilldown and loading operation using SINDA/FLUINT SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson ID FLOW AB A cryogenic advanced propellant loading system is currently being developed at NASA. A wide range of applications and variety of loading regimes call for the development of computer assisted design and optimization methods that will reduce time and cost and improve the reliability of the APL performance. A key aspect of development of such methods is modeling and optimization of non-equilibrium two-phase cryogenic flow in the transfer line. Here we report on the development of such optimization methods using commercial SINDA/FLUINT software. The model is based on the solution of two-phase flow conservation equations in one dimension and a full set of correlations for flow patterns, losses, and heat transfer in the pipes, valves, and other system components. We validate this model using experimental data obtained from chilldown and loading of a cryogenic testbed at NASA Kennedy Space Center. We analyze sensitivity of this model with respect to the variation of the key control parameters including pressure in the tanks, openings of the control and dump valves, and insulation. We discuss the formulation of multi-objective optimization problem and provide an example of the solution of such problem. C1 [Kashani, Ali] MEI Co, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Luchinskiy, Dmitry G.] Mission Crit Technol Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Ponizovskaya-Devine, Ekaterina; Khasin, Michael] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Timucin, Dogan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sass, Jared; Perotti, Jose; Brown, Barbara] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Kashani, A (reprint author), MEI Co, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ali.kashani@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012115 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012115 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700115 ER PT S AU Kimball, MO Shirron, PJ James, BL Muench, TT Sampson, MA Letmate, RV AF Kimball, Mark O. Shirron, Peter J. James, Bryan L. Muench, Theodore T. Sampson, Michael A. Letmate, Richard V. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Low-power, fast-response active gas-gap heat switches for low temperature applications SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB Heat switches are critical to many low temperature applications, where control of heat flow and selective thermal isolation are required. Their designs tend to be driven by the need for the lowest possible off-state conductance, while meeting requirements for on-state conduction. As a result, heat switches tend to be designed as close as possible to the limits of material strength and machinability, using materials that have the lowest thermal conductivity to strength ratio. In addition, switching speed is important for many applications, and many designs and switch types require a compromise between the power used for actuation and on/off transition times. We present a design for an active gas-gap heat switch, developed for the Soft X-ray Spectrometer instrument on the Japanese Astro-H mission, that requires less than 0.5 mW of power to operate, has on/off transition times of < 1 minute, and that achieves a conductance of > 50 mW/K at 1 K with a heat leak of < 0.5 mu W from 1 K to very low temperature. Details of the design and performance will be presented. C1 [Kimball, Mark O.; Shirron, Peter J.; James, Bryan L.; Muench, Theodore T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sampson, Michael A.] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Letmate, Richard V.] Bast Technol, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Kimball, MO (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mark.o.kimball@nasa.gov; peter.j.shirron@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012157 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012157 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700157 ER PT S AU Krenn, A Starr, S Youngquist, R Nurge, M Sass, J Fesmire, J Cariker, C Bhattacharya, A AF Krenn, A. Starr, S. Youngquist, R. Nurge, M. Sass, J. Fesmire, J. Cariker, C. Bhattacharya, A. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI The safe removal of frozen air from the annulus of an LH2 storage tank SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB Large Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) storage tanks are vital infrastructure for NASA. Eventually, air may leak into the evacuated and perlite filled annular region of these tanks. Although the vacuum level is monitored in this region, the extremely cold temperature causes all but the helium and neon constituents of air to freeze. A small, often unnoticeable pressure rise is the result. As the leak persists, the quantity of frozen air increases, as does the thermal conductivity of the insulation system. Consequently, a notable increase in commodity boil-off is often the first indicator of an air leak. Severe damage can result from normal draining of the tank. The warming air will sublimate which will cause a pressure rise in the annulus. When the pressure increases above the triple point, the frozen air will begin to melt and migrate downward. Collection of liquid air on the carbon steel outer shell may chill it below its ductility range, resulting in fracture. In order to avoid a structural failure, as described above, a method for the safe removal of frozen air is needed. A thermal model of the storage tank has been created using SINDA/FLUINT modelling software. Experimental work is progressing in an attempt to characterize the thermal conductivity of a perlite/frozen nitrogen mixture. A statistical mechanics model is being developed in parallel for comparison to experimental work. The thermal model will be updated using the experimental/statistical mechanical data, and used to simulate potential removal scenarios. This paper will address methodologies and analysis techniques for evaluation of two proposed air removal methods. C1 [Krenn, A.] NASA, Cryogen Prop Syst Branch, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Starr, S.; Youngquist, R.; Nurge, M.] NASA, Appl Phys Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Sass, J.; Fesmire, J.] NASA, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Cariker, C.; Bhattacharya, A.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Krenn, A (reprint author), NASA, Cryogen Prop Syst Branch, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM angela.g.krenn@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012031 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012031 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700031 ER PT S AU Luchinskiy, DG Ponizovskaya-Devine, E Hafiychuk, V Kashani, A Khasin, M Timucin, D Sass, J Perotti, J Brown, B AF Luchinskiy, Dmitry G. Ponizovskaya-Devine, Ekaterina Hafiychuk, Vasyl Kashani, Ali Khasin, Michael Timucin, Dogan Sass, Jared Perotti, Jose Brown, Barbara BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Hierarchy of two-phase flow models for autonomous control of cryogenic loading operation SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB We report on the development of a hierarchy of models of cryogenic two-phase flow motivated by NASA plans to develop and maturate technology of cryogenic propellant loading on the ground and in space. The solution of this problem requires models that are fast and accurate enough to identify flow conditions, detect faults, and to propose optimal recovery strategy. The hierarchy of models described in this presentation is ranging from homogeneous moving front approximation to separated non -equilibrium two-phase cryogenic flow. We compare model predictions with experimental data and discuss possible application of these models to on-line integrated health management and control of cryogenic loading operation. C1 [Luchinskiy, Dmitry G.] Mission Crit Technol Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Ponizovskaya-Devine, Ekaterina; Hafiychuk, Vasyl; Khasin, Michael] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Kashani, Ali] MEI Co, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Timucin, Dogan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sass, Jared; Perotti, Jose; Brown, Barbara] Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Luchinskiy, DG (reprint author), Mission Crit Technol Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM dmitry.g.luchinsky@nasa.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012069 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012069 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700069 ER PT S AU Medina, JT Sass, J Youney, J Schmitz, W AF Medina, J. Toro Sass, J. Youney, J. Schmitz, W. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Simulated Propellant Loading System: Testbed for cryogenic component and control systems research & development SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB Technologies in the fields of cryogenic components and control systems are constantly evolving to advance the state of current cryogenic operations that will support future space exploration missions. To meet new demanding requirements, these missions will increasingly rely upon research and development in energy-efficient storage, transfer and use of cryogens and cryogenic propellants on Earth and in space. The capability to test these technologies is sometimes limited to isolated subsystems with a narrow application spectrum. The initiative to develop the Simulated Propellant Loading System (SPLS) is to provide an integrated multipurpose generic testbed to allow dedicated test and evaluation of new technologies in a field environment on a scale that is relevant to launch facility propellant systems. The Cryogenic Test Laboratory (CTL) at the Kennedy Space Center has more than two years of operational experience of using the SPLS to support independent and integrated technology maturation. This paper presents the development of a highly repeatable automated cold flow test sequence that was used in the evaluation and advancement of autonomous control system technologies. A range of other recent applications and capabilities of the SPLS will also be presented in this paper. C1 [Medina, J. Toro; Sass, J.; Youney, J.; Schmitz, W.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, Mail Stop NE-M5-C, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Medina, JT (reprint author), NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, Mail Stop NE-M5-C, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM jaime.a.toromedina@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012084 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012084 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700084 ER PT S AU Meneghelli, BJ Obregon, RE Ross, HR Hebert, BJ Sass, JP Dirschka, GE AF Meneghelli, B. J. Obregon, R. E. Ross, H. R. Hebert, B. J. Sass, J. P. Dirschka, G. E. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Total hydrocarbon content (THC) testing in liquid oxygen (LOX) systems SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The measured Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) levels in liquid oxygen (LOX) systems at Stennis Space Center (SSC) have shown wide variations. Examples of these variations include the following: 1) differences between vendor-supplied THC values and those obtained using standard SSC analysis procedures; and 2) increasing THC values over time at an active SSC test stand in both storage and run vessels. A detailed analysis of LOX sampling techniques, analytical instrumentation, and sampling procedures will be presented. Additional data obtained on LOX system operations and LOX delivery trailer THC values during the past 12-24 months will also be discussed. Field test results showing THC levels and the distribution of the THC's in the test stand run tank, modified for THC analysis via dip tubes, will be presented. C1 [Meneghelli, B. J.] Vencore ESC, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Obregon, R. E.; Ross, H. R.; Hebert, B. J.] NASA, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Sass, J. P.; Dirschka, G. E.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Meneghelli, BJ (reprint author), Vencore ESC, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM barry.j.meneghelli@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012083 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012083 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700083 ER PT S AU Na-Nakornpanom, A Naylor, BJ Lee, RAM AF Na-Nakornpanom, Arthur Naylor, Bret J. Lee, Richard A. M. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI In-Flight Performance of the OCO-2 Cryocooler SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) will have completed its first year in space on July 2, 2015. The OCO-2 instrument incorporates three bore-sighted, high-resolution grating spectrometers, designed to measure the near-infrared absorption of reflected sunlight by carbon dioxide and molecular oxygen. The cryocooler system design is coupled with the instrument's thermal control design to maximize the instrument's performance. A single-stage NGAS pulse tube cryocooler provides refrigeration to three focal plane arrays to similar to 120 K via a high conductance flexible thermal strap. A variable conductance heat pipe (VCHP) based heat rejection system (HRS) transports waste heat from the instrument located inside the spacecraft to the space-viewing radiators. The HRS provides tight temperature control of the optics to 267 K and maintains the cryocooler at 300 K. Soon after entering the A-Train on August 3, 2014, the optics and focal planes were cooled to their operating temperatures. This paper provides a general overview of the cryogenic system design and reviews the in-flight cryogenic performance during the Observatory's first year. C1 [Na-Nakornpanom, Arthur; Naylor, Bret J.; Lee, Richard A. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Na-Nakornpanom, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM arthur.na-nakornpanom@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012024 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012024 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700024 ER PT S AU Notardonato, WU Johnson, WL Swanger, AM Tomsik, T AF Notardonato, W. U. Johnson, W. L. Swanger, A. M. Tomsik, T. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Ground operations demonstration unit for liquid hydrogen initial test results SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB NASA operations for handling cryogens in ground support equipment have not changed substantially in 50 years, despite major technology advances in the field of cryogenics. NASA loses approximately 50% of the hydrogen purchased because of a continuous heat leak into ground and flight vessels, transient chill down of warm cryogenic equipment, liquid bleeds, and vent losses. NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) needs to develop energy-efficient cryogenic ground systems to minimize propellant losses, simplify operations, and reduce cost associated with hydrogen usage. The GODU LH2 project has designed, assembled, and started testing of a prototype storage and distribution system for liquid hydrogen that represents an advanced end-to-end cryogenic propellant system for a ground launch complex. The project has multiple objectives including zero loss storage and transfer, liquefaction of gaseous hydrogen, and densification of liquid hydrogen. The system is unique because it uses an integrated refrigeration and storage system (IRAS) to control the state of the fluid. This paper will present and discuss the results of the initial phase of testing of the GODU LH2 system. C1 [Notardonato, W. U.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, UB-R1, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Johnson, W. L.; Tomsik, T.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cryogen & Fluids Branch, LTF0, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Swanger, A. M.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, NE-M5-B, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Notardonato, WU (reprint author), NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, UB-R1, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM bill.notardonato@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012081 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012081 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700081 ER PT S AU Ross, RG AF Ross, R. G., Jr. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Quantifying MLI Thermal Conduction in Cryogenic Applications from Experimental Data SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB Multilayer Insulation (MLI) uses stacks of low-emittance metalized sheets combined with low-conduction spacer features to greatly reduce the heat transfer to cryogenic applications from higher temperature surrounds. However, as the hot-side temperature decreases from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures, the level of radiant heat transfer drops as the fourth power of the temperature, while the heat transfer by conduction only falls off linearly. This results in cryogenic MLI being dominated by conduction, a quantity that is extremely sensitive to MLI blanket construction and very poorly quantified in the literature. To develop useful quantitative data on cryogenic blanket conduction, multilayer nonlinear heat transfer models are used to analyze extensive heat transfer data measured by Lockheed Palo Alto on their cryogenic dewar MLI and measured by JPL on their spacecraft MLI. The data-fitting aspect of the modeling allows the radiative and conductive thermal properties of the tested blankets to be explicitly quantified. Results are presented showing that MLI conductance varies by a factor of 600 between spacecraft MLI and Lockheed's best cryogenic MLI. C1 [Ross, R. G., Jr.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ross, RG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012017 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012017 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700017 ER PT S AU Shu, QS Demko, JA Fesmire, JE AF Shu, Q. S. Demko, J. A. Fesmire, J. E. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Developments in advanced and energy saving thermal isolations for cryogenic applications SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson ID INSULATION; DESIGN; CRYOSTAT; AEROGEL; SYSTEMS; MAGNET AB The cooling power consumption in large scale superconducting systems is huge and cryogenic devices used in space applications often require an extremely long cryogen holding time. To economically maintain the device at its operating temperature and minimize the refrigeration losses, high performance of thermal isolation is essential. The radiation from warm surrounding surfaces and conducting heat leaks through supports and penetrations are the dominant heat loads to the cold mass under vacuum condition. The advanced developments in various cryogenic applications to successfully reduce the heat loads through radiation and conduction are briefly and systematically discussed and evaluated in this review paper. These include: (1) thermal Insulation for different applications (foams, perlites, glass bubbles, aerogel and MLI), (2) sophisticated low-heat-leak support (cryogenic tension straps, trolley bars and posts with dedicated thermal intercepts), and (3) novel cryogenic heat switches. C1 [Demko, J. A.] LeTourneau Univ, 2100 S Mobberly Ave, Longview, TX 75602 USA. [Fesmire, J. E.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Shu, QS (reprint author), 1514 Southfork Dr, Keller, TX 76248 USA. EM shu2012qs@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR UNSP 012014 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012014 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700014 ER PT S AU Swanger, AM Jumper, KM Fesmire, JE Notardonato, WU AF Swanger, A. M. Jumper, K. M. Fesmire, J. E. Notardonato, W. U. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Modification of a liquid hydrogen tank for integrated refrigeration and storage SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The modification and outfitting of a 125,000-liter liquid hydrogen tank was performed to provide integrated refrigeration and storage capability. These functions include zero boil-off, liquefaction, and densification and therefore require provisions for sub-atmospheric tank pressures within the vacuum-jacketed, multilayer insulated tank. The primary structural modification was to add stiffening rings inside the inner vessel. The internal stiffening rings were designed, built, and installed per the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, to prevent collapse in the case of vacuum jacket failure in combination with sub-atmospheric pressure within the tank. For the integrated refrigeration loop, a modular, skeleton-type heat exchanger, with refrigerant temperature instrumentation, was constructed using the stiffening rings as supports. To support the system thermal performance testing, three custom temperature rakes were designed and installed along the 21-meter length of the tank, once again using rings as supports. The temperature rakes included a total of 20 silicon diode temperature sensors mounted both vertically and radially to map the bulk liquid temperature within the tank. The tank modifications were successful and the system is now operational for the research and development of integrated refrigeration technology. C1 [Swanger, A. M.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, NE M5-B, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Jumper, K. M.] Sierra Lobo ESC, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Fesmire, J. E.; Notardonato, W. U.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Swanger, AM (reprint author), NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, NE M5-B, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM adam.m.swanger@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012080 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012080 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700080 ER PT S AU Havelund, K Joshi, R AF Havelund, Klaus Joshi, Rajeev BE Artho, C Olveczky, PC TI Experience with Rule-Based Analysis of Spacecraft Logs SO FORMAL TECHNIQUES FOR SAFETY-CRITICAL SYSTEMS, FTSCS 2014 SE Communications in Computer and Information Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Formal Techniques for Safety-Critical Systems (FTSCS) CY NOV 06-07, 2014 CL Luxembourg, LUXEMBOURG AB One of the main challenges facing the software development as well as the hardware communities is that of demonstrating the correctness of built artifacts with respect to separately stated requirements. Runtime verification is a partial solution to this problem, consisting of checking actual execution traces against formalized requirements. A related activity is that of humans attempting to understand (or comprehend) what the system does when it executes, for validation purposes, or for simply operating the system optimally. For example, a key challenge in operating remote spacecraft is that ground operators must rely on the limited visibility available through spacecraft telemetry in order to assess spacecraft health and operational status. In this paper we illustrate the use of the rule- based runtime verification system LogFire for supporting such log comprehension. Specifically, LogFire is used for generating abstract events from the concrete events in logs, followed by a visualization of these abstract events using the D3 visualization framework. C1 [Havelund, Klaus; Joshi, Rajeev] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Havelund, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM havelund@gmail.com NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-0929 BN 978-3-319-17581-2; 978-3-319-17580-5 J9 COMM COM INF SC PY 2015 VL 476 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-17581-2_1 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BE1RM UT WOS:000368430500001 ER PT S AU Parcheta, C Fagents, S Swanson, DA Houghton, BF Ericksen, T AF Parcheta, Carolyn Fagents, Sarah Swanson, Donald A. Houghton, Bruce F. Ericksen, Todd BE Carey, R Cayol, V Poland, M Weis, D TI Hawaiian Fissure Fountains: Quantifying Vent and Shallow Conduit Geometry, Episode 1 of the 1969-1974 Mauna Ulu Eruption SO HAWAIIAN VOLCANOES: FROM SOURCE TO SURFACE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference on Hawaiian Volcanoes - From Source to Surface CY AUG 20-24, 2012 CL HI SP Amer Geophys Union ID EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; PAHOEHOE LAVA FLOW; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SOUTHWEST ICELAND; SURFACE CRUST; RIFT-ZONE; EMPLACEMENT; EVOLUTION; DIKES; MAGMA AB Geometries of shallow magmatic pathways feeding volcanic eruptions are poorly constrained, yet many key interpretations about eruption dynamics depend on knowledge of these geometries. Direct quantification is difficult because vents typically become blocked with lava at the end of eruptions. Indirect geophysical techniques have shed light on some volcanic conduit geometries, but the scales are too coarse to resolve narrow fissures (widths typically 1 m). Kilauea's Mauna Ulu eruption, which started with <50 m high Hawaiian fountains along a 4.5 km fissure on 24 May 1969, provides a unique opportunity to measure the detailed geometry of a shallow magmatic pathway, as the western vents remain unobstructed to depths >30 m. Direct measurements at the ground surface were augmented by tripod-mounted lidar measurements to quantify the shallow conduit geometry for three vents at a resolution <4 cm. We define the form of the fissure in terms of aspect ratio, flaring ratio, irregularity, sinuosity, and segmentation and discuss the factors influencing these parameters. In the past, simplified first-order fissure geometries have been used in computational modeling. Our data can provide more accurate conduit shapes for better understanding of shallow fissure fluid dynamics and how it controls eruptive behavior, especially if incorporated into computer models. C1 [Parcheta, Carolyn; Houghton, Bruce F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Parcheta, Carolyn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fagents, Sarah; Ericksen, Todd] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swanson, Donald A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Parcheta, C (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-87207-9; 978-1-118-87204-8 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 208 BP 369 EP 391 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BE1RH UT WOS:000368412500017 ER PT S AU Orr, TR Poland, MP Patrick, MR Thelen, WA Sutton, AJ Elias, T Thornber, CR Parcheta, C Wooten, KM AF Orr, Tim R. Poland, Michael P. Patrick, Matthew R. Thelen, Weston A. Sutton, A. Jeff Elias, Tamar Thornber, Carl R. Parcheta, Carolyn Wooten, Kelly M. BE Carey, R Cayol, V Poland, M Weis, D TI Kilauea's 5-9 March 2011 Kamoamoa Fissure Eruption and Its Relation to 30+Years of Activity From Pu'u 'O'o SO HAWAIIAN VOLCANOES: FROM SOURCE TO SURFACE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference on Hawaiian Volcanoes - From Source to Surface CY AUG 20-24, 2012 CL HI SP Amer Geophys Union ID KUPAIANAHA ERUPTION; VOLCANO; HAWAII; MAGMA; INFLATION AB Lava output from Kilauea's long-lived East Rift Zone eruption, ongoing since 1983, began waning in 2010 and was coupled with uplift, increased seismicity, and rising lava levels at the volcano's summit and Pu'u 'O'o vent. These changes culminated in the four-day-long Kamoamoa fissure eruption on the East Rift Zone starting on 5 March 2011. About 2.7 x 10(6) m(3) of lava erupted, accompanied by similar to 15 cm of summit subsidence, draining of Kilauea's summit lava lake, a 113 m drop of Pu'u 'O'o's crater floor, similar to 3 m of East Rift Zone widening, and eruptive SO 2 emissions averaging 8500 tonnes/day. Lava effusion resumed at Pu'u 'O'o shortly after the Kamoamoa eruption ended, marking the onset of a new period of East Rift Zone activity. Multiparameter monitoring before and during the Kamoamoa eruption suggests that it was driven by an imbalance between magma supplied to and erupted from Kilauea's East Rift Zone and that eruptive output is affected by changes in the geometry of the rift zone plumbing system. These results imply that intrusions and eruptive changes during ongoing activity at Kilauea may be anticipated from the geophysical, geological, and geochemical manifestations of magma supply and magma plumbing system geometry. C1 [Orr, Tim R.; Poland, Michael P.; Patrick, Matthew R.; Thelen, Weston A.; Sutton, A. Jeff; Elias, Tamar; Wooten, Kelly M.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Orr, Tim R.; Parcheta, Carolyn] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Thornber, Carl R.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Wooten, Kelly M.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Parcheta, Carolyn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Orr, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. OI Thornber, Carl/0000-0002-6382-4408 NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-87207-9; 978-1-118-87204-8 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 208 BP 393 EP 420 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BE1RH UT WOS:000368412500018 ER PT S AU Kotov, DV Yee, HC Wray, AA Sjogreen, B AF Kotov, D. V. Yee, H. C. Wray, A. A. Sjoegreen, B. BE Kirby, RM Berzins, M Hesthaven, JS TI Numerical Dissipation Control in High Order Shock-Capturing Schemes for LES of Low Speed Flows SO SPECTRAL AND HIGH ORDER METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ICOSAHOM 2014 SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Spectral and High-Order Methods (ICOSAHOM) CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, US Air Force Off Sponsored Res, US Army Res Off, University Utah, SCI Inst ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENCE AB In Kotov et al. (Proceedings of ICCFD8, 2014) the LES of a turbulent flow with a strong shock by Yee and Sjogreen (Proceedings of ICOSAHOM 09, Trondheim, Norway, 2013) scheme indicated a good agreement with the filtered DNS data. There are vastly different requirements in the minimization of numerical dissipation for accurate turbulence simulations of different compressible flow types and flow speeds. The present study examines the versatility of the Yee and Sjgreen scheme for LES of low speed flows. Special attention is focused on the accuracy performance of this scheme using the Smagorinsky and the Germano-Lilly SGS models. C1 [Kotov, D. V.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Yee, H. C.; Wray, A. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sjoegreen, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kotov, DV (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM dmitry.v.kotov@nasa.gov; helen.m.yee@nasa.gov; Alan.A.Wray@nasa.gov; sjogreen2@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 978-3-319-19800-2; 978-3-319-19799-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2015 VL 106 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-19800-2_25 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BE1SB UT WOS:000368440400025 ER PT S AU Weisbin, CR Lincoln, W AF Weisbin, Charles R. Lincoln, William BE Selvaraj, H Zydek, D Chmaj, G TI Titan Science Return Quantification SO PROGRESS IN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SE Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Systems Engineering CY AUG 19-21, 2014 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Univ Nevada Las Vegas, ALDEC, NVEnergy C1 [Weisbin, Charles R.; Lincoln, William] NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Weisbin, CR (reprint author), NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM charles.r.weisbin@jpl.nasa.gov; william.lincoln@jpl.nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2194-5357 BN 978-3-319-08421-3 J9 ADV INTELL SYST PY 2015 VL 366 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08422-0_1 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BD3UX UT WOS:000360214900001 ER PT S AU Canavan, ER Leidecker, H Panashchenko, L AF Canavan, Edgar R. Leidecker, Henning Panashchenko, Lyudmyla BE Balachandran, U Cooley, L Hartwig, KT Hellstrom, E Kiss, T DAntonio, A Lee, P Prikhna, T Stautner, W Sumption, M Walsh, R TI Conductance Degradation in HTS Coated Conductor Solder Joints SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING - MATERIALS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE (ICMC) 2015 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson ID CONTACTS AB Solder joints between YBCO coated conductors and normal metal traces have been analysed as part of an effort to develop a robust HTS lead assembly for a spaceflight mission. Measurements included critical current and current transfer profiles. X-ray micrographs were used to verify proper solder flow and to determine the extent of voiding. SEM of cross-sections with EDS analysis was crucial in understanding the diffusion of the protective silver layer over the YBCO into the solder for different solder processes. The assembly must be stored for an extended period of time prior to final cool-down and operation. Measurements of the joint resistance over the course of months show a significant increase with time. Understanding the interface condition suggests an explanation for the change. C1 [Canavan, Edgar R.; Leidecker, Henning; Panashchenko, Lyudmyla] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Canavan, ER (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Ed.Canavan@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 102 AR 012032 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/102/1/012032 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1IU UT WOS:000368007500032 ER PT S AU Swanger, AM Fesmire, JE Trigwell, S Gibson, TL Williams, MK Benafan, O AF Swanger, A. M. Fesmire, J. E. Trigwell, S. Gibson, T. L. Williams, M. K. Benafan, O. BE Balachandran, U Cooley, L Hartwig, KT Hellstrom, E Kiss, T DAntonio, A Lee, P Prikhna, T Stautner, W Sumption, M Walsh, R TI Apparatus and method for low-temperature training of shape memory alloys SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING - MATERIALS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE (ICMC) 2015 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB An apparatus and method for the low-temperature thermo-mechanical training of shape memory alloys (SMA) has been developed. The experimental SMA materials are being evaluated as prototypes for applicability in novel thermal management systems for future cryogenic applications. Alloys providing two-way actuation at cryogenic temperatures are the chief target. The mechanical training regimen was focused on the controlled movement of rectangular strips, with S-bend configurations, at temperatures as low as 30 K. The custom holding fixture included temperature sensors and a low heat-leak linear actuator with a magnetic coupling. The fixture was mounted to a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler providing up to 25 W of cooling power at 20 K and housed within a custom vacuum chamber. Operations included both training cycles and verification of shape memory movement. The system design and operation are discussed. Results of the training for select prototype alloys are presented. C1 [Swanger, A. M.; Fesmire, J. E.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Trigwell, S.] Kennedy Space Ctr, Sierra Lobo ESC, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Gibson, T. L.] Kennedy Space Ctr, Vencore ESC, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Williams, M. K.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Explorat Res & Technol, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Benafan, O.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Swanger, AM (reprint author), NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, NE M5, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM adam.m.swanger@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 102 AR 012008 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/102/1/012008 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1IU UT WOS:000368007500008 ER PT S AU Tuttle, J Canavan, E AF Tuttle, J. Canavan, E. BE Balachandran, U Cooley, L Hartwig, KT Hellstrom, E Kiss, T DAntonio, A Lee, P Prikhna, T Stautner, W Sumption, M Walsh, R TI Recent NASA/GSFC cryogenic measurements of the total hemispheric emissivity of black surface preparations SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING - MATERIALS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE (ICMC) 2015 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB High-emissivity (black) surfaces are commonly used on deep-space radiators and thermal radiation absorbers in test chambers. Since 2011 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has measured the total hemispheric emissivity of such surfaces from 20 to 300 K using a test apparatus inside a small laboratory cryostat. We report the latest data from these measurements, including Aeroglaze Z307 paint, Black Kapton, and a configuration of painted aluminum honeycomb that was not previously tested. We also present the results of batch-to-batch reproducibility studies in Ball Infrared Black (TM) and painted aluminum honeycomb. Finally, we describe a recently-adopted temperature control method which significantly speeds the data acquisition, and we discuss efforts to reduce the noise in future data. C1 [Tuttle, J.; Canavan, E.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryogen & Fluids Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tuttle, J (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryogen & Fluids Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM james.g.tuttle@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 102 AR 012015 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/102/1/012015 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1IU UT WOS:000368007500015 ER PT J AU Balmaseda, MA Hernandez, F Storto, A Palmer, MD Alves, O Shi, L Smith, GC Toyoda, T Valdivieso, M Barnier, B Behringer, D Boyer, T Chang, YS Chepurin, GA Ferry, N Forget, G Fujii, Y Good, S Guinehut, S Haines, K Ishikawa, Y Keeley, S Kohl, A Lee, T Martin, MJ Masina, S Masuda, S Meyssignac, B Mogensen, K Parent, L Peterson, KA Tang, YM Yin, Y Vernieres, G Wang, X Waters, J Wedd, R Wang, O Xue, Y Chevallier, M Lemieux, JF Dupont, F Kuragano, T Kamachi, M Awaji, T Caltabiano, A Wilmer-Becker, K Gaillard, F AF Balmaseda, M. A. Hernandez, F. Storto, A. Palmer, M. D. Alves, O. Shi, L. Smith, G. C. Toyoda, T. Valdivieso, M. Barnier, B. Behringer, D. Boyer, T. Chang, Y-S. Chepurin, G. A. Ferry, N. Forget, G. Fujii, Y. Good, S. Guinehut, S. Haines, K. Ishikawa, Y. Keeley, S. Koehl, A. Lee, T. Martin, M. J. Masina, S. Masuda, S. Meyssignac, B. Mogensen, K. Parent, L. Peterson, K. A. Tang, Y. M. Yin, Y. Vernieres, G. Wang, X. Waters, J. Wedd, R. Wang, O. Xue, Y. Chevallier, M. Lemieux, J-F. Dupont, F. Kuragano, T. Kamachi, M. Awaji, T. Caltabiano, A. Wilmer-Becker, K. Gaillard, F. TI The Ocean Reanalyses Intercomparison Project (ORA-IP) SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; HEAT-CONTENT; SEA-LEVEL; IN-SITU; CLIMATE; ENSEMBLE; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Uncertainty in ocean analysis methods and deficiencies in the observing system are major obstacles for the reliable reconstruction of the past ocean climate. The variety of existing ocean reanalyses is exploited in a multi-reanalysis ensemble to improve the ocean state estimation and to gauge uncertainty levels. The ensemble-based analysis of signal-to-noise ratio allows the identification of ocean characteristics for which the estimation is robust (such as tropical mixedlayer-depth, upper ocean heat content), and where large uncertainty exists (deep ocean, Southern Ocean, sea ice thickness, salinity), providing guidance for future enhancement of the observing and data assimilation systems. C1 [Balmaseda, M. A.; Keeley, S.; Mogensen, K.; Tang, Y. M.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Hernandez, F.] IRD, Toulouse, France. [Hernandez, F.; Ferry, N.; Parent, L.] Mercator Ocean, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Storto, A.; Masina, S.] Ctr Euro Mediterraneo Cambiamenti Climatici CMCC, Bologna, Italy. [Palmer, M. D.; Alves, O.; Good, S.; Martin, M. J.; Peterson, K. A.; Waters, J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Shi, L.; Yin, Y.; Wedd, R.] Bur Meteorol BOM, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Smith, G. C.; Lemieux, J-F.; Dupont, F.] Environm Canada, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Toyoda, T.; Fujii, Y.; Kuragano, T.; Kamachi, M.] Japan Meteorol Agcy MRI JMA, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Valdivieso, M.; Haines, K.] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [Barnier, B.] CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Behringer, D.; Xue, Y.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Boyer, T.] NOAA, NODC, College Pk, MD USA. [Chang, Y-S.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Chang, Y-S.] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Kong Ju 314701, South Korea. [Chepurin, G. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Forget, G.] MIT, Program Atmosphere Ocean & Climate, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Guinehut, S.] CLS, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Ishikawa, Y.; Awaji, T.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, CEIST, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Koehl, A.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Lee, T.; Wang, O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Masina, S.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Masuda, S.] JAMSTEC, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change RCGC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [Meyssignac, B.] CNES, LEGOS, Toulouse, France. [Vernieres, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, X.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Chevallier, M.] CNRS, CNRM GAME, Meteo France, UMR3589, Toulouse, France. [Caltabiano, A.] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Int CLIVAR Global Project Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wilmer-Becker, K.] Met Off, GODAE OceanView Project Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Gaillard, F.] IFREMER, Lab Phys Oceans LPO, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Balmaseda, MA (reprint author), European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. EM maleni_alonso@yahoo.co.uk RI Kohl, Armin/I-9378-2014; Barnier, Bernard/F-2400-2016; Masina, Simona/B-4974-2012; Keeley, Sarah/G-3352-2016; Hernandez, Fabrice/F-6642-2013; OI Kohl, Armin/0000-0002-9777-674X; Barnier, Bernard/0000-0002-7539-2542; Keeley, Sarah/0000-0002-8046-765X; Hernandez, Fabrice/0000-0003-2152-0657; Gaillard, Fabienne/0000-0002-9466-8268 FU European Commission; GEMINA project - Italian Ministry for Environment; NERC; Research Program on Climate Change Adaptation of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese government; Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; NASA [WBS 802678.02.17.01.25]; NASA; NOAA's Climate Observation Division (COD); LEFE/GMMC French national program FX This work has been partially funded by the European Commission funded projects MyOcean, MyOcean2 and COMBINE; by the GEMINA project -funded by the Italian Ministry for Environment; by the NERC-funded VALOR project; by the NERC-funded NCEO program; by the Research Program on Climate Change Adaptation of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese government; by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101); by NASA's Modelling Analysis and Prediction Program under WBS 802678.02.17.01.25 and by the NASA Physical Oceanography Program; by the NOAA's Climate Observation Division (COD); by the LEFE/GMMC French national program. The MILA-GPV dataset is provided for this study by RCGC/JAMSTEC. The authors would also like to thanks the constructive suggestions of four anonymous reviewers. NR 85 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-876X EI 1755-8778 J9 J OPER OCEANOGR JI J. Oper. Oceanogr. PY 2015 VL 8 SU 1 SI SI BP S80 EP S97 DI 10.1080/1755876X.2015.1022329 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DA9GS UT WOS:000368117600006 ER PT J AU Brassington, GB Martin, MJ Tolman, HL Akella, S Balmeseda, M Chambers, CRS Chassignet, E Cummings, JA Drillet, Y Jansen, PAEM Laloyaux, P Lea, D Mehra, A Mirouze, I Ritchie, H Samson, G Sandery, PA Smith, GC Suarez, M Todling, R AF Brassington, G. B. Martin, M. J. Tolman, H. L. Akella, S. Balmeseda, M. Chambers, C. R. S. Chassignet, E. Cummings, J. A. Drillet, Y. Jansen, P. A. E. M. Laloyaux, P. Lea, D. Mehra, A. Mirouze, I. Ritchie, H. Samson, G. Sandery, P. A. Smith, G. C. Suarez, M. Todling, R. TI Progress and challenges in short- to medium-range coupled prediction SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DATA ASSIMILATION; HURRICANE INTENSITY; OCEAN INTERACTION; SYSTEM; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; SIMULATIONS; GODAE AB The availability of GODAE Oceanview-type ocean forecast systems provides the opportunity to develop high-resolution, short-to medium-range coupled prediction systems. Several groups have undertaken the first experiments based on relatively unsophisticated approaches. Progress is being driven at the institutional level targeting a range of applications that represent their respective national interests with clear overlaps and opportunities for information exchange and collaboration. The applications include forecasting of the general circulation, hurricanes, extra-tropical storms, high-latitude weather and coastal air-sea interaction. In some cases, research has moved beyond case and sensitivity studies to controlled experiments to obtain statistically significant metrics and operational predictions. C1 [Brassington, G. B.; Sandery, P. A.] Australian Bur Meteorol, CAWCR, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Martin, M. J.; Lea, D.; Mirouze, I.] UK Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Tolman, H. L.; Mehra, A.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, Bethesda, MD USA. [Akella, S.; Suarez, M.; Todling, R.] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Bethesda, MD USA. [Balmeseda, M.; Jansen, P. A. E. M.; Laloyaux, P.] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Chambers, C. R. S.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Chassignet, E.] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cummings, J. A.] NRL, Monterey, CA USA. [Drillet, Y.; Samson, G.] Mercator Ocean, Toulouse, France. [Ritchie, H.] Environm Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. [Smith, G. C.] Environm Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. RP Brassington, GB (reprint author), Australian Bur Meteorol, CAWCR, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. EM g.brassington@bom.gov.au NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-876X EI 1755-8778 J9 J OPER OCEANOGR JI J. Oper. Oceanogr. PY 2015 VL 8 SU 2 SI SI BP S239 EP S258 DI 10.1080/1755876X.2015.1049875 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DA9GU UT WOS:000368117800004 ER PT J AU Le Traon, PY Antoine, D Bentamy, A Bonekamp, H Breivik, LA Chapron, B Corlett, G Dibarboure, G DiGiacomo, P Donlon, C Faugere, Y Font, J Girard-Ardhuin, F Gohin, F Johannessen, JA Kamachi, M Lagerloef, G Lambin, J Larnicol, G Le Borgne, P Leuliette, E Lindstrom, E Martin, MJ Maturi, E Miller, L Mingsen, L Morrow, R Reul, N Rio, MH Roquet, H Santoleri, R Wilkin, J AF Le Traon, P. -Y. Antoine, D. Bentamy, A. Bonekamp, H. Breivik, L. A. Chapron, B. Corlett, G. Dibarboure, G. DiGiacomo, P. Donlon, C. Faugere, Y. Font, J. Girard-Ardhuin, F. Gohin, F. Johannessen, J. A. Kamachi, M. Lagerloef, G. Lambin, J. Larnicol, G. Le Borgne, P. Leuliette, E. Lindstrom, E. Martin, M. J. Maturi, E. Miller, L. Mingsen, L. Morrow, R. Reul, N. Rio, M. H. Roquet, H. Santoleri, R. Wilkin, J. TI Use of satellite observations for operational oceanography: recent achievements and future prospects SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN SEA; OCEAN; ASSIMILATION; ALTIMETRY; PRODUCTS; MISSION; SYSTEM; MODEL; COLOR; VALIDATION AB The paper gives an overview of the development of satellite oceanography over the past five years focusing on the most relevant issues for operational oceanography. Satellites provide key essential variables to constrain ocean models and/or serve downstream applications. New and improved satellite data sets have been developed and have directly improved the quality of operational products. The status of the satellite constellation for the last five years was, however, not optimal. Review of future missions shows clear progress and new research and development missions with a potentially large impact for operational oceanography should be demonstrated. Improvement of data assimilation techniques and developing synergetic use of high resolution satellite observations are important future priorities. C1 [Le Traon, P. -Y.] IFREMER, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Le Traon, P. -Y.] Mercator Ocean, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Antoine, D.] UPMC, Univ Paris 04, Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Antoine, D.] CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Antoine, D.] Curtin Univ, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Bentamy, A.; Chapron, B.; Girard-Ardhuin, F.; Gohin, F.; Reul, N.] IFREMER, Plouzane, France. [Bonekamp, H.] Eumetsat, Darmstadt, Germany. [Breivik, L. A.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Corlett, G.] Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England. [Dibarboure, G.; Faugere, Y.; Larnicol, G.; Rio, M. H.] CLS, Ramonville St Agne, France. [DiGiacomo, P.; Leuliette, E.; Maturi, E.; Miller, L.] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. [Donlon, C.] ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Font, J.] CSIC, ICM, Barcelona, Spain. [Johannessen, J. A.] Nansen Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Kamachi, M.] JAXA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Lagerloef, G.] ESR, Seattle, WA USA. [Lambin, J.] CNES, Toulouse, France. [Le Borgne, P.; Roquet, H.] CMS, Lannion, France. [Lindstrom, E.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Martin, M. J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Mingsen, L.] NSOAS, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Morrow, R.] LEGOS, Toulouse, France. [Santoleri, R.] CNR, Rome, Italy. [Wilkin, J.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Le Traon, PY (reprint author), IFREMER, Ramonville St Agne, France. EM pierre-yves.letraon@mercator-ocean.fr RI Maturi, Eileen/F-5611-2010; Antoine, David/C-3817-2013; Wilkin, John/E-5343-2011; Miller, Laury/B-8305-2011; DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010; Leuliette, Eric/D-1527-2010; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny/L-4153-2015; OI Antoine, David/0000-0002-9082-2395; Wilkin, John/0000-0002-5444-9466; Miller, Laury/0000-0003-3095-5804; DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899; Leuliette, Eric/0000-0002-3425-4039; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny/0000-0001-7819-7665; Reul, Nicolas/0000-0003-4881-2967 NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-876X EI 1755-8778 J9 J OPER OCEANOGR JI J. Oper. Oceanogr. PY 2015 VL 8 SU 1 SI SI BP S12 EP S27 DI 10.1080/1755876X.2015.1022050 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DA9GS UT WOS:000368117600002 ER PT J AU Tonani, M Balmaseda, M Bertino, L Blockley, E Brassington, G Davidson, F Drillet, Y Hogan, P Kuragano, T Lee, T Mehra, A Paranathara, F Tanajura, CAS Wang, H AF Tonani, Marina Balmaseda, Magdalena Bertino, Laurent Blockley, Ed Brassington, Gary Davidson, Fraser Drillet, Yann Hogan, Pat Kuragano, Tsurane Lee, Tong Mehra, Avichal Paranathara, Francis Tanajura, Clemente A. S. Wang, Hui TI Status and future of global and regional ocean prediction systems SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN SEA; MODEL; ASSIMILATION; ATLANTIC; SURFACE; JAPAN AB Operational evolution of global and regional ocean forecasting systems has been extremely significant in recent years. Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) Oceanview supports the national research groups providing them with coordination and sharing expertise among the partners. Several systems have been set up and developed pre-operationally, and the majority of these are now fully operational; at the present time, they provide medium-and long-term forecasts of the most relevant ocean physical variables. These systems are based on ocean general circulation models and data-assimilation techniques that are able to correct the model with the information inferred from different types of observations. A few systems also incorporate a biogeochemical component coupled with the physical system, while others are based on coupled ocean-wave-ice-atmosphere models. The products are routinely validated with observations in order to assess their quality. Data and product implementation and organization, as well as service, for users have been well tried and tested, and most of the products are now available to users. The interaction with different users is an important factor in the development process. This paper provides a synthetic overview of the GODAE OceanView prediction systems. C1 [Tonani, Marina] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Balmaseda, Magdalena] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Bertino, Laurent] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Blockley, Ed] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Brassington, Gary] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Davidson, Fraser] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Drillet, Yann] Mercator Ocean, Toulouse, France. [Hogan, Pat] NRL, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Kuragano, Tsurane] JMA, Meteorol Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. [Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mehra, Avichal] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Paranathara, Francis] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, New Delhi, India. [Tanajura, Clemente A. S.] Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Phys, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Wang, Hui] NMEFC, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Tonani, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. EM marina.tonani@metoffice.gov.uk FU European Community [H2020-Adhoc-2014-20]; Italian Project RITMARE, La RIcerca iTaliana per il MARE (MIUR-Progetto Bandiera); UK Ministry of Defence FX Funding support from the European Community's MyOcean Follow On Project (H2020-Adhoc-2014-20 Pre-Operational Marine Service Continuity in transition towards Copernicus), from the Italian Project RITMARE, La RIcerca iTaliana per il MARE (MIUR-Progetto Bandiera 2012-2016) and from the UK Ministry of Defence is gratefully acknowledged. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-876X EI 1755-8778 J9 J OPER OCEANOGR JI J. Oper. Oceanogr. PY 2015 VL 8 SU 2 SI SI BP S201 EP S220 DI 10.1080/1755876X.2015.1049892 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DA9GU UT WOS:000368117800002 ER PT J AU Kato, S Loeb, NG Rutan, DA Rose, FG AF Kato, Seiji Loeb, Norman G. Rutan, David A. Rose, Fred G. TI Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Data Products for Climate Research SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Review DE CERES; radiation budget; climate data ID RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; OF-ATMOSPHERE SHORTWAVE; RESEARCH MOORED ARRAY; ISCCP DATA SETS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; FLUX ESTIMATION; PART I AB NASA's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project integrates CERES, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and geostationary satellite observations to provide top-of-atmosphere (TOA) irradiances derived from broadband radiance observations by CERES instruments. It also uses snow cover and sea ice extent retrieved from microwave instruments as well as thermodynamic variables from reanalysis. In addition, these variables are used for surface and atmospheric irradiance computations. The CERES project provides TOA, surface, and atmospheric irradiances in various spatial and temporal resolutions. These data sets are for climate research and evaluation of climate models. Long-term observations are required to understand how the Earth system responds to radiative forcing. A simple model is used to estimate the time to detect trends in TOA reflected shortwave and emitted longwave irradiances. C1 [Kato, Seiji; Loeb, Norman G.] NASA, Climate Sci Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Rutan, David A.; Rose, Fred G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Richmond, VA USA. RP Kato, S (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM seiji.kato@nasa.gov NR 107 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PY 2015 VL 93 IS 6 BP 597 EP 612 DI 10.2151/jmsj.2015-048 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DA8UI UT WOS:000368081400001 ER PT S AU Angal, A Brinkmann, J Mishra, N Link, D Xiong, XX Helder, D AF Angal, Amit Brinkmann, Jake Mishra, Nischal Link, Daniel Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Helder, Dennis BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Kimura, T TI Cross-calibration of the reflective solar bands of Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus over PICS using different approaches SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next- Generation Satellites XIX CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE ID SITE; PERFORMANCE AB Both Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) have been successfully operating for over 15 years to collect valuable measurements of the earth's land, ocean, and atmosphere. The land-viewing bands of both sensors are widely used in several scientific products such as surface reflectance, normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index etc. A synergistic use of the multi-temporal measurements from both sensors can greatly benefit the science community Previous effort from the MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) was focused on comparing the top-of-atmosphere reflectance of the two sensors over Libya 4 desert target. Uncertainties caused by the site/atmospheric BRDF, spectral response mismatch, and atmospheric water-vapor were also characterized. In parallel, an absolute calibration approach based on empirical observation was also developed for the Libya 4 site by the South Dakota State University's (SDSU) Image Processing Lab. Observations from Terra MODIS and Earth Observing One (EO-1) Hyperion were used to model the Landsat ETM+ TOA reflectance. Recently, there has been an update to the MODIS calibration algorithm, which has resulted in the newly reprocessed Collection 6 Level 1B calibrated products. Similarly, a calibration update to some ETM+ bands has also resulted in long-term improvements of its calibration accuracy. With these updates, calibration differences between the spectrally matching bands of Terra MODIS and L7 ETM+ over the Libya 4 site are evaluated using both approaches. C1 [Angal, Amit; Brinkmann, Jake; Link, Daniel] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Mishra, Nischal; Helder, Dennis] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Angal, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-849-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9639 AR 963911 DI 10.1117/12.2195170 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BE1IL UT WOS:000367945500029 ER PT S AU Durell, C Scharpf, D McKee, G L'Heureux, M Georgiev, G Obein, G Cooksey, C AF Durell, Christopher Scharpf, Dan McKee, Greg L'Heureux, Michelle Georgiev, Georgi Obein, Gael Cooksey, Catherine BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Kimura, T TI Creation and Validation of Sintered PTFE BRDF Targets & Standards SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next- Generation Satellites XIX CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Bi-Directional Reflectance Distribution Function; sintered PTFE BRDF; BRF; lambertian; absolute calibration; reflectance target; reflectance standard; ground truth; vicarious calibration AB Sintered PTFE is an extremely stable, near-perfect Lambertian reflecting diffuser and calibration standard material that has been used by national labs, space, aerospace and commercial sectors for over two decades. New uncertainty targets of 2% on-orbit absolute validation in the Earth Observing Systems community have challenged the industry to improve is characterization and knowledge of almost every aspect of radiometric performance (space and ground). Assuming "near perfect" reflectance for angular dependent measurements is no longer going to suffice for many program needs. The total hemispherical spectral reflectance provides a good mark of general performance; but, without the angular characterization of bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements, critical data is missing from many applications and uncertainty budgets. Therefore, traceable BRDF measurement capability is needed to characterize sintered PTFE's angular response and provide a full uncertainty profile to users. This paper presents preliminary comparison measurements of the BRDF of sintered PTFE from several laboratories to better quantify the BRDF of sintered PTFE, assess the BRDF measurement comparability between laboratories, and improve estimates of measurement uncertainties under laboratory conditions. C1 [Durell, Christopher; Scharpf, Dan; McKee, Greg; L'Heureux, Michelle] Labsphere Inc, North Sutton, NH 03260 USA. [Georgiev, Georgi] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Obein, Gael] CNAM LNE, St Denis, France. [Cooksey, Catherine] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Durell, C (reprint author), Labsphere Inc, North Sutton, NH 03260 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-849-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9639 AR 96391D DI 10.1117/12.2195503 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BE1IL UT WOS:000367945500038 ER PT S AU Link, D Xiong, XX Wang, ZP AF Link, Daniel Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Wang, Zhipeng BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Kimura, T TI Assessment of MODIS on-orbit spatial performance SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next- Generation Satellites XIX CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE MODIS; Terra; Aqua; SRCA; BBR; spatial characterization ID CALIBRATION ASSEMBLY SRCA AB The Terra and Aqua satellites are part of NASA's Earth Observing System and both satellites host a nearly-identical Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Of the 36 MODIS spectral bands mounted among four Focal Plane Assemblies (FPAs) two have a 250 meter spatial resolution at nadir Five bands have a spatial resolution of 500 meters, while the remaining bands make observations at 1 kilometer resolution. MODIS is equipped with a suite of on-board calibrators to track on-orbit changes in key sensor performance parameters. The Spectro-Radiometric Calibration Assembly (SRCA) contains a calibration source that allows on-orbit assessment of MODIS spatial performance, providing information on current band-to-band registration (BBR), FPA-to-FPA registration (FFR), detector-to-detector registration (DDR), modulation transfer function (MTF), and instantaneous field-of-view (IFOV). In this paper, we present the methodology of the on-orbit spatial calibrations using SRCA and the results of these key spatial parameters. The MODIS spatial characteristics, measured on-orbit, are compared against design specifications and pre-launch measurements. C1 [Link, Daniel; Wang, Zhipeng] SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Link, D (reprint author), SSAI, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. OI Wang, Zhipeng/0000-0002-9108-9009 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-849-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9639 AR 963910 DI 10.1117/12.2194114 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BE1IL UT WOS:000367945500028 ER PT S AU Madhavan, S Wu, AS Brinkmann, J Wenny, B Xiong, XX AF Madhavan, Sriharsha Wu, Aisheng Brinkmann, Jake Wenny, Brian Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Kimura, T TI Evaluation of VIIRS and MODIS Thermal Emissive Band Calibration Consistency Using Dome C SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next- Generation Satellites XIX CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE VIIRS; MODIS; TEB; calibration; Dome C ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE; TERRA AB The S-NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument is designed based on MODIS heritage and uses a similar on-board calibrating source - a V-grooved blackbody for the Thermal Emissive Bands (TEBs). Except for the 10.7-mu m band, the central wavelengths of the rest of the VIIRS TEBs match well with MODIS. To ensure the continuity and consistency of data records between VIIRS and MODIS TEBs, it is important to assess any systematic differences between the two instruments for scenes with temperatures significantly lower than the blackbody operating temperatures at similar to 290 K. In previous studies, the MODIS Calibration and Characterization Support Team (MCST) at NASA/GSFC uses recurrent observations of Dome C, Antarctica by both Terra and Aqua MODIS over the mission lifetime to track their calibration stability and consistency. Near-surface temperature measurements from an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) provide a proxy reference useful for tracking the stability and determining the relative bias between the two MODIS instruments. In this study, the same approach is applied to VIIRS TEBs and the results are compared with those from the matched MODIS TEBs. The results of this study provide a quantitative assessment for VIIRS TEBs performance over the first three years of the mission. C1 [Madhavan, Sriharsha; Wu, Aisheng; Brinkmann, Jake; Wenny, Brian] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Madhavan, S (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-849-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9639 AR 963913 DI 10.1117/12.2196389 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BE1IL UT WOS:000367945500031 ER PT S AU Markham, BL Barsi, JA Morfitt, R Choate, M Montanaro, M Arvidson, T Irons, JR AF Markham, Brian L. Barsi, Julia A. Morfitt, Ron Choate, Mike Montanaro, Matt Arvidson, Terry Irons, James R. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Kimura, T TI Landsat 8: Status and On-Orbit Performance SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next- Generation Satellites XIX CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Landsat; TIRS; OLI; radiometry; geometry AB Landsat 8 and its two Earth imaging sensors, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) have been operating on-orbit for 2 1/2 years. Landsat 8 has been acquiring substantially more images than initially planned, typically around 700 scenes per day versus a 400 scenes per day requirement, acquiring nearly all land scenes. Both the TIRS and OLI instruments are exceeding their SNR requirements by at least a factor of 2 and are very stable, degrading by at most 1% in responsivity over the mission to date. Both instruments have 100% operable detectors covering their cross track field of view using the redundant detectors as necessary. The geometric performance is excellent, meeting or exceeding all performance requirements. One anomaly occurred with the TIRS Scene Select Mirror (SSM) encoder that affected its operation, though by switching to the side B electronics, this was fully recovered. The one challenge is with the TIRS stray light, which affects the flat fielding and absolute calibration of the TIRS data. The error introduced is smaller in TIRS band 10. Band 11 should not currently be used in science applications. C1 [Markham, Brian L.; Irons, James R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barsi, Julia A.] SSAI, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morfitt, Ron; Choate, Mike] US Geol Survey, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Choate, Mike] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Montanaro, Matt] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Arvidson, Terry] Lockheed Martin, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Markham, BL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-849-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9639 AR 963908 DI 10.1117/12.2194905 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BE1IL UT WOS:000367945500006 ER PT S AU Neeck, SP AF Neeck, Steven P. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Kimura, T TI The NASA Earth Science Flight Program - An Update SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next- Generation Satellites XIX CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE AB Earth's changing environment impacts every aspect of life on our planet and climate change has profound implications on society. Studying Earth as a single complex system is essential to understanding the causes and consequences of climate change and other global environmental concerns. NASA's Earth Science Division (ESD) shapes an interdisciplinary view of Earth, exploring interactions among the atmosphere, oceans, ice sheets, land surface interior, and life itself. This enables scientists to measure global and climate changes and to inform decisions by government, other organizations, and people in the United States and around the world. The data collected and results generated are accessible to other agencies and organizations to improve the products and services they provide, including air quality indices, disaster prediction and response, agricultural yield projections, and aviation safety. ESD's Flight Program provides the space based observing systems and infrastructure for mission operations and scientific data processing and distribution that support NASA's Earth science research and modeling activities. The Flight Program currently has 21 operating Earth observing space missions, including the recently launched Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, and the International Space Station (ISS) RapidSCAT and Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) instruments. The ESD has 22 more missions and instruments planned for launch over the next decade. These include first and second tier missions from the 2007 Earth Science Decadal Survey, Climate Continuity missions and selected instruments to assure availability of key climate data sets, operational missions to ensure sustained land imaging provided by the Landsat system, and small-sized competitively selected orbital missions and instrument missions of opportunity belonging to the Earth Venture (EV) Program. Some examples are the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR), Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT), ICESat-2, SAGE III on ISS, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow On (GRACE FO), Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution ('IEMPO), Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS), and Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Lidar missions. An overview of plans and current status will be presented. C1 [Neeck, Steven P.] NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Neeck, SP (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-849-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9639 AR 963907 DI 10.1117/12.2199919 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BE1IL UT WOS:000367945500005 ER PT S AU Shankar, M Priestley, K Smith, N Smith, N Thomas, S Walikainen, D AF Shankar, Mohan Priestley, Kory Smith, Nathaniel Smith, Nitchie Thomas, Susan Walikainen, Dale BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Kimura, T TI Radiometric calibration and performance trends of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Instrument Sensors onboard the Aqua and Terra Spacecraft SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next- Generation Satellites XIX CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE CERES; radiometric calibration; earth radiation budget; remote sensing ID RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION AB The Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments help to study the impact of clouds on the earth's radiation budget. There are currently five instruments- two each on board Aqua and Terra spacecraft and one on the Suomi NPP spacecraft to measure the earth's reflected shortwave and emitted longwave energy, which represent two components of the earth's radiation energy budget. Flight Models (FM) 1 and 2 are on Terra, FM 3 and 4 are on Aqua, and FM5 is on Suomi NPP. The measurements are made by three sensors on each instrument: a shortwave sensor that measures the 0.3-5 microns wavelength band, a window sensor that measures the water vapor window between 8-12 microns, and a total sensor that measures all incident energy (0.3- >100 microns). The required accuracy of CERES measurements of 0.5% in the longwave and 1% in the shortwave is achieved through an extensive pre-launch ground calibration campaign as well as on-orbit calibration and validation activities. On-orbit calibration is carried out using the Internal Calibration Module (ICM) that consists of a tungsten lamp, blackbodies, and a solar diffuser known as the Mirror Attenuator Mosaic (MAM). The ICM calibration provides information about the stability of the sensors' broadband radiometric gains on-orbit. Several validation studies are conducted in order to monitor the behavior of the instruments in various spectral bands. The CERES Edition-4 data products for the FM1-FM4 instruments incorporate the latest calibration methodologies to improve on the Edition-3 data products. In this paper, we discuss the updated calibration methodology and present some validation studies to demonstrate the improvement in the trends using the CERES Edition-4 data products for all four instruments. C1 [Shankar, Mohan; Smith, Nathaniel; Smith, Nitchie; Thomas, Susan; Walikainen, Dale] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Priestley, Kory] NASA, Langley Res Ctr LaRC, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Shankar, M (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 1 Enterprise Pkwy,Ste 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-849-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9639 AR 963915 DI 10.1117/12.2194468 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BE1IL UT WOS:000367945500033 ER PT S AU Shao, X Cao, CY Liu, TC Zhang, B Wang, WH Fung, SF AF Shao, Xi Cao, Changyong Liu, Tung-chang Zhang, Bin Wang, Wenhui Fung, Shing F. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Kimura, T TI Auroral Activities Observed by SNPP VIIRS Day/Night Band during a Long Period Geomagnetic Storm Event on April 29-30, 2014 SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next- Generation Satellites XIX CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE VIIRS DNB; Stray light Correction; Geomagnetic storm; Aurora; nighttime imaging; AE index ID LIGHT; SATELLITE AB The Day/Night Band (DNB) of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard Suomi-NPP represents a major advancement in night time imaging capabilities. The DNB senses radiance that can span 7 orders of magnitude in one panchromatic (0.5-0.9 am) reflective solar band and provides imagery of clouds and other Earth features over illumination levels ranging from full sunlight to quarter moon. When the satellite passes through the day-night terminator, the DNB sensor is affected by stray light due to solar illumination on the instrument. With the implementation of stray light correction, stray light-corrected DNB images enable the observation of aurora occurred in the high latitude regions during geomagnetic storms. In this paper, DNB observations of auroral activities are analyzed during a long period (>20 hours) of geomagnetic storm event occurred on Apr. 29-30, 2014. The storm event has the B, component of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) pointing southward for more than 20 hours. During this event, the geomagnetic storm index Dst reached -67 nT and the geomagnetic auroral electrojet (AE) index increased and reached as high as 1200 nT with large amplitude fluctuations. The event occurred during new moon period and DNB observation has minimum moon light contamination. During this event, auroras are observed by DNB for each orbital pass on the night side (similar to local time 1:30am) in the southern hemisphere. DNB radiance data are processed to identify regions of aurora during each orbital pass. The evolution of aurora is characterized with time series of the poleward and equatorward boundary of aurora, area, peak radiance and total light emission of the aurora in DNB observation. These characteristic parameters are correlated with solar wind and geomagnetic index parameters. It is found that the evolution of total area-integrated radiance of auroral region over the southern hemisphere correlated well with the ground geomagnetic AE index with correlation coefficient = 0.71. DNB observations of aurora help understand the relations among solar wind variation, auroral activities and geomagnetic responses. C1 [Shao, Xi; Liu, Tung-chang; Zhang, Bin] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Wang, Wenhui] Earth Resource Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Fung, Shing F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geospace Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Shao, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Wang, Wenhui/D-3240-2012; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-849-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9639 AR 963921 DI 10.1117/12.2193911 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BE1IL UT WOS:000367945500055 ER PT S AU Wagner, SC Hewison, T Stone, T Lacherade, S Fougnie, B Xiong, X AF Wagner, S. C. Hewison, T. Stone, T. Lacherade, S. Fougnie, B. Xiong, X. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Kimura, T TI A summary of the joint GSICS -CEOS/IVOS lunar calibration workshop: moving towards intercalibration using the Moon as a transfer target SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next- Generation Satellites XIX CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Lunar calibration; ROLO; GIRO; GSICS; CEOS IVOS; calibration reference; traceability AB In December 2014 experts from 14 different agencies and departments attended the joint GSICS - CEOS/IVOS Lunar Calibration Workshop meeting organised by EUMETSAT in collaboration with USGS, CNES and NASA. Altogether, this represents potentially more than 25 instruments capable of observing the Moon. The main objectives of the workshop were i) to work across agencies with the GSICS Implementation of the ROLO model (GIRO) - a common and validated implementation of the USGS lunar radiometric reference, ii) to share knowledge and expertise on lunar calibration and iii) to generate for the first time a reference dataset that could be used for validation and comparisons. This lunar calibration community endorsed the GIRO to be the established publicly available reference for lunar calibration, directly traceable to the USGS ROLO model. However, further effort is required to reach inter-calibration between instruments, in particular for each instrument team to accurately estimate the over-sampling factor for their images of the Moon. A way to develop a cross-calibration algorithm and GSICS inter-calibration products is proposed. This includes key issues of fixing the GIRO calibration to an absolute scale, addressing spectral differences between instruments, and improving the existing calibration reference, which translates into future updates of the GIRO. The availability of extensive Moon observation datasets will help to further improve this reference and is expected to grow with the availability of additional lunar observations from past, current and future missions. All participants agreed on EUMETSAT pursuing its efforts in developing and maintaining the GIRO in collaboration with USGS to ensure traceability to the reference ROLO model. C1 [Wagner, S. C.; Hewison, T.] EUMETSAT, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Stone, T.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lacherade, S.; Fougnie, B.] CNES, F-31401 Toulouse, France. [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wagner, SC (reprint author), EUMETSAT, Eumetsat Allee 1, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-849-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9639 AR 96390Z DI 10.1117/12.2193161 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BE1IL UT WOS:000367945500027 ER PT S AU Wu, AS Geng, X Wald, A Angal, A Xiong, XX AF Wu, Aisheng Geng, Xu Wald, Andrew Angal, Amit Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Kimura, T TI Tracking Terra MODIS on-orbit Polarization Sensitivity Using Pseudo-Invariant Desert Sites SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next- Generation Satellites XIX CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE MODIS; polarization; reflective solar bands; calibration ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER AB The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is currently flying on NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua satellites, launched in 1999 and 2002, respectively. MODIS reflective solar bands (RSB) in the visible wavelength range are known to be sensitive to polarized light based on prelaunch polarization sensitivity tests. The polarization impact is dependent on scan angle and mirror side. After about five years of on-orbit operation, it is found that a few shortest-wavelength bands of Terra MODIS show increased polarization sensitivity. In this study, we examine the impact of polarization on measured top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectances over pseudo-invariant desert sites. The standard polarization correction equation is used in combination with simulated at-sensor radiances by the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (65V), Vector Radiative Transfer Code. Key Mueller matrix elements describing the polarization and gain correction of these bands are derived over the mission lifetime. Results indicate that the polarization sensitivity increases with scan mirror's angle of incidence (A0I) and relatively large impact is observed from mirror side 2. At the end of 2009, it reaches a peak at approximately 30% at 0.41 mu m and stabilizes since then. C1 [Wu, Aisheng; Geng, Xu; Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Wald, Andrew] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wu, AS (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-849-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9639 AR 963914 DI 10.1117/12.2196473 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BE1IL UT WOS:000367945500032 ER PT S AU Xiong, XX Lacherade, S Aznay, O Fougnie, B Fulbright, J Wang, ZP AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong Lacherade, Sophie Aznay, Ouahid Fougnie, Bertrand Fulbright, Jon Wang, Zhipeng BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Kimura, T TI Comparison of S-NPP VIIRS and PLEIADES Lunar Observations SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next- Generation Satellites XIX CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE VIIRS; PLEIADES; sensor; Moon; calibration; lunar model; ROLO; POLO ID CALIBRATION; MOON AB The first VIIRS instrument was launched on-board the S-NPP satellite in October 2011. It has a total of 15 reflective solar bands (RSB), which include a day-night band (DNB). The VIIRS RSB are calibrated each orbit by an on-board solar diffuser and regularly scheduled lunar observations. With a few exceptions, regularly scheduled lunar observations have been made with the same phase angles from -51.5 degrees to -50.5 degrees. The PLEIADES system consists of two satellites, PLEIADES-1A and PLEIADES-1B, which were launched in December of 2011 and December of 2012, respectively. Each instrument has 5 RSB: four (blue, green, red and near-infrared) bands with a 2.8 m spatial resolution and one panchromatic band with a 70 cm vertical viewing resolution. PLEIADES RSB are calibrated using observations of Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS) and the Moon. Both PLEIADES-1A and PLEIADES-1B lunar observations have been made over a wide range of phase angles. In this paper we provide an overview of S-NPP VIIRS and PLEIADES lunar observations and an analysis to qualify their lunar calibration differences. Results derived from different inter-comparison methodologies (or approaches) are illustrated. Also discussed in this paper are the challenging issues, lessons, and future effort to further improve sensor lunar calibration inter-comparisons. C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lacherade, Sophie; Fougnie, Bertrand] CNES, DCT SI MO, F-31000 Toulouse, France. [Aznay, Ouahid] CS Informat Syst, F-31506 Toulouse, France. [Fulbright, Jon; Wang, Zhipeng] Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Wang, Zhipeng/0000-0002-9108-9009 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-849-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9639 AR 96390Y DI 10.1117/12.2193158 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BE1IL UT WOS:000367945500026 ER PT S AU Joshi, KD Cooper, L AF Joshi, K. D. Cooper, Lynne BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Introduction to the Minitrack on Knowledge Flows: Knowledge Transfer, Sharing and Exchange in Organizations SO 2015 48TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2015 CL Kauai, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Univ Hawaii, Dept EE, Univ Hawaii, Informat Sci Program, ONR, AFOSR, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Syst Sci & Cybernet Soc, ACM, SIAM, IEEE Hawaii Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE Grp Informat Theory, IEEE Grp Automat Control, ARO, Reg Med Program Hawaii, Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm, Nasdaq AB This short paper serves to introduce the minitrack on knowledge flows and to summarize its constituent proceedings articles. C1 [Joshi, K. D.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cooper, Lynne] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Joshi, KD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM joshi@wsu.edu; lynne.p.cooper@jpl.nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4799-7367-5 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2015 BP 3850 EP 3850 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2015.660 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE0LK UT WOS:000366264103117 ER PT J AU Barahona, D AF Barahona, D. TI Thermodynamic derivation of the activation energy for ice nucleation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED WATER; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LIQUID WATER; DROPLETS; MODEL; CIRRUS; CRYSTALLIZATION; PARAMETERIZATION; CONDENSATION AB Cirrus clouds play a key role in the radiative and hydrological balance of the upper troposphere. Their correct representation in atmospheric models requires an understanding of the microscopic processes leading to ice nucleation. A key parameter in the theoretical description of ice nucleation is the activation energy, which controls the flux of water molecules from the bulk of the liquid to the solid during the early stages of ice formation. In most studies it is estimated by direct association with the bulk properties of water, typically viscosity and self-diffusivity. As the environment in the ice-liquid interface may differ from that of the bulk, this approach may introduce bias in calculated nucleation rates. In this work a theoretical model is proposed to describe the transfer of water molecules across the ice-liquid interface. Within this framework the activation energy naturally emerges from the combination of the energy required to break hydrogen bonds in the liquid, i.e., the bulk diffusion process, and the work dissipated from the molecular rearrangement of water molecules within the ice-liquid interface. The new expression is introduced into a generalized form of classical nucleation theory. Even though no nucleation rate measurements are used to fit any of the parameters of the theory the predicted nucleation rate is in good agreement with experimental results, even at temperature as low as 190 K, where it tends to be underestimated by most models. It is shown that the activation energy has a strong dependency on temperature and a weak dependency on water activity. Such dependencies are masked by thermodynamic effects at temperatures typical of homogeneous freezing of cloud droplets; however, they may affect the formation of ice in haze aerosol particles. The new model provides an independent estimation of the activation energy and the homogeneous ice nucleation rate, and it may help to improve the interpretation of experimental results and the development of parameterizations for cloud formation. C1 [Barahona, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barahona, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM donifan.o.barahona@nasa.gov FU NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program [WBS 802678.02.17.01.25] FX Donifan Barahona was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program under WBS 802678.02.17.01.25. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 24 BP 13819 EP 13831 DI 10.5194/acp-15-13819-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ8YE UT WOS:000367384200001 ER PT J AU Wu, L Su, H Fovell, RG Dunkerton, TJ Wang, Z Kahn, BH AF Wu, L. Su, H. Fovell, R. G. Dunkerton, T. J. Wang, Z. Kahn, B. H. TI Impact of environmental moisture on tropical cyclone intensification SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE CRITICAL LAYER; AMBIENT MOISTURE; PART II; DRY AIR; INTENSITY; SIMULATIONS; ATLANTIC; PARAMETERIZATION; FORECASTS AB The impacts of environmental moisture on the intensification of a tropical cyclone (TC) are investigated in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, with a focus on the azimuthal asymmetry of the moisture impacts relative to the storm path. A series of sensitivity experiments with varying moisture perturbations in the environment are conducted and the Marsupial Paradigm framework is employed to understand the different moisture impacts. We find that modification of environmental moisture has insignificant impacts on the storm in this case unless it leads to convective activity that deforms the quasi-Lagrangian boundary of the storm and changes the moisture transport into the storm. By facilitating convection and precipitation outside the storm, enhanced environmental moisture ahead of the northwestward-moving storm induces a dry air intrusion to the inner core and limits TC intensification. In contrast, increased moisture in the rear quadrants favors intensification by providing more moisture to the inner core and promoting storm symmetry, with primary contributions coming from moisture increase in the boundary layer. The different impacts of environmental moisture on TC intensification are governed by the relative locations of moisture perturbations and their interactions with the storm Lagrangian structure. C1 [Wu, L.; Su, H.; Kahn, B. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wu, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Fovell, R. G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Dunkerton, T. J.] NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA. [Wang, Z.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. RP Wu, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM longtao.wu@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Hurricane Science Research Program; National Science Foundation [AGS-1118429] FX The work is conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The authors thank the funding support from the NASA Hurricane Science Research Program. Wang was supported by National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1118429. Helpful comments from Mark Boothe, Shuyi Chen and two anonymous reviewers are appreciated. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 24 BP 14041 EP 14053 DI 10.5194/acp-15-14041-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ8YE UT WOS:000367384200012 ER PT J AU Shephard, MW McLinden, CA Cady-Pereira, KE Luo, M Moussa, SG Leithead, A Liggio, J Staebler, RM Akingunola, A Makar, P Lehr, P Zhang, J Henze, DK Millet, DB Bash, JO Zhu, L Wells, KC Capps, SL Chaliyakunnel, S Gordon, M Hayden, K Brook, JR Wolde, M Li, SM AF Shephard, M. W. McLinden, C. A. Cady-Pereira, K. E. Luo, M. Moussa, S. G. Leithead, A. Liggio, J. Staebler, R. M. Akingunola, A. Makar, P. Lehr, P. Zhang, J. Henze, D. K. Millet, D. B. Bash, J. O. Zhu, L. Wells, K. C. Capps, S. L. Chaliyakunnel, S. Gordon, M. Hayden, K. Brook, J. R. Wolde, M. Li, S. -M. TI Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite observations of ammonia, methanol, formic acid, and carbon monoxide over the Canadian oil sands: validation and model evaluation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETER; BIOMASS BURNING PLUMES; ACETIC-ACIDS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANOL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONS; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; DAILY MORTALITY AB The wealth of air quality information provided by satellite infrared observations of ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), formic acid (HCOOH), and methanol (CH3OH) is currently being explored and used for a number of applications, especially at regional or global scales. These applications include air quality monitoring, trend analysis, emissions, and model evaluation. This study provides one of the first direct validations of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite-retrieved profiles of NH3, CH3OH, and HCOOH through comparisons with coincident aircraft profiles. The comparisons are performed over the Canadian oil sands region during the intensive field campaign (August-September, 2013) in support of the Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring (JOSM). The satellite/aircraft comparisons over this region during this period produced errors of (i) +0.08 +/- 0.25 ppbv for NH3, (ii) +7.5 +/- 23 ppbv for CO, (iii) +0.19 +/- 0.46 ppbv for HCOOH, and (iv) 1.1 +/- 0.39 ppbv for CH3OH. These values mostly agree with previously estimated retrieval errors; however, the relatively large negative bias in CH3OH and the significantly greater positive bias for larger HCOOH and CO values observed during this study warrant further investigation. Satellite and aircraft ammonia observations during the field campaign are also used in an initial effort to perform preliminary evaluations of Environment Canada's Global Environmental Multi-scale-Modelling Air quality and CHemistry (GEM-MACH) air quality modelling system at high resolution (2.5 +/- 2.5 km(2). These initial results indicate a model underprediction of similar to 0.6 ppbv (similar to 60 %) for NH3, during the field campaign period. The TES/model CO comparison differences are similar to+20 ppbv (similar to +20 %), but given that under these conditions the TES/aircraft comparisons also show a small positive TES CO bias indicates that the overall model underprediction of CO is closer to similar to 10% at 681 hPa (similar to 3 km) during this period. C1 [Shephard, M. W.; McLinden, C. A.; Moussa, S. G.; Leithead, A.; Liggio, J.; Staebler, R. M.; Akingunola, A.; Makar, P.; Lehr, P.; Zhang, J.; Gordon, M.; Hayden, K.; Brook, J. R.; Li, S. -M.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Cady-Pereira, K. E.] AER, Lexington, MA USA. [Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Henze, D. K.; Capps, S. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Millet, D. B.; Wells, K. C.; Chaliyakunnel, S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bash, J. O.; Capps, S. L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhu, L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gordon, M.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Wolde, M.] Natl Res Council NRC Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Shephard, MW (reprint author), Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM mark.shephard@ec.gc.ca RI Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Capps, Shannon/E-5602-2017 OI Capps, Shannon/0000-0002-6872-6604 FU NSF [1148951]; Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring; Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA); NASA ACMAP [NNX10AG63G] FX We would like to thank Susan S. Kulawik for helping provide us with the original updated TES version 6 lite files and Craig Stroud for his helpful discussions and support with the back-trajectory analysis. We would like to acknowledge other members of the aircraft team for their contributions to the airborne measurements used to validate the satellite observations, in particular Andrew Budden, Stewart Cober, Andrea Darlington, Andrew Elford, Anthony Liu, Peter Liu, Aaron McCay, Robert McLaren, Bill McMurty, Richard L. Mittermeier, Julie Narayan, Jason O'Brien, Andrew Sheppard, Ka Sung, Danny Wang, Mohammad Wasey, and the National Research Council Flight Research Laboratory team. We would also like thank the other members of the oil sands modelling working group for their insights on the initial GEM-MACH ammonia simulations over the oil sands region, in particular Michael Moran. Work at the University of Minnesota was supported by NSF (grant no. 1148951). Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy. This study was supported in part by the Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring, the Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA), and NASA ACMAP (grant no. NNX10AG63G). NR 113 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 5189 EP 5211 DI 10.5194/amt-8-5189-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ8YI UT WOS:000367384600011 ER PT J AU von Savigny, C Ernst, F Rozanov, A Hommel, R Eichmann, KU Rozanov, V Burrows, JP Thomason, LW AF von Savigny, C. Ernst, F. Rozanov, A. Hommel, R. Eichmann, K. -U. Rozanov, V. Burrows, J. P. Thomason, L. W. TI Improved stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles from SCIAMACHY: validation and sample results SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SAGE-II MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LIFE-CYCLE; CLIMATE; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; LAYER; PINATUBO; SULFUR AB Stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles have been retrieved from SCIAMACHY/Envisat measurements of limb-scattered solar radiation. The retrieval is an improved version of an algorithm presented earlier. The retrieved aerosol extinction profiles are compared to co-located aerosol profile measurements from the SAGE II solar occultation instrument at a wavelength of 525 nm. Comparisons were carried out with two versions of the SAGE II data set (version 6.2 and the new version 7.0). In a global average sense the SCIAMACHY and the SAGE II version 7.0 extinction profiles agree to within about 10% for altitudes above 15 km. Larger relative differences (up to 40 %) are observed at specific latitudes and altitudes. We also find differences between the two SAGE II data versions of up to 40% for specific latitudes and altitudes, consistent with earlier reports. Sample results on the latitudinal and temporal variability of stratospheric aerosol extinction and optical depth during the SCIAMACHY mission period are presented. The results confirm earlier reports that a series of volcanic eruptions is responsible for the increase in stratospheric aerosol optical depth from 2002 to 2012. Above about an altitude of 28 km, volcanic eruptions are found to have negligible impact in the period 2002-2012. C1 [von Savigny, C.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany. [Ernst, F.; Rozanov, A.; Hommel, R.; Eichmann, K. -U.; Rozanov, V.; Burrows, J. P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys Remote Sensing, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Thomason, L. W.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP von Savigny, C (reprint author), Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, Felix Hausdorff Str 6, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany. EM csavigny@physik.uni-greifswald.de RI von Savigny, Christian/B-3910-2014; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; OI Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Thomason, Larry/0000-0002-1902-0840 FU German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the project ROMIC-ROSA [01LG1212A, 01LG1212B]; ESA SPIN; DLR (German Aerospace); Institute of Remote Sensing of the University of Bremen; Institute of Physics of Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald FX This work was in part supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the project ROMIC-ROSA (grants 01LG1212A and 01LG1212B). This study was made possible by some funding from the ESA SPIN project and the DLR (German Aerospace) funding for SCIAMACHY. Similarly, this study would not have been possible without the base funding of the Institute of Remote Sensing of the University of Bremen and the Institute of Physics of Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald. SCIAMACHY is jointly funded by Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. We are also indebted to ESA for providing the SCIAMACHY Level 1 data used in this study. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 5223 EP 5235 DI 10.5194/amt-8-5223-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ8YI UT WOS:000367384600013 ER PT J AU Jakel, E Mey, B Levy, R Gu, X Yu, T Li, Z Althausen, D Heese, B Wendisch, M AF Jaekel, E. Mey, B. Levy, R. Gu, X. Yu, T. Li, Z. Althausen, D. Heese, B. Wendisch, M. TI Adaption of the MODIS aerosol retrieval algorithm using airborne spectral surface reflectance measurements over urban areas: a case study SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK CARBON; ALBEDO; LAND; MEGACITIES; POLLUTION; PRODUCTS; CLIMATE; DUST AB MODIS (MOderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are biased over urban areas, primarily because the reflectance characteristics of urban surfaces are different than that assumed by the retrieval algorithm. Specifically, the operational "dark-target" retrieval is tuned towards vegetated (dark) surfaces and assumes a spectral relationship to estimate the surface reflectance in blue and red wavelengths. From airborne measurements of surface reflectance over the city of Zhongshan, China, were collected that could replace the assumptions within the MODIS retrieval algorithm. The subsequent impact was tested upon two versions of the operational algorithm, Collections 5 and 6 (C5 and C6). AOD retrieval results of the operational and modified algorithms were compared for a specific case study over Zhongshan to show minor differences between them all. However, the Zhongshan-based spectral surface relationship was applied to a much larger urban sample, specifically to the MODIS data taken over Beijing between 2010 and 2014. These results were compared directly to ground-based AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) measurements of AOD. A significant reduction of the differences between the AOD retrieved by the modified algorithms and AERONET was found, whereby the mean difference decreased from 0.27 +/- 0.14 for the operational C5 and 0.19 +/- 0.12 for the operational C6 to 0.10 +/- 0.15 and -0.02 +/- 0.17 by using the modified C5 and C6 retrievals. Since the modified algorithms assume a higher contribution by the surface to the total measured reflectance from MODIS, consequently the overestimation of AOD by the operational methods is reduced. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the MODIS AOD retrieval with respect to different surface types was investigated. Radiative transfer simulations were performed to model reflectances at top of atmosphere for predefined aerosol properties. The reflectance data were used as input for the retrieval methods. It was shown that the operational MODIS AOD retrieval over land reproduces the AOD reference input of 0.85 for dark surface types (retrieved AOD = 0.87 (C5)). An overestimation of AOD = 0.99 is found for urban surfaces, whereas the modified C5 algorithm shows a good performance with a retrieved value of AOD = 0.86. C1 [Jaekel, E.; Mey, B.; Wendisch, M.] Univ Leipzig, Leipzig Inst Meteorol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Mey, B.] Fraunhofer Inst Wind Energy & Energy Syst Technol, D-34119 Kassel, Germany. [Levy, R.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gu, X.; Yu, T.; Li, Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Althausen, D.; Heese, B.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. RP Jakel, E (reprint author), Univ Leipzig, Leipzig Inst Meteorol, Stephanstr 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. EM e.jaekel@uni-leipzig.de RI Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013; Wendisch, Manfred/E-4175-2013; OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303; Wendisch, Manfred/0000-0002-4652-5561; Li, Zhengqiang/0000-0002-7795-3630 FU German Research Foundation (DFG) [WE 1900/16-2, SPP 1233, JA2023/2-2] FX This work was conducted within the scope of the German Research Foundation (DFG) priority program SPP 1233 "Megacities Megachallenge - Informal Dynamics of Global Change" (WE 1900/16-2). This research was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, JA2023/2-2). We thank our cooperation partners of the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth for providing the possibility to join their airborne field experiment in Zhongshan. Furthermore, we thank Hong-Bin Chen and Philippe Goloub for their effort in establishing and maintaining the Beijing AERONET site. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 5237 EP 5249 DI 10.5194/amt-8-5237-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ8YI UT WOS:000367384600014 ER PT J AU Laeng, A Plieninger, J von Clarmann, T Grabowski, U Stiller, G Eckert, E Glatthor, N Haenel, F Kellmann, S Kiefer, M Linden, A Lossow, S Deaver, L Engel, A Hervig, M Levin, I McHugh, M Noel, S Toon, G Walker, K AF Laeng, A. Plieninger, J. von Clarmann, T. Grabowski, U. Stiller, G. Eckert, E. Glatthor, N. Haenel, F. Kellmann, S. Kiefer, M. Linden, A. Lossow, S. Deaver, L. Engel, A. Hervig, M. Levin, I. McHugh, M. Noel, S. Toon, G. Walker, K. TI Validation of MIPAS IMK/IAA methane profiles SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WINTER STRATOSPHERE; SOLAR OCCULTATION; TRACE GASES; TEMPERATURE; UARS; RESOLUTION; H2O; CH4 AB The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) is an infrared (IR) limb emission spectrometer on the Envisat platform. It measures trace gas distributions during day and night, pole-to-pole, over an altitude range from 6 to 70 km in nominal mode and up to 170 km in special modes, depending on the measurement mode, producing more than 1000 profiles day(-1). We present the results of a validation study of methane, version V5R_CH4_222, retrieved with the IMK/IAA (Institut fur Meteorologie und Klimaforschung,Karlsruhe/Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Grenada) MIPAS scientific level 2 processor. The level 1 spectra are provided by the ESA (European Space Agency) and version 5 was used. The time period covered is 2005-2012, which corresponds to the period when MIPAS measured trace gas distributions at a reduced spectral resolution of 0.0625 cm(-1). The comparison with satellite instruments includes the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) and the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). Furthermore, comparisons with MkIV balloon-borne solar occultation measurements and with air sampling measurements performed by the University of Frankfurt are presented. The validation activities include bias determination, assessment of stability, precision validation, analysis of histograms and comparison of corresponding climatologies. Above 50 km altitude, MIPAS methane mixing ratios agree within 3% with ACE-FTS and SOFIE. Between 30 and 40 km an agreement within 3% with SCIAMACHY has been found. In the middle stratosphere, there is no clear indication of a MIPAS bias since comparisons with various instruments contradict each other. In the lower stratosphere (below 25 km) MIPAS CH4 is biased high with respect to satellite instruments, and the most likely estimate of this bias is 14 %. However, in the comparison with CH4 data obtained from cryogenic whole-air sampler (cryosampler) measurements, there is no evidence of a high bias in MIPAS between 20 and 25 km altitude. Precision validation is performed on collocated MIPAS-MIPAS pairs and suggests a slight underestimation of its uncertainties by a factor of 1.2. No significant evidence of an instrumental drift has been found. C1 [Laeng, A.; Plieninger, J.; von Clarmann, T.; Grabowski, U.; Stiller, G.; Eckert, E.; Glatthor, N.; Haenel, F.; Kellmann, S.; Kiefer, M.; Linden, A.; Lossow, S.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmosphare & Umwelt, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Deaver, L.; Hervig, M.; McHugh, M.] GATS Inc, Driggs, ID USA. [Noel, S.] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Toon, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Walker, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Levin, I.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Laeng, A (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM alexandra.laeng@kit.edu RI Engel, Andreas/E-3100-2014 OI Engel, Andreas/0000-0003-0557-3935 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Canadian Space Agency; NASA FX We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.; The first author is grateful to Viktoria Sofieva for numerous helpful conversations. This work was performed in the framework of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Greenhouse Gases Project. MIPAS level 1 data are provided by the European Space Agency. The ACE mission is supported primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. Part of this research was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We thank the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF) for performing the launches of the JPL MkIV instrument. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 5251 EP 5261 DI 10.5194/amt-8-5251-2015 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ8YI UT WOS:000367384600015 ER PT J AU Sayer, AM Hsu, NC Bettenhausen, C AF Sayer, A. M. Hsu, N. C. Bettenhausen, C. TI Implications of MODIS bow-tie distortion on aerosol optical depth retrievals, and techniques for mitigation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LAND; RESOLUTION; OCEANS; REFLECTANCE; RADIANCES; PRODUCTS; REGIONS AB The scan geometry of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors, combined with the Earth's curvature, results in a pixel shape distortion known as the "bow-tie effect". Specifically, sensor pixels near the edge of the swath are elongated along-track and across-track compared to pixels near the centre of the swath, resulting in an increase of pixel area by up to a factor of similar to 9 and, additionally, the overlap of pixels acquired from consecutive scans. The Deep Blue and Dark Target aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval algorithms aggregate sensor pixels and provide level 2 (L2) AOD at a nominal horizontal pixel size of 10 km, but the bow-tie distortion means that they also suffer from this size increase and overlap. This means that the spatial characteristics of the data vary as a function of satellite viewing zenith angle (VZA) and, for VZA > 30 degrees, corresponding to approximately 50% of the data, are areally enlarged by a factor of 50% or more compared to this nominal pixel area and are not spatially independent of each other. This has implications for retrieval uncertainty and aggregated statistics, causing a narrowing of AOD distributions near the edge of the swath, as well as for data comparability from the application of similar algorithms to sensors without this level of bow-tie distortion. Additionally, the pixel overlap is not obvious to users of the L2 aerosol products because only pixel centres, not boundaries, are provided within the L2 products. A two-step procedure is proposed to mitigate the effects of this distortion on the MODIS aerosol products. The first (simple) step involves changing the order in which pixels are aggregated in L2 processing to reflect geographical location rather than scan order, which removes the bulk of the overlap between L2 pixels and slows the rate of growth of L2 pixel size vs. VZA. This can be achieved without significant changes to existing MODIS processing algorithms. The second step involves additionally changing the number of sensor pixels aggregated across-track as a function of VZA, which preserves L2 pixel size at around 10 km x 10 km across the whole swath but would require algorithmic quality assurance tests to be re-evaluated. Both of these steps also improve the extent to which the pixel locations a user would infer from the L2 data products represent the actual spatial extent of the L2 pixels. C1 [Sayer, A. M.; Hsu, N. C.; Bettenhausen, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sayer, A. M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. [Bettenhausen, C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Sayer, AM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM andrew.sayer@nasa.gov RI Sayer, Andrew/H-2314-2012 OI Sayer, Andrew/0000-0001-9149-1789 FU NASA EOS FX This work was supported by the NASA EOS program, managed by H. Maring. More information about Deep Blue can be found at http://deepblue.gsfc.nasa.gov. The MODIS Characterization Support Team and Ocean Biology Processing Group are thanked for their extensive efforts in maintaining the high radiometric quality of MODIS data. MODIS level 1 data and aerosol products are available from http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov. The authors thank three referees (L. A. Munchak and two anonymous) for their helpful reviews of this manuscript. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 5277 EP 5288 DI 10.5194/amt-8-5277-2015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ8YI UT WOS:000367384600017 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Moorcroft, PR Aleinov, I Puma, MJ Kiang, NY AF Kim, Y. Moorcroft, P. R. Aleinov, I. Puma, M. J. Kiang, N. Y. TI Variability of phenology and fluxes of water and carbon with observed and simulated soil moisture in the Ent Terrestrial Biosphere Model (Ent TBM version 1.0.1.0.0) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; OAK-GRASS SAVANNA; CLIMATE MODELS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; COMMUNITY LAND; ENERGY FLUXES; NORTH-AMERICA AB The Ent Terrestrial Biosphere Model (Ent TBM) is a mixed-canopy dynamic global vegetation model developed specifically for coupling with land surface hydrology and general circulation models (GCMs). This study describes the leaf phenology submodel implemented in the Ent TBM version 1.0.1.0.0 coupled to the carbon allocation scheme of the Ecosystem Demography (ED) model. The phenology submodel adopts a combination of responses to temperature (growing degree days and frost hardening), soil moisture (linearity of stress with relative saturation) and radiation (light length). Growth of leaves, sapwood, fine roots, stem wood and coarse roots is updated on a daily basis. We evaluate the performance in reproducing observed leaf seasonal growth as well as water and carbon fluxes for four plant functional types at five Fluxnet sites, with both observed and prognostic hydrology, and observed and prognostic seasonal leaf area index. The phenology submodel is able to capture the timing and magnitude of leaf-out and senescence for temperate broadleaf deciduous forest (Harvard Forest and Morgan-Monroe State Forest, US), C3 annual grassland (Vaira Ranch, US) and California oak savanna (Tonzi Ranch, US). For evergreen needleleaf forest (Hyytiala, Finland), the phenology submodel captures the effect of frost hardening of photosynthetic capacity on seasonal fluxes and leaf area. We address the importance of customizing parameter sets of vegetation soil moisture stress response to the particular land surface hydrology scheme. We identify model deficiencies that reveal important dynamics and parameter needs. C1 [Kim, Y.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Moorcroft, P. R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Aleinov, I.; Puma, M. J.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Kiang, N. Y.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM yeonjoo.kim@yonsei.ac.kr FU NASA Earth Science, Modeling, Analysis & Prediction Program [MAP/04-116-0069]; NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) at NASA GISS FX This research was supported by two grants from the NASA Earth Science, Modeling, Analysis & Prediction Program (MAP/04-116-0069), for proposals titled Ent: A Global Dynamic Terrestrial Ecosystem Model for Climate Interactions at Seasonal to Century Time Scales Through Coupled Water, Carbon, and Nitrogen Dynamics (PI: Nancy Y. Kiang), and NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Global Model Development (PI: James Hansen and Gavin Schmidt). Support was also provided in part by the NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) at NASA GISS administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA, for a proposal titled Role of phenology in coupled vegetation-climate at seasonal to decadal timescales in Ent DGTEM (NPP fellow: Yeonjoo Kim). We also wish to express our gratitude to the many researchers who made available large amounts of data from their Fluxnet sites, particularly Danilo Dragoni, HaPe Schmid, and Craig Wayson for Morgan-Monroe State Forest; Dennis Baldocchi for the Vaira and Tonzi ranches; Steve Wofsy and co-workers for Harvard Forest; and Timo Vesala and Pasi Kolari for Hyytiala. The websites of publicly available data are listed in Table 3. NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3837 EP 3865 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-3837-2015 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CZ6XG UT WOS:000367243700003 ER PT J AU Draper, C Reichle, R AF Draper, C. Reichle, R. TI The impact of near-surface soil moisture assimilation at subseasonal, seasonal, and inter-annual timescales SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; SYSTEM; RETRIEVALS; STABILITY AB A 9 year record of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) soil moisture retrievals are assimilated into the Catchment land surface model at four locations in the US. The assimilation is evaluated using the unbiased mean square error (ubMSE) relative to watershed-scale in situ observations, with the ubMSE separated into contributions from the subseasonal (SMshort), mean seasonal (SMseas), and inter-annual (SMlong) soil moisture dynamics. For near-surface soil moisture, the average ubMSE for Catchment without assimilation was (1.8 * 10(-3) m(3) m(-3))(2), of which 19% was in SMlong, 26% in SMseas, and 55% in SMshort. The AMSR-E assimilation significantly reduced the total ubMSE at every site, with an average reduction of 33 %. Of this ubMSE reduction, 37% occurred in SMlong, 24% in SMseas, and 38% in SMshort. For root-zone soil moisture, in situ observations were available at one site only, and the near-surface and root-zone results were very similar at this site. These results suggest that, in addition to the well-reported improvements in SMshort, assimilating a sufficiently long soil moisture data record can also improve the model representation of important long-term events, such as droughts. The improved agreement between the modeled and in situ SMseas is harder to interpret, given that mean seasonal cycle errors are systematic, and systematic errors are not typically targeted by (bias-blind) data assimilation. Finally, the use of 1-year subsets of the AMSR-E and Catchment soil moisture for estimating the observation-bias correction (rescaling) parameters is investigated. It is concluded that when only 1 year of data are available, the associated uncertainty in the rescaling parameters should not greatly reduce the average benefit gained from data assimilation, although locally and in extreme years there is a risk of increased errors. C1 [Draper, C.; Reichle, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Draper, C.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Draper, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM clara.draper@nasa.gov RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Draper, Clara/P-6097-2016 OI Draper, Clara/0000-0002-8299-4939 FU NASA Terrestrial Hydrology program [NNX15AB52G] FX Thanks to Balachandrudu Narapusetty for helpful comments, USDA-ARS and Michael Cosh for providing access to the long-term in situ soil moisture observations from the experimental watersheds. The AMSR-E soil moisture retrievals were obtained from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). This work was supported by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology program (NNX15AB52G). NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 12 BP 4831 EP 4844 DI 10.5194/hess-19-4831-2015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CZ6XH UT WOS:000367243800007 ER PT S AU Campbell, JF Lin, B Nehrir, AR Harrison, FW Obland, MD Meadows, B AF Campbell, Joel F. Lin, Bing Nehrir, Amin R. Harrison, F. Wallace Obland, Michael D. Meadows, Byron BE Singh, UN Nicolae, DN TI Advanced Intensity-Modulation Continuous-Wave Lidar Techniques for ASCENDS CO2 Column Measurements SO LIDAR TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNIQUES, AND MEASUREMENTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing XI CY SEP 21-22, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE ID AIRBORNE LASER DATA; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; CLOUDS; SYSTEM; VOLUME AB Global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements for the NASA Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) space mission are critical for improving our understanding of global CO2 sources and sinks. Advanced Intensity-Modulated Continuous-Wave (IM-CW) lidar techniques are investigated as a means of facilitating CO2 measurements from space to meet the ASCENDS measurement requirements. In recent numerical, laboratory and flight experiments we have successfully used the Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation technique to uniquely discriminate surface lidar returns from intermediate aerosol and cloud contamination. We demonstrate the utility of BPSK to eliminate sidelobes in the range profile as a means of making Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) column CO2 measurements in the presence of optically thin clouds, thereby eliminating the need to correct for sidelobe bias errors caused by the clouds. Furthermore, high accuracy and precision ranging to the surface as well as to the top of intermediate cloud layers, which is a requirement for the inversion of column CO2 number density measurements to column CO2 mixing ratios, has been demonstrated using new hyperfine interpolation techniques that takes advantage of the periodicity of the modulation waveforms. This approach works well for both BPSK and linear swept-frequency modulation techniques. The BPSK technique under investigation has excellent auto-correlation properties while possessing a finite bandwidth. A comparison of BPSK and linear swept-frequency is also discussed in this paper. These results are extended to include Richardson-Lucy deconvolution techniques to extend the resolution of the lidar beyond that implied by limit of the bandwidth of the modulation, where it is shown useful for making tree canopy measurements. C1 [Campbell, Joel F.; Lin, Bing; Nehrir, Amin R.; Harrison, F. Wallace; Obland, Michael D.; Meadows, Byron] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM joel.f.campbell@nasa.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-855-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9645 AR 964504 DI 10.1117/12.2194442 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0YN UT WOS:000367450200003 ER PT S AU De Young, R Carrion, W Pliutau, D Ganoe, R AF De Young, Russell Carrion, William Pliutau, Denis Ganoe, Rene BE Singh, UN Nicolae, DN TI Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL) results from the Denver, CO DISCOVER-AQ campaign SO LIDAR TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNIQUES, AND MEASUREMENTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing XI CY SEP 21-22, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE ozone; lidar; air quality; boundary layer AB The Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL) is a compact mobile differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system that was developed at NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA to provide ozone, aerosol and cloud atmospheric measurements in a mobile trailer for ground-based atmospheric air quality campaigns. This lidar is part of the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) currently made up of six other ozone lidars across the U.S and Canada. This lidar has been deployed to Denver, CO July 15-August 15, 2014 for the DISCOVER-AQ air quality campaign. Ozone and aerosol profiles were taken showing the influence of emissions from the Denver region. Results of ozone concentration, aerosol scattering ratio, boundary layer height and clouds will be presented with emphasis on regional air quality. C1 [De Young, Russell] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Carrion, William] Coherent Applicat, Hampton, VA USA. [Pliutau, Denis; Ganoe, Rene] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP De Young, R (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Russell.j.deyoung@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-855-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9645 AR 964508 DI 10.1117/12.2195479 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0YN UT WOS:000367450200005 ER PT S AU Khor, WY Matjafri, MZ Lim, HS Hee, WS Lolli, S AF Khor, Wei Ying Matjafri, Mohd Zubir Lim, Hwee San Hee, Wan Shen Lolli, Simone BE Singh, UN Nicolae, DN TI One-Year Monitoring of the Atmosphere over Penang Island using a Groundbased Lidar SO LIDAR TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNIQUES, AND MEASUREMENTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing XI CY SEP 21-22, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Lidar; planetary boundary layer; extinction coefficient; monsoon season; AOD ID BOUNDARY-LAYER AB The atmosphere over Penang Island is monitored for one year using a ground based Lidar. The Lidar signals are processed to obtain the AOD, extinction coefficients and the PBL heights to provide an overview of the atmospheric conditions in Penang. The data are averaged daily and plotted for the year of 2014. The AOD and extinction coefficients display seasonal trends that increase during the monsoon seasons (Southwest monsoon and Northeast monsoon) and decrease during the inter-monsoon seasons. During the monsoon seasons, a mixture of clear and hazy atmospheric conditions is found due to the presence of rain which removes the particulates or aerosols from the atmosphere. If no rain occurs, aerosols transported over Penang will stay in the atmosphere and be removed after a certain period. The average AOD is 0.4034 for year 2014 with a maximum of 1.0787 on a hazy day and a minimum of 0.0354 on a clear day. The extinction coefficient range is quite wide especially during the monsoonal months owing to the intervention of aerosol layers in the atmosphere of Penang. A clear day will have a smaller range of extinction coefficients. The planetary boundary layer has an average height of 0.878 km. Thicker PBLs are found after monsoon seasons as the aerosols has sunk to the earth surface from higher altitudes. The PBL has an opposing trend to the AOD and extinction coefficients. The atmosphere over Penang Island consists of a mixture of marine particles and fine particles that are mainly transported to Penang by the monsoon winds from the surrounding sea and biomass burnings in the neighboring SEA countries. An overview of the atmospheric conditions in Penang for a whole year is meaningful for further research. C1 [Khor, Wei Ying; Matjafri, Mohd Zubir; Lim, Hwee San; Hee, Wan Shen] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Phys, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia. [Lolli, Simone] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Khor, WY (reprint author), Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Phys, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia. RI Lim, Hwee San/F-6580-2010 OI Lim, Hwee San/0000-0002-4835-8015 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-855-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9645 AR 96450M DI 10.1117/12.2195440 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0YN UT WOS:000367450200014 ER PT S AU Singh, UN Refaat, TF Yu, JR Petros, M Remus, RG AF Singh, Upendra N. Refaat, Tamer F. Yu, Jirong Petros, Mulugeta Remus, Ruben G. BE Singh, UN Nicolae, DN TI Double-pulsed 2-mu m lidar validation for atmospheric CO2 measurements SO LIDAR TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNIQUES, AND MEASUREMENTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing XI CY SEP 21-22, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Active remote sensing; carbon dioxide; DIAL; IPDA lidar; double-pulsed laser; triple-pulsed laser ID CARBON-DIOXIDE AB A double-pulsed, 2-mu m Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) lidar instrument for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements is successfully developed at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). Based on direct detection technique, the instrument can be operated on ground or onboard a small aircraft. Key features of this compact, rugged and reliable IPDA lidar includes high transmitted laser energy, wavelength tuning, switching and locking, and sensitive detection. As a proof of concept, the IPDA ground and airborne CO2 measurement and validation will be presented. Ground validation of the IPDA lidar column CO2 measurements were conducted at NASA LaRC using hard targets and a calibrated in situ sensor. Airborne validation, conducted onboard the NASA B-200 aircraft, included CO2 plume detection from power stations incinerators, in-flight CO2 in situ sensor and air sampling at different altitude, conducted by NOAA at the same site. Airborne measurements, spanning for 20 hours, were obtained from different targets such as soil, vegetation, sand, snow and ocean. In addition, cloud slicing was examined over the ocean. These flight validations were conducted at different altitudes, up to 6 km, with different wavelength controlled weighing functions. CO2 measurement results agree with modeling results from different sensors. C1 [Singh, Upendra N.; Refaat, Tamer F.; Yu, Jirong; Petros, Mulugeta; Remus, Ruben G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Singh, UN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 11 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM upendra.n.singh@nasa.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-855-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9645 AR 964502 DI 10.1117/12.2196489 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0YN UT WOS:000367450200001 ER PT J AU Bentel, K Landerer, FW Boening, C AF Bentel, K. Landerer, F. W. Boening, C. TI Monitoring Atlantic overturning circulation and transport variability with GRACE-type ocean bottom pressure observations - a sensitivity study SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; 26-DEGREES-N; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; EARTH; MASS AB The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key mechanism for large-scale northward heat transport and thus plays an important role for global climate. Relatively warm water is transported northward in the upper layers of the North Atlantic Ocean and, after cooling at subpolar latitudes, sinks down and is transported back south in the deeper limb of the AMOC. The utility of in situ ocean bottom pressure (OBP) observations to infer AMOC changes at single latitudes has been characterized in the recent literature using output from ocean models. We extend the analysis and examine the utility of space-based observations of time-variable gravity and the inversion for ocean bottom pressure to monitor AMOC changes and variability between 20 and 60 degrees N. Consistent with previous results, we find a strong correlation between the AMOC signal and OBP variations, mainly along the western slope of the Atlantic Basin. We then use synthetic OBP data - smoothed and filtered to resemble the resolution of the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) gravity mission, but without errors - and reconstruct geostrophic AMOC transport. Due to the coarse resolution of GRACE-like OBP fields, we find that leakage of signal across the step slopes of the ocean basin is a significant challenge at certain latitudes. Transport signal rms is of a similar order of magnitude as error rms for the reconstructed time series. However, the interannual AMOC anomaly time series can be recovered from 20 years of monthly GRACE-like OBP fields with errors less than 1 sverdrup in many locations. C1 [Bentel, K.; Landerer, F. W.; Boening, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bentel, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM katrin.i.bentel@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA Physical Oceanography program FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and with support from the NASA Physical Oceanography program. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2015 VL 11 IS 6 BP 953 EP 963 DI 10.5194/os-11-953-2015 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DA0AS UT WOS:000367459700008 ER PT S AU Kang, DH Tang, SR Kim, EJ AF Kang, Do-Hyuk D K. Tang, Shurun Kim, Edward J. BE Neale, CMU Maltese, A TI Interpreting snowpack radiometry using currently existing microwave radiative transfer models SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XVII part of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing CY SEP 22-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE MEMLS; DMRT; HUT; snow grain size; snow density; CLPX; NoSREx ID WATER EQUIVALENT; PARAMETERS AB A radiative transfer model (RTM) to calculate the snow brightness temperatures (T-b) is a critical element in terrestrial snow parameter retrieval from microwave remote sensing observations. The RTM simulates the T-b based on a layered snow by solving a set of microwave radiative transfer equations. Even with the same snow physical inputs to drive the RTM, currently existing models such as Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpacks (MEMLS), Dense Media Radiative Transfer (DMRT-QMS), and Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) models produce different T-b responses. To backwardly invert snow physical properties from the T-b, differences from RTMs are first to be quantitatively explained. To this end, this initial investigation evaluates the sources of perturbations in these RTMs, and reveals the equations where the variations are made among the three models. Modelling experiments are conducted by providing the same but gradual changes in snow physical inputs such as snow grain size, and snow density to the 3 RTMs. Simulations are conducted with the frequencies consistent with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-E (AMSR-E) at 6.9, 10.7, 18.7, 23.8, 36.5, and 89.0 GHz. For realistic simulations, the 3 RTMs are simultaneously driven by the same snow physics model with the meteorological forcing datasets and are validated against the snow in-situ samplings from the CLPX (Cold Land Processes Field Experiment) 2002-2003, and NoSREx (Nordic Snow Radar Experiment) 2009-2010. C1 [Kang, Do-Hyuk D K.; Kim, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tang, Shurun] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kang, DH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-847-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9637 AR 96371B DI 10.1117/12.2195502 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0XZ UT WOS:000367321800023 ER PT S AU Szewczyk, ZP Smith, GL Priestley, KJ AF Szewczyk, Z. Peter Smith, G. Louis Priestley, Kory J. BE Comeron, A Kassianov, EI Schafer, K Picard, RH Weber, K TI Comparison of unfiltered CERES radiances measured from the S-NPP and Aqua satellites over matched sites SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XX CY SEP 23-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE remote sensing; CERES scanners; Terra/Aqua and S-NPP satellites; strategies for comparison; unfiltered radiance differences; footprint based comparison; Aqua MODIS cloud coverage ID ENERGY SYSTEM; CLOUDS; INSTRUMENTS AB The focus of this paper is to introduce a novel strategy for comparison of unfiltered radiances in remote sensing devised for CERES scanners. The strategy is referred to as "matched sites targeting", in which CERES instruments scan at nadir along their respective collocated ground-tracks. This strategy is enabled by similarities in the Suomi-NPP (FM5) and Aqua (FM3) satellite orbits, and a special scan profile available for the CERES scanners. Comparison of collected data in this strategy is done at a footprint level for a more stringent test of the consistency between the two instruments (FM5 and FM3) for specific scene types, as averages of 330 collocated nadir samples are compared. A comparison of comprehensive "all-sky" measurements is also included as a reference. Results of the unfiltered radiance comparison are based on ES8 or ERBE-like data product using Edition-1 for FM5, and Edition-4 for FM3; cloud coverage is verified using MODIS data available in a SSF product. C1 [Szewczyk, Z. Peter; Smith, G. Louis; Priestley, Kory J.] SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Priestley, Kory J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Szewczyk, ZP (reprint author), SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM z.peter.szewczyk@nasa.gov; kory.j.priestley@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-850-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9640 AR 964006 DI 10.1117/12.2191506 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0XX UT WOS:000367320500006 ER PT S AU Winker, DM Zhai, PW Hu, YX AF Winker, David M. Zhai, Peng-Wang Hu, Yongxiang BE Comeron, A Kassianov, EI Schafer, K Picard, RH Weber, K TI Aerosol properties from combined oxygen A band radiances and lidar SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XX CY SEP 23-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE aerosol optical properties; lidar; oxygen A band; satellite ID MOLECULAR LINE ABSORPTION; A-BAND; SCATTERING ATMOSPHERE; OCEAN AB We have developed a new aerosol retrieval technique based on combing high-resolution A band spectra with lidar profiles. Our goal is the development of a technique to retrieve aerosol absorption, one of the critical parameters affecting the global radiation budget and one which is currently poorly constrained by satellite measurements. Our approach relies on two key factors: 1) the use of high spectral resolution (17,000: 1) measurements which resolve the A-band line structure, and 2) the use of co-located lidar profile measurements to constrain the vertical distribution of scatterers in the forward model. The algorithm has been developed to be applied to observations from the CALIPSO and OCO-2 satellites, flying in formation as part of the A-train constellation. We describe the approach and present simulated retrievals to illustrate performance potential. C1 [Winker, David M.; Hu, Yongxiang] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Zhai, Peng-Wang] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Winker, DM (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, MS 475, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM david.m.winker@nasa.gov RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-850-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9640 AR 964002 DI 10.1117/12.2195182 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0XX UT WOS:000367320500002 ER PT S AU Kabanov, DM Radionov, VF Sakerin, SM Smirnov, A AF Kabanov, Dmitry M. Radionov, Vladimir F. Sakerin, Sergey M. Smirnov, Alexander BE Matvienko, GG Romanovskii, OA TI Spatial distribution of atmospheric aerosol optical depth over Atlantic Ocean along the route of Russian Antarctic expeditions SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEAN OPTICS: ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium On Atmospheric and Ocean Optics - Atmospheric Physics CY JUN 22-26, 2015 CL Tomsk, RUSSIA SP V E Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt SB RAS, Inst Solar Terrestrial Phys SB RAS, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch DE aerosol optical depth; Atlantic ID AERONET; NETWORK AB During recent decade, Microtops and SPM portable sun photometers are used to perform annual measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and water vapor content of the atmosphere over Atlantic Ocean along the route of the Russian Antarctic expeditions (RAE). The data accumulation has made it possible to analyze the specific features of the spatial distribution of spectral AOD of the atmosphere along eastern RAE route and identify six basic regions (latitudinal zones). The statistical characteristics of AOD in the identified oceanic regions in winter and spring periods are discussed. The estimates of finely and coarsely dispersed AOD components in different regions, as well as the interannual atmospheric AOD variations, are presented. C1 [Kabanov, Dmitry M.; Sakerin, Sergey M.] SB RAS, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk 634021, Russia. [Radionov, Vladimir F.] Arctic & Antarctic Reserch Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. [Smirnov, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kabanov, DM (reprint author), SB RAS, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, 1 Acad Zuev Sq, Tomsk 634021, Russia. EM dkab@iao.ru RI Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009 OI Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-908-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9680 AR 96802W DI 10.1117/12.2204873 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BE0SE UT WOS:000366810300104 ER PT J AU Burton, SP Hair, JW Kahnert, M Ferrare, RA Hostetler, CA Cook, AL Harper, DB Berkoff, TA Seaman, ST Collins, JE Fenn, MA Rogers, RR AF Burton, S. P. Hair, J. W. Kahnert, M. Ferrare, R. A. Hostetler, C. A. Cook, A. L. Harper, D. B. Berkoff, T. A. Seaman, S. T. Collins, J. E. Fenn, M. A. Rogers, R. R. TI Observations of the spectral dependence of linear particle depolarization ratio of aerosols using NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SAHARAN DUST; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; POLARIZATION LIDAR; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ASIAN DUST; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; SOUTHERN MOROCCO; FREE TROPOSPHERE; MINERAL DUST; RAMAN LIDAR AB Linear particle depolarization ratio is presented for three case studies from the NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar-2 (HSRL-2). Particle depolarization ratio from lidar is an indicator of non-spherical particles and is sensitive to the fraction of non-spherical particles and their size. The HSRL-2 instrument measures depolarization at three wavelengths: 355, 532, and 1064 nm. The three measurement cases presented here include two cases of dust-dominated aerosol and one case of smoke aerosol. These cases have partial analogs in earlier HSRL-1 depolarization measurements at 532 and 1064 nm and in literature, but the availability of three wavelengths gives additional insight into different scenarios for non-spherical particles in the atmosphere. A case of transported Saharan dust has a spectral dependence with a peak of 0.30 at 532 nm with smaller particle depolarization ratios of 0.27 and 0.25 at 1064 and 355 nm, respectively. A case of aerosol containing locally generated wind-blown North American dust has a maximum of 0.38 at 1064 nm, decreasing to 0.37 and 0.24 at 532 and 355 nm, respectively. The cause of the maximum at 1064 nm is inferred to be very large particles that have not settled out of the dust layer. The smoke layer has the opposite spectral dependence, with the peak of 0.24 at 355 nm, decreasing to 0.09 and 0.02 at 532 and 1064 nm, respectively. The depolarization in the smoke case may be explained by the presence of coated soot aggregates. We note that in these specific case studies, the linear particle depolarization ratio for smoke and dust-dominated aerosol are more similar at 355 nm than at 532 nm, having possible implications for using the particle depolarization ratio at a single wavelength for aerosol typing. C1 [Burton, S. P.; Hair, J. W.; Ferrare, R. A.; Hostetler, C. A.; Cook, A. L.; Harper, D. B.; Berkoff, T. A.; Seaman, S. T.; Collins, J. E.; Fenn, M. A.; Rogers, R. R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Kahnert, M.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, Res Dept, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Kahnert, M.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Seaman, S. T.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Collins, J. E.; Fenn, M. A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Burton, SP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov RI Kahnert, Michael/A-3275-2009 OI Kahnert, Michael/0000-0001-5695-1356 FU NASA HQ Science Mission Directorate Radiation Sciences Program; DISCOVER-AQ project; Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) [621-2011-3346] FX Funding for this research came from the NASA HQ Science Mission Directorate Radiation Sciences Program and the DISCOVER-AQ project. M. Kahnert acknowledges funding by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) under project 621-2011-3346. The authors also acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY web site (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.php) used for some of the analysis described in this work. The MODIS images used in Fig. 7 were obtained from the MODIS Adaptive Processing System (MODAPS) archive. Thank you to Rich Hare and Terry Mack of the NASA Langley Engineering Directorate for their exceptional work on the HSRL-2 instrument. The authors are also very grateful to the NASA Langley B200 King Air crew from the California and Colorado deployments: Mike Basnett, Dale Bowser, Les Kagey, Howie Lewis, Scott Sims, Mike Wusk, and Rick Yasky from LaRC and also Kurt Blankenship and Munro Dearing for their dedication in support of HSRL measurements. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 23 BP 13453 EP 13473 DI 10.5194/acp-15-13453-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ6CU UT WOS:000367189600011 ER PT S AU McGowan, AMR Papalambros, P Baker, W AF McGowan, Anna-Maria Rivas Papalambros, Panos Baker, Wayne BE Weber, C Husung, S Cantamessa, M Cascini, G Marjanovic, D Montagna, F TI A FRAMEWORK OF WORKING ACROSS DISCIPLINES IN EARLY DESIGN AND R&D OF LARGE COMPLEX ENGINEERED SYSTEMS SO DS 80-3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN (ICED 15) VOL 3: ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT SE International Conference on Engineering Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED) CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Milan, ITALY DE Collaborative design; Early design phases; Teamwork; Human behaviour in design; Concurrent engineering (CE) AB This paper examines four primary methods of working across disciplines during R&D and early design of large-scale complex engineered systems such as aerospace systems. A conceptualized framework, called the Combining System Elements framework, is presented to delineate several aspects of cross-discipline and system integration practice. The framework is derived from a theoretical and empirical analysis of current work practices in actual operational settings and is informed by theories from organization science and engineering. The explanatory framework may be used by teams to clarify assumptions and associated work practices, which may reduce ambiguity in understanding diverse approaches to early systems research, development and design. The framework also highlights that very different engineering results may be obtained depending on work practices, even when the goals for the engineered system are the same. C1 [McGowan, Anna-Maria Rivas] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Papalambros, Panos; Baker, Wayne] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP McGowan, AMR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeronaut Res Directorate, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM anna-maria.r.mcgowan@nasa.gov NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESIGN SOC PI GLASGOW PA UNIV STRATHCLYDE, DMEM, 75 MONTROSE ST, GLASGOW, GI 1XJ, ENGLAND SN 2220-4334 BN 978-1-904670-66-7 J9 INT CONF ENG DES PY 2015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BE0TY UT WOS:000366981200037 ER PT S AU Stephenson, T Tricker, D Tarrant, A Michel, R Clune, J AF Stephenson, Timothy Tricker, David Tarrant, Andrew Michel, Robert Clune, Jason BE Krodel, M Robichaud, JL Goodman, WA TI Physical and Mechanical Properties of LoVAR: a new lightweight particle-reinforced Fe-36Ni alloy SO MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS TO OPTICS, STRUCTURES, COMPONENTS, AND SUB-SYSTEMS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Material Technologies and Applications to Optics, Structures, Components, and Sub-Systems CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE LoVAR; Metal Matrix Composite; Fe-36Ni alloy; Invar (R); dimensional stability; CTE AB Fe-36Ni is an alloy of choice for low thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) for optical, instrument and electrical applications in particular where dimensional stability is critical. This paper outlines the development of a particle-reinforced Fe-36Ni alloy that offers reduced density and lower CTE compared to the matrix alloy. A summary of processing capability will be given relating the composition and microstructure to mechanical and physical properties. C1 [Stephenson, Timothy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Tricker, David; Tarrant, Andrew] Materion Aerosp Met Composites, Farnborough, Hants, England. [Michel, Robert; Clune, Jason] Materion Beryllium & Composites, Elmore, OH USA. RP Stephenson, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-740-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9574 AR 957408 DI 10.1117/12.2190214 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BE0CJ UT WOS:000365759500007 ER PT J AU Grant, RA Raulin, JP Freund, FT AF Grant, Rachel A. Raulin, Jean Pierre Freund, Friedemann T. TI Changes in animal activity prior to a major (M=7) earthquake in the Peruvian Andes SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Article DE Pre-earthquake signals; Earthquake prediction; Animal behaviour; Ionospheric anomaly ID AVOIDANCE-RESPONSE; SEROTONIN SYNDROME; SEISMIC ACTIVITY; KOBE EARTHQUAKE; AIR IONS; PRECURSORS; REGRESSION; ANOMALIES; BEHAVIOR AB During earthquake preparation geophysical processes occur over varying temporal and spatial scales, some leaving their mark on the surface environment, on various biota, and even affecting the ionosphere. Reports on pre-seismic changes in animal behaviour have been greeted with scepticism by the scientific community due to the necessarily anecdotal nature of much of the evidence and a lack of consensus over possible causal mechanisms. Here we present records of changes in the abundance of mammals and birds obtained over a 30 day period by motion-triggered cameras at the Yanachaga National Park, Peru, prior to the 2011 magnitude 7.0 Contamana earthquake. In addition we report on ionospheric perturbations derived from night-time very low frequency (VLF) phase data along a propagation paths passing over the epicentral region. Animal activity declined significantly over a 3-week period prior to the earthquake compared to periods of low seismic activity. Night-time ionospheric phase perturbations of the VLF signals above the epicentral area, fluctuating over the course of a few minutes, were observed, starting 2 weeks before the earthquake. The concurrent observation of two widely different and seemingly unconnected precursory phenomena is of interest because recently, it has been proposed that the multitude of reported pre-earthquake phenomena may arise from a single underlying physical process: the stress-activation of highly mobile electronic charge carriers in the Earth's crust and their flow to the Earth's surface. The flow of charge carriers through the rock column constitutes an electric current, which is expected to fluctuate and thereby emit electromagnetic radiation in the ultralow frequency (ULF) regime. The arrival of the charge carriers can lead to air ionization at the ground-to-air interface and the injection of massive amounts of positive airborne ions, known to be aversive to animals. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grant, Rachel A.] Anglia Ruskin Univ, Dept Life Sci, Cambridge CB1 1PT, England. [Raulin, Jean Pierre] Presbyterian MacKenzie Univ, CRAAM, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Freund, Friedemann T.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Freund, Friedemann T.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Freund, Friedemann T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Grant, Rachel A.] Hartpury Coll, Dept Anim & Land Sci, Gloucester GL19 3BE, England. RP Grant, RA (reprint author), Anglia Ruskin Univ, Dept Life Sci, East Rd, Cambridge CB1 1PT, England. EM Rachel.grant@hartpury.ac.uk FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX All camera trap data in this publication were provided by the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network; a collaboration between Conservation International, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Wildlife Conservation Society, and partially funded by these institutions, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and other donors. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 EI 1873-5193 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PY 2015 VL 85-86 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.pce.2015.02.012 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CZ5FF UT WOS:000367127200008 ER PT J AU Shinko, A Jana, SC Meador, MA AF Shinko, Andrew Jana, Sadhan C. Meador, Mary Ann TI Crosslinked polyurea aerogels with controlled porosity SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE AEROGELS; POLYIMIDE AEROGELS; MECHANICALLY STRONG; ORGANIC AEROGELS; SILICA AEROGEL; MORPHOLOGY; FORMALDEHYDE; LIGHTWEIGHT; RESORCINOL; XEROGELS AB Mechanically robust polyurea aerogels with controlled porosity are synthesized from aromatic isocyanates, aromatic diamines, and a triamine crosslinker. Linear, isocyanate end-capped polyurea oligomers are first synthesized from the reactions between the diamine and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate in anhydrous N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The oligomers are then cross-linked with 1,3,5-triaminophenoxylbenzene to produce the gels. The gels are dried under supercritical conditions of carbon dioxide after exchanging NMP with acetone and acetone with liquid carbon dioxide. The aerogels are mesoporous with mean pore diameter in the range of 9-16 nm, have a bulk density of 0.19-0.26 g cm(-3), porosity of 79-86%, and surface areas between 106 and 309 m(2) g(-1). Pore size distributions broaden and shift to larger diameter as the crosslink density is reduced. The spectroscopic evidence suggests that hydrogen bonding is effective in reducing the shrinkage of aerogels, especially when linear oligomers of higher molecular weight are used. These materials show onset of thermal decomposition at 250 degrees C and offer high compressive moduli in the range of 12-69 MPa. C1 [Shinko, Andrew; Jana, Sadhan C.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Meador, Mary Ann] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Jana, SC (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM janas@uakron.edu RI Jana, Sadhan/J-5467-2016; OI Jana, Sadhan/0000-0001-8962-380X; Meador, Mary Ann/0000-0003-2513-7372 FU NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) Grant [NNX11AL70H] FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support provided by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) Grant (Grant Number: NNX11AL70H). We thank Dan Haas (NASA) for the operation of the autoclave, Dan Scheiman (Ohio Aerospace Institute) for assistance with thermal analysis and measuring skeletal densities, and Linda McCorkle (Ohio Aerospace Institute) for SEM images. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 127 BP 105329 EP 105338 DI 10.1039/c5ra20788f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CZ1KY UT WOS:000366865900081 ER PT J AU Giresi, MM Grubbs, RD Portnoy, DS Driggers, WB Jones, L Gold, JR AF Giresi, Melissa M. Grubbs, R. Dean Portnoy, David S. Driggers, William B., III Jones, Lisa Gold, John R. TI Identification and Distribution of Morphologically Conserved Smoothhound Sharks in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; FAMILY TRIAKIDAE; R-PACKAGE; DNA; MARKERS; INFERENCE AB Identification of sharks within the genus Mustelus (smoothhound sharks) is problematic because of extensive overlap in external morphology among species. Consequently, species-specific management of smoothhound shark resources is difficult when multiple species inhabit the same geographic region. The species identification and distribution of smoothhound sharks in the northern Gulf of Mexico (the Gulf) were assessed using sequences of mitochondrial DNA, nuclear-encoded microsatellites, and catch data. Phylogenetic analysis of 1,047 base pairs of mitochondrially encoded ND-2 sequences and Bayesian clustering of multilocus genotypes at 15 microsatellites revealed three genetically distinct monophyletic lineages (clades) of smoothhound sharks in the Gulf. Examination of external morphology revealed characters that distinguished each genetically distinct clade, and based on species descriptions and comparisons with the type and other specimens in established collections, the lineages were identified as Smooth Dogfish Mustelus canis, Florida Smoothhound Mustelus norrisi, and Gulf Smoothhound Mustelus sinusmexicanus. Two hundred and eighty-seven smoothhound sharks sampled from across the Gulf were then assigned unequivocally, based on genetic data, to one of the three species. Multifactorial analysis and homogeneity tests of species-specific means versus grand means of spatiotemporal factors (depth, longitude, and month) at capture indicated significant differences among the three species with respect to all three factors. On average, the Smooth Dogfish is found in deeper waters than the Gulf Smoothhound, whereas the Florida Smoothhound inhabits relatively shallow waters. A diagnostic key for the field identification of adult specimens of each species is provided. C1 [Giresi, Melissa M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Grubbs, R. Dean] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Portnoy, David S.; Gold, John R.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, Marine Genom Lab, Harte Res Inst, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Driggers, William B., III; Jones, Lisa] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Gold, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, Marine Genom Lab, Harte Res Inst, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM goldfish@tamucc.edu FU Cooperative Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service [NA12NMF4540083]; Texas AgriLife Research [H-6703]; NOAA GulfSPAN Program; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through the Florida Institute of Oceanography; Deep-C Consortium FX We thank G. Skomal (Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries); J. Imhoff and C. Peterson (Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory); S. Gulak, K. Hannan, and C. Jones (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); M. Drymon and A. Kroetz (Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory); T. Wiley-Lescher (Texas Parks and Wildlife Department); and M. Nalovic (Comite Regional de Peche a Maritime et Elevage Marine de Guyane) for assistance with the procurement of specimens and tissues. We also thank G. Naylor (University of Charleston) for providing an ND-2 sequence of Galeorhinus galeus; C. Caster, C. Hollenbeck, J. Puritz, and M. Renshaw for assistance in the laboratory; and B. Sterba-Boatwright for assistance with statistical analysis. This work was supported by the Cooperative Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NA12NMF4540083) and Texas AgriLife Research (Project H-6703). Field collections by R.D.G. were made possible by funding from the NOAA GulfSPAN Program and the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through the Florida Institute of Oceanography and the Deep-C Consortium. This article is number 102 in the series Genetic Studies in Marine Fishes and publication number 8 of the Marine Genomics Laboratory at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 6 BP 1301 EP 1310 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1069212 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CZ2ZK UT WOS:000366973500018 ER PT B AU Healy, AF Schneider, VI Barshi, I AF Healy, Alice F. Schneider, Vivian I. Barshi, Immanuel BE Raaijmakers, JGW Criss, AH Goldstone, RL Nosofsky, RM Steyvers, M TI Specificity and Transfer in Learning How to Follow Navigation Instructions SO COGNITIVE MODELING IN PERCEPTION AND MEMORY: A FESTSCHRIFT FOR RICHARD M. SHIFFRIN SE Psychology Press Festschrift Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cognitive Modeling in Perception and Memory - Festschrift in Honor of Richard M. Shiffrin CY MAY, 2012 CL Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN HO Indiana Univ ID INFORMATION; MODALITY; SEARCH C1 [Healy, Alice F.] Univ Colorado, Distinct, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Healy, Alice F.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Res Training, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Healy, Alice F.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Healy, Alice F.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Healy, Alice F.] Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Psychol Sect, Cambridge, MA USA. [Healy, Alice F.] Rocky Mt Psychol Assoc, Denver, CO USA. [Healy, Alice F.] APA, Div Expt Psychol, Div 3, Washington, DC USA. [Healy, Alice F.] Soc Expt Psychol, Laguna Beach, CA USA. [Barshi, Immanuel] NASA, Human Syst Integrat Div, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Healy, AF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Distinct, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH ROAD, HOVE BN3 2FA, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-88558-2; 978-0-415-70938-5 J9 PSYCHOL PR FESTSCHR PY 2015 BP 259 EP 273 PG 15 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA BE0SG UT WOS:000366823800017 ER PT S AU Anderson, N Thome, K Czapla-Myers, J Biggar, S AF Anderson, Nikolaus Thome, Kurtis Czapla-Myers, Jeffrey Biggar, Stuart BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Design of an ultra-portable field transfer radiometer supporting automated vicarious calibration SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Automated vicarious calibration; transfer radiometer; RadCaTS; RadCalNet; portable radiance calibration; radiometric calibration; automated post-launch satellite calibration ID RAILROAD VALLEY; SENSORS AB The University of Arizona Remote Sensing Group (RSG) began outfitting the radiometric calibration test site (RadCaTS) at Railroad Valley Nevada in 2004 for automated vicarious calibration of Earth-observing sensors. RadCaTS was upgraded to use RSG custom 8-band ground viewing radiometers (GVRs) beginning in 2011 and currently four GVRs are deployed providing an average reflectance for the test site. This measurement of ground reflectance is the most critical component of vicarious calibration using the reflectance-based method. In order to ensure the quality of these measurements, RSG has been exploring more efficient and accurate methods of on-site calibration evaluation. This work describes the design of, and initial results from, a small portable transfer radiometer for the purpose of GVR calibration validation on site. Prior to deployment, RSG uses high accuracy laboratory calibration methods in order to provide radiance calibrations with low uncertainties for each GVR. After deployment, a solar radiation based calibration has typically been used. The method is highly dependent on a clear, stable atmosphere, requires at least two people to perform, is time consuming in post processing, and is dependent on several large pieces of equipment. In order to provide more regular and more accurate calibration monitoring, the small portable transfer radiometer is designed for quick, one-person operation and on-site field calibration comparison results. The radiometer is also suited for laboratory calibration use and thus could be used as a transfer radiometer calibration standard for ground viewing radiometers of a RadCalNet site. C1 [Anderson, Nikolaus; Czapla-Myers, Jeffrey; Biggar, Stuart] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Remote Sensing Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Thome, Kurtis] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Anderson, N (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Remote Sensing Grp, 1630 East Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM nanderson@optics.arizona.edu OI Czapla-Myers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-4804-5358 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 960709 DI 10.1117/12.2186894 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200005 ER PT S AU Angal, A McCorkel, J Cook, B Corp, LA Thome, K AF Angal, Amit McCorkel, Joel Cook, Bruce Corp, Lawrence A. Thome, Kurt BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Radiometric Calibration of G-LiHT's Imaging Spectrometer using GLAMR for satellite sensor intercalibration SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID IMAGER AB NASA Goddard's Lidar, Hyperspectral and Thermal Imager (G-LiHT) facilitates simultaneous measurements beneficial to variety of applications. Of the suite of "off-the shelf" instruments of G-LiHT, the Visible Near-Infrared (VNIR) Imaging Spectrometer acquires high resolution spectral measurements (1.5 nm resolution) from 0.4 to 1 mu m. Goddard Space Flight Center's Laser for Absolute Measurement of Response (GLAMR) was used to measure the absolute spectral response (ASR) of the G-LiHT's imaging spectrometer. Continuously tunable lasers coupled to an integrating sphere allow a radiance-based calibration for the detectors at reflective solar wavelengths. GLAMR measurements, covering a wavelength range from 0.58 to 0.99 mu m were acquired between July 30 to August 2, 2013. In order to account for the large field-of-view (50 degrees), G-LiHT was rotated in 2 degree increments so that the same area of the sphere is viewed by all detectors. Using this data along with the coincident Silicon trap radiometer measurements, the ASR was computed. The derived calibration parameters for G-LiHT's Imaging Spectrometer are to be transferred to near-simultaneous measurements of Landsat sensors. Calibration uncertainty of G-LiHT is 1-3% depending spectral region and transferring this traceability to coincident satellite sensors has 3-5% depending on spectral region. C1 [Angal, Amit; Corp, Lawrence A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [McCorkel, Joel; Cook, Bruce; Thome, Kurt] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Angal, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI McCorkel, Joel/D-4454-2012 OI McCorkel, Joel/0000-0003-2853-2036 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070C DI 10.1117/12.2188763 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200008 ER PT S AU Aumann, HH Manning, E AF Aumann, H. H. Manning, Evan BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Principle Component Analysis of AIRS and CrIS data SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID PRODUCTS AB Synthetic Eigen Vectors (EV) used for the statistical analysis of the PC reconstruction residual of large ensembles of data are a novel tool for the analysis of data from hyperspectral infrared sounders like the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS Aqua and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on the SUOMI polar orbiting satellites. Unlike empirical EV, which are derived from the observed spectra, the synthetic EV are derived from a large ensemble of spectra which are calculated assuming that, given a state of the atmosphere, the spectra created by the instrument can be accurately calculated. The synthetic EV are then used to reconstruct the observed spectra. The analysis of the differences between the observed spectra and the reconstructed spectra for Simultaneous Nadir Overpasses of tropical oceans reveals unexpected differences at the more than 200 mK level under relatively clear conditions, particularly in the mid-wave water vapor channels of CrIS. The repeatability of these differences using independently trained SEV and results from different years appears to rule out inconsistences in the radiative transfer algorithm or the data simulation. The reasons for these discrepancies are under evaluation. C1 [Aumann, H. H.; Manning, Evan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Aumann, HH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070J DI 10.1117/12.2188407 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200013 ER PT S AU Barsi, JA Markham, BL AF Barsi, Julia A. Markham, Brian L. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Operational Land Imager Relative Radiometric Calibration SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Landsat-8; OLI; radiometric calibration; relative gains ID PERFORMANCE AB The Operational Land Imager (OLI), on board the Landsat-8 satellite, is a pushbroom sensor with nearly 7000 detectors per band, divided between 14 separate modules. While rigorously characterized prior to launch, the shear number of individual detectors presents a challenge to maintaining the on-orbit relative calibration, such that stripes, bands and other artifacts are minimized in the final image products. On-orbit relative calibration of the OLI is primarily monitored and corrected by observing an on-board primary solar diffuser panel. The panel is the most uniform target available to the OLI, though as observed but the OLI, it has a slope across the field of view due to view angle effects. Just after launch, parameters were derived using the solar diffuser data, to correct for the angular effects across the 14 modules. The residual discontinuities between arrays and the detector-to-detector uniformity continue to be monitored on a weekly basis. The observed variations in the responses to the diffuser panel since launch are thought to be due to real instrument changes. Since launch, the Coastal/Aerosol (CA) and Blue bands have shown the most variation in relative calibration of the VNIR bands, with as much as 0.14% change (3-sigma) between consecutive relative gain estimates. The other VNIR bands (Green, Red and NIR) initially had detectors showing a slow drift of about 0.2% per year, though this stopped after an instrument power cycle about seven months after launch. The SWIR bands also exhibit variability between collects (0.11% 3-sigma) but the larger changes have been where individual detectors' responses change suddenly by as much as 1.5%. The mechanisms behind these changes are not well understood but in order to minimize impact to the users, the OLI relative calibration is updated on a quarterly basis in order to capture changes over time. C1 [Barsi, Julia A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Markham, Brian L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barsi, JA (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM julia.barsi@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070O DI 10.1117/12.2188555 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200018 ER PT S AU Bhatt, R Doelling, DR Scarino, BR Gopalan, A Haney, CO AF Bhatt, Rajendra Doelling, David R. Scarino, Benjamin R. Gopalan, Arun Haney, Conor O. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Toward consistent radiometric calibration of the NOAA AVHRR visible and near-infrared data record SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE AVHRR; MODIS; SCIAMACHY; calibration; invariant targets ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; IR BANDS; STABILITY; CHANNELS; DESERT; SPACECRAFT AB The 35-year Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite-instrument data record is critical for studying decadal climate change, provided that the AVHRR sensors are consistently calibrated. Owing to the lack of onboard calibration capability, the AVHRR data need to be adjusted using vicarious approaches. One of the greatest challenges hampering these vicarious calibration techniques, however, is the degrading orbits of the NOAA satellites that house the instruments, or, more specifically, the fact that the satellites eventually drift into a terminator orbit several years after launch. This paper presents a uniform sensor calibration approach for the AVHRR visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) records using specifically designed NOAA-16 AVHRR-based, top-of-atmosphere (TOA) calibration models that take into account orbit degradation. These models are based on multiple invariant Earth targets, including Saharan deserts, polar ice scenes, and tropical deep-convective clouds. All invariant targets are referenced to the Aqua-MODIS Collection-6 calibration via transfer of the Aqua-MODIS calibration to NOAA-16 AVHRR using simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) comparisons over the North Pole. A spectral band adjustment factor, based on SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY (SCIAMACHY) spectral radiances, is used to account for the spectrally-induced biases caused by the spectral response function (SRF) differences of the AVHRR and MODIS sensors. Validation of the AVHRR Earth target calibration is performed by comparisons with contemporary MODIS SNOs. Calibration consistency between Earth targets validates the historical AVHRR record. C1 [Bhatt, Rajendra; Scarino, Benjamin R.; Gopalan, Arun; Haney, Conor O.] SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Doelling, David R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Bhatt, R (reprint author), SSAI, One Enterprise Pkwy Ste 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM rajendra.bhatt@nasa.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 960703 DI 10.1117/12.2186816 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200002 ER PT S AU Chen, XX Wu, AS Xiong, XX Lei, N Wang, ZP Chiang, KF AF Chen, Xuexia Wu, Aisheng Xiong, Xiaoxiong Lei, Ning Wang, Zhipeng Chiang, Kwofu BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Validation of S-NPP VIIRS Day-Night band and M bands performance using ground reference targets of Libya 4 and Dome C SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE VIIRS; Day-Night Band; M bands; calibration; radiance; reflectance; Libya 4; Dome C AB This paper provides methodologies developed and implemented by the NASA VIIRS Calibration Support Team (VCST) to validate the S-NPP VIIRS Day-Night band (DNB) and M bands calibration performance. The Sensor Data Records produced by the Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) and NASA Land Product Evaluation and Algorithm Testing Element (PEATE) are acquired nearly nadir overpass for Libya 4 desert and Dome C snow surfaces. In the past 3.5 years, the modulated relative spectral responses (RSR) change with time and lead to 3.8% increase on the DNB sensed solar irradiance and 0.1% or less increases on the M4-M7 bands. After excluding data before April 5th, 2013, IDPS DNB radiance and reflectance data are consistent with Land PEATE data with 0.6% or less difference for Libya 4 site and 2% or less difference for Dome C site. These difference are caused by inconsistent LUTs and algorithms used in calibration. In Libya 4 site, the SCIAMACHY spectral and modulated RSR derived top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance are compared with Land PEATE TOA reflectance and they indicate a decrease of 1.2% and 1.3%, respectively. The radiance of Land PEATE DNB are compared with the simulated radiance from aggregated M bands (M4, M5, and M7). These data trends match well with 2% or less difference for Libya 4 site and 4% or less difference for Dome C. This study demonstrate the consistent quality of DNB and M bands calibration for Land PEATE products during operational period and for IDPS products after April 5th, 2013. C1 [Chen, Xuexia; Wu, Aisheng; Lei, Ning; Wang, Zhipeng; Chiang, Kwofu] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20661 USA. RP Chen, XX (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. OI Wang, Zhipeng/0000-0002-9108-9009 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070E DI 10.1117/12.2187131 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200010 ER PT S AU Crisp, D AF Crisp, D. CA OCO-2 Team BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Measuring Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide from Space with the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Carbon Dioxide; CO2; Remote Sensing; Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2; OCO-2 ID CO2 RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM AB The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) is this first NASA satellite designed to measure atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) with the accuracy, resolution, and coverage needed to detect CO2 sources and sinks on regional scales over the globe. OCO-2 was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on 2 July 2014, and joined the 705 km Afternoon Constellation a month later. Its primary instrument, a 3-channel imaging grating spectrometer, was then cooled to its operating temperatures and began collecting about one million soundings over the sunlit hemisphere each day. As expected, about 13% of these measurements are sufficiently cloud free to yield full-column estimates of the column-averaged atmospheric CO2 dry air mole fraction, X-CO2. After almost a full year in orbit, the X-CO2 product is beginning to reveal some of the most robust features of the atmospheric carbon cycle, including the northern hemisphere spring drawdown, and enhanced values co-located with intense fossil fuel and biomass burning emissions. As the carbon cycle science community continues to analyze these OCO-2 data, information on regional-scale sources (emitters) and sinks (absorbers) as well as far more subtle features are expected to emerge from this high resolution, global data set. C1 [Crisp, D.; OCO-2 Team] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Crisp, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 960702 DI 10.1117/12.2187291 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200001 ER PT S AU Cui, ZY Montanaro, M Gerace, A Schott, JR Markham, B AF Cui, Zhaoyu Montanaro, Matthew Gerace, Aaron Schott, John R. Markham, Brian BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Requirement Sensitivity Studies for a Future Landsat Sensor SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE System Requirement; Landsat; DIRSIG; Spatial Aliasing; Relative Spectral Response ID IMAGE QUALITY; SYSTEMS AB The Landsat program has collected imagery of the Earth for the past 40 years. Although both Landsat 7 and 8 are currently operating on-orbit, the next generation Landsat mission is already being planned. Concept studies for this mission include reproducing the Landsat 8 design (mainly push-broom imaging architecture). The definition of science requirements is an important step towards the development of instrument specifications. At this early stage, a re-evaluation of the Landsat requirements is beneficial since they might be flexible enough to relax in some areas to possibly save on manufacturing costs or may need to be tightened in other areas to produce better science products. The investigations presented here focused on spatial aliasing and spectral banding effects. The specifications of these two key performance requirements were taken from the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor as a starting point for the analyses. They were then adjusted to determine their effects on the final image products through the use of standard radiometry equations and synthetic Earth scene data. The results of the modeling efforts for these two requirements concepts are presented here and could be used as a template for future instrument studies. C1 [Schott, John R.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Markham, Brian] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM zc1209@rit.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070S DI 10.1117/12.2188482 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200022 ER PT S AU Ding, L Georgieva, EM Butler, JJ Cooper, JW Georgiev, GT Smith, GR AF Ding, Leibo Georgieva, Elena M. Butler, James J. Cooper, John W. Georgiev, Georgi T. Smith, Gilbert R. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Characterization and Application of a LED-driven Integrating Sphere Source SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Light-Emitting Diode (LED); integrating sphere; stability; linearity AB A Light-Emitting Diode (LED)-driven integrating sphere light source has been fabricated and assembled in the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Code 618 Biospheric Sciences Laboratory's Calibration Facility. This light source is a 30.5 cm diameter integrating sphere lined with Spectralon. A set of four LEDs of different wavelengths are mounted on the integrating sphere's wall ports. A National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) characterized Si detector is mounted on a port to provide real-time monitoring data for reference. The measurement results presented here include the short-term and long-term stability and polarization characterization of the output from this LED-driven integrating sphere light source. As an initial application, this light source is used to characterize detector/pre-amplifier gain linearity in light detection systems. The measurement results will be presented and discussed. C1 [Ding, Leibo; Cooper, John W.; Georgiev, Georgi T.; Smith, Gilbert R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Georgieva, Elena M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Butler, James J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ding, L (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070Y DI 10.1117/12.2191371 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200028 ER PT S AU Elliott, DA Aumann, HH AF Elliott, Denis A. Aumann, Hartmut H. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Calibration and data analysis issues in modern infrared spectrometers using large detector arrays SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE EOS; AIRS; infrared; sounder; calibration; reliability; operability; redundancy ID SPECTRAL CALIBRATION; SOUNDER AIRS; PRELAUNCH AB Modern infrared spectrometers contain many detectors. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) has 4482 infrared detectors. The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) (a Fourier Transform Spectrometer) has 27. This paper examines issues related to multiple detectors and describes their impact on calibration and data analysis, using examples from AIRS and CrIS. The potential differences among detectors are not limited to dead channels. They can include: noise characteristics, spatial response, illumination through the optical system, and exposure to radiation. The more detectors in an instrument, the more important it is for both the hardware and data analysis software designers to be prepared to handle such differences. Techniques used to mitigate these effects are described in this paper. C1 [Elliott, Denis A.; Aumann, Hartmut H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Elliott, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Denis.A.Elliott@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070M DI 10.1117/12.2186680 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200016 ER PT S AU Eplee, RE Turpie, KR Meister, G Patt, FS Franz, BA AF Eplee, Robert E., Jr. Turpie, Kevin R. Meister, Gerhard Patt, Frederick S. Franz, Bryan A. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Updates to the On-Orbit Calibration of SNPP VIIRS for Ocean Color Applications SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE VIIRS; solar calibration; lunar calibration; radiometric stability; reflective solar bands ID IMAGING RADIOMETER SUITE AB The NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) has continued monitoring the SNPP VIIRS on-orbit calibration since the derivation of the calibration for Reprocessing 2014.0 of the VIIRS ocean color data set. That calibration was based on solar and lunar observations through July 2014. Updates to the R2014.0 calibration include: 1) the addition of solar and lunar observations through May 2015; 2) the extension of the lunar libration corrections to incorporate sub-solar point corrections in addition to sub-spacecraft point corrections; 3) the implementation of a shortwave infrared (SWIR) band lunar and solar calibration; and 4) the absolute calibration of the solar observations using solar diffuser measurements. The SWIR band lunar calibration shows residual libration effects. Comparison of the lunar and solar time series yields lunar-derived adjustments to the solar calibration. The solar calibration time series show RMS residuals per band of 0.066-0.17%. The lunar calibration time series show RMS residuals per band of 0.072-0.23%. The solar and lunar time series show RMS differences per band of 0.10-0.23%. The VIIRS on-orbit calibration stability is comparable to that achieved for heritage instruments (SeaWiFS, Aqua MODIS). The quality of the resulting ocean color products is sufficient for incorporation of the VIIRS data into the long-term NASA ocean color data record. C1 [Eplee, Robert E., Jr.; Patt, Frederick S.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Turpie, Kevin R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Catonsville, MD 21250 USA. [Meister, Gerhard; Franz, Bryan A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Eplee, RE (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Robert.E.Eplee@nasa.gov RI Franz, Bryan/D-6284-2012 OI Franz, Bryan/0000-0003-0293-2082 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96071P DI 10.1117/12.2185940 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200045 ER PT S AU Eplee, RE Patt, FS Meister, G AF Eplee, Robert E., Jr. Patt, Frederick S. Meister, Gerhard BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Geometric Effects in SeaWiFS Lunar Observations SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SeaWiFS; lunar calibration; radiometric stability ID CALIBRATION; MOON AB The radiometric stability requirements for ocean color climate data records place tight constraints on the on-orbit calibration of ocean color instruments. A major component of the on-orbit calibration methodology for NASA ocean color sensors is the normalization of lunar observations for variations in observing geometry by the USGS ROLO photometric model of the Moon. SeaWiFS made 204 lunar observations over its 13-year mission. 145 radiometric trending observations were made at low phase angles (-8 degrees to -6 degrees and +5 degrees to +10 degrees). 59 additional observations were made at high phase angles (-49 degrees to -27 degrees and +27 degrees to +66 degrees degrees). The NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group has undertaken a reanalysis of residual geometric effects in the SeaWiFS lunar observations. Ratios of SeaWiFS observations to ROLO model predictions were fit with quadratic functions of phase angle and linear functions of sub-spacecraft point and sub-solar point libration longitude and latitude angles. The resulting phase and libration fit coefficients have been used as additional geometric corrections for the SeaWiFS lunar observations. For the low phase angle observations, the phase corrections are 0.16% and the libration corrections are 0.18%. For the low and high phase angle observations, the phase corrections are 1.8% and the libration corrections are 0.22%. These geometric corrections have reduced the overall scatter in the lunar observations, bringing the high phase angle data into family with the low phase angle measurements without impacting the radiometric response in the low phase angle observations. C1 [Eplee, Robert E., Jr.; Patt, Frederick S.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Meister, Gerhard] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Eplee, RE (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Robert.E.Eplee@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 960704 DI 10.1117/12.2185939 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200003 ER PT S AU Fulbright, JP Xiong, XX AF Fulbright, Jon P. Xiong Xiaoxiong BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Suomi-NPP VIIRS Day/Night Band Calibration with Stars SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE NPP; VIIRS; on-orbit; calibration AB Observations of stars can be used to calibrate the radiometric performance of the Day/Night Band (DNB) of the Suomi-NPP instrument VIIRS. Bright stars are normally visible in the Space View window. In this paper, we describe several potential applications of stellar observations with preliminary results for several. These applications include routine trending of the gain of the high- and mid-gain stages of the DNB and trending the gain ratio between those stages. Many of the stars observed by the VIIRS DNB have absolute flux curves available, allowing for an absolute calibration. Additionally, stars are visible during scheduled lunar roll observations. The electronic sector rotations applied during the scheduled lunar observations greatly increases the sky area recorded for a brief period, increasing the observing opportunities. Additionally, the DNB recorded data during the spacecraft pitch maneuver. This means the deep sky was viewed through the full Earth View. In this situation, thousands of stars (and the planet Mars) are recorded over a very short time period and over all aggregation zones. A possible application would be to create a gain curve by comparing the instrument response to the known apparent stellar brightness for a large number of stars of similar spectral shape. Finally, the DNB is especially affected the mirror degradation afflicting VIIRS. The degradation has shifted peak of the relative spectral response (RSR) of the DNB the blue and the effective band pass has been slightly reduced. The change in response for hot stars (effective temperatures of over 30,000 K) due to this degradation will differ by about 10 percent from the response change of cool stars (below 3500 K). C1 [Fulbright, Jon P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong Xiaoxiong] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Fulbright, JP (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96071S DI 10.1117/12.2187107 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200048 ER PT S AU Geng, X Madhavan, S Chen, N Xiong, XX AF Geng, Xu Madhavan, Sriharsha Chen, Na Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Implementation of Electronic Crosstalk Correction for Terra MODIS PV LWIR Bands SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MODIS; Crosstalk; Level 1B; Terra; Thermal emissive bands; Radiometric; Correction AB The MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of the primary instruments in the fleet of NASA's Earth Observing Systems (EOS) in space. Terra MODIS has completed 15 years of operation far exceeding its design lifetime of 6 years. The MODIS Level 1B (L1B) processing is the first in the process chain for deriving various higher level science products. These products are used mainly in understanding the geophysical changes occurring in the Earth's land, ocean, and atmosphere. The L1B code is designed to carefully calibrate the responses of all the detectors of the 36 spectral bands of MODIS and provide accurate L1B radiances (also reflectances in the case of Reflective Solar Bands). To fulfill this purpose, Look Up Tables (LUTs), that contain calibration coefficients derived from both on-board calibrators and Earth-view characterized responses, are used in the L1B processing. In this paper, we present the implementation mechanism of the electronic crosstalk correction in the Photo Voltaic (PV) Long Wave InfraRed (LWIR) bands (Bands 27-30). The crosstalk correction involves two vital components. First, a crosstalk correction modular is implemented in the L1B code to correct the on-board Blackbody and Earth-View (EV) digital number (dn) responses using a linear correction model. Second, the correction coefficients, derived from the EV observations, are supplied in the form of LUTs. Further, the LUTs contain time stamps reflecting to the change in the coefficients assessed using the Noise Equivalent difference Temperature (NEdT) trending. With the algorithms applied in the MODIS L1B processing it is demonstrated that these corrections indeed restore the radiometric balance for each of the affected bands and substantially reduce the striping noise in the processed images. C1 [Geng, Xu; Madhavan, Sriharsha; Chen, Na] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Geng, X (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 960725 DI 10.1117/12.2185961 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200059 ER PT S AU Ji, Q McIntire, J Efremova, B Schwarting, T Oudrari, H Zeng, J Xiong, XX AF Ji, Qiang McIntire, Jeff Efremova, Boyana Schwarting, Thomas Oudrari, Hassan Zeng, Jinan Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI A robust method for determining calibration coefficients for VIIRS reflective solar bands SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE radiance; calibration; response coefficient; curve fitting; non-parametric technique; attenuator; VIIRS; JPSS AB This paper presents a robust method for determining the calibration coefficients in polynomial calibration equations, and discusses the corresponding calibration uncertainties. An attenuator method that takes into account all measurements with and without an attenuator screen was used to restrict the impact of the absolute calibration of the light source. The originally proposed procedure attempts to simultaneously determine all unknowns nonlinearly using polynomial curve fitting. The newly proposed method divides the task into two simpler parts. For example, in the case of a quadratic calibration equation, the first part becomes a quadratic equation solely for the transmittance of attenuator, which has an analytical solution using three or four sets of measurements. Additionally, it is straightforward to determine the median value and the standard deviation of the transmittance from the solutions using all combinations of measured data points. In conjunction, the second part becomes a linear fit, with the ratio of the zeroth-order to first-order calibration coefficients as the intercept and the ratio of the second-order to first-order calibration coefficients as the slope. These ratios are unaffected by the absolute calibration of the light source and are then used in the calibration equation to calculate the first-order calibration coefficient. How the new method works is straightforward to visualize, which makes its results easier to verify. This is demonstrated using measurements from the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) J1 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) reflective solar bands (RSB) pre-launch testing. C1 [Ji, Qiang; McIntire, Jeff; Schwarting, Thomas; Oudrari, Hassan] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Efremova, Boyana] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Zeng, Jinan] Fibertech Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ji, Q (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM qiang.ji@ssaihq.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 960719 DI 10.1117/12.2188443 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200037 ER PT S AU Lei, N Xiong, XX AF Lei, Ning Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Impact of the angular dependence of the SNPP VIIRS solar diffuser BRDF degradation factor on the radiometric calibration of the reflective solar bands SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SNPP VIIRS; radiometric calibration; solar diffuser; BRDF degradation; reflective solar bands ID ON-ORBIT CHARACTERIZATION AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite performs radiometric calibration of its reflective solar bands (RSBs) primarily by observing an onboard solar diffuser (SD). The SD optical scattering property is measured by a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). Once on orbit, the BRDF degrades over time and the degradation factor is determined by an onboard solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM) which observes the Sun and the sunlit SD at almost the same time. We showed in a previous SPIE paper that the BRDF degradation factor is angle dependent. Consequently, due to that the SDSM and the VIIRS telescope SD views have very different angles, applying the BRDF degradation factor determined from the SDSM without any adjustments to the VIIRS RSB calibration can result in large systematic errors. In addition, the BRDF angular dependence impacts the determination of the SD screen transmittance viewed by both the SDSM detectors and the VIIRS telescope. We first use yaw maneuver data to determine the product of the SD attenuation screen transmittance and the BRDF at the initial time (when the BRDF just started to degrade) viewed by the VIIRS telescope, removing the impact of the SD BRDF degradation factor angular dependence over satellite orbits. By attributing the large bumps observed in the initially computed VIIRS detector gains for the M1-M4 bands to the angular dependence of the BRDF degradation factor and matching the computed VIIRS detector gains from the SD and the lunar observations, we find the relation between the BRDF degradation factors in the VIIRS telescope and SDSM SD view directions. C1 [Lei, Ning] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lei, N (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM ning.lei@ssaihq.com NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96071Y DI 10.1117/12.2186629 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200052 ER PT S AU Lei, N Xiong, XX AF Lei, Ning Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Determination of the SNPP VIIRS solar diffuser BRDF degradation factor over wavelengths longer than 1 mu m SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SNPP VIIRS; radiometric calibration; solar diffuser; BRDF degradation; reflective solar bands; short wave infrared bands; SWIR AB To radiometrically calibrate its reflective solar bands, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite observes a sunlit onboard solar diffuser (SD). Once on orbit, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the SD degrades over time. The degradation factor is determined by an onboard solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM). However, the central wavelengths (414 to 929 nm) of the SDSM detectors do not cover the VIIRS short wave infrared (SWIR) bands which have central wavelengths from 1238 to 2257 nm. Although it is known that at wavelengths longer than 1 mu m the SD BRDF degrades at a much slower rate, the degradation at some of the SWIR bands' central wavelengths may still be non-negligible as Ocean Color products often require a radiometric calibration stability of at least 0.1%. To access the SD BRDF degradation factor in the SWIR bands wavelength region, we investigate a phenomenological model and apply the model to determine the degradation factor in the SWIR bands wavelength region. C1 [Lei, Ning] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Lei, N (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM ning.lei@ssaihq.com NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96071W DI 10.1117/12.2186633 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200051 ER PT S AU Lei, N Xiong, XX AF Lei, Ning Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Estimation of the Accuracy of the SNPP VIIRS SD BRDF Degradation Factor Determined by the Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SNPP VIIRS; radiometric calibration; solar diffuser; BRDF degradation; screen transmittance; yaw maneuver; reflective solar bands; angular dependence ID ON-ORBIT CHARACTERIZATION AB To radiometrically calibrate its reflective solar bands, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite observes a sunlit onboard solar diffuser (SD). The degradation factor of the SD bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is determined by an onboard solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM). We improve the accuracy of the measured SD BRDF degradation factor in four ways. First, we remove the bias in the previously computed relative product of the SD screen transmittance and the BRDF at t(0) (when the BRDF degradation just started) tau(R)(SD,) effBRDF (t(0)). The bias is introduced by the angular dependence of the SD BRDF degradation factor. Second, to compute tau(R)(SD,) effBRDF (t(0)), we use both the yaw maneuver and a small portion (similar to 3 months) of regular on-orbit data. Third, we average the computed degradation factors over a large angular range of an orbit, reducing the impact of the solar power and detector gain noise. And fourth, we center the average of computed degradation factor at a fixed angle relative to the SD surface normal vector to remove the variation due to the dependence of the degradation factor on solar radiation energy incident angle. We fit the degradation factor to a smooth function of time and use the fitting residuals to estimate the accuracy of the degradation factors measured by the SDSM on a per orbit basis. C1 [Lei, Ning] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lei, N (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM ning.lei@ssaihq.com NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96071V DI 10.1117/12.2186636 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200050 ER PT S AU Levy, R Dabney, P Markham, B AF Levy, Raviv Dabney, Philip Markham, Brian BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Assessing OLI stray light and contamination changes with lunar observations SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Straylight; Lunar; Scatter; Operational Land Imager (OLI); Landsat 8 ID THERMAL INFRARED-SENSOR AB The Operational Land Imager (OLI) routinely acquires calibration datasets involving various targets such as the solar diffusers collects, Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS), and Lunar collects. This paper focus on stray light analysis of the lunar collects made through the lifetime of the mission. The analysis done on the lunar collects is used to estimate stability of stray light levels from which the stability or built up of contamination is demonstrated. C1 [Levy, Raviv] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dabney, Philip; Markham, Brian] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Levy, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Code 618, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM raviv.levy@nasa.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070P DI 10.1117/12.2189350 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200019 ER PT S AU Li, YH Wu, AS Wenny, B Xiong, XX AF Li, Yonghong Wu, Aisheng Wenny, Brian Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Evaluating the Impact of Cold Focal Plane Temperature on Aqua MODIS Thermal Emissive Band Calibration SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); calibration; thermal emissive bands (TEB); brightness temperature AB Aqua MODIS, the second MODIS instrument of the NASA Earth Observation System, has operated for over thirteen years since launch in 2002. MODIS has sixteen thermal emissive bands (TEB) located on two separate cold focal plane assemblies (CFPA). The TEB are calibrated using onboard blackbody and space view observations. MODIS CFPA temperature is controlled by a radiative cooler and heaters in order to maintain detector gain stability. Beginning in 2006, the CFPA temperature gradually varies from its designed operating temperature with increasing orbital and seasonal fluctuations, with the largest observed impacts on the TEB photoconductive (PC) bands. In Aqua Collection 6 (C6), a correction to the detector gain due to the CFPA temperature variation is applied for data after mid-2012. This paper evaluates the impact of the CFPA temperature variation on the TEB PC band calibration through comparisons with simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNO) measurements from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Our analysis shows that the current L1B product from mid-2011 to mid-2012 is affected by the CFPA temperature fluctuation. The MODIS-IASI comparison results show that no drift is observed in PC bands over the CFPA temperature variation range. Similarly, in the MODIS-AIRS comparison, bands 31-34 show nearly no trend over the range of CFPA temperature while a slight drift in bands 35-36 are seen from the comparison results. C1 [Li, Yonghong; Wu, Aisheng; Wenny, Brian] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20707 USA. RP Li, YH (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070U DI 10.1117/12.2188565 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200024 ER PT S AU Madhavan, S Xiong, XX Sun, JQ Chiang, K Wu, AS AF Madhavan, Sriharsha Xiong, Xiaoxiong Sun, Junqiang Chiang, Kwofu Wu, Aisheng BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Electronic Crosstalk Characterization of Terra MODIS Long Wave Infrared Channels SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MODIS; Crosstalk; Terra; Thermal emissive bands; Radiometric; Characterization ID THERMAL EMISSIVE BANDS; CALIBRATION AB Terra (T) MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), a heritage Earth observing sensor has completed 15 years of operation as of December 18 2014. T-MODIS has 36 spectral channels designed to monitor the land, ocean, and atmosphere. The long term climate data record from T-MODIS is an important dataset for global change monitoring. Sixteen of the spectral channels fall in the Mid (M) (3.7-4.5 mu m) to Long (L) (6.7-14.1 mu m) Wave InfraRed (M/LWIR) wavelengths, which are also referred to as the Thermal Emissive Bands (TEBs). To date the TEBs have very satisfactory performance which is attributed to the scan-by-scan calibration using an on-board BlackBody whose temperature is traceable to the NIST temperature standards. However, with an aging instrument, it was observed from 2010 onwards that the Photo Voltaic LWIR channels (Bands 27-30) have suffered significantly from electronic crosstalk. This is mainly due to the deterioration of the electronic circuits of the relevant bands in the LWIR Focal Plane Array (FPA). In this paper, we report the characterization of the electronic crosstalk in the above-mentioned bands using the well characterized test site such as Dome Concordia (C). Such characterization can be used to reduce the effects of crosstalk when implemented in the future Level 1B reprocessing and thereby increasing the radiometric fidelity of the concerned bands. C1 [Madhavan, Sriharsha; Chiang, Kwofu; Wu, Aisheng] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sun, Junqiang] GST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sun, Junqiang] NOAA, STAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Madhavan, S (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070W DI 10.1117/12.2185960 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200026 ER PT S AU Manning, EM Aumann, HH AF Manning, Evan M. Aumann, Hartmut H. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Tropical simultaneous nadir observations for IR sounder evaluation and comparison SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Simultaneous Nadir Observations; SNO; AIRS; CrIS; hyperspectral sounding; infrared; climate AB Simultaneous Nadir Observations (SNOs) contain thousands of pairs of observations taken within 8 km and 10 minutes. SNOs have been very useful for comparisons in polar conditions. But classic SNO pairing criteria have very low yield in the tropics, making these SNOs less useful for investigating instrument performance for hotter scenes or scenes with high contrast. We introduce a modified methodology, which finds pairs of matched spectra in a wider angular range but is restricted to the tropics. We illustrate this with AIRS and CrIS data. Insight into instrument differences is gained from statistical distributions of the residual differences between the matched pairs. A sample analysis compares AIRS and CrIS brightness temperature at 900 cm-1 as function of scene brightness temperature. The proposed method may be applicable to matchups of other sensors on different spacecraft. C1 [Manning, Evan M.; Aumann, Hartmut H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Manning, EM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070L DI 10.1117/12.2187151 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200015 ER PT S AU Markham, BL Barsi, JA Kaita, E Ong, L Morfitt, R Haque, MO AF Markham, Brian L. Barsi, Julia A. Kaita, Edward Ong, Lawrence Morfitt, Ron Haque, Md Obaidul BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Radiometric Calibration and Stability of the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Landsat; radiometry; radiometric stability; calibration; OLI AB Landsat-8 and its two Earth imaging sensors, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) have been operating on-orbit for 2 1/2 years. The OLI radiometric calibration, which is monitored using on-board lamps, on-board solar diffusers, the moon and vicarious calibration techniques has been stable to within 1% over this period of time. The Coastal Aerosol band, band 1, shows the largest change at about 1% over the period; all other bands have shown no significant trend. OLI bands 1-4 show small discontinuities in response (+0.1% to 0.2%) beginning about 7 months after launch and continuing for about 1 month associated with a power cycling of the instrument, though the origin of the recovery is unclear. To date these small changes have not been compensated for, but this will change with a reprocessing campaign that is currently scheduled for Fall 2015. The calibration parameter files (each typically covering a 3 month period) will be updated for these observed gain changes. A fitted response to an adjusted average of the lamps, solar and lunar results will represent the trend, sampled at the rate of one value per CPF. C1 [Markham, Brian L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barsi, Julia A.; Kaita, Edward; Ong, Lawrence] SSAI, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morfitt, Ron] USGS, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Haque, Md Obaidul] SGT, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Markham, BL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Brian.L.Markham@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070N DI 10.1117/12.2188412 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200017 ER PT S AU McCorkel, J Czapla-Myers, J Thome, K Wenny, B AF McCorkel, J. Czapla-Myers, J. Thome, K. Wenny, B. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Online resource for Earth-observing satellite sensor calibration SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE RadCaTS; VIIRS; Suomi NPP; intercalibration; radiometric calibration; online database; sensor networks ID ABSOLUTE RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; AERONET; NETWORK; MODIS AB The Radiometric Calibration Test Site (RadCaTS) at Railroad Valley Playa, Nevada is being developed by the University of Arizona to enable improved accuracy and consistency for airborne and satellite sensor calibration. Primary instrumentation at the site consists of ground-viewing radiometers, a sun photometer, and a meteorological station. Measurements made by these instruments are used to calculate surface reflectance, atmospheric properties and a prediction for top-of-atmosphere reflectance and radiance. This work will leverage research for RadCaTS, and describe the requirements for an online database, associated data formats and quality control, and processing levels. C1 [McCorkel, J.; Thome, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Czapla-Myers, J.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wenny, B.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP McCorkel, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM joel.mccorkel@nasa.gov RI McCorkel, Joel/D-4454-2012; OI McCorkel, Joel/0000-0003-2853-2036; Czapla-Myers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-4804-5358 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070B DI 10.1117/12.2188741 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200007 ER PT S AU McIntire, J Young, JB Moyer, D Waluschka, E Xiong, XX AF McIntire, Jeff Young, James B. Moyer, David Waluschka, Eugene Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Measured Polarized Spectral Responsivity of JPSS J1 VIIRS Using the NIST T-SIRCUS SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE JPSS; S-NPP; VIIRS; polarization; calibration AB Recent pre-launch measurements performed on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) J1 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) using the NIST T-SIRCUS monochromatic source have provided wavelength dependent polarization sensitivity for select spectral bands and viewing conditions. Measurements were made at a number of input linear polarization states (twelve in total) and initially at thirteen wavelengths across the bandpass (later expanded to seventeen for some cases). Using the source radiance information collected by an external monitor, a spectral responsivity function was constructed for each input linear polarization state. Additionally, an unpolarized spectral responsivity function was derived from these polarized measurements. An investigation of how the centroid, bandwidth, and detector responsivity vary with polarization state was weighted by two model input spectra to simulate both ground measurements as well as expected on-orbit conditions. These measurements will enhance our understanding of VIIRS polarization sensitivity, improve the design for future flight models, and provide valuable data to enhance product quality in the post-launch phase. C1 [McIntire, Jeff] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Young, James B.] Stellar Solut, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. [Moyer, David] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Waluschka, Eugene; Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McIntire, J (reprint author), Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM jeffrey.mcintire@ssaihq.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96072D DI 10.1117/12.2188515 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200066 ER PT S AU McIntire, J Young, JB Moyer, D Waluschka, E Oudrari, H Xiong, XX AF McIntire, Jeff Young, James B. Moyer, David Waluschka, Eugene Oudrari, Hassan Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Analysis of JPSS J1 VIIRS Polarization Sensitivity Using the NIST T-SIRCUS SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE JPSS; S-NPP; VIIRS; polarization; calibration AB The polarization sensitivity of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) J1 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) measured pre-launch using a broadband source was observed to be larger than expected for many reflective bands. Ray trace modeling predicted that the observed polarization sensitivity was the result of larger diattenuation at the edges of the focal plane filter spectral bandpass. Additional ground measurements were performed using a monochromatic source (the NIST T-SIRCUS) to input linearly polarized light at a number of wavelengths across the bandpass of two VIIRS spectral bands and two scan angles. This work describes the data processing, analysis, and results derived from the T-SIRCUS measurements, comparing them with broadband measurements. Results have shown that the observed degree of linear polarization, when weighted by the sensor's spectral response function, is generally larger on the edges and smaller in the center of the spectral bandpass, as predicted. However, phase angle changes in the center of the bandpass differ between model and measurement. Integration of the monochromatic polarization sensitivity over wavelength produced results consistent with the broadband source measurements, for all cases considered. C1 [McIntire, Jeff; Oudrari, Hassan] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Young, James B.] Stellar Solut, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. [Moyer, David] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Waluschka, Eugene; Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McIntire, J (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM jeffrey.mcintire@ssaihq.com NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 960713 DI 10.1117/12.2188463 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200033 ER PT S AU Oudrari, H McIntire, J Xiong, XX Butler, J Efremova, B Ji, Q Lee, S Schwarting, T AF Oudrari, Hassan McIntire, Jeff Xiong, Xiaoxiong Butler, James Efremova, Boryana Ji, Qiang Lee, Shihyan Schwarting, Tom BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI JPSS-1 VIIRS Pre-Launch Radiometric Performance SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE VIIRS; JPSS; RSB; TEB; Calibration; Radiometric; Performance AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on-board the first Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) completed its sensor level testing on December 2014. The JPSS-1 (J1) mission is scheduled to launch in December 2016, and will be very similar to the Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) mission. VIIRS instrument was designed to provide measurements of the globe twice daily. It is a wide-swath (3,040 km) cross-track scanning radiometer with spatial resolutions of 370 and 740 m at nadir for imaging and moderate bands, respectively. It covers the wavelength spectrum from reflective to long-wave infrared through 22 spectral bands [0.412 mu m to 12.01 mu m]. VIIRS observations are used to generate 22 environmental data products (EDRs). This paper will briefly describe J1 VIIRS characterization and calibration performance and methodologies executed during the pre-launch testing phases by the independent government team, to generate the at-launch baseline radiometric performance, and the metrics needed to populate the sensor data record (SDR) Look-Up-Tables (LUTs). This paper will also provide an assessment of the sensor pre-launch radiometric performance, such as the sensor signal to noise ratios (SNRs), dynamic range, reflective and emissive bands calibration performance, polarization sensitivity, bands spectral performance, response-vs-scan (RVS), near field and stray light responses. A set of performance metrics generated during the pre-launch testing program will be compared to the SNPP VIIRS pre-launch performance. C1 [Oudrari, Hassan; McIntire, Jeff; Efremova, Boryana; Ji, Qiang; Schwarting, Tom] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Butler, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lee, Shihyan] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Oudrari, H (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 960710 DI 10.1117/12.2188257 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200030 ER PT S AU Pagano, TS Aumann, HH Manning, EM Elliott, DA Broberg, SE AF Pagano, Thomas S. Aumann, Hartmut H. Manning, Evan M. Elliott, Denis A. Broberg, Steven E. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Improving AIRS radiance spectra in high contrast scenes using MODIS SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE AIRS; Spatial; Co-Registration; Clouds AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS Aqua Spacecraft was launched on May 4, 2002. AIRS acquires hyperspectral infrared radiances in 2378 channels ranging in wavelength from 3.7-15.4 mu m with spectral resolution of better than 1200, and spatial resolution of 13.5 km with global daily coverage. The AIRS is designed to measure temperature and water vapor profiles for improvement in weather forecast accuracy and improved understanding of climate processes. As with most instruments, the AIRS Point Spread Functions (PSFs) are not the same for all detectors. When viewing a non-uniform scene, this causes a significant radiometric error in some channels that is scene dependent and cannot be removed without knowledge of the underlying scene. The magnitude of the error depends on the combination of non-uniformity of the AIRS spatial response for a given channel and the non-uniformity of the scene, but is typically only noticeable in about 1% of the scenes and about 10% of the channels. The current solution is to avoid those channels when performing geophysical retrievals. In this effort we use data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument to provide information on the scene uniformity that is used to correct the AIRS data. For the vast majority of channels and footprints the technique works extremely well when compared to a Principal Component (PC) reconstruction of the AIRS channels. In some cases where the scene has high inhomogeneity in an irregular pattern, and in some channels, the method can actually degrade the spectrum. Most of the degraded channels appear to be slightly affected by random noise introduced in the process, but those with larger degradation may be affected by alignment errors in the AIRS relative to MODIS or uncertainties in the PSF. Despite these errors, the methodology shows the ability to correct AIRS radiances in non-uniform scenes under some of the worst case conditions and improves the ability to match AIRS and MODIS radiances in non-uniform scenes. C1 [Pagano, Thomas S.; Aumann, Hartmut H.; Manning, Evan M.; Elliott, Denis A.; Broberg, Steven E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM thomas.s.pagano@jpl.nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070K DI 10.1117/12.2188311 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200014 ER PT S AU Smith, NP Thomas, S Shankar, M Hess, PC Smith, NM Walikainen, DR Wilson, RS Priestley, KJ AF Smith, Nathaniel P. Thomas, Susan Shankar, Mohan Hess, Phillip C. Smith, Natividad M. Walikainen, Dale R. Wilson, Robert S. Priestley, Kory J. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Assessment of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument performance and stability on the Aqua, Terra, and S-NPP spacecraft SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CERES; S-NPP; FM5; validation; calibration; radiometry ID SCIENCE AB The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanning radiometer is designed to measure reflected solar radiation and thermal radiation emitted by the Earth. Five CERES instruments are currently taking active measurements in-orbit with two aboard the Terra spacecraft (FM1 and FM2), two aboard the Aqua spacecraft (FM3 and FM4), and one aboard the S-NPP spacecraft (FM5). The CERES instrument uses three scanning thermistor bolometers to make broadband radiance measurements in the shortwave (0.3 - 5.0 micrometers), total (0.3 - >100 micrometers) and water vapor window (8 - 12 micrometer) regions. An internal calibration module (ICM) used for in-flight calibration is built into the CERES instrument package consisting of an anodized aluminum blackbody source for calibrating the total and window sensors, and a shortwave internal calibration source (SWICS) for the shortwave sensor. The ICM sources, along with a solar diffusor called the Mirror Attenuator Mosaic (MAM), are used to define shifts or drifts in the sensor response over the life of the mission. In addition, validation studies are conducted to understand any spectral changes that may occur with the sensors and assess the pointing accuracy of the instrument, allowing for corrections to be made to the radiance calculations in CERES data products. This paper covers the observed trends in the internal and solar calibration data, discusses the latest techniques used to correct for sensor response, and explains the validation studies used to assess the performance and stability of the instrument. C1 [Smith, Nathaniel P.; Thomas, Susan; Shankar, Mohan; Hess, Phillip C.; Smith, Natividad M.; Walikainen, Dale R.; Wilson, Robert S.] SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Priestley, Kory J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Smith, NP (reprint author), SSAI, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070T DI 10.1117/12.2190110 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200023 ER PT S AU Sun, JQ Madhavan, S Xiong, XX Wang, MH AF Sun, Junqiang Madhavan, Sriharsha Xiong, Xiaoxiong Wang, Menghua BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Electronic Crosstalk in Terra MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Terra; MODIS; TEB; LWIR; Crosstalk; Moon; Striping; Long-term Drifts; Radiometric Improvements ID CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE AB The MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a legacy Earth remote sensing instrument in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS). The first MODIS instrument was launched in December 1999 on board the Terra spacecraft. MODIS has 36 bands, among which bands 20-25 and bands 27-36 are thermal emissive bands covering a wavelength range from 3.7. m to 14.2. m. It has been found that there are severe contaminations in Terra bands 27-30 (6.7 mu m -9.73 mu m) due to crosstalk of signals among themselves. The crosstalk effect induces strong striping artifacts in the Earth View (EV) images and causes large long-term drifts in the EV brightness temperature (BT) in these bands. An algorithm using a linear approximation derived from on-orbit lunar observations has been developed to correct the crosstalk effect for them. It was demonstrated that the crosstalk correction can substantially reduce the striping noise in the EV images and significantly remove the long-term drifts in the EV BT in the Long Wave InfraRed (LWIR) water vapor channels (bands 27-28). In this paper, the crosstalk correction algorithm previously developed is applied to correct the crosstalk effect in the remaining LWIR bands 29 and 30. The crosstalk correction successfully reduces the striping artifact in the EV images and removes long-term drifts in the EV BT in bands 29-30 as was done similarly for bands 27-28. The crosstalk correction algorithm can thus substantially improve both the image quality and the radiometric accuracy of the Level 1B (L1B) products of the LWIR PV bands, bands 27-30. From this study it is also understood that other Terra MODIS thermal emissive bands are contaminated by the crosstalk effect and that the algorithm can be applied to these bands for crosstalk correction. C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Junqiang] Global Sci & Technol, Bethesda, MD USA. [Madhavan, Sriharsha] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070V DI 10.1117/12.2188171 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200025 ER PT S AU Susskind, J Kouvaris, L Iredell, L AF Susskind, Joel Kouvaris, Louis Iredell, Lena BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Results from CrIS/ATMS Obtained Using an "AIRS Version-6 Like" Retrieval Algorithm SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE AIRS; CrIS; high spectral resolution IR sounders; retrieval methodology; IR sounding in cloudy conditions; Quality Control AB A main objective of AIRS/AMSU on EOS is to provide accurate sounding products that are used to generate climate data sets. Suomi NPP carries CrIS/ATMS that were designed as follow-ons to AIRS/AMSU. Our objective is to generate a long term climate data set of products derived from CrIS/ATMS to serve as a continuation of the AIRS/AMSU products. We have modified an improved version of the operational AIRS Version-6 retrieval algorithm for use with CrIS/ATMS. CrIS/ATMS products are of very good quality, and are comparable to, and consistent with, those of AIRS. C1 [Susskind, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kouvaris, Louis; Iredell, Lena] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Susskind, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96070I DI 10.1117/12.2186836 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200012 ER PT S AU Thome, K McCorkel, J McAndrew, B AF Thome, Kurtis McCorkel, Joel McAndrew, Brendan BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Demonstrating the error budget for the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory through solar irradiance measurements SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CLARREO; preflight calibration; radiometric calibration; SI-traceable AB The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission addresses the need to observe high-accuracy, long-term climate change trends and to use decadal change observations as a method to determine the accuracy of climate change. A CLARREO objective is to improve the accuracy of SI-traceable, absolute calibration at infrared and reflected solar wavelengths to reach on-orbit accuracies required to allow climate change observations to survive data gaps and observe climate change at the limit of natural variability. Such an effort will also demonstrate National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) approaches for use in future spaceborne instruments. The current work describes the results of laboratory and field measurements with the Solar, Lunar for Absolute Reflectance Imaging Spectroradiometer (SOLARIS) which is the calibration demonstration system (CDS) for the reflected solar portion of CLARREO. SOLARIS allows testing and evaluation of calibration approaches, alternate design and/or implementation approaches and components for the CLARREO mission. SOLARIS also provides a test-bed for detector technologies, non-linearity determination and uncertainties, and application of future technology developments and suggested spacecraft instrument design modifications. Results of laboratory calibration measurements are provided to demonstrate key assumptions about instrument behavior that are needed to achieve CLARREO's climate measurement requirements. Absolute radiometric response is determined using laser-based calibration sources and applied to direct solar views for comparison with accepted solar irradiance models to demonstrate accuracy values giving confidence in the error budget for the CLARREO reflectance retrieval. C1 [Thome, Kurtis; McCorkel, Joel; McAndrew, Brendan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Thome, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kurtis.thome@nasa.gov RI McCorkel, Joel/D-4454-2012 OI McCorkel, Joel/0000-0003-2853-2036 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96071C DI 10.1117/12.2188849 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200040 ER PT S AU Turpie, KR Eplee, RE Meister, G AF Turpie, Kevin R. Eplee, Robert E., Jr. Meister, Gerhard BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Uncertainty in the Ocean Color Calibration Methodology SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE VIIRS; remote sensing; phytoplankton; ocean color; calibration; uncertainty; time series; climate data record ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SATELLITE AB During the first few years of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) mission, the NASA Ocean Color calibration team continued to improve on their approach to the on-orbit calibration of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). As the calibration was adjusted for changes in ocean band responsitivity, the team also estimated a theoretic residual error in the calibration trends well within a few tenths of a percent, which could be translated into trend uncertainties in regional time series of surface reflectance and derived products, where biases as low as a few tenths of a percent in certain bands can lead to significant effects. This study looks at effects from spurious trends inherent to the calibration and biases that arise between reprocessing efforts because of extrapolation of the time-dependent calibration table. With the addition of new models for instrument and calibration system trend artifacts, new calibration trends led to improved estimates of ocean time series uncertainty. Table extrapolation biases are presented for the first time. The results further the understanding of uncertainty in measuring regional and global biospheric trends in the ocean using VIIRS, which better define the roles of such records in climate research. C1 [Turpie, Kevin R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Eplee, Robert E., Jr.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Meister, Gerhard] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Turpie, KR (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM kevin.r.turpie@nasa.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96071Q DI 10.1117/12.2187586 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200046 ER PT S AU Waluschka, E McCorkel, J McIntire, J Moyer, D McAndrew, B Brown, SW Lykke, KR Young, JB Fest, E Butler, J Wang, TR Monroy, EO Turpie, K Meister, G Thome, KJ AF Waluschka, Eugene McCorkel, Joel McIntire, Jeff Moyer, David McAndrew, Brendan Brown, Steven W. Lykke, Keith R. Young, James B. Fest, Eric Butler, James Wang, Tung R. Monroy, Eslim O. Turpie, Kevin Meister, Gerhard Thome, Kurtis J. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI VIIRS/J1 Polarization Narrative SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE JPSS; VIIRS; T-SIRCUS; polarization AB The polarization sensitivity of the Visible/NearIR (VISNIR) bands in the Joint Polar Satellite Sensor 1 (J1) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument was measured using a broadband source. While polarization sensitivity for bands M5-M7, I1, and I2 was less than 2.5 %, the maximum polarization sensitivity for bands M1, M2, M3, and M4 was measured to be 6.4 %, 4.4 %, 3.1 %, and 4.3 %, respectively with a polarization characterization uncertainty of less than 0.38%. A detailed polarization model indicated that the large polarization sensitivity observed in the M1 to M4 bands is mainly due to the large polarization sensitivity introduced at the leading and trailing edges of the newly manufactured VISNIR bandpass focal plane filters installed in front of the VISNIR detectors. This was confirmed by polarization measurements of bands M1 and M4 bands using monochromatic light. Discussed are the activities leading up to and including the two polarization tests, some discussion of the polarization model and the model results, the role of the focal plane filters, the polarization testing of the Aft-Optics-Assembly, the testing of the polarizers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Goddard center and at the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) facility and the use of NIST's Traveling Spectral Irradiance and Radiance responsivity Calibrations using Uniform Sources (T-SIRCUS) for polarization testing and associated analyses and results. C1 [Waluschka, Eugene; McCorkel, Joel; McAndrew, Brendan; Butler, James; Meister, Gerhard; Thome, Kurtis J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McIntire, Jeff] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Moyer, David] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Brown, Steven W.; Lykke, Keith R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Young, James B.] Stellar Solut, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Fest, Eric] Raytheon Co, Tucson, AZ USA. [Wang, Tung R.; Monroy, Eslim O.] Raytheon Co, El Segundo, CA USA. [Turpie, Kevin] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Waluschka, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI McCorkel, Joel/D-4454-2012 OI McCorkel, Joel/0000-0003-2853-2036 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 960712 DI 10.1117/12.2190138 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200032 ER PT S AU Wang, ZP Xiong, XX Li, YH AF Wang, Zhipeng Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Li, Yonghong BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI An Improved Algorithm for VIIRS Band-to-Band Registration Characterization with Lunar Observation SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE VIIRS; band-to-band registration; Moon; spatial characterization ID ORBIT SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION; PERFORMANCE; MOON AB Since launch, lunar observations have been performed on a regular basis for the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite. Unlike its predecessor Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS), VIIRS has no on-board calibrator to perform its on-orbit spatial characterization. Therefore, the methodologies for spatial characterization using the Moon that have been developed for MODIS are extended for VIIRS. One of the key spatial parameters is the band-to-band registration (BBR) in both along-scan and along-track directions. While the lunar BBR results can satisfactorily demonstrate that the long-term stability of VIIRS BBR meets the design requirement specification of +/-0.1 M-band pixels, seasonal oscillations have been observed in BBR trending, mostly noticeable between the visible/near infrared bands and short/middle wave infrared bands. This paper investigates the cause of this oscillation and proposes a new algorithm to reduce it. It is identified that the oscillation is correlated with the orientations of the lunar images that rotate from event to event. After figuring out an approach to quantify the rotation and compensate its impact, current BBR algorithm is improved and the seasonal oscillation in the BBR results is significantly reduced from up to +/-0.05 M-band pixels to less than +/-0.01 M-band pixels. With suppressed seasonal oscillation, the actual BBR including its long-term drift can be determined more accurately. C1 [Wang, Zhipeng; Li, Yonghong] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Lanham, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, ZP (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. OI Wang, Zhipeng/0000-0002-9108-9009 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 960722 DI 10.1117/12.2186334 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200056 ER PT S AU Wang, ZP Fulbright, J Xiong, XX AF Wang, Zhipeng Fulbright, Jon Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Update on the Performance of Suomi-NPP VIIRS Lunar Calibration SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE VIIRS; radiometric calibration; Moon AB Lunar observations have been regularly scheduled for the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite since its launch on October 28th, 2011. In reference to the ROLO irradiance model, the detector gain coefficient (F-factor) can be derived from these lunar observations for the reflective solar bands (RSB). Unlike its predecessor Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS), the Moon and the on-board solar diffuser (SD) are viewed by VIIRS detectors at the same angle of incidence (AOI) to the half angle mirror (HAM). This design eliminates the impact of the variation in the instrument response to the HAM AOI and allows the detector gain changes tracked by the Moon and the SD directly comparable. In this paper, we update the results of scheduled lunar calibration. The long-term trends of F-factors calibrated by the Moon and by the SD still agree within +/-1% for all RSBs. We also calculate the lunar F-factor at detector level and compare the detector dependency of the lunar F-factor and the SD F-factor. For a few bands, deviation of up to 1% between the two has been identified. The deviation indicates another unspecified systematic bias between the lunar and SD calibration approaches. Applying detector dependency based on lunar calibration may reduce the striping observed in the Earth view product derived using SD F-factor. C1 [Wang, Zhipeng; Fulbright, Jon] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, ZP (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20706 USA. OI Wang, Zhipeng/0000-0002-9108-9009 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 960720 DI 10.1117/12.2186794 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200054 ER PT S AU Wu, A Chen, X Angal, A Li, Y Xiong, X AF Wu, A. Chen, X. Angal, A. Li, Y. Xiong, X. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Assessment of the Collection 6 Terra and Aqua MODIS Bands 1 and 2 Calibration Performance SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MODIS; reflective solar bands; vicarious calibration; BRDF; calibration difference ID REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; INTERSATELLITE CALIBRATION; SATELLITES AB MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a key sensor aboard the Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. MODIS collects data in 36 spectral bands and generates over 40 data products for land, atmosphere, cryosphere and oceans. MODIS bands 1 and 2 have nadir spatial resolution of 250 m, compared with 500 m for bands 3 to 7 and 1000 m for all the remaining bands, and their measurements are crucial to derive key land surface products. This study evaluates the calibration performance of the Collection-6 L1B for both Terra and Aqua MODIS bands 1 and 2 using three vicarious approaches. The first and second approaches focus on stability assessment using data collected from two pseudo-invariant sites, Libya 4 desert and Antarctic Dome C snow surface. The third approach examines the relative stability between Terra and Aqua in reference to a third sensor from a series of NOAA 15-19 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The comparison is based on measurements from MODIS and AVHRR Simultaneous Nadir Overpasses (SNO) over a thirteen-year period from 2002 to 2015. Results from this study provide a quantitative assessment of Terra and Aqua MODIS bands 1 and 2 calibration stability and the relative calibration differences between the two sensors. C1 [Wu, A.; Chen, X.; Angal, A.; Li, Y.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, X.] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wu, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96072B DI 10.1117/12.2188260 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200064 ER PT S AU Xiong, XX Angal, A Fulbright, J Lei, N Mu, QZ Wang, ZP Wu, AS AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong Angal, Amit Fulbright, Jon Lei, Ning Mu, Qiaozhen Wang, Zhipeng Wu, Aisheng BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Calibration Improvements for MODIS and VIIRS SWIR Spectral Bands SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE VIIRS; MODIS; SWIR; calibration; solar diffuser; lunar calibration; DCC; PICS ID REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS AB Both MODIS and VIIRS use a solar diffuser (SD) to calibrate their reflective solar bands (RSB), covering wavelengths from 0.41 to 2.3 mu m. On-orbit changes of the SD bi-directional reflectance factor (BRF) are tracked by an on-board solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM). The current SDSM design only covers the spectral range from 0.41 to 0.93 mu m. In general, the SD degradation is strongly wavelength-dependent with larger degradation occurring at shorter wavelengths, and the degradation in the SWIR region is expected to be extremely small. As each mission continues, however, the impact due to SD degradation at SWIR needs to be carefully examined and the correction if necessary should be applied in order to maintain the calibration quality. For Terra MODIS, alternative approaches have been developed and used to estimate the SD degradation for its band 5 at 1.24 mu m and a time-dependent correction has already been applied to the current level 1B (L1B) collection 6 (C6). In this paper, we present different methodologies that can be used to examine the SD degradation and their applications for both Terra and Aqua MODIS and S-NPP VIIRS SWIR calibration. These methodologies include but not limited to the use of lunar observations, Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS), and deep convective clouds (DCC). A brief description of relative approaches and their use is also provided in this paper. C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Angal, Amit; Fulbright, Jon; Lei, Ning; Mu, Qiaozhen; Wang, Zhipeng; Wu, Aisheng] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Wang, Zhipeng/0000-0002-9108-9009 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96071Z DI 10.1117/12.2185818 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200053 ER PT S AU Xiong, XX Fulbright, J Angal, A Wang, ZP Geng, X Butler, J AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong Fulbright, Jon Angal, Amit Wang, Zhipeng Geng, Xu Butler, Jim BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Assessment of MODIS and VIIRS Solar Diffuser On-orbit Degradation SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MODIS; VIIRS; Calibration; Solar Diffuser; Degradation; Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor ID PERFORMANCE AB Both MODIS and VIIRS instruments use a solar diffuser (SD) for their reflective solar bands (RSB) on-orbit calibration. On-orbit changes in SD bi-directional reflectance factor (BRF) are tracked by a solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM) using its alternate measurements of the sunlight reflected off the SD panel and direct sunlight through a fixed attenuation screen. The SDSM calibration data are collected by a number of filtered detectors, covering wavelengths from 0.41 to 0.94 mu m. In this paper we describe briefly the Terra and Aqua MODIS and S-NPP VIIRS SDSM on-orbit operation and calibration activities and strategies, provide an overall assessment of their SDSM on-orbit performance, including wavelength-dependent changes in the SDSM detector responses and changes in their SD BRF, and discuss remaining challenging issues and their potential impact on RSB calibration quality. Due to different launch dates, operating configurations, and calibration frequencies, the Terra and Aqua MODIS and S-NPP VIIRS SD have experienced different amount of SD degradation. However, in general the shorter the wavelength, the larger is the SD on-orbit degradation. On the other hand, the larger changes in SDSM detector responses are observed at longer wavelengths in the near infrared (NIR). C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Butler, Jim] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fulbright, Jon; Angal, Amit; Wang, Zhipeng; Geng, Xu] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Wang, Zhipeng/0000-0002-9108-9009 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 96071T DI 10.1117/12.2185817 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200049 ER PT S AU Yuan, KR Thome, K McCorkel, J AF Yuan, Karen Thome, Kurt McCorkel, Joel BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Radiometric cross-calibration of Terra ASTER and MODIS SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XX CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ASTER; MODIS; radiance-based; vicarious calibration ID VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; REFLECTANCE; SENSORS; SYSTEM; EARTH AB Calibration and validation play an essential role during the acquisition and processing of satellite data for Earth Observing System satellites in addition to being an integral part of maintaining scientific values of archived satellite data. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection and Radiometer (ASTER) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are two of five sensors onboard the Terra platform. ASTER has a swath width of 60 km with 8 spectral bands in the visible and near infrared (VNIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) spectral range with a spatial resolution of 15-m (bands 1-3) and 90-m (bands 10-14), respectively while MODIS has a swath width of 2300 km with 36 spectral bands from visible to infrared spectral range with a spatial resolution of 250 m (bands 1-2), 500 m (bands 3-7), and 1 km (bands 8-36). ASTER is the 'zoom' lens and MODIS is the 'keystone' instrument for Terra; they provide quantitative measurements of various earth system variables to the scientific and to the broader community. The simultaneous view of the sensors simplifies the intercomparison between them and the current work relies on the use of the Railroad Valley Playa test site to reduce uncertainties caused by spatial heterogeneity and spectral differences in the sensors. The fact that Railroad Valley is a calibration test site for ASTER ensures that ASTER was tasked at a higher rate over this area providing more scenes for an intercomparison. The study compares ASTER L1B data for the three VNIR bands reprocessed with recent calibration updates and MODIS 02 Collection 6 data products for the similar bands. No correction for geometry angle is needed and coincident 3-km by 3-km regions are used to reduce the impact of spatial heterogeneity. A correction for spectral differences between the sensors is applied based on seasonal averages of EO-1 Hyperion spectral range. Results indicate that the calibrated radiance products from the two sensors agree to within the combined absolute uncertainties. There is no statistically significant temporal trend between the two and this should allow the correction between the two to within 0.5% over the 10 years studied here. C1 [Yuan, Karen; Thome, Kurt; McCorkel, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yuan, Karen] Wyle Informat Syst, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yuan, KR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM karen.yuan@nasa.gov RI McCorkel, Joel/D-4454-2012 OI McCorkel, Joel/0000-0003-2853-2036 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-773-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9607 AR 960724 DI 10.1117/12.2185539 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0OX UT WOS:000366503200058 ER PT S AU Brashears, T Lubin, P Turyshev, S Shao, M Zhang, QC AF Brashears, Travis Lubin, Philip Turyshev, Slava Shao, Michael Zhang, Qicheng BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Solar Lens Mission Concept for Interstellar Exploration SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Solar gravity lens; directed energy; directed energy propulsion; mission concept; near-term mission AB The long standing approach to space travel has been to incorporate massive on-board electronics, probes and propellants to achieve space exploration. This approach has led to many great achievements in science, but will never help to explore the interstellar medium. Fortunately, a paradigm shift is upon us in how a spacecraft is constructed and propelled. This paper describes a mission concept to get to our Sun's Gravity Lens at 550AU in less than 10 years. It will be done by using DE-STAR, a scalable solar-powered phased-array laser in Earth Orbit, as a directed energy photon drive of low-mass wafersats. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] With recent technologies a complete mission can be placed on a wafer including, power from an embedded radio nuclear thermal generator (RTG), PV, laser communications, imaging, photon thrusters for attitude control and other sensors. As one example, a futuristic 200 MW laser array consisting of 1 - 10 kw meter scale sub elements with a 100m baseline can propel a 10 gram wafer scale spacecraft with a 3m laser sail to 60AU/Year. Directed energy propulsion of low-mass spacecraft gives us an opportunity to capture images of Alpha Centauri and its planets, detailed imaging of the cosmic microwave background, set up interstellar communications by using gravity lenses around nearby stars to boost signals from interstellar probes, and much more. This system offers a very large range of missions allowing hundreds of wafer scale payload launches per day to reach this cosmological data reservoir. Directed Energy Propulsion is the only current technology that can provide a near-term path to utilize our Sun's Gravity Lens. C1 [Brashears, Travis; Lubin, Philip; Zhang, Qicheng] Univ Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Turyshev, Slava; Shao, Michael] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Brashears, T (reprint author), Univ Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM trbrashears@gmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-782-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9616 AR 96160A DI 10.1117/12.2189019 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0OL UT WOS:000366495300009 ER PT S AU Romeo, RC Martin, RN Bollweg, K AF Romeo, R. C. Martin, R. N. Bollweg, K. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI "Discussions on radiation and space environment exposure of replicated optical mirrors produced from carbon composites," SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE composite mirrors; RICH mirrors; space qualified optics; carbon fiber composites; MISSE; AMS-02 AB Radiation effects are well known to cause significant degradation in polymer materials. Low earth orbit (LEO) radiation exposures cause ionization potentials that can undermine mechanical properties of polymers. In particular, small scale degradations can undermine carbon / polymer composite mirrors used in imaging applications. A high-specularity surface finish is required for optical mirrors and that surface is vulnerable to radiation ionization degradation thereby undermining the optical performance of the mirror in that environment. Experiments involving radiation ionization and its effects on replicated carbon/polymer composite mirrors will be discussed; 6 replicated carbon/ polymer composite mirrors on the Materials on the International Space Station Experiment, MISSE 7A and MISSE 8, the replicated RICH mirror the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) and testing on the RICH 1 replicated mirrors in the LHCb experiment. Results are favorable for optically coated composite mirrors in terms of mirror figure, reflectivity and surface finish, but not so on uncoated polymer mirrors. C1 [Romeo, R. C.; Martin, R. N.] Composite Mirror Applicat Inc, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. [Bollweg, K.] NASA, Johnson Space Flight Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Romeo, RC (reprint author), Composite Mirror Applicat Inc, 1638 S Res Loop, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. EM RobertRomeo@compositemirrors.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-782-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9616 AR 961602 DI 10.1117/12.2206184 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0OL UT WOS:000366495300001 ER PT S AU Bradley, CL Kupinski, M Diner, DJ Xu, F Chipman, RA AF Bradley, Christine L. Kupinski, Meredith Diner, David J. Xu, Feng Chipman, Russell A. BE Shaw, JA LeMaster, DA TI Spectral Invariance Hypothesis Study of Polarized Reflectance with Ground-Based Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (GroundMSPI) SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing VII CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE pBRF; pBRDF; land surface reflectance; spectrally neutral; spectral invariance; Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (MSPI) ID AEROSOL PROPERTIES; LAND SURFACES; RETRIEVAL AB Many models used to represent the boundary condition for the separation of atmospheric scattering from the surface reflectance in polarized remote sensing measurements assume that the polarized surface reflectance is spectrally neutral. The Spectral Invariance Hypothesis asserts that the magnitude and shape of the polarized bidirectional reflectance factor (pBRF) is equal for all wavelengths. In order to test this hypothesis, JPL's Ground-based Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (GroundMSPI) is used to measure polarization information of different outdoor surface types. GroundMSPI measures the linear polarization Stokes parameters (I, Q, U), at three wavelengths, 470 nm, 660 nm, and 865 nm. The camera is mounted on a two-axis gimbal to accurately select the view azimuth and elevation directions. On clear sky days we acquired day-long scans of scenes that contain various surface types such as grass, dirt, cement, brick, and asphalt and placed a Spectralon panel in the camera field of view to provide a reflectance reference. Over the course of each day, changing solar position in the sky provides a large range of scattering angles for this study. The polarized bidirectional reflectance factor (pBRF) is measured for the three wavelengths and the best fit slope of the spectral correlation is reported. This work reports the range of best fit slopes measured for five region types. C1 [Bradley, Christine L.; Kupinski, Meredith; Chipman, Russell A.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Diner, David J.; Xu, Feng] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bradley, CL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cbradley@optics.arizona.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-779-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9613 AR 96130U DI 10.1117/12.2187495 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OP UT WOS:000366497500025 ER PT S AU Foster, R Ibrahim, A Gilerson, A El-Habashi, A Carrizo, C Ahmed, S AF Foster, Robert Ibrahim, Amir Gilerson, Alex El-Habashi, Ahmed Carrizo, Carlos Ahmed, Sam BE Shaw, JA LeMaster, DA TI Characterization of Sun and sky glint from wind ruffled sea surfaces for improved estimation of polarized remote sensing reflectance SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing VII CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DIELECTRIC INTERFACE; TRANSMISSION MATRIX; MONTE-CARLO; LIGHT; RADIANCE; ATMOSPHERE; RETRIEVAL; SKYLIGHT; WATERS AB During two cruises in 2014, the polarized radiance of the ocean and the sky were continuously acquired using a HyperSAS-POL system. The system consists of seven hyperspectral radiometric sensors, three of which (one unpolarized and two polarized) look at the water and similarly three at the sky. The system autonomously tracks the Sun position and the heading of the research vessel to which it is attached in order to maintain a fixed relative azimuth angle with respect to the Sun (i.e. 90 degrees) and therefore avoid the specular reflection of the sunlight. For the duration of both cruises, (NASA Ship Aircraft Bio-Optical Research (SABOR), and NOAA VIIRS Validation/Calibration), in situ inherent optical properties (IOPs) were continuously acquired using a set of instrument packages modified for underway measurement, and hyperspectral radiometric measurements were taken manually at all stations. During SABOR, an underwater polarimeter was deployed when conditions permitted. All measurements were combined in an effort to first develop a glint (sky + Sun) correction scheme for the upwelling polarized signal from a wind driven ocean surface and compare with one assuming that the ocean surface is flat. C1 [Foster, Robert; Gilerson, Alex; El-Habashi, Ahmed; Carrizo, Carlos; Ahmed, Sam] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Ibrahim, Amir] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gilerson, A (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM rfoster01@citymail.cuny.edu; gilerson@ccny.cuny.edu OI Ibrahim, Amir/0000-0002-3290-056X NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-779-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9613 AR 96130W DI 10.1117/12.2190652 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OP UT WOS:000366497500027 ER PT S AU Kupinski, M Bradley, C Diner, D Xu, F Chipman, R AF Kupinski, Meredith Bradley, Christine Diner, David Xu, Feng Chipman, Russell BE Shaw, JA LeMaster, DA TI Applying a Microfacet Model to Polarized Light Scattering Measurements of the Earth's Surface SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing VII CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Land surface; reflection models; polarized light scattering; p-BRDF; Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Matrix (BRDM); Bidirectional Polarized reflectance Distribution Function (BPDF); Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (MSPI) ID MULTIANGLE SPECTROPOLARIMETRIC IMAGER; ANGLE PHOTOPOLARIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; LAND SURFACES; REFLECTANCE; AEROSOL AB Representative examples from three-years of measurements from JPL's Ground-based Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (Ground-MSPI)[1] are compared to a model for the surface polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution matrix (BRDM). Ground-MSPI is an eight-band spectropolarimetric camera mounted on a rotating gimbal to acquire pushbroom imagery of outdoor landscapes. The camera uses a photoelastic-modulator-based polarimetric imaging technique to measure linear Stokes parameters in three wavebands (470, 660, and 865 nm) with a +/-0.005 uncertainty in degree of linear polarization (DoLP). Comparisons between MSPI measurements, BRDM models, and common modifications to the model are made over a range of scattering angles determined from a fixed viewing geometry and varying sun positions over time. The BRDM model is comprised of a volumetric reflection term plus a specular reflection term of Fresnel-reflecting micro-facets. We consider modifications to this model using a shadowing function and two different micro-facet scattering density functions. We report the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the Ground-MSPI measurements and BRDM model. The BRDM model predicts an angle of the linear polarization (AoLP) that is perpendicular to the scattering plane. This is usually, but not always, observed in Ground-MSPI measurements and in this work we offer explanations for some of the deviations from the model. C1 [Kupinski, Meredith; Bradley, Christine; Chipman, Russell] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Diner, David; Xu, Feng] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kupinski, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM meredith@optics.arizona.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-779-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9613 AR 96130T DI 10.1117/12.2188207 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OP UT WOS:000366497500024 ER PT S AU Vanderbilt, V Daughtry, C Dahlgren, R AF Vanderbilt, Vern Daughtry, Craig Dahlgren, Robert BE Shaw, JA LeMaster, DA TI Remotely Sensing the Photochemical Reflectance Index, PRI SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing VII CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE remote sensing; photochemical reflectance index; PRI; polarization; leaf reflectance; leaf transmittance ID LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; CANOPY; FOREST; LEAVES AB In remote sensing, the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) provides insight into physiological processes occurring inside leaves in a plant stand. Developed by(1,2), PRI evolved from laboratory reflectance measurements of individual leaves. Yet in a remotely sensed image, a pixel measurement may include light from both reflecting and transmitting leaves. We compared values of PRI based upon polarized reflectance and transmittance measurements of water and nutrient stressed leaves. Our results show the polarized leaf surface reflection should be removed when calculating PRI and that the leaf physiology information is in leaf interior reflectance, not leaf transmittance. C1 [Vanderbilt, Vern] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Daughtry, Craig] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Dahlgren, Robert] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, CSUMB, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Vanderbilt, V (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-779-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9613 AR 96130Z DI 10.1117/12.2187160 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OP UT WOS:000366497500030 ER PT S AU Loubeau, A Naka, Y Cook, BG Sparrow, VW Morgenstern, JM AF Loubeau, Alexandra Naka, Yusuke Cook, Brian G. Sparrow, Victor W. Morgenstern, John M. BE BlancBenon, P Sparrow, VW Dragna, D TI A New Evaluation of Noise Metrics for Sonic Booms Using Existing Data SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics (ISNA) including the 2nd International Sonic Boom Forum (ISBF) CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2015 CL Ecole Centrale Lyon, Lyon, FRANCE SP Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust, Gulfstream Aerosp Corp, Lab Mecanique Fluides Acoustique, Soc Franvaise Acoustique, Ctr Lyonnais Acoustique HO Ecole Centrale Lyon AB An evaluation of noise metrics for predicting human perception of sonic booms was performed. Twenty-five metrics were chosen from standards and from the literature in an effort to include all potentially relevant metrics. Three different datasets of sonic boom waveforms and associated human response were chosen to span a variety of signals, including traditional N-waves with various shock shapes and rise times, and predicted waveforms from designs of low-boom aircraft for a variety of aircraft sizes. These datasets were derived from laboratory studies conducted in sonic boom simulators at NASA Langley Research Center and JAXA. Simulations of booms experienced in both outdoor and indoor environments were included by using different facilities at NASA or modifications to facility configurations at JAXA. American and Japanese test subjects participated at NASA and JAXA, respectively. Ratings of loudness using a magnitude estimation technique and ratings of annoyance using a category line scaling method are included. The evaluation consists of linear correlations of human response data with the objective noise metrics. Results are presented for each study, and eight metrics are suggested for further analysis. C1 [Loubeau, Alexandra] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Naka, Yusuke] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Cook, Brian G.] Gulfstream Aerosp Corp, Savannah, GA 31408 USA. [Sparrow, Victor W.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Morgenstern, John M.] Lockheed Martin Aeronaut Co, Palmdale, CA 93599 USA. RP Loubeau, A (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 463, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM a.loubeau@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1332-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1685 AR UNSP 090015 DI 10.1063/1.4934481 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Physics GA BE0PU UT WOS:000366570200101 ER PT S AU Rathsam, J Klos, J Loubeau, A AF Rathsam, Jonathan Klos, Jacob Loubeau, Alexandra BE BlancBenon, P Sparrow, VW Dragna, D TI Influence of Chair Vibrations on Indoor Sonic Boom Annoyance SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics (ISNA) including the 2nd International Sonic Boom Forum (ISBF) CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2015 CL Ecole Centrale Lyon, Lyon, FRANCE SP Acoust Soc Amer, Int Commiss Acoust, Gulfstream Aerosp Corp, Lab Mecanique Fluides Acoustique, Soc Franvaise Acoustique, Ctr Lyonnais Acoustique HO Ecole Centrale Lyon AB One goal of NASA's Commercial Supersonic Technology Project is to identify candidate noise metrics suitable for regulating quiet sonic boom aircraft. A suitable metric must consider the short duration and pronounced low frequency content of sonic booms. For indoor listeners, rattle and creaking sounds and floor and chair vibrations may also be important. The current study examined the effect of such vibrations on the annoyance of test subjects seated indoors. The study involved two chairs exposed to nearly identical acoustic levels: one placed directly on the floor, and the other isolated from floor vibrations by pneumatic elastomeric mounts. All subjects experienced both chairs, sitting in one chair for the first half of the experiment and the other chair for the remaining half. Each half of the experiment consisted of 80 impulsive noises played at the exterior of the sonic boom simulator. When all annoyance ratings were analyzed together there appeared to be no difference in mean annoyance with isolation condition. When the apparent effect of transfer bias was removed, a subtle but measurable effect of vibration on annoyance was identified. C1 [Rathsam, Jonathan; Klos, Jacob; Loubeau, Alexandra] NASA, Struct Acoust Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Rathsam, J (reprint author), NASA, Struct Acoust Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 463, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM jonathan.rathsam@nasa.gov; j.klos@nasa.gov; a.loubeau@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1332-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1685 AR UNSP 090014 DI 10.1063/1.4934480 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Physics GA BE0PU UT WOS:000366570200100 ER PT S AU Kumar, U Milesi, C Raja, SK Nemani, RR Ganguly, S Wang, WL AF Kumar, Uttam Milesi, Cristina Raja, S. Kumar Nemani, Ramakrishna R. Ganguly, Sangram Wang, Weile BE Gao, W Chang, NB TI Land cover fraction estimation with global endmembers using collaborative SUnSAL SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability XII CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE land cover; subpixel classification; unmixing algorithm; endmember; linear mixture model; collaborative SUnSAL; fully constrained least squares; sparse regression ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; SPARSE REGRESSION; EXTRACTION; MODELS; OPTIMIZATION; IMAGERY AB Land cover (LC) refers to the physical state of the Earth's surface such as soil, vegetation and water, etc. However, most LC features occur at spatial scales much finer than the resolution of the primary remote sensing satellites. In this paper, we explore the possibility of collaborative sparse unmixing for estimation and quantification of LC classes at subpixel level to obtain abundance maps in both the unconstrained and constrained forms (with abundance nonnegativity and abundance sum-to-one constraints imposed). Firstly, computer simulated noise-free and noisy data (Gaussian noise of different noise variance: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256) were unmixed with a set of global endmembers (substrate, vegetation and dark objects) in the NASA Earth Exchange. In the second set of experiments, a spectrally diverse collection of 11 cloud free scenes of Landsat-5 TM data representing an agricultural set-up in Fresno, California, USA were unmixed and validated using ground vegetation cover. Finally, Landsat-5 TM data for an area of San Francisco (an urbanized landscape), California, USA were used to assess the algorithms and compared with the fractional estimates of World View-2 data (2 m spatial resolution) for validation. The results were evaluated by using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, RMSE, probability of success and bivariate distribution function. With computer-simulated data, both unconstrained and constrained solutions gave excellent results up to a certain noise variance, beyond which the performance in classification gradually decreased. For the agricultural setup, mean absolute error (MAE) of vegetation fraction between actual and estimated abundance values was 0.08 for both unconstrained and constrained case, and for the urban landscape, average MAE of the three classes considered was 0.73 for unconstrained and 0.07 for the constrained solution. C1 [Kumar, Uttam] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Milesi, Cristina; Nemani, Ramakrishna R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Raja, S. Kumar] Airbus Engn Ctr India, EADS Innovat Works, Bangalore 560048, Karnataka, India. [Ganguly, Sangram] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, BAERI, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wang, Weile] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kumar, U (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM uttam.kumar@nasa.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-776-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9610 AR UNSP 96100B DI 10.1117/12.2192173 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OU UT WOS:000366501400006 ER PT S AU Chutjian, A El Ghazaly, MOA Mahapatra, DP Moradmand, A AF Chutjian, A. El Ghazaly, M. O. A. Mahapatra, D. P. Moradmand, A. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Electrostatic Storage Ring for Physics and Space Studies SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB An electrostatic ion storage ring is being designed at JPL for application to present and future needs in solar/stellar physics, planet/exoplanet atmospheres, circumstellar clouds, and the interstellar medium. C1 [Chutjian, A.; El Ghazaly, M. O. A.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Moradmand, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Astrophys & Space Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mahapatra, D. P.] Utkal Univ, Dept Phys, Bhubaneswar 751004, Orissa, India. RP Chutjian, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Astrophys & Space Sci Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ara.chutjian@jpl.nasa.gov; mohamed.el.ghazaly@jpl.nasa.gov; durga.p.mahapatra@jpl.nasa.gov; ali.moradmand@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR UNSP 032099 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/3/032099 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000221 ER PT S AU Defrance, P El Ghazaly, MOA Jureta, JJ AF Defrance, P. El Ghazaly, M. O. A. Jureta, J. J. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Electron Impact Ionization and Dissociation of N-3(+) SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB Absolute cross sections for electron impact ionization and dissociation of N-3(+) ions have been measured in a crossed-beams apparatus. In this experiment, three product ions were collected separately: N-3(2+), N+ and N-2(+). The single ionization process (formation of N-3(2+)) shows a threshold around 22 eV with a maximum cross section of (1.61 +/- 0.01) x 10(-17) cm(2) at 120 eV. The two dissociative reactions leading to N+ and N-2(+) fragments are also analyzed in detail. C1 [Defrance, P.; El Ghazaly, M. O. A.; Jureta, J. J.] Catholic Univ Louvain, IMCN, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [El Ghazaly, M. O. A.; Jureta, J. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Astrophys & Space Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jureta, J. J.] Univ Belgrade, Inst Phys, Belgrade 11081, Serbia. RP Defrance, P (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, IMCN, Chemin Cyclotron 2, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. EM mohamed.el.ghazaly@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 072074 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/7/072074 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000418 ER PT S AU El Ghazaly, MOA AF El Ghazaly, Mohamed O. A. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI ELASR- an ELectrostAtic Storage Ring in Riyadh for Atomic Collisions SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB A new ELectrostAtic Storage Ring (ELASR) is being built at the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ELASR was designed to be the core of the new laboratory for atomic and molecular collisions at KACST. ELASR has been assembled, mounted and vacuum-tested. It is currently undergoing commissioning. C1 [El Ghazaly, Mohamed O. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Astrophys & Space Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [El Ghazaly, Mohamed O. A.] King Abdulaziz City Sci & Technol, Riyadh 1442, Saudi Arabia. RP El Ghazaly, MOA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Astrophys & Space Sci Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mohamed.el.ghazaly@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR UNSP 032098 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/3/032098 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000220 ER PT S AU Machacek, JR Mahapatra, DP Schultz, DR Ralchenko, Y Moradmand, A El Ghazaly, MOA Chutjian, A AF Machacek, J. R. Mahapatra, D. P. Schultz, D. R. Ralchenko, Yu Moradmand, A. El Ghazaly, M. O. A. Chutjian, A. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Measurements and Theoretical Predictions of Charge Exchange Cross Sections and Emission Spectra for O6+ with H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, N-2, NO, N2O and Ar SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB Relevant to modeling and understanding X-ray emission from cometary and planetary atmospheres, total charge-exchange cross sections for 1.17 and 2.33 keV/u O6+ ions colliding with H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, N-2, NO, N2O, and Ar have been measured and calculated for the processes of single, double, and triple exchanges. Synthetic emission spectra spanning the X-ray, UV, and visible ranges have also been calculated, based on theoretical treatment of the transfer of between one and six electrons from the target neutral to the projectile ion, followed by radiative and non-radiative decay of the resulting highly-excited projectile states. C1 [Machacek, J. R.] Australian Natl Univ, Positron Phys Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Mahapatra, D. P.; Moradmand, A.; El Ghazaly, M. O. A.; Chutjian, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Astrophys & Space Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mahapatra, D. P.] Utkal Univ, Dept Phys, Bhubaneswar 751004, Orissa, India. [Schultz, D. R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Ralchenko, Yu] NIST, Atom Spect Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Machacek, JR (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Positron Phys Grp, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM david.schultz@unt.edu; ara.chutjian@jpl.nasa.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016; Machacek, Joshua/A-5316-2011 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 022076 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/2/022076 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000107 ER PT S AU Tiessen, CJ Hein, JD Trocchi, JA Kedzierski, W McConkey, JW AF Tiessen, C. J. Hein, J. D. Trocchi, J. A. Kedzierski, W. McConkey, J. W. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Dissociative Excitation of Thymine in the VUV. SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB Dissociative excitation of thymine into excited atomic fragments has been studied in the electron impact energy range from threshold to 435 eV. The main features in the spectrum are the H Lyman series lines. C1 [Tiessen, C. J.; Hein, J. D.; Trocchi, J. A.; Kedzierski, W.; McConkey, J. W.] Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Hein, J. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tiessen, CJ (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 072006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/7/072006 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000357 ER PT J AU Iimura, H Fritts, DC Janches, D Singer, W Mitchell, NJ AF Iimura, H. Fritts, D. C. Janches, D. Singer, W. Mitchell, N. J. TI Interhemispheric structure and variability of the 5-day planetary wave from meteor radar wind measurements SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; Middle atmosphere dynamics ID MODE ROSSBY WAVES; NONUNIFORM BACKGROUND CONFIGURATIONS; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; 6.5-DAY WAVE; ARCTIC MESOSPHERE; EQUATORIAL MESOSPHERE; UPPER-STRATOSPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MEAN WINDS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB A study of the quasi-5-day wave (5DW) was performed using meteor radars at conjugate latitudes in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. These radars are located at Esrange, Sweden (68 degrees N) and Juliusruh, Germany (55 degrees N) in the Northern Hemisphere, and at Tierra del Fuego, Argentina (54 degrees S) and Rothera Station, Antarctica (68 degrees S) in the Southern Hemisphere. The analysis was performed using data collected during simultaneous measurements by the four radars from June 2010 to December 2012 at altitudes from 84 to 96 km. The 5DW was found to exhibit significant short-term, seasonal, and interannual variability at all sites. Typical events had planetary wave periods that ranged between 4 and 7 days, durations of only a few cycles, and infrequent strongly peaked variances and covariances. Winds exhibited rotary structures that varied strongly among sites and between events, and maximum amplitudes up to similar to 20 m s(-1). Mean horizontal velocity covariances tended to be largely negative at all sites throughout the interval studied. C1 [Iimura, H.; Fritts, D. C.] GATS Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Janches, D.] NASA, GSFC, Space Weather Lab, Goddard, MD USA. [Singer, W.] Univ Rostock, Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Kuhlungsborn, Germany. [Mitchell, N. J.] Univ Bath, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Iimura, H (reprint author), GATS Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM iimura@gats-inc.com FU NSF [OPP-0839084, AGS-1112830]; NASA [NNH12CF02C] FX This research was supported by NSF under grant OPP-0839084 and AGS-1112830, and by NASA under contract NNH12CF02C. We wish to thank the EARG personnel for their invaluable help with the operation of SAAMER. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1349 EP 1359 DI 10.5194/angeo-33-1349-2015 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TY UT WOS:000365978300002 ER PT J AU Georgiou, M Daglis, IA Zesta, E Balasis, G Mann, IR Katsavrias, C Tsinganos, K AF Georgiou, M. Daglis, I. A. Zesta, E. Balasis, G. Mann, I. R. Katsavrias, C. Tsinganos, K. TI Association of radiation belt electron enhancements with earthward penetration of Pc5 ULF waves: a case study of intense 2001 magnetic storms SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; plasmasphere; storms and substorms; space plasma physics; wave-particle interactions ID SOLAR-WIND; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; RING CURRENT; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; SLOT REGION; PULSATIONS; ACCELERATION; DIFFUSION AB Geospace magnetic storms, driven by the solar wind, are associated with increases or decreases in the fluxes of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt. We examine the response of relativistic electrons to four intense magnetic storms, during which the minimum of the Dst index ranged from - 105 to - 387 nT, and compare these with concurrent observations of ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves from the trans-Scandinavian IMAGE magnetometer network and stations from multiple magnetometer arrays available through the worldwide SuperMAG collaboration. The latitudinal and global distribution of Pc5 wave power is examined to determine how deep into the magnetosphere these waves penetrate. We then investigate the role of Pc5 wave activity deep in the magnetosphere in enhancements of radiation belt electrons population observed in the recovery phase of the magnetic storms. We show that, during magnetic storms characterized by increased post-storm electron fluxes as compared to their pre-storm values, the earthward shift of peak and inner boundary of the outer electron radiation belt follows the Pc5 wave activity, reaching L shells as low as 3-4. In contrast, the one magnetic storm characterized by irreversible loss of electrons was related to limited Pc5 wave activity that was not intensified at low L shells. These observations demonstrate that enhanced Pc5 ULF wave activity penetrating deep into the magnetosphere during the main and recovery phase of magnetic storms can, for the cases examined, distinguish storms that resulted in increases in relativistic electron fluxes in the outer radiation belts from those that did not. C1 [Georgiou, M.; Daglis, I. A.; Katsavrias, C.; Tsinganos, K.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Panepistimiopoli Zografou, Athens 15784, Greece. [Georgiou, M.; Balasis, G.; Tsinganos, K.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron Astrophys Space Applicat & Remote Sen, Penteli 15236, Greece. [Zesta, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mann, I. R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. RP Georgiou, M (reprint author), Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Panepistimiopoli Zografou, Athens 15784, Greece. EM margeo@phys.uoa.gr RI Balasis, Georgios/G-8680-2012; Daglis, Ioannis/L-6100-2013 OI Balasis, Georgios/0000-0001-7342-0557; Daglis, Ioannis/0000-0002-0764-3442 FU European Union [FP7-SPACE-2011-1, 284520]; OpenAIRE project (Horizon) [643410]; Canadian NSERC FX The work leading to this paper received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-SPACE-2011-1) under grant agreement no. 284520 for the "Monitoring, Analyzing and Assessing Radiation Belt Energization and Loss" (MAARBLE) collaborative research project. This paper reflects only the authors views and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. The publication costs are funded through the OpenAIRE project (Horizon 2020, grant agreement no. 643410). I. R. Mann is supported by a Discovery Grant from the Canadian NSERC. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1431 EP 1442 DI 10.5194/angeo-33-1431-2015 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TY UT WOS:000365978300008 ER PT J AU Arola, A Schuster, GL Pitkanen, MRA Dubovik, O Kokkola, H Lindfors, AV Mielonen, T Raatikainen, T Romakkaniemi, S Tripathi, SN Lihavainen, H AF Arola, A. Schuster, G. L. Pitkanen, M. R. A. Dubovik, O. Kokkola, H. Lindfors, A. V. Mielonen, T. Raatikainen, T. Romakkaniemi, S. Tripathi, S. N. Lihavainen, H. TI Direct radiative effect by brown carbon over the Indo-Gangetic Plain SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-CARBON; AERONET; DEPENDENCE; NETWORK AB The importance of light-absorbing organic aerosols, often called brown carbon (BrC), has become evident in recent years. However, there have been relatively few measurement-based estimates for the direct radiative effect of BrC so far. In earlier studies, the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET)-measured aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) and absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) were exploited. However, these two pieces of information are clearly not sufficient to separate properly carbonaceous aerosols from dust, while imaginary indices of refraction would contain more and better justified information for this purpose. This is first time that the direct radiative effect (DRE) of BrC is estimated by exploiting the AERONET-retrieved imaginary indices. We estimated it for four sites in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), Karachi, Lahore, Kanpur and Gandhi College. We found a distinct seasonality, which was generally similar among all the sites, but with slightly different strengths. The monthly warming effect up to 0.5 W m(-2) takes place during the spring season. On the other hand, BrC results in an overall cooling effect in the winter season, which can reach levels close to -1 W m(-2). We then estimated similarly also the DRE of black carbon and total aerosol, in order to assess the relative significance of the BrC radiative effect in the radiative effects of other components. Even though BrC impact seems minor in this context, we demonstrated that it is not insignificant. Moreover, we demonstrated that it is crucial to perform spectrally resolved radiative transfer calculations to obtain good estimates for the DRE of BrC. C1 [Arola, A.; Pitkanen, M. R. A.; Kokkola, H.; Lindfors, A. V.; Mielonen, T.; Romakkaniemi, S.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio, Finland. [Schuster, G. L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Pitkanen, M. R. A.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio, Finland. [Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Raatikainen, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Tripathi, S. N.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Tripathi, S. N.] Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Arola, A (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio, Finland. EM antti.arola@fmi.fi RI Lindfors, Anders/C-6727-2012; Raatikainen, Tomi/C-5410-2014; Romakkaniemi, Sami/C-1308-2012; Tripathi, Sachchida/J-4840-2016; Mielonen, Tero/L-7067-2014; Kokkola, Harri/J-5993-2014; OI Romakkaniemi, Sami/0000-0001-9414-3093; Mielonen, Tero/0000-0003-1496-097X; Arola, Antti/0000-0002-9220-0194 FU Academy of Finland [264242] FX This study was supported by the Academy of Finland (project number 264242). NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 22 BP 12731 EP 12740 DI 10.5194/acp-15-12731-2015 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TM UT WOS:000365977100003 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Henze, D Bash, J Jeong, GR Cady-Pereira, K Shephard, M Luo, M Paulot, F Capps, S AF Zhu, L. Henze, D. Bash, J. Jeong, G. -R. Cady-Pereira, K. Shephard, M. Luo, M. Paulot, F. Capps, S. TI Global evaluation of ammonia bidirectional exchange and livestock diurnal variation schemes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOSPHERE-ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; AIR-QUALITY MODEL; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GEOS-CHEM; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; PARTICULATE MATTER AB Bidirectional air-surface exchange of ammonia (NH3) has been neglected in many air quality models. In this study, we implement the bidirectional exchange of NH3 in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model. We also introduce an updated diurnal variability scheme for NH3 livestock emissions and evaluate the recently developed MASAGE_NH3 bottom-up inventory. While updated diurnal variability improves comparison of modeled-to-hourly in situ measurements in the southeastern USA, NH3 concentrations decrease throughout the globe, up to 17 ppb in India and southeastern China, with corresponding decreases in aerosol nitrate by up to 7 mu g m(-3). The ammonium (NH4+) soil pool in the bidirectional exchange model largely extends the NH3 lifetime in the atmosphere. Including bidirectional exchange generally increases NH3 gross emissions (7.1 %) and surface concentrations (up to 3.9 ppb) throughout the globe in July, except in India and southeastern China. In April and October, it decreases NH3 gross emissions in the Northern Hemisphere (e.g., 43.6 % in April in China) and increases NH3 gross emissions in the Southern Hemisphere. Bidirectional exchange does not largely impact NH4+ wet deposition overall. While bidirectional exchange is fundamentally a better representation of NH3 emissions from fertilizers, emissions from primary sources are still underestimated and thus significant model biases remain when compared to in situ measurements in the USA. The adjoint of bidirectional exchange has also been developed for the GEOS-Chem model and is used to investigate the sensitivity of NH3 concentrations with respect to soil pH and fertilizer application rate. This study thus lays the groundwork for future inverse modeling studies to more directly constrain these physical processes rather than tuning bulk unidirectional NH3 emissions. C1 [Zhu, L.; Henze, D.; Jeong, G. -R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bash, J.; Jeong, G. -R.; Capps, S.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Cady-Pereira, K.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Shephard, M.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Luo, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Paulot, F.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Paulot, F.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Henze, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM daven.henze@colorado.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Capps, Shannon/E-5602-2017 OI Capps, Shannon/0000-0002-6872-6604 FU NASA [NNX09AN77G, NNX10AG63G]; EPA STAR award [RD834559] FX This work is supported by NASA grants NNX09AN77G and NNX10AG63G and EPA STAR award RD834559. While this manuscript has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, it may not reflect official agency views or policies. NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 22 BP 12823 EP 12843 DI 10.5194/acp-15-12823-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TM UT WOS:000365977100008 ER PT J AU Doniki, S Hurtmans, D Clarisse, L Clerbaux, C Worden, HM Bowman, KW Coheur, PF AF Doniki, S. Hurtmans, D. Clarisse, L. Clerbaux, C. Worden, H. M. Bowman, K. W. Coheur, P. -F. TI Instantaneous longwave radiative impact of ozone: an application on IASI/MetOp observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; FLUX ESTIMATION; IASI; SOUNDER; MODEL; ATTRIBUTION; RETRIEVALS; PROFILES AB Ozone is an important greenhouse gas in terms of anthropogenic radiative forcing (RF). RF calculations for ozone were until recently entirely model based, and significant discrepancies were reported due to different model characteristics. However, new instantaneous radiative kernels (IRKs) calculated from hyperspectral thermal IR satellites have been able to help adjudicate between different climate model RF calculations. IRKs are defined as the sensitivity of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) flux with respect to the ozone vertical distribution in the full 9.6 mu m band. Previous methods applied to measurements from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on Aura rely on an anisotropy approximation for the angular integration. In this paper, we present a more accurate but more computationally expensive method to calculate these kernels. The method of direct integration is based on similar principles to the anisotropy approximation, but it deals more precisely with the integration of the Jacobians. We describe both methods and highlight their differences with respect to the IRKs and the ozone longwave radiative effect (LWRE), i.e., the radiative impact in OLR due to absorption by ozone, for both tropospheric and total columns, from measurements of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) onboard MetOp-A. Biases between the two methods vary from -25 to +20% for the LWRE, depending on the viewing angle. These biases point to the inadequacy of the anisotropy method, especially at nadir, suggesting that the TES-derived LWREs are biased low by around 25% and that chemistry-climate model OLR biases with respect to TES are underestimated. In this paper we also exploit the sampling performance of IASI to obtain first daily global distributions of the LWRE, for 12 days (the 15th of each month) in 2011, calculated with the direct integration method. We show that the temporal variation of global and latitudinal averages of the LWRE shows patterns which are controlled by changes in the surface temperature and ozone variation due to specific processes, such as the ozone hole in the polar regions and stratospheric intrusions into the troposphere. C1 [Doniki, S.; Hurtmans, D.; Clarisse, L.; Clerbaux, C.; Coheur, P. -F.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Spectroscopie Atmosphere, Brussels, Belgium. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Versailles St Quentin, CNRS INSU,LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Worden, H. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, ACOM Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Doniki, S (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Spectroscopie Atmosphere, Brussels, Belgium. EM sdoniki@ulb.ac.be RI clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013 FU F.R.S.-FNRS; Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs; European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex arrangements IASI. Flow); European Space Agency (BO3M-SAF); O3-CCI project - ESA; O3M-SAF project - EUMETSAT; NASA-ROSES Aura Science Team proposal FX IASI was developed and built under the responsibility of the "Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales" (CNES, France). It is flown on board the MetOp satellites as part of the EUMETSAT Polar System. The IASI L1 and L2 data are received through the EUMETCast near-real-time data distribution service. The research in Belgium was funded by the F.R.S.-FNRS; the Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs; and the European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex arrangements IASI. Flow and BO3M-SAF). We acknowledge support from the O3-CCI project funded by ESA and by the O3M-SAF project funded by EUMETSAT. L. Clarisse and P.-F. Coheur are respectively research associate (Chercheur Qualifie) and senior research associate (Maitre de Recherches) with the Belgian F.R.S.-FNRS. C. Clerbaux is grateful to CNES for scientific collaboration and financial support. K. W. Bowman and H. M. Worden were funded by a NASA-ROSES 2013 Aura Science Team proposal. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 22 BP 12971 EP 12987 DI 10.5194/acp-15-12971-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TM UT WOS:000365977100016 ER PT J AU Lindqvist, H O'Dell, CW Basu, S Boesch, H Chevallier, F Deutscher, N Feng, L Fisher, B Hase, F Inoue, M Kivi, R Morino, I Palmer, PI Parker, R Schneider, M Sussmann, R Yoshida, Y AF Lindqvist, H. O'Dell, C. W. Basu, S. Boesch, H. Chevallier, F. Deutscher, N. Feng, L. Fisher, B. Hase, F. Inoue, M. Kivi, R. Morino, I. Palmer, P. I. Parker, R. Schneider, M. Sussmann, R. Yoshida, Y. TI Does GOSAT capture the true seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide? SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; CO2 RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; VOLUME MIXING RATIOS; GREENHOUSE GASES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TRANSPORT MODEL; TCCON SITES; SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS; AVERAGED CO2; X-CO2 DATA AB The seasonal cycle accounts for a dominant mode of total column CO2 (XCO2) annual variability and is connected to CO2 uptake and release; it thus represents an important quantity to test the accuracy of the measurements from space. We quantitatively evaluate the XCO2 seasonal cycle of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) observations from the Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) retrieval system and compare average regional seasonal cycle features to those directly measured by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We analyse the mean seasonal cycle amplitude, dates of maximum and minimum XCO2, as well as the regional growth rates in XCO2 through the fitted trend over several years. We find that GOSAT/ACOS captures the seasonal cycle amplitude within 1.0 ppm accuracy compared to TCCON, except in Europe, where the difference exceeds 1.0 ppm at two sites, and the amplitude captured by GOSAT/ACOS is generally shallower compared to TCCON. This bias over Europe is not as large for the other GOSAT retrieval algorithms (NIES v02.21, RemoTeC v2.35, UoL v5.1, and NIES PPDF-S v.02.11), al-though they have significant biases at other sites. We find that the ACOS bias correction partially explains the shallow amplitude over Europe. The impact of the co-location method and aerosol changes in the ACOS algorithm were also tested and found to be few tenths of a ppm and mostly non-systematic. We find generally good agreement in the date of minimum XCO2 between ACOS and TCCON, but ACOS generally infers a date of maximum XCO2 2-3 weeks later than TCCON. We further analyse the latitudinal dependence of the seasonal cycle amplitude throughout the Northern Hemisphere and compare the dependence to that predicted by current optimized models that assimilate in situ measurements of CO2. In the zonal averages, models are consistent with the GOSAT amplitude to within 1.4 ppm, depending on the model and latitude. We also show that the seasonal cycle of XCO2 depends on longitude especially at the mid-latitudes: the amplitude of GOSAT XCO2 doubles from western USA to East Asia at 45-50 degrees N, which is only partially shown by the models. In general, we find that model-to-model differences can be larger than GOSAT-to-model differences. These results suggest that GOSAT/ACOS retrievals of the XCO2 seasonal cycle may be sufficiently accurate to evaluate land surface models in regions with significant discrepancies between the models. C1 [Lindqvist, H.; O'Dell, C. W.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lindqvist, H.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Basu, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Basu, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Boesch, H.; Parker, R.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Chevallier, F.] CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Deutscher, N.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Deutscher, N.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Feng, L.; Palmer, P. I.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fisher, B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hase, F.; Schneider, M.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK ASF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Inoue, M.; Morino, I.; Yoshida, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Inoue, M.] Akita Prefectural Univ, Dept Environm Biol, Akita, Japan. [Kivi, R.] Arctic Res Ctr, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Sodankyla, Finland. [Sussmann, R.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. RP Lindqvist, H (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM hannakaisa.lindqvist@fmi.fi RI Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; Inoue, Makoto/M-8505-2014; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012 OI Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Inoue, Makoto/0000-0002-6826-5334; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; FU NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; OCO-2 project, via JPL [1439002]; Academy of Finland [285421]; European Commission (MACC III) [630080]; NASA [NNX14AI60G, NNX11AG01G, NAG5-12247, NNG05-GD07G]; NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program; ESA GHG-CCI project FX H. Lindqvist and C. W. O'Dell wish to acknowledge support from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the OCO-2 project, via JPL subcontract number 1439002. H. Lindqvist also acknowledges funding from the Academy of Finland, via project number 285421. H. Boesch and R. Parker acknowledge the National Centre for Earth Observation NCEO and the ESA GHG-CCI project. F. Chevallier acknowledges the European Commission (grant agreement no. 630080, MACC III). We wish to thank the referees (Susan Kulawik and an anonymous referee), the editor Paul Wennberg, and Andy Jacobson for their comments and constructive feedback to the manuscript. We also gratefully acknowledge all the data providers. The following TCCON PIs are acknowledged for providing their XCO2 data: David Griffith (Darwin and Wollongong), Martine De Maziere (Reunion), and Vanessa Sherlock (Lauder). We also thank Debra Wunch for providing data from Lamont and Coleen Roehl for data from Park Falls. TCCON data were obtained from the TCCON data archive at http://tccon.ornl.gov/. TCCON work at Park Falls, Lamont, and Pasadena is funded by NASA grants NNX14AI60G, NNX11AG01G, NAG5-12247, NNG05-GD07G, and NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program. We are grateful to the DOE ARM program for technical support in Lamont and Jeff Ayers for technical support in Park Falls. TCCON work at Garmisch has been funded by the ESA GHG-CCI project via subcontract with the University of Bremen and by the EC within the INGOS project. CarbonTracker CT2013B results were provided by NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from the website at http://carbontracker.noaa.gov. Finally, we thank our colleagues for the use of their GOSAT retrievals: Andre Butz and Otto Hasekamp for RemoTeC v2.35 and Andrey Bril for NIES PPDF-S v.02.11. NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 22 BP 13023 EP 13040 DI 10.5194/acp-15-13023-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TM UT WOS:000365977100019 ER PT J AU Jordan, CE Anderson, BE Beyersdorf, AJ Corr, CA Dibb, JE Greenslade, ME Martin, RF Moore, RH Scheuer, E Shook, MA Thornhill, KL Troop, D Winstead, EL Ziemba, LD AF Jordan, C. E. Anderson, B. E. Beyersdorf, A. J. Corr, C. A. Dibb, J. E. Greenslade, M. E. Martin, R. F. Moore, R. H. Scheuer, E. Shook, M. A. Thornhill, K. L. Troop, D. Winstead, E. L. Ziemba, L. D. TI Spectral aerosol extinction (SpEx): a new instrument for in situ ambient aerosol extinction measurements across the UV/visible wavelength range SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ANGSTROM EXPONENT; DESERT DUST; CALIBRATION; COMBUSTION AB We introduce a new instrument for the measurement of in situ ambient aerosol extinction over the 300700 nm wavelength range, the spectral aerosol extinction (SpEx) instrument. This measurement capability is envisioned to complement existing in situ instrumentation, allowing for simultaneous measurement of the evolution of aerosol optical, chemical, and physical characteristics in the ambient environment. In this work, a detailed description of the instrument is provided along with characterization tests performed in the laboratory. Measured spectra of NO2 and polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs) agreed well with theoretical calculations. Good agreement was also found with simultaneous aerosol extinction measurements at 450, 530, and 630 nm using CAPS PMex instruments in a series of 22 tests including nonabsorbing compounds, dusts, soot, and black and brown carbon analogs. SpEx measurements are expected to help identify the presence of ambient brown carbon due to its 300 nm lower wavelength limit compared to measurements limited to longer UV and visible wavelengths. Extinction spectra obtained with SpEx contain more information than can be conveyed by a simple power law fit (typically represented by Angstrom exponents). Planned future improvements aim to lower detection limits and ruggedize the instrument for mobile operation. C1 [Jordan, C. E.; Dibb, J. E.; Scheuer, E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Anderson, B. E.; Beyersdorf, A. J.; Corr, C. A.; Martin, R. F.; Moore, R. H.; Shook, M. A.; Thornhill, K. L.; Winstead, E. L.; Ziemba, L. D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Corr, C. A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Greenslade, M. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem, Durham, NH USA. [Shook, M. A.; Thornhill, K. L.; Winstead, E. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Troop, D.] SW Res Inst, Durham, NH USA. RP Jordan, CE (reprint author), NIA, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM carolyn.jordan@nianet.org FU NOAA [NA10OAR4590134] FX The authors thank Kevin Kaye, Tom Wisniewski, John Hair, John Prohaska, Brian Heikes, Matt Brown, James Hite, and Gao Chen for helpful comments and suggestions during this project. C. E. Jordan is particularly grateful to John Daniel for his encouragement and support of this work, funded by NOAA grant no. NA10OAR4590134. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 11 BP 4755 EP 4771 DI 10.5194/amt-8-4755-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TW UT WOS:000365978100012 ER PT J AU Xi, X Natraj, V Shia, RL Luo, M Zhang, Q Newman, S Sander, SP Yung, YL AF Xi, X. Natraj, V. Shia, R. L. Luo, M. Zhang, Q. Newman, S. Sander, S. P. Yung, Y. L. TI Simulated retrievals for the remote sensing of CO2, CH4, CO, and H2O from geostationary orbit SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ERROR ANALYSIS; TOTAL COLUMNS; LOS-ANGELES; OCO MISSION; SCIAMACHY; ALGORITHM; CLOUDS AB The Geostationary Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GeoFTS) is designed to measure high-resolution spectra of reflected sunlight in three near-infrared bands centered around 0.76, 1.6, and 2.3 mu m and to deliver simultaneous retrievals of column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2, CH4, CO, and H2O (denoted XCO2, XCH4, XCO, and XH2O, respectively) at different times of day over North America. In this study, we perform radiative transfer simulations over both clear-sky and all-sky scenes expected to be observed by GeoFTS and estimate the prospective performance of retrievals based on results from Bayesian error analysis and characterization. We find that, for simulated clear-sky retrievals, the average retrieval biases and single-measurement precisions are <0.2% for XCO2, XCH4, and XH2O, and <2% for XCO, when the a priori values have a bias of 3% and an uncertainty of 3 %. In addition, an increase in the amount of aerosols and ice clouds leads to a notable increase in the retrieval biases and slight worsening of the retrieval precisions. Furthermore, retrieval precision is a strong function of signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. This simulation study can help guide decisions on the design of the GeoFTS observing system, which can result in cost-effective measurement strategies while achieving satisfactory levels of retrieval precisions and biases. The simultaneous retrievals at different times of day will be important for more accurate estimation of carbon sources and sinks on fine spatiotemporal scales and for studies related to the atmospheric component of the water cycle. C1 [Xi, X.; Shia, R. L.; Zhang, Q.; Newman, S.; Yung, Y. L.] CALTECH, Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Natraj, V.; Luo, M.; Sander, S. P.; Yung, Y. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Xi, X (reprint author), CALTECH, Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM xixi@caltech.edu FU NASA [NNX13AK34G]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory [P1367828]; KISS program at California Institute of Technology FX The authors would like to thank Renyu Hu, Pushkar Kopparla, Michael Wong, Le Kuai, Clare (Kam Weng) Wong, and Dejian Fu for helpful discussions. The authors also appreciate technical support from Michael Black and administrative support from Margaret Carlos and Irma Black. Valuable comments and suggestions from two reviewers are greatly appreciated. This research was supported in part by NASA grant NNX13AK34G to the California Institute of Technology, grant P1367828 from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the KISS program at California Institute of Technology. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 11 BP 4817 EP 4830 DI 10.5194/amt-8-4817-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TW UT WOS:000365978100016 ER PT J AU McPeters, RD Frith, S Labow, GJ AF McPeters, R. D. Frith, S. Labow, G. J. TI OMI total column ozone: extending the long-term data record SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MONITORING INSTRUMENT; GOME-TYPE AB The ozone data record from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite has proven to be very stable over the 10-plus years of operation. The OMI total column ozone processed through the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) ozone retrieval algorithm (version 8.5) has been compared with ground-based measurements and with ozone from a series of SBUV/2 (Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet) instruments. Comparison with an ensemble of Brewer-Dobson sites shows an absolute offset of about 1.5% and almost no relative trend. Comparison with a merged ozone data set (MOD) created by combining data from a series of SBUV/2 instruments again shows an offset, of about 1 %, and a relative trend of less than 0.5% over 10 years. The offset is mostly due to the use of the old Bass-Paur ozone cross sections in the OMI retrievals rather than the Brion-Daumont-Malicet cross sections that are now recommended. The bias in the Southern Hemisphere is smaller than that in the Northern Hemisphere, 0.9% vs. 1.5 %, for reasons that are not completely understood. When OMI was compared with the European realization of a multi-instrument ozone time series, the GTO (GOME type Total Ozone) data set, there was a small trend of about 0.85% decade 1. Since all the comparisons of OMI relative to other ozone measuring systems show relative trends that are less than 1% decade 1, we conclude that the OMI total column ozone data are sufficiently stable that they can be used in studies of ozone trends. C1 [McPeters, R. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Frith, S.; Labow, G. J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP McPeters, RD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM richard.d.mcpeters@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 11 BP 4845 EP 4850 DI 10.5194/amt-8-4845-2015 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TW UT WOS:000365978100018 ER PT S AU Denney, E Pai, G AF Denney, Ewen Pai, Ganesh BE Koornneef, F VanGulijk, C TI Towards a Formal Basis for Modular Safety Cases SO COMPUTER SAFETY, RELIABILITY, AND SECURITY, SAFECOMP 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security (SAFECOMP) CY SEP 23-25, 2015 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS SP EWICS TC7, Univ Huddersfield HO Delft Univ Technol DE Safety cases; Argument structures; Modularity AB Safety assurance using argument-based safety cases is an accepted best-practice in many safety-critical sectors. Goal Structuring Notation (GSN), which is widely used for presenting safety arguments graphically, provides a notion of modular arguments to support the goal of incremental certification. Despite the efforts at standardization, GSN remains an informal notation whereas the GSN standard contains appreciable ambiguity especially concerning modular extensions. This, in turn, presents challenges when developing tools and methods to intelligently manipulate modular GSN arguments. This paper develops the elements of a theory of modular safety cases, leveraging our previous work on formalizing GSN arguments. Using example argument structures we highlight some ambiguities arising through the existing guidance, present the intuition underlying the theory, clarify syntax, and address modular arguments, contracts, well-formedness and well-scopedness of modules. Based on this theory, we have a preliminary implementation of modular arguments in our toolset, AdvoCATE. C1 [Denney, Ewen; Pai, Ganesh] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Pai, G (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ewen.denney@nasa.gov; ganesh.pai@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-24255-2; 978-3-319-24254-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9337 BP 328 EP 343 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24255-2_24 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE0KP UT WOS:000366204300024 ER PT J AU Kumar, SV Peters-Lidard, CD Santanello, JA Reichle, RH Draper, CS Koster, RD Nearing, G Jasinski, MF AF Kumar, S. V. Peters-Lidard, C. D. Santanello, J. A. Reichle, R. H. Draper, C. S. Koster, R. D. Nearing, G. Jasinski, M. F. TI Evaluating the utility of satellite soil moisture retrievals over irrigated areas and the ability of land data assimilation methods to correct for unmodeled processes SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; SURFACE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; FORECAST BIAS; SNOW DEPTH; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; MODIS AB Earth's land surface is characterized by tremendous natural heterogeneity and human-engineered modifications, both of which are challenging to represent in land surface models. Satellite remote sensing is often the most practical and effective method to observe the land surface over large geographical areas. Agricultural irrigation is an important human-induced modification to natural land surface processes, as it is pervasive across the world and because of its significant influence on the regional and global water budgets. In this article, irrigation is used as an example of a human-engineered, often unmodeled land surface process, and the utility of satellite soil moisture retrievals over irrigated areas in the continental US is examined. Such retrievals are based on passive or active microwave observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, WindSat and the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT). The analysis suggests that the skill of these retrievals for representing irrigation effects is mixed, with ASCAT-based products somewhat more skillful than SMOS and AMSR2 products. The article then examines the suitability of typical bias correction strategies in current land data assimilation systems when unmodeled processes dominate the bias between the model and the observations. Using a suite of synthetic experiments that includes bias correction strategies such as quantile mapping and trained forward modeling, it is demonstrated that the bias correction practices lead to the exclusion of the signals from unmodeled processes, if these processes are the major source of the biases. It is further shown that new methods are needed to preserve the observational information about unmodeled processes during data assimilation. C1 [Kumar, S. V.; Nearing, G.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kumar, S. V.; Peters-Lidard, C. D.; Santanello, J. A.; Nearing, G.; Jasinski, M. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reichle, R. H.; Draper, C. S.; Koster, R. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Draper, C. S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Kumar, SV (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sujay.v.kumar@nasa.gov RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; Draper, Clara/P-6097-2016 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Draper, Clara/0000-0002-8299-4939 FU NASA Science Mission Directorate's Earth Science Division through the National Climate Assessment (NCA) project; NOAA's climate program office (MAPP program); NASA Center for Climate Simulation FX Funding for this work was provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate's Earth Science Division through the National Climate Assessment (NCA) project and NOAA's climate program office (MAPP program). Computing was supported by the resources at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation. The NLDAS-2 forcing data used in this effort were acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 11 BP 4463 EP 4478 DI 10.5194/hess-19-4463-2015 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CX8VA UT WOS:000365981100004 ER PT S AU Bender, HA Mouroulis, P Smith, CD Smith, CH Van Gorp, BE Eastwood, ML Gross, J AF Bender, Holly A. Mouroulis, Pantazis Smith, Christopher D. Smith, Colin H. Van Gorp, Byron E. Eastwood, Michael L. Gross, Johannes BE Pagano, TS Silny, JF TI Snow and Water Imaging Spectrometer (SWIS): optomechanical and system design for a CubeSat-compatible instrument SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XX CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE imaging spectroscopy; Dyson spectrometer; CubeSat; snow cover; coastal ocean AB The Snow and Water Imaging Spectrometer (SWIS) is a fast, high-uniformity, low-polarization sensitivity imaging spectrometer and telescope system designed for integration on a 6U CubeSat platform. Operating in the 350-1700 nm spectral region with 5.7 nm sampling, SWIS is capable of simultaneously addressing the demanding needs of coastal ocean science and snow/ice monitoring. We discuss progress in the SWIS optomechanical design, thermal analysis, and mission plan. We also describe an innovative single drive on-board calibration system capable of addressing the stringent radiometric stability and knowledge these missions require. The spectrometer features a new Teledyne CHROMA array, optimized for high temperature operation, with a linear variable anti-reflection coating to enhance quantum efficiency and minimize backscatter. C1 [Bender, Holly A.; Mouroulis, Pantazis; Smith, Colin H.; Van Gorp, Byron E.; Eastwood, Michael L.; Gross, Johannes] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Smith, Christopher D.] ATK Space Syst Inc, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Bender, HA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 306-392, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM holly.a.bender@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-777-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9611 AR 961103 DI 10.1117/12.2190013 PG 11 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BE0OT UT WOS:000366501000001 ER PT S AU Elliott, DA Pagano, TS Aumann, HH Broberg, SE AF Elliott, Denis A. Pagano, Thomas S. Aumann, Hartmut H. Broberg, Steven E. BE Pagano, TS Silny, JF TI Performance status of the AIRS instrument thirteen years after launch SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XX CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE EOS; AIRS; infrared; sounder; calibration; reliability AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is a hyperspectral infrared instrument on the EOS Aqua Spacecraft, launched on May 4, 2002. AIRS has 2378 infrared channels ranging from 3.7 mu m to 15.4 mu m and a 13.5 km footprint at nadir. AIRS is a "facility" instrument developed by NASA as an experimental demonstration of advanced technology for remote sensing and the benefits of high resolution infrared spectra to science investigations. AIRS, in conjunction with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), produces temperature profiles with 1K/km accuracy on a global scale, as well as water vapor profiles and trace gas amounts for CO2, CO, SO2, O-3 and CH4. AIRS data are used for weather forecasting, climate process studies and validating climate models. The AIRS instrument has far exceeded its required design life of 5 years, with nearly 13 years of routine science operations that began on August 31, 2002. While the instrument has performed exceptionally well, with little sign of wear, the AIRS Project continues to monitor and maintain the health of AIRS, characterize its behavior and improve performance where possible. Radiometric stability has been monitored and trending shows better than 16 mK/year stability. Spectral calibration stability is better than 1 ppm/year. At this time we expect the AIRS to continue to perform well into the next decade. This paper contains updates to previous instrument status reports, with emphasis on the last three years. C1 [Elliott, Denis A.; Pagano, Thomas S.; Aumann, Hartmut H.; Broberg, Steven E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Elliott, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Denis.A.Elliott@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-777-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9611 AR 961109 DI 10.1117/12.2186608 PG 10 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BE0OT UT WOS:000366501000004 ER PT S AU Iacchetta, AS Fienup, JR Leisawitz, DT Bolcar, MR AF Iacchetta, Alexander S. Fienup, James R. Leisawitz, David T. Bolcar, Matthew R. BE Pagano, TS Silny, JF TI Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Efficient Hyperspectral Image Projection SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XX CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nonnegative matrix factorization; wide-field imaging interferometry testbed; hyperspectral image projector; spatio-spectral; double-Fourier; NMF; WIIT; CHIP ID INTERFEROMETRY TESTBED II; FIELD; ALGORITHMS; RESOLUTION AB Hyperspectral imaging for remote sensing has prompted development of hyperspectral image projectors that can be used to characterize hyperspectral imaging cameras and techniques in the lab. One such emerging astronomical hyperspectral imaging technique is wide-field double-Fourier interferometry. NASA's current, state-of-the-art, Wide-field Imaging Interferometry Testbed (WIIT) uses a Calibrated Hyperspectral Image Projector (CHIP) to generate test scenes and provide a more complete understanding of wide-field double-Fourier interferometry. Given enough time, the CHIP is capable of projecting scenes with astronomically realistic spatial and spectral complexity. However, this would require a very lengthy data collection process. For accurate but time-efficient projection of complicated hyperspectral images with the CHIP, the field must be decomposed both spectrally and spatially in a way that provides a favorable trade-off between accurately projecting the hyperspectral image and the time required for data collection. We apply nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) to decompose hyperspectral astronomical datacubes into eigenspectra and eigenimages that allow time-efficient projection with the CHIP. Included is a brief analysis of NMF parameters that affect accuracy, including the number of eigenspectra and eigenimages used to approximate the hyperspectral image to be projected. For the chosen field, the normalized mean squared synthesis error is under 0.01 with just 8 eigenspectra. NMF of hyperspectral astronomical fields better utilizes the CHIP's capabilities, providing time-efficient and accurate representations of astronomical scenes to be imaged with the WIIT. C1 [Iacchetta, Alexander S.; Fienup, James R.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Leisawitz, David T.; Bolcar, Matthew R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Iacchetta, AS (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, 275 Hutchison Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-777-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9611 AR 96110Y DI 10.1117/12.2188119 PG 9 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BE0OT UT WOS:000366501000020 ER PT S AU Susskind, J Kouvaris, L Iredell, L Blaisdell, J Pagano, T Mathews, W AF Susskind, Joel Kouvaris, Louis Iredell, Lena Blaisdell, John Pagano, Thomas Mathews, William BE Pagano, TS Silny, JF TI Retrieved products from simulated hyperspectral observations of a hurricane SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XX CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE High spatial resolution; Infrared Sounder; AIRS; OSSE; retrievals; hyperspectral AB This research uses General Circulation Model (GCM) derived products, with 1 km spatial resolution and sampled every 10 minutes, over a moving area following the track of a simulated severe Atlantic storm. Model products were aggregated over sounder footprints corresponding to 13 km in LEO, 2 km in LEO, and 5 km in GEO sampled every 72 minutes. We simulated radiances for instruments with AIRS-like spectral coverage, spectral resolution, and channel noise, using these aggregated products as the truth, and analyzed them using a slightly modified version of the operational AIRS Version-6 retrieval algorithm. Accuracy of retrievals obtained using simulated AIRS radiances with a 13 km footprint was similar to that obtained using real AIRS data. Spatial coverage and accuracy of retrievals are shown for all three sounding scenarios. The research demonstrates the potential significance of flying Advanced AIRS-like instruments on future LEO and GEO missions. C1 [Susskind, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kouvaris, Louis; Iredell, Lena; Blaisdell, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pagano, Thomas; Mathews, William] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Susskind, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-777-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9611 AR 96110B DI 10.1117/12.2186835 PG 10 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BE0OT UT WOS:000366501000006 ER PT S AU Chmielewski, AB AF Chmielewski, Artur B. BE Scholl, MS Paez, G TI Rosetta: Comet-Chaser, Comet-Lander, and Comet-Hopper All In One Mission! SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXIII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Chmielewski, Artur B.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chmielewski, AB (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-774-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9608 AR 96081M DI 10.1117/12.2223971 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0GC UT WOS:000365985000039 ER PT S AU Gunapala, SD Rafol, SB Ting, DZ Soibel, A Hill, CJ Khoshakhlagh, A Liu, JK Mumolo, JM Keo, SA Hoglund, L Luong, EM AF Gunapala, S. D. Rafol, S. B. Ting, D. Z. Soibel, A. Hill, C. J. Khoshakhlagh, A. Liu, J. K. Mumolo, J. M. Keo, S. A. Hoeglund, L. Luong, E. M. BE Scholl, MS Paez, G TI Modulation Transfer Function of Infrared Focal Plane Arrays SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXIII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE modulation transfer function; Infrared; focal planes; QWIP; superlattice; long-wave infrared AB Modulation transfer function (MTF) is the ability of an imaging system to faithfully image a given object. The MTF of an imaging system quantifies the ability of the system to resolve or transfer spatial frequencies. In this presentation we will discuss the detail MTF measurements of 1024x1024 pixels mid-wavelength and long-wavelength quantum well infrared photodetector, and 320x256 pixels long-wavelength InAs/GaSb superlattice infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs). Long wavelength Complementary Barrier Infrared Detector (CBIRD) based on InAs/GaSb superlattice material is hybridized to recently designed and fabricated 320x256 pixel format ROIC. The n-type CBIRD was characterized in terms of performance and thermal stability. The experimentally measured NEAT of the 8.8 mu m cutoff n-CBIRD FPA was 18.6 mK with 300 K background and f/2 cold stop at 78K FPA operating temperature. The horizontal and vertical MTFs of this pixel fully delineated CBIRD FPA at Nyquist frequency are 49% and 52%, respectively. C1 [Gunapala, S. D.; Rafol, S. B.; Ting, D. Z.; Soibel, A.; Hill, C. J.; Khoshakhlagh, A.; Liu, J. K.; Mumolo, J. M.; Keo, S. A.; Hoeglund, L.; Luong, E. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-774-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9608 AR 960811 DI 10.1117/12.2187728 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0GC UT WOS:000365985000027 ER PT S AU Savage, ML Becklin, EE AF Savage, M. L. Becklin, E. E. BE Scholl, MS Paez, G TI Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXIII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Infrared astronomy; detectors; spectroscopy; airborne; NASA ID SCIENCE AB The joint U.S. and German Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), project has been operating airborne astronomy flights from Palmdale, California since 2011. The observatory consists of a modified 747sp aircraft with a 2.5meter telescope in the tail section. In addition to observing flights out of Palmdale, Ca. this airborne observatory has been able to take advantage of its mobility to observe in the southern hemisphere (New Zealand), to perform multi-wavelength observations of the Super Novae (SN 2014b) in 2014, and to intersect the track of a Pluto Occultation in the southern hemisphere just a few weeks prior to the New Horizons mission fly by of the planet in summer 2015. Science results, observatory operations, current instrument status and participation in future instrument developments, over the lifetime of the observatory will be discussed. C1 [Savage, M. L.; Becklin, E. E.] NASA, SOFIA Sci Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Savage, ML (reprint author), NASA, SOFIA Sci Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Ames Res Ctr, MS 232, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM msavage@sofia.usra.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-774-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9608 AR 96080F DI 10.1117/12.2190393 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0GC UT WOS:000365985000011 ER PT S AU Ames, A Bruni, R Cotroneo, V Johnson-Wilke, R Kester, T Reid, P Romaine, S Tolier-McKinstry, S Wilke, RHT AF Ames, A. Bruni, R. Cotroneo, V. Johnson-Wilke, R. Kester, T. Reid, P. Romaine, S. Tolier-McKinstry, S. Wilke, R. H. T. BE ODell, ST Pareschi, G TI Using Iridium films to compensate for piezo-electric materials processing stresses in adjustable X-ray optics SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray optics; adjustable X-ray optics; piezo-electric materials; film stress AB Adjustable X-ray optics represent a potential enabling technology for simultaneously achieving large effective area and high angular resolution for future X-ray Astronomy missions. The adjustable optics employ a bimorph mirror composed of a thin (1.5 um) film of piezoelectric material deposited on the back of a 0.4 mm thick conical mirror segment. The application of localized electric fields in the piezoelectric material, normal to the mirror surface, result in localized deformations in mirror shape. Thus, mirror fabrication and mounting induced figure errors can be corrected, without the need for a massive reaction structure. With this approach, though, film stresses in the piezoelectric layer, resulting from deposition, crystallization, and differences in coefficient of thermal expansion, can distort the mirror. The large relative thickness of the piezoelectric material compared to the glass means that even 100MPa stresses can result in significant distortions. We have examined compensating for the piezoelectric processing related distortions by the deposition of controlled stress chromium/iridium films on the front surface of the mirror. We describe our experiments with tuning the product of the chromium/iridium film stress and film thickness to balance that resulting from the piezoelectric layer. We also evaluated the repeatability of this deposition process, and the robustness of the iridium coating. C1 [Ames, A.; Bruni, R.; Cotroneo, V.; Reid, P.; Romaine, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Johnson-Wilke, R.; Tolier-McKinstry, S.; Wilke, R. H. T.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kester, T.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Ames, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sromaine@cfa.harvard.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 96031I DI 10.1117/12.2191404 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700050 ER PT S AU Atkins, C Kilaru, K Ramsey, BD Broadway, DM Gubarev, MV O'Dell, SL Zhang, WW AF Atkins, Carolyn Kilaru, Kiranmayee Ramsey, Brian D. Broadway, David M. Gubarev, Mikhail V. O'Dell, Stephen L. Zhang, William W. BE ODell, ST Pareschi, G TI Differential deposition correction of segmented glass X-ray optics SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Differential deposition; X-ray optics; slumped glass optics; thin film coatings ID TELESCOPE AB One of the challenges faced within the astronomical X-ray community is how to produce lightweight high angular resolution optics for a future X-ray mission capable of probing the early X-ray universe. To this end, the differential deposition project at NASA Marshall Space flight Center (MSFC) is looking to improve current Xray optic technology by applying a corrective coating with a goal of achieving arc-second-level resolution. This paper will focus on the correction of segmented glass optics fabricated at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the paper will highlight: the design of the vacuum chamber and internal mechanics; the algorithm used to perform the correction; metrology of the glass segments; and the improvement post correction that has been achieved to date. C1 [Atkins, Carolyn] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Kilaru, Kiranmayee; Ramsey, Brian D.; Broadway, David M.; Gubarev, Mikhail V.; O'Dell, Stephen L.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Zhang, William W.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Atkins, C (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM carolyn.atkins@uah.edu; kiranmayee.kilaru-1@nasa.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 96031G DI 10.1117/12.2189933 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700048 ER PT S AU Chan, KW Zhang, WW Saha, TT McClelland, RS Biskach, MP Niemeyer, J Schofield, MJ Mazzarella, JR Kolos, LD Hong, MM Numata, A Sharpe, MV Solly, PM Riveros, RE Allgood, KD McKeon, KP AF Chan, Kai-Wing Zhang, William W. Saha, Timo T. McClelland, Ryan S. Biskach, Michael P. Niemeyer, Jason Schofield, Mark J. Mazzarella, James R. Kolos, Linette D. Hong, Melinda M. Numata, Ai Sharpe, Marton V. Solly, Peter M. Riveros, Raul E. Allgood, Kim D. McKeon, Kevin P. BE ODell, ST Pareschi, G TI Aligning, Bonding, and Testing Mirrors for Lightweight X-ray Telescopes SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray optics; lightweight mirrors; segmented mirrors; mirror alignment; mirror bonding AB High-resolution, high throughput optics for x-ray astronomy entails fabrication of well-formed mirror segments and their integration with arc-second precision. In this paper, we address issues of aligning and bonding thin glass mirrors with negligible additional distortion. Stability of the bonded mirrors and the curing of epoxy used in bonding them were tested extensively. We present results from tests of bonding mirrors onto experimental modules, and on the stability of the bonded mirrors tested in x-ray. These results demonstrate the fundamental validity of the methods used in integrating mirrors into telescope module, and reveal the areas for further investigation. The alignment and integration methods are applicable to the astronomical mission concept such as STAR-X, the Survey and Time-domain Astronomical Research Explorer. C1 [Chan, Kai-Wing; Riveros, Raul E.] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chan, Kai-Wing; Riveros, Raul E.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [McClelland, Ryan S.; Biskach, Michael P.; Niemeyer, Jason; Schofield, Mark J.; Mazzarella, James R.; Hong, Melinda M.; Numata, Ai; Sharpe, Marton V.; Solly, Peter M.; Allgood, Kim D.; McKeon, Kevin P.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Chan, Kai-Wing; Zhang, William W.; Saha, Timo T.; McClelland, Ryan S.; Biskach, Michael P.; Niemeyer, Jason; Schofield, Mark J.; Mazzarella, James R.; Kolos, Linette D.; Hong, Melinda M.; Numata, Ai; Sharpe, Marton V.; Solly, Peter M.; Riveros, Raul E.; Allgood, Kim D.; McKeon, Kevin P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chan, KW (reprint author), Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM Kai-Wing.Chan-1@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 96030Z DI 10.1117/12.2187016 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700031 ER PT S AU Gubarev, M Ramsey, B Atkins, C Eberhardt, A AF Gubarev, M. Ramsey, B. Atkins, C. Eberhardt, A. BE ODell, ST Pareschi, G TI Development of a deflectometer for accurate surface figure metrology SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; x-ray optics metrology; deflectometry AB Marshall Space Flight Center is developing a direct fabrication technique in which high resolution x-ray optics are fabricated through surface polishing and figuring of a full-shell substrate. The use of a computer controlled polishing machine leads to quick convergence to high resolution mirrors. The vailability of an in situ surface figure metrology technique would permit even higher convergence rates and reduce the surface profile errors associated with installation and re-alignment of the x-ray mirror shell between the metrology and polishing processes. A surface-figure-metrology instrument based on an optical deflectometer scheme is under development at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The current status of the deflectometer instrument development is presented here. C1 [Gubarev, M.; Ramsey, B.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Atkins, C.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Eberhardt, A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gubarev, M (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Mikhail.V.Gubarev@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 96031T DI 10.1117/12.2190026 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700059 ER PT S AU Gubarev, M Ramsey, B Kolodziejczak, JK Smith, WS Roche, J Jones, W Griffith, C Kester, T Atkins, C Arnold, W AF Gubarev, M. Ramsey, B. Kolodziejczak, J. K. Smith, W. S. Roche, J. Jones, W. Griffith, C. Kester, T. Atkins, C. Arnold, W. BE ODell, ST Pareschi, G TI Direct Fabrication of full-shell x-ray optics SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; full-shell x-ray optics; direct fabrication AB The next generation of astrophysical missions will require fabrication technology capable of producing high angular resolution x-ray mirrors. A full-shell direct fabrication approach using modern robotic polishing machines has the potential for producing stiff and light-weight shells that can be heavily nested, to produce large collecting areas, and are easier to mount, align and assemble, giving improved angular resolution. This approach to mirror fabrication, is being pursued at MSFC. The current status of this direct fabrication technology is presented. C1 [Gubarev, M.; Ramsey, B.; Kolodziejczak, J. K.; Smith, W. S.; Roche, J.; Jones, W.; Griffith, C.; Kester, T.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Atkins, C.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Arnold, W.] AI Solut Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Gubarev, M (reprint author), NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Mikhail.V.Gubarev@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 96030V DI 10.1117/12.2190020 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700028 ER PT S AU Gurgew, DN Broadway, D Gubarev, M Ramsey, B AF Gurgew, Danielle N. Broadway, David Gubarev, Mikhail Ramsey, Brian BE ODell, ST Pareschi, G TI Design and implementation of an x-ray reflectometer system for testing x-ray optics coatings SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray reflectometry; X-ray optic coatings AB We have developed an X-ray reflectometer (XRR) system for the characterization of various soft and hard X-ray optic coatings being developed at Marshall Space Flight Center. The XRR system generates X-ray radiation with a high-output Rigaku rotating anode source (RAS), operational at a voltage range of 5 - 35 kV, a current range of 10-150 mA. A series of precision slits, adjustable down to approximately 25 micrometers, positioned in the beam path limit the extent of the x-ray beam and control the resolution of the XRR measurement while a goniometer consisting of two precision rotary stages controls the angular position of the coating sample and X-ray detector with respect to the beam. With the high count rate capability of the RAS, a very-high-speed silicon drift detector, the Amptek Fast Silicon Drift Detector (SDD), is implemented to achieve good count rate efficiency and improve reflectivity measurements of coatings at larger graze angles. The coating sample can be adjusted using a series of linear and tipping stages to perfectly align the center of the sample with the center of the incident X-ray beam. These stages in conjunction with the goniometer components are integrated through original control software resulting in full automation of the XRR system. We will show some initial XRR measurements of both single and multilayer coatings made with this system. These results and future measurements are used to characterize potential X-ray optic coatings culminating in the production of highly reflective coatings operational at a large range of X-ray energies. C1 [Gurgew, Danielle N.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Broadway, David; Gubarev, Mikhail; Ramsey, Brian] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Gurgew, DN (reprint author), Univ Alabama, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 96031S DI 10.1117/12.2189831 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700058 ER PT S AU Matsumoto, H Tachibana, S Yoshikawa, S Tamura, K Mori, H Yamashita, K Mitsuishi, I Tawara, Y Kunieda, H AF Matsumoto, Hironori Tachibana, Sasagu Yoshikawa, Shun Tamura, Keisuke Mori, Hideyuki Yamashita, Kojun Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Tawara, Yuzuru Kunieda, Hideyo BE ODell, ST Pareschi, G TI Development of an X-ray Telescope with a Large Effective Area for the Iron K line band SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray telescope; multi-layer AB X-ray micro-calorimeters such as the Soft X-ray Spectrometer on board ASTRO-H will enable precise spectroscopy of iron K lines. To exploit the full power of the high-energy resolution, X-ray telescopes with a large effective area around 6 keV are essentially important. We designed a Wolter-I X-ray telescope with Ir/C multilayer mirrors to enhance the effective area at around 6 keV by the principle of Bragg reflection. We assumed a diameter of 110 cm and a focal length of 110 cm for our telescope. Our simulation suggests that the effective area averaged in the 5.7-7.7 keV band could be 2000 cm(2). C1 [Matsumoto, Hironori; Yamashita, Kojun; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki; Tawara, Yuzuru; Kunieda, Hideyo] Nagoya Univ, KMI, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Tachibana, Sasagu; Yoshikawa, Shun; Tamura, Keisuke] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Mori, Hideyuki] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Matsumoto, H (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, KMI, Chikusa Ku, Furocho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. EM matumoto@u.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 96030F DI 10.1117/12.2190591 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700012 ER PT S AU Pavlinsky, M Akimov, V Levin, V Krivchenko, A Rotin, A Kuznetsova, M Lapshov, I Tkachenko, A Semena, N Buntov, M Glushenko, A Arefiev, V Yaskovich, A Grebenev, S Sazonov, S Revnivtsev, M Lutovinov, A Molkov, S Krivonos, R Serbinov, D Kudelin, M Drozdova, T Voronkov, S Sunyaev, R Churazov, E Gilfanov, M Babyshkin, V Lomakin, I Menderov, A Gubarev, M Ramsey, B Kilaru, K O'Dell, SL Kolodziejczak, J Elsner, R Zavlin, V Swartz, D AF Pavlinsky, M. Akimov, V. Levin, V. Krivchenko, A. Rotin, A. Kuznetsova, M. Lapshov, I. Tkachenko, A. Semena, N. Buntov, M. Glushenko, A. Arefiev, V. Yaskovich, A. Grebenev, S. Sazonov, S. Revnivtsev, M. Lutovinov, A. Molkov, S. Krivonos, R. Serbinov, D. Kudelin, M. Drozdova, T. Voronkov, S. Sunyaev, R. Churazov, E. Gilfanov, M. Babyshkin, V. Lomakin, I. Menderov, A. Gubarev, M. Ramsey, B. Kilaru, K. O'Dell, S. L. Kolodziejczak, J. Elsner, R. Zavlin, V. Swartz, D. BE ODell, ST Pareschi, G TI Status of ART-XC / SRG instrument SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) is an X-ray astrophysical observatory, developed by Russia in collaboration with Germany. The mission will be launched in early 2017 from Baikonur and placed in a 6-month-period halo orbit around L2. The scientific payload consists of two independent telescope arrays - a soft-x-ray survey instrument, eROSITA, being provided by Germany and a medium-x-ray-energy survey instrument ART-XC being developed by Russia. ART-XC will consist of seven independent, but co-aligned, telescope modules. The ART-XC flight mirror modules have been developed and fabricated at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Each mirror module will be aligned with a focal plane CdTe double-sided strip detector which will operate over the energy range of 6-30 keV, with an angular resolution of <1', a field of view of similar to 34' and an expected energy resolution of about 12% at 14 keV. The current status of the ART-XC/SRG instrument is presented here. C1 [Pavlinsky, M.; Akimov, V.; Levin, V.; Krivchenko, A.; Rotin, A.; Kuznetsova, M.; Lapshov, I.; Tkachenko, A.; Semena, N.; Buntov, M.; Glushenko, A.; Arefiev, V.; Yaskovich, A.; Grebenev, S.; Sazonov, S.; Revnivtsev, M.; Lutovinov, A.; Molkov, S.; Krivonos, R.; Serbinov, D.; Kudelin, M.; Drozdova, T.; Voronkov, S.; Sunyaev, R.; Churazov, E.; Gilfanov, M.] Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Sunyaev, R.; Churazov, E.; Gilfanov, M.] MPI Astrophys, Munich, Germany. [Babyshkin, V.; Lomakin, I.; Menderov, A.] Lavochkin Assoc, Moscow, Russia. [Gubarev, M.; Ramsey, B.; Kilaru, K.; O'Dell, S. L.; Kolodziejczak, J.; Elsner, R.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Zavlin, V.; Swartz, D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Pavlinsky, M (reprint author), Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 96030C DI 10.1117/12.2190184 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700010 ER PT S AU Riveros, RE Kolos, LD Mazzarella, JR McKeon, KP Zhang, WW AF Riveros, Raul E. Kolos, Linette D. Mazzarella, James R. McKeon, Kevin P. Zhang, William W. BE ODell, ST Pareschi, G TI Fabrication of high resolution and lightweight monocrystalline silicon X-ray mirrors SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray optics; X-ray mirrors; silicon; polishing AB Monocrystalline silicon as an X-ray mirror substrate material promises significant improvements over the Xray mirror technologies used to date, since it is mechanically stiff, stress-free, highly thermally conductive, and widely commercially available. Producing highly accurate and lightweight X-ray mirrors from monocrystalline silicon requires a unique and specialized manufacturing process capable of producing mirrors quickly and cost effectively. The identification, development, and testing of this process is the focus of the work described in this proceeding. Monocrystalline silicon blocks were obtained, and a variety of processes (wire electro-discharge machining, etching, polishing) were applied to generate an accurate and stress-free cylindrical or Wolter-I mirror surface. The mirror surface is then sliced off at a thickness of <1 mm and further processed to yield a mirror segment with <1 arcsecond RMS slope errors. Furthermore, our experiments suggest that this mirror production process requires similar to 2 days to produce a mirror segment and is easily integrated into a cost-reducing parallel processing scheme. Presently, there is strong evidence that the mirror production process described in this paper will meet the stringent requirements of future X-ray missions. C1 [Riveros, Raul E.] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Riveros, Raul E.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Kolos, Linette D.; Zhang, William W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mazzarella, James R.; McKeon, Kevin P.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Riveros, RE (reprint author), Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 96030W DI 10.1117/12.2187584 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700029 ER PT S AU Zhang, WW Chan, KW Riveros, RE Saha, TT AF Zhang, William W. Chan, Kai-Wing Riveros, Raul E. Saha, Timo T. BE ODell, ST Pareschi, G TI Toward Diffraction-Limited Lightweight X-ray Optics for Astronomy SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray optics; lightweight optics; silicon mirror; diffraction-limited x-ray optics ID TELESCOPE; PERFORMANCE AB Five characteristics determine the utility of an x-ray optics technology for astronomy: (1) angular resolution, (2) field of view, (3) energy bandwidth, (4) mass per unit photon collecting area, and (5) production cost per unit photon collecting area. These five desired characteristics are always in conflict with each other. As a result, every past, current, and future x-ray telescope represents an astronomically useful compromise of these five characteristics. In this paper, we outline and report the proof of concept of a new approach of using single-crystal silicon to make lightweight x-ray optics. This approach combines the grinding polishing process, which is capable of making diffraction-limited optics of any kind, with the stress-free nature of single-crystal silicon, which enables post-fabrication light-weighting without distortion. As such this technology has the potential of making diffraction-limited lightweight x-ray optics for future astronomical missions, achieving unprecedented performance without incurring prohibitive mass and cost increase. C1 [Zhang, William W.; Chan, Kai-Wing; Riveros, Raul E.; Saha, Timo T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chan, Kai-Wing; Riveros, Raul E.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 96030Q DI 10.1117/12.2187081 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700023 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Komjathy, A Banville, S Rho, H Langley, RB AF Zhang, Wei Komjathy, Attila Banville, Simon Rho, Hyunho Langley, Richard B. GP Inst Navigat TI An Improved Ionospheric Modelling Technique Using GPS and Empirical-Orthogonal-Function Fits SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ION 2015 PACIFIC PNT MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific PNT Meeting CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Honolulu, HI AB Ionospheric models have become useful tools for both improving the accuracies of positioning and navigation and scientific research. The data-driven modelling techniques have been proven to be good candidates for real-time applications due to their ease of use and potentially higher accuracy compared to broadcast models. In this paper, we propose to employ ionospheric climatology to replace widely-used arbitrary functions to more accurately describe variabilities of the ionosphere. We have found that modelling precision has improved by 13.9% using the newly proposed method compared to the spherical harmonic function (SHF) modelling method. Other benefits of the modelling method are also demonstrated in the paper by comparing independent GPS observations that were not included in the original solution. In addition, we validated our new modelling results using independent data sources. C1 [Zhang, Wei; Komjathy, Attila; Rho, Hyunho; Langley, Richard B.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Geodesy & Geomat Engn, Geodet Res Lab, Fredericton, NB, Canada. [Komjathy, Attila] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Banville, Simon] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Geodet Survey, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Geodesy & Geomat Engn, Geodet Res Lab, Fredericton, NB, Canada. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2015 BP 63 EP 70 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BD9UG UT WOS:000365398300006 ER PT J AU Komjathy, A Yang, YM Meng, X Verkhoglyadova, O Mannucci, AJ Langley, RB AF Komjathy, Attila Yang, Yu-Ming Meng, Xing Verkhoglyadova, Olga Mannucci, Anthony J. Langley, Richard B. GP Inst Navigat TI Detection of Natural-Hazards-Generated TEC Perturbations Using Ground-Based and Spaceborne Ionospheric Measurements and Potential New Applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ION 2015 PACIFIC PNT MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific PNT Meeting CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Honolulu, HI ID MODEL AB Natural hazards including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis have been significant threats to humans throughout recorded history. Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS, including the Global Positioning System (GPS)) receivers have become primary sensors to measure signatures associated with natural hazards. These signatures typically include GP S-derived seismic deformation measurements, co-seismic vertical displacements and real-time GPS-derived ocean buoy positioning estimates. Another way to use GPS observables is to compute the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) to measure, model and monitor post-seismic ionospheric disturbances caused by e.g., earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis. In this paper, we discuss new applications using examples of recent natural hazards that generated TEC perturbations. We present results for state-of-the-art imaging using ground and space-based ionospheric measurements and coupled atmosphere-ionosphere modeling of ionospheric TEC perturbations. Our study strongly suggests that both ground-based and space-borne UPS remote sensing techniques could play a critical role in detection and imaging of the upper atmosphere signatures of natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. The GNSS-based remote sensing of natural-hazard induced ionospheric disturbances could potentially be applied to operational tsunami and earthquake early warning systems. C1 [Komjathy, Attila; Yang, Yu-Ming; Meng, Xing; Verkhoglyadova, Olga; Mannucci, Anthony J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Langley, Richard B.] Univ New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada. RP Komjathy, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2015 BP 522 EP 527 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BD9UG UT WOS:000365398300038 ER PT J AU Lee, SCG Garrison, JL Yang, YM AF Lee, S. C. G. Garrison, J. L. Yang, Y. M. GP Inst Navigat TI Simulated GNSS Observation of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance from Ground Receivers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ION 2015 PACIFIC PNT MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific PNT Meeting CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Honolulu, HI AB Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TID) can be induced by acoustic waves in the neutral atmosphere, allowing such process to be observed as changes in the trans-ionospheric GNSS signal. Coherence between measurements from different stations within a large, dense GNSS network has been used to identify and characterize various TIDs. In order to evaluate the sensitivity, accuracy and possible biases of this technique, a simulator has been developed. The magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) equations were simplified through assumptions about the time scales of various processes, and the interactions between ions and electrons in the ionosphere. A ray-trace method was used propagate the acoustic wave from the surface and the problem was approximated as axially symmetric about the point source location, allowing a two-dimensional cylindrical coordinate system to be used. These model simplifications were necessary to produce a numerically efficient algorithm capable of simulating hundreds of GNSS ray paths, in order to represent the response over a large network. Ground motion observed during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami was used to define the input signal. Synthetic waveforms produced from the model were found to agree well with the GNSS observations made in Japan during that event. Arrival time errors showed geographical correlation with the distance form the epicenter, indicating the limitations of the point-source approxiamation. C1 [Lee, S. C. G.; Garrison, J. L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Yang, Y. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Lee, SCG (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2015 BP 528 EP 535 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BD9UG UT WOS:000365398300039 ER PT J AU Corbetta, M Saxena, A Giglio, M Goebel, K AF Corbetta, Matteo Saxena, Abhinav Giglio, Marco Goebel, Kai BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI Evaluation of Multiple Damage-Mode Models for Prognostics of Carbon Fiber-reinforced Polymers SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ ID ENERGY RELEASE RATE; DELAMINATION; GROWTH AB Damage growth models are the linchpin of model-based prognostics for aging or damaged structures. Fatigue damage growth in composites can be characterized through estimating strain energy release rates and observed through stiffness reduction in the structure. The work reported herein investigates several existing models for the estimation of strain energy release rate and reduction in effective stiffness of cross-ply laminates under multiple damage modes. These models account for co-existence of matrix cracks and delamination, and have been examined using publicaly available fatigue data on carbon fiber-reinforced polymers coupons. This study is driven by the desire to identify suitable models in a prognostic context, i.e., to predict the remaining useful life of composite laminates subject to fatigue loads. Therefore, the capability of models in estimating the strain energy release rate and in accurately describing progressive degradation of the material has been analyzed. Selected models will then be used in conjunction with modified Paris' law to predict the evolution of damage progression in cross-ply laminates. C1 [Corbetta, Matteo; Giglio, Marco] Politecn Milan, Dept Mech Engn, I-20156 Milan, Italy. [Saxena, Abhinav] NASA, SGT Inc, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Goebel, Kai] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Corbetta, M (reprint author), Politecn Milan, Dept Mech Engn, Via La Masa 1, I-20156 Milan, Italy. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 609 EP 616 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445300078 ER PT J AU Leser, PE Hochhalter, JD Newman, JA Leser, WP Warner, JE Wawrzynek, PA Yuan, FG AF Leser, Patrick E. Hochhalter, Jacob D. Newman, John A. Leser, William P. Warner, James E. Wawrzynek, Paul A. Yuan, Fuh-Gwo BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI Probabilistic Fatigue Damage Prognosis Using a Surrogate Model Trained Via 3D Finite Element Analysis SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ ID PYTHON; GROWTH AB Utilizing inverse uncertainty quantification techniques, structural health monitoring data can be integrated with damage progression models to form probabilistic predictions of a structure's remaining useful life. However, damage evolution in realistic structures is physically complex. Accurately representing this behavior requires high-fidelity models which are typically computationally prohibitive. In this paper, high-fidelity fatigue crack growth simulation times are significantly reduced using a surrogate model trained via finite element analysis. The new approach is applied to experimental damage diagnosis data to form a probabilistic prediction of remaining useful life for a test specimen under mixed-mode conditions. C1 [Leser, Patrick E.; Hochhalter, Jacob D.; Newman, John A.; Leser, William P.; Warner, James E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Wawrzynek, Paul A.] Fracture Anal Consultants Inc, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Yuan, Fuh-Gwo] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Leser, PE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 2407 EP 2414 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445303010 ER PT J AU Janapati, V Chung, H Li, F Kumar, A Huang, S AF Janapati, Vishnuvardhan Chung, Howard Li, Franklin Kumar, Amrita Huang, Samuel BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI Evaluation of Long-term Flight Data from On-board SMART Layers SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ AB One of the major challenges in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques for aerospace applications is sensor survivability in actual flight conditions for certification. Data are needed to demonstrate that SHM sensors can sustain and survive harsh aerospace flight environments for a long period of time. This paper presents the results of a 72 month (6-year) study of sensor data from Acellent's SMART layers that were permanently mounted onto a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter at NASA Ames in California. The study was conducted under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL), the Aviation Development Directorate - Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (ADD-AFDD) located at NASA Ames and Acellent Technologies to enhance, validate, and demonstrate the SHM technique and system that can potentially be used to enable condition-based maintenance (CBM) of aircraft structures. A UH-60L Blackhawk rotorcraft installed with SMART Layer piezoelectric actuators and sensors has been flying under the CRADA research program since 2009. The sensors have been subjected to various operational conditions such as loading, vibration, thermal cycling during flight and, heavy dust conditions at the Yuma Proving Ground. Selected results are presented in this paper (additional information is available in ref [1]). C1 [Janapati, Vishnuvardhan; Chung, Howard; Li, Franklin; Kumar, Amrita] Acellent Technol Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Huang, Samuel] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ADD AFDD, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Janapati, V (reprint author), Acellent Technol Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 2699 EP 2706 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445303046 ER PT B AU Shelhamer, MJ AF Shelhamer, Mark J. BA Salas, E BF Salas, E TI TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS A Research-Based Guide FOREWORD SO TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS: A RESEARCH-BASED GUIDE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Shelhamer, Mark J.] NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Shelhamer, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-81422-6; 978-1-315-74764-4; 978-1-138-81421-9 PY 2015 BP VII EP VII PG 1 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BD9AA UT WOS:000364491400001 ER PT B AU Shelhamer, MJ AF Shelhamer, Mark J. BA Salas, E BF Salas, E TI TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS A Research-Based Guide PREFACE SO TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS: A RESEARCH-BASED GUIDE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Shelhamer, Mark J.] NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Shelhamer, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-81422-6; 978-1-315-74764-4; 978-1-138-81421-9 PY 2015 BP IX EP X PG 2 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BD9AA UT WOS:000364491400002 ER PT B AU Shelhamer, MJ AF Shelhamer, Mark J. BA Salas, E BF Salas, E TI PILLAR 1 Ensure the Need for Teamwork Behaviors and Team Training SO TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS: A RESEARCH-BASED GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TASK-ANALYSIS; ORGANIZATIONS; SCIENCE; JOB C1 [Shelhamer, Mark J.] NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Shelhamer, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-81422-6; 978-1-315-74764-4; 978-1-138-81421-9 PY 2015 BP 18 EP 30 PG 13 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BD9AA UT WOS:000364491400004 ER PT B AU Shelhamer, MJ AF Shelhamer, Mark J. BA Salas, E BF Salas, E TI PILLAR 2 Create a Positive Team Training Climate for Learning and the Learner SO TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS: A RESEARCH-BASED GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SELF-EFFICACY; EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION; PERFORMANCE; WORK; ORGANIZATIONS; INSTRUMENTALITY; PERCEPTIONS; BEHAVIOR; VALENCE C1 [Shelhamer, Mark J.] NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Shelhamer, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-81422-6; 978-1-315-74764-4; 978-1-138-81421-9 PY 2015 BP 31 EP 51 PG 21 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BD9AA UT WOS:000364491400005 ER PT B AU Shelhamer, MJ AF Shelhamer, Mark J. BA Salas, E BF Salas, E TI PILLAR 3 Design Team Training for Maximum Accessibility, Usability, and Learnability SO TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS: A RESEARCH-BASED GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GOAL ORIENTATION; COGNITIVE LOAD; SIMULATION; FEEDBACK; ORGANIZATIONS; PERFORMANCE; AVIATION; PARTICIPATION; ENVIRONMENTS; MOTIVATION C1 [Shelhamer, Mark J.] NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Shelhamer, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-81422-6; 978-1-315-74764-4; 978-1-138-81421-9 PY 2015 BP 52 EP 84 PG 33 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BD9AA UT WOS:000364491400006 ER PT B AU Shelhamer, MJ AF Shelhamer, Mark J. BA Salas, E BF Salas, E TI PILLAR 4 Evaluate the Team Training Program SO TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS: A RESEARCH-BASED GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CREW RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; EMERGENCY-MEDICINE; PERFORMANCE; MARKERS; SYSTEMS; EXPERT C1 [Shelhamer, Mark J.] NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Shelhamer, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-81422-6; 978-1-315-74764-4; 978-1-138-81421-9 PY 2015 BP 85 EP 102 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BD9AA UT WOS:000364491400007 ER PT B AU Shelhamer, MJ AF Shelhamer, Mark J. BA Salas, E BF Salas, E TI PILLAR 5 Create a System for Enduring and Sustaining Teamwork Behaviors in Organizations SO TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS: A RESEARCH-BASED GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; METAANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE; MOTIVATION; MANAGEMENT; SKILL C1 [Shelhamer, Mark J.] NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Shelhamer, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-81422-6; 978-1-315-74764-4; 978-1-138-81421-9 PY 2015 BP 103 EP 122 PG 20 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BD9AA UT WOS:000364491400008 ER PT B AU Shelhamer, MJ AF Shelhamer, Mark J. BA Salas, E BF Salas, E TI TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS A Research-Based Guide SO TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS: A RESEARCH-BASED GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RELATIONSHIP CONFLICT; SITUATION AWARENESS; COLLECTIVE-EFFICACY; MANAGEMENT TEAMS; DECISION-MAKING; WORK TEAMS; PERFORMANCE; TASK; COORDINATION; ORIENTATION C1 [Shelhamer, Mark J.] NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Shelhamer, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-81422-6; 978-1-315-74764-4; 978-1-138-81421-9 PY 2015 BP 131 EP 149 PG 19 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BD9AA UT WOS:000364491400010 ER PT B AU Shelhamer, MJ AF Shelhamer, Mark J. BA Salas, E BF Salas, E TI Example Subject Matter Expert Interview Protocol SO TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS: A RESEARCH-BASED GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Shelhamer, Mark J.] NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Shelhamer, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-81422-6; 978-1-315-74764-4; 978-1-138-81421-9 PY 2015 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BD9AA UT WOS:000364491400011 ER PT B AU Shelhamer, MJ AF Shelhamer, Mark J. BA Salas, E BF Salas, E TI TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS A Research-Based Guide SO TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS: A RESEARCH-BASED GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Shelhamer, Mark J.] NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Shelhamer, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-81422-6; 978-1-315-74764-4; 978-1-138-81421-9 PY 2015 BP 157 EP 159 PG 3 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BD9AA UT WOS:000364491400012 ER PT B AU Shelhamer, MJ AF Shelhamer, Mark J. BA Salas, E BF Salas, E TI TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS A Research-Based Guide SO TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS: A RESEARCH-BASED GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Shelhamer, Mark J.] NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Shelhamer, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-81422-6; 978-1-315-74764-4; 978-1-138-81421-9 PY 2015 BP 161 EP 162 PG 2 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BD9AA UT WOS:000364491400013 ER PT B AU Shelhamer, MJ AF Shelhamer, Mark J. BA Salas, E BF Salas, E TI TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS A Research-Based Guide SO TEAM TRAINING ESSENTIALS: A RESEARCH-BASED GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Shelhamer, Mark J.] NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Shelhamer, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Human Res Program, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-81422-6; 978-1-315-74764-4; 978-1-138-81421-9 PY 2015 BP 163 EP 167 PG 5 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BD9AA UT WOS:000364491400014 ER PT S AU Balasubramanian, K White, V Yee, K Echternach, P Muller, R Dickie, M Cady, E Prada, CM Ryan, D Poberezhskiy, I Zhou, HY Kern, B Riggs, AJ Zimmerman, NT Sirbu, D Shaklan, S Kasdin, J AF Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham White, Victor Yee, Karl Echternach, Pierre Muller, Richard Dickie, Matthew Cady, Eric Prada, Camilo Mejia Ryan, Daniel Poberezhskiy, Ilya Zhou, Hanying Kern, Brian Riggs, A. J. Zimmerman, Neil T. Sirbu, Dan Shaklan, Stuart Kasdin, Jeremy BE Shaklan, S TI Exoplanet coronagraph shaped pupil masks and laboratory scale star shade masks: Design, Fabrication and Characterization SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE WFIRST-AFTA; Exoplanet; Coronagraph; Shaped Pupil Masks; star shade; external occulter ID PIAA CORONAGRAPHY; APERTURES AB Star light suppression technologies to find and characterize faint exoplanets include internal coronagraph instruments as well as external star shade occulters. Currently, the NASA WFIRST-AFTA mission study includes an internal coronagraph instrument to find and characterize exoplanets. Various types of masks could be employed to suppress the host star light to about 10(-9) level contrast over a broad spectrum to enable the coronagraph mission objectives. Such masks for high contrast internal coronagraphic imaging require various fabrication technologies to meet a wide range of specifications, including precise shapes, micron scale island features, ultra-low reflectivity regions, uniformity, wave front quality, achromaticity, etc. We present the approaches employed at JPL to produce pupil plane and image plane coronagraph masks by combining electron beam, deep reactive ion etching, and black silicon technologies with illustrative examples of each, highlighting milestone accomplishments from the High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT) at JPL and from the High Contrast Imaging Lab (HCIL) at Princeton University. We also present briefly the technologies applied to fabricate laboratory scale star shade masks. C1 [Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; White, Victor; Yee, Karl; Echternach, Pierre; Muller, Richard; Dickie, Matthew; Cady, Eric; Prada, Camilo Mejia; Ryan, Daniel; Poberezhskiy, Ilya; Zhou, Hanying; Kern, Brian; Shaklan, Stuart] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Riggs, A. J.; Zimmerman, Neil T.; Sirbu, Dan; Kasdin, Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kbala@jpl.nasa.gov OI Zimmerman, Neil/0000-0001-5484-1516; Riggs, A J Eldorado/0000-0002-0863-6228 NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050L DI 10.1117/12.2188954 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800017 ER PT S AU Belikov, R Bendek, E Thomas, S Males, J Lozi, J AF Belikov, Ruslan Bendek, Eduardo Thomas, Sandrine Males, Jared Lozi, Julien CA ACESat Team BE Shaklan, S TI How to Directly Image a Habitable Planet Around Alpha Centauri with a similar to 30-45cm Space Telescope SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE exoplanet; exo-Earth; high contrast; direct imaging; coronagraph; wavefront control; Alpha Centauri ID SYSTEMS AB Several mission concepts are being studied to directly image planets around nearby stars. It is commonly thought that directly imaging a potentially habitable exoplanet around a Sun-like star requires space telescopes with apertures of at least 1m. A notable exception to this is Alpha Centauri (A and B), which is an extreme outlier among FGKM stars in terms of apparent habitable zone size: the habitable zones are similar to 3x wider in apparent size than around any other FGKM star. This enables a similar to 30-45cm visible light space telescope equipped with a modern high performance coronagraph or starshade to resolve the habitable zone at high contrast and directly image any potentially habitable planet that may exist in the system. We presents a brief analysis of the astrophysical and technical challenges involved with direct imaging of Alpha Centauri with a small telescope and describe two new technologies that address some of the key technical challenges. In particular, the raw contrast requirements for such an instrument can be relaxed to 1e-8 if the mission spends 2 years collecting tens of thousands of images on the same target, enabling a factor of 500-1000 speckle suppression in post processing using a new technique called Orbital Difference Imaging (ODI). The raw light leak from both stars is controllable with a special wavefront control algorithm known as Multi-Star Wavefront Control (MSWC), which independently suppresses diffraction and aberrations from both stars using independent modes on the deformable mirror. We also show an example of a small coronagraphic mission concept to take advantage of this opportunity. C1 [Belikov, Ruslan; Bendek, Eduardo] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine] Large Synopt Survey Telescope, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Males, Jared] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lozi, Julien] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Belikov, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960517 DI 10.1117/12.2188732 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800035 ER PT S AU Belikov, R Krist, J Stapelfeldt, K AF Belikov, Ruslan Krist, John Stapelfeldt, Karl BE Shaklan, S TI PIAA Coronagraph Design for the Exo-C Mission Concept SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE exoplanet; direct imaging; high contrast; PIAA; coronagraph; habitable; Exo-C AB The Exoplanet Coronagraph (Exo-C) mission concept consists of a 1.4m space telescope equipped with a high performance coronagraph to directly image exoplanets and disks around many nearby stars. One of the coronagraphs under consideration to be used for this mission is the highly efficient Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph. This paper presents and describes: (a) the PIAA design for Exo-C; (b) an end-to-end performance analysis including sensitivity to jitter, and (c) the expected science yield of Exo-C with PIAA. The design is a "classic" PIAA, which is made possible by the unobstructed aperture. It consists of a pair of forward and inverse PIAA optics and a simple hard-edge focal plane mask. A mild binary pre-apodizer relaxes the radius of curvature on the PIAA mirrors to be easier than typical PIAA mirrors manufactured to date. This design has been optimized for high performance while being relatively insensitive to low order aberrations. The throughput is 90% relative to telescope PSF, while the inner working angle is 2.1 l/D and the contrast is similar to 1e-9 in a full 360-degree field of view (after wavefront control with two DMs), all for a 20% spectral band centered around 550nm. The design also has good tolerance to jitter: contrast at 1.6mas jitter is still within a factor of a few of 1e-9. C1 [Belikov, Ruslan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Krist, John] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Stapelfeldt, Karl] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Belikov, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Ruslan.belikov@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050V DI 10.1117/12.2188934 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800025 ER PT S AU Bendek, EA Sirbu, D Liu, ZW Martin, S Lu, D AF Bendek, Eduardo A. Sirbu, Dan Liu, Zhaowei Martin, Stefan Lu, Dylan BE Shaklan, S TI External occulter edge scattering control using metamaterials for exoplanet detection SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Starshades; Metamaterials; Exoplanets; High-Contrast Imaging ID HYPERBOLIC METAMATERIALS; NEGATIVE INDEX; REFRACTION AB Direct imaging of earth-like exoplanets in the Habitable Zone of sun-like stars requires image contrast of similar to 10<^>10 at angular separations of around a hundred milliarcseconds. One approach for achieving this performance is to fly a starshade at a long distance in front of the telescope, shading the telescope from the direct starlight, but allowing planets around the star to be seen. The starshade is positioned so that sunlight falls on the surface away from the telescope, so the sun does not directly illuminate it. However, sunlight scattered from the starshade edge can enter the telescope, raising the background light level and potentially preventing the starshade from delivering the required contrast. As a result, starshade edge design has been identified as one of the highest priority technology gaps for external occulter missions in the NASAs Exoplanet Exploration Program Technology Plan 2013. To reduce the sunlight edge scatter to an acceptable level, the edge Radius Of Curvature (ROC) should be 1 mu m or less (commercial razor blades have ROC of a few hundred nanometer). This poses a challenging manufacturing requirement and may make the occulter difficult to handle. In this paper we propose an alternative approach to controlling the edge scattering by applying a flexible metamaterial to the occulter edge. Metamaterials are artificially structured materials, which have been designed to display properties not found in natural materials. Metamaterials can be designed to direct the scatter at planned incident angles away from the space telescope, thereby directly decreasing the contaminating background light. Reduction of the background light translates into shorter integration time to characterize a target planet and therefore improves the efficiency of the observations. As an additional benefit, metamaterials also have potential to produce increased tolerance to edge defects. C1 [Bendek, Eduardo A.; Sirbu, Dan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Liu, Zhaowei; Lu, Dylan] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Martin, Stefan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bendek, EA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96052D DI 10.1117/12.2189004 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800062 ER PT S AU Bendek, EA Belikov, R Lozi, J Thomas, S Males, J Weston, S McElwain, M AF Bendek, Eduardo A. Belikov, Ruslan Lozi, Julien Thomas, Sandrine Males, Jared Weston, Sasha McElwain, Michael BE Shaklan, S TI Space telescope design to directly image the habitable zone of Alpha Centauri SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE exoplanet; exo-earth; coronagraphs; direct imaging; coronagraph; wavefront control; Alpha Centauri ID INDUCED AMPLITUDE APODIZATION; SYSTEMS; PLANETS AB The scientific interest in directly imaging and identifying Earth-like planets within the Habitable Zone (HZ) around nearby stars is driving the design of specialized direct imaging missions such as ACESAT, EXO-C, EXO-S and AFTA-C. The inner edge of Alpha Cen A&B Habitable Zone is found at exceptionally large angular separations of 0.7" and 0.4" respectively. This enables direct imaging of the system with a 0.3m class telescope. Contrast ratios on the order of 10(10) are needed to image Earth-brightness planets. Low-resolution (5-band) spectra of all planets may allow establishing the presence and amount of an atmosphere. This star system configuration is optimal for a specialized small, and stable space telescope that can achieve high-contrast but has limited resolution. This paper describes an innovative instrument design and a mission concept based on a full Silicon Carbide off-axis telescope, which has a Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization coronagraph embedded in the telescope. This architecture maximizes stability and throughput. A Multi-Star Wave Front algorithm is implemented to drive a deformable mirror controlling simultaneously diffracted light from the on-axis and binary companion star. The instrument has a Focal Plane Occulter to reject starlight into a high-precision pointing control camera. Finally we utilize a Orbital Differential Imaging (ODI) post-processing method that takes advantage of a highly stable environment (Earth-trailing orbit) and a continuous sequence of images spanning 2 years, to reduce the final noise floor in post processing to similar to 2e-11 levels, enabling high confidence and at least 90% completeness detections of Earth-like planets. C1 [Bendek, Eduardo A.; Belikov, Ruslan; Weston, Sasha] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lozi, Julien] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. LSST Corp, AURA LSST, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine; Males, Jared] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [McElwain, Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bendek, EA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960516 DI 10.1117/12.2188999 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800034 ER PT S AU Bush, N Hall, D Holland, A Burgon, R Murray, N Gow, J Soman, M Jordan, D Demers, R Harding, LK Hoenk, M Michaels, D Nemati, B Peddada, P AF Bush, Nathan Hall, Davil Holland, Andrew Burgon, Ross Murray, Neil Gow, Jason Soman, Matthew Jordan, Douglas Demers, Richard Harding, Leon K. Hoenk, Michael Michaels, Darren Nemati, Bijan Peddada, Pavani BE Shaklan, S TI The impact of radiation damage on photon counting with an EMCCD for the WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE WFIRST-AF TA; coronagraph; EMCCD; radiation damage; photon-counting; Charge Transfer Efficiency AB WFIRST-AFTA is a 2.4m class NASA observatory designed to address a wide range of science objectives using two complementary scientific payloads. The Wide Field Instrument (WFI) offers Hubble quality imaging over a 0.28 square degree field of view, and will gather NIR statistical data on exoplanets through gravitational microlensing. The second instrument is a high contrast coronagraph that will carry out the direct imaging and spectroscopic analysis of exoplanets, providing a means to probe the structure and composition of planetary systems. The coronagraph instrument is expected to operate in low photon flux for long integration times, meaning all noise sources must be kept to a minimum. In order to satisfy the low noise requirements, the Electron Multiplication (EM)-CCD has been baselined for both the imaging and spectrograph cameras. The EMCCD was selected in comparison with other candidates because of its low effective electronic read noise at sub-electron values with appropriate multiplication gain setting. The presence of other noise sources, however, such as thermal dark signal and Clock Induced Charge (CIC), need to be characterised and mitigated. In addition, operation within a space environment will subject the device to radiation damage that will degrade the Charge Transfer Efficiency (CTE) of the device throughout the mission lifetime. Here we present our latest results from pre- and post-irradiation testing of the e2v CCD201-20 BI EMCCD sensor, baselined for the WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph instrument. A description of the detector technology is presented, alongside considerations for operation within a space environment. The results from a room temperature irradiation are discussed in context with the nominal operating requirements of AFTA-C and future work which entails a cryogenic irradiation of the CCD201-20 is presented. C1 [Bush, Nathan; Hall, Davil; Holland, Andrew; Burgon, Ross; Murray, Neil; Gow, Jason; Soman, Matthew] Open Univ, Ctr Elect Imaging, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Jordan, Douglas] e2v Technol Plc, Chelmsford CM1 2QU, Essex, England. [Demers, Richard; Harding, Leon K.; Hoenk, Michael; Michaels, Darren; Nemati, Bijan; Peddada, Pavani] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bush, N (reprint author), Open Univ, Ctr Elect Imaging, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM nathan.bush@open.ac.uk NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050E DI 10.1117/12.2189818 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800010 ER PT S AU Cady, E Prada, CM An, X Balasubramanian, K Diaz, R Kasdin, NJ Kern, B Kuhnert, A Nemati, B Patterson, K Poberezhskiy, I Riggs, AJE Ryan, D Zhou, HY Zimmer, R Zimmerman, NT AF Cady, Eric Prada, Camilo Mejia An, Xin Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham Diaz, Rosemary Kasdin, N. Jeremy Kern, Brian Kuhnert, Andreas Nemati, Bijan Patterson, Keith Poberezhskiy, Ilya Riggs, A. J. Eldorado Ryan, Daniel Zhou, Hanying Zimmer, Robert Zimmerman, Neil T. BE Shaklan, S TI Laboratory performance of the shaped pupil coronagraphic architecture for the WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB One of the two primary architectures being tested for the WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph instrument is the shaped pupil coronagraph, which uses a binary aperture in a pupil plane to create localized regions of high contrast in a subsequent focal plane. The aperture shapes are determined by optimization, and can be designed to work in the presence of secondary obscurations and spiders an important consideration for coronagraphy with WFIRST-AFTA. We present the current performance of the shaped pupil testbed, including the results of AFTA Milestone 2, in which approximate to 6 x 10(-9) contrast was achieved in three independent runs starting from a neutral setting. C1 [Cady, Eric; Prada, Camilo Mejia; An, Xin; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Diaz, Rosemary; Kern, Brian; Kuhnert, Andreas; Nemati, Bijan; Patterson, Keith; Poberezhskiy, Ilya; Ryan, Daniel; Zhou, Hanying; Zimmer, Robert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Riggs, A. J. Eldorado; Zimmerman, Neil T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Cady, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM eric.j.cady@jpl.nasa.gov OI Zimmerman, Neil/0000-0001-5484-1516; Riggs, A J Eldorado/0000-0002-0863-6228 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050B DI 10.1117/12.2189113 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800008 ER PT S AU Defrere, D Hinz, P Skemer, A Bailey, V Downey, E Durney, O Eisner, J Hill, JM Hoffmann, WF Leisenring, J McMahon, T Montoya, M Spalding, E Stone, J Vaz, A Absil, O Esposito, S Kenworthy, M Mennesson, B Millan-Gabet, R Nelson, M Puglisi, A Skrutskie, MF Wilson, J AF Defrere, D. Hinz, P. Skemer, A. Bailey, V. Downey, E. Durney, O. Eisner, J. Hill, J. M. Hoffmann, W. F. Leisenring, J. McMahon, T. Montoya, M. Spalding, E. Stone, J. Vaz, A. Absil, O. Esposito, S. Kenworthy, M. Mennesson, B. Millan-Gabet, R. Nelson, M. Puglisi, A. Skrutskie, M. F. Wilson, J. BE Shaklan, S TI Exoplanet science with the LBTI: instrument status and plans SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE LBT; ELT; Fizeau imaging; Infrared interferometry; Exoplanet; Exozodiacal disks ID LARGE BINOCULAR TELESCOPE; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; NULLER; INTERFEROMETER; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM AB The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) is a strategic instrument of the LBT designed for high-sensitivity, high-contrast, and high-resolution infrared (1.5-13 mu m) imaging of nearby planetary systems. To carry out a wide range of high-spatial resolution observations, it can combine the two AO-corrected 8.4-m apertures of the LBT in various ways including direct (non-interferometric) imaging, coronagraphy (APP and AGPM), Fizeau imaging, non-redundant aperture masking, and nulling interferometry. It also has broadband, narrowband, and spectrally dispersed capabilities. In this paper, we review the performance of these modes in terms of exoplanet science capabilities and describe recent instrumental milestones such as first-light Fizeau images (with the angular resolution of an equivalent 22.8-m telescope) and deep interferometric nulling observations. C1 [Defrere, D.; Hinz, P.; Skemer, A.; Bailey, V.; Downey, E.; Durney, O.; Eisner, J.; Hoffmann, W. F.; Leisenring, J.; McMahon, T.; Montoya, M.; Spalding, E.; Stone, J.; Vaz, A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hill, J. M.] Univ Arizona, Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Absil, O.] Univ Liege, Dept Astrophys Geophys & Oceanog, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. [Esposito, S.; Puglisi, A.] Arcetri Astrophys Observ, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Kenworthy, M.] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Mennesson, B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Millan-Gabet, R.] CALTECH, NASA Exoplanet Sci Ctr NExSci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nelson, M.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, NM 55455 USA. [Skrutskie, M. F.; Wilson, J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Defrere, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ddefrere@email.arizona.edu OI Stone, Jordan/0000-0003-0454-3718; Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-5407-2806 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96051G DI 10.1117/12.2188912 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800042 ER PT S AU Demers, RT Dekens, F Calvet, R Chang, ZS Effinger, R Ek, E Hovland, L Jones, L Loc, A Nemati, B Noecker, C Neville, T Pham, H Rud, M Tang, H Villalvazo, J AF Demers, Richard T. Dekens, Frank Calvet, Rob Chang, Zensheu Effinger, Robert Ek, Eric Hovland, Larry Jones, Laura Loc, Anthony Nemati, Bijan Noecker, Charley Neville, Timothy Hung Pham Rud, Mike Tang, Hong Villalvazo, Juan BE Shaklan, S TI Requirements and Design Reference Mission for the WFIRST-AFTA Coronagraph Instrument SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph instrument takes advantage of AFTAs 2.4-meter aperture to provide novel exoplanet imaging science at approximately the same instrument cost as an Explorer mission. The AFTA coronagraph also matures direct imaging technologies to high TRL for an Exo-Earth Imager in the next decade. The coronagraph Design Reference Mission (DRM) optical design is based on the highly successful High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT), with modifications to accommodate the AFTA telescope design, service-ability, volume constraints, and the addition of an Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS). In order to optimally satisfy the three science objectives of planet imaging, planet spectral characterization and dust debris imaging, the coronagraph is designed to operate in two different modes: Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph or Shaped Pupil Coronagraph. Active mechanisms change pupil masks, focal plane masks, Lyot masks, and bandpass filters to shift between modes. A single optical beam train can thus operate alternatively as two different coronagraph architectures. Structural Thermal Optical Performance (STOP) analysis predicts the instrument contrast with the Low Order Wave Front Control loop closed. The STOP analysis was also used to verify that the optical/structural/thermal design provides the extreme stability required for planet characterization in the presence of thermal disturbances expected in a typical observing scenario. This paper describes the instrument design and the flow down from science requirements to high level engineering requirements. C1 [Demers, Richard T.; Dekens, Frank; Calvet, Rob; Chang, Zensheu; Effinger, Robert; Ek, Eric; Hovland, Larry; Jones, Laura; Loc, Anthony; Nemati, Bijan; Noecker, Charley; Neville, Timothy; Hung Pham; Rud, Mike; Tang, Hong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Villalvazo, Juan] Appl Sci Lab, New York, NY USA. RP Demers, RT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960502 DI 10.1117/12.2191792 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800001 ER PT S AU Douglas, ES Hewawasam, K Mendillo, CB Cahoy, KIL Cook, TA Finn, SC Howe, GA Kuchner, MJ Lewis, NK Marinan, AD Mawet, D Chakrabarti, S AF Douglas, Ewan S. Hewawasam, Kuravi Mendillo, Christopher B. Cahoy, Kern I. L. Cook, Timothy A. Finn, Susanna C. Howe, Glenn A. Kuchner, Marc J. Lewis, Nikole K. Marinan, Anne D. Mawet, Dimitri Chakrabarti, Supriya BE Shaklan, S TI End-to-end simulation of high-contrast imaging systems methods and results for the PICTURE mission family SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID NULLING INTERFEROMETER; PLANETS AB We describe a set of numerical approaches to modeling the performance of spaceflight high-contrast imaging payloads. Mission design for high-contrast imaging requires numerical wavefront error propagation to ensure accurate component specifications. For constructed instruments, wavelength and angle-dependent throughput and contrast models allow detailed simulations of science observations, allowing mission planners to select the most productive science targets. The PICTURE family of missions seek to quantify the optical brightness of scattered light from extrasolar debris disks via several high-contrast imaging techniques: sounding rocket (the Planet Imaging Concept Testbed Using a Rocket Experiment) and balloon flights of a visible nulling coronagraph, as well as a balloon flight of a vector vortex coronagraph (the Planetary Imaging Concept Testbed Using a Recoverable Experiment - Coronagraph, PICTURE-C). The rocket mission employs an on-axis 0.5m Gregorian telescope, while the balloon flights will share an unobstructed off-axis 0.6m Gregorian. This work details the flexible approach to polychromatic, end-to-end physical optics simulations used for both the balloon vector vortex coronagraph and rocket visible nulling coronagraph missions. We show the preliminary PICTURE-C telescope and vector vortex coronagraph design will achieve 10(-8) contrast without post-processing as limited by realistic optics, but not considering polarization or low-order errors. Simulated science observations of the predicted warm ring around Epsilon Eridani illustrate the performance of both missions. C1 [Douglas, Ewan S.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hewawasam, Kuravi; Mendillo, Christopher B.; Cook, Timothy A.; Finn, Susanna C.; Howe, Glenn A.; Chakrabarti, Supriya] UMASS Lowell, Lowell Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Cahoy, Kern I. L.; Marinan, Anne D.; Mawet, Dimitri] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cahoy, Kern I. L.] MIT, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Marinan, Anne D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kuchner, Marc J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lewis, Nikole K.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Mawet, Dimitri] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Douglas, ES (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Astron, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM douglase@bu.edu; kuravi_hewawasam@student.uml.edu OI Douglas, Ewan/0000-0002-0813-4308 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96051A DI 10.1117/12.2187262 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800038 ER PT S AU Gong, Q McElwain, M Greeley, B Grammer, B Marx, C Memarsadeghi, N Stapelfeldt, K Hilton, G Sayson, JL Perrin, M Demers, R Tang, H Kern, B Ferdosi, J AF Gong, Qian McElwain, Michael Greeley, Bradford Grammer, Bryan Marx, Catherine Memarsadeghi, Nargess Stapelfeldt, Karl Hilton, George Sayson, Jorge Llop Perrin, Marshall Demers, Richard Tang, Hong Kern, Brian Ferdosi, Janan BE Shaklan, S TI Prototype Imaging Spectrograph for Coronagraphic Exoplanet Studies (PISCES) for WFIRST-AFTA SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Integral field spectrometer; lenslet array; coronagraph; pinhole mask AB Prototype Imaging Spectrograph for Coronagraphic Exoplanet Studies (PISCES) is a lenslet array based integral field spectrometer (IFS) designed for high contrast imaging of extrasolar planets. PISCES will be used to advance the technology readiness of the high contrast IFS baselined on the Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope/Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets (WFIRST-AFTA) coronagraph instrument. PISCES will be integrated into the high contrast imaging testbed (HCIT) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and will work with both the Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC) and the Shaped Pupil Coronagraph (SPC) configurations. We discuss why the lenslet array based IFS was selected for PISCES. We present the PISCES optical design, including the similarities and differences of lenslet based IFSs to normal spectrometers, the trade-off between a refractive design and reflective design, as well as the specific function of our pinhole mask on the back surface of the lenslet array to reduce the diffraction from the edge of the lenslets. The optical analysis, alignment plan, and mechanical design of the instrument will be discussed. C1 [Gong, Qian; McElwain, Michael; Greeley, Bradford; Marx, Catherine; Memarsadeghi, Nargess; Stapelfeldt, Karl] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Grammer, Bryan] Design Interface, Finksberg, MD 21048 USA. [Hilton, George] Newton Engn, Hyattsville, MD 20784 USA. [Sayson, Jorge Llop] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Perrin, Marshall] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Demers, Richard; Tang, Hong; Kern, Brian; Ferdosi, Janan] Jet Prop Lab, La Canada Flintridge, CA 91011 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM qian.gong-1@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050G DI 10.1117/12.2187122 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800012 ER PT S AU Groff, TD Kasdin, NJ Limbach, MA Galvin, M Carr, MA Knapp, G Brandt, T Loomis, C Jarosik, N Mede, K McElwain, MW Leviton, DB Miller, KH Quijada, MA Guyon, O Jovanovic, N Takato, N Hayashi, M AF Groff, Tyler D. Kasdin, N. Jeremy Limbach, Mary Anne Galvin, Michael Carr, Michael A. Knapp, Gillian Brandt, Timothy Loomis, Craig Jarosik, Norman Mede, Kyle McElwain, Michael W. Leviton, Douglas B. Miller, Kevin H. Quijada, Manuel A. Guyon, Olivier Jovanovic, Nemanja Takato, Naruhisa Hayashi, Masahiko BE Shaklan, S TI The CHARTS IFS for high contrast imaging at Subaru SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Integral Field Spectrograph; Lens let; Extreme Adaptive Optics; Coronagraphy; Exoplanets AB The Coronagraphic High Angular Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (CHARTS) is an integral field spectrograph (IFS) being built for the Subaru telescope. CHARTS will take spectra of brown dwarfs and hot Jovian planets in the coronagraphic image provided by the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExA0) and A0188 adaptive optics systems.1,2 The system is designed to detect objects five orders of magnitude dimmer than their parent star down to an 80 milliarcsecond inner working angle. For characterization, CHARTS has a high-resolution prism providing an average spectral resolution of R82, R69, and R82 in J, H, and K bands respectively. The so-called discovery mode uses a second low-resolution prism with an average spectral resolution of R19 spanning 1.15-2.37 microns (J+H+K bands). This is unique compared to other high contrast IFS designs. It augments low inner working angle performance by reducing the separation at which we can rely on spectral differential imaging. The principal challenge for a high-contrast IFS is quasi-static speckles, which cause undue levels of spectral crosstalk. CHARTS has addressed this through several key design aspects that should constrain crosstalk between adjacent spectral features to be below 1%. Sitting on the Nasmyth platform, the alignment between the lenslet array, prism, and detector will be highly stable, key for the performance of the data pipeline. Nearly every component has arrived and the project is entering its final build phase. Here we review the science case, the resulting design, status of final construction, and lessons learned that are directly applicable to future exoplanet instruments. C1 [Groff, Tyler D.; Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Limbach, Mary Anne; Galvin, Michael; Carr, Michael A.; Knapp, Gillian; Brandt, Timothy; Loomis, Craig; Jarosik, Norman] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [McElwain, Michael W.; Miller, Kevin H.; Quijada, Manuel A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Leviton, Douglas B.] Leviton Metrol Solut, Boulder, CO USA. [Mede, Kyle; Guyon, Olivier; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Takato, Naruhisa] Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI USA. [Hayashi, Masahiko] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan. RP Groff, TD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tgroff@princeton.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96051C DI 10.1117/12.2188465 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800040 ER PT S AU Harding, LK Demers, RT Hoenk, M Peddada, P Nemati, B Cherng, M Michaels, D Loc, A Bush, N Hall, D Murray, N Gow, J Burgon, R Holland, A Reinheimer, A Jorden, PR Jordan, D AF Harding, Leon K. Demers, Richard T. Hoenk, Michael Peddada, Pavani Nemati, Bijan Cherng, Michael Michaels, Darren Loc, Anthony Bush, Nathan Hall, David Murray, Neil Gow, Jason Burgon, Ross Holland, Andrew Reinheimer, Alice Jorden, Paul R. Jordan, Douglas BE Shaklan, S TI Electron Multiplying CCD Detector Technology Advancement for the WFIRST-AFTA Coronagraph SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE EMCCD; WFIRST-AFTA; Radiation Damage AB The WFIRST-AFTA (Wide Field Infra Red Survey Telescope-Astrophysics Focused Telescope Asset) is a NASA space observatory. It will host two major astronomical instruments: a wide-field imager (WFI) to search for dark energy and carry out wide field near infrared (NIR) surveys, and a coronagraph instrument (CGI) to image and spectrally characterize extrasolar planets. In this paper, we discuss the work that has been carried out at JPL in advancing Electron Multiplying CCD (EMCCD) technology to higher flight maturity, with the goal of reaching a NASA technology readiness level of 6 (TRL-6) by early-to-mid 2016. The EMCCD has been baselined for both the coronagraph's imager and integral field spectrograph (IFS) based on its sub-electron noise performance at extremely low flux levels - the regime where the AFTA CGI will operate. We present results from a study that fully characterizes the beginning of life performance of the EMCCD. We also discuss, and present initial results from, a recent radiation test campaign that was designed and carried out to mimic the conditions of the WFIRST-AFTA space environment in an L2 orbit, where we sought to assess the sensor's end of life performance, particularly degradation of its charge transfer efficiency, in addition to other parameters such as dark current, electron multiplication gain, clock induced charge and read noise. C1 [Harding, Leon K.; Demers, Richard T.; Hoenk, Michael; Peddada, Pavani; Nemati, Bijan; Cherng, Michael; Michaels, Darren; Loc, Anthony] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bush, Nathan; Hall, David; Murray, Neil; Gow, Jason; Burgon, Ross; Holland, Andrew] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Ctr Elect Imaging, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Reinheimer, Alice] e2v Inc, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. [Jorden, Paul R.; Jordan, Douglas] e2v Technol, Chelmsford CM1 2QU, Essex, England. RP Harding, LK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Leon.K.Harding@jpl.nasa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 DI 10.1117/12.2189927 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800011 ER PT S AU Hicks, BA Lyon, RG Petrone, P Miller, IJ Bolcar, MR Clampin, M Helmbrecht, MA Mallik, U AF Hicks, Brian A. Lyon, Richard G. Petrone, Peter, III Miller, Ian J. Bolcar, Matthew R. Clampin, Mark Helmbrecht, Michael A. Mallik, Udayan BE Shaklan, S TI Demonstrating broadband billion-to-one contrast with the Visible Nulling Coronagraph SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Exoplanets; high-contrast imaging; nulling coronagraphy; wavefront sensing and control; interferometry; polarization optics AB The key to broadband operation of the Visible Nulling Coronagraph (VNC) is achieving a condition of quasiachromatic destructive interference between combined beams. Here we present efforts towards meeting this goal using Fresnel rhombs in each interferometric arm as orthogonally aligned half wave phase retarders. The milestone goal of the demonstration is to achieve 1 x 10-9 contrast at 2A/D over a 40 nm bandpass centered at 633 nm. Rhombs have been designed and fabricated, and a multi-step approach to alignment using coarse positioners for each rhomb and pair has been developed to get within range of piezo stages used for fine positioning. The previously demonstrated narrowband VNC sensing and control approach that uses a segmented deformable mirror is being adapted to broadband to include fine positioning of the piezo-mounted rhombs, all demonstrated in a low-pressure environment. C1 [Hicks, Brian A.; Lyon, Richard G.; Bolcar, Matthew R.; Clampin, Mark; Mallik, Udayan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petrone, Peter, III] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [Miller, Ian J.] LightMachinery Inc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Helmbrecht, Michael A.] Iris AO Inc, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Hicks, BA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM brian.a.hicks@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 DI 10.1117/12.2189101 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800016 ER PT S AU Kim, Y Galvin, M Kasdin, NJ Vanderbei, RJ Ryu, D Kim, KW Kim, SW Sirbu, D AF Kim, Yunjong Galvin, Mike Kasdin, N. Jeremy Vanderbei, Robert J. Ryu, Dongok Kim, Ki-Won Kim, Sug-Whan Sirbu, Dan BE Shaklan, S TI Design of a laboratory testbed for external occulters at flight Fresnel numbers SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE External Occulters; Starshade; High Contrast Imaging; Exoplanets; Laboratory Scaling ID PLANETS AB One of the main candidates for creating high-contrast for future Exo-Earth detection is an external occulter or sharshade. A starshade blocks the light from the parent star by flying in formation along the line-of-sight from a space telescope. Because of its large size and scale it is impossible to fully test a starshade system on the ground before launch. Instead, we rely on modeling supported by subscale laboratory tests to verify the models. At Princeton, we are designing and building a subscale testbed to verify the suppression and contrast of a starshade at the same Fresnel number as a flight system, and thus mathematically identical to a realistic space mission. Here we present the mechanical design of the testbed and simulations predicting the ultimate contrast performance. We will also present progress in implementation and preliminary results. C1 [Kim, Yunjong; Galvin, Mike; Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Vanderbei, Robert J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sirbu, Dan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Ryu, Dongok; Kim, Sug-Whan] Yonsei Univ, Seoul 03722, South Korea. [Kim, Ki-Won] Zernike Int, Songnam 13637, South Korea. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kimyj@princeton.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960511 DI 10.1117/12.2186349 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800030 ER PT S AU Krist, J Nemati, B Zhou, HY Sidick, E AF Krist, John Nemati, Bijan Zhou, Hanying Sidick, Erkin BE Shaklan, S TI lAn overview of WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph modelling SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE WFIRST; AFTA; coronagraph AB The WFIRST/AFTA 2.4 m space telescope currently under study includes a stellar coronagraph for the imaging and spectral characterization of extrasolar planets. Based largely on performance predictions from end-to-end optical propagation modeling, promising coronagraphic methods were selected in late 2013 for further consideration for use on AFTA. Since those downselect analyses further modeling work has been done on evaluating refined coronagraph designs, wavefront sensing and control, detector representation, and time-dependent effects. Thermal, structural, ray trace, and diffraction propagation models are used in these studies. Presented here is the progress to date and plans for future analyses. C1 [Krist, John; Nemati, Bijan; Zhou, Hanying; Sidick, Erkin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Krist, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960505 DI 10.1117/12.2188361 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800003 ER PT S AU Males, JR Belikov, R Bendek, E AF Males, Jared R. Belikov, Ruslan Bendek, Eduardo BE Shaklan, S TI Orbital Differential Imaging: A New High-Contrast Post-Processing Technique For Direct Imaging of Exoplanets SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE exoplanets; high-contrast imaging; post-processing AB Current post-processing techniques in high contrast imaging depend on some source of diversity between the exoplanet signal and the residual star light at that location. The two main techniques are angular differential imaging (ADI), which makes use of parallactic sky rotation to separate planet from star light, and spectral differential imaging (SDI), which makes use of differences in the spectrum of planet and star light and the wavelength dependence of the point spread function (PSF). Here we introduce our technique for exploiting another source of diversity: orbital motion. Given repeated observations of an exoplanetary system with sufficiently short orbital periods, the motion of the planets allows us to discriminate them from the PSF. In addition to using powerful PSF subtraction algorithms, such an observing strategy enables temporal filtering. Once an orbit is determined, the planet can be "de-orbited" to further increase the signal-to-noise ratio. We call this collection of techniques Orbital Differential Imaging (ODI). Here we present the motivation for this technique, present a noise model, and present results from simulations. We believe ODI will be an enabling technique for imaging Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars with dedicated space missions. C1 [Males, Jared R.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Belikov, Ruslan; Bendek, Eduardo] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Males, JR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jrmales@email.arizona.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960518 DI 10.1117/12.2188766 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800036 ER PT S AU Mallik, U Lyon, R Petrone, P McElwain, M Benford, D Clampin, M Hicks, B AF Mallik, Udayan Lyon, Richard Petrone, Peter McElwain, Michael Benford, Dominic Clampin, Mark Hicks, Brian BE Shaklan, S TI Maturing CCD Photon-Counting Technology for Space Flight SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Device; Exoplanet Imaging with an EMCCD; Visible Nulling Coronagraph; High-Contrast Imaging; Interferometric Coronagraph; Spatially Selective Multiplication Clocking; Galaxy Survey with Photon Counting Cameras; Integral Field Spectrograph AB This paper discusses charge blooming and starlight saturation two potential technical problems when using an Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Device (EMCCD) type detector in a high-contrast instrument for imaging exoplanets. These problems especially affect an interferometric type coronagraph coronagraphs that do not use a mask to physically block starlight in the science channel of the instrument. These problems are presented using images taken with a commercial Princeton Instrument EMCCD camera in the Goddard Space Flight Center's (GSFC), Interferometric Coronagraph facility. In addition, this paper discusses techniques to overcome such problems. This paper also discusses the development and architecture of a Field Programmable Gate Array and Digital-to-Analog Converter based shaped clock controller for a photon-counting EMCCD camera. The discussion contained here will inform high-contrast imaging groups in their work with EMCCD detectors. C1 [Mallik, Udayan; Lyon, Richard; McElwain, Michael; Benford, Dominic; Clampin, Mark; Hicks, Brian] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petrone, Peter] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Mallik, U (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Udayan.Mallik@Nasa.Gov RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960515 DI 10.1117/12.2189904 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800033 ER PT S AU Martin, S Scharf, D Cady, E Liebe, C Tang, H AF Martin, Stefan Scharf, Daniel Cady, Eric Liebe, Carl Tang, Hong BE Shaklan, S TI Optical Instrumentation for Science and Formation Flying with a Starshade Observatory SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Starshades; exoplanets; debris disks; space telescopes ID OCCULTER; PLANETS AB In conjunction with a space telescope of modest size, a starshade enables observation of small exoplanets close to the parent star by blocking the direct starlight while the planet light remains unobscured. The starshade is flown some tens of thousands of kilometers ahead of the telescope. Science instruments may include a wide field camera for imaging the target exoplanetary system as well as an integral field spectrometer for characterization of exoplanet atmospheres. We show the preliminary designs of the optical instruments for observatories such as Exo-S, discuss formation flying and control, retargeting maneuvers and other aspects of a starshade mission. The implementation of a starshade-ready WFIRST-AFTA is discussed and we show how a compact, standalone instrument package could be developed as an add-on to future space telescopes, requiring only minor additions to the telescope spacecraft. C1 [Martin, Stefan; Scharf, Daniel; Cady, Eric; Liebe, Carl; Tang, Hong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050X DI 10.1117/12.2189562 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800027 ER PT S AU Mennesson, B Krist, J Nemati, B Ygouf, M Pueyo, L Soummer, R Perrin, M AF Mennesson, Bertrand Krist, John Nemati, Bijan Ygouf, Marie Pueyo, Laurent Soummer, Remi Perrin, Marshall BE Shaklan, S TI WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph performance: feedback from post-processing studies to overall design SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Coronagraphy; exoplanets; post-processing ID HR 8799; PLANETS; STAR AB The WFIRST-AFTA Coronagraph aims at forming direct images and measuring the first spectra of exoplanets in orbit around main sequence stars. An important aspect of the instrument is the ability to remove residual stellar speckles to improve the detectability of such planets. Based on detailed simulations and early laboratory tests, we present here some first estimates of the contrast gain expected from advanced post-processing treatments of AFTA-like coronagraphic images. We further discuss their impact on the overall design of the instrument, including its anticipated observing approach. C1 [Mennesson, Bertrand; Krist, John; Nemati, Bijan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ygouf, Marie; Pueyo, Laurent; Soummer, Remi; Perrin, Marshall] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Mennesson, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050D DI 10.1117/12.2189403 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800009 ER PT S AU Miller, K Guyon, O Codona, J Knight, J Rodack, A AF Miller, Kelsey Guyon, Olivier Codona, Johanan knight, Justin Rodack, Alexander BE Shaklan, S TI UA Wavefront Control Lab: Design Overview and Implementation of New Wavefront Sensing Techniques SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE wavefront control; coronagraphic low-order wavefront sensing (CLOWFS); PSF calibration; PIAA; differential optical transfer function (dOTF); linear dark field control (LDFC) AB We present an overview of the design of a new testbed for studying coronagraphic imaging and wavefront control using a variety of pupil and coronagraph architectures. The testbed is designed to explore optimal use of starlight (including starlight rejected by the coronagraph) for wavefront control, system self-calibration, and point spread function (PSF) calibration. It is also compatible with coronagraph designs for centrally obscured and segmented apertures, and includes shaped or apodized pupils, a range of focal plane masks and Lyot stops of multiple sizes, and an optional PIAA apodizing stage. Starlight is reflected and imaged from the focal plane mask and Lyot stop for low-order wavefront sensing. Both a segmented and a continuous sheet MEMS DM are included to simulate segmented telescope pupils, apply known test phase patterns, and implement a controllable phase apodization coronagraph. The testbed is adaptable and is currently being used to investigate three different techniques: (1) the differential optical transfer function (dOTF), (2) low-order wavefront sensing (LOWFS) with a hybrid-Lyot coronagraph, and (3) linear dark field control (LDFC). C1 [Miller, Kelsey; Codona, Johanan; knight, Justin; Rodack, Alexander] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Miller, K (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96052A DI 10.1117/12.2189915 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800059 ER PT S AU Morgan, R Siegler, N AF Morgan, Rhonda Siegler, Nick BE Shaklan, S TI Initial Look at the Coronagraph Technology Gaps for Direct Imaging of Exo-Earths SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Coronagraphy; exoplanets; technology AB NASA's Astrophysics Division plans to initiate mission concept studies in 2016 of large candidate astrophysics missions for consideration by the 2020 Decadal Survey. The studies are expected to include two mission concepts capable of directly imaging exo-earths (HabEx and LUVOIR). Direct imaging of an exo-earth begins with starlight suppression, which is required at a depth of 10(-10) in the visible for an earth-sun twin. The current results of laboratory coronagraphs are approaching the levels needed for the direct detection and characterization of an exo-earth. Other critical technologies are needed, such as ultra-low noise detectors, large format deformable mirrors, a large aperture space telescope, and sophisticated post-processing algorithms. While technologically challenging, the goal is not impossible; many of the required technologies are already at TRL 3 and beyond. After the successful on-orbit operation of WFIRST-AFTA in the next decade, some of the technologies will be at TRL 9. This paper summarizes the needed technologies that NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program is prioritizing for maturation. C1 [Morgan, Rhonda; Siegler, Nick] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Morgan, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96052I DI 10.1117/12.2196770 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800066 ER PT S AU Patterson, K Shields, J Wang, X Tang, H Azizi, A Brugaroloas, P Mandic, M Shi, F AF Patterson, Keith Shields, Joel Wang, Xu Tang, Hong Azizi, Ali Brugaroloas, Paul Mandic, Milan Shi, Fang BE Shaklan, S TI Control Design for Momentum-Compensated Fast Steering Mirror for the WFIRST-AFTA Coronagraph Instrument SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE WFIRST-AFTA; coronagraphy; jitter; exoplanet; wavefront control AB This paper presents results of the feedback control design for JPL's Fast Steering Mirror (FSM) for the WFIRSTAFTA coronagraph instrument. The objective of this controller is to cancel jitter disturbances in the beam from the spacecraft to a pointing stability of 0.4 masec over the duration of the observation using a momentumcompensated FSM. The plant model for the FSM was characterized experimentally, and the sensor model is based on simulated modeling. The control approach is divided between feedback compensation of low frequency attitude control system (ACS) drift, and feedforward cancellation of high frequency tonal disturbances originating from reaction wheel excitation of the telescope structure. This paper will present various aspects of the controller design, plant characterization, sensor modeling, disturbance estimation, performance simulation, and preliminary experimental testing results. C1 [Patterson, Keith; Shields, Joel; Wang, Xu; Tang, Hong; Azizi, Ali; Brugaroloas, Paul; Mandic, Milan; Shi, Fang] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Patterson, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM keith.d.patterson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96052C DI 10.1117/12.2191813 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800061 ER PT S AU Pluzhnik, E Guyon, O Belikov, R Bendek, E AF Pluzhnik, Eugene Guyon, Olivier Belikov, Ruslan Bendek, Eduardo BE Shaklan, S TI Design of off-axis PIAACMC mirrors SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Exoplanets; Coronagraphy; PIAA; Optics Design AB The Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization Complex Mask Coronagraph (PIAACMC) provides an efficient way to control diffraction propagation effects caused by the central obstruction/segmented mirrors of the telescope. PIAACMC can be optimized in a way that takes into account both chromatic diffraction effects caused by the telescope obstructed aperture and tip/tilt sensitivity of the coronagraph. As a result, unlike classic PIAA, the PIAACMC mirror shapes are often slightly asymmetric even for an on-axis configuration and require more care in calculating off-axis shapes when an off-axis configuration is preferred. A method to design off-axis PIAA mirror shapes given an on-axis mirror design is presented. The algorithm is based on geometrical ray tracing and is able to calculate off-axis PIAA mirror shapes for an arbitrary geometry of the input and output beams. The method is demonstrated using the third generation PIAACMC design for WFIRST-AFTA telescope. Geometrical optics design issues related to the off-axis diffraction propagation effects are also discussed. C1 [Pluzhnik, Eugene; Belikov, Ruslan; Bendek, Eduardo] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 87521 USA. RP Pluzhnik, E (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM yevgeniy.a.pluzhnyk@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960522 DI 10.1117/12.2188602 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800054 ER PT S AU Sayson, JL Memarsadeghi, N McElwain, MW Gong, Q Perrin, M Brandt, T Grammer, B Greeley, B Hilton, G Marx, C AF Sayson, Jorge Llop Memarsadeghi, Nargess McElwain, Michael W. Gong, Qian Perrin, Marshall Brandt, Timothy Grammer, Bryan Greeley, Bradford Hilton, George Marx, Catherine BE Shaklan, S TI PISCES: high contrast integral field spectrograph simulations and data reduction pipeline SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Integral Field Spectroscopy; Optical Simulations; Data Reduction AB The PISCES (Prototype Imaging Spectrograph for Coronagraphic Exoplanet Studies) is a lenslet array based integral field spectrograph (IFS) designed to advance the technology readiness of the WFIRST-AFTA high contrast Coronagraph Instrument. We present the end to end optical simulator and plans for the data reduction pipeline (DRP). The optical simulator was created with a combination of the IDL-based PROPER library and Zemax, while the data reduction pipeline is a modified version of the Gemini Planet Imager's (GPI) IDL pipeline. The simulations of the propagation of light through the instrument are based on Fourier transform algorithms. The DRP enables transformation of the PISCES IFS data to calibrated spectral data cubes. C1 [Sayson, Jorge Llop] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Memarsadeghi, Nargess; McElwain, Michael W.; Gong, Qian; Greeley, Bradford; Marx, Catherine] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perrin, Marshall] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Brandt, Timothy] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Grammer, Bryan] Design Interface, Finksberg, MD 21048 USA. [Hilton, George] Newton Engn, Hyattsville, MD 20784 USA. RP Sayson, JL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanet Spectroscopy Lab, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jorgedomingo.llopsayson@nasa.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960524 DI 10.1117/12.2188492 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800055 ER PT S AU Seager, S Turnbull, M Sparks, W Thomson, M Shaklan, SB Roberge, A Kuchner, M Kasdin, NJ Domagal-Goldman, S Cash, W Warfield, K Lisman, D Scharf, D Webb, D Trabert, R Martin, S Cady, E Heneghan, C AF Seager, Sara Turnbull, Margaret Sparks, William Thomson, Mark Shaklan, Stuart B. Roberge, Aki Kuchner, Marc Kasdin, N. Jeremy Domagal-Goldman, Shawn Cash, Webster Warfield, Keith Lisman, Doug Scharf, Dan Webb, David Trabert, Rachel Martin, Stefan Cady, Eric Heneghan, Cate BE Shaklan, S TI The Exo-S Probe Class Starshade Mission SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Exo-S; starshade; external occulter; high contrast imaging; exoplanets ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; OCCULTER; SIMULATION; TELESCOPE; SPECTRA; COLORS; EARTH AB Exo-S is a direct imaging space-based mission to discover and characterize exoplanets. With its modest size, Exo-S bridges the gap between census missions like Kepler and a future space-based flagship direct imaging exoplanet mission. With the ability to reach down to Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of nearly two dozen nearby stars, Exo-S is a powerful first step in the search for and identification of Earth-like planets. Compelling science can be returned at the same time as the technological and scientific framework is developed for a larger flagship mission. The Exo-S Science and Technology Definition Team studied two viable starshade-telescope missions for exoplanet direct imaging, targeted to the $1B cost guideline. The first Exo-S mission concept is a starshade and telescope system dedicated to each other for the sole purpose of direct imaging for exoplanets (The "Starshade Dedicated Mission"). The starshade and commercial, 1.1-m diameter telescope co-launch, sharing the same low-cost launch vehicle, conserving cost. The Dedicated mission orbits in a heliocentric, Earth leading, Earth-drift away orbit. The telescope has a conventional instrument package that includes the planet camera, a basic spectrometer, and a guide camera. The second Exo-S mission concept is a starshade that launches separately to rendezvous with an existing on-orbit space telescope (the "Starshade Rendezvous Mission"). The existing telescope adopted for the study is the WFIRST-AFTA (Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope Astrophysics Focused Telescope Asset). The WFIRST-AFTA 2.4-m telescope is assumed to have previously launched to a Halo orbit about the Earth-Sun L2 point, away from the gravity gradient of Earth orbit which is unsuitable for formation flying of the starshade and telescope. The impact on WFIRST-AFTA for starshade readiness is minimized; the existing coronagraph instrument performs as the starshade science instrument, while formation guidance is handled by the existing coronagraph focal planes with minimal modification and an added transceiver. C1 [Seager, Sara] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Turnbull, Margaret] Global Sci Inst, Antigo, WI 54409 USA. [Sparks, William] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Thomson, Mark; Shaklan, Stuart B.; Warfield, Keith; Lisman, Doug; Scharf, Dan; Webb, David; Trabert, Rachel; Martin, Stefan; Cady, Eric; Heneghan, Cate] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Roberge, Aki; Kuchner, Marc; Domagal-Goldman, Shawn] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kasdin, N. Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Cash, Webster] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Seager, S (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM seager@mit.edu RI Roberge, Aki/D-2782-2012 OI Roberge, Aki/0000-0002-2989-3725 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050W DI 10.1117/12.2190378 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800026 ER PT S AU Shaklan, SB Marchen, L Cady, E Ames, W Lisman, PD Martin, SR Thomson, M Regehr, M AF Shaklan, Stuart B. Marchen, Luis Cady, Eric Ames, William Lisman, P. Douglas Martin, Stefan R. Thomson, Mark Regehr, Martin BE Shaklan, S TI Error budgets for the Exoplanet Starshade (Exo-S) Probe-Class Mission study SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Starshade; occulter; external coronagraph; high contrast imaging AB Exo-S is a probe-class mission study that includes the Dedicated mission, a 30 m starshade co-launched with a 1.1 m commercial telescope in an Earth-leading deep-space orbit, and the Rendezvous mission, a 34 m starshade intended to work with a 2.4 m telescope in an Earth-Sun L2 orbit. A third design, referred to as the Rendezvous Earth Finder mission, is based on a 40 m starshade and is currently under study. This paper presents error budgets for the detection of Earth-like planets with each of these missions. The budgets include manufacture and deployment tolerances, the allowed thermal fluctuations and dynamic motions, formation flying alignment requirements, surface and edge reflectivity requirements, and the allowed transmission due to micrometeoroid damage. C1 [Shaklan, Stuart B.; Marchen, Luis; Cady, Eric; Ames, William; Lisman, P. Douglas; Martin, Stefan R.; Thomson, Mark] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Regehr, Martin] Christie Parker & Hale LLP, Glendale, CA 91203 USA. RP Shaklan, SB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Stuart.b.shaklan@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050Z DI 10.1117/12.2190384 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800029 ER PT S AU Shi, F Balasubramanian, K Bartos, R Hein, R Kern, B Krist, J Lam, R Moore, D Moore, J Patterson, K Poberezhskiy, I Shields, J Sidick, E Tang, H Truong, T Wallace, K Wang, X Wilson, D AF Shi, Fang Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham Bartos, Randall Hein, Randall Kern, Brian Krist, John Lam, Raymond Moore, Douglas Moore, James Patterson, Keith Poberezhskiy, Ilya Shields, Joel Sidick, Erkin Tang, Hong Truong, Tuan Wallace, Kent Wang, Xu Wilson, Dan BE Shaklan, S TI Low Order Wavefront Sensing and Control for WFIRST-AFTA Coronagraph SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Exoplanet; wavefront sensing and control; stellar coronagraph; WFIRST AB To maintain the required WFIRST Coronagraph starlight suppression performance in a realistic space environment, a low order wavefront sensing and control (LOWFS/C) subsystem is necessary. The LOWFS/C uses the rejected stellar light from coronagraph to sense and suppress the telescope pointing drift and jitter as well as the low order wavefront errors due to changes in thermal loading on the telescope and the rest of the observatory. In this paper we will present an overview of the low order wavefront sensing and control subsystem for the WFIRST Coronagraph. We will describe LOWFS/C's Zernike wavefront sensor concept and control design, and present an overview of sensing performance analysis and modeling, predicted line-of-sight jitter suppression loop performance, as well as the low order wavefront error correction with the coronagraph's deformable mirror. We will also report the LOWFS/C testbed design and the preliminary in-air test results, which show promising performance of the Zernike wavefront sensor and FSM feedback loop. C1 [Shi, Fang; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Bartos, Randall; Hein, Randall; Kern, Brian; Krist, John; Lam, Raymond; Moore, Douglas; Moore, James; Patterson, Keith; Poberezhskiy, Ilya; Shields, Joel; Sidick, Erkin; Tang, Hong; Truong, Tuan; Wallace, Kent; Wang, Xu; Wilson, Dan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. RP Shi, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960509 DI 10.1117/12.2188775 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800006 ER PT S AU Sidick, E Shaklan, S Cady, E AF Sidick, Erkin Shaklan, Stuart Cady, Eric BE Shaklan, S TI High-Contrast Coronagraph Performance in the Presence of DM Actuator Defects SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Coronagraphy; adaptive optics; high-contrast imaging; space telescopes; exoplanets AB Deformable Mirrors (DMs) are critical elements in high contrast coronagraphs, requiring precision and stability measured in picometers to enable detection of Earth-like exoplanets. Occasionally DM actuators or their associated cables or electronics fail, requiring a wavefront control algorithm to compensate for actuators that may be displaced from their neighbors by hundreds of nanometers. We have carried out experiments on our High-Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT) to study the impact of failed actuators in partial fulfilment of the Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph optical model validation milestone. We show that the wavefront control algorithm adapts to several broken actuators and maintains dark-hole contrast in broadband light. C1 [Sidick, Erkin; Shaklan, Stuart; Cady, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sidick, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96051Y DI 10.1117/12.2188183 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800053 ER PT S AU Sidick, E Shaklan, S Balasubramanian, K Cady, E AF Sidick, Erkin Shaklan, Stuart Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham Cady, Eric BE Shaklan, S TI Studies of the Effects of Control Bandwidth and Dark-Hole Size on the HCIT Contrast Performance SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Coronagraphy; adaptive optics; high-contrast imaging; space telescopes; exoplanets ID CORONAGRAPH AB We have carried out both theoretical and experimental studies of the sensitivity of dark hole contrast to the control bandwidth and dark-hole dimensions in high-contrast broadband stellar coronagraphy. We have evaluated the performance of DM actuator solutions in the presence of occulting mask defects using one to five 2%-wide bands spanning a 10% bandpass. We have also investigated the dependence of the HCIT contrast performance on the size of dark-hole area including large dark holes formed at the Nyquist limit of the DM. C1 [Sidick, Erkin; Shaklan, Stuart; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Cady, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sidick, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Erkin.Sidick@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050H DI 10.1117/12.2188210 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800013 ER PT S AU Sidick, E Shi, F AF Sidick, Erkin Shi, Fang BE Shaklan, S TI Effect of DM Actuator Errors on the WFIRST/AFTA Coronagraph Contrast Performance SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Coronagraphy; adaptive optics; space telescopes; exoplanets AB The WFIRST/AFTA 2.4 m space telescope currently under study includes a stellar coronagraph for the imaging and the spectral characterization of extrasolar planets. The coronagraph employs two sequential deformable mirrors (DMs) to compensate for phase and amplitude errors in creating dark holes. DMs are critical elements in high contrast coronagraphs, requiring precision and stability measured in picometers to enable detection of Earth-like exoplanets. Working with a low-order wavefront-sensor the DM that is conjugate to a pupil can also be used to correct low-order wavefront drift during a scientific observation. However, not all actuators in a DM have the same gain. When using such a DM in low-order wavefront sensing and control subsystem, the actuator gain calibration errors introduce highspatial frequency errors to the DM surface and thus worsen the contrast performance of the coronagraph. We have investigated the effects of actuator gain calibration errors and the actuator command digitization errors on the contrast performance of the coronagraph through modeling and simulations, and will present our results in this paper. C1 [Sidick, Erkin; Shi, Fang] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sidick, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Erkin.Sidick@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960506 DI 10.1117/12.2188240 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800004 ER PT S AU Sirbu, D Shaklan, SB Kasdin, NJ Vanderbei, RJ AF Sirbu, Dan Shaklan, Stuart B. Kasdin, N. Jeremy Vanderbei, Robert J. BE Shaklan, S TI Scaling relation for occulter manufacturing errors SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE External Occulters; Starshades; High Contrast Imaging; Scaling; Scalar Diffraction; Optical Verification AB An external occulter is a spacecraft flown along the line-of-sight of a space telescope to suppress starlight and enable high-contrast direct imaging of exoplanets. The shape of an external occulter must be specially designed to optimally suppress starlight; however, deviations from the ideal shape such as manufacturing errors can result in loss of suppression in the shadow. Due to the long separation distances and large dimensions involved for a space occulter, laboratory testing is conducted with scaled versions of occulters etched on silicon wafers. Using numerical simulations for a flight Fresnel occulter design, we show how the suppression performance of an occulter mask scales with the available propagation distance for expected random manufacturing defects along the edge of the occulter petal. We derive an analytical model for predicting performance due to such manufacturing defects across the petal edges of an occulter mask and compare this with the numerical simulations. We discuss the scaling of an extended occulter testbed. C1 [Sirbu, Dan; Kasdin, N. Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shaklan, Stuart B.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Vanderbei, Robert J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Operat Res & Financial Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sirbu, Dan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Sirbu, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96052E DI 10.1117/12.2188789 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800063 ER PT S AU Sirbu, D Belikov, R AF Sirbu, Dan Belikov, Ruslan BE Shaklan, S TI Estimation of chromatic errors from broadband images for high contrast imaging SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE High Contrast Imaging; Adaptive Optics; Internal Coronagraph; Wavefront Estimation; Spectral Estimation; Chromaticity; Speckles AB Usage of an internal coronagraph with an adaptive optical system for wavefront correction for direct imaging of exoplanets is currently being considered for many mission concepts, including as an instrument addition to the WFIRST-AFTA mission to follow the James Web Space Telescope. The main technical challenge associated with direct imaging of exoplanets with an internal coronagraph is to effectively control both the diffraction and scattered light from the star so that the dim planetary companion can be seen. For the deformable mirror (DM) to recover a dark hole region with sufficiently high contrast in the image plane, wavefront errors are usually estimated using probes on the DM. To date, most broadband lab demonstrations use narrowband filters to estimate the chromaticity of the wavefront error, but this reduces the photon flux per filter and requires a filter system. Here, we propose a method to estimate the chromaticity of wavefront errors using only a broadband image. This is achieved by using special DM probes that have sufficient chromatic diversity. As a case example, we simulate the retrieval of the spectrum of the central wavelength from broadband images for a simple shapedpupil coronagraph with a conjugate DM and compute the resulting estimation error. C1 [Sirbu, Dan; Belikov, Ruslan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Sirbu, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960500 DI 10.1117/12.2188740 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800020 ER PT S AU Sirbu, D Thomas, SJ Belikov, R Lozi, J Bendek, E Pluzhnik, E Lynch, DH Hix, T Zell, P Schneider, G Guyon, O AF Sirbu, Dan Thomas, Sandrine J. Belikov, Ruslan Lozi, Julien Bendek, Eduardo Pluzhnik, Eugene Lynch, Dana H. Hix, Troy Zell, Peter Schneider, Glenn Guyon, Olivier BE Shaklan, S TI EXCEDE Technology Development IV: Demonstration of Polychromatic Contrast in Vacuum at 1.2 lambda/D SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE exoplanets; coronagraph; debris disk; EXCEDE; high contrast; IWA; explorer; direct imaging AB This paper is the fourth in the series on the technology development for the EXCEDE (EXoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer) mission concept, which in 2011 was selected by NASA's Explorer program for technology development (Category III). EXCEDE is a 0.7m space telescope concept operating with a Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) Coronagraph and a Deformable Mirror (DM) to create a "dark-hole" or a region of high-contrast starlight suppression at the focal plane to allow direct imaging of exoplanets. This will allow fundamental science in the form of direct detection and spatial resolution of low surface brightness circumstellar debris disks, and the direct imaging of giant planets with angular separations as close in as the habitable zone of the host star. Thus, EXCEDE can function as both a scientific and technological precursor for any mission capable of imaging exo-Earths. Previously, we have reported experimental results on the first milestone, the demonstration of EXCEDE contrast in monochromatic light in air and more recently in vacuum. In this paper, we report on the procedure and the experimental results obtained for our second milestone demonstration of the EXCEDE starlight suppression system carried in a vacuum chamber at the Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center. This includes high contrast performance demonstrations at 1.2 lambda/D, which includes a lab demonstration of 1x10(-5) median contrast between 1.2 and 2.0 lambda/D simultaneously with 3x10(-7) median contrast between 2 and 11 lambda/D in 10% bandwidth polychromatic light centered at 650 nm for a single-sided dark zone. The results are stable and repeatable as demonstrated by three measurement runs with DM settings set from scratch and maintained on the best 90% out of the 1000 collected frames per run. We compare reduced experimental data with simulation results from modeling experimental limits. C1 [Sirbu, Dan; Thomas, Sandrine J.; Belikov, Ruslan; Bendek, Eduardo; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Lynch, Dana H.; Zell, Peter] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lozi, Julien; Schneider, Glenn; Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hix, Troy] Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Sirbu, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050J DI 10.1117/12.2188752 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800015 ER PT S AU Stahl, MT Shaklan, SB Stahl, HP AF Stahl, Mark T. Shaklan, Stuart B. Stahl, H. Philip BE Shaklan, S TI Preliminary analysis of effect of random segment errors on coronagraph performance SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Space Telescope Mirrors; Segmented Mirrors; Systems Engineering; Conoragraph AB "Are we alone in the Universe?" is probably the most compelling science question of our generation. To answer it requires a large aperture telescope with extreme wavefront stability. To image and characterize Earth-like planets requires the ability to block 10(10) of the host star's light with a 10(-11) stability. For an internal coronagraph, this requires correcting wavefront errors and keeping that correction stable to a few picometers rms for the duration of the science observation. This requirement places severe specifications upon the performance of the observatory, telescope and primary mirror. A key task of the AMTD project (initiated in FY12) is to define telescope level specifications traceable to science requirements and flow those specifications to the primary mirror. From a systems perspective, probably the most important question is: What is the telescope wavefront stability specification? Previously, we suggested this specification should be 10 picometers per 10 minutes; considered issues of how this specification relates to architecture, i.e. monolithic or segmented primary mirror; and asked whether it was better to have few or many segments. This paper reviews the 10 picometers per 10 minutes specification; provides analysis related to the application of this specification to segmented apertures; and suggests that a 3 or 4 ring segmented aperture is more sensitive to segment rigid body motion that an aperture with fewer or more segments. C1 [Stahl, Mark T.; Stahl, H. Philip] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Shaklan, Stuart B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Stahl, MT (reprint author), NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050P DI 10.1117/12.2190160 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800021 ER PT S AU Stapelfeldt, KR Dekens, FG Brenner, MP Warfield, KR Belikov, R Brugarolas, PB Bryden, G Cahoy, KL Chakrabarti, S Dubovitsky, S Effinger, RT Hirsch, B Kissil, A Krist, JE Lang, JJ Marley, MS McElwain, MW Meadows, VS Nissen, J Oseas, JM Pong, C Serabyn, E Sunada, E Trauger, JT Unwin, SC AF Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Dekens, Frank G. Brenner, Michael P. Warfield, Keith R. Belikov, Ruslan Brugarolas, Paul B. Bryden, Geoffrey Cahoy, Kerri L. Chakrabarti, Supriya Dubovitsky, Serge Effinger, Robert T. Hirsch, Brian Kissil, Andrew Krist, John E. Lang, Jared J. Marley, Mark S. McElwain, Michael W. Meadows, Victoria S. Nissen, Joel Oseas, Jeffrey M. Pong, Chris Serabyn, Eugene Sunada, Eric Trauger, John T. Unwin, Stephen C. BE Shaklan, S TI Exo-C: A probe-scale space observatory for direct imaging and spectroscopy of extrasolar planetary systems SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Exoplanets; high contrast imaging; optical astronomy; space mission concepts AB "Exo-C" is NASAs first community study of a modest aperture space telescope mission that is optimized for high contrast observations of exoplanetary systems. The mission will be capable of taking optical spectra of nearby exoplanets in reflected light, discovering previously undetected planets, and imaging structure in a large sample of circumstellar disks. It will obtain unique science results on planets down to super-Earth sizes and serve as a technology pathfinder toward an eventual flagship-class mission to find and characterize habitable Earth-like exoplanets. We present the mission/payload design and highlight steps to reduce mission cost/risk relative to previous mission concepts. Key elements are an unobscured telescope aperture, an internal coronagraph with deformable mirrors for precise wavefront control, and an orbit and observatory design chosen for high thermal stability. Exo-C has a similar telescope aperture, orbit, lifetime, and spacecraft bus requirements to the highly successful Kepler mission (which is our cost reference). Much of the needed technology development is being pursued under the WFIRST coronagraph study and would support a mission start in 2017, should NASA decide to proceed. This paper summarizes the study final report completed in March 2015. C1 [Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; McElwain, Michael W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dekens, Frank G.; Brenner, Michael P.; Warfield, Keith R.; Brugarolas, Paul B.; Bryden, Geoffrey; Dubovitsky, Serge; Effinger, Robert T.; Hirsch, Brian; Kissil, Andrew; Krist, John E.; Lang, Jared J.; Nissen, Joel; Oseas, Jeffrey M.; Pong, Chris; Serabyn, Eugene; Sunada, Eric; Trauger, John T.; Unwin, Stephen C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Belikov, Ruslan; Marley, Mark S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Cahoy, Kerri L.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chakrabarti, Supriya] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Meadows, Victoria S.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Stapelfeldt, KR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM karl.r.stapelfeldt@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050T DI 10.1117/12.2191720 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800024 ER PT S AU Tang, H Rud, M Demers, R Goullioud, R Krist, J Shi, F Zhao, F AF Tang, Hong Rud, Mayer Demers, Richard Goullioud, Renaud Krist, John Shi, Fang Zhao, Feng BE Shaklan, S TI The WFIRST/AFTA Coronagraph Instrument Optical Design SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE WFIRST; AFTA; coronagraph AB The most recent concept for the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) Design Reference Mission (DRM) features an instrument that will perform exoplanet detection via coronagraphy of the host star. This observatory is based on the existing Astrophysics Focused Telescope Asset's (AFTA) 2.4-meter telescope. The WFIRST/AFTA Coronagraph Instrument combines the Hybrid Lyot and Shaped Pupil Coronagraphs to meet the science requirements. The cycle 5 optical design fits the required enclosure and accommodates both coronagraphic architectures. We present the optical performance including throughput of both the imaging and the IFS channels, the wavefront error at the first pupil, and polarization effects from optical coatings. C1 [Tang, Hong; Rud, Mayer; Demers, Richard; Goullioud, Renaud; Krist, John; Shi, Fang; Zhao, Feng] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tang, H (reprint author), 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM hong.tang@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960504 DI 10.1117/12.2188446 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800002 ER PT S AU Thomas, SJ Belikov, R Bendek, E AF Thomas, Sandrine J. Belikov, Ruslan Bendek, Eduardo BE Shaklan, S TI A method to directly image exoplanets in multi-star systems such as Alpha-Centauri SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Wavefront Control; Binary Systems; Exoplanets; MEMS deformable mirror; space-based instrumentation; Alpha Centauri ID DIFFRACTIVE PUPIL AB Direct imaging of extra-solar planets is now a reality, especially with the deployment and commissioning of the first generation of specialized ground-based instruments such as the Gemini Planet Imager and SPHERE. These systems will allow detection of Jupiter-like planets 10(7) times fainter than their host star. Obtaining this contrast level and beyond requires the combination of a coronagraph to suppress light coming from the host star and a wavefront control system including a deformable mirror (DM) to remove residual starlight (speckles) created by the imperfections of telescope. However, all these current and future systems focus on detecting faint planets around single host stars, while several targets or planet candidates are located around nearby binary stars such as our neighboring star Alpha Centauri. Here, we present a method to simultaneously correct aberrations and diffraction of light coming from the target star as well as its companion star in order to reveal planets orbiting the target star. This method works even if the companion star is outside the control region of the DM (beyond its half-Nyquist frequency), by taking advantage of aliasing effects. C1 [Thomas, Sandrine J.] Large Synopt Survey Telescope, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Belikov, Ruslan; Bendek, Eduardo] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Thomas, SJ (reprint author), Large Synopt Survey Telescope, 950N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM sthomas@lsst.org; ruslan.belikov-1@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96052G DI 10.1117/12.2188637 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800065 ER PT S AU Trabert, R Shaklan, S Lisman, PD Roberge, A Turnbull, M Domagal-Goldman, S Stark, C AF Trabert, Rachel Shaklan, Stuart Lisman, P. Douglas Roberge, Aki Turnbull, Margaret Domagal-Goldman, Shawn Stark, Christopher BE Shaklan, S TI Design Reference Missions for the Exoplanet Starshade (Exo-S) Probe-Class Study SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE High-contrast imaging; starshades; external occulters; design reference mission AB Exo-S is a direct imaging space-based mission to discover and characterize exoplanets. The mission is comprised of two formation-flying spacecraft - a starlight suppressing starshade and a telescope separated by similar to 30,000 km. To align the starshade between the target star and telescope, one of the two spacecraft must perform a retargeting slew. This drives the need for a sophisticated program to help optimize this path to maximize target yield within mission constraints such as solar and earth avoidance angles, thrust and fuel limitations, and target scheduling for previously-discovered known giant planets. The Design Reference Mission (DRM) describes the sequence of observations to be performed and estimates the number of planets that will be detected and characterized. It is executed with a Matlab-based tool developed for the Exo-S Study. Here we analyze four case studies: Case 1: Starshade with a 1.1m dedicated telescope prioritizing the search for earths in the Habitable Zone (HZ). Case 2: Starshade with a 1.1m dedicated telescope focused on maximizing planet harvest return and characterization. Case 3: Starshade that rendezvous with a 2.4 m shared telescope prioritizing the search for earths in the HZ. Case 4: A Rendezvous Earth Finder mission based on a 40-m diameter starshade with a 2.4 m telescope, operating for 4 years, and focused exclusively on detecting Earths in the HZ Previous starshade DRM tools have been reported in the literature, all of them focused on detection and/or characterization of Earth-twins in the habitable zone. This study has taken then next step and focused on total planet harvest including known Gas Giants, Earths in the Habitable Zone and elsewhere, super-earths, sub-Neptunes, and Jupiters. The DRM employs a hierarchical approach: an observation schedule of known radial velocity gas giants, whose availabilities for observation are known form their orbital parameters, forms a "framework" of observation that have a high probability of success. Between these observations, the next highest priority stars are scheduled and these in turn form the framework for the next observational tier. We report the expected observational completeness, planet yields, and planet characterizations for the three case studies. C1 [Trabert, Rachel; Shaklan, Stuart; Lisman, P. Douglas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Roberge, Aki; Domagal-Goldman, Shawn; Stark, Christopher] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Turnbull, Margaret] Carl Sagan Ctr Study Life Universe, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Trabert, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rachel.E.Trabert@jpl.nasa.gov RI Roberge, Aki/D-2782-2012 OI Roberge, Aki/0000-0002-2989-3725 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050Y DI 10.1117/12.2190383 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800028 ER PT S AU Trauger, J Gordon, B Krist, J Moody, D AF Trauger, John Gordon, Brian Krist, John Moody, Dwight BE Shaklan, S TI Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph for WFIRST-AFTA: coronagraph design and performance metrics SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE exoplanet; coronagraph; active optics AB We review the design, performance, and future prospects for the Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC) on the WFIRST-AFTA telescope. Together with a pair of deformable mirrors for active wavefront control, the HLC creates high contrast dark fields of view at 10(-9) contrast levels, extending to within angular separations of 3 lambda(0)/D from the central star, over spectral bandwidths of 10% or more. C1 [Trauger, John; Gordon, Brian; Krist, John; Moody, Dwight] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Trauger, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM john.trauger@jpl.nasa.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 96050N DI 10.1117/12.2190625 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800019 ER PT S AU Wang, X Wallace, JK Shi, F AF Wang, Xu Wallace, J. Kent Shi, Fang BE Shaklan, S TI Zernike wavefront sensor modeling development for LOWFS on WFIRST-AFTA SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Wavefront sensing; Zernike phase contrast; WFIRST-AFTA; LOWFS AB WFIRST-AFTA design makes use of an existing 2.4m telescope for direct imaging of exoplanets. To maintain the high contrast needed for the coronagraph, wavefront error (WFE) of the optical system needs to be continuously sensed and controlled. Low Order Wavefront Sensing (LOWFS) uses the rejected starlight from an immediate focal plane to sense wavefront changes (mostly thermally induced low order WFE) by combining the LOWFS mask (a phase plate located at the small center region with reflective layer) with the starlight rejection masks, i.e. Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC)'s occulter or Shaped Pupil Coronagraph (SPC)'s field stop. Zernike wavefront sensor (ZWFS) measures phase via the phase-contrast method and is known to be photon noise optimal for measuring low order aberrations. Recently, ZWFS was selected as the baseline LOWFS technology on WFIST/AFTA for its good sensitivity, accuracy, and its easy integration with the starlight rejection mask. In this paper, we review the theory of ZWFS operation, describe the ZWFS algorithm development, and summarize various numerical sensitivity studies on the sensor performance. In the end, the predicted sensor performance on SPC and HLC configurations are presented. C1 [Wang, Xu; Wallace, J. Kent; Shi, Fang] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xu.wang@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-771-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9605 AR 960528 DI 10.1117/12.2186191 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0GA UT WOS:000365982800057 ER PT S AU Munoz, CA AF Munoz, Cesar A. BE Leucker, M Rueda, C Valencia, FD TI Formal Methods in Air Traffic Management: The Case of Unmanned Aircraft Systems SO THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING - ICTAC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing (ICTAC) CY OCT 29-31, 2015 CL Univ Javeriana Cali, Cali, COLOMBIA SP Microsoft Res Ctr, Inria, CNRS, CLEI, Colombian Computat Soc HO Univ Javeriana Cali AB As the technological and operational capabilities of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) continue to grow, so too does the need to introduce these systems into civil airspace. Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration in the National Airspace System is a NASA research project that addresses the integration of civil UAS into non-segregated airspace operations. One of the major challenges of this integration is the lack of an on-board pilot to comply with the legal requirement that pilots see and avoid other aircraft. The need to provide an equivalent to this requirement for UAS has motivated the development of a detect and avoid (DAA) capability to provide the appropriate situational awareness and maneuver guidance in avoiding and remaining well clear of traffic aircraft. Formal methods has played a fundamental role in the development of this capability. This talk reports on the formal methods work conducted under NASA's Safe Autonomous System Operations project in support of the development of DAA for UAS. This work includes specification of low-level and high-level functional requirements, formal verification of algorithms, and rigorous validation of software implementations. The talk also discusses technical challenges in formal methods research in the context of the development and safety analysis of advanced air traffic management concepts. C1 [Munoz, Cesar A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Munoz, CA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM cesar.a.munoz@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-25150-9; 978-3-319-25149-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9399 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-25150-9_4 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE0LF UT WOS:000366212700004 ER PT S AU Balasubramanian, K Hennessy, J Raouf, N Nikzad, S Ayala, M Shaklan, S Scowen, P Del Hoyo, J Quijada, M AF Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham Hennessy, John Raouf, Nasrat Nikzad, Shouleh Ayala, Michael Shaklan, Stuart Scowen, Paul Del Hoyo, Javier Quijada, Manuel BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI Aluminum Mirror Coatings for UVOIR Telescope Optics including the Far UV SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Large telescope optics; Aluminum mirror; far UV astrophysics; ALD; coating technology development ID THIN-FILMS; MGF2 AB NASA Cosmic Origins (COR) Program identified the development of high reflectivity mirror coatings for large astronomical telescopes particularly for the far ultra violet (FUV) part of the spectrum as a key technology requiring significant materials research and process development. In this paper we describe the challenges and accomplishments in producing stable high reflectance aluminum mirror coatings with conventional evaporation and advanced Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) techniques. We present the current status of process development with reflectance of similar to 55 to 80% in the FUV achieved with little or no degradation over a year. C1 [Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Hennessy, John; Raouf, Nasrat; Nikzad, Shouleh; Ayala, Michael; Shaklan, Stuart] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Scowen, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Del Hoyo, Javier; Quijada, Manuel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kbala@jpl.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-768-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9602 AR 96020I DI 10.1117/12.2188981 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HC UT WOS:000366018200016 ER PT S AU Basinger, SA Palacios, D Quadrelli, MB Swartzlander, GA AF Basinger, Scott A. Palacios, David Quadrelli, Marco B. Swartzlander, Grover A., Jr. BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI Optics of a Granular Imaging System (i.e. "Orbiting Rainbows") SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE imaging system; dynamics; control; integrated modeling; granular media ID HIGH-DIFFRACTION-ORDER; BLIND DECONVOLUTION; SPACE OPTICS; ELEMENTS; IMAGES AB In this paper, we present some ideas regarding the optics and imaging aspects of granular spacecraft. Granular spacecraft are complex systems composed of a spatially disordered distribution of a large number of elements, for instance a cloud of grains in orbit. An example of this application is a spaceborne observatory for exoplanet imaging, where the primary collecting aperture is a cloud of small particles instead of a monolithic aperture. C1 [Basinger, Scott A.; Palacios, David; Quadrelli, Marco B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Swartzlander, Grover A., Jr.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Basinger, SA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. OI Swartzlander, Grover/0000-0003-3513-2225 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-768-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9602 AR 96020E DI 10.1117/12.2185699 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HC UT WOS:000366018200012 ER PT S AU Bolcar, MR Balasubramanian, K Clampin, M Crooke, J Feinberg, L Postman, M Quijada, M Rauscher, BJ Redding, D Rioux, N Shaklan, S Stahl, HP Stahle, C Thronson, H AF Bolcar, Matthew R. Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham Clampin, Mark Crooke, Julie Feinberg, Lee Postman, Marc Quijada, Manuel Rauscher, Bernard J. Redding, David Rioux, Norman Shaklan, Stuart Stahl, H. Philip Stahle, Carl Thronson, Harley BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI Technology Development for the Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) as a Candidate Large UV-Optical-Infrared (LUVOIR) Surveyor SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Space telescope; technology development; starlight suppression; lightweight mirrors; sensing and control systems; ultra-stable structures; detectors; mirror coatings AB The Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) team has identified five key technologies to enable candidate architectures for the future large-aperture ultraviolet/optical/infrared (LUVOIR) space observatory envisioned by the NASA Astrophysics 30-year roadmap, Enduring Quests, Daring Visions. The science goals of ATLAST address a broad range of astrophysical questions from early galaxy and star formation to the processes that contributed to the formation of life on Earth, combining general astrophysics with direct-imaging and spectroscopy of habitable exoplanets. The key technologies are: internal coronagraphs, starshades (or external occulters), ultra-stable large-aperture telescopes, detectors, and mirror coatings. Selected technology performance goals include: 1x10(-10) raw contrast at an inner working angle of 35 milli-arcseconds, wavefront error stability on the order of 10 pm RMS per wavefront control step, autonomous on-board sensing & control, and zero-read-noise single-photon detectors spanning the exoplanet science bandpass between 400 nm and 1.8 mu m. Development of these technologies will provide significant advances over current and planned observatories in terms of sensitivity, angular resolution, stability, and high-contrast imaging. The science goals of ATLAST are presented and flowed down to top-level telescope and instrument performance requirements in the context of a reference architecture: a 10-meter-class, segmented aperture telescope operating at room temperature (similar to 290 K) at the sun-Earth Lagrange-2 point. For each technology area, we define best estimates of required capabilities, current state-of-the-art performance, and current Technology Readiness Level (TRL) -thus identifying the current technology gap. We report on current, planned, or recommended efforts to develop each technology to TRL 5. C1 [Bolcar, Matthew R.; Clampin, Mark; Crooke, Julie; Feinberg, Lee; Quijada, Manuel; Rauscher, Bernard J.; Rioux, Norman; Stahle, Carl; Thronson, Harley] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Redding, David; Shaklan, Stuart] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Postman, Marc] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stahl, H. Philip] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Bolcar, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM matthew.bolcar@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-768-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9602 AR 960209 DI 10.1117/12.2188559 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HC UT WOS:000366018200007 ER PT S AU Eisenhower, MJ Cohen, LM Feinberg, LD Matthews, GW Nissen, JA Park, SC Peabody, HL AF Eisenhower, Michael J. Cohen, Lester M. Feinberg, Lee D. Matthews, Gary W. Nissen, Joel A. Park, Sang C. Peabody, Hume L. BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI ATLAST ULE Mirror Segment Performance Analytical Predictions Based on Thermally Induced Distortions SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ATLAST; thermal distortion; ULE; UV; HST; JWST AB The Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) is a concept for a 9.2 m aperture space-borne observatory operating across the UV/Optical/NIR spectra. The primary mirror for ATLAST is a segmented architecture with pico-meter class wavefront stability. Due to its extraordinarily low coefficient of thermal expansion, a leading candidate for the primary mirror substrate is Corning's ULE (R) titania-silicate glass. The ATLAST ULE (R) mirror substrates will be maintained at 'room temperature' during on orbit flight operations minimizing the need for compensation of mirror deformation between the manufacturing temperature and the operational temperatures. This approach requires active thermal management to maintain operational temperature while on orbit. Furthermore, the active thermal control must be sufficiently stable to prevent time-varying thermally induced distortions in the mirror substrates. This paper describes a conceptual thermal management system for the ATLAST 9.2 m segmented mirror architecture that maintains the wavefront stability to less than 10 pico-meters/10 minutes RMS. Thermal and finite-element models, analytical techniques, accuracies involved in solving the mirror figure errors, and early findings from the thermal and thermal-distortion analyses are presented. C1 [Eisenhower, Michael J.; Cohen, Lester M.; Park, Sang C.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Feinberg, Lee D.; Peabody, Hume L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 02771 USA. [Matthews, Gary W.] Harris Corp, Rochester, NY 14606 USA. [Nissen, Joel A.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. RP Eisenhower, MJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-768-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9602 AR 96020A DI 10.1117/12.2188008 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HC UT WOS:000366018200008 ER PT S AU Greenhouse, MA AF Greenhouse, Matthew A. BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI The JWST Science Instrument Payload: Mission Context and Status SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE JWST AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the scientific successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. It is a cryogenic infrared space observatory with a 25 m(2) aperture (6 m class) telescope that will achieve diffraction limited angular resolution at a wavelength of 2 um. The science instrument payload includes four passively cooled near-infrared instruments providing broad-and narrow-band imagery, coronography, as well as multi-object and integral-field spectroscopy over the 0.6 < lambda < 5.0 um spectrum. An actively cooled mid-infrared instrument provides broad-band imagery, coronography, and integral-field spectroscopy over the 5.0 < lambda < 29 um spectrum. The JWST is being developed by NASA, in partnership with the European and Canadian Space Agencies, as a general user facility with science observations proposed by the international astronomical community in a manner similar to the Hubble Space Telescope. Technology development and mission design are complete. The science instrument payload is in the final stage of testing ahead of delivery for integration with the telescope during eairly 2016. The JWST is on schedule for launch during 2018. C1 [Greenhouse, Matthew A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Greenhouse, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM matt.greenhouse@nasa.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-768-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9602 AR 960202 DI 10.1117/12.2186352 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HC UT WOS:000366018200001 ER PT S AU Quijada, MA Huang, W Miller, KH Seide, L Content, D Kruk, J AF Quijada, Manuel A. Huang, Winson Miller, Kevin H. Seide, Laurie Content, David Kruk, Jeffrey BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI Spectral Performance of WFIRST/AFTA Bandpass Filter Prototypes SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE WFIRST/AFTA; Bandpass filters; Cryogenic spectral transmission; Wavefront error AB The current baseline for the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets (WFIRST/AFTA) instrument includes a single wide-field channel instrument for both imaging and spectroscopy. The only routinely moving part during scientific observations for this wide-field channel is the element wheel (EW) assembly. This filter-wheel assembly will have 8 positions that will be populated with 6 bandpass filters, a blank position, and a grism assembly that will consist of a three-element assembly to disperse the central wavelength undeviated for galaxy redshift surveys. All elements in the EW assembly will be made out of fused silica substrates (110 mm diameter) that will have the appropriate bandpass coatings according to the filter designations (Z087, Y106, J129, H158, F184, W149 and Grism). This paper will present and discuss spectral performance (including spectral transmission and surface-figure wavefront errors) for a subset of the bandpass filter complement that include filters such as Z087, W149, and Grism. These filter coatings have been procured from three different vendors to assess the most challenging aspects in terms of the in-band throughput (> 95 %), out of band rejection (< 10(-4)), spatial uniformity (< 1% transmission level) and the cut-on and cut-off slopes (approximate to 3% for the filters and 0.3% for the grism coatings). C1 [Quijada, Manuel A.; Miller, Kevin H.; Content, David; Kruk, Jeffrey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Huang, Winson] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Seide, Laurie] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. RP Quijada, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM manuel.a.quijada@nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-768-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9602 AR 96020X DI 10.1117/12.2188496 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HC UT WOS:000366018200024 ER PT S AU Rauscher, BJ Bolcar, MR Clampin, M Domagal-Goldman, SD McElwain, MW Moseley, SH Stahle, C Stark, CC Thronson, HA AF Rauscher, Bernard J. Bolcar, Matthew R. Clampin, Mark Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D. McElwain, Michael W. Moseley, S. H. Stahle, Carl Stark, Christopher C. Thronson, Harley A. BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI ATLAST detector needs for direct spectroscopic biosignature characterization in the visible and near-IR SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE LUVOIR; ATLAST; Life; Detector ID EDGE SENSOR SPECTROPHOTOMETER AB Are we alone? Answering this ageless question will be a major focus for astrophysics in coming decades. Our tools will include unprecedentedly large UV-Optical-IR space telescopes working with advanced coronagraphs and starshades. Yet, these facilities will not live up to their full potential without better detectors than we have today. To inform detector development, this paper provides an overview of visible and near-IR (VISIR; lambda = 0.4 - 1.8 mu m) detector needs for the Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST), specifically for spectroscopic characterization of atmospheric biosignature gasses. We also provide a brief status update on some promising detector technologies for meeting these needs in the context of a passively cooled ATLAST. C1 [Rauscher, Bernard J.; Bolcar, Matthew R.; Clampin, Mark; Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D.; McElwain, Michael W.; Moseley, S. H.; Stahle, Carl; Thronson, Harley A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stark, Christopher C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Rauscher, BJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Bernard.J.Rauscher@nasa.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-768-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9602 AR 96020D DI 10.1117/12.2186554 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HC UT WOS:000366018200011 ER PT S AU Rioux, N Thronson, H Feinberg, L Stahl, HP Redding, D Jones, A Sturm, J Collins, C Liu, A AF Rioux, Norman Thronson, Harley Feinberg, Lee Stahl, H. Phillip Redding, Dave Jones, Andrew Sturm, James Collins, Christine Liu, Alice BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI A future large-aperture UVOIR space observatory: reference designs SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ATLAST; LUVOIR; HDST; design concept; exo-planets; space telescope AB Our joint NASA GSFC/JPL/MSFC/STScI study team has used community-provided science goals to derive mission needs, requirements, and candidate mission architectures for a future large-aperture, non-cryogenic UVOIR space observatory. We describe the feasibility assessment of system thermal and dynamic stability for supporting coronagraphy. The observatory is in a Sun-Earth L2 orbit providing a stable thermal environment and excellent field of regard. Reference designs include a 36-segment 9.2 m aperture telescope that stows within a five meter diameter launch vehicle fairing. Performance needs developed under the study are traceable to a variety of reference designs including options for a monolithic primary mirror. C1 [Rioux, Norman; Thronson, Harley; Feinberg, Lee; Jones, Andrew; Sturm, James; Collins, Christine; Liu, Alice] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stahl, H. Phillip] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Redding, Dave] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Rioux, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-768-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9602 AR 960205 DI 10.1117/12.2187758 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HC UT WOS:000366018200003 ER PT S AU Stahl, HP AF Stahl, H. Philip BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI Overview and Accomplishments of Advanced Mirror Technology Development Phase 2 (AMTD-2) project SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Space Telescope Mirrors; Mirror Technology Development AB The Advance Mirror Technology Development (AMTD) project is in Phase 2 of a multiyear effort, initiated in FY12, to mature by at least a half TRL step critical technologies required to enable 4 meter or larger UVOIR space telescope primary mirror assemblies for both general astrophysics and ultra-high contrast observations of exoplanets. AMTD Phase 1 completed all of its goals and accomplished all of its milestones. AMTD Phase 2 started in 2014. Key accomplishments include deriving primary mirror engineering specifications from science requirements; developing integrated modeling tools and using those tools to perform parametric design trades; and demonstrating new mirror technologies via sub-scale fabrication and test. AMTD-1 demonstrated the stacked core technique by making a 43-cm diameter 400 mm thick 'biscuit-cut' of a 4-m class mirror. AMTD-2 is demonstrating lateral scalability of the stacked core method by making a 1.5 meter 1/3rd scale model of a 4-m class mirror C1 [Stahl, H. Philip] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-768-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9602 AR 960208 DI 10.1117/12.2186195 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HC UT WOS:000366018200006 ER PT S AU Stahl, HP Hopkins, RC AF Stahl, H. Philip Hopkins, Randall C. BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI SLS Launched Missions Concept Studies for LUVOIR Mission SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Large Space Telescopes; UV/Optical Space Telescopes; ATLAST; LUVOIR; Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle AB NASA's "Enduring Quests Daring Visions" report calls for an 8- to 16-m Large UV-Optical-IR ( LUVOIR) Surveyor mission to enable ultra-high-contrast spectroscopy and coronagraphy. AURA's "From Cosmic Birth to Living Earth" report calls for a 12-m class High-Definition Space Telescope to pursue transformational scientific discoveries. The multi-center ATLAST Team is working to meet these needs. The MSFC Team is examining potential concepts that leverage the advantages of the SLS ( Space Launch System). A key challenge is how to affordably get a large telescope into space. The JWST design was severely constrained by the mass and volume capacities of its launch vehicle. This problem is solved by using an SLS Block II-B rocket with its 10-m diameter x 30-m tall fairing and estimated 45 mt payload to SE-L2. Previously, two development study cycles produced a detailed concept called ATLAST-8. Using ATLAST-8 as a point of departure, this paper reports on a new ATLAST-12 concept. ATLAST-12 is a 12-m class segmented aperture LUVOIR with an 8-m class center segment. Thus, ATLAST-8 is now a de-scope option. C1 [Stahl, H. Philip; Hopkins, Randall C.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-768-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9602 AR 960206 DI 10.1117/12.2189852 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HC UT WOS:000366018200004 ER PT S AU Champey, P Kobayashi, K Winebarger, A Cirtain, J Hyde, D Robertson, B Beabout, B Beabout, D Stewart, M AF Champey, P. Kobayashi, K. Winebarger, A. Cirtain, J. Hyde, D. Robertson, B. Beabout, B. Beabout, D. Stewart, M. BE Siegmund, OHW TI VUV Testing of Science Cameras at MSFC: QE measurement of the CLASP Flight Cameras SO UV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY SPACE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XIX CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Characterization; Camera; CCD; VUV; Sounding Rocket AB The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has developed a science camera suitable for sub-orbital missions for observations in the UV, EUV and soft X-ray. Six cameras were built and tested for the Chromospheric LymanAlpha Spectro-Polarimeter (CLASP), a joint MSFC, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC) and Institut D'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS) sounding rocket mission. The CLASP camera design includes a frame-transfer e2v CCD57-10 512x 512 detector, dual channel analog readout and an internally mounted cold block. At the flight CCD temperature of -20C, the CLASP cameras exceeded the low-noise performance requirements (<= 25 e read noise and < 10 e/sec/pixel dark current), in addition to maintaining a stable gain of R approximate to 2.0 e(-)/DN. The e(-)v CCD57-10 detectors were coated with Lumogen-E to improve quantum efficiency (QE) at the Lyman-a wavelength. A vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) monochromator and a NIST calibrated photodiode were employed to measure the QE of each camera. Three flight cameras and one engineering camera were tested in a high-vacuum chamber, which was configured to operate several tests intended to verify the QE, gain, read noise and dark current of the CCD. We present and discuss the QE measurements performed on the CLASP cameras. We also discuss the high-vacuum system outfitted for testing of UV, EUV and X-ray science cameras at MSFC. C1 [Champey, P.; Stewart, M.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Champey, P.; Kobayashi, K.; Winebarger, A.; Cirtain, J.; Hyde, D.; Robertson, B.; Beabout, B.; Beabout, D.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Champey, P (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM patrick.r.champey@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-767-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9601 AR 96010Z DI 10.1117/12.2188754 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HA UT WOS:000366016700026 ER PT S AU Fleming, BT Quijada, MA France, K Hoadley, K Del Hoyo, J Kruczek, N AF Fleming, Brian T. Quijada, Manuel A. France, Kevin Hoadley, Keri Del Hoyo, Javier Kruczek, Nickolas BE Siegmund, OHW TI New UV Instrumentation Enabled by Enhanced Broadband Reflectivity Lithium Fluoride Coatings SO UV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY SPACE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XIX CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID ULTRAVIOLET ASTRONOMY AB We present the results of a preliminary aging study of new enhanced broadband reflectivity lithium fluoride mirror coatings under development at the thin films laboratory at GSFC. These coatings have demonstrated greater than 80% reflectivity from the Lyman ultraviolet (similar to 1020 angstrom) to the optical, and have the potential to revolutionize far-ultraviolet instrument design and capabilities. This work is part of a concept study in preparation for the flight qualification of these new coatings in a working astronomical environment. We outline the goals for TRL advancement, and discuss the instrument capabilities enabled by these high reflectivity broadband coatings on potential future space missions. We also present the early design of the first space experiment to utilize these coatings, the proposed University of Colorado sounding rocket payload SISTINE, and show how these new coatings make the science goals of SISTINE attainable on a suborbital platform. C1 [Fleming, Brian T.; France, Kevin; Hoadley, Keri; Kruczek, Nickolas] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quijada, Manuel A.; Del Hoyo, Javier] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Fleming, BT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-767-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9601 AR 96010R DI 10.1117/12.2190556 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HA UT WOS:000366016700019 ER PT S AU Gaskin, JA Weisskopf, MC Vikhlinin, A Tananbaum, HD Bandler, SR Bautz, MW Burrows, DN Falcone, AD Harrison, FA Heilmann, RK Heinz, S Hopkins, RC Kilbourne, CA Kouveliotou, C Kraft, RP Kravtsov, AV McEntaffer, RL Natarajan, P O'Dell, SL Petre, R Prieskorn, ZR Ptak, AF Ramsey, BD Reid, PB Schnell, AR Schwartz, DA Townsley, LK AF Gaskin, Jessica A. Weisskopf, Martin C. Vikhlinin, Alexey Tananbaum, Harvey D. Bandler, Simon R. Bautz, Marshall W. Burrows, David N. Falcone, Abraham D. Harrison, Fiona A. Heilmann, Ralf K. Heinz, Sebastian Hopkins, Randall C. Kilbourne, Caroline A. Kouveliotou, Chryssa Kraft, Ralph P. Kravtsov, Andrey V. McEntaffer, Randall L. Natarajan, Priyamvada O'Dell, Stephen L. Petre, Robert Prieskorn, Zachary R. Ptak, Andrew F. Ramsey, Brian D. Reid, Paul B. Schnell, Andrew R. Schwartz, Daniel A. Townsley, Leisa K. BE Siegmund, OHW TI The X-ray Surveyor Mission: A Concept Study SO UV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY SPACE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XIX CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray Astronomy; X-ray optics; X-ray gratings; X-ray detectors ID SPECTROSCOPY AB NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory continues to provide an unparalleled means for exploring the high-energy universe. With its half-arcsecond angular resolution, Chandra studies have deepened our understanding of galaxy clusters, active galactic nuclei, galaxies, supernova remnants, neutron stars, black holes, and solar system objects. As we look beyond Chandra, it is clear that comparable or even better angular resolution with greatly increased photon throughput is essential to address ever more demanding science questions-such as the formation and growth of black hole seeds at very high redshifts; the emergence of the first galaxy groups; and details of feedback over a large range of scales from galaxies to galaxy clusters. Recently, we initiated a concept study for such a mission, dubbed X-ray Surveyor. The X-ray Surveyor strawman payload is comprised of a high-resolution mirror assembly and an instrument set, which may include an X-ray microcalorimeter, a high-definition imager, and a dispersive grating spectrometer and its readout. The mirror assembly will consist of highly nested, thin, grazing-incidence mirrors, for which a number of technical approaches are currently under development-including adjustable X-ray optics, differential deposition, and new polishing techniques applied to a variety of substrates. This study benefits from previous studies of large missions carried out over the past two decades and, in most areas, points to mission requirements no more stringent than those of Chandra. C1 [Gaskin, Jessica A.; Weisskopf, Martin C.; Hopkins, Randall C.; O'Dell, Stephen L.; Schnell, Andrew R.] NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Vikhlinin, Alexey; Tananbaum, Harvey D.; Kraft, Ralph P.; Reid, Paul B.; Schwartz, Daniel A.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bandler, Simon R.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Petre, Robert; Ptak, Andrew F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bautz, Marshall W.; Heilmann, Ralf K.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Burrows, David N.; Falcone, Abraham D.; Prieskorn, Zachary R.; Townsley, Leisa K.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Harrison, Fiona A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Heinz, Sebastian] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kouveliotou, Chryssa] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Kravtsov, Andrey V.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [McEntaffer, Randall L.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Natarajan, Priyamvada] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Gaskin, JA (reprint author), NASA, MSFC, ZP12,320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM jessica.gaskin@nasa.gov RI Heilmann, Ralf/D-4680-2009 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-767-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9601 AR 96010J DI 10.1117/12.2190837 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HA UT WOS:000366016700013 ER PT S AU Jewell, AD Hamden, ET Ong, HR Hennessy, J Goodsall, T Shapiro, C Cheng, S Jones, T Carver, A Hoenk, M Schiminovich, D Martin, C Nikzad, S AF Jewell, April D. Hamden, Erika T. Ong, Hwei Ru Hennessy, John Goodsall, Timothy Shapiro, Charles Cheng, Samuel Jones, Todd Carver, Alexander Hoenk, Michael Schiminovich, David Martin, Christopher Nikzad, Shouleh BE Siegmund, OHW TI Detector Performance for the FIREBall-2 UV Experiment SO UV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY SPACE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XIX CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Ultraviolet; EMCCD; AR coating; delta doping; FIREBall; atomic layer deposition ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION AB We present an overview of the detector for the upcoming Faint Intergalactic Red-shifted Emission Balloon (FIREBall-2) experiment, with a particular focus on the development of device-integrated optical coatings and detector quantum efficiency (QE). FIREBall-2 is designed to measure emission from the strong resonance lines of HI, OVI, and CIV, all red-shifted to 195-225 nm window; its detector is a delta-doped electron multiplying charge-coupled device (EM-CCD). Delta-doped arrays, invented at JPL, achieve 100% internal QE from the UV through the visible. External losses due to reflection (similar to 70% in some UV regions) can be mitigated with antireflection coatings (ARCs). Using atomic layer deposition (ALD), thin-film optical filters are incorporated with existing detector technologies. ALD offers nanometer-scale control over film thickness and interface quality, allowing for precision growth of multilayer films. Several AR coatings, including single and multi-layer designs, were tested for FIREBall-2. QE measurements match modeled transmittance behavior remarkably well, showing improved performance in the target wavelength range. Also under development are ALD coatings to enhance QE for a variety of spectral regions throughout the UV (90-320 nm) and visible (320-1000 nm) range both for space-based imaging and spectroscopy as well as for ground-based telescopes. C1 [Jewell, April D.; Hennessy, John; Goodsall, Timothy; Shapiro, Charles; Cheng, Samuel; Jones, Todd; Carver, Alexander; Hoenk, Michael; Nikzad, Shouleh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hamden, Erika T.; Martin, Christopher] CALTECH, Dept Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ong, Hwei Ru; Schiminovich, David] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Jewell, AD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM april.d.jewell@jpl.nasa.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-767-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9601 AR 96010N DI 10.1117/12.2190167 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HA UT WOS:000366016700015 ER PT S AU Moore, CS Hennessy, J Kersgaard, E Jewell, AD Nikzad, S France, K AF Moore, Christopher Samuel Hennessy, John Kersgaard, Eliot Jewell, April D. Nikzad, Shouleh France, Kevin BE Siegmund, OHW TI Current progress in the characterization of atomic layer deposited AlF3 for future astronomical ultraviolet mirror coatings. SO UV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY SPACE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XIX CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Ultraviolet; Visible; Infrared; mirror coatings; atomic layer deposition; thin films; aluminum fluoride; spectroscopic ellipsometry; Lyman Ultraviolet; Far Ultraviolet; high-reflectivity; astronomy ID SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; EVAPORATED ALUMINUM; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CYGNUS LOOP; THIN-FILMS; MGF2; ABSORPTION; TELESCOPE; CONSTANTS AB Reflective aluminum (Al) mirrors for astronomical telescopes are traditionally protected by a transmissive overcoat. The optical, mechanical and chemical properties of this overcoat material strongly affect the spectral reflective properties and durability of the mirror system. We are developing atomic layer deposited metal fluorides and assessing their applicability for future astronomical space missions in the ultraviolet and visible wavelengths. We are currently performing depositions on silicon wafers to serve as a basis for the metal-fluoride on Al depositions. In this paper we present reflectance, surface roughness, environmental storage and polarization sensitivity results of thin layers of AlF3 on silicon. Atomic layer deposited coatings of AlF3 grown at 100 and 200 degrees C yield good optical characteristics deduced from reflectance measurements from 90 - 800 nm and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements from 200 - 800 nm, which are consistent with calculations from optical constants derived by our group and from the literature. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements demonstrate a 15% increase in surface roughness for a similar to 25 nm film with respect to a silicon reference. Temporary storage in a gN(2) box minimally affects the UV reflectance of similar to 30 nm of AlF3 on Si. Overall, these coatings have proven to be versatile and optically stable in the early phases of development. C1 [Moore, Christopher Samuel; France, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Astrophys & Planetary Sci Dept, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moore, Christopher Samuel; France, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moore, Christopher Samuel; France, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hennessy, John; Jewell, April D.; Nikzad, Shouleh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kersgaard, Eliot] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Moore, CS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Astrophys & Planetary Sci Dept, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Christopher.Moore-1@Colorado.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-767-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9601 AR 96010X DI 10.1117/12.2186723 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HA UT WOS:000366016700024 ER PT S AU O'Dell, SL Swartz, DA Tice, NW Plucinsky, PP Grant, CE Marshall, HL Vikhlinin, AA Tennant, AF Dahmer, MT AF O'Dell, Stephen L. Swartz, Douglas A. Tice, Neil W. Plucinsky, Paul P. Grant, Catherine E. Marshall, Herman L. Vikhlinin, Alexey A. Tennant, Allyn F. Dahmer, Matthew T. BE Siegmund, OHW TI Modeling contamination migration on the Chandra X-ray Observatory - III SO UV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY SPACE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XIX CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray astronomy; CCDs; contamination; modeling and simulation; spacecraft operations ID ACIS INSTRUMENT; PERFORMANCE AB During its first 16 years of operation, the cold (about - 60 degrees C) optical blocking filter of the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS), aboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory, has accumulated a growing layer of molecular contamination that attenuates low-energy x rays. Over the past few years, the accumulation rate, spatial distribution, and composition have changed. This evolution has motivated further analysis of contamination migration within and near the ACIS cavity, in part to evaluate potential bake-out scenarios intended to reduce the level of contamination. C1 [O'Dell, Stephen L.; Tennant, Allyn F.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Swartz, Douglas A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Tice, Neil W.; Grant, Catherine E.; Marshall, Herman L.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Plucinsky, Paul P.; Vikhlinin, Alexey A.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dahmer, Matthew T.] Northrop Grumman, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP O'Dell, SL (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, MSFC ZP12, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM stephen.l.odell@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-767-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9601 AR 960107 DI 10.1117/12.2188396 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HA UT WOS:000366016700005 ER PT S AU Seller, P Wilson, MD Veale, MC Schneider, A Gaskin, J Wilson-Hodge, C Christe, S Shih, AY Gregory, K Inglis, A Panessa, M AF Seller, Paul Wilson, Matthew D. Veale, Matthew C. Schneider, Andreas Gaskin, Jessica Wilson-Hodge, Colleen Christe, Steven Shih, Albert Y. Gregory, Kyle Inglis, Andrew Panessa, Marco BE Siegmund, OHW TI CdTe focal plane detector for hard X-ray focusing optics SO UV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY SPACE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XIX CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE HERO; CdTe; X-ray optics; X-ray imaging; focal plane array AB The demand for higher resolution x-ray optics (a few arcseconds or better) in the areas of astrophysics and solar science has, in turn, driven the development of complementary detectors. These detectors should have fine pixels, necessary to appropriately oversample the optics at a given focal length, and an energy response also matched to that of the optics. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory have developed a 3-side buttable, 20 mm x 20 mm CdTe-based detector with 250 mu m square pixels (80x80 pixels) which achieves 1 keV FWHM @ 60 keV and gives full spectroscopy between 5 keV and 200 keV. An added advantage of these detectors is that they have a full-frame readout rate of 10 kHz. Working with NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Marshall Space Flight Center, 4 of these 1mm-thick CdTe detectors are tiled into a 2x2 array for use at the focal plane of a balloon-borne hard-x-ray telescope, and a similar configuration could be suitable for astrophysics and solar space-based missions. This effort encompasses the fabrication and testing of flight-suitable front-end electronics and calibration of the assembled detector arrays. We explain the operation of the pixelated ASIC readout and measurements, front-end electronics development, preliminary X-ray imaging and spectral performance, and plans for full calibration of the detector assemblies. Work done in conjunction with the NASA Centers is funded through the NASA Science Mission Directorate Astrophysics Research and Analysis Program. C1 [Seller, Paul; Wilson, Matthew D.; Veale, Matthew C.; Schneider, Andreas] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Gaskin, Jessica; Wilson-Hodge, Colleen] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Christe, Steven; Shih, Albert Y.; Gregory, Kyle; Inglis, Andrew; Panessa, Marco] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Inglis, Andrew; Panessa, Marco] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Seller, P (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. OI Christe, Steven/0000-0001-6127-795X NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-767-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9601 AR 960103 DI 10.1117/12.2191617 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HA UT WOS:000366016700001 ER PT S AU Bucik, R Innes, DE Chen, NH Mason, GM Gomez-Herrero, R Wiedenbeck, ME AF Bucik, R. Innes, D. E. Chen, N. H. Mason, G. M. Gomez-Herrero, R. Wiedenbeck, M. E. BE Zank, GP TI Long-lived energetic particle source regions on the Sun SO 14TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PARTICLE ENERGIZATION THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY APR 19-24, 2015 CL Tampa, FL ID HE-3-RICH EVENTS; SOLAR AB Discovered more than 40 years ago, impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events are still poorly understood. The enormous abundance enhancement of the rare 3 He isotope is the most striking feature of these events, though large enhancements in heavy and ultra-heavy nuclei are also observed. Recurrent 3 He-rich SEPs in impulsive events have only been observed for limited time periods, up to a few days which is typically the time that a single stationary spacecraft is magnetically connected to the source active regions on the Sun. With the launch of the two STEREO spacecraft we now have the possibility of longer connection time to solar active regions. We examined the evolution of source regions showing repeated 3 He-rich SEP emissions for relatively long time periods. We found that recurrent 3 He-rich SEPs in these long-lived sources occur after the emergence of magnetic flux. C1 [Bucik, R.; Innes, D. E.; Chen, N. H.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Bucik, R.; Innes, D. E.] Max Planck Princeton Ctr Plasma Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Mason, G. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Gomez-Herrero, R.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Space Res Grp, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Spain. [Wiedenbeck, M. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bucik, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM bucik@mps.mpg.de RI Gomez-Herrero, Raul/B-7346-2011; Bucik, Radoslav/B-6501-2016 OI Gomez-Herrero, Raul/0000-0002-5705-9236; Bucik, Radoslav/0000-0001-7381-6949 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 642 AR 012002 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012002 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD9OJ UT WOS:000364992000002 ER PT S AU Burlaga, L AF Burlaga, L. BE Zank, GP TI Voyager observations of the magnetic field in the heliosheath and the local interstellar medium SO 14TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PARTICLE ENERGIZATION THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY APR 19-24, 2015 CL Tampa, FL ID NONEXTENSIVE STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; MERGED INTERACTION REGION; TERMINATION SHOCK; ASTROPHYSICAL BODIES; COSMIC-RAYS; SOLAR-WIND; BOW SHOCK; HELIOPAUSE; HELIOSPHERE; PLASMA AB This paper reviews observations of the magnetic field B in the heliosheath by Voyager 1 (V1) and Voyager 2 (V2) and the recent observations of the LISM by V1. The heliosheath is the region between the termination shock (TS) and the heliopause (HP). The TS was identified by both V1 and V2, and the internal structure of the TS was determined by V2. The radial distance of the TS was 94 AU at V1 and 84 AU at V2, suggesting a global asymmetry of the heliosphere. The average direction of B in the heliosheath is that of the Parker spiral magnetic field, and non-periodic magnetic sectors were observed by V1 and V2. The heliosheath is disturbed and turbulent, particularly just behind the TS, and it is described by the multifractal spectrum, the q-correlation function and the q-Gaussian distribution. The multifractal spectrum in the heliosheath also varies with the solar cycle. Voyager 1 has been in the LISM since at least August 25, 2012, but the nature of the HP and the time of the HP crossing not been determined. The magnetic field direction is close to, but distinguishable from the Parker spiral magnetic field, and its departure from the Parker spiral magnetic field is slowly increasing with distance from the sun. A large pressure pulse and two shocks or pressure waves have been identified in the LISM, presumably generated inside the heliosphere and transmitted through the heliosheath and heliopause. The interstellar magnetic field lines are draped across the heliopause, and B is approximately 0.5 nT. The fluctuations of B are very small but turbulent on scales 1 day to 468 days, with a Kolmogorov spectrum and an injection scale of approximately 10 pc. C1 [Burlaga, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Burlaga, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 673, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lburlagahsp@verizon.net NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 642 AR 012003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012003 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD9OJ UT WOS:000364992000003 ER PT S AU Duffin, RT White, SM Ray, PS Kaiser, ML AF Duffin, R. T. White, S. M. Ray, P. S. Kaiser, M. L. BE Zank, GP TI Type III-L Solar Radio Bursts and Solar Energetic Particle Events SO 14TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PARTICLE ENERGIZATION THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY APR 19-24, 2015 CL Tampa, FL ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ACCELERATION; ELECTRONS; ORIGIN; FLARES; SHOCKS AB A radio-selected sample of fast drift radio bursts with complex structure occurring after the impulsive phase of the associated flare ("Type III-L bursts") is identified by inspection of radio dynamic spectra from 1 to 180 MHz for over 300 large flares in 2001. An operational definition that takes into account previous work on these radio bursts starting from samples of solar energetic particle (SEP) events is applied to the data, and 66 Type III-L bursts are found in the sample. In order to determine whether the presence of these radio bursts can be used to predict the occurrence of SEP events, we also develop a catalog of all SEP proton events in 2001 using data from the ERNE detector on the SOHO satellite. 68 SEP events are found, for 48 of which we can identify a solar source and hence look for associated Type III-L emission. We confirm previous work that found that most (76% in our sample) of the solar sources of SEP events exhibit radio emission of this type. However, the correlation in the opposite direction is not as strong: starting from a radio-selected sample of Type III-L events, around 64% of the bursts that occur at longitudes magnetically well-connected to the Earth, and hence favorable for detection of SEPs, are associated with SEP events. The degree of association increases when the events have durations over 10 minutes at 1MHz, but in general Type III-L bursts do not perform any better than Type II bursts in our sample as predictors of SEP events. A comparison of Type III-L timing with the arrival of near-relativistic electrons at the ACE spacecraft is not inconsistent with a common source for the accelerated electrons in both phenomena. C1 [Duffin, R. T.] Laney Coll, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. [White, S. M.] US Air Force, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Ray, P. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kaiser, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Duffin, RT (reprint author), Laney Coll, 900 Fallon St, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. EM robert.t.duffin@gmail.com NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 642 AR 012006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012006 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD9OJ UT WOS:000364992000006 ER PT S AU Fermo, RL Pogorelov, NV Burlaga, LF AF Fermo, R. L. Pogorelov, N. V. Burlaga, L. F. BE Zank, GP TI Transient shocks beyond the heliopause SO 14TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PARTICLE ENERGIZATION THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY APR 19-24, 2015 CL Tampa, FL ID MERGED INTERACTION REGION; WIND TERMINATION SHOCK; SOLAR-WIND; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; VOYAGER 1; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; 3-DIMENSIONAL FEATURES; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; COSMIC-RAYS AB The heliopause is a rich, dynamic surface affected by the time-dependent solar wind. Stream interactions due to coronal mass ejections (CMEs), corotating interaction regions (CIRs), and other transient phenomena are known to merge producing global merged interaction regions (GMIRs). Numerical simulations of the solar wind interaction with the local interstellar medium (LISM) show that GMIRs, as well other time-dependent structures in the solar wind, may produce compression/rarefaction waves and shocks in the LISM behind the heliopause. These shocks may initiate wave activity observed by the Voyager spacecraft. The magnetometer onboard Voyager 1 indeed observed a few structures that may be interpreted as shocks. We present numerical simulations of such shocks in the year of 2000, when both Voyager spacecraft were in the supersonic solar wind region, and in 2012, when Voyager 1 observed traveling shocks. In the former case, Voyager observations themselves provide timedependent boundary conditions in the solar wind. In the latter case, we use OMNI data at 1 AU to analyze the plasma and magnetic field behavior after Voyager 1 crossed the heliospheric boundary. Numerical results are compared with spacecraft observations. C1 [Fermo, R. L.; Pogorelov, N. V.] Univ Alabama, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Fermo, R. L.; Pogorelov, N. V.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Burlaga, L. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Fermo, RL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 642 AR 012008 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012008 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD9OJ UT WOS:000364992000008 ER PT S AU Gopalswamy, N Makela, P Yashiro, S Xie, H Akiyama, S Thakur, N AF Gopalswamy, N. Maekelae, P. Yashiro, S. Xie, H. Akiyama, S. Thakur, N. BE Zank, GP TI High-energy solar particle events in cycle 24 SO 14TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PARTICLE ENERGIZATION THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY APR 19-24, 2015 CL Tampa, FL ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; GROUND-LEVEL ENHANCEMENT; PEAK INTENSITIES; SPACE WEATHER; PROTON EVENTS; ERUPTIONS; SHOCK; SUN AB The Sun is already in the declining phase of cycle 24, but the paucity of high-energy solar energetic particle (SEP) events continues with only two ground level enhancement (GLE) events as of March 31, 2015. In an attempt to understand this, we considered all the large SEP events of cycle 24 that occurred until the end of 2014. We compared the properties of the associated CMEs with those in cycle 23. We found that the CME speeds in the sky plane were similar, but almost all those cycle-24 CMEs were halos. A significant fraction of (16%) of the frontside SEP events were associated with eruptive prominence events. CMEs associated with filament eruption events accelerate slowly and attain peak speeds beyond the typical GLE release heights. When we considered only western hemispheric events that had good connectivity to the CME nose, there were only 8 events that could be considered as GLE candidates. One turned out to be the first GLE event of cycle 24 (2012 May 17). In two events, the CMEs were very fast (>2000 km/s) but they were launched into a tenuous medium (high Alfven speed). In the remaining five events, the speeds were well below the typical GLE CME speed (similar to 2000 km/s). Furthermore, the CMEs attained their peak speeds beyond the typical heights where GLE particles are released. We conclude that several factors contribute to the low rate of high-energy SEP events in cycle 24: (i) reduced efficiency of shock acceleration (weak heliospheric magnetic field), (ii) poor latitudinal and longitudinal connectivity), and (iii) variation in local ambient conditions (e.g., high Alfven speed). C1 [Gopalswamy, N.; Maekelae, P.; Yashiro, S.; Xie, H.; Akiyama, S.; Thakur, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Maekelae, P.; Yashiro, S.; Xie, H.; Akiyama, S.; Thakur, N.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM nat.gopalswamy@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 642 AR 012012 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012012 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD9OJ UT WOS:000364992000012 ER PT S AU Lario, D Decker, RB Roelof, EC Vinas, AF AF Lario, D. Decker, R. B. Roelof, E. C. Vinas, A-F BE Zank, GP TI Energetic particle pressure in intense ESP events SO 14TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PARTICLE ENERGIZATION THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY APR 19-24, 2015 CL Tampa, FL ID SOLAR-WIND; STEREO MISSION; COSMIC-RAYS; SHOCKS; TELESCOPE; ACCELERATION; ELECTRON; PLASMA AB We study three intense energetic storm particle (ESP) events in which the energetic particle pressure PEP exceeded both the pressure of the background thermal plasma P-th and the pressure of the magnetic field PB. The region upstream of the interplanetary shocks associated with these events was characterized by a depression of the magnetic field strength coincident with the increase of the energetic particle intensities and, when plasma measurements were available, a depleted solar wind density. The general feature of cosmic-ray mediated shocks such as the deceleration of the upstream background medium into which the shock propagates is generally observed. However, for those shocks where plasma parameters are available, pressure balance is not maintained either upstream of or across the shock, which may result from the fact that PEP is not included in the calculation of the shock parameters. C1 [Lario, D.; Decker, R. B.; Roelof, E. C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Vinas, A-F] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Geospace Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lario, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM david.lario@jhuapl.edu RI Lario, David/D-9318-2016 OI Lario, David/0000-0002-3176-8704 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 642 AR 012014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012014 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD9OJ UT WOS:000364992000014 ER PT S AU Thejappa, G MacDowall, RJ AF Thejappa, G. MacDowall, R. J. BE Zank, GP TI Solar Type III Radio Bursts: Directivity Characteristics SO 14TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PARTICLE ENERGIZATION THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY APR 19-24, 2015 CL Tampa, FL ID CORONAL SCATTERING; RADIOBURSTS; REFRACTION; WIND AB Type III radio bursts are a group of fast drifting radio emissions associated with solar flares. These radio emissions are believed to be excited at the fundamental and second harmonic of the electron plasma frequency, f(pe) by the electron beam excited Langmuir waves through a mechanism called the plasma mechanism. This mechanism attributes the dipole and quadrupole beam patterns for the fundamental and harmonic emissions. To verify these predictions, we analyze the simultaneous observations of type III radio bursts by the STEREO A, B and Wind spacecraft located at different vantage points in the ecliptic plane, and determine their normalized peak intensities (directivity factors) at each spacecraft using their time profiles. Assuming that the sources of these bursts are located on the Parker spiral magnetic field lines emerging from the associated active regions, we estimate the angles between the magnetic field directions and the lines connecting the sources to the spacecraft (viewing angles). Based on the plots of the directivity factors versus the viewing angles, one can divide these bursts into (1) intense bursts emitted into a narrow cone centered around the tangent to the magnetic field, and (2) relatively weaker bursts emitting into a wider cone centered around the tangent to the magnetic field. We compute the distributions of ray trajectories emitted by an isotropic point source and show that the refraction focuses the fundamental and harmonic emissions into narrow and wider cones, respectively. The comparison of these distributions with observations indicates that the intense bursts visible to a narrow range of angles around the tangent to the magnetic field probably correspond to the fundamental, and the relatively weaker bursts visible to a wide range of angles probably are the harmonic emissions. C1 [Thejappa, G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [MacDowall, R. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Thejappa, G (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM thejappa.golla@nasa.gov; Robert.J.MacDowall@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 642 AR 012028 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012028 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD9OJ UT WOS:000364992000028 ER PT S AU Leviton, DB Miller, KH Quijada, MA Grupp, FD AF Leviton, Douglas B. Miller, Kevin H. Quijada, Manuel A. Grupp, Frank D. BE Johnson, RB Mahajan, VN Thibault, S TI Temperature-dependent refractive index measurements of CaF2, Suprasil 3001, and S-FTM16 for the Euclid Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer SO CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LENS DESIGN AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XVI CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE calcium fluoride; Suprasil 3001; S-FTM16; CHARMS; Euclid; NISP; cryogenic refractive index; temperature-dependent; dispersion; thermo-optic coefficient; infrared AB Using the Cryogenic High Accuracy Refraction Measuring System (CHARMS) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, we measured absolute refractive indices at temperatures from 100 to 310 K at wavelengths from 0.42 to 3.6 microns for CaF2, Suprasil 3001 fused silica, and S-FTM16 glass in support of lens designs for the Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) for ESA's Euclid dark energy mission. We report absolute refractive index, dispersion (dn/d lambda), and thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) for these materials. In this study, materials from different melts were procured to understand index variability in each material. We provide temperature-dependent Sellmeier coefficients based on our data to allow accurate interpolation of index to other wavelengths and temperatures. For calcium fluoride (CaF2) and S-FTM16, we compare our current measurements with CHARMS measurements of these materials made in the recent past for other programs. We also compare Suprasil 3001's indices to those of other forms of fused silica we have measured in CHARMS. C1 [Leviton, Douglas B.] Leviton Metrol Solut Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Miller, Kevin H.; Quijada, Manuel A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Grupp, Frank D.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Leviton, DB (reprint author), Leviton Metrol Solut Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM doug@levitonmetrology.com NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-744-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9578 AR 95780M DI 10.1117/12.2189024 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0CF UT WOS:000365755700016 ER PT S AU Leviton, DB Miller, KH Quijada, MA Groff, TD AF Leviton, Douglas B. Miller, Kevin H. Quijada, Manuel A. Groff, Tyler D. BE Johnson, RB Mahajan, VN Thibault, S TI Temperature-dependent refractive index measurements of L-BBH2 glass for the Subaru CHARIS integral field spectrograph SO CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LENS DESIGN AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XVI CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE L-BBH2; CHARMS; cryogenic refractive index; temperature-dependent; infrared; dispersion; thermo-optic coefficient; CHARTS; Subaru telescope AB Using the Cryogenic High Accuracy Refraction Measuring System (CHARMS) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, we have made the first cryogenic measurements of absolute refractive index for Ohara L-BBH2 glass to enable the design of a prism for the Coronagraphic High Angular Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (CHARTS) at the Subaru telescope. L-BBH2 is employed in CHARIS's prism design for improving the spectrograph's dispersion uniformity. Index measurements were made at temperatures from 110 to 305 K at wavelengths from 0.46 to 3.16 mu m. We report absolute refractive index (n), dispersion (dn/d lambda), and thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) for this material along with estimated single measurement uncertainties as a function of wavelength and temperature. We provide temperature-dependent Sellmeier coefficients based on our data to allow accurate interpolation of index to other wavelengths and temperatures within applicable ranges. This paper also speaks of the challenges in measuring index for a material which is not available in sufficient thickness to fabricate a typical prism for measurement in CHARMS, the tailoring of the index prism design that allowed these index measurements to be made, and the remarkable results obtained from that prism for this practical infrared material. C1 [Leviton, Douglas B.] Leviton Metrol Solut Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Miller, Kevin H.; Quijada, Manuel A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Groff, Tyler D.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Leviton, DB (reprint author), Leviton Metrol Solut Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM doug@levitonmetrology.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-744-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9578 AR 95780J DI 10.1117/12.2189580 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0CF UT WOS:000365755700014 ER PT S AU Miller, KH Quijada, MA Leviton, DB AF Miller, Kevin H. Quijada, Manuel A. Leviton, Douglas B. BE Johnson, RB Mahajan, VN Thibault, S TI Cryogenic Refractive Indices of S-LAH55, S-LAH55V, S-LAH59, S-LAM3, S-NBM51, S-NPH2, S-PHM52, and S-TIH14 Glasses SO CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LENS DESIGN AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XVI CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE S-LAH55; S-LAH55V; S-LAH59; S-LAM3; S-NBM51; S-NPH2; S-PHM52; S-TIH14; CHARMS; cryogenic refractive index ID ULTRAVIOLET OPTICAL-MATERIALS; ABSOLUTE PRISM REFRACTOMETER; HIGH-ACCURACY AB The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is an explorer-class planet finder whose principal goal is to detect small planets with bright host stars in the solar neighborhood. The TESS payload consists of four identical cameras with seven lens elements, each made from various Ohara glass. The successful implementation of both the panchromatic and the thermal aspect of these lens assemblies requires accurate knowledge of the thermal and spectral dependence of the refractive index in the wavelength and temperature ranges of operation. Hence, this paper reports measurements of the refractive index for the following Ohara glasses over the wavelength range 0.42 - 1.10 mu m and temperature range 120 300 K: S-LAH55, S-LAH55V, S-LAH59, S-LAM3, S-NBM51, S-NPH2, S-PHM52, and S-TIH14. The measurements were performed using the Cryogenic High Accuracy Refraction Measuring System (CHARMS) facility at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Dense coverage of absolute refractive indices of these glasses over the aforementioned wavelength and temperature ranges allowed accurate determination of spectral thermo-optic coefficients (dn/dT) and spectral dispersions (dn/d lambda) as a function of temperature. A comparison of measured, temperature-dependent indices to literature values is presented for S-PHM52 and S-TIH14. A comparison to Ohara's catalog indices at room temperature is presented for all of the materials. C1 [Miller, Kevin H.; Quijada, Manuel A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Leviton, Douglas B.] Leviton Metrol Solut Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Miller, KH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-744-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9578 AR 95780L DI 10.1117/12.2188194 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0CF UT WOS:000365755700015 ER PT S AU Mouroulis, P Green, RO Van Gorp, B Moore, L Wilson, DW Bender, HA AF Mouroulis, Pantazis Green, Robert O. Van Gorp, Byron Moore, Lori Wilson, Daniel W. Bender, Holly A. BE Johnson, RB Mahajan, VN Thibault, S TI Landsat-swath Imaging Spectrometer Design SO CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LENS DESIGN AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XVI CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Imaging spectrometer; Landsat; Dyson spectrometer AB We describe the design of a high-throughput pushbroom imaging spectrometer and telescope system that is capable of Landsat swath and resolution while providing better than 10 nm per pixel spectral resolution. The design is based on a 3200 x 480 element x 18 mu m pixel size focal plane array, two of which are utilized to cover the full swath. At an optical speed of F/1.8, the system is the fastest proposed to date to our knowledge. The utilization of only two spectrometer modules fed from the same telescope reduces system complexity while providing a solution within achievable detector technology. Predictions of complete system response are shown. Also, it is shown that detailed ghost analysis is a requirement for this type of spectrometer and forms an essential part of a complete design. C1 [Mouroulis, Pantazis; Green, Robert O.; Van Gorp, Byron; Moore, Lori; Wilson, Daniel W.; Bender, Holly A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mouroulis, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-744-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9578 AR 95780A DI 10.1117/12.2189120 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0CF UT WOS:000365755700009 ER PT J AU Frieler, K Levermann, A Elliott, J Heinke, J Arneth, A Bierkens, MFP Ciais, P Clark, DB Deryng, D Doll, P Falloon, P Fekete, B Folberth, C Friend, AD Gellhorn, C Gosling, SN Haddeland, I Khabarov, N Lomas, M Masaki, Y Nishina, K Neumann, K Oki, T Pavlick, R Ruane, AC Schmid, E Schmitz, C Stacke, T Stehfest, E Tang, Q Wisser, D Huber, V Piontek, F Warszawski, L Schewe, J Lotze-Campen, H Schellnhuber, HJ AF Frieler, K. Levermann, A. Elliott, J. Heinke, J. Arneth, A. Bierkens, M. F. P. Ciais, P. Clark, D. B. Deryng, D. Doell, P. Falloon, P. Fekete, B. Folberth, C. Friend, A. D. Gellhorn, C. Gosling, S. N. Haddeland, I. Khabarov, N. Lomas, M. Masaki, Y. Nishina, K. Neumann, K. Oki, T. Pavlick, R. Ruane, A. C. Schmid, E. Schmitz, C. Stacke, T. Stehfest, E. Tang, Q. Wisser, D. Huber, V. Piontek, F. Warszawski, L. Schewe, J. Lotze-Campen, H. Schellnhuber, H. J. TI A framework for the cross-sectoral integration of multi-model impact projections: land use decisions under climate impacts uncertainties SO EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL FOOD DEMAND; WATER AVAILABILITY; ELEVATED CO2; FUTURE; CARBON; SYSTEM; PRODUCTIVITY; AGRICULTURE; EMISSIONS; SCARCITY AB Climate change and its impacts already pose considerable challenges for societies that will further increase with global warming (IPCC, 2014a, b). Uncertainties of the climatic response to greenhouse gas emissions include the potential passing of large-scale tipping points (e.g. Lenton et al., 2008; Levermann et al., 2012; Schellnhuber, 2010) and changes in extreme meteorological events (Field et al., 2012) with complex impacts on societies (Hallegatte et al., 2013). Thus climate change mitigation is considered a necessary societal response for avoiding uncontrollable impacts (Conference of the Parties, 2010). On the other hand, large-scale climate change mitigation itself implies fundamental changes in, for example, the global energy system. The associated challenges come on top of others that derive from equally important ethical imperatives like the fulfilment of increasing food demand that may draw on the same resources. For example, ensuring food security for a growing population may require an expansion of cropland, thereby reducing natural carbon sinks or the area available for bio-energy production. So far, available studies addressing this problem have relied on individual impact models, ignoring uncertainty in crop model and biome model projections. Here, we propose a probabilistic decision framework that allows for an evaluation of agricultural management and mitigation options in a multi-impact-model setting. Based on simulations generated within the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP), we outline how cross-sectorally consistent multi-model impact simulations could be used to generate the information required for robust decision making. Using an illustrative future land use pattern, we discuss the trade-off between potential gains in crop production and associated losses in natural carbon sinks in the new multiple crop-and biome-model setting. In addition, crop and water model simulations are combined to explore irrigation increases as one possible measure of agricultural intensification that could limit the expansion of cropland required in response to climate change and growing food demand. This example shows that current impact model uncertainties pose an important challenge to long-term mitigation planning and must not be ignored in long-term strategic decision making. C1 [Frieler, K.; Levermann, A.; Heinke, J.; Gellhorn, C.; Schmitz, C.; Huber, V.; Piontek, F.; Warszawski, L.; Schewe, J.; Lotze-Campen, H.; Schellnhuber, H. J.] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Levermann, A.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys, Potsdam, Germany. [Elliott, J.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Elliott, J.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Arneth, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK sIFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Bierkens, M. F. P.] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Ciais, P.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, Ctr Etud Orme Merisiers, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Clark, D. B.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Deryng, D.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Tyndall Ctr, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Doell, P.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys Geog, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Falloon, P.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Fekete, B.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Folberth, C.] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Friend, A. D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. [Gosling, S. N.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Haddeland, I.] Norwegian Water Resources & Energy Directorate, Oslo, Norway. [Khabarov, N.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Lomas, M.] Univ Sheffield, Ctr Terr Carbon Dynam, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Masaki, Y.; Nishina, K.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Neumann, K.] Wageningen Univ, Lab Geoinformat Sci & Remote Sensing, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Neumann, K.; Stehfest, E.] PBL Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, The Hague, Netherlands. [Oki, T.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Pavlick, R.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Ruane, A. C.] NASA GISS, New York, NY USA. [Schmid, E.] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Vienna, Austria. [Stacke, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Tang, Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wisser, D.] Univ Bonn, Res Dev Ctr, Bonn, Germany. [Lotze-Campen, H.] Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. [Schellnhuber, H. J.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Frieler, K (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. EM katja.frieler@pik-potsdam.de RI Doll, Petra/A-3784-2009; Oki, Taikan/E-5778-2010; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim/B-2607-2012; Deryng, Delphine/F-7417-2010; Levermann, Anders/G-4666-2011; OI Doll, Petra/0000-0003-2238-4546; Oki, Taikan/0000-0003-4067-4678; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim/0000-0001-7453-4935; Deryng, Delphine/0000-0001-6214-7241; Levermann, Anders/0000-0003-4432-4704; Nishina, Kazuya/0000-0002-8820-1282; Schmid, Erwin/0000-0003-4783-9666 FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01LS1201A]; European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [238366, 603864-2, 266992]; Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety [11 II 093]; Joint DECC/DefraMet Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-10] FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Table S6 in the Supplement) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. This work has been conducted under the framework of ISI-MIP and in cooperation with AgMIP. The ISI-MIP Fast Track project was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) with project funding reference no. 01LS1201A. Responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the author. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013) under grant agreement nos. 238366 and 603864-2 (HELIX) and was supported by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (11 II 093 Global A SIDS and LDCs). Pete Falloon was supported by the Joint DECC/DefraMet Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 266992. Y. Masaki and K. Nishina were supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-10) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2190-4979 EI 2190-4987 J9 EARTH SYST DYNAM JI Earth Syst. Dynam. PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 447 EP 460 DI 10.5194/esd-6-447-2015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CX3WE UT WOS:000365629400004 ER PT S AU Jordan, AP Stubbs, TJ Wilson, JK Schwadron, NA Spence, HE AF Jordan, A. P. Stubbs, T. J. Wilson, J. K. Schwadron, N. A. Spence, H. E. BE Matthews, J TI Deep dielectric charging and breakdown of lunar polar regolith SO ELECTROSTATICS 2015 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electrostatics CY APR 12-16, 2015 CL Southampton Solent Univ, Sir James Matthews Bldg, Southampton, ENGLAND HO Southampton Solent Univ, Sir James Matthews Bldg ID SPACECRAFT; PROTON AB Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) penetrate the regolith (layer of soil and dust) covering the Moon's surface and cause deep dielectric charging. To gain insight into this process, we have developed a data-driven, deep dielectric charging model using data from the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER), which is onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), and the Electron, Proton, and Alpha Monitor (EPAM) on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). The model results indicate that GCRs produce a persistent electric field (similar to 700 V m(-1)) within the top tens of centimeters of regolith, while large SEP events could potentially generate episodic subsurface electric fields (>= 10(6) V m(-1)) capable of causing dielectric breakdown within the top millimeter of regolith. We also propose that this "breakdown weathering" may have significantly affected the regolith in the Moon's permanently shadowed regions (PSRs). C1 [Jordan, A. P.; Wilson, J. K.; Schwadron, N. A.; Spence, H. E.] Univ New Hampshire, EOS Space Sci Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Stubbs, T. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Jordan, AP (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, EOS Space Sci Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM a.p.jordan@unh.edu RI Stubbs, Timothy/I-5139-2013 OI Stubbs, Timothy/0000-0002-5524-645X NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 646 AR 012010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/646/1/012010 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BD9TY UT WOS:000365323700010 ER PT J AU Woo, R AF Woo, Richard TI Perception of Solar Eclipses Captured by Art Explains How Imaging Misrepresented the Source of the Solar Wind SO I-PERCEPTION LA English DT Article DE Solar eclipse; perception; art; imaging; solar corona; solar wind ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CORONA AB The visible corona revealed by the natural phenomenon of solar eclipses has been studied for 150 years. A turning point has been the discovery that the true spatial distribution of coronal brightness can neither be seen nor imaged on account of its unprecedented dynamic range. Howard Russell Butler (1856-1934), the painter of solar eclipses in the early 20th century, possessed the extraordinary skill of painting from memory what he saw for only a brief time. His remarkable but forgotten eclipse paintings are, therefore, ideal for capturing and representing best the perceptual experience of the visible corona. Explained here is how by bridging the eras of visual (late 19th century) and imaging investigations (since the latter half of the 20th century), Butler's paintings reveal why white-light images misled researching and understanding the Sun's atmosphere, the solar wind. The closure in understanding solar eclipses through the convergence of perception, art, imaging, science and the history of science promises to enrich the experience of viewing and photographing the first solar eclipse of the 21st century in the United States on 21st August 2017. C1 [Woo, Richard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. RP Woo, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 238-725, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. EM richard.woo@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX I would like to thank R. Sinclair for bringing to my attention the wonderful but forgotten eclipse paintings of H. Butler that sparked the research of this paper, my long-time colleagues J. Armstrong and F. Estabrook for invaluable discussions, and C. Copeland for transforming my thoughts into beautiful pictures. Although no longer with us, I miss my exchanges with Richard Gregory, but know he would be pleased to see this paper in his journal. Finally, I thank A. Hewish, A. Ishimaru, and B. Woo for supporting and encouraging me to understand and explain age-old mysteries of the Sun and solar wind. This paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 2041-6695 J9 I-PERCEPTION JI I-Perception PY 2015 VL 6 IS 6 DI 10.1177/2041669515613710 PG 6 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA CX7JY UT WOS:000365879200008 ER PT J AU McHenry, JN Vukovich, JM Hsu, NC AF McHenry, John N. Vukovich, Jeffery M. Hsu, N. Christina TI Development and implementation of a remote-sensing and in situ data-assimilating version of CMAQ for operational PM2.5 forecasting. Part 1: MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) data-assimilation design and testing SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ANALYSIS SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; INTERPOLATION; EXTINCTION; SATELLITE; OZONE; LAND AB This two-part paper reports on the development, implementation, and improvement of a version of the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model that assimilates real-time remotely-sensed aerosol optical depth (AOD) information and ground-based PM2.5 monitor data in routine prognostic application. The model is being used by operational air quality forecasters to help guide their daily issuance of state or local-agency-based air quality alerts (e.g. action days, health advisories). Part 1 describes the development and testing of the initial assimilation capability, which was implemented offline in partnership with NASA and the Visibility Improvement State and Tribal Association of the Southeast (VISTAS) Regional Planning Organization (RPO). In the initial effort, MODIS-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) data are input into a variational data-assimilation scheme using both the traditional Dark Target and relatively new Deep Blue retrieval methods. Evaluation of the developmental offline version, reported in Part 1 here, showed sufficient promise to implement the capability within the online, prognostic operational model described in Part 2. In Part 2, the addition of real-time surface PM2.5 monitoring data to improve the assimilation and an initial evaluation of the prognostic modeling system across the continental United States (CONUS) is presented.Implications: Air quality forecasts are now routinely used to understand when air pollution may reach unhealthy levels. For the first time, an operational air quality forecast model that includes the assimilation of remotely-sensed aerosol optical depth and ground based PM2.5 observations is being used. The assimilation enables quantifiable improvements in model forecast skill, which improves confidence in the accuracy of the officially-issued forecasts. This helps air quality stakeholders be more effective in taking mitigating actions (reducing power consumption, ride-sharing, etc.) and avoiding exposures that could otherwise result in more serious air quality episodes or more deleterious health effects. C1 [McHenry, John N.; Vukovich, Jeffery M.] Baron Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. [Hsu, N. Christina] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McHenry, JN (reprint author), Baron Serv, Adv Meteorol Syst, 1009 Capabil Dr, Raleigh, NC USA. EM john.mchenry@baronweather.com FU NASA Applied Sciences Program [NNA07CN15A] FX Work to develop and test the MODIS data-assimilation capability within CMAQ was supported by the NASA Applied Sciences Program under cooperative agreement NNA07CN15A. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1395 EP 1412 DI 10.1080/10962247.2015.1096862 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX5SU UT WOS:000365763600002 PM 26422145 ER PT S AU Coyle, DB Stysley, PR Poulios, D Clarke, GB Kay, RB AF Coyle, D. Barry Stysley, Paul R. Poulios, Demetrios Clarke, Greg B. Kay, Richard B. BE Singh, UN TI Laser transmitter development for NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Lidar SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Lidar; laser; oscillator; Nd:YAG; Q-switch; ISS ID ND-YAG LASER; MESSENGER MISSION; VEGETATION; ALTIMETER; MERCURY AB The Global Ecosystems Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Lidar, to be installed aboard the International Space Station in early 2018, will use 3 NASA laser transmitters to produce 14 parallel tracks of 25 m footprints on the Earth's surface. A global set of systematic canopy measurements will be derived, the most important of which are vegetation canopy top heights and the vertical distribution of canopy structure. Every digitized laser pulse waveform will provide 3-D biomass information for the duration of the mission. A total of 5 GEDI-HOMER lasers are to be built (1 ETU + 3 Flight + 1 spare) in-house at NASA-GSFC, and is based on a well-studied architecture, developed over several years in the Lasers and Electro-Optics Branch. C1 [Coyle, D. Barry; Stysley, Paul R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lasers & Photon Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Poulios, Demetrios; Clarke, Greg B.; Kay, Richard B.] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Coyle, DB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lasers & Photon Branch, Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM donald.b.coyle@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-778-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9612 AR 961208 DI 10.1117/12.2191569 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0GB UT WOS:000365983400003 ER PT S AU Dawsey, M Numata, K Wu, S Riris, H AF Dawsey, Martha Numata, Kenji Wu, Stewart Riris, Haris BE Singh, UN TI Optical Parametric Technology for Methane Measurements SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE lidar; laser radar; methane; IPDA; optical parametric oscillator; optical parametric amplifier; OPO; OPA ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; WATER-VAPOR; CO2; SPACE; SENSITIVITY; OSCILLATOR; SYSTEM; GOSAT AB Atmospheric methane (CH4) is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, with approximately 25 times the radiative forcing of carbon dioxide (CO2) per molecule. Yet, lack of understanding of the processes that control CH4 sources and sinks and its potential release from stored carbon reservoirs contributes significant uncertainty to our knowledge of the interaction between carbon cycle and climate change. At Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) we have been developing the technology needed to remotely measure CH4 from orbit. Our concept for a CH4 lidar is a nadir viewing instrument that uses the strong laser echoes from the Earth's surface to measure CH4. The instrument uses a tunable, narrow-frequency light source and photon-sensitive detector to make continuous measurements from orbit, in sunlight and darkness, at all latitudes and can be relatively immune to errors introduced by scattering from clouds and aerosols. Our measurement technique uses Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA), which measures the absorption of laser pulses by a trace gas when tuned to a wavelength coincident with an absorption line. We have already demonstrated ground-based and airborne CH4 detection using Optical Parametric Amplifiers (OPA) at 1651 nm using a laser with approximately 10 mu J/pulse at 5kHz with a narrow linewidth. Next, we will upgrade our OPO system to add several more wavelengths in preparation for our September 2015 airborne campaign, and expect that these upgrades will enable CH4 measurements with 1% precision (10-20 ppb). C1 [Dawsey, Martha; Wu, Stewart; Riris, Haris] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Numata, Kenji] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dawsey, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM martha.w.dawsey@nasa.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-778-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9612 AR 961205 DI 10.1117/12.2191615 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0GB UT WOS:000365983400002 ER PT S AU McGill, MJ Yorks, JE Scott, VS Kupchock, AW Selmer, PA AF McGill, Matthew J. Yorks, John E. Scott, V. Stanley Kupchock, Andrew W. Selmer, Patrick A. BE Singh, UN TI The Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS): A Technology Demonstration on the International Space Station SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Cloud-Aerosol Transport System; CATS; International Space Station; ISS; JEM-EF ID INSTRUMENT AB The Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) is a multi-wavelength lidar instrument developed to enhance Earth Science remote sensing capabilities from the International Space Station. The CATS project was chartered to be an experiment in all senses: science, technology, and management. As a low-cost project following a strict build-to-cost/build-to-schedule philosophy, CATS is following a new management approach while also serving as a technology demonstration for future NASA missions. This presentation will highlight the CATS instrument and science objectives with emphasis on how the ISS platform enables the specific objectives of the payload. The development process used for CATS and a look at data being produced by the instrument will also be presented. C1 [McGill, Matthew J.; Scott, V. Stanley] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yorks, John E.; Kupchock, Andrew W.; Selmer, Patrick A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP McGill, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-778-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9612 AR 96120A DI 10.1117/12.2190841 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0GB UT WOS:000365983400005 ER PT S AU Seaman, ST Cook, AL Scola, SJ Hostetler, CA Miller, I Welch, W AF Seaman, Shane T. Cook, Anthony L. Scola, Salvatore J. Hostetler, Chris A. Miller, Ian Welch, Wayne BE Singh, UN TI Performance Characterization of a Pressure-Tuned Wide Angle Michelson Interferometric Spectral Filter for High Spectral Resolution Lidar SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE HSRL; spectral filter; pressure tune; interferometer; transmission ratio; high spectral resolution lidar; wavefront error; tilt correction; fluid jet polishing; WAMI ID IODINE ABSORPTION FILTER; RAYLEIGH-MIE LIDAR; AEROSOL; SCATTERING; PROFILES; EXTINCTION; INVERSION AB High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) is typically realized using an absorption filter to separate molecular returns from particulate returns. NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) has designed and built a Pressure-Tuned Wide-Angle Michelson Interferometer (PTWAMI) as an alternate means to separate the two types of atmospheric returns. While absorption filters only work at certain wavelengths and suffer from low photon efficiency due to light absorption, an interferometric spectral filter can be designed for any wavelength and transmits nearly all incident photons. The interferometers developed at LaRC employ an air spacer in one arm, and a solid glass spacer in the other. Field widening is achieved by specific design and selection of the lengths and refractive indices of these two arms. The principal challenge in using such an interferometer as a spectral filter for HSRL aboard aircraft is that variations in glass temperature and air pressure cause changes in the interferometer's optical path difference. Therefore, a tuning mechanism is needed to actively accommodate for these changes. The pressure-tuning mechanism employed here relies on changing the pressure in an enclosed, air-filled arm of the interferometer to change the arm's optical path length. However, tuning using pressure will not adjust for tilt, mirror warpage, or thermally induced wavefront error, so the structural, thermal, and optical behavior of the device must be well understood and optimized in the design and manufacturing process. The PTWAMI has been characterized for particulate transmission ratio, wavefront error, and tilt, and shows acceptable performance for use in an HSRL instrument. C1 [Seaman, Shane T.; Cook, Anthony L.; Scola, Salvatore J.; Hostetler, Chris A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Seaman, Shane T.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Miller, Ian] LightMachinery Inc, Nepean, ON K2E 7L2, Canada. [Welch, Wayne] Welch Mech Designs LLC, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. RP Seaman, ST (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Shane.T.Seaman@NASA.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-778-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9612 AR 96120H DI 10.1117/12.2189114 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0GB UT WOS:000365983400011 ER PT S AU Singh, UN Yu, JR Petros, M Refaat, TF Remus, RG Reithmaier, K AF Singh, Upendra N. Yu, Jirong Petros, Mulugeta Refaat, Tamer F. Remus, Ruben G. Reithmaier, Karl BE Singh, UN TI Development of double- and triple-pulsed 2-micron IPDA lidars for column CO2 measurements SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Active remote sensing; carbon dioxide; DIAL; IPDA lidar; double-pulsed laser; triple-pulsed laser ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important greenhouse gas that significantly contributes to the carbon cycle and global radiation budget on Earth. CO2 role on Earth's climate is complicated due to different interactions with various climate components that include the atmosphere, the biosphere and the hydrosphere. Although extensive worldwide efforts for monitoring atmospheric CO2 through various techniques, including in-situ and passive sensors, are taking place high uncertainties exist in quantifying CO2 sources and sinks. These uncertainties are mainly due to insufficient spatial and temporal mapping of the gas. Therefore it is required to have more rapid and accurate CO2 monitoring with higher uniform coverage and higher resolution. CO2 DIAL operating in the 2- mu m band offer better near-surface CO2 measurement sensitivity due to the intrinsically stronger absorption lines. For more than 15 years, NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) contributed in developing several 2-mu m CO2 DIAL systems and technologies. This paper focuses on the current development of the airborne double-pulsed and triple-pulsed 2-mu m CO2 integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar system at NASA LaRC. This includes the IPDA system development and integration. Results from ground and airborne CO2 IPDA testing will be presented. The potential of scaling such technology to a space mission will be addressed. C1 [Singh, Upendra N.; Yu, Jirong; Petros, Mulugeta; Refaat, Tamer F.; Remus, Ruben G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Reithmaier, Karl] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Singh, UN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 11 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM upendra.n.singh@nasa.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-778-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9612 AR 961204 DI 10.1117/12.2191023 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0GB UT WOS:000365983400001 ER PT S AU Stephen, M Yu, A Chen, J Nicholson, J Engin, D Mathason, B Wu, S Allan, G Hasselbrack, W Gonzales, B Han, L Numata, K Storm, M Abshire, J AF Stephen, Mark Yu, Anthony Chen, Jeffrey Nicholson, Jeffrey Engin, Doruk Mathason, Brian Wu, Stewart Allan, Graham Hasselbrack, William Gonzales, Brayler Han, Lawrence Numata, Kenji Storm, Mark Abshire, James BE Singh, UN TI Fiber-based, trace-gas, laser transmitter technology development for space SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE fiber laser; lidar; IPDA; remote sensing; space; EDFA AB NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is working on maturing the technology readiness of a laser transmitter designed for use in atmospheric CO2 remote-sensing. GSFC has been developing an airplane-based CO2 lidar instrument over several years to demonstrate the efficacy of the instrumentation and measurement technique and to link the science models to the instrument performance. The ultimate goal is to make space-based satellite measurements with global coverage. In order to accomplish this, we must demonstrate the technology readiness and performance of the components as well as demonstrate the required power-scaling to make the link with the required signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). To date, all the instrument components have been shown to have the required performance with the exception of the laser transmitter. In this program we are working on a fiber-based master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) laser transmitter architecture where we will develop a ruggedized package and perform the relevant environmental tests to demonstrate TRL-6. In this paper we will review our transmitter architecture and progress on the performance and packaging of the laser transmitter. C1 [Stephen, Mark; Yu, Anthony; Chen, Jeffrey; Wu, Stewart; Gonzales, Brayler; Han, Lawrence; Abshire, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nicholson, Jeffrey] OFS Labs, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. [Engin, Doruk; Mathason, Brian; Storm, Mark] Fibertek Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Allan, Graham; Hasselbrack, William] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Numata, Kenji] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stephen, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 550, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mark.a.stephen@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-778-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9612 AR 96120B DI 10.1117/12.2191395 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0GB UT WOS:000365983400006 ER PT S AU Zhang, J Fryauf, DM Leon, JJD Garrett, M Logeeswaran, VJ Islam, SM Kobayashi, NP AF Zhang, Junce Fryauf, David M. Leon, Juan J. Diaz Garrett, Matthew Logeeswaran, V. J. Islam, Saif M. Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. BE Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA Islam, MS Davydov, AV TI Deposition and characterizations of ultrasmooth silver thin films assisted with a germanium wetting layer SO LOW-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; AG; SURFACES; SIO2 AB In this paper, silver thin films deposited on SiO2 substrates with a germanium wetting layer fabricated by electron-beam evaporation were studied. The characterization methods of XTEM, FTIR, XRD and XRR were used to study the structural properties of silver thin films with various thicknesses of germanium layers. Silver films deposited with very thin (1-5nm) germanium wetting layers show about one half of improvement in the crystallite sizes comparing silver films without germanium layer. The surface roughness of silver thin films significantly decrease with a thin germanium wetting layer, reaching a roughness minimum around 1-5nm of germanium, but as the germanium layer thickness increases, the silver thin film surface roughness increases. The relatively higher surface energy of germanium and bond dissociation energy of silver-germanium were introduced to explain the effects the germanium layer made to the silver film deposition. However, due to the Stranski-Krastanov growth mode of germanium layer, germanium island formation started with increased thickness (5-15nm), which leads to a rougher surface of silver films. The demonstrated silver thin films are very promising for large-scale applications as molecular anchors, optical metamaterials, plasmonic devices, and several areas of nanophotonics. C1 [Zhang, Junce; Fryauf, David M.; Leon, Juan J. Diaz; Garrett, Matthew; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Zhang, Junce; Fryauf, David M.; Leon, Juan J. Diaz; Garrett, Matthew; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.] NASA, Adv Studies Labs, Ames Res Ctr, NECTAR, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Logeeswaran, V. J.; Islam, Saif M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-719-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9553 AR 955314 DI 10.1117/12.2189857 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD9WX UT WOS:000365514800023 ER PT S AU Prasad, NS Roychoudhuri, C AF Prasad, Narasimha S. Roychoudhuri, Chandra BE Roychoudhuri, C Kracklauer, A DeRaedt, H TI Tabletop demonstration of Non-Interaction of Photons and Non-Interference of Waves SO NATURE OF LIGHT: WHAT ARE PHOTONS? VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Biennial Conference on Nature of Light - What are Photons? CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE The nature of photons; The NIW property; beam multiplier AB Recently, Non-Interaction of Waves or the NIW property has been proposed as a generic property of all propagating electromagnetic waves by one of the authors (CR). In other words, optical beams do not interact with each other to modify or re-distribute their field energy distribution in the absence of interacting materials. In this paper, path taken to re-create CR's original demonstration of the NIW-property as an on-site tabletop experiment is discussed. Since 1975, when the NIW demonstration was first reported, several advances in lasers and optical component design architecture have occurred. With the goal of using low cost components and having agility in setting up on non-conformable platforms for general viewing, a compact arrangement for demonstrating the NIW property was envisioned. In our experimental arrangement, a beam multiplier element was utilized to generate a set of spatially separate parallel beams out of an incident laser beam. The emerging parallel beams from the beam multiplier element were then focused on a one-sided ground glass, the flat side being towards the beam multiplier. This flat side reflects off all the incident focused beams as fanning out independent laser beams, remaining unperturbed even though they are reflecting out of a common superposed spot. It is clear that there is neither "interference between different photons", nor "a photon interferes with itself", even within a region of superposed beams. In contrast, the ground glass surface (same silica molecules but granular or lumpy) was anticipated to generate a set of crisp spatial fringes on its surface as in the original experiment. The fringes are due to granulated individual silica lumps responding simultaneously to the local resultant E-vectors due to all the superposed beams and are scattering energy proportional to the square modulus of the sum of all the simultaneous dipolar amplitude stimulations. The dark fringe locations imply zero resultant amplitude stimulation and hence no scattering. Due to multi-longitudinal mode nature of laser module, the fringes appeared washed out at the backside of the ground glass plate. Experimental refinements followed by our views on whether the fundamental physics behind the generation of superposition fringes by photo detectors different from those due to a ground glass are briefly discussed. C1 [Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Roychoudhuri, Chandra] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Prasad, NS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM narasimha.s.prasad@nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-736-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9570 AR 95701B DI 10.1117/12.2191014 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BE0CL UT WOS:000365810300035 ER PT S AU Egerman, R Matthews, GW Johnson, M Ferland, A Stahl, HP Eng, R Effinger, MR AF Egerman, Robert Matthews, Gary W. Johnson, Matthew Ferland, Albert Stahl, H. Philip Eng, Ron Effinger, Michael R. BE Fahnle, OW Williamson, R Kim, DW TI Status of the Advanced Mirror Technology Development (AMTD) phase 2, 1.5m ULE (R) mirror SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Manufacturing and Testing XI CY AUG 09-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Lightweight Mirrors; Optical Systems; UV Systems AB The Decadal Survey stated that an advanced large-aperture ultraviolet, optical, near-infrared (UVOIR) telescope is required to enable the next generation of compelling astrophysics and exoplanet science; and, that present technology is not mature enough to affordably build and launch any potential UVOIR mission concept. Under Science and Technology funding, NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Exelis have developed a more cost effective process to make up to 4m monolithic spaceflight UV quality, low areal density, thermally and dynamically stable primary mirrors. Under a Phase I program, a proof of concept mirror was completed at Exelis and tested down to 250K at MSFC which would allow imaging out to 2.5 microns. In 2014, Exelis and NASA started a Phase II program to design and build a 1.5m mirror to demonstrate lateral scalability to a 4m monolithic primary mirror. The current status of the Phase II development program will be provided along with a Phase II program summary. C1 [Egerman, Robert; Matthews, Gary W.; Johnson, Matthew; Ferland, Albert] Harris, New York, NY 10005 USA. [Stahl, H. Philip; Eng, Ron; Effinger, Michael R.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Egerman, R (reprint author), Harris, New York, NY 10005 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-741-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9575 AR 95750L DI 10.1117/12.2188566 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0EB UT WOS:000365891200026 ER PT S AU Matthews, GW Scorse, TR Spina, JA Noel, DM Havey, KA Huguet, JA Whitman, TL Wells, C Walker, CB Lunt, S Hadaway, JB Keski-Kuha, R Feinberg, LD Voyton, MF Lander, JA Marsh, JM AF Matthews, Gary W. Scorse, Thomas R. Spina, John A. Noel, Darin M. Havey, Keith A., Jr. Huguet, Jesse A. Whitman, Tony L. Wells, Conrad Walker, Chanda B. Lunt, Sharon Hadaway, James B. Keski-Kuha, Ritva Feinberg, Lee D. Voyton, Mark F. Lander, Juli A. Marsh, James M. BE Fahnle, OW Williamson, R Kim, DW TI JWST pathfinder telescope risk reduction cryo test program SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Manufacturing and Testing XI CY AUG 09-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE JWST; Telescope; Alignment; Integration; Test AB In 2014, the Optical Ground Support Equipment was integrated into the large cryo vacuum chamber at Johnson Space Center (JSC) and an initial Chamber Commissioning Test was completed. This insured that the support equipment was ready for the three Pathfinder telescope cryo tests. The Pathfinder telescope which consists of two primary mirror segment assemblies and the secondary mirror was delivered to JSC in February 2015 in support of this critical risk reduction test program prior to the flight hardware. This paper will detail the Chamber Commissioning and first optical test of the JWST Pathfinder telescope. C1 [Matthews, Gary W.; Scorse, Thomas R.; Spina, John A.; Noel, Darin M.; Havey, Keith A., Jr.; Huguet, Jesse A.; Whitman, Tony L.; Wells, Conrad; Walker, Chanda B.; Lunt, Sharon] Exelis Inc, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Hadaway, James B.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Keski-Kuha, Ritva; Feinberg, Lee D.; Voyton, Mark F.; Lander, Juli A.; Marsh, James M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Matthews, GW (reprint author), Exelis Inc, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-741-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9575 AR 957505 DI 10.1117/12.2188793 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0EB UT WOS:000365891200003 ER PT S AU Matthews, GW Kennard, SH Broccolo, RT Ellis, JM Daly, EA Hahn, WG Amon, JN Pleasant, SMM Texter, S Atkinson, CB Mckay, A Levi, J Keski-Kuha, R Feinberg, L AF Matthews, Gary W. Kennard, Scott H. Broccolo, Ronald T. Ellis, James M. Daly, Elizabeth A. Hahn, Walter G. Amon, John N. Pleasant, Stephen M. Mt Texter, Scott Atkinson, Charles B. McKay, Andrew Levi, Joshua Keski-Kuha, Ritva Feinberg, Lee BE Fahnle, OW Williamson, R Kim, DW TI JWST Pathfinder Telescope Integration SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Manufacturing and Testing XI CY AUG 09-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE JWST; Telescope; Alignment; Integration; Test AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a 6.5m, segmented, IR telescope that will explore the first light of the universe after the big bang. In 2014, a major risk reduction effort related to the Alignment, Integration, and Test (AI&T) of the segmented telescope was completed. The Pathfinder telescope includes two Primary Mirror Segment Assemblies (PMSA's) and the Secondary Mirror Assembly (SMA) onto a flight-like composite telescope backplane. This pathfinder allowed the JWST team to assess the alignment process and to better understand the various error sources that need to be accommodated in the flight build. The successful completion of the Pathfinder Telescope provides a final integration roadmap for the flight operations that will start in August 2015. C1 [Matthews, Gary W.; Kennard, Scott H.; Broccolo, Ronald T.; Ellis, James M.; Daly, Elizabeth A.; Hahn, Walter G.; Amon, John N.; Pleasant, Stephen M. Mt] Harris, Melbourne, FL 32919 USA. [Texter, Scott; Atkinson, Charles B.; McKay, Andrew; Levi, Joshua] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Keski-Kuha, Ritva; Feinberg, Lee] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Matthews, GW (reprint author), Harris, Melbourne, FL 32919 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-741-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9575 AR 957504 DI 10.1117/12.2188780 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0EB UT WOS:000365891200002 ER PT S AU Stahl, MT AF Stahl, Mark T. BE Fahnle, OW Williamson, R Kim, DW TI Measuring skew in average surface roughness as a function of surface preparation SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Manufacturing and Testing XI CY AUG 09-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE surface roughness; optical metrology; polishing AB Characterizing surface roughness is important for predicting optical performance. Better measurement of surface roughness reduces polishing time, saves money and allows the science requirements to be better defined. This study characterized statistics of average surface roughness as a function of polishing time. Average surface roughness was measured at 81 locations using a Zygo (R) white light interferometer at regular intervals during the polishing process. Each data set was fit to a normal and Largest Extreme Value (LEV) distribution; then tested for goodness of fit. We show that the skew in the average data changes as a function of polishing time. C1 [Stahl, Mark T.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Stahl, MT (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-741-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9575 AR 95750J DI 10.1117/12.2187535 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0EB UT WOS:000365891200025 ER PT S AU Knight, JB AF Knight, J. Brent BE Kahan, MA LevineWest, MB TI AMTD - Advanced Mirror Technology Development In Mechanical Stability SO OPTICAL MODELING AND PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Modeling and Performance Predictions VII CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Analytical tools and processes are being developed at NASA Marshal Space Flight Center in support of the Advanced Mirror Technology Development (AMTD) project. One facet of optical performance is mechanical stability with respect to structural dynamics. Pertinent parameters are: (1) the spacecraft structural design, (2) the mechanical disturbances on-board the spacecraft (sources of vibratory/transient motion such as reaction wheels), (3) the vibration isolation systems (invariably required to meet future science needs), and (4) the dynamic characteristics of the optical system itself. With stability requirements of future large aperture space telescopes being in the lower Pico meter regime, it is paramount that all sources of mechanical excitation be considered in both feasibility studies and detailed analyses. The primary objective of this paper is to lay out a path to perform feasibility studies of future large aperture space telescope projects which require extreme stability. To get to that end, a high level overview of a structural dynamic analysis process to assess an integrated spacecraft and optical system is included. C1 [Knight, J. Brent] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Knight, JB (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-743-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9577 AR 957704 DI 10.1117/12.2189312 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0CG UT WOS:000365757000002 ER PT S AU Gunapala, SD Ting, DZ Rafol, SB Soibel, A Khoshakhlagh, A Hill, CJ Hoglund, L Keo, SA Liu, JK Mumolo, JM Luong, EM Fisher, A AF Gunapala, S. D. Ting, D. Z. Rafol, S. B. Soibel, A. Khoshakhlagh, A. Hill, C. J. Hoeglund, L. Keo, S. A. Liu, J. K. Mumolo, J. M. Luong, E. M. Fisher, A. BE Razeghi, M Temple, DS Brown, GJ TI Superlattice Infrared Photodetector Research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory SO OPTICAL SENSING, IMAGING, AND PHOTON COUNTING: NANOSTRUCTURED DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Photon Counting - Nanostructured Devices and Applications CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Infrared; focal planes; superlattice; long-wave infrared AB III-V semiconductors offer a highly effective platform for the development of sophisticated heterostructure-based MWIR and LWIR detectors, as exemplified by the high-performance double heterstructure (DH) nBn, XBn, and type-II superlattice infrared detectors. A key enabling design element is the unipolar barrier, which is used to implement the complementary barrier infra-red detector (CBIRD) design for increasing the collection efficiency of photogenerated carriers, and reducing dark current generation without impeding photocurrent flow. Heterostructure superlattice detectors that make effective use of unipolar barriers have demonstrated strong reduction of generation-recombination (G-R) dark current due to Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) processes. In the last several years we solely focused on the development of antimonide based IR detectors. Recently, we demonstrated RoA values over 14,000 Ohm cm(2) for a 9.9 mu m cutoff device by incorporating electron-blocking and hole-blocking unipolar barriers. This device has shown 300K BLIP operation with f/2 optics at 87 K with blackbody D* of 1.1x10(11) cm Hz(1/2)/W. C1 [Gunapala, S. D.; Ting, D. Z.; Rafol, S. B.; Soibel, A.; Khoshakhlagh, A.; Hill, C. J.; Hoeglund, L.; Keo, S. A.; Liu, J. K.; Mumolo, J. M.; Luong, E. M.; Fisher, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-721-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9555 AR 955503 DI 10.1117/12.2188724 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD9WU UT WOS:000365514100002 ER PT S AU Arnold, WR AF Arnold, William R., Sr. BE Hatheway, AE TI Evolving design criteria for very large aperture space-based telescopes and their influence on the need for integrated tools in the optimization process SO OPTOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechanical Engineering CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Design criteria; space-based telescopes; AMTD; optimization process AB NASA's Advanced Mirror Technology Development (AMTD) program has been developing the means to design and build the future generations of space based telescopes. With the nearing completion of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the astrophysics community is already starting to define the requirements for follow on observatories. The restrictions of available launch vehicles and the possibilities of planned future vehicles have fueled the competition between monolithic primaries (with better optical quality) and segmented primaries (with larger apertures, but with diffraction, costs and figure control issues). Regardless of the current shroud sizes and lift capacities, these competing architectures share the need for rapid design tools. As part of the AMTD program a number of tools have been developed and tested to speed up the design process. Starting with the Arnold Mirror Modeler (which creates Finite Element Models (FEM) for structural analysis) and now also feeds these models into thermal stability analyses. They share common file formats and interchangeable results. During the development of the program, numerous trade studies were created for 4 meter and 8 meter monolithic primaries, complete with support systems. Evaluation of these results has led to a better understanding of how the specification drives the results. This paper will show some of the early trade studies for typical specification requirements such as lowest mirror bending frequency and suspension system lowest frequency. The results use representative allowable stress values for each mirror substrate material and construction method and generic material properties. These studies lead to some interesting relationships between feasible designs and the realities of actually trying to build these mirrors. Much of the traditional specifications were developed for much smaller systems, where the mass and volume of the primary where a small portion of the overall satellite. JWST shows us that as the aperture grows, the primary takes up the majority of the mass and volume and the established rules need to be adjusted. For example, a small change in lowest frequency requirement can change the cost by millions of dollars. C1 [Arnold, William R., Sr.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Arnold, WR (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-739-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9573 AR UNSP 95730G DI 10.1117/12.2188570 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD9WZ UT WOS:000365519300012 ER PT S AU Arnold, WR AF Arnold, William R., Sr. BE Hatheway, AE TI Recent updates to the Arnold Mirror Modeler and integration into the evolving NASA overall design system for large space-based optical systems SO OPTOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechanical Engineering CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Mirror Modeling; FEA; Large Space-based; Optical Systems AB Since last year, a number of expanded capabilities have been added to the modeler. The support the integration with thermal modeling, the program can now produce simplified thermal models with the same geometric parameters as the more detailed dynamic and even more refined stress models. The local mesh refinement and mesh improvement tools have been expanded and more user friendly. The goal is to provide a means of evaluating both monolithic and segmented mirrors to the same level of fidelity and loading conditions at reasonable man-power efforts. The paper will demonstrate most of these new capabilities. C1 [Arnold, William R., Sr.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Arnold, WR (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-739-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9573 AR UNSP 95730H DI 10.1117/12.2188750 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD9WZ UT WOS:000365519300013 ER PT S AU Hancock, M Sessions, C Lo, C Rajwani, S Kresses, E Bleasdale, C Strohschein, D AF Hancock, Monte Sessions, Chad Lo, Chloe Rajwani, Shakeel Kresses, Elijah Bleasdale, Cheryl Strohschein, Dan BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Stability of a Type of Cross-Cultural Emotion Modeling in Social Media SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA AB Humankind has thousands of years of experience in assessing the emotional context of face-to-face interaction. Written communication has been refined over centuries, and imme-diate voice communication over decades. However, online communication, which tends to be asynchronous and largely empty of conventional social cues, is still emerging as a cultural and cognitive venue. In this paper we present the earliest results of applying our field-theory of "emotional context" to the problem of the cross-cultural online emotion modeling: Can a field-theoretic model developed using data from one culture be applied to online interaction in another? We also present the results of a small empirical study focusing on the methods we used to visualize and model the "emotional context" of a social media corpus. C1 [Hancock, Monte] 4Digital, London, England. [Sessions, Chad; Lo, Chloe; Rajwani, Shakeel; Kresses, Elijah; Bleasdale, Cheryl] Sirius15, Washington, DC USA. [Strohschein, Dan] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Hancock, M (reprint author), 4Digital, London, England. EM practicaldatamining@gmail.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 410 EP 417 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_39 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400039 ER PT S AU Hancock, M Rajwani, S Lo, C Sood, S Kresses, E Bleasdale, C Dunkel, N Do, E Rees, G Steirs, J Romero, C Strohschein, D Powell, K French, R Fedosenko, N Casimir, C AF Hancock, Monte Rajwani, Shakeel Lo, Chloe Sood, Suraj Kresses, Elijah Bleasdale, Cheryl Dunkel, Nathan Do, Elise Rees, Gareth Steirs, Jared Romero, Christopher Strohschein, Dan Powell, Keith French, Rob Fedosenko, Nicholas Casimir, Chris BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Field-Theoretic Modeling Method for Emotional Context in Social Media: Theory and Case Study SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA AB Just as masses and charges give rise to gravitational and electric fields, the online behaviors of individuals engaged in online social discourse give rise to an "emotional context" that conditions, and is conditioned by, these behaviors. Using Information Geometry and Unsupervised Learning, we have formulated a mathematical field theory for modeling online emotional context. This theory has been used to create a soft-ware application, Sirius15, that infers, characterizes, and visualizes the field structure ("emotional context") arising from this discourse. A mathematical approach is presented to social media modeling that enables automated characterization and analysis of the emotional context associated with social media interactions. The results of a small, preliminary case study carried out by our team are presented. C1 [Hancock, Monte] NASA, 4Digital, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Rajwani, Shakeel; Lo, Chloe; Sood, Suraj; Kresses, Elijah; Bleasdale, Cheryl; Dunkel, Nathan; Do, Elise; Rees, Gareth; Steirs, Jared; Romero, Christopher; Powell, Keith; French, Rob; Fedosenko, Nicholas; Casimir, Chris] NASA, Sirius15, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Strohschein, Dan] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Hancock, M (reprint author), NASA, 4Digital, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM mfhancock@aol.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 418 EP 425 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_40 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400040 ER PT J AU Hathaway, DH AF Hathaway, David H. TI The Solar Cycle SO LIVING REVIEWS IN SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Solar activity; Solar cycle; Solar cycle prediction; Sunspots ID BIPOLAR MAGNETIC REGIONS; EPHEMERAL ACTIVE REGIONS; MICHELSON DOPPLER IMAGER; PHASE COHERENCE ANALYSIS; FLUX-TRANSPORT DYNAMO; NORTH-SOUTH ASYMMETRY; GROUP SUNSPOT NUMBERS; WHITE-LIGHT IMAGES; AXIAL TILT ANGLES; MERIDIONAL FLOW AB The solar cycle is reviewed. The 11-year cycle of solar activity is characterized by the rise and fall in the numbers and surface area of sunspots. A number of other solar activity indicators also vary in association with the sunspots including; the 10.7 cm radio flux, the total solar irradiance, the magnetic field, flares and coronal mass ejections, geomagnetic activity, galactic cosmic ray fluxes, and radioisotopes in tree rings and ice cores. Individual solar cycles are characterized by their maxima and minima, cycle periods and amplitudes, cycle shape, the equatorward drift of the active latitudes, hemispheric asymmetries, and active longitudes. Cycle-to-cycle variability includes the Maunder Minimum, the Gleissberg Cycle, and the Gnevyshev-Ohl (even-odd) Rule. Short-term variability includes the 154-day periodicity, quasi-biennial variations, and double-peaked maxima. We conclude with an examination of prediction techniques for the solar cycle and a closer look at cycles 23 and 24. C1 [Hathaway, David H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hathaway, DH (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 258-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM david.hathaway@nasa.gov NR 233 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 12 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1614-4961 J9 LIVING REV SOL PHYS JI Living Rev. Sol. Phys. PY 2015 VL 12 IS 4 AR 4 DI 10.1007/lrsp-2015-4 PG 87 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW8QJ UT WOS:000365264000001 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Multivariable Calculus SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 1 EP 63 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 63 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500002 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Mathematical Methods in Engineering Preface SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP XIII EP + D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500001 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Vectors and Tensors in Cartesian Coordinates SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 64 EP 114 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 51 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500003 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 115 EP 145 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 31 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500004 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Linear Ordinary Differential Equations SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 146 EP 218 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 73 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500005 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Approximation Methods SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 219 EP 278 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 60 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500006 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Linear Analysis SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 279 EP 389 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 111 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500007 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Linear Algebra SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 390 EP 479 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 90 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500008 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Linear Integral Equations SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 480 EP 496 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500009 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Dynamical Systems SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 497 EP 583 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 87 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500010 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Mathematical Methods in Engineering SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 585 EP 601 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500011 ER PT B AU Gong, XB Wang, XQ Cole, V Jones, Z Cooper, K Chou, K AF Gong, Xibing Wang, Xiaoqing Cole, Vernon Jones, Zachary Cooper, Kenneth Chou, Kevin GP ASME TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF INCONEL 718 FROM SELECTIVE LASER MELTING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (MSEC2015) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Mfg Engn Div DE Selective laser melting (SLM); Inconel 718 alloy; Microstructure; Mechanical Properties ID COOLING RATE; BEHAVIOR; TI-6AL-4V; ALLOY; ZONE AB In this study, the microstructures and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 fabricated from selective laser melting (SLM) process were experimentally investigated. Specimens with different build heights were prepared for microstructural observations by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope. The texture evolution was also examined using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). In general, columnar dendrites are found along the build direction from the X-plane (side surface), while the microstructure of Z-plane (scanning surface) is characterized by equiaxed grains. The microstructures vary along the build height: the top layers present coarse columnar dendrites while the bottom layers show much narrower columnar dendrites owing to a higher cooling rate. The top layers also present the combination of a gamma matrix and a higher percentage of the Laves phase, while the bottom layers show a much less Laves phase due to, again, a higher cooling rate. Random textures are shown for the SLM Inconel 718 samples. Nanoindentation tests identify the Young's modulus and hardness of about 200 GPa and 7 GPa, respectivley. C1 [Gong, Xibing; Wang, Xiaoqing; Chou, Kevin] Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Cole, Vernon] CFD Res Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Jones, Zachary; Cooper, Kenneth] Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Adv Mfg Technol Team, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Gong, XB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5682-6 PY 2015 AR V001T02A061 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD9RI UT WOS:000365146800061 ER PT S AU Dutle, AM Munoz, CA Narkawicz, AJ Butler, RW AF Dutle, Aaron M. Munoz, Cesar A. Narkawicz, Anthony J. Butler, Ricky W. BE Blanchette, JC Kosmatov, N TI Software Validation via Model Animation SO TESTS AND PROOFS, TAP 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Tests and Proofs (TAP) Held as Part of Conference on Software Technologies - Applications and Foundations (STAF) CY JUL 22-24, 2015 CL Univ LAquila, LAquila, ITALY SP CEA LIST, Chair Software Engn ETH Zurich HO Univ LAquila ID VERIFICATION AB This paper explores a new approach to validating software implementations that have been produced from formally-verified algorithms. Although visual inspection gives some confidence that the implementations faithfully reflect the formal models, it does not provide complete assurance that the software is correct. The proposed approach, which is based on animation of formal specifications, compares the outputs computed by the software implementations on a given suite of input values to the outputs computed by the formal models on the same inputs, and determines if they are equal up to a given tolerance. The approach is illustrated on a prototype air traffic management system that computes simple kinematic trajectories for aircraft. Proofs for the mathematical models of the system's algorithms are carried out in the Prototype Verification System (PVS). The animation tool PVSio is used to evaluate the formal models on a set of randomly generated test cases. Output values computed by PVSio are compared against output values computed by the actual software. This comparison improves the assurance that the translation from formal models to code is faithful and that, for example, floating point errors do not greatly affect correctness and safety properties. C1 [Dutle, Aaron M.; Munoz, Cesar A.; Narkawicz, Anthony J.; Butler, Ricky W.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Dutle, AM (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM aaron.m.dutle@nasa.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-21215-9; 978-3-319-21214-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9154 BP 92 EP 108 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-21215-9_6 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD9NX UT WOS:000364990100009 ER PT J AU Perlwitz, JP Garcia-Pando, CP Miller, RL AF Perlwitz, J. P. Garcia-Pando, C. Perez Miller, R. L. TI Predicting the mineral composition of dust aerosols - Part 1: Representing key processes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; THRESHOLD FRICTION VELOCITY; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; WATER-HOLDING CAPACITIES; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; IRON SOLUBILITY; SAHARAN DUST; WIND EROSION; ASIAN DUST AB Soil dust aerosols created by wind erosion are typically assigned globally uniform physical and chemical properties within Earth system models, despite known regional variations in the mineral content of the parent soil. Mineral composition of the aerosol particles is important to their interaction with climate, including shortwave absorption and radiative forcing, nucleation of cloud droplets and ice crystals, heterogeneous formation of sulfates and nitrates, and atmospheric processing of iron into bioavailable forms that increase the productivity of marine phytoplankton. Here, aerosol mineral composition is derived by extending a method that provides the composition of a wet-sieved soil. The extension accounts for measurements showing significant differences between the mineral fractions of the wet-sieved soil and the emitted aerosol concentration. For example, some phyllosilicate aerosols are more prevalent at silt sizes, even though they are nearly absent at these diameters in a soil whose aggregates are dispersed by wet sieving. We calculate the emitted mass of each mineral with respect to size by accounting for the disintegration of soil aggregates during wet sieving. These aggregates are emitted during mobilization and fragmentation of the original undispersed soil that is subject to wind erosion. The emitted aggregates are carried far downwind from their parent soil. The soil mineral fractions used to calculate the aggregates also include larger particles that are suspended only in the vicinity of the source. We calculate the emitted size distribution of these particles using a normalized distribution derived from aerosol measurements. In addition, a method is proposed for mixing minerals with small impurities composed of iron oxides. These mixtures are important for transporting iron far from the dust source, because pure iron oxides are more dense and vulnerable to gravitational removal than most minerals comprising dust aerosols. A limited comparison to measurements from North Africa shows that the model extensions result in better agreement, consistent with a more extensive comparison to global observations as well as measurements of elemental composition downwind of the Sahara, as described in companion articles. C1 [Perlwitz, J. P.; Garcia-Pando, C. Perez; Miller, R. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Perlwitz, J. P.; Garcia-Pando, C. Perez; Miller, R. L.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Perlwitz, JP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jan.p.perlwitz@nasa.gov RI Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; OI Perlwitz, Jan P/0000-0003-3634-8941; Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos/0000-0002-4456-0697 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-01-24258]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0006713]; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program; Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain through POLLINDUST project [CGL2011-26259]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center FX We thank Paul Ginoux, Konrad Kandler, Natalie Mahowald, Sergio Rodriguez and Rachel Scanza for helpful conversations. This article was improved by the thoughtful comments of Yves Balkanski, Jasper Kok and two additional reviewers. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (ATM-01-24258), the Department of Energy (DE-SC0006713), the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain through the POLLINDUST project (CGL2011-26259). NCEP Reanalysis winds were provided by the Physical Sciences Division at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory via http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Computational resources were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. The emitted mineral fractions for the AMF method at native resolution of 5' x 5' latitude by longitude are available at the website of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies:http://data.giss.nasa.gov/mineralfrac/. NR 124 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 20 BP 11593 EP 11627 DI 10.5194/acp-15-11593-2015 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NE UT WOS:000364316800010 ER PT J AU Perlwitz, JP Garcia-Pando, CP Miller, RL AF Perlwitz, J. P. Garcia-Pando, C. Perez Miller, R. L. TI Predicting the mineral composition of dust aerosols - Part 2: Model evaluation and identification of key processes with observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; AIRBORNE DUST; SAHARAN DUST; ATMOSPHERIC DUSTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MASS CONCENTRATION; IBERIAN PENINSULA; GODDARD-INSTITUTE; HARMATTAN DUST AB A global compilation of nearly sixty measurement studies is used to evaluate two methods of simulating the mineral composition of dust aerosols in an Earth system model. Both methods are based upon a Mean Mineralogical Table (MMT) that relates the soil mineral fractions to a global atlas of arid soil type. The Soil Mineral Fraction (SMF) method assumes that the aerosol mineral fractions match the fractions of the soil. The MMT is based upon soil measurements after wet sieving, a process that destroys aggregates of soil particles that would have been emitted from the original, undisturbed soil. The second method approximately reconstructs the emitted aggregates. This model is referred to as the Aerosol Mineral Fraction (AMF) method because the mineral fractions of the aerosols differ from those of the wet-sieved parent soil, partly due to reaggregation. The AMF method remedies some of the deficiencies of the SMF method in comparison to observations. Only the AMF method exhibits phyllosilicate mass at silt sizes, where they are abundant according to observations. In addition, the AMF quartz fraction of silt particles is in better agreement with measured values, in contrast to the overestimated SMF fraction. Measurements at distinct clay and silt particle sizes are shown to be more useful for evaluation of the models, in contrast to the sum over all particles sizes that is susceptible to compensating errors, as illustrated by the SMF experiment. Model errors suggest that allocation of the emitted silt fraction of each mineral into the corresponding transported size categories is an important remaining source of uncertainty. Evaluation of both models and the MMT is hindered by the limited number of size-resolved measurements of mineral content that sparsely sample aerosols from the major dust sources. The importance of climate processes dependent upon aerosol mineral composition shows the need for global and routine mineral measurements. C1 [Perlwitz, J. P.; Garcia-Pando, C. Perez; Miller, R. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Perlwitz, J. P.; Garcia-Pando, C. Perez; Miller, R. L.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Perlwitz, JP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jan.p.perlwitz@nasa.gov RI Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; OI Perlwitz, Jan P/0000-0003-3634-8941; Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos/0000-0002-4456-0697 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-01-24258]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0006713]; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program; Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain through POLLINDUST [CGL2011-26259]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center FX We thank Paul Ginoux, Konrad Kandler, Jasper Kok, Natalie Mahowald, Sergio Rodriguez, Rachel Scanza and Yves Balkanski for helpful conversations. This article was improved by the thoughtful comments of the reviewers. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (ATM-01-24258), the Department of Energy (DE-SC0006713), the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain through the POLLINDUST (CGL2011-26259). NCEP Reanalysis winds were provided by the Physical Sciences Division at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory via http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Computational resources were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 112 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 20 BP 11629 EP 11652 DI 10.5194/acp-15-11629-2015 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NE UT WOS:000364316800011 ER PT J AU Fridlind, AM Ackerman, AS Grandin, A Dezitter, F Weber, M Strapp, JW Korolev, AV Williams, CR AF Fridlind, A. M. Ackerman, A. S. Grandin, A. Dezitter, F. Weber, M. Strapp, J. W. Korolev, A. V. Williams, C. R. TI High ice water content at low radar reflectivity near deep convection - Part 1: Consistency of in situ and remote-sensing observations with stratiform rain column simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 1985 SQUALL LINE; MICROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; FALL SPEEDS; WARM POOL; TWP-ICE; ANVIL; THUNDERSTORM; PARTICLES; CLOUDS AB Occurrences of jet engine power loss and damage have been associated with flight through fully glaciated deep convection at -10 to -50 degrees C. Power loss events commonly occur during flight through radar reflectivity (Z(e)) less than 20-30 dBZ and no more than moderate turbulence, often overlying moderate to heavy rain near the surface. During 2010-2012, Airbus carried out flight tests seeking to characterize the highest ice water content (IWC) in such low-Z(e) regions of large, cold-topped storm systems in the vicinity of Cayenne, Darwin, and Santiago. Within the highest IWC regions encountered, at typical sampling elevations (circa 11 km), the measured ice size distributions exhibit a notably narrow concentration of mass over area-equivalent diameters of 100-500 mu m. Given substantial and poorly quantified measurement uncertainties, here we evaluate the consistency of the Airbus in situ measurements with ground-based profiling radar observations obtained under quasi-steady, heavy stratiform rain conditions in one of the Airbus-sampled locations. We find that profiler-observed radar reflectivities and mean Doppler velocities at Airbus sampling temperatures are generally consistent with those calculated from in situ size-distribution measurements. We also find that column simulations using the in situ size distributions as an upper boundary condition are generally consistent with observed profiles of Z(e), mean Doppler velocity (MDV), and retrieved rain rate. The results of these consistency checks motivate an examination of the microphysical pathways that could be responsible for the observed size-distribution features in Ackerman et al. (2015). C1 [Fridlind, A. M.; Ackerman, A. S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Grandin, A.; Dezitter, F.; Weber, M.] Airbus Operat SAS, F-31060 Toulouse 03, France. [Strapp, J. W.] Met Analyt Inc, Aurora, ON, Canada. [Korolev, A. V.] Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Williams, C. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, C. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fridlind, AM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ann.fridlind@nasa.gov RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; NASA Aviation Safety Program's Atmospheric Environment Safety Technologies Project FX TWP-ICE soundings and S-band radar data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. C-POL radar measurements and retrieval products were supplied by Peter May, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Australian Bureau of Meteorology. The authors thank Thomas Ratvasky and Ron Colantonio for logistical and programmatic assistance, and Jeanne Mason and Matthew Grzych for valuable discussion. This work was supported by the NASA Aviation Safety Program's Atmospheric Environment Safety Technologies Project. We thank Airbus for providing their data to support this research. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 20 BP 11713 EP 11728 DI 10.5194/acp-15-11713-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NE UT WOS:000364316800016 ER PT J AU Ackerman, AS Fridlind, AM Grandin, A Dezitter, F Weber, M Strapp, JW Korolev, AV AF Ackerman, A. S. Fridlind, A. M. Grandin, A. Dezitter, F. Weber, M. Strapp, J. W. Korolev, A. V. TI High ice water content at low radar reflectivity near deep convection - Part 2: Evaluation of microphysical pathways in updraft parcel simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY; FRAGMENT SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; WARM POOL; PRECIPITATION DEVELOPMENT; COALESCENCE EFFICIENCIES; MODEL DESCRIPTION; CUMULUS CLOUDS; FALL SPEED; PARTICLES AB The aeronautics industry has established that a threat to aircraft is posed by atmospheric conditions of substantial ice water content (IWC) where equivalent radar reflectivity (Z(e)) does not exceed 20-30 dBZ and supercooled water is not present; these conditions are encountered almost exclusively in the vicinity of deep convection. Part 1 (Fridlind et al., 2015) of this two-part study presents in situ measurements of such conditions sampled by Airbus in three tropical regions, commonly near 11 km and 43 degrees C, and concludes that the measured ice particle size distributions are broadly consistent with past literature with profiling radar measurements of Z(e) and mean Doppler velocity obtained within monsoonal deep convection in one of the regions sampled. In all three regions, the Airbus measurements generally indicate variable IWC that often exceeds 2 gm 3 with relatively uniform mass median area-equivalent diameter (MMDeq) of 200-300 mu m. Here we use a parcel model with size-resolved microphysics to investigate microphysical pathways that could lead to such conditions. Our simulations indicate that homogeneous freezing of water drops produces a much smaller ice MMDeq than observed, and occurs only in the absence of hydrometeor gravitational collection for the conditions considered. Development of a mass mode of ice aloft that overlaps with the measurements requires a substantial source of small ice particles at temperatures of about 10 degrees C or warmer, which subsequently grow from water vapor. One conceivable source in our simulation framework is Hallett-Mossop ice production; another is abundant concentrations of heterogeneous ice freezing nuclei acting together with copious shattering of water drops upon freezing. Regardless of the production mechanism, the dominant mass modal diameter of vapor-grown ice is reduced as the ice-multiplication source strength increases and as competition for water vapor increases. Both mass and modal diameter are reduced by entrainment and by increasing aerosol concentrations. Weaker updrafts lead to greater mass and larger modal diameters of vapor-grown ice, the opposite of expectations regarding lofting of larger ice particles in stronger updrafts. While stronger updrafts do loft more dense ice particles produced primarily by raindrop freezing, we find that weaker updrafts allow the warm rain process to reduce competition for diffusional growth of the less dense ice expected to persist in convective outflow. C1 [Ackerman, A. S.; Fridlind, A. M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Grandin, A.; Dezitter, F.; Weber, M.] Airbus Operat SAS, F-31060 Toulouse 9, France. [Strapp, J. W.] Met Analyt Inc, Aurora, ON, Canada. [Korolev, A. V.] Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Ackerman, AS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM andrew.ackerman@nasa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; NASA Aviation Safety Program's Atmospheric Environment Safety Technologies Project FX TWP-ICE soundings and S-band radar data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. C-POL radar measurements and retrieval products were supplied by Peter May, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Australian Bureau of Meteorology. The authors thank Thomas Ratvasky and Renato Colantonio for logistical and programmatic assistance, and Jeanne Mason, Matthew Grzych, Alain Protat, and Alfons Schwarzenbock for valuable discussions and Airbus for providing their flight-test measurements. This work was supported by the NASA Aviation Safety Program's Atmospheric Environment Safety Technologies Project. NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 20 BP 11729 EP 11751 DI 10.5194/acp-15-11729-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NE UT WOS:000364316800017 ER PT J AU Deng, F Jones, DBA Walker, TW Keller, M Bowman, KW Henze, DK Nassar, R Kort, EA Wofsy, SC Walker, KA Bourassa, AE Degenstein, DA AF Deng, F. Jones, D. B. A. Walker, T. W. Keller, M. Bowman, K. W. Henze, D. K. Nassar, R. Kort, E. A. Wofsy, S. C. Walker, K. A. Bourassa, A. E. Degenstein, D. A. TI Sensitivity analysis of the potential impact of discrepancies in stratosphere-troposphere exchange on inferred sources and sinks of CO2 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UPDATED EMISSIONS; VERTICAL PROFILES; REGIONAL CO2; GLOBAL CO2; GEOS-CHEM; IN-SITU; ACE-FTS; PART 1; MODEL AB The upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) represents a transition region between the more dynamically active troposphere and more stably stratified stratosphere. The region is characterized by strong gradients in the distribution of long-lived tracers, whose representation in models is sensitive to discrepancies in transport. We evaluate the GEOS-Chem model in the UTLS using carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O-3) observations from the HIAPER (The High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research) Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaign in March 2010. GEOS-Chem CO2/O-3 correlation suggests that there is a discrepancy in mixing across the tropopause in the model, which results in an overestimate of CO2 and an underestimate of O-3 in the Arctic lower stratosphere. We assimilate stratospheric O-3 data from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) and use the assimilated O-3 fields together with the HIPPO CO2/O-3 correlations to obtain an adjustment to the modeled CO2 profile in the Arctic UTLS (primarily between the 320 and 360K isentropic surfaces). The HIPPO-derived adjustment corresponds to a sink of 0.60 Pg C for March-August 2010 in the Arctic. Imposing this adjustment results in a reduction in the CO2 sinks inferred from GOSAT observations for temperate North America, Europe, and tropical Asia of 19, 13, and 49 %, respectively. Conversely, the inversion increased the source of CO2 from tropical South America by 23 %. We find that the model also underestimates CO2 in the upper tropical and subtropical troposphere. Correcting for the underestimate in the model relative to HIPPO in the tropical upper troposphere leads to a reduction in the source from tropical South America by 77 %, and produces an estimated sink for tropical Asia that is only 19% larger than the standard inversion (without the imposed source and sink). Globally, the inversion with the Arctic and tropical adjustment produces a sink of -6.64 Pg C, which is consistent with the estimate of -6.65 Pg C in the standard inversion. However, the standard inversion produces a stronger northern land sink by 0.98 Pg C to account for the CO2 overestimate in the high-latitude UTLS, suggesting that this UTLS discrepancy can impact the latitudinal distribution of the inferred sources and sinks. We find that doubling the model resolution from 4 degrees x 5 degrees to 2 degrees x 2.5 degrees enhances the CO2 vertical gradient in the high-latitude UTLS, and reduces the overestimate in CO2 in the extratropical lower stratosphere. Our results illustrate that discrepancies in the CO2 distribution in the UTLS can affect CO2 flux inversions and suggest the need for more careful evaluation of model errors in the UTLS. C1 [Deng, F.; Jones, D. B. A.; Walker, T. W.; Keller, M.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Jones, D. B. A.; Bowman, K. W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Henze, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nassar, R.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kort, E. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bourassa, A. E.; Degenstein, D. A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RP Deng, F (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM dengf@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611; Deng, Feng/0000-0002-1381-0243 FU Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NASA Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) program [NNX10AT42G]; Sweden (SNSB); Canada (CSA); France (CNES); Finland (Tekes); NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center FX This work was funded by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the NASA Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) program (grant number NNX10AT42G). The GOSAT data were produced by the ACOS/OCO-2 project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and obtained from the ACOS/OCO-2 data archive maintained at the NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the CSA and NSERC. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by Sweden (SNSB), Canada (CSA), France (CNES), and Finland (Tekes). We thank the two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 20 BP 11773 EP 11788 DI 10.5194/acp-15-11773-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NE UT WOS:000364316800019 ER PT J AU Strode, SA Duncan, BN Yegorova, EA Kouatchou, J Ziemke, JR Douglass, AR AF Strode, S. A. Duncan, B. N. Yegorova, E. A. Kouatchou, J. Ziemke, J. R. Douglass, A. R. TI Implications of carbon monoxide bias for methane lifetime and atmospheric composition in chemistry climate models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; BIOMASS BURNING POLLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; WARMING POTENTIALS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; TRANSPORT MODEL; CO; EMISSIONS; ASSIMILATION; NOX AB A low bias in carbon monoxide (CO) at northern high and mid-latitudes is a common feature of chemistry climate models (CCMs) that may indicate or contribute to a high bias in simulated OH and corresponding low bias in methane lifetime. We use simulations with CO tagged by source type to investigate the sensitivity of the CO bias to CO emissions, transport, global mean OH, and the hemispheric asymmetry of OH. We also investigate how each of these possible contributors to the CO bias affects the methane lifetime. We find that the use of specified meteorology alters the distribution of CO compared to a free-running CCM simulation, improving the comparison with surface observations in summer. Our results also show that reducing the hemispheric asymmetry of OH improves the agreement of simulated CO with observations. We use simulations with parameterized OH to quantify the impact of known model biases on simulated OH. Removing biases in ozone and water vapor as well as reducing Northern Hemisphere NOx does not remove the hemispheric asymmetry in OH, but it reduces global mean OH by 18%, bringing the simulated methane lifetime into agreement with observation-based estimates. C1 [Strode, S. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Strode, S. A.; Duncan, B. N.; Yegorova, E. A.; Kouatchou, J.; Ziemke, J. R.; Douglass, A. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yegorova, E. A.] Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Kouatchou, J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Ziemke, J. R.] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. RP Strode, SA (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. EM sarah.a.strode@nasa.gov RI Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Koutachou, Jules/D-4773-2016; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012 OI Koutachou, Jules/0000-0002-5525-9875; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663 FU NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program FX Support for this work comes from NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program. Computing resources were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 20 BP 11789 EP 11805 DI 10.5194/acp-15-11789-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NE UT WOS:000364316800020 ER PT J AU Sun, W Baize, RR Videen, G Hu, Y Fu, Q AF Sun, W. Baize, R. R. Videen, G. Hu, Y. Fu, Q. TI A method to retrieve super-thin cloud optical depth over ocean background with polarized sunlight SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; TROPICAL CIRRUS; CALIPSO LIDAR; MODIS DATA; CLEAR-SKY; CALIBRATION; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; RADIATION AB In this work, an algorithm that uses the polarization angle of the backscattered solar radiation to detect clouds with optical depth (OD) < similar to 0.3 is further developed. We find that at viewing angles within +/- similar to 8 degrees around the backscattering direction, the p-polarized intensity that is parallel to the meridian plane of reflected light from the surface is sensitive to, and nearly linearly related to, the optical depth of super-thin clouds. Moreover, our sensitivity study suggests that the p-polarized intensity at these viewing angles is not sensitive to the ocean surface conditions. Using this property of p-polarized intensity, super-thin clouds' optical depth can be retrieved. C1 [Sun, W.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Baize, R. R.; Hu, Y.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Videen, G.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Videen, G.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Fu, Q.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sun, W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Sun, W (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 FU NASA Glory fund [09-GLORY09-0027]; NASA CLARREO mission FX This work was supported by NASA Glory fund 09-GLORY09-0027. The authors thank Michael I. Mishchenko and Hal B. Maring for this support. Wenbo Sun also thanks Bruce A. Wielicki for helpful discussions and the support from NASA CLARREO mission for this work. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 20 BP 11909 EP 11918 DI 10.5194/acp-15-11909-2015 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NE UT WOS:000364316800025 ER PT J AU Kang, HJ Yoo, JM Jeong, MJ Won, YI AF Kang, H. -J. Yoo, J. -M. Jeong, M. -J. Won, Y. -I. TI Uncertainties of satellite-derived surface skin temperatures in the polar oceans: MODIS, AIRS/AMSU, and AIRS only SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CLOUDY ATMOSPHERES; VALIDATION; VARIABILITY; RETRIEVALS; REANALYSIS; PRODUCTS; EXTENT; COVER; SPACE; SNOW AB Uncertainties in the satellite-derived surface skin temperature (SST) data in the polar oceans during two periods (16-24 April and 15-23 September) 2003-2014 were investigated and the three data sets were intercompared as follows: MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Ice Surface Temperature (MODIS IST), the SST of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AIRS/AMSU), and AIRS only. The AIRS only algorithm was developed in preparation for the degradation of the AMSU-A. MODIS IST was systematically warmer up to 1.65 K at the sea ice boundary and colder down to -2.04 K in the polar sea ice regions of both the Arctic and Antarctic than that of the AIRS/AMSU. This difference in the results could have been caused by the surface classification method. The spatial correlation coefficient of the AIRS only to the AIRS/AMSU (0.992-0.999) method was greater than that of the MODIS IST to the AIRS/AMSU (0.968-0.994). The SST of the AIRS only compared to that of the AIRS/AMSU had a bias of 0.168 K with a RMSE of 0.590 K over the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes and a bias of 0.109 K with a RMSE of 0.852 K over the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes. There was a systematic disagreement between the AIRS retrievals at the boundary of the sea ice, because the AIRS only algorithm utilized a less accurate GCM forecast over the seasonally varying frozen oceans than the microwave data. The three data sets (MODIS, AIRS/AMSU and AIRS only) showed significant warming rates (2.3 +/- 1.7 similar to 2.8 +/- 1.9 K decade(-1)) in the northern high regions (70-80 degrees N) as expected from the ice-albedo feedback. The systematic temperature disagreement associated with surface type classification had an impact on the resulting temperature trends. C1 [Kang, H. -J.] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci & Engn, Seoul 120750, South Korea. [Yoo, J. -M.] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Sci Educ, Seoul 120750, South Korea. [Jeong, M. -J.] Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. [Won, Y. -I.] NASA, Wyle ST&E, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Yoo, JM (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Sci Educ, Seoul 120750, South Korea. EM yjm@ewha.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean Government (MSIP) [2009-0083527]; Korean Ministry of Environment as Eco-technopia 21 project [2012000160003] FX This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIP) (No. 2009-0083527) and the Korean Ministry of Environment as the Eco-technopia 21 project (No. 2012000160003). We thank Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information and Services Center for AIRS/AMSU data, and NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center for MODIS IST data. We also thank Bob Iacovazzi Jr., J. M. Blaisdell, and C.-Y. Liu for their constructive comments. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4025 EP 4041 DI 10.5194/amt-8-4025-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NM UT WOS:000364317600004 ER PT J AU Hewson, W Barkley, MP Abad, GG Bosch, H Kurosu, T Spurr, R Tilstra, LG AF Hewson, W. Barkley, M. P. Abad, G. Gonzalez Boesch, H. Kurosu, T. Spurr, R. Tilstra, L. G. TI Development and characterisation of a state-of-the-art GOME-2 formaldehyde air-mass factor algorithm SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; SURFACE REFLECTANCE ANISOTROPY; TROPOSPHERIC NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; BAND CLOUD RETRIEVAL; NO2 COLUMN RETRIEVAL; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ORGANIC NITRATES AB Space-borne observations of formaldehyde (HCHO) are frequently used to derive surface emissions of isoprene, an important biogenic volatile organic compound. The conversion of retrieved HCHO slant column concentrations from satellite line-of-sight measurements to vertical columns is determined through application of an air mass factor (AMF), accounting for instrument viewing geometry, radiative transfer, and vertical profile of the absorber in the atmosphere. This step in the trace gas retrieval is subject to large errors. This work presents the AMF algorithm in use at the University of Leicester (UoL), which introduces scene-specific variables into a per-observation full radiative transfer AMF calculation, including increasing spatial resolution of key environmental parameter databases, input variable area weighting, instrument-specific scattering weight calculation, and inclusion of an ozone vertical profile climatology. Application of these updates to HCHO slant columns from the GOME-2 instrument is shown to typically adjust the AMF by +/- 20 %, compared to a reference algorithm without these advanced parameterisations. On average the GOME-2 AMFs increase by 4 %, with over 70% of locations having an AMF of 0-20% larger than originally, largely resulting from the use of the latest GOME-2 reflectance product. Furthermore, the new UoL algorithm also incorporates a full radiative transfer error calculation for each scene to help characterise AMF uncertainties. Global median AMF errors are typically 50-60 %, and are driven by uncertainties in the HCHO profile shape and its vertical distribution relative to clouds and aerosols. If uncertainty on the a priori HCHO profile is relatively small (< 10 %) then the median AMF total error decreases to about 30-40 %. C1 [Hewson, W.; Barkley, M. P.; Boesch, H.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, EOS Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Abad, G. Gonzalez] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kurosu, T.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Spurr, R.] RT Solut Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Tilstra, L. G.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. RP Barkley, MP (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, EOS Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM mpb14@le.ac.uk RI Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; OI Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480 FU UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/G523763/1, NE/GE013810/2, NE/D001471] FX This work was supported by the UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) (grants NE/G523763/1, NE/GE013810/2 and NE/D001471). NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4055 EP 4074 DI 10.5194/amt-8-4055-2015 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NM UT WOS:000364317600006 ER PT J AU Levy, RC Munchak, LA Mattoo, S Patadia, F Remer, LA Holz, RE AF Levy, R. C. Munchak, L. A. Mattoo, S. Patadia, F. Remer, L. A. Holz, R. E. TI Towards a long-term global aerosol optical depth record: applying a consistent aerosol retrieval algorithm to MODIS and VIIRS-observed reflectance SO Atmospheric Measurement Techniques LA English DT Article ID ON-ORBIT PERFORMANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CLOUD MASK; S-NPP; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SPECTRAL RADIANCES; DATA-ASSIMILATION; LAND SURFACES; WATER-VAPOR; SATELLITE AB To answer fundamental questions about aerosols in our changing climate, we must quantify both the current state of aerosols and how they are changing. Although NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors have provided quantitative information about global aerosol optical depth (AOD) for more than a decade, this period is still too short to create an aerosol climate data record (CDR). The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) was launched on the Suomi-NPP satellite in late 2011, with additional copies planned for future satellites. Can the MODIS aerosol data record be continued with VIIRS to create a consistent CDR? When compared to ground-based AERONET data, the VIIRS Environmental Data Record (V_EDR) has similar validation statistics as the MODIS Collection 6 (M_C6) product. However, the V_EDR and M_C6 are offset in regards to global AOD magnitudes, and tend to provide different maps of 0.55 mu m AOD and 0.55/0.86 mu m-based Angstrom Exponent (AE). One reason is that the retrieval algorithms are different. Using the Intermediate File Format (IFF) for both MODIS and VIIRS data, we have tested whether we can apply a single MODIS-like (ML) dark-target algorithm on both sensors that leads to product convergence. Except for catering the radiative transfer and aerosol lookup tables to each sensor's specific wavelength bands, the ML algorithm is the same for both. We run the ML algorithm on both sensors between March 2012 and May 2014, and compare monthly mean AOD time series with each other and with M_C6 and V_EDR products. Focusing on the March-April-May (MAM) 2013 period, we compared additional statistics that include global and gridded 1 degrees x 1 degrees AOD and AE, histograms, sampling frequencies, and collocations with ground-based AERONET. Over land, use of the ML algorithm clearly reduces the differences between the MODIS and VIIRS-based AOD. However, although global offsets are near zero, some regional biases remain, especially in cloud fields and over brighter surface targets. Over ocean, use of the ML algorithm actually increases the offset between VIIRS and MODIS-based AOD (to similar to 0.025), while reducing the differences between AE. We characterize algorithm retrievability through statistics of retrieval fraction. In spite of differences between retrieved AOD magnitudes, the ML algorithm will lead to similar decisions about "whether to retrieve" on each sensor. Finally, we discuss how issues of calibration, as well as instrument spatial resolution may be contributing to the statistics and the ability to create a consistent MODIS -> VIIRS aerosol CDR. C1 [Levy, R. C.; Munchak, L. A.; Mattoo, S.; Patadia, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Munchak, L. A.; Mattoo, S.] SSAI, Lanham, MD USA. [Patadia, F.] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. [Remer, L. A.] UMBC, JCET, Baltimore, MD USA. [Holz, R. E.] Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, Madison, WI USA. RP Levy, RC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM robert.c.levy@nasa.gov RI Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013 OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303 FU NASA [NNH10ZDA001N-NPP, NNH13ZDA001N-SNPP] FX We thank the Wisconsin-PEATE (now SIPS) team for their efforts in creating IFF data and managing the creation of the MODIS-like products. Evaluation of these different satellite-retrieved aerosol data sets would not have been possible without AERONET and its team of site managers, for which we are extremely grateful. This research began under the NASA program NNH10ZDA001N-NPP (NPP Science Team for Climate Data Records) and continues under NNH13ZDA001N-SNPP (Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Science Team). NR 76 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4083 EP 4110 DI 10.5194/amt-8-4083-2015 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NM UT WOS:000364317600008 ER PT J AU Veselovskii, I Whiteman, DN Korenskiy, M Suvorina, A Perez-Ramirez, D AF Veselovskii, I. Whiteman, D. N. Korenskiy, M. Suvorina, A. Perez-Ramirez, D. TI Use of rotational Raman measurements in multiwavelength aerosol lidar for evaluation of particle backscattering and extinction SO Atmospheric Measurement Techniques LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; WATER-VAPOR; POLARIZATION LIDAR; DESERT DUST; INVERSION; PARAMETERS; REGULARIZATION; RETRIEVAL; COEFFICIENTS AB Vibrational Raman scattering from nitrogen is commonly used in aerosol lidars for evaluation of particle backscattering (beta) and extinction (alpha) coefficients. However, at mid-visible wavelengths, particularly in the daytime, previous measurements have possessed low signal-to-noise ratio. Also, vibrational scattering is characterized by a significant frequency shift of the Raman component, so for the calculation of alpha and beta information about the extinction Angstrom exponent is needed. Simulation results presented in this study demonstrate that ambiguity in the choice of Angstrom exponent can be the a significant source of uncertainty in the calculation of backscattering coefficients when optically thick aerosol layers are considered. Both of these issues are addressed by the use of pure-rotational Raman (RR) scattering, which is characterized by a higher cross section compared to nitrogen vibrational scattering, and by a much smaller frequency shift, which essentially removes the sensitivity to changes in the Angstrom exponent. We describe a practical implementation of rotational Raman measurements in an existing Mic-Raman lidar to obtain aerosol extinction and backscattering at 532 nm. A 2.3 nm width interference filter was used to select a spectral range characterized by low temperature sensitivity within the anti-Stokes branch of the RR spectrum. Simulations demonstrate that the temperature dependence of the scattering cross section does not exceed 1.5% in the 230-300K range, making correction for this dependence quite easy. With this upgrade, the NASA GSFC multiwavelength Raman lidar has demonstrated useful alpha(532) measurements and was used for regular observations. Examples of lidar measurements and inversion of optical data to the particle microphysics are given. C1 [Veselovskii, I.; Korenskiy, M.; Suvorina, A.] Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Inst Gen Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Whiteman, D. N.; Perez-Ramirez, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perez-Ramirez, D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Korenskiy, M.] Far Eastern State Univ, Vladivostok, Russia. RP Veselovskii, I (reprint author), Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Inst Gen Phys, Moscow, Russia. EM igorv@pic.troitsk.ru RI Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/Q-1129-2016 OI Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/0000-0002-7679-6135 FU Russian Science Foundation [14-50-00034] FX Development of lidar retrieval algorithms was partly supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 14-50-00034). NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4111 EP 4122 DI 10.5194/amt-8-4111-2015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NM UT WOS:000364317600009 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JT Mcgee, TJ Leblanc, T Sumnicht, GK Twigg, LW AF Sullivan, J. T. McGee, T. J. Leblanc, T. Sumnicht, G. K. Twigg, L. W. TI Optimization of the GSFC TROPOZ DIAL retrieval using synthetic lidar returns and ozonesondes - Part 1: Algorithm validation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; OZONE; PROFILES AB The main purpose of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center TROPospheric OZone DIfferential Absorption Lidar (GSFC TROPOZ DIAL) is to measure the vertical distribution of tropospheric ozone for science investigations. Because of the important health and climate impacts of tropospheric ozone, it is imperative to quantify background photochemical ozone concentrations and ozone layers aloft, especially during air quality episodes. For these reasons, this paper addresses the necessary procedures to validate the TROPOZ retrieval algorithm and confirm that it is properly representing ozone concentrations. This paper is focused on ensuring the TROPOZ algorithm is properly quantifying ozone concentrations, and a following paper will focus on a systematic uncertainty analysis. This methodology begins by simulating synthetic lidar returns from actual TROPOZ lidar return signals in combination with a known ozone profile. From these synthetic signals, it is possible to explicitly determine retrieval algorithm biases from the known profile. This was then systematically performed to identify any areas that need refinement for a new operational version of the TROPOZ retrieval algorithm. One immediate outcome of this exercise was that a bin registration error in the correction for detector saturation within the original retrieval was discovered and was subsequently corrected for. Another noticeable outcome was that the vertical smoothing in the retrieval algorithm was upgraded from a constant vertical resolution to a variable vertical resolution to yield a statistical uncertainty of < 10 %. This new and optimized vertical-resolution scheme retains the ability to resolve fluctuations in the known ozone profile, but it now allows near-field signals to be more appropriately smoothed. With these revisions to the previous TROPOZ retrieval, the optimized TROPOZ retrieval algorithm (TROPOZ(opt)) has been effective in retrieving nearly 200m lower to the surface. Also, as compared to the previous version of the retrieval, the TROPOZopt had an overall mean improvement of 3.5 %, and large improvements (upwards of 10-15% as compared to the previous algorithm) were apparent between 4.5 and 9 km. Finally, to ensure the TROPOZopt retrieval algorithm is robust enough to handle actual lidar return signals, a comparison is shown between four nearby ozonesonde measurements. The ozonesondes are mostly within the TROPOZopt retrieval uncertainty bars, which implies that this exercise was quite successful. C1 [Sullivan, J. T.; McGee, T. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Leblanc, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Sumnicht, G. K.; Twigg, L. W.] Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Sullivan, J. T.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sullivan, J. T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher Phys, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Sullivan, JT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM john.t.sullivan@nasa.gov FU UMBC/JCET [374, 8306]; Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) [U00P4400079]; NOAA-CREST CCNY Foundation [49173B-02]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA HQ; NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program; Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) FX This work was supported by UMBC/JCET (Task #374, Project 8306), the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE, Contract #U00P4400079), NOAA-CREST CCNY Foundation (Sub-Contract #49173B-02) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors gratefully acknowledge support provided by NASA HQ, the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program and the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet). Thanks to Raymond M. Hoff for additional support and knowledge of lidar techniques. Also, thanks to the Howard University - Beltsville Center for Climate Systems Observation for launching the ozonesondes necessary to continue validating this system. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4133 EP 4143 DI 10.5194/amt-8-4133-2015 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NM UT WOS:000364317600011 ER PT J AU Thompson, DR Leifer, I Bovensmann, H Eastwood, M Fladeland, M Frankenberg, C Gerilowski, K Green, RO Kratwurst, S Krings, T Luna, B Thorpe, AK AF Thompson, D. R. Leifer, I. Bovensmann, H. Eastwood, M. Fladeland, M. Frankenberg, C. Gerilowski, K. Green, R. O. Kratwurst, S. Krings, T. Luna, B. Thorpe, A. K. TI Real-time remote detection and measurement for airborne imaging spectroscopy: a case study with methane SO Atmospheric Measurement Techniques LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON-DIOXIDE OBSERVATIONS; COLUMN-AVERAGED METHANE; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; SPECTROMETER DATA; ANOMALY DETECTION; VOLCANIC SO2; AVIRIS; RETRIEVAL; AIRCRAFT AB Localized anthropogenic sources of atmospheric CH4 are highly uncertain and temporally variable. Airborne remote measurement is an effective method to detect and quantify these emissions. In a campaign context, the science yield can be dramatically increased by real-time retrievals that allow operators to coordinate multiple measurements of the most active areas. This can improve science outcomes for both single-and multiple-platform missions. We describe a case study of the NASA/ESA CO2 and MEthane eXperiment (COMEX) campaign in California during June and August/September 2014. COMEX was a multi-platform campaign to measure CH4 plumes released from anthropogenic sources including oil and gas infrastructure. We discuss principles for real-time spectral signature detection and measurement, and report performance on the NASA Next Generation Airborne Visible Infrared Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG). AVIRIS-NG successfully detected CH4 plumes in real-time at Gb s(-1) data rates, characterizing fugitive releases in concert with other in situ and remote instruments. The teams used these real-time CH4 detections to coordinate measurements across multiple platforms, including airborne in situ, airborne non-imaging remote sensing, and ground-based in situ instruments. To our knowledge this is the first reported use of real-time trace-gas signature detection in an airborne science campaign, and presages many future applications. Post-analysis demonstrates matched filter methods providing noise-equivalent (1 sigma) detection sensitivity for 1.0% CH4 column enhancements equal to 141 ppm m. C1 [Thompson, D. R.; Eastwood, M.; Frankenberg, C.; Green, R. O.; Thorpe, A. K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Leifer, I.] Bubbleol Res Int, Solvang, CA USA. [Bovensmann, H.; Gerilowski, K.; Kratwurst, S.; Krings, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Fladeland, M.; Luna, B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Thompson, DR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM david.r.thompson@jpl.nasa.gov RI Bovensmann, Heinrich/P-4135-2016; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; OI Bovensmann, Heinrich/0000-0001-8882-4108; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Thompson, David/0000-0003-1100-7550 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We acknowledge and thank the AVIRIS-NG team, as well as scientists at JPL and elsewhere whose counsel was invaluable throughout the system design process: Andrew Aubrey, Lance Christensen, Dar A. Roberts. Brian Bue (JPL) is the original author of the real-time infrastructure that formed the foundation of the new AVIRIS-NG system. A portion of the research described in this paper was performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The author's copyright for this publication has been transferred to the California Institute of Technology. The Government sponsorship is acknowledged. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4383 EP 4397 DI 10.5194/amt-8-4383-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5NM UT WOS:000364317600026 ER PT J AU Lewis, SC LeGrande, AN AF Lewis, S. C. LeGrande, A. N. TI Stability of ENSO and its tropical Pacific teleconnections over the Last Millennium SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO/SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PAST MILLENNIUM; SST VARIABILITY; NINO; CLIMATE; HOLOCENE; MIDHOLOCENE; CIRCULATION; PROJECTIONS AB Determining past changes in the amplitude, frequency and teleconnections of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is important for understanding its potential sensitivity to future anthropogenic climate change. Palaeo-reconstructions from proxy records can provide long-term information of ENSO interactions with the background climatic state through time. However, it remains unclear how ENSO characteristics have changed on long timescales, and precisely which signals proxies record. Proxy interpretations are typically underpinned by the assumption of stationarity in relationships between local and remote climates, and often utilise archives from single locations located in the Pacific Ocean to reconstruct ENSO histories. Here, we investigate the long-term characteristics of ENSO and its teleconnections using the Last Millennium experiment of CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5; Taylor et al., 2012). We show that the relationship between ENSO conditions (NINO3.4) and local climates across the Pacific basin differs significantly for 100-year epochs defining the Last Millennium and the historical period 1906-2005. Furthermore, models demonstrate decadal-to centennial-scale modulation of ENSO behaviour during the Last Millennium. Overall, results suggest that the stability of teleconnections may be regionally dependent and that proxy climate records may reveal complex changes in teleconnected patterns, rather than large-scale changes in base ENSO characteristics. As such, proxy insights into ENSO may require evidence to be considered over large spatial areas in order to deconvolve changes occurring in the NINO3.4 region from those relating to local climatic variables. To obtain robust histories of the ENSO and its remote impacts, we recommend interpretations of proxy records should be considered in conjunction with palaeo-reconstructions from within the central Pacific. C1 [Lewis, S. C.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Lewis, S. C.] ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [LeGrande, A. N.] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [LeGrande, A. N.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Lewis, SC (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM sophie.lewis@anu.edu.au RI Lewis, Sophie/H-4968-2011 OI Lewis, Sophie/0000-0001-6416-0634 FU Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science [CE110001028]; NOAA [NA10OAR4310126] FX This research was supported by Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (grant CE110001028). We thank NASA GISS for institutional support; resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. We thank NOAA for the C2D2 grant NA10OAR4310126 that supported the GISS-E2 last millennium simulations and thank all the groups that contributed to the CMIP archive. We acknowledge the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP. The U.S. Department of Energy's PCMDI provides CMIP5 coordinating support. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2015 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1347 EP 1360 DI 10.5194/cp-11-1347-2015 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5PZ UT WOS:000364324600006 ER PT J AU Jasechko, S Lechler, A Pausata, FSR Fawcett, PJ Gleeson, T Cendon, DI Galewsky, J LeGrande, AN Risi, C Sharp, ZD Welker, JM Werner, M Yoshimura, K AF Jasechko, S. Lechler, A. Pausata, F. S. R. Fawcett, P. J. Gleeson, T. Cendon, D. I. Galewsky, J. LeGrande, A. N. Risi, C. Sharp, Z. D. Welker, J. M. Werner, M. Yoshimura, K. TI Late-glacial to late-Holocene shifts in global precipitation delta O-18 SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; SUMMER MONSOON PRECIPITATION; GROUNDWATER RESIDENCE TIME; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LAKE-SEDIMENT CELLULOSE; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SAN-JUAN BASIN; ART. NO. 1179; LAST DEGLACIATION AB Reconstructions of Quaternary climate are often based on the isotopic content of paleo-precipitation preserved in proxy records. While many paleo-precipitation isotope records are available, few studies have synthesized these dispersed records to explore spatial patterns of late-glacial precipitation delta O-18. Here we present a synthesis of 86 globally distributed groundwater (n = 59), cave calcite (n = 15) and ice core (n = 12) isotope records spanning the late-glacial (defined as similar to 50 000 to similar to 20 000 years ago) to the late-Holocene (within the past similar to 5000 years). We show that precipitation delta O-18 changes from the late-glacial to the late-Holocene range from -7.1% (delta O-18(late-Holocene) > delta O-18(late-glacial)) to + 1.7% (delta O-18(late-glacial) > delta O-18(late-Holocene)), with the majority (77 %) of records having lower late-glacial delta O-18 than late-Holocene delta O-18 values. High-magnitude, negative precipitation delta O-18 shifts are common at high latitudes, high altitudes and continental interiors (delta O-18(late-Holocene) > delta O-18(late-glacial) by more than 3 %). Conversely, low-magnitude, positive precipitation delta O-18 shifts are concentrated along tropical and subtropical coasts (delta O-18(late-glacial) > delta O-18(late-Holocene) by less than 2 %). Broad, global patterns of late-glacial to late-Holocene precipitation delta O-18 shifts suggest that stronger-than-modern isotopic distillation of air masses prevailed during the late-glacial, likely impacted by larger global temperature differences between the tropics and the poles. Further, to test how well general circulation models reproduce global precipitation delta O-18 shifts, we compiled simulated precipitation delta O-18 shifts from five isotope-enabled general circulation models simulated under recent and last glacial maximum climate states. Climate simulations generally show better intermodel and model-measurement agreement in temperate regions than in the tropics, highlighting a need for further research to better understand how inter-model spread in convective rainout, seawater delta O-18 and glacial topography parameterizations impact simulated precipitation delta O-18. Future research on paleo-precipitation delta O-18 records can use the global maps of measured and simulated late-glacial precipitation isotope compositions to target and prioritize field sites. C1 [Jasechko, S.; Fawcett, P. J.; Galewsky, J.; Sharp, Z. D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Jasechko, S.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Lechler, A.] Pacific Lutheran Univ, Dept Geosci, Tacoma, WA 98447 USA. [Pausata, F. S. R.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Pausata, F. S. R.] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Gleeson, T.] Univ Victoria, Dept Civil Engn, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Cendon, D. I.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [LeGrande, A. N.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Risi, C.] UPMC, CNRS, IPSL, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. [Welker, J. M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. [Werner, M.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Yoshimura, K.] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. RP Jasechko, S (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM sjasechk@ucalgary.ca RI Werner, Martin/C-8067-2014; Yoshimura, Kei/F-2041-2010; Cendon, Dioni/B-9556-2012 OI Werner, Martin/0000-0002-6473-0243; Yoshimura, Kei/0000-0002-5761-1561; Cendon, Dioni/0000-0002-3275-1939 FU University of Calgary's Open Access Author's Fund; NSERC; UNESCO IGCP-618 project (Paleoclimate information obtained from past-recharged groundwater); G@GPS network; Caswell Silver Foundation FX We acknowledge support from the University of Calgary's Open Access Author's Fund, an NSERC Discovery Grant held by S. Jasechko, the UNESCO IGCP-618 project (Paleoclimate information obtained from past-recharged groundwater), the G@GPS network, and the Caswell Silver Foundation. We are thankful for the assessments of Ph. Negrel and two anonymous reviewers. We also thank T. W. D. Edwards for insightful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 209 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2015 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1375 EP 1393 DI 10.5194/cp-11-1375-2015 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5PZ UT WOS:000364324600008 ER PT J AU Ivanova, N Pedersen, LT Tonboe, RT Kern, S Heygster, G Lavergne, T Sorensen, A Saldo, R Dybkjaer, G Brucker, L Shokr, M AF Ivanova, N. Pedersen, L. T. Tonboe, R. T. Kern, S. Heygster, G. Lavergne, T. Sorensen, A. Saldo, R. Dybkjaer, G. Brucker, L. Shokr, M. TI Inter-comparison and evaluation of sea ice algorithms: towards further identification of challenges and optimal approach using passive microwave observations SO Cryosphere LA English DT Article ID SPECIAL SENSOR MICROWAVE/IMAGER; AMSR-E; THICKNESS RETRIEVAL; MELT PONDS; 90 GHZ; MODEL; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; SURFACE; SUMMER AB Sea ice concentration has been retrieved in polar regions with satellite microwave radiometers for over 30 years. However, the question remains as to what is an optimal sea ice concentration retrieval method for climate monitoring. This paper presents some of the key results of an extensive algorithm inter-comparison and evaluation experiment. The skills of 30 sea ice algorithms were evaluated systematically over low and high sea ice concentrations. Evaluation criteria included standard deviation relative to independent validation data, performance in the presence of thin ice and melt ponds, and sensitivity to error sources with seasonal to inter-annual variations and potential climatic trends, such as atmospheric water vapour and water-surface roughening by wind. A selection of 13 algorithms is shown in the article to demonstrate the results. Based on the findings, a hybrid approach is suggested to retrieve sea ice concentration globally for climate monitoring purposes. This approach consists of a combination of two algorithms plus dynamic tie points implementation and atmospheric correction of input brightness temperatures. The method minimizes inter-sensor calibration discrepancies and sensitivity to the mentioned error sources. C1 [Ivanova, N.] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Pedersen, L. T.; Tonboe, R. T.; Dybkjaer, G.] Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Kern, S.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Heygster, G.] Univ Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Lavergne, T.; Sorensen, A.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Saldo, R.] Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Brucker, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brucker, L.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Studies & Invest, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Shokr, M.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Ivanova, N (reprint author), Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway. EM natalia.ivanova@nersc.no RI Brucker, Ludovic/A-8029-2010 OI Brucker, Ludovic/0000-0001-7102-8084 FU ESA; Center of Excellence for Climate System Analysis and Prediction (CliSAP); International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, Switzerland [245] FX This work was completed in the context of ESA Climate Change Initiative, Sea Ice project (SICCI) and was funded by ESA. The work of S. Kern was supported by the Center of Excellence for Climate System Analysis and Prediction (CliSAP). Support from the International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, Switzerland, under project No. 245: Perta Heil and Stefan Kern, "Towards an integrated retrieval of Antarctic sea ice volume" is acknowledged. The EUMETSAT OSISAF (http://osisaf.met.no) granted access to an implementation of its SIC processing software, in particular the dynamic tie point retrieval process (see Appendix B). The authors would like to thank Timothy Williams and Richard Danielson for their proofreading of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1797 EP 1817 DI 10.5194/tc-9-1797-2015 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CV5SF UT WOS:000364330700004 ER PT J AU Ottaviani, M van Diedenhoven, B Cairns, B AF Ottaviani, M. van Diedenhoven, B. Cairns, B. TI Photopolarimetric retrievals of snow properties SO Cryosphere LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; MULTIDIRECTIONAL POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS; RESEARCH SCANNING POLARIMETER; GRAIN-SIZE; CIRRUS CLOUDS; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; ALPINE SNOW; MODIS DATA AB Polarimetric observations of snow surfaces, obtained in the 410-2264 nm range with the Research Scanning Polarimeter onboard the NASA ER-2high-altitude aircraft, are analyzed and presented. These novel measurements are of interest to the remote sensing community because the overwhelming brightness of snow plagues aerosol and cloud retrievals based on airborne and spaceborne total reflection measurements. The spectral signatures of the polarized reflectance of snow are therefore worthwhile investigating in order to provide guidance for the adaptation of algorithms currently employed for the retrieval of aerosol properties over soil and vegetated surfaces. At the same time, the increased information content of polarimetric measurements allows for a meaningful characterization of the snow medium. In our case, the grains are modeled as hexagonal prisms of variable aspect ratios and microscale roughness, yielding retrievals of the grains' scattering asymmetry parameter, shape and size. The results agree with our previous findings based on a more limited data set, with the majority of retrievals leading to moderately rough crystals of extreme aspect ratios, for each scene corresponding to a single value of the asymmetry parameter. C1 [Ottaviani, M.; van Diedenhoven, B.; Cairns, B.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [van Diedenhoven, B.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. RP Ottaviani, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM matteo.ottaviani@nasa.gov OI Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 FU Radiation Sciences Program FX This work was possible through the dedication of the ER-2 pilots Tom Ryan, Dean Neeley and Stu Broce. Their exceptional skills and proactive attitude towards the goals of the mission were critical to success. The assistance of personnel on the ground was invaluable, especially that of Hans Moosmuller from the Desert Research Institute, Davide Sartoni from Mistras-Ropeworks, Rick Brinkam from Water Services at the City of Grand Junction, Sam Williams and Aldin Strautins from NOAA, McKenzie Skiles from NASA JPL, Holly King from the Trappers Lake Lodge, and Dan Matthews and John Saye from the US Forest Service in Arapaho National Forest. We also thank Rose Dominguez and Dennis Gearhart from NASA GSFC for providing access to the ER-2 DCS camera imagery, and the reviewers for improving the overall quality of the manuscript. The RSP data used for this analysis are publicly available on the GISS server (http://data.giss.nasa.gov/pub/rsp/). The graphs were produced with IDL(C) supplemented by David Fanning's Coyote Graphics free library of routines. Partial support from the Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal Maring is gratefully acknowledged. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1933 EP 1942 DI 10.5194/tc-9-1933-2015 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CV5SF UT WOS:000364330700012 ER PT J AU Anderson, RG Lo, MH Swenson, S Famiglietti, JS Tang, Q Skaggs, TH Lin, YH Wu, RJ AF Anderson, R. G. Lo, M. -H. Swenson, S. Famiglietti, J. S. Tang, Q. Skaggs, T. H. Lin, Y. -H. Wu, R. -J. TI Using satellite-based estimates of evapotranspiration and groundwater changes to determine anthropogenic water fluxes in land surface models SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; ENERGY-BALANCE; IRRIGATION; PRECIPITATION; SUSTAINABILITY; DEPLETION; MISSION; GRACE AB Irrigation is a widely used water management practice that is often poorly parameterized in land surface and climate models. Previous studies have addressed this issue via use of irrigation area, applied water inventory data, or soil moisture content. These approaches have a variety of drawbacks including data latency, accurately prescribing irrigation intensity, and a lack of conservation of water volume for models using a prescribed soil moisture approach. In this study, we parameterize irrigation fluxes using satellite observations of evapotranspiration (ET) compared to ET from a suite of land surface models without irrigation. We then incorporate the irrigation flux into the Community Land Model (CLM) and use a systematic trial-and-error procedure to determine the ground- and surface-water withdrawals that are necessary to balance the new irrigation flux. The resulting CLM simulation with irrigation produces ET that matches the magnitude and seasonality of observed satellite ET well, with a mean difference of 6.3 mm month(-1) and a correlation of 0.95. Differences between the new CLM ET values and satellite-observed ET values are always less than 30 mm month(-1) and the differences show no pattern with respect to seasonality. The results reinforce the importance of accurately parameterizing anthropogenic hydrologic fluxes into land surface and climate models to assess environmental change under current and future climates and land management regimes. C1 [Anderson, R. G.; Skaggs, T. H.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Contaminant Fate & Transport Unit, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Lo, M. -H.; Lin, Y. -H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Swenson, S.; Wu, R. -J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Famiglietti, J. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tang, Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Anderson, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Contaminant Fate & Transport Unit, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ray.anderson@ars.usda.gov; minhuilo@ntu.edu.tw OI LO, MIN-HUI/0000-0002-8653-143X; Anderson, Ray/0000-0002-6202-5890 FU Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST 103-2111-M-002-006, MOST 100-2119-M-001-029-MY5]; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service1, National Program 211: Water Availability and Watershed Management [2036-61000-015-00]; University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives (MRPI) FX The GLDAS and NLDAS data used in this study were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). A portion of this research was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, operated under contract with NASA. This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, (grants MOST 103-2111-M-002-006 and MOST 100-2119-M-001-029-MY5), by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service1, National Program 211: Water Availability and Watershed Management (project no. 2036-61000-015-00), and by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives (MRPI). NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 3021 EP 3031 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-3021-2015 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CV5QO UT WOS:000364326200003 ER PT J AU Le Morzadec, K Tarasov, L Morlighem, M Seroussi, H AF Le Morzadec, K. Tarasov, L. Morlighem, M. Seroussi, H. TI A new sub-grid surface mass balance and flux model for continental-scale ice sheet modelling: testing and last glacial cycle SO Geoscientific Model Development LA English DT Article ID YOUNGER DRYAS; AGE CYCLE; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURE; TOPOGRAPHY; HISTORY; COMPLEX; IMPACT; CANADA AB To investigate ice sheet evolution over the timescale of a glacial cycle, 3-D ice sheet models (ISMs) are typically run at "coarse" grid resolutions (10-50 km) that do not resolve individual mountains. This will introduce to-date unquantified errors in sub-grid (SG) transport, accumulation and ablation for regions of rough topography. In the past, synthetic hypsometric curves, a statistical summary of the topography, have been used in ISMs to describe the variability of these processes. However, there has yet to be detailed uncertainty analysis of this approach. We develop a new flow line SG model for embedding in coarse resolution models. A 1 km resolution digital elevation model was used to compute the local hypsometric curve for each coarse grid (CG) cell and to determine local parameters to represent the hypsometric bins' slopes and widths. The 1-D mass transport for the SG model is computed with the shallow ice approximation. We test this model against simulations from the 3-D Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM) run at 1 km grid resolution. Results show that none of the alternative parameterizations explored were able to adequately capture SG surface mass balance and flux processes. Via glacial cycle ensemble results for North America, we quantify the impact of SG model coupling in an ISM. We show that SG process representation and associated parametric uncertainties, related to the exchange of ice between the SG and CG cells, can have significant (up to 35m eustatic sea level equivalent for the North American ice complex) impact on modelled ice sheet evolution. C1 [Le Morzadec, K.; Tarasov, L.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Phys & Phys Oceanog, St John, NF, Canada. [Morlighem, M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Seroussi, H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Tarasov, L (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Phys & Phys Oceanog, St John, NF, Canada. EM lev@mun.ca RI Morlighem, Mathieu/O-9942-2014 OI Morlighem, Mathieu/0000-0001-5219-1310 FU Canadian Foundation for Innovation; National Science and Engineering Research Council; ACEnet FX We thank Vincent Lecours and Rodolphe Devillers for extracting some of the topographic characteristics. Support provided by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, the National Science and Engineering Research Council, and ACEnet. Tarasov holds a Canada Research Chair. We finally thank Philippe Huybrechts, as well as Fuyuki Saito and an anonymous reviewer, whose comments helped significantly improve the clarity of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 3199 EP 3213 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-3199-2015 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CV5QO UT WOS:000364326200013 ER PT J AU Petropoulos, GP North, MR Ireland, G Srivastava, PK Rendall, DV AF Petropoulos, G. P. North, M. R. Ireland, G. Srivastava, P. K. Rendall, D. V. TI Quantifying the prediction accuracy of a 1-D SVAT model at a range of ecosystems in the USA and Australia: evidence towards its use as a tool to study Earth's system interactions SO Geoscientific Model Development LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SOIL-MOISTURE; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; TRIANGLE METHOD; FLUXNET SITES; TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION; FLUXES AB This paper describes the validation of the SimSphere SVAT (Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer) model conducted at a range of US and Australian ecosystem types. Specific focus was given to examining the models' ability in predicting shortwave incoming solar radiation (R-g), net radiation (R-net), latent heat (LE), sensible heat (H), air temperature at 1.3m (T-air (1.3 m) ) and air temperature at 50 m (T-air 50 m ). Model predictions were compared against corresponding in situ measurements acquired for a total of 72 selected days of the year 2011 obtained from eight sites belonging to the AmeriFlux (USA) and OzFlux (Australia) monitoring networks. Selected sites were representative of a variety of environmental, biome and climatic conditions, to allow for the inclusion of contrasting conditions in the model evaluation. Overall, results showed a good agreement between the model predictions and the in situ measurements, particularly so for the R-g, R-net, T-air (1.3 m) and T-air 50 m parameters. The simulated R-g parameter exhibited a root mean square deviation (RMSD) within 25% of the observed fluxes for 58 of the 72 selected days, whereas an RMSD within similar to 24% of the observed fluxes was reported for the R-net parameter for all days of study (RMSD = 58.69 W m(-2)). A systematic underestimation of R-g and R-net (mean bias error (MBE) = -19.48 and 16.46 W m(-2)) was also found. Simulations for the T-air 1.3 m and T-air 50 m showed good agreement with the in situ observations, exhibiting RMSDs of 3.23 and 3.77 degrees C (within similar to 15 and similar to 18% of the observed) for all days of analysis, respectively. Comparable, yet slightly less satisfactory simulation accuracies were exhibited for the H and LE parameters (RMSDs = 38.47 and 55.06 W m(-2), similar to 34 and similar to 28% of the observed). Highest simulation accuracies were obtained for the open woodland savannah and mulga woodland sites for most of the compared parameters. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index for all parameters ranges from 0.720 to 0.998, suggesting a very good model representation of the observations. To our knowledge, this study presents the most detailed evaluation of SimSphere done so far, and the first validation of it conducted in Australian ecosystem types. Findings are important and timely, given the expanding use of the model both as an educational and research tool today. This includes ongoing research by different space agencies examining its synergistic use with Earth observation data towards the development of global operational products. C1 [Petropoulos, G. P.; North, M. R.; Ireland, G.; Rendall, D. V.] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. [Srivastava, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, P. K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Srivastava, P. K.] Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Petropoulos, GP (reprint author), Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. EM george.petropoulos@aber.ac.uk RI Petropoulos, George/F-2384-2013 OI Petropoulos, George/0000-0003-1442-1423 FU European Commission FX This research was conducted with the support of the European Commission under the Marie Curie Reintegration Grant TRANSFORM-EO project. the Authors gratefully acknowledge the funding body for their financial support and also extend a thank you to the PI's from the AmeriFlux and OzFlux networks for the data provision which made this study possible. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 3257 EP 3284 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-3257-2015 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CV5QO UT WOS:000364326200017 ER PT J AU Veldkamp, TIE Eisner, S Wada, Y Aerts, JCJH Ward, PJ AF Veldkamp, T. I. E. Eisner, S. Wada, Y. Aerts, J. C. J. H. Ward, P. J. TI Sensitivity of water scarcity events to ENSO-driven climate variability at the global scale SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; EL-NINO; RIVER-BASIN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; FIELD SIGNIFICANCE; FOOD-PRODUCTION; LA-NINA AB Globally, freshwater shortage is one of the most dangerous risks for society. Changing hydro-climatic and socioeconomic conditions have aggravated water scarcity over the past decades. A wide range of studies show that water scarcity will intensify in the future, as a result of both increased consumptive water use and, in some regions, climate change. Although it is well-known that El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects patterns of precipitation and drought at global and regional scales, little attention has yet been paid to the impacts of climate variability on water scarcity conditions, despite its importance for adaptation planning. Therefore, we present the first global-scale sensitivity assessment of water scarcity to ENSO, the most dominant signal of climate variability. We show that over the time period 1961-2010, both water availability and water scarcity conditions are significantly correlated with ENSO-driven climate variability over a large proportion of the global land area (>28.1 %); an area inhabited by more than 31.4% of the global population. We also found, however, that climate variability alone is often not enough to trigger the actual incidence of water scarcity events. The sensitivity of a region to water scarcity events, expressed in terms of land area or population exposed, is determined by both hydro-climatic and socioeconomic conditions. Currently, the population actually impacted by water scarcity events consists of 39.6% (CTA: consumptionto-availability ratio) and 41.1% (WCI: water crowding index) of the global population, whilst only 11.4% (CTA) and 15.9% (WCI) of the global population is at the same time living in areas sensitive to ENSO-driven climate variability. These results are contrasted, however, by differences in growth rates found under changing socioeconomic conditions, which are relatively high in regions exposed to water scarcity events. Given the correlations found between ENSO and water availability and scarcity conditions, and the relative developments of water scarcity impacts under changing socioeconomic conditions, we suggest that there is potential for ENSO-based adaptation and risk reduction that could be facilitated by more research on this emerging topic. C1 [Veldkamp, T. I. E.; Aerts, J. C. J. H.; Ward, P. J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies IVM, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Eisner, S.] Univ Kassel, Ctr Environm Syst Res, D-34125 Kassel, Germany. [Wada, Y.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Wada, Y.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Wada, Y.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Veldkamp, TIE (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies IVM, Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM ted.veldkamp@vu.nl RI Aerts, Jeroen/M-8431-2013 FU EU [308438, 603608]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [453-14-006, 863-11-011]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [JSPS-2014-878] FX We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. The research leading to this article is partly funded by the EU 7th Framework Programme through the projects ENHANCE (grant agreement no. 308438) and Earth2Observe (grant agreement no. 603608). J. Aerts received funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI (grant no. 453-14-006). Y. Wada is supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Oversea Research Fellowship (grant no. JSPS-2014-878). P. Ward received funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) in the form of a VENI grant (grant no. 863-11-011). NR 120 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 10 BP 4081 EP 4098 DI 10.5194/hess-19-4081-2015 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CV5RD UT WOS:000364327800004 ER PT B AU Righter, K Corrigan, C McCoy, T Harvey, R AF Righter, Kevin Corrigan, Cari McCoy, Tim Harvey, Ralph BE Righter, K Corrigan, CM McCoy, TJ Harvey, RP TI 35 Seasons of US Antarctic Meteorites (1976-2010) A Pictorial Guide to the Collection PREFACE SO 35 SEASONS OF U.S. ANTARCTIC METEORITES (1976-2010): A PICTORIAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTION SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Righter, Kevin] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mailcode KT, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Corrigan, Cari; McCoy, Tim] Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. [Harvey, Ralph] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Righter, K (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mailcode KT, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-79847-8; 978-1-118-79832-4 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2015 VL 68 BP V EP VI PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD6LC UT WOS:000362338600001 ER PT B AU Righter, K Satterwhite, CE McBride, KM Corrigan, CM Welzenbach, LC AF Righter, Kevin Satterwhite, Cecilia E. McBride, Kathleen M. Corrigan, Catherine M. Welzenbach, Linda C. BE Righter, K Corrigan, CM McCoy, TJ Harvey, RP TI Curation and Allocation of Samples in the US Antarctic Meteorite Collection SO 35 SEASONS OF U.S. ANTARCTIC METEORITES (1976-2010): A PICTORIAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTION SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AMINO-ACIDS; SMITHSONIAN-INSTITUTION; CHEMICAL-ANALYSES; PARENT BODIES; MARS; CHONDRITES; CHEMISTRY; ALH84001; SEARCH C1 [Righter, Kevin] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mailcode KT, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Satterwhite, Cecilia E.; McBride, Kathleen M.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Corrigan, Catherine M.; Welzenbach, Linda C.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Righter, K (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mailcode KT, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-79847-8; 978-1-118-79832-4 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2015 VL 68 BP 43 EP 63 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD6LC UT WOS:000362338600004 ER PT B AU Weisberg, MK Righter, K AF Weisberg, Michael K. Righter, Kevin BE Righter, K Corrigan, CM McCoy, TJ Harvey, RP TI Primitive Asteroids: Expanding the Range of Known Primitive Materials SO 35 SEASONS OF U.S. ANTARCTIC METEORITES (1976-2010): A PICTORIAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTION SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ZONED METAL GRAINS; CARBONACEOUS PRESOLAR GRAINS; HAMMADAH AL HAMRA-237; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; R CHONDRITE GROUP; ENSTATITE CHONDRITES; FENI METAL; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; RICH CHONDRITE C1 [Weisberg, Michael K.] CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Weisberg, Michael K.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Weisberg, Michael K.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Righter, Kevin] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mailcode KT, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Weisberg, MK (reprint author), CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-79847-8; 978-1-118-79832-4 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2015 VL 68 BP 65 EP 77 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD6LC UT WOS:000362338600005 ER PT B AU Mittlefehldt, DW McCoy, TJ AF Mittlefehldt, David W. McCoy, Timothy J. BE Righter, K Corrigan, CM McCoy, TJ Harvey, RP TI Achondrites and Irons: Products of Magmatism on Strongly Heated Asteroids SO 35 SEASONS OF U.S. ANTARCTIC METEORITES (1976-2010): A PICTORIAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTION SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UREILITE PARENT BODY; ANGRA-DOS-REIS; CORE FORMATION; NOBLE-GASES; BASALTIC ACHONDRITES; SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS; EUCRITIC METEORITES; OLIVINE DIOGENITES; POLYMICT EUCRITES; NEBULAR PROCESSES C1 [Mittlefehldt, David W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off, Mailcode KR, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Mittlefehldt, DW (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off, Mailcode KR, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 113 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-79847-8; 978-1-118-79832-4 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2015 VL 68 BP 79 EP 99 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD6LC UT WOS:000362338600006 ER PT B AU Korotev, RL Zeigler, RA AF Korotev, Randy L. Zeigler, Ryan A. BE Righter, K Corrigan, CM McCoy, TJ Harvey, RP TI ANSMET Meteorites from the Moon SO 35 SEASONS OF U.S. ANTARCTIC METEORITES (1976-2010): A PICTORIAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTION SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALEXANDRA RANGE 93069; FELDSPATHIC LUNAR METEORITES; HIGHLAND REGOLITH BRECCIA; MARE-BASALT METEORITE; U-TH-PB; LAPAZ-ICEFIELD; IMPACT-MELT; ASUKA 881757; SM-ND; PECORA ESCARPMENT-02007 C1 [Korotev, Randy L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Korotev, Randy L.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO USA. [Zeigler, Ryan A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Acquisit & Curat,Mailcode KT, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Korotev, RL (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 189 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-79847-8; 978-1-118-79832-4 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2015 VL 68 BP 101 EP 130 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD6LC UT WOS:000362338600007 ER PT B AU Corrigan, CM Welzenbach, LC Righter, K McBride, KM McCoy, TJ Harvey, RP Satterwhite, CE AF Corrigan, Catherine M. Welzenbach, Linda C. Righter, Kevin McBride, Kathleen M. McCoy, Timothy J. Harvey, Ralph P. Satterwhite, Cecilia E. BE Righter, K Corrigan, CM McCoy, TJ Harvey, RP TI A Statistical Look at the US Antarctic Meteorite Collection SO 35 SEASONS OF U.S. ANTARCTIC METEORITES (1976-2010): A PICTORIAL GUIDE TO THE COLLECTION SE American Geophysical Union Special Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID H CHONDRITES; MODERN FALLS; FINDS; MASS; DISTRIBUTIONS; RECOVERY C1 [Corrigan, Catherine M.; Welzenbach, Linda C.; McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Righter, Kevin; McBride, Kathleen M.; Satterwhite, Cecilia E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Jacobs Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Harvey, Ralph P.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Corrigan, CM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-118-79847-8; 978-1-118-79832-4 J9 AM GEOPHYS UNION SP PY 2015 VL 68 BP 173 EP 187 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD6LC UT WOS:000362338600011 ER PT J AU Escoubet, CP Masson, A Laakso, H Goldstein, ML AF Escoubet, C. P. Masson, A. Laakso, H. Goldstein, M. L. TI Recent highlights from Cluster, the first 3-D magnetospheric mission SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics (magnetopause cusp and boundary layers; plasmasphere; plasma waves and instabilities) ID SOLAR-WIND; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMASPHERIC WIND; MAGNETOPAUSE; RECONNECTION; ASYMMETRIES; SPACECRAFT; TURBULENCE; SPECTRUM; SYSTEM AB The Cluster mission has been operated successfully for 14 years. During this time period, the evolution of the orbit has enabled Cluster to sample many more magnetospheric regions than was initially anticipated. So far, the separation of the Cluster spacecraft has been changed more than 30 times and has ranged from a few kilometres up to 36 000 km. These orbital changes have enabled the science team to address a wide variety of scientific objectives in key regions of Earth's geospace environment: the solar wind and bow shock, the magnetopause, polar cusps, magnetotail, plasmasphere and the auroral acceleration region. Recent results have shed new light on solar wind turbulence. They showed that the magnetosheath can be asymmetric under low Mach number and that it can contain density enhancement that may affect the magnetosphere. The magnetopause was found to be thinner and to have a higher current density on the duskside than on the dawnside. New methods have been used to obtain characteristic of the magnetotail current sheet and high-temporal-resolution measurements of electron pitch angle within flux transfer events (FTEs). Plasmaspheric wind has been discovered, and the refilling of the plasmasphere was observed for the first time over a very wide range of L shells. New models of global electric and magnetic fields of the magnetosphere have been obtained where Cluster, due to its polar orbit, has been essential. Finally, magnetic reconnection was viewed for the first time with high-resolution wave and electron measurements and acceleration of plasma was observed during times of varying rate of magnetic reconnection. The analysis of Cluster data was facilitated by the creation of the Cluster Science Data System (CSDS) and the Cluster Science Archive (CSA). Those systems were implemented to provide, for the first time for a plasma physics mission, a long-term public archive of all calibrated high-resolution data from all instruments. C1 [Escoubet, C. P.; Laakso, H.] ESA ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Masson, A.] ESA ESAC, Madrid, Spain. [Goldstein, M. L.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Escoubet, CP (reprint author), ESA ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. EM philippe.escoubet@esa.int NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1221 EP 1235 DI 10.5194/angeo-33-1221-2015 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5PD UT WOS:000364322200003 ER PT J AU Balasis, G Daglis, IA Mann, IR Papadimitriou, C Zesta, E Georgiou, M Haagmans, R Tsinganos, K AF Balasis, G. Daglis, I. A. Mann, I. R. Papadimitriou, C. Zesta, E. Georgiou, M. Haagmans, R. Tsinganos, K. TI Multi-satellite study of the excitation of Pc3 and Pc4-5 ULF waves and their penetration across the plasmapause during the 2003 Halloween superstorm SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere (wave propagation); magnetospheric physics (magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; storms and substorms) ID MAGNETIC-FIELD DATA; TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE; DIPOLE FIELD; ALFVEN WAVES; PULSATIONS; CHAMP; MAGNETOSPHERE; WIND; CONDUCTIVITIES; MAGNETOPAUSE AB We use multi-satellite and ground-based magnetic data to investigate the concurrent characteristics of Pc3 (22100 mHz) and Pc4-5 (1-22 mHz) ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves on the 31 October 2003 during the Halloween magnetic superstorm. ULF waves are seen in the Earth's magnetosphere, topside ionosphere, and Earth's surface, enabling an examination of their propagation characteristics. We employ a time-frequency analysis technique and examine data from when the Cluster and CHAMP spacecraft were in good local time (LT) conjunction near the dayside noon-midnight meridian. We find clear evidence of the excitation of both Pc3 and Pc4-5 waves, but more significantly we find a clear separation in the L shell of occurrence of the Pc4-5 and Pc3 waves in the equatorial inner magnetosphere, separated by the density gradients at the plasmapause boundary layer. A key finding of the wavelet spectral analysis of data collected from the Geotail, Cluster, and CHAMP spacecraft and the CARISMA and GIMA magnetometer networks was a remarkably clear transition of the waves' frequency into dominance in a higher-frequency regime within the Pc3 range. Analysis of the local field line resonance frequency suggests that the separation of the Pc4-5 and Pc3 emissions across the plasmapause is consistent with the structure of the inhomogeneous field line resonance Alfven continuum. The Pc4-5 waves are consistent with direct excitation by the solar wind in the plasma trough, as well as Pc3 wave absorption in the plasmasphere following excitation by upstream waves originating at the bow shock in the local noon sector. However, despite good solar wind coverage, our study was not able to unambiguously identify a clear explanation for the sharp universal time (UT) onset of the discrete frequency and large-amplitude Pc3 wave power. C1 [Balasis, G.; Papadimitriou, C.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron Astrophys Space Applicat & Remote Sen, Athens, Greece. [Daglis, I. A.; Papadimitriou, C.; Georgiou, M.; Tsinganos, K.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Sect Astrophys Astron & Mech, Athens, Greece. [Mann, I. R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Zesta, E.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Geospace Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Haagmans, R.] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Balasis, G (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron Astrophys Space Applicat & Remote Sen, Athens, Greece. EM gbalasis@noa.gr RI Balasis, Georgios/G-8680-2012; Daglis, Ioannis/L-6100-2013; Papadimitriou, Constantinos/M-4061-2013 OI Balasis, Georgios/0000-0001-7342-0557; Daglis, Ioannis/0000-0002-0764-3442; FU European Union (European Social Fund, ESF); Greek national funds through the Operational Programme "Education and Lifelong Learning" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Programme: "Thales. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund"; European Space Agency [ESTEC 4000103770/11/NL/JA/ef, 4000114090/15/NL/MP]; Canadian Space Agency; Canadian NSERC FX This research was co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund, ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Programme "Education and Lifelong Learning" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Programme: "Thales. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund". This work received funding from the European Space Agency under contracts ESTEC 4000103770/11/NL/JA/ef and 4000114090/15/NL/MP. We gratefully acknowledge ESA's Cluster Active Archive; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ (German Research Centre for Geosciences); DARTS at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science; JAXA in Japan; the Canadian Space Agency; and the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, for providing the data used in this study. CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta, funded by the Canadian Space Agency. I. R. Mann is supported by a Discovery Grant from the Canadian NSERC. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1237 EP 1252 DI 10.5194/angeo-33-1237-2015 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV5PD UT WOS:000364322200004 ER PT J AU Sanghavi, S Lebsock, M Stephens, G AF Sanghavi, S. Lebsock, M. Stephens, G. TI Sensitivity analysis of polarimetric O-2 A-band spectra for potential cloud retrievals using OCO-2/GOSAT measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS; TOP HEIGHT; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; BACKSCATTERED RADIANCES; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; WATER CLOUDS; OXYGEN; CLIMATE AB Clouds play a crucial role in Earth's radiative budget, yet their climate feedbacks are poorly understood. The advent of space-borne high resolution spectrometers probing the O-2 A band, like GOSAT and OCO-2, could make it possible to simultaneously retrieve vertically resolved cloud parameters that play a vital role in Earth's radiative budget, thereby allowing a reduction of the corresponding uncertainty due to clouds. Such retrievals would also facilitate air mass bias reduction in corresponding measurements of CO2 columns. In this work, the hyperspectral, polarimetric response of the O-2 A band to mainly three important cloud parameters, viz., optical thickness, top height and droplet size has been studied, revealing a different sensitivity to each for the varying atmospheric absorption strength within the A band. Cloud optical thickness finds greatest sensitivity in intensity measurements, the sensitivity of other Stokes parameters being limited to low cloud optical thicknesses. Cloud height had a negligible effect on intensity measurements at non-absorbing wavelengths but finds maximum sensitivity at an intermediate absorption strength, which increases with cloud height. The same is found to hold for cloud geometric thickness. The geometry-dependent sensitivity to droplet size is maximum at non-absorbing wavelengths and diminishes with increasing absorption strength. It has been shown that significantly more information on droplet size can be drawn from multi-angle measurements. We find that, in the absence of sunglint, the backscatter hemisphere (scattering angle larger than 90 degrees) is richer in information on droplet size, especially in the glory and rainbow regions. It has been shown that I and Q generally have differing sensitivities to all cloud parameters. Thus, accurate measurements of two orthogonal components I-P and I-S (as in GOSAT) are expected to contain more information than measurements of only I, I-h or I-v (as in the case of OCO-2). C1 [Sanghavi, S.; Lebsock, M.; Stephens, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sanghavi, S.; Stephens, G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Sanghavi, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM suniti.v.sanghavi@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Aerosol-Cloud-Ecosystem (ACE) mission project; NASA FX This work has been supported by the NASA Aerosol-Cloud-Ecosystem (ACE) mission project. The authors would like to thank Chris O'Dell of Colorado State University for information on the angle-dependent Stokes vector contribution to OCO-2 Target mode measurements.; This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. All rights reserved. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 9 BP 3601 EP 3616 DI 10.5194/amt-8-3601-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0BF UT WOS:000362458000004 ER PT J AU Lebsock, MD Suzuki, K Millan, LF Kalmus, PM AF Lebsock, M. D. Suzuki, K. Millan, L. F. Kalmus, P. M. TI The feasibility of water vapor sounding of the cloudy boundary layer using a differential absorption radar technique SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; OCEAN; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; CALIBRATION; TRANSITION; PRESSURE; SYSTEMS; MODEL; LIDAR AB The feasibility of differential absorption radar (DAR) for the spaceborne remote profiling of water vapor within the cloudy boundary layer is assessed by applying a radar instrument simulator to large eddy simulations (LES). Frequencies near the 183 GHz water vapor absorption line attenuate too strongly to penetrate the large vapor concentrations that are ubiquitous in the boundary layer. However it is shown that lower frequencies between 140 and 170 GHz in the water vapor absorption continuum and on the wings of the absorption line, which are attenuated less efficiently than those near the line center, still have sufficient spectral variation of gaseous attenuation to perform sounding. The high resolution LES allow for assessment of the potential uncertainty in the method due to natural variability in thermodynamic and dynamic variables on scales smaller than the instrument field of view. The (160, 170) GHz frequency pair is suggested to best maximize signal for vapor profiling while minimizing noise due to undesired spectral variation in the target extinction properties. Precision in the derived water vapor is quantified as a function of the range resolution and the instrument precision. Assuming an observational spatial scale of 500m vertical and 750 m full width at half maximum (FWHM) horizontal, measurement precision better that 1 gm(-3) is achievable for stratocumulus scenes and 3 gm(-3) for cumulus scenes given precision in radar reflectivity of 0.16 dBZ. Expected precision in the column water vapor (CWV) is achievable between 0.5 and 2 kgm(-2) on these same spatial scales. Sampling efficiency is quantified as a function of radar sensitivity. Mean biases in CWV due to natural variability in the target extinction properties do not exceed 0.25 kg m(-2). Potential biases due to uncertainty in the temperature and pressure profile are negligible relative to those resulting from natural variability. Assuming a -35 dBZ minimum detectable signal, 40 %(21.9 %) of stratocumulus( cumulus) atmospheric boundary layer range bins would be sampled. Simulated surface reflectivities are always greater than -5 dBZ, which implies the DAR technique could provide near spatially continuous observation of the CWV in subtropical boundary layers at a spatial resolution better than 1 km. C1 [Lebsock, M. D.; Millan, L. F.; Kalmus, P. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Suzuki, K.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Lebsock, MD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM matthew.d.lebsock@jpl.nasa.gov RI Suzuki, Kentaroh/C-3624-2011; Millan, Luis/J-2759-2015 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and funded through the internal research and technology development program. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 9 BP 3631 EP 3645 DI 10.5194/amt-8-3631-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0BF UT WOS:000362458000006 ER PT J AU Nowottnick, EP Colarco, PR Welton, EJ da Silva, A AF Nowottnick, E. P. Colarco, P. R. Welton, E. J. da Silva, A. TI Use of the CALIOP vertical feature mask for evaluating global aerosol models SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; SAHARAN DUST; OPTICAL-DEPTH; DESERT DUST; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; AERONET MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; QUALITY-CONTROL AB We use observations from the space-based Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) to evaluate global aerosol distributions simulated in the NASA Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications aerosol reanalysis (MERRAero). We focus particularly on an evaluation of aerosol types, using the CALIOP vertical feature mask (VFM) algorithm, and look especially at Saharan dust distributions during July 2009. MERRAero consists of an aerosol simulation produced in the Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) Earth system model and incorporates assimilation of MODIS-derived aerosol optical thickness (AOT) to constrain column aerosol loadings. For comparison to the CALIOP VFM we construct two synthetic VFMs using the MERRAero aerosol distributions: a CALIOP-like VFM in which we simulate the total attenuated backscatter and particle depolarization ratio from the MERRAero output and pass those into the CALIOP VFM typing algorithm (MERRAero-CALIOP), and an extinction-based VFM in which we use the MERRAero-simulated species-resolved extinction to map the MERRAero species to the CALIOP VFM types (MERRAero-Extinction). By comparing the MERRAero-CALIOP VFM to CALIOP VFM, we can diagnose the aerosol transport and speciation in MERRAero. By comparing the MERRAero-CALIOP and MERRAero-Extinction-simulated VFM, we perform a simple observing system experiment (OSE), which is useful for identifying limitations of the CALIOP VFM algorithm itself. We find that, despite having our column AOT constrained by MODIS, comparison to the CALIOP VFM reveals a greater occurrence of dusty aerosol layers in our MERRAero-CALIOP VFM due to errors in MERRAero aerosol speciation. Additionally, we find that the CALIOP VFM algorithm is challenged when classifying aerosol features when multiple aerosol types are present, as our application of the CALIOP VFM algorithm to MERRAero aerosol distributions classified marine-dominated aerosol layers with low aerosol loadings as polluted dust when the contribution of dust to the total extinction was low. C1 [Nowottnick, E. P.] GESTAR Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Nowottnick, E. P.; Colarco, P. R.] NASA GSFC, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Welton, E. J.] NASA GSFC, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [da Silva, A.] NASA GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nowottnick, EP (reprint author), GESTAR Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. EM edward.p.nowottnick@nasa.gov RI Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP); Aerosol, Clouds, and Ecosystems (ACE) science working group FX We also would like to thank the CALIOP team for providing data obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. Additionally, we would like to thank Brent Holben and Didier Tanre; Victoria Cachorro Revilla; Juan Antuqa Marrero; and Emilio Cuevas Agullo for their efforts in establishing and maintaining the La Parguera; Cabo Verde; Camaguey; and Santa Cruz, Tenerife AERONET sites, respectively. This work was funded by the NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) and under support from the Aerosol, Clouds, and Ecosystems (ACE) science working group, supported by Hal Maring. NR 108 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 9 BP 3647 EP 3669 DI 10.5194/amt-8-3647-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0BF UT WOS:000362458000007 ER PT J AU Castellanos, P Boersma, KF Torres, O de Haan, JF AF Castellanos, P. Boersma, K. F. Torres, O. de Haan, J. F. TI OMI tropospheric NO2 air mass factors over South America: effects of biomass burning aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; FIRE RADIATIVE POWER; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION; FORMALDEHYDE COLUMNS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; EMISSIONS; RETRIEVAL; CLOUD; VARIABILITY AB Biomass burning is an important and uncertain source of aerosols and NOx (NO + NO2) to the atmosphere. Satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 are essential for characterizing this emissions source, but inaccuracies in the retrieval of NO2 tropospheric columns due to the radiative effects of aerosols, especially light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, are not well understood. It has been shown that the O-2-O-2 effective cloud fraction and pressure retrieval is sensitive to aerosol optical and physical properties, including aerosol optical depth (AOD). Aerosols implicitly influence the tropospheric air mass factor (AMF) calculations used in the NO2 retrieval through the effective cloud parameters used in the independent pixel approximation. In this work, we explicitly account for the effects of biomass burning aerosols in the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric NO2 AMF calculation for cloud-free scenes. We do so by including collocated aerosol extinction vertical profile observations from the CALIOP instrument, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) and single scattering albedo (SSA) retrieved by the OMI near-UV aerosol algorithm (OMAERUV) in the DISAMAR radiative transfer model. Tropospheric AMFs calculated with DISAMAR were benchmarked against AMFs reported in the Dutch OMI NO2 (DOMINO) retrieval; the mean and standard deviation of the difference was 0.6 +/- 8 %. Averaged over three successive South American biomass burning seasons (2006-2008), the spatial correlation in the 500 nm AOD retrieved by OMI and the 532 nm AOD retrieved by CALIOP was 0.6, and 68% of the daily OMAERUV AOD observations were within 30% of the CALIOP observations. Overall, tropospheric AMFs calculated with observed aerosol parameters were on average 10% higher than AMFs calculated with effective cloud parameters. For effective cloud radiance fractions less than 30 %, or effective cloud pressures greater than 800 hPa, the difference between tropospheric AMFs based on implicit and explicit aerosol parameters is on average 6 and 3 %, respectively, which was the case for the majority of the pixels considered in our study; 70% had cloud radiance fraction below 30 %, and 50% had effective cloud pressure greater than 800 hPa. Pixels with effective cloud radiance fraction greater than 30% or effective cloud pressure less than 800 hPa corresponded with stronger shielding in the implicit aerosol correction approach because the assumption of an opaque effective cloud underestimates the altitude-resolved AMF; tropospheric AMFs were on average 30-50% larger when aerosol parameters were included, and for individual pixels tropospheric AMFs can differ by more than a factor of 2. The observation-based approach to correcting tropospheric AMF calculations for aerosol effects presented in this paper depicts a promising strategy for a globally consistent aerosol correction scheme for clear-sky pixels. C1 [Castellanos, P.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Boersma, K. F.; de Haan, J. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Boersma, K. F.] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Torres, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Castellanos, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM patricia.castellanos@nasa.gov RI Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012 OI Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635 FU Netherlands Space Office (NSO) [ALW-GO-AO/10-01]; NWO Vidi Grant [864.09.001]; European Community [607405] FX The authors thank the CALIOP project for producing and making available the data sets used in this analysis. We also thank the AERONET project and the principal investigators of the sites used in this work, and Maarten Sneep for the development of py-DISAMAR. Patricia Castellanos acknowledges Guido van der Werf and funding from the Netherlands Space Office (NSO), project ALW-GO-AO/10-01. Folkert Boersma acknowledges receiving funding for this research from NWO Vidi Grant 864.09.001 and from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 607405 (QA4ECV). NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 9 BP 3831 EP 3849 DI 10.5194/amt-8-3831-2015 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0BF UT WOS:000362458000017 ER PT J AU Coldewey-Egbers, M Loyola, DG Koukouli, M Balis, D Lambert, JC Verhoelst, T Granville, J van Roozendael, M Lerot, C Spurr, R Frith, SM Zehner, C AF Coldewey-Egbers, M. Loyola, D. G. Koukouli, M. Balis, D. Lambert, J. -C. Verhoelst, T. Granville, J. van Roozendael, M. Lerot, C. Spurr, R. Frith, S. M. Zehner, C. TI The GOME-type Total Ozone Essential Climate Variable (GTO-ECV) data record from the ESA Climate Change Initiative SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SENSORS GOME/ERS-2; COLUMN OZONE; DATA SET; SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT; GOME-2/METOP-A; VALIDATION; LIMB AB We present the new GOME-type Total Ozone Essential Climate Variable (GTO-ECV) data record which has been created within the framework of the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) Total ozone column observations - based on the GOME-type Direct Fitting version 3 algorithm - from GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment), SCIAMACHY (SCannmg Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY), and GOME-2 have been combined into one homogeneous time series, thereby taking advantage of the high inter-sensor consistency The data record spans the 15-year period from March 1996 to June 2011 and it contains global monthly mean total ozone columns on a 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid Geophysical ground-based validation using Brewer, Dobson, and UV-visible instruments has shown that the GTO-ECV level 3 data record is of the same high quality as the equivalent individual level 2 data products that constitute it Both absolute agreement and long-term stability are excellent with respect to the ground-based data, for almost all latitudes apart from a few outliers which are mostly due to sampling differences between the level 2 and level 3 data We conclude that the GTO-ECV data record is valuable for a variety of climate applications such as the long-term monitoring of the past evolution of the ozone layer, trend analysis and the evaluation of chemistry-climate model simulations C1 [Coldewey-Egbers, M.; Loyola, D. G.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Wessling, Germany. [Koukouli, M.; Balis, D.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Lambert, J. -C.; Verhoelst, T.; Granville, J.; van Roozendael, M.; Lerot, C.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA, Brussels, Belgium. [Spurr, R.] RT Solut Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Frith, S. M.] NASA GSFC, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Zehner, C.] ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy. RP Coldewey-Egbers, M (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Wessling, Germany. OI Koukouli, Maria Elissavet/0000-0002-7509-4027; Balis, Dimitris/0000-0003-1161-7746 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 9 BP 3923 EP 3940 DI 10.5194/amt-8-3923-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0BF UT WOS:000362458000022 ER PT J AU McCoy, TJ Beck, AW Prettyman, TH Mittlefehldt, DW AF McCoy, Timothy J. Beck, Andrew W. Prettyman, Thomas H. Mittlefehldt, David W. TI Asteroid (4) Vesta II: Exploring a geologically and geochemically complex world with the Dawn Mission SO CHEMIE DER ERDE-GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Asteroid; Craters; Impacts; Meteorites; Dawn mission ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DIOGENITE PARENT BODY; OLIVINE DIOGENITES; POLYMICT BRECCIAS; NEUTRON DETECTOR; DARK MATERIAL; MAGMA OCEAN; GAMMA-RAY; CONSTRAINTS; METEORITES AB More than 200 years after its discovery, asteroid (4) Vesta is thought to be the parent body for the howardite, eucrite and diogenite (HED) meteorites. The Dawn spacecraft spent 14 months in orbit around this largest, intact differentiated asteroid to study its internal structure, geology, mineralogy and chemistry. Carrying a suite of instruments that included two framing cameras, a visible-near infrared spectrometer, and a gamma-ray and neutron detector, coupled with radio tracking for gravity, Dawn revealed a geologically and geochemically complex world. A constrained core size of similar to 110-130 km radius is consistent with predictions based on differentiation models for the HED meteorite parent body. Hubble Space Telescope observations had already shown that Vesta is scarred by a south polar basin comparable in diameter to that of the asteroid itself. Dawn showed that the south polar Rheasilvia basin dominates the asteroid, with a central uplift that rivals the large shield volcanoes of the Solar System in height. An older basin, Veneneia, partially underlies Rheasilvia. A series of graben-like equatorial and northern troughs were created during these massive impact events 1-2 Ga ago. These events also resurfaced much of the southern hemisphere and exposed deeper-seated diogenitic lithologies. Although the mineralogy and geochemistry vary across the surface for rock-forming elements and minerals, the range is small, suggesting that impact processes have efficiently homogenized the surface of Vesta at scales observed by the instruments on the Dawn spacecraft. The distribution of hydrogen is correlated with surface age, which likely results from the admixture of exogenic carbonaceous chondrites with Vesta's basaltic surface. Clasts of such material are observed within the surficial howardite meteorites in our collections. Dawn significantly strengthened the link between (4) Vesta and the HED meteorites, but the pervasive mixing, lack of a convincing and widespread detection of olivine, and poorly-constrained lateral and vertical extents of units leaves unanswered the central question of whether Vesta once had a magma ocean. Dawn is continuing its mission to the presumed ice-rich asteroid (1) Ceres. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [McCoy, Timothy J.; Beck, Andrew W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Beck, Andrew W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Prettyman, Thomas H.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Mittlefehldt, David W.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP McCoy, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM mccoyt@si.edu RI Beck, Andrew/J-7215-2015; OI Beck, Andrew/0000-0003-4455-2299; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 FU NASA Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist Program; Planetary Science Institute under NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory FX We thank the entire Dawn engineering and science teams, without whom this mission would not have succeeded. We thank the NASA Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist Program for funding for this work and Associate Editor Dr. Klaus Keil for inviting submission of this paper. Reviews by Vishnu Reddy, Jessica Sunshine and an anonymous reviewer significantly improved the manuscript. A portion of this work was carried out by the Planetary Science Institute under contract with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NR 85 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0009-2819 EI 1611-5864 J9 CHEM ERDE-GEOCHEM JI Chem Erde-Geochem. PY 2015 VL 75 IS 3 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.chemer.2014.12.001 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CU8UA UT WOS:000363818400001 ER PT S AU Gurfinkel, A Kahsai, T Komuravelli, A Navas, JA AF Gurfinkel, Arie Kahsai, Temesghen Komuravelli, Anvesh Navas, Jorge A. BE Kroening, D Pasareanu, CS TI The SeaHorn Verification Framework SO COMPUTER AIDED VERIFICATION, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification (CAV) CY JUL 18-24, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP Google, NASA, Fujitsu, SGT, Facebook, Microsoft, IBM, Cadence, Intel, Samsung ID C-PROGRAMS; ABSTRACTION; PREDICATE; SOFTWARE; SYSTEM AB In this paper, we present SeaHorn, a software verification framework. The key distinguishing feature of SeaHorn is its modular design that separates the concerns of the syntax of the programming language, its operational semantics, and the verification semantics. SeaHorn encompasses several novelties: it (a) encodes verification conditions using an efficient yet precise inter-procedural technique, (b) provides flexibility in the verification semantics to allow different levels of precision, (c) leverages the state-of-the-art in software model checking and abstract interpretation for verification, and (d) uses Horn-clauses as an intermediate language to represent verification conditions which simplifies interfacing with multiple verification tools based on Horn-clauses. SeaHorn provides users with a powerful verification tool and researchers with an extensible and customizable framework for experimenting with new software verification techniques. The effectiveness and scalability of SeaHorn are demonstrated by an extensive experimental evaluation using benchmarks from SV-COMP 2015 and real avionics code. C1 [Gurfinkel, Arie] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Software Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kahsai, Temesghen] Carnegie Mellon Univ, NASA Ames, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Komuravelli, Anvesh] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Navas, Jorge A.] NASA Ames, SGT, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Gurfinkel, A (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Software Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM arie@sei.emu.edu; temesghen.kahsaiazene@nasa.gov; anvesh@cs.cmu.edu; jorge.a.navaslaserna@nasa.gov NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-21690-4; 978-3-319-21689-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9206 BP 343 EP 361 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-21690-4_20 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD8QC UT WOS:000364182900020 ER PT S AU Oulamara, M Venet, AJ AF Oulamara, Mendes Venet, Arnaud J. BE Kroening, D Pasareanu, CS TI Abstract Interpretation with Higher-Dimensional Ellipsoids and Conic Extrapolation SO COMPUTER AIDED VERIFICATION, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification (CAV) CY JUL 18-24, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP Google, NASA, Fujitsu, SGT, Facebook, Microsoft, IBM, Cadence, Intel, Samsung DE Static analysis; Semidefinite programming; Ellipsoids; Conic extrapolation ID STATIC ANALYSIS AB The inference and the verification of numerical relationships among variables of a program is one of the main goals of static analysis. In this paper, we propose an Abstract Interpretation framework based on higher-dimensional ellipsoids to automatically discover symbolic quadratic invariants within loops, using loop counters as implicit parameters. In order to obtain non-trivial invariants, the diameter of the set of values taken by the numerical variables of the program has to evolve (sub-) linearly during loop iterations. These invariants are called ellipsoidal cones and can be seen as an extension of constructs used in the static analysis of digital filters. Semidefinite programming is used to both compute the numerical results of the domain operations and provide proofs (witnesses) of their correctness. C1 [Oulamara, Mendes] Ecole Normale Super, F-75005 Paris, France. [Venet, Arnaud J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Oulamara, M (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, 45 Rue Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France. EM mendes.oulamara@ens.fr; arnaud.venet@west.cmu.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-21690-4; 978-3-319-21689-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9206 BP 415 EP 430 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-21690-4_24 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD8QC UT WOS:000364182900024 ER PT J AU Crespo, LG Kenny, SP Giesy, DP AF Crespo, Luis G. Kenny, Sean P. Giesy, Daniel P. TI RANDOM PREDICTOR MODELS FOR RIGOROUS UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION LA English DT Article DE uncertainty quantification; representation of uncertainty; stochastic response surface method; random process; parameter estimation; optimization ID RELIABILITY; DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION; FEASIBILITY AB This paper proposes techniques for constructing linear parametric models describing key features of the distribution of an output variable given input-output data. By contrast to standard models, which yield a single output value at each value of the input, random predictors models (RPMs) yield a random variable. The strategies proposed yield models in which the mean, the variance, and the range of the model's parameters, thus, of the random process describing the output, are rigorously prescribed. As such, these strategies encompass all RPMs conforming to the prescription of these metrics (e.g., random variables and probability boxes describing the model's parameters, and random processes describing the output). Strategies for calculating optimal RPMs by solving a sequence of optimization programs are developed. The RPMs are optimal in the sense that they yield the tightest output ranges containing all (or, depending on the formulation, most) of the observations. Extensions that enable eliminating the effects of outliers in the data set are developed. When the data-generating mechanism is stationary, the data are independent, and the optimization program(s) used to calculate the RPM is convex (or, when its solution coincides with the solution to an auxiliary convex program), the reliability of the prediction, which is the probability that a future observation would fall within the predicted output range, is bounded rigorously using Scenario Optimization Theory. The reliability of the prediction, which is the probability that a future observation would fall within the predicted output range, is bounded rigorously via the scenario approach. This framework does not require making any assumptions on the underlying structure of the data-generating mechanism. C1 [Crespo, Luis G.; Kenny, Sean P.; Giesy, Daniel P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Crespo, LG (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 308, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Luis.G.Crespo@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 2152-5080 EI 2152-5099 J9 INT J UNCERTAIN QUAN JI Int. J. Uncertain. Quantif. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 5 BP 469 EP 489 DI 10.1615/Int.J.UncertaintyQuantification.2015013799 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA CV2RK UT WOS:000364104200005 ER PT J AU Kirschbaum, DB Stanley, T Simmons, J AF Kirschbaum, D. B. Stanley, T. Simmons, J. TI A dynamic landslide hazard assessment system for Central America and Hispaniola SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; GLOBAL LANDSLIDE; SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; DURATION CONTROL; SOIL-MOISTURE; DEBRIS FLOWS; INTENSITY; PRECIPITATION; HIMALAYA AB Landslides pose a serious threat to life and property in Central America and the Caribbean Islands. In order to allow regionally coordinated situational awareness and disaster response, an online decision support system was created. At its core is a new flexible framework for evaluating potential landslide activity in near real time: Landslide Hazard Assessment for Situational Awareness. This framework was implemented in Central America and the Caribbean by integrating a regional susceptibility map and satellite-based rainfall estimates into a binary decision tree, considering both daily and antecedent rainfall. Using a regionally distributed, percentile-based threshold approach, the model outputs a pixel-by-pixel nowcast in near real time at a resolution of 30 arcsec to identify areas of moderate and high landslide hazard. The daily and antecedent rainfall thresholds in the model are calibrated using a subset of the Global Landslide Catalog in Central America available for 2007-2013. The model was then evaluated with data for 2014. Results suggest reasonable model skill over Central America and poorer performance over Hispaniola due primarily to the limited availability of calibration and validation data. The landslide model framework presented here demonstrates the capability to utilize globally available satellite products for regional landslide hazard assessment. It also provides a flexible framework to interchange the individual model components and adjust or calibrate thresholds based on access to new data and calibration sources. The availability of free satellite-based near real-time rainfall data allows the creation of similar models for any study area with a spatiotemporal record of landslide events. This method may also incorporate other hydrological or atmospheric variables such as numerical weather forecasts or satellite-based soil moisture estimates within this decision tree approach for improved hazard analysis. C1 [Kirschbaum, D. B.; Stanley, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stanley, T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Simmons, J.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Kirschbaum, DB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dalia.b.kirschbaum@nasa.gov OI Stanley, Thomas/0000-0003-2288-0363 FU NASA SERVIR Program [NNH11ZDA001N-SERVIR] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the individuals who helped to develop the GLC, including Stephanie Hill, Lynne Shupp, Teddy Allen, Pradeep Adhikari, Lauren Redmond, David Adler, Kimberly Rodgers, Lee Sanders, Benjamin Hall and Melanie Franchek. We would also like to thank the individuals who provided expertise in developing the regional susceptibility map used in this study, including Soni Yatheendradas and Jose Cepeda. A special thank you to Pat Cappelaere for developing the online prototype of this model and the landslide catalog interface. This work was supported by the NASA SERVIR Program, NNH11ZDA001N-SERVIR. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 2257 EP 2272 DI 10.5194/nhess-15-2257-2015 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CV5RJ UT WOS:000364328400007 ER PT S AU Johnson, C Feary, M Martinie, C Palanque, P Peldszus, R AF Johnson, Chris Feary, Mike Martinie, Celia Palanque, Phil Peldszus, Regina BE Abascal, J Barbosa, S Fetter, M Gross, T Palanque, P Winckler, M TI IFIP WG 13.5 Workshop on Resilience, Reliability, Safety and Human Error in System Development SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2015, PT IV SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IFIP TC.13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT) CY SEP 14-18, 2015 CL Bamberg, GERMANY SP Int Federat Informat Proc Tech Comm 13, Univ Bamberg, Microsoft Res, Oxford Univ Press, SAP, Noldus AB This workshop focusses on the issues of bringing together several properties to interactive systems. While research in the field of HCI is mainly targeting at Usability and user experience (UX) this workshop focusses on Resilience, Reliability and Safety. It is organized by the IFIP Working Group 13.5 on Resilience, Reliability, Safety and Human Error in System Development. The goal of the workshop is to bring together researchers and practitioners from these various disciplines or their related application domains (such as nuclear, space, aeronautics, healthcare.) to discuss real-life case studies featuring success and/or failure stories of development processes that target resilient interactive systems and take into reliability, safety and human errors for interactive systems. The objective of the workshop is to produce a structured roadmap and a research agenda for the design, construction and assessment of resilient interactive systems. C1 [Johnson, Chris] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QJ, Lanark, Scotland. [Feary, Mike] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. [Martinie, Celia; Palanque, Phil] Univ Toulouse 3, ICS IRIT, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Peldszus, Regina] Leuphana Univ, MECS, D-21335 Luneburg, Germany. RP Palanque, P (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, ICS IRIT, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM johnson@dcs.gla.ac.uk; michael.s.feary@nasa.gov; martinie@irit.fr; palanque@irit.fr; regina@spaceflightdesign.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-22723-8; 978-3-319-22722-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9299 BP 663 EP 664 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22723-8_91 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD8CQ UT WOS:000363805500091 ER PT J AU Tang, M Arevalo, R Goreva, Y McDonough, WF AF Tang, Ming Arevalo, Ricardo, Jr. Goreva, Yulia McDonough, William F. TI Elemental fractionation during condensation of plasma plumes generated by laser ablation: a ToF-SIMS study of condensate blankets SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LA-ICP-MS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; SILICATE GLASS; NANOSECOND; BRASS; AEROSOLS AB Ion imaging of the condensate blanket around a laser ablation site provides a window to study elemental fractionation during condensation of a plasma plume. Here we used a Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (ToF-SIMS) to conduct depth profiling of the condensate blanket produced by excimer 193 nm laser ablation of NIST 610 glass. Compositional zonings (Ca normalized) revealed by ToF-SIMS are associated with texture gradients in the condensate blanket, as characterized by Secondary Electron Microprobe (SEM) images. Elements that are more volatile than Ca are relatively enriched in the inner zones (proximal to the ablation site) while more refractory elements are variable in their distributions. Volatility and ionization potential exert influence on elemental fractionation in plasma plume condensation processes as documented by the contrasting fractionation behaviors of alkaline and alkaline earth metals. Compositional zonings in the condensate blanket are due to physical and chemical zonings (e.g., temperature, pressure, electron density, speciation, etc.) within the condensing plume as it expands and cools. Zoned condensation may be a primary mechanism driving the elemental fractionation associated with laser ablation. C1 [Tang, Ming; McDonough, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Arevalo, Ricardo, Jr.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Goreva, Yulia] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Tang, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tangmyes@gmail.com RI McDonough, William/I-7720-2012 OI McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673 FU NSF [EAR-0739006, EAR-0948549]; NASA [NNX14AF27G]; Deep Carbon Observatory; graduate school of University of Maryland (Ann G. Wylie Fellowship) FX This project is funded by NSF grants EAR-0739006 and EAR-0948549. The first author also appreciates the support from the graduate school of the University of Maryland (Ann G. Wylie Fellowship). ToF-SIMS work (Yulia Goreva) was supported by NASA grant NNX14AF27G and funding from Deep Carbon Observatory. We thank editor Harriet Brewerton for handling our paper, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 EI 1364-5544 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2015 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2316 EP 2322 DI 10.1039/c5ja00320b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA CU5PF UT WOS:000363583700005 ER PT J AU Seu, CS Davis, VK Pasalic, J Bugga, RV AF Seu, Candace S. Davis, Victoria K. Pasalic, Jasmina Bugga, Ratnakumar V. TI Aluminum Borate Coating on High-Voltage Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LI2MNO3-LIMO2 M; HIGH-CAPACITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; IRREVERSIBLE CAPACITY; MANGANESE OXIDE; MN; NI; ELECTRODES; MECHANISM; LICOO2 AB Li-rich layered-layered nickel manganese cobalt oxides (LLNMC) of the type Li2MnO3-LiMO2 (M = Mn, Co, Ni) are promising cathode materials due to their higher specific capacities and discharge voltages compared to state of art materials. However, these materials have yet to exhibit adequate cycle life and power characteristics in practical cells, partly due to the instability of electrolytes at these high voltages. Thin coatings of inorganic materials such as Al2O3, AlPO4, and ALF(3) have been shown to minimize these degradation processes, especially on high voltage cathodes. Here, we report the use of a new aluminum borate-based coating material on the LLNMC cathode at high active mass loadings. AlBO3-coated cathodes demonstrate a sevenfold increase in lifetime compared to uncoated material, as well as higher specific discharge energies vs. analogous AlPO4-coated materials. SEM and TEM confirm the thin coatings of amorphous material. Detailed electrochemical studies including Tafel polarization, PITT, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) show that the AlBO3 coating improves the kinetics of electron transfer. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. C1 [Seu, Candace S.; Davis, Victoria K.; Pasalic, Jasmina; Bugga, Ratnakumar V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Seu, CS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Ratnakumar.V.Bugga@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA's Space Power Systems Technology Development Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors acknowledge the funding support of NASA's Space Power Systems Technology Development Program. This work benefited from use of the Applied Physics and Materials Science Department's Transmission Electron Microscopy Facility at Caltech. The authors thank Greg Krumdick and his team at the Argonne National Laboratory for providing the LLNMC cathode material and Peter Faguy for funding that effort. The authors acknowledge technical assistance and useful discussions with Carol Garland of the Caltech TEM Facility, Dr. Chi Ma of the Caltech Geological and Planetary Sciences Division Analytical Facility (SEM), and Dr. Joel Commisso and Dr. Austin Cole of the UC Davis Interdisciplinary Center for Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Finally, we thank Marshall Smart and Charlie Krause of JPL for providing the electrolytes for this study. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 12 BP A2259 EP A2265 DI 10.1149/2.0161512jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CU5VO UT WOS:000363600300006 ER PT S AU Filieri, A Frias, MF Pasareanu, CS Visser, W AF Filieri, Antonio Frias, Marcelo F. Pasareanu, Corina S. Visser, Willem BE Fischer, B Geldenhuys, J TI Model Counting for Complex Data Structures SO MODEL CHECKING SOFTWARE, SPIN 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International SPIN Symposium on Model Checking of Software (SPIN) CY AUG 24-26, 2015 CL Stellenbosch, SOUTH AFRICA SP SPIN DE Model counting; Probabilistic software analysis; Symbolic execution ID SYMBOLIC EXECUTION; VERIFICATION; CHECKING AB We extend recent approaches for calculating the probability of program behaviors, to allow model counting for complex data structures with numeric fields. We use symbolic execution with lazy initialization to compute the input structures leading to the occurrence of a target event, while keeping a symbolic representation of the constraints on the numeric data. Off-the-shelf model counting tools are used to count the solutions for numerical constraints and field bounds encoding data structure invariants are used to reduce the search space. The technique is implemented in the Symbolic PathFinder tool and evaluated on several complex data structures. Results show that the technique is much faster than an enumeration-based method that uses the Korat tool and also highlight the benefits of using the field bounds to speed up the analysis. C1 [Filieri, Antonio] Univ Stuttgart, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Frias, Marcelo F.] Inst Tecnol Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Frias, Marcelo F.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Pasareanu, Corina S.] NASA Ames, Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley, Moffet Field, Mountain View, CA USA. [Visser, Willem] Univ Stellenbosch, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Filieri, A (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. EM antonio.filieri@gmail.com NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-23404-5; 978-3-319-23403-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9232 BP 222 EP 241 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-23404-5_15 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD8CC UT WOS:000363788300015 ER PT J AU Farrell, SL Brunt, KM Ruth, JM Kuhn, JM Connor, LN Walsh, KM AF Farrell, Sinead L. Brunt, Kelly M. Ruth, Julia M. Kuhn, John M. Connor, Laurence N. Walsh, Kaitlin M. TI Sea-ice freeboard retrieval using digital photon-counting laser altimetry SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polar and subpolar oceans; remote sensing; sea ice ID EXPERIMENTAL LIDAR MABEL; ICESAT-2 MISSION; THICKNESS; SHEET AB Airborne and spaceborne altimeters provide measurements of sea-ice elevation, from which sea-ice freeboard and thickness may be derived. Observations of the Arctic ice pack by satellite altimeters indicate a significant decline in ice thickness, and volume, over the last decade. NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) is a next-generation laser altimeter designed to continue key sea-ice observations through the end of this decade. An airborne simulator for ICESat-2, the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), has been deployed to gather pre-launch data for mission development. We present an analysis of MABEL data gathered over sea ice in the Greenland Sea and assess the capabilities of photon-counting techniques for sea-ice freeboard retrieval. We compare freeboard estimates in the marginal ice zone derived from MABEL photon-counting data with coincident data collected by a conventional airborne laser altimeter. We find that freeboard estimates agree to within 0.03 m in the areas where sea-ice floes were interspersed with wide leads, and to within 0.07 m elsewhere. MABEL data may also be used to infer sea-ice thickness, and when compared with coincident but independent ice thickness estimates, MABEL ice thicknesses agreed to within 0.65 m or better. C1 [Farrell, Sinead L.; Brunt, Kelly M.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Farrell, Sinead L.; Kuhn, John M.; Connor, Laurence N.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA. [Farrell, Sinead L.; Brunt, Kelly M.; Walsh, Kaitlin M.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Ruth, Julia M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Walsh, Kaitlin M.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. RP Farrell, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sineadf@umd.edu RI Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011; Kuhn, John/F-5602-2010; Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010 OI Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257; Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751 FU NASA Cryospheric Sciences grant [NNX12AH28G] FX The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy or decision. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. We acknowledge the considerable efforts of the Project, Science and Instrument Teams of NASA's ICESat-2, MABEL and OIB missions for their collection, processing and dissemination of the remote-sensing data utilized in this study. MABEL data and documentation are available at http://icesat.gsfc.nasa.gov/icesat2/data/mabel/mabel_docs.php. IceBridge data utilized in this study are archived at the NSIDC: the IceBridge ATM Level-1B Elevation and Return Strength (ILATM1B) dataset is available at http://nsidc.org/data/ilatm1b.html, the DMS L1 B Geolocated and Orthorectified Images (IODMS1B) dataset is available at http://nsidc.org/data/iodms1b.html, and the IceBridge Sea Ice Freeboard, Snow Depth, and Thickness (IDCS12) dataset is available at http://nsidc.org/ data/idcsi2.html. This work was supported under NASA Cryospheric Sciences grant NNX12AH28G. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 56 IS 69 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.3189/2015AoG69A686 PN 1 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CT8RE UT WOS:000363082900021 ER PT J AU Ma, JM Clarke, SM Zeier, WG Vo, T Von Allmen, P Snyder, GJ Kaner, RB Fleurial, JP Bux, SK AF Ma, James M. Clarke, Samantha M. Zeier, Wolfgang G. Vo, Trinh Von Allmen, Paul Snyder, G. Jeffrey Kaner, Richard B. Fleurial, Jean-Pierre Bux, Sabah K. TI Mechanochemical synthesis and high temperature thermoelectric properties of calcium-doped lanthanum telluride La3-xCaxTe4 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID POWER-GENERATION AB The thermoelectric properties from 300-1275 K of calcium-doped La3-xTe4 are reported. La3-xTe4 is a high temperature n-type thermoelectric material with a previously reported zT(max) similar to 1.1 at 1273 K and x = 0.23. Computational modeling suggests the La atoms define the density of states of the conduction band for La3-xTe4. Doping with Ca2+ on the La3+ site is explored as a means of modifying the density of states to improve the power factor and to achieve a finer control over the carrier concentration. High purity, oxide-free samples are produced by ball milling of the elements and consolidation by spark plasma sintering. Calcium substitution upon the lanthanum site was confirmed by a combination of Rietveld refinements of powder X-ray diffraction data and wave dispersive spectroscopy. A zT(max) similar to 1.2 is reached at 1273 K for the composition La2.2Ca0.78Te4 and the relative increase compared to La3-xTe4 is attributed to the finer carrier concentration. C1 [Ma, James M.; Clarke, Samantha M.; Vo, Trinh; Von Allmen, Paul; Fleurial, Jean-Pierre; Bux, Sabah K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Thermal Energy Convers Technol, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ma, James M.; Clarke, Samantha M.; Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90092 USA. [Zeier, Wolfgang G.; Snyder, G. Jeffrey] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90092 USA. RP Bux, SK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Thermal Energy Convers Technol, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sabah.k.bux@jpl.nasa.gov RI Zeier, Wolfgang/N-2562-2014 FU NASA Science Missions Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems Technology Advancement Program; NSF IGERT: Materials Creation Training Program (MCTP) [DGE-0654431]; California NanoSystems Institute; EFRC Solid-State Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion Center (S3TEC) [DE-SC0001299]; Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) through CalTech; Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) through JPL; UCLA MSD Scholars Program FX The authors would also like to thank Frank T. Kyte (Earth and Space Science Institute, UCLA) for his assistance in electron microprobe analysis. This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported by the NASA Science Missions Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems Technology Advancement Program. Support was also provided in part by NSF IGERT: Materials Creation Training Program (MCTP) - DGE-0654431, the California NanoSystems Institute, EFRC Solid-State Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion Center (S3TEC) award number DE-SC0001299, the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) through CalTech and JPL, and the UCLA MSD Scholars Program. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2015 VL 3 IS 40 BP 10459 EP 10466 DI 10.1039/c5tc01648g PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CU1AO UT WOS:000363251600016 ER PT J AU Chanakian, S Aydemir, U Zevalkink, A Gibbs, ZM Fleurial, JP Bux, S Snyder, GJ AF Chanakian, Sevan Aydemir, Umut Zevalkink, Alex Gibbs, Zachary M. Fleurial, Jean-Pierre Bux, Sabah Snyder, G. Jeffrey TI High temperature thermoelectric properties of Zn-doped Eu5In2Sb6 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ZINTL PHASES; POWER-GENERATION; EFFICIENCY; CHEMISTRY; COMPOUND; ELECTRON; BAND AB The complex bonding environment of many ternary Zintl phases, which often results in low thermal conductivity, makes them strong contenders as thermoelectric materials. Here, we extend the investigation of A(5)In(2)Sb(6) Zintl compounds with the Ca5Ga2As6 crystal structure to the only known rare-earth analogue: Eu5In2Sb6. Zn-doped samples with compositions of Eu5In2-xZnxSb6 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) were synthesized via ball milling followed by hot pressing. Eu5In2Sb6 showed significant improvements in air stability relative to its alkaline earth metal analogues. Eu5In2Sb6 exhibits semi-conducting behavior with possible two band behavior suggested by increasing band mass as a function of Zn content, and two distinct transitions observed in optical absorption measurements (at 0.15 and 0.27 eV). The p-type Hall mobility of Eu5In2Sb6 was found to be much larger than that of the alkaline earth containing A(5)In(2)Sb(6) phases (A = Sr, Ca) consistent with the reduced hole effective mass (1.1 me). Zn doping was successful in optimizing the carrier concentration, leading to a zT of up to 0.4 at similar to 660 K, which is comparable to that of Zn-doped Sr5In2Sb6. C1 [Chanakian, Sevan; Aydemir, Umut; Zevalkink, Alex; Snyder, G. Jeffrey] CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys & Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zevalkink, Alex; Fleurial, Jean-Pierre; Bux, Sabah] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Thermal Energy Convers Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA USA. [Gibbs, Zachary M.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Aydemir, U (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys & Mat Sci, 1200 Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM uaydemir@caltech.edu RI Aydemir, Umut/P-8424-2015 OI Aydemir, Umut/0000-0003-1164-1973 FU NASA Science Missions Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems Technology Advancement Program; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey FX This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and was supported by the NASA Science Missions Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems Technology Advancement Program. U.A. acknowledges the financial assistance of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. We would like to acknowledge the Molecular Materials Research Center (MMRC) at Caltech for allowing use of their instruments for the optical measurements obtained in this work. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2015 VL 3 IS 40 BP 10518 EP 10524 DI 10.1039/c5tc01645b PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CU1AO UT WOS:000363251600023 ER PT J AU Hu, YF Bux, SK Grebenkemper, JH Kauzlarich, SM AF Hu, Yufei Bux, Sabah K. Grebenkemper, Jason H. Kauzlarich, Susan M. TI The effect of light rare earth element substitution in Yb14MnSb11 on thermoelectric properties SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; HIGH FIGURE; SEEBECK COEFFICIENT; ZINTL COMPOUNDS; MERIT; PERFORMANCE; SKUTTERUDITES; YB14MN1-XALXSB11; SEMICONDUCTOR; EFFICIENCY AB After the discovery of Yb14MnSb11 as an outstanding p-type thermoelectric material for high temperatures (>= 900 K), site substitution of other elements has been proven to be an effective method to further optimize the thermoelectric properties. Yb14-xRExMnSb11 (RE = Pr and Sm, 0 < x < 0.55) compounds were prepared by powder metallurgy to study their thermoelectric properties. According to powder X-ray diffraction, these samples are iso-structural with Yb14MnSb11 and when more than 5% RE is used in the synthesis the presence of (Yb,RE)(4)Sb-3 is apparent after synthesis. After consolidation and measurement, (Yb, RE)Sb and (Yb,RE)(11)Sb-10 appear in the powder X-ray diffraction patterns. Electron microprobe analysis results show that consolidated pellets have small (Yb, RE) Sb domains and that the maximum amount of RE in Yb14-xRExMnSb11 is x = 0.55, however, (Yb,RE)(11)Sb-10 cannot be distinguished by electron microprobe analysis. By replacing Yb2+ with RE3+, one extra electron is introduced into Yb14MnSb11 and the carrier concentration is adjusted. Thermoelectric performance from room temperature to 1275 K was evaluated through transport and thermal conductivity measurements. The measurement shows that Seebeck coefficients initially increase and then remain stable and that electrical resistivity increases with substitutions. Thermal conductivity is slightly reduced. Substitution of Pr and Sm leads to enhanced zT. Yb13.82Pr0.18Mn1.01Sb10.9(has the best maximum zT value of similar to 1.2 at 1275 K, while Yb13.80Sm0.19Mn1.00Sb11.02 has its maximum zT of similar to 1.0 at 1275 K, respectively, similar to 45% and similar to 30% higher than Yb14MnSb11 prepared in the same manner. C1 [Hu, Yufei; Grebenkemper, Jason H.; Kauzlarich, Susan M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bux, Sabah K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kauzlarich, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM smkauzlarich@ucdavis.edu FU ASA Science Mission Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems; NEUP FX Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate's Radioisotope Power Systems. We also thank Jinfeng Zhao (UC Davis) for her help in SPS and Nick Botto (UC Davis) for his help in the electron microprobe analysis. Financial support from NEUP is gratefully acknowledged. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2015 VL 3 IS 40 BP 10566 EP 10573 DI 10.1039/c5tc02326b PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CU1AO UT WOS:000363251600028 ER PT S AU Khor, WY Lolli, S Hee, WS Lim, HS Jafri, MZM Benedetti, A Jones, L AF Khor, Wei Ying Lolli, Simone Hee, Wan Shen Lim, Hwee San Jafri, M. Z. Mat Benedetti, Angela Jones, Luke BE Rahman, FA ThianKhok, Y YeongNan, P HorngSheng, L TI Lidar Measurements During A Haze Episode In Penang, Malaysia And Validation Of The ECMWF MACC-II Model SO NATIONAL PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2014 (PERFIK 2014) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Physics Conference (PERFIK) CY NOV 18-19, 2014 CL Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA SP Univ Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysian Inst Phys DE API; ECMWF MACC-II model; Haze; Lidar; Planetary boundary layer ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRANSPORT AB Haze is a phenomenon which occurs when there is a great amount of tiny particulates suspended in the atmosphere. During the period of March 2014, a long period of haze event occurred in Penang, Malaysia. The haze condition was measured and monitored using a ground-based Lidar system. By using the measurements obtained, we evaluated the performance of the ECMWF MACC-II model. Lidar measurements showed that there was a thick aerosol layer confined in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) with extinction coefficients exceeding values of 0.3 km(-1). The model however has underestimated the atmospheric conditions in Penang. Backward trajectories analysis was performed to identify aerosols sources and transport. It is speculated that the aerosols came from the North-East direction which was influenced by the North-East monsoon wind and some originated from the central eastern coast of Sumatra along the Straits of Malacca. C1 [Khor, Wei Ying; Hee, Wan Shen; Lim, Hwee San; Jafri, M. Z. Mat] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Phys, George Town 11800, Malaysia. [Lolli, Simone] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Benedetti, Angela; Jones, Luke] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. RP Khor, WY (reprint author), Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Phys, George Town 11800, Malaysia. RI Lim, Hwee San/F-6580-2010 OI Lim, Hwee San/0000-0002-4835-8015 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1299-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1657 AR 130002 DI 10.1063/1.4915233 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BD7KM UT WOS:000363243500084 ER PT J AU Holdaway, D Kent, J AF Holdaway, Daniel Kent, James TI Assessing the tangent linear behaviour of common tracer transport schemes and their use in a linearised atmospheric general circulation model SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Meteorology; dynamics; adjoint; data assimilation; tangent linear model; advection; transport ID ADVECTION SCHEMES; DATA ASSIMILATION; ACCURACY; ADJOINT; CONTEXT; PPM AB The linearity of a selection of common advection schemes is tested and examined with a view to their use in the tangent linear and adjoint versions of an atmospheric general circulation model. The schemes are tested within a simple offline one-dimensional periodic domain as well as using a simplified and complete configuration of the linearised version of NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5). All schemes which prevent the development of negative values and preserve the shape of the solution are confirmed to have non-linear behaviour. The piecewise parabolic method (PPM) with certain flux limiters, including that used by default in GEOS-5, is found to support linear growth near the shocks. This property can cause the rapid development of unrealistically large perturbations within the tangent linear and adjoint models. It is shown that these schemes with flux limiters should not be used within the linearised version of a transport scheme. The results from tests using GEOS-5 show that the current default scheme (a version of PPM) is not suitable for the tangent linear and adjoint model, and that using a linear third-order scheme for the linearised model produces better behaviour. Using the third-order scheme for the linearised model improves the correlations between the linear and non-linear perturbation trajectories for cloud liquid water and cloud liquid ice in GEOS-5. C1 [Holdaway, Daniel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Holdaway, Daniel] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA. [Kent, James] Univ South Wales, Comp & Math, Pontypridd, M Glam, Wales. [Kent, James] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Holdaway, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dan.holdaway@nasa.gov RI Holdaway, Daniel/Q-5198-2016 OI Holdaway, Daniel/0000-0002-3672-2588 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2015 VL 67 AR 27895 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v67.27895 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CU3CE UT WOS:000363400400001 ER PT J AU Trammell, JH Jiang, X Li, LM Liang, MC Li, M Zhou, J Fetzer, E Yung, Y AF Trammell, James H. Jiang, Xun Li, Liming Liang, Maochang Li, Mao Zhou, Jing Fetzer, Eric Yung, Yuk TI Investigation of Precipitation Variations over Wet and Dry Areas from Observation and Model SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL PRECIPITATION; CLIMATOLOGY; VARIABILITY; CYCLE; CIRCULATION AB Our observational study revealed that the precipitation increased over the wet area and decreased over the dry area during the past two decades. Here, we further investigate whether the current atmospheric models can quantitatively capture the characteristics of precipitation from the observation. The NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) model is used to examine the historic simulation of the precipitation, in which the historic greenhouse gases and aerosols are included in the radiative forcing. The consistency between the historic GISS simulation and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) precipitation suggests that the model can qualitatively capture the temporal trends of precipitation over the wet and dry areas. However, the precipitation trends are weaker in the model than in the observation. The observed trends of precipitation do not appear in the control simulation with the fixed concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols, which suggests that the global warming due to anthropogenic forcing can influence the temporal variations of precipitation over the wet and dry areas. Diagnostic studies of other variables from the model further suggest that enhanced rising air can increase the precipitation over the wet area. C1 [Trammell, James H.; Jiang, Xun] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Li, Liming] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX USA. [Liang, Maochang] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Li, Mao] Hunan Meteorol Adm, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Jing] Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Fetzer, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA USA. [Yung, Yuk] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Jiang, X (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM xjiang7@uh.edu FU NASA ROSES NEWS [NNX13AC04G]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This work was supported by the NASA ROSES-2010 NEWS Grant NNX13AC04G. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2015 AR 981092 DI 10.1155/2015/981092 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT4IJ UT WOS:000362769500001 ER PT J AU Medley, B Ligtenberg, SRM Joughin, I van den Broeke, MR Gogineni, S Nowicki, S AF Medley, B. Ligtenberg, S. R. M. Joughin, I. van den Broeke, M. R. Gogineni, S. Nowicki, S. TI Antarctic firn compaction rates from repeat-track airborne radar data: I. Methods SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accumulation; ground-penetrating radar; polar firn ID WEST ANTARCTICA; ICE-SHEET; SNOW ACCUMULATION; MASS-BALANCE; POLAR FIRN; DENSIFICATION; GREENLAND; VARIABILITY; ELEVATION; MODEL AB While measurements of ice-sheet surface elevation change are increasingly used to assess mass change, the processes that control the elevation fluctuations not related to ice-flow dynamics (e.g. firn compaction and accumulation) remain difficult to measure. Here we use radar data from the Thwaites Glacier (West Antarctica) catchment to measure the rate of thickness change between horizons of constant age over different time intervals: 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2009-11. The average compaction rate to similar to 25 m depth is 0.33 m a(-1), with largest compaction rates near the surface. Our measurements indicate that the accumulation rate controls much of the spatio-temporal variations in the compaction rate while the role of temperature is unclear due to a lack of measurements. Based on a semi-empirical, steady-state densification model, we find that surveying older firn horizons minimizes the potential bias resulting from the variable depth of the constant age horizon. Our results suggest that the spatio-temporal variations in the firn compaction rate are an important consideration when converting surface elevation change to ice mass change. Compaction rates varied by up to 0.12 m a(-1) over distances <6 km and were on average >20% larger during the 2010-11 interval than during 2009-10. C1 [Medley, B.; Nowicki, S.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ligtenberg, S. R. M.; van den Broeke, M. R.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Joughin, I.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Gogineni, S.] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Medley, B (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM brooke.c.medley@nasa.gov RI Van den Broeke, Michiel/F-7867-2011 OI Van den Broeke, Michiel/0000-0003-4662-7565 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [ANT-0631973, ANT-0424589]; Utrecht University; Netherlands Polar Programme of the Earth and Life Sciences division of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (ALW/NWO); NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program; NSF OPP grant [ANT-0424589]; NASA [NNX09AR77G, NNG10HP19C, NNX10AT68G] FX We thank C. Miege and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments. B. Medley was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The research at the University of Washington (I. Joughin, B. Medley) was supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) grants ANT-0631973 and ANT-0424589. S.R.M. Ligtenberg and M.R. van den Broeke acknowledge support from Utrecht University and the Netherlands Polar Programme of the Earth and Life Sciences division of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (ALW/NWO). S. Nowicki acknowledges support from the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program. Radar development, data collection and processing are partially supported by NSF OPP grant ANT-0424589 and NASA under grants NNX09AR77G, NNG10HP19C and NNX10AT68G. We also acknowledge the generous contribution of faculty, staff and students at CReSIS in collecting and processing the data. Most of the data used in this work were acquired by NASA's Operation IceBridge Project. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 56 IS 70 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.3189/2015AoG70A203 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CT7NL UT WOS:000363001700019 ER PT J AU Ligtenberg, SRM Medley, B van den Broeke, MR Kuipers Munneke, P AF Ligtenberg, S. R. M. Medley, B. van den Broeke, M. R. Kuipers Munneke, P. TI Antarctic firn compaction rates from repeat-track airborne radar data: II. Firn model evaluation SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accumulation; Antarctic glaciology; ground-penetrating radar; polar firn; snow metamorphosis ID SURFACE MASS-BALANCE; ICE-SHEET; ACCUMULATION VARIABILITY; DENSIFICATION; SNOW; GREENLAND; WIND; ELEVATION; ALTIMETRY; ADELIE AB The thickness and density of the Antarctic firn layer vary considerably in time and space, thereby contributing to ice-sheet volume and mass changes. Distinguishing between these mass and volume changes is important for ice-sheet mass-balance studies. Evolution of firn layer depth and density is often modeled, because direct measurements are scarce. Here we directly compare modeled firn compaction rates with observed rates obtained from repeat-track airborne radar data over a 2 year interval (2009-11) in West Antarctica. Spatially, the observed compaction rates exhibit significant variability, but when averaged to scales comparable to the model resolution (20-50 km), the measurements and model results qualitatively agree. A colder and drier period preceding the 2009 survey led to lower compaction rates during the 2009-10 interval, when compared to 2010-11, which is partly captured by the firn model. Spatially, higher compaction rates are observed and modeled in warmer regions with higher accumulation. C1 [Ligtenberg, S. R. M.; van den Broeke, M. R.; Kuipers Munneke, P.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Medley, B.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Ligtenberg, SRM (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM s.r.m.ligtenberg@uu.nl RI Van den Broeke, Michiel/F-7867-2011; OI Van den Broeke, Michiel/0000-0003-4662-7565; Kuipers Munneke, Peter/0000-0001-5555-3831 FU Utrecht University; Netherlands Polar Programme of the Earth and Life Sciences division of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (ALW/NWO) FX Stefan R.M. Ligtenberg, Michiel R. van den Broeke and Peter Kuipers Munneke acknowledge support from Utrecht University and the Netherlands Polar Programme of the Earth and Life Sciences division of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (ALW/NWO). B. Medley was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 56 IS 70 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.3189/2015AoG70A204 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CT7NL UT WOS:000363001700020 ER PT J AU Meier, WN Fetterer, F Stewart, JS Helfrich, S AF Meier, Walter N. Fetterer, Florence Stewart, J. Scott Helfrich, Sean TI How do sea-ice concentrations from operational data compare with passive microwave estimates? Implications for improved model evaluations and forecasting SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; sea ice; sea-ice modelling ID ALGORITHM; IMAGER AB Passive microwave sensors have produced a 35 year record of sea-ice concentration variability and change. Operational analyses combine a variety of remote-sensing inputs and other sources via manual integration to create high-resolution, accurate charts of ice conditions in support of navigation and operational forecast models. One such product is the daily Multisensor Analyzed Sea Ice Extent (MASIE). The higher spatial resolution along with multiple input data and manual analysis potentially provide more precise mapping of the ice edge than passive microwave estimates. However, since MASIE is based on an operational product, estimates may be inconsistent over time due to variations in input data quality and availability. Comparisons indicate that MASIE shows higher Arctic-wide extent values throughout most of the year, largely because of the limitations of passive microwave sensors in some conditions (e.g. surface melt). However, during some parts of the year, MASIE tends to indicate less ice than estimated by passive microwave sensors. These comparisons yield a better understanding of operational and research sea-ice data products; this in turn has important implications for their use in climate and weather models. C1 [Meier, Walter N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fetterer, Florence; Stewart, J. Scott] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Helfrich, Sean] US Natl Ice Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Meier, WN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM walt.meier@nasa.gov OI Meier, Walter/0000-0003-2857-0550 FU University of Southern Mississippi, USA; Naval Research Laboratory at Stennis Space Center, MS; US Navy; NIC; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This research was supported by a grant from the University of Southern Mississippi, USA, and the Naval Research Laboratory at Stennis Space Center, MS. The MASIE product was developed with funding from the US Navy and the NIC. The MASIE and SII products are maintained through support by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We thank Pam Posey and fellow researchers at NRL Stennis for feedback and support. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2015 VL 56 IS 69 BP 332 EP 340 DI 10.3189/2015AoG69A694 PN 2 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CT8RH UT WOS:000363083200013 ER PT J AU Canty, TP Hembeck, L Vinciguerra, TP Anderson, DC Goldberg, DL Carpenter, SF Allen, DJ Loughner, CP Salawitch, RJ Dickerson, RR AF Canty, T. P. Hembeck, L. Vinciguerra, T. P. Anderson, D. C. Goldberg, D. L. Carpenter, S. F. Allen, D. J. Loughner, C. P. Salawitch, R. J. Dickerson, R. R. TI Ozone and NOx chemistry in the eastern US: evaluation of CMAQ/CB05 with satellite (OMI) data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; MID-ATLANTIC STATES; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC NO2; ALKYL NITRATES; DISCOVER-AQ; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ISOPRENE PHOTOOXIDATION; EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM AB Regulatory air quality models, such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ), are used by federal and state agencies to guide policy decisions that determine how to best achieve adherence with National Ambient Air Quality Standards for surface ozone. We use observations of ozone and its important precursor NO2 to test the representation of the photochemistry and emission of ozone precursors within CMAQ. Observations of tropospheric column NO2 from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), retrieved by two independent groups, show that the model overestimates urban NO2 and underestimates rural NO2 under all conditions examined for July and August 2011 in the US Northeast. The overestimate of the urban to rural ratio of tropospheric column NO2 for this baseline run of CMAQ (CB05 mechanism, mobile NOx emissions from the National Emissions Inventory; isoprene emissions from MEGAN v2.04) suggests this model may underestimate the importance of interstate transport of NOx. This CMAQ simulation leads to a considerable overestimate of the 2-month average of 8 h daily maximum surface ozone in the US Northeast, as well as an overestimate of 8 h ozone at AQS sites during days when the state of Maryland experienced NAAQS exceedances. We have implemented three changes within CMAQ motivated by OMI NO2 as well as aircraft observations obtained in July 2011 during the NASA DISCOVER-AQ campaign: (a) the modeled lifetime of organic nitrates within CB05 has been reduced by a factor of 10, (b) emissions of NOx from mobile sources has been reduced by a factor of 2, and (c) isoprene emissions have been reduced by using MEGAN v2.10 rather than v2.04. Compared to the baseline simulation, the CMAQ run using all three of these changes leads to considerably better simulation of column NO2 in both urban and rural areas, better agreement with the 2-month average of daily 8 h maximum ozone in the US Northeast, fewer number of false positives of an ozone exceedance throughout the domain, as well as an unbiased simulation of surface ozone at ground-based AQS sites in Maryland that experienced an ozone exceedance during July and August 2007. These modifications to CMAQ may provide a framework for use in studies focused on achieving future adherence to specific air quality standards for surface ozone by reducing emission of NOx from various anthropogenic sectors. C1 [Canty, T. P.; Hembeck, L.; Vinciguerra, T. P.; Anderson, D. C.; Goldberg, D. L.; Carpenter, S. F.; Allen, D. J.; Salawitch, R. J.; Dickerson, R. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Loughner, C. P.; Salawitch, R. J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Loughner, C. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Salawitch, R. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Canty, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tcanty@atmos.umd.edu RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Anderson, Daniel/I-4398-2014; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010; Allen, Dale/F-7168-2010 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Anderson, Daniel/0000-0002-9826-9811; Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X; Allen, Dale/0000-0003-3305-9669 FU NASA Aura Science Team; NASA ACMAP program; NASA AQAST program; NASA MAP program; Maryland Department of the Environment FX We greatly appreciate the financial support for this research provided by the NASA Aura Science Team, the NASA ACMAP, AQAST and MAP programs, as well as the Maryland Department of the Environment. We appreciate the willingness of Jim Crawford, Ken Pickering, Ron Cohen, and Andy Weinheimer to provide support for our use of NASA DISCOVER-AQ measurements acquired in the mid-Atlantic during summer 2011. NR 79 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 19 BP 10965 EP 10982 DI 10.5194/acp-15-10965-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT7CN UT WOS:000362971000004 ER PT S AU Comiso, J Perovich, D Stamnes, K AF Comiso, Josefino Perovich, Don Stamnes, Knut BE Babin, M Arrigo, K Belanger, S Forget, MH TI The Polar Environment: Sun, Clouds, and Ice SO OCEAN COLOUR REMOTE SENSING IN POLAR SEAS SE IOCCG Report LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Comiso, Josefino] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perovich, Don] ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH USA. [Stamnes, Knut] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ USA. RP Comiso, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT OCEAN COLOUR COORDINATING GROUP-IOCCG PI DARTMOUTH PA IOCCG PROJECT OFF, BEDFORD INST OCEANOGRAPHY, B240, PO BOX 1006, DARTMOUTH, NOVA SCOTIA B2Y 4A2, CANADA SN 1098-6030 BN 978-1-896246-51-2 J9 IOCCG REP PY 2015 VL 16 BP 5 EP 26 PG 22 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BD5AI UT WOS:000361298100002 ER PT J AU Pieri, D AF Pieri, David BE Schmidt, A Fristad, KE ElkinsTanton, LT TI Satellite and aircraft-based techniques to measure volcanic emissions and hazards SO VOLCANISM AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LASCAR VOLCANO; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ASH CLOUDS; MOUNT-ETNA; ERUPTION; RETRIEVAL; ALASKA C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Pieri, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-05837-8 PY 2015 BP 133 EP 146 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107415683 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BD3OF UT WOS:000359981400010 ER PT J AU Self, S Glaze, LS Schmidt, A Mather, TA AF Self, Stephen Glaze, Lori S. Schmidt, Anja Mather, Tamsin A. BE Schmidt, A Fristad, KE ElkinsTanton, LT TI Volatile release from flood basalt eruptions: understanding the potential environmental effects SO VOLCANISM AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES; 1783-1784 LAKI ERUPTION; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; FISSURE ERUPTIONS; MASS EXTINCTIONS; SIBERIAN TRAPS; IMPACT; EMPLACEMENT; AEROSOLS; PLUMES C1 [Self, Stephen] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Self, Stephen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glaze, Lori S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schmidt, Anja] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Mather, Tamsin A.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. RP Self, S (reprint author), Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RI Mather, Tamsin/A-7604-2011; OI Mather, Tamsin/0000-0003-4259-7303; Schmidt, Anja/0000-0001-8759-2843 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-05837-8 PY 2015 BP 164 EP 176 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107415683 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BD3OF UT WOS:000359981400012 ER PT J AU Svensen, H Fristad, KE Polozov, AG Planke, S AF Svensen, Henrik Fristad, Kirsten E. Polozov, Alexander G. Planke, Sverre BE Schmidt, A Fristad, KE ElkinsTanton, LT TI Volatile generation and release from continental large igneous provinces SO VOLCANISM AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYDROTHERMAL VENT COMPLEXES; PERMIAN MASS EXTINCTION; OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENT; SIBERIAN PLATFORM; SOUTH-AFRICA; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; SILL INTRUSIONS; FLOOD BASALTS; GAS FLUXES C1 [Svensen, Henrik; Planke, Sverre] Univ Oslo, CEED, Oslo, Norway. [Fristad, Kirsten E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ORAU, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Polozov, Alexander G.] Russian Acad Sci, Moscow, Russia. [Planke, Sverre] VBPR, Oslo, Norway. RP Svensen, H (reprint author), Univ Oslo, CEED, Oslo, Norway. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-05837-8 PY 2015 BP 177 EP 192 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107415683 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BD3OF UT WOS:000359981400013 ER PT J AU Xiong, XZ Chen, LF Liu, Y Cortesi, U Gupta, P AF Xiong, Xiaozhen Chen, Liangfu Liu, Yang Cortesi, Ugo Gupta, Pawan TI Satellite Observation of Atmospheric Compositions for Air Quality and Climate Study SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Xiong, Xiaozhen] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chen, Liangfu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yang] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Cortesi, Ugo] Consiglio Nazl Ric IFAC CNR, Ist Fis Applicata Nello Carrara, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Gupta, Pawan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xiong, XZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xiaozhen.xiong@noaa.gov RI Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2015 AR 932012 DI 10.1155/2015/932012 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT4IF UT WOS:000362769100001 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Henze, DK Grell, GA Carmichael, GR Bousserez, N Zhang, Q Torres, O Ahn, C Lu, Z Cao, J Mao, Y AF Zhang, L. Henze, D. K. Grell, G. A. Carmichael, G. R. Bousserez, N. Zhang, Q. Torres, O. Ahn, C. Lu, Z. Cao, J. Mao, Y. TI Constraining black carbon aerosol over Asia using OMI aerosol absorption optical depth and the adjoint of GEOS-Chem SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ELEMENTAL CARBON; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SATELLITE DATA AB Accurate estimates of the emissions and distribution of black carbon (BC) in the region referred to here as Southeastern Asia (70-150A degrees E, 11A degrees S-55A degrees N) are critical to studies of the atmospheric environment and climate change. Analysis of modeled BC concentrations compared to in situ observations indicates levels are underestimated over most of Southeast Asia when using any of four different emission inventories. We thus attempt to reduce uncertainties in BC emissions and improve BC model simulations by developing top-down, spatially resolved, estimates of BC emissions through assimilation of OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) observations of aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) with the GEOS-Chem (Goddard Earth Observing System - chemistry) model and its adjoint for April and October 2006. Overwhelming enhancements, up to 500 %, in anthropogenic BC emissions are shown after optimization over broad areas of Southeast Asia in April. In October, the optimization of anthropogenic emissions yields a slight reduction (1-5 %) over India and parts of southern China, while emissions increase by 10-50 % over eastern China. Observational data from in situ measurements and AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) observations are used to evaluate the BC inversions and assess the bias between OMI and AERONET AAOD. Low biases in BC concentrations are improved or corrected in most eastern and central sites over China after optimization, while the constrained model still underestimates concentrations in Indian sites in both April and October, possibly as a consequence of low prior emissions. Model resolution errors may contribute up to a factor of 2.5 to the underestimation of surface BC concentrations over northern India. We also compare the optimized results using different anthropogenic emission inventories and discuss the sensitivity of top-down constraints on anthropogenic emissions with respect to biomass burning emissions. In addition, the impacts of brown carbon, the formulation of the observation operator, and different a priori constraints on the optimization are investigated. Overall, despite these limitations and uncertainties, using OMI AAOD to constrain BC sources improves model representation of BC distributions, particularly over China. C1 [Zhang, L.; Henze, D. K.; Bousserez, N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, L.; Grell, G. A.] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Carmichael, G. R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Zhang, Q.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Torres, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ahn, C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Lu, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cao, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Aerosol Chem & Phys, Inst Earth Environm, Xian, Peoples R China. [Mao, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Mao, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Henze, DK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM daven.henze@colorado.edu RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Cao, Junji/D-3259-2014 OI Cao, Junji/0000-0003-1000-7241 FU Environmental Protection Agency-STAR grant [RD-83503701-0]; US EPA's STAR program [RD-83503701-0] FX This work was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency-STAR grant RD-83503701-0. Although the research described in the article has been funded wholly or in part by the US EPA's STAR program through grant RD-83503701-0, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. We thank the OMI (http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/data-holdings/OMI/omaeruv_v003.shtml ) and AERONET teams (http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/webtool_opera_v2_inv) for providing the data and establishing and maintaining the sites used in this study. NR 125 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 18 BP 10281 EP 10308 DI 10.5194/acp-15-10281-2015 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0AZ UT WOS:000362457400005 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Streets, DG de Foy, B Lamsal, LN Duncan, BN Xing, J AF Lu, Z. Streets, D. G. de Foy, B. Lamsal, L. N. Duncan, B. N. Xing, J. TI Emissions of nitrogen oxides from US urban areas: estimation from Ozone Monitoring Instrument retrievals for 2005-2014 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GOME-SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; OMI TROPOSPHERIC NO2; POWER-PLANT PLUMES; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; SPACE; LIFETIMES; TRENDS; SO2; COLUMNS AB Satellite remote sensing of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can provide valuable information for estimating surface nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Using an exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) method and taking into account the effect of wind on observed NO2 distributions, we estimate 3-year moving-average emissions of summertime NOx from 35 US (United States) urban areas directly from NO2 retrievals of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) during 2005-2014. Following conclusions of previous studies that the EMG method provides robust and accurate emission estimates under strong-wind conditions, we derive top-down NOx emissions from each urban area by applying the EMG method to OMI data with wind speeds greater than 3-5 m s(-1). Meanwhile, we find that OMI NO2 observations under weak-wind conditions (i.e., < 3 m s(-1)) are qualitatively better correlated to the surface NOx source strength in comparison to all-wind OMI maps; therefore, we use them to calculate the satellite-observed NO2 burdens of urban areas and compare with NOx emission estimates. The EMG results show that OMI-derived NOx emissions are highly correlated (R > 0.93) with weak-wind OMI NO2 burdens as well as with bottom-up NOx emission estimates over 35 urban areas, implying a linear response of the OMI observations to surface emissions under weak-wind conditions. The simultaneous EMG-obtained effective NO2 lifetimes (similar to 3.5 +/- 1.3 h), however, are biased low in comparison to the summertime NO2 chemical lifetimes. In general, isolated urban areas with NOx emission intensities greater than similar to 2 Mg h(-1) produce statistically significant weak-wind signals in 3-year average OMI data. From 2005 to 2014, we estimate that total OMI-derived NOx emissions over all selected US urban areas decreased by 49 %, consistent with reductions of 43, 47, 49, and 44 % in the total bottom-up NOx emissions, the sum of weak-wind OMI NO2 columns, the total weak-wind OMI NO2 burdens, and the averaged NO2 concentrations, respectively, reflecting the success of NOx control programs for both mobile sources and power plants. The decrease rates of these NOx-related quantities are found to be faster (i.e., -6.8 to -9.3 % yr(-1)) before 2010 and slower (i.e., -3.4 to -4.9 % yr(-1)) after 2010. For individual urban areas, we calculate the R values of pair-wise trends among the OMI-derived and bottom-up NOx emissions, the weak-wind OMI NO2 burdens, and ground-based NO2 measurements, and high correlations are found for all urban areas (median R= 0.8), particularly large ones (R up to 0.97). The results of the current work indicate that using the EMG method and considering the wind effect, the OMI data allow for the estimation of NOx emissions from urban areas and the direct constraint of emission trends with reasonable accuracy. C1 [Lu, Z.; Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [de Foy, B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Lamsal, L. N.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Lamsal, L. N.; Duncan, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Xing, J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zlu@anl.gov RI de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011 OI de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a part of the Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) program; Argonne National Laboratory is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a part of the Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) program, for which we are grateful to the NASA project officer John Haynes and the AQAST team leader Daniel Jacob. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the OMI sensor available at www.temis.nl. The Argonne National Laboratory is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the US Department of Energy. NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 18 BP 10367 EP 10383 DI 10.5194/acp-15-10367-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0AZ UT WOS:000362457400009 ER PT J AU Kuttippurath, J Godin-Beekmann, S Lefevre, F Santee, ML Froidevaux, L Hauchecorne, A AF Kuttippurath, J. Godin-Beekmann, S. Lefevre, F. Santee, M. L. Froidevaux, L. Hauchecorne, A. TI Variability in Antarctic ozone loss in the last decade (2004-2013): high-resolution simulations compared to Aura MLS observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL SIMULATIONS; POLAR VORTEX; HOLE; WINTER; STRATOSPHERE; SCIAMACHY; KINETICS; EDGE; CLO AB A detailed analysis of the polar ozone loss processes during 10 recent Antarctic winters is presented with high-resolution MIMOSA-CHIM (ModSle Isentrope du transport M,so-,chelle de l'Ozone Stratosph,rique par Advection avec CHIMie) model simulations and high-frequency polar vortex observations from the Aura microwave limb sounder (MLS) instrument. The high-frequency measurements and simulations help to characterize the winters and assist the interpretation of interannual variability better than either data or simulations alone. Our model results for the Antarctic winters of 2004-2013 show that chemical ozone loss starts in the edge region of the vortex at equivalent latitudes (EqLs) of 65-67A degrees S in mid-June-July. The loss progresses with time at higher EqLs and intensifies during August-September over the range 400-600 K. The loss peaks in late September-early October, when all EqLs (65-83A degrees S) show a similar loss and the maximum loss (> 2 ppmv - parts per million by volume) is found over a broad vertical range of 475-550 K. In the lower stratosphere, most winters show similar ozone loss and production rates. In general, at 500 K, the loss rates are about 2-3 ppbv sh(-1) (parts per billion by volume per sunlit hour) in July and 4-5 ppbv sh(-1) in August-mid-September, while they drop rapidly to 0 by mid-October. In the middle stratosphere, the loss rates are about 3-5 ppbv sh(-1) in July-August and October at 675 K. On average, the MIMOSA-CHIM simulations show that the very cold winters of 2005 and 2006 exhibit a maximum loss of similar to 3.5 ppmv around 550 K or about 149-173 DU over 350-850 K, and the warmer winters of 2004, 2010, and 2012 show a loss of similar to 2.6 ppmv around 475-500 K or 131-154 DU over 350-850 K. The winters of 2007, 2008, and 2011 were moderately cold, and thus both ozone loss and peak loss altitudes are between these two ranges (3 ppmv around 500 K or 150 +/- 10 DU). The modeled ozone loss values are in reasonably good agreement with those estimated from Aura MLS measurements, but the model underestimates the observed ClO, largely due to the slower vertical descent in the model during spring. C1 [Kuttippurath, J.; Godin-Beekmann, S.; Lefevre, F.; Hauchecorne, A.] Univ Paris 06, UMR LATMOS IPSL 8190, CNRS INSU, F-75005 Paris, France. [Kuttippurath, J.] Indian Inst Technol, CORAL, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. [Santee, M. L.; Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, JPL, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kuttippurath, J (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, UMR LATMOS IPSL 8190, CNRS INSU, F-75005 Paris, France. EM jayan@coral.iitkgp.ernet.in RI Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; OI Hauchecorne, Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994; Kuttippurath, Jayanarayanan/0000-0003-4073-8918 FU ANR/ORACLE-O3 France; EU SCOUT-O3; FP7 RECONCILE project [RECONCILE-226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1] FX The authors would like to thank Cathy Boonne of IPSL/CNRS for the REPROBUS model data. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract to NASA. The ECMWF data are obtained from the NADIR database of NILU and we greatly appreciate access to them. The work is supported by funds from the ANR/ORACLE-O3 France, the EU SCOUT-O3 and the FP7 RECONCILE project under the grant number: RECONCILE-226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 18 BP 10385 EP 10397 DI 10.5194/acp-15-10385-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0AZ UT WOS:000362457400010 ER PT J AU Kim, PS Jacob, DJ Fisher, JA Travis, K Yu, K Zhu, L Yantosca, RM Sulprizio, MP Jimenez, JL Campuzano-Jost, P Froyd, KD Liao, J Hair, JW Fenn, MA Butler, CF Wagner, NL Gordon, TD Welti, A Wennberg, PO Crounse, JD St Clair, JM Teng, AP Millet, DB Schwarz, JP Markovic, MZ Perring, AE AF Kim, P. S. Jacob, D. J. Fisher, J. A. Travis, K. Yu, K. Zhu, L. Yantosca, R. M. Sulprizio, M. P. Jimenez, J. L. Campuzano-Jost, P. Froyd, K. D. Liao, J. Hair, J. W. Fenn, M. A. Butler, C. F. Wagner, N. L. Gordon, T. D. Welti, A. Wennberg, P. O. Crounse, J. D. St Clair, J. M. Teng, A. P. Millet, D. B. Schwarz, J. P. Markovic, M. Z. Perring, A. E. TI Sources, seasonality, and trends of southeast US aerosol: an integrated analysis of surface, aircraft, and satellite observations with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; STABILIZED CRIEGEE INTERMEDIATE; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISOPRENE PHOTOOXIDATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS AB We use an ensemble of surface (EPA CSN, IMPROVE, SEARCH, AERONET), aircraft (SEAC(4)RS), and satellite (MODIS, MISR) observations over the southeast US during the summer-fall of 2013 to better understand aerosol sources in the region and the relationship between surface particulate matter (PM) and aerosol optical depth (AOD). The GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model (CTM) with 25 x 25 km(2) resolution over North America is used as a common platform to interpret measurements of different aerosol variables made at different times and locations. Sulfate and organic aerosol (OA) are the main contributors to surface PM2.5 (mass concentration of PM finer than 2.5 mu m aerodynamic diameter) and AOD over the southeast US. OA is simulated successfully with a simple parameterization, assuming irreversible uptake of low-volatility products of hydrocarbon oxidation. Biogenic isoprene and monoterpenes account for 60 % of OA, anthropogenic sources for 30 %, and open fires for 10 %. 60 % of total aerosol mass is in the mixed layer below 1.5 km, 25 % in the cloud convective layer at 1.5-3 km, and 15 % in the free troposphere above 3 km. This vertical profile is well captured by GEOS-Chem, arguing against a high-altitude source of OA. The extent of sulfate neutralization (f = [NH4+]/(2[SO42-] + [NO3-]) is only 0.5-0.7 mol mol(-1) in the observations, despite an excess of ammonia present, which could reflect suppression of ammonia uptake by OA. This would explain the long-term decline of ammonium aerosol in the southeast US, paralleling that of sulfate. The vertical profile of aerosol extinction over the southeast US follows closely that of aerosol mass. GEOS-Chem reproduces observed total column aerosol mass over the southeast US within 6 %, column aerosol extinction within 16 %, and space-based AOD within 8-28 % (consistently biased low). The large AOD decline observed from summer to winter is driven by sharp declines in both sulfate and OA from August to October. These declines are due to shutdowns in both biogenic emissions and UV-driven photochemistry. Surface PM2.5 shows far less summer-to-winter decrease than AOD and we attribute this in part to the offsetting effect of weaker boundary layer ventilation. The SEAC4RS aircraft data demonstrate that AODs measured from space are consistent with surface PM2.5. This implies that satellites can be used reliably to infer surface PM2.5 over monthly timescales if a good CTM representation of the aerosol vertical profile is available. C1 [Kim, P. S.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, D. J.; Travis, K.; Yu, K.; Zhu, L.; Yantosca, R. M.; Sulprizio, M. P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fisher, J. A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Jimenez, J. L.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Froyd, K. D.; Liao, J.; Wagner, N. L.; Gordon, T. D.; Welti, A.; Markovic, M. Z.; Perring, A. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Campuzano-Jost, P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Biochem & Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Froyd, K. D.; Liao, J.; Wagner, N. L.; Gordon, T. D.; Welti, A.; Schwarz, J. P.; Markovic, M. Z.; Perring, A. E.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hair, J. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fenn, M. A.; Butler, C. F.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Welti, A.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Wennberg, P. O.; Crounse, J. D.; St Clair, J. M.; Teng, A. P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Kim, PS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kim68@fas.harvard.edu RI Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Gordon, Timothy/H-9497-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Travis, Katherine/G-1417-2016; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; OI Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Gordon, Timothy/0000-0002-5128-9532; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Travis, Katherine/0000-0003-1628-0353; Teng, Alexander/0000-0002-6434-0501 FU NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program; Department of Energy Office of Science Graduate Fellowship; ORISE-ORAU [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; NASA [NNX12AC03G, NNX12AC06G, NNX14AP46G]; NSF [AGS-1243354/1360834, 1148951]; NASA from the Upper Atmosphere Research Program [NNH12AT29I]; Radiation Sciences Program; Tropospheric Chemistry Program; NOAA FX We are grateful to the entire NASA SEAC4RS team for their help in the field. We thank Aaron van Donkelaar, Eloise Marais, Loretta Mickley, Randall Martin, Chuck Brock, Ann Dillner, Ralph Kahn, Armin Sorooshian, Tran Nguyen, and Jenny Hand for helpful discussions and Sajeev Philip for assistance with downloading meteorological fields. We also thank Jack Dibb, Bruce Anderson and the LARGE team, Phil Russell, Jens Redemann and the 4STAR team, and Greg Huey for the data shown in the Supplement. This work was funded by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program and by a Department of Energy Office of Science Graduate Fellowship to PSK made possible in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, administered by ORISE-ORAU under contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23100. P. Campuzano-Jost and J. L. Jimenez were supported by NASA NNX12AC03G and NSF AGS-1243354/1360834. K. D. Froyd and J. Liao are supported by NASA grant NNH12AT29I from the Upper Atmosphere Research Program, Radiation Sciences Program, and Tropospheric Chemistry Program, and by NOAA base funding. D. B. Millet acknowledges support from NSF (Grant #1148951). P. O. Wennberg, J. D. Crounse, J. M. St. Clair, and A. P. Teng acknowledge support from NASA (NNX12AC06G and NNX14AP46G). We thank the US EPA for providing the 2010 North American emission inventory. The inventory is intended for research purposes and was developed for Phase 2 of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) using information from the 2008-based modeling platform as a starting point. A technical document describing the 2008-based 2007v5 modeling platform can be found at http://epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/2007v5/2007v5_2020base_EmisMod_TSD_13dec20 12.pdf. A report on the 2008 NEI can be found at www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008report.pdf. GEOS-Chem NR 149 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 15 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 18 BP 10411 EP 10433 DI 10.5194/acp-15-10411-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0AZ UT WOS:000362457400012 ER PT J AU Froidevaux, L Anderson, J Wang, HJ Fuller, RA Schwartz, MJ Santee, ML Livesey, NJ Pumphrey, HC Bernath, PF Russell, JM McCormick, MP AF Froidevaux, L. Anderson, J. Wang, H. -J. Fuller, R. A. Schwartz, M. J. Santee, M. L. Livesey, N. J. Pumphrey, H. C. Bernath, P. F. Russell, J. M., III McCormick, M. P. TI Global OZone Chemistry And Related trace gas Data records for the Stratosphere (GOZCARDS): methodology and sample results with a focus on HCl, H2O, and O-3 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER; HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE; WATER-VAPOR; SAGE-II; TOTAL-COLUMN; DATA SET; ACE-FTS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB We describe the publicly available data from the Global OZone Chemistry And Related trace gas Data records for the Stratosphere (GOZCARDS) project and provide some results, with a focus on hydrogen chloride (HCl), water vapor (H2O), and ozone (O-3). This data set is a global long-term stratospheric Earth system data record, consisting of monthly zonal mean time series starting as early as 1979. The data records are based on high-quality measurements from several NASA satellite instruments and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on SCISAT. We examine consistency aspects between the various data sets. To merge ozone records, the time series are debiased relative to SAGE II (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiments) values by calculating average offsets versus SAGE II during measurement overlap periods, whereas for other species the merging derives from an averaging procedure during overlap periods. The GOZCARDS files contain mixing ratios on a common pressure-latitude grid, as well as standard errors and other diagnostics; we also present estimates of systematic uncertainties in the merged products. Monthly mean temperatures for GOZCARDS were also produced, based directly on data from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications. The GOZCARDS HCl merged product comes from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), ACE-FTS and lower-stratospheric Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data. After a rapid rise in upper-stratospheric HCl in the early 1990s, the rate of decrease in this region for 1997-2010 was between 0.4 and 0.7 % yr(-1). On 6-8-year timescales, the rate of decrease peaked in 2004-2005 at about 1 % yr(-1), and it has since levelled off, at similar to 0.5 % yr(-1). With a delay of 6-7 years, these changes roughly follow total surface chlorine, whose behavior versus time arises from inhomogeneous changes in the source gases. Since the late 1990s, HCl decreases in the lower stratosphere have occurred with pronounced latitudinal variability at rates sometimes exceeding 1-2 % yr(-1). Recent short-term tendencies of lower-stratospheric and column HCl vary substantially, with increases from 2005 to 2010 for northern midlatitudes and deep tropics, but decreases (increases) after 2011 at northern (southern) midlatitudes. For H2O, the GOZCARDS product covers both stratosphere and mesosphere, and the same instruments as for HCl are used, along with Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) MLS stratospheric H2O data (1991-1993). We display seasonal to decadal-type variability in H2O from 22 years of data. In the upper mesosphere, the anticorrelation between H2O and solar flux is now clearly visible over two full solar cycles. Lower-stratospheric tropical H2O has exhibited two periods of increasing values, followed by fairly sharp drops (the well-documented 2000-2001 decrease and a recent drop in 2011-2013). Tropical decadal variability peaks just above the tropopause. Between 1991 and 2013, both in the tropics and on a near-global basis, H2O has decreased by similar to 5-10 % in the lower stratosphere, but about a 10 % increase is observed in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. However, such tendencies may not represent longer-term trends. For ozone, we used SAGE I, SAGE II, HALOE, UARS and Aura MLS, and ACE-FTS data to produce a merged record from late 1979 onward, using SAGE II as the primary reference. Unlike the 2 to 3 % increase in near-global column ozone after the late 1990s reported by some, GOZCARDS stratospheric column O-3 values do not show a recent upturn of more than 0.5 to 1 %; long-term interannual column ozone variations from GOZCARDS are generally in very good agreement with interannual changes in merged total column ozone (Version 8.6) data from SBUV instruments. A brief mention is also made of other currently available, commonly formatted GOZCARDS satellite data records for stratospheric composition, namely those for N2O and HNO3. C1 [Froidevaux, L.; Fuller, R. A.; Schwartz, M. J.; Santee, M. L.; Livesey, N. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Anderson, J.; Russell, J. M., III; McCormick, M. P.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Wang, H. -J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Pumphrey, H. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bernath, P. F.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Froidevaux, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM lucienf@jpl.nasa.gov RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094 NR 114 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 18 BP 10471 EP 10507 DI 10.5194/acp-15-10471-2015 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0AZ UT WOS:000362457400015 ER PT J AU Schnell, JL Prather, MJ Josse, B Naik, V Horowitz, LW Cameron-Smith, P Bergmann, D Zeng, G Plummer, DA Sudo, K Nagashima, T Shindell, DT Faluvegi, G Strode, SA AF Schnell, J. L. Prather, M. J. Josse, B. Naik, V. Horowitz, L. W. Cameron-Smith, P. Bergmann, D. Zeng, G. Plummer, D. A. Sudo, K. Nagashima, T. Shindell, D. T. Faluvegi, G. Strode, S. A. TI Use of North American and European air quality networks to evaluate global chemistry-climate modeling of surface ozone SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; UNITED-STATES; POLLUTION EPISODES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SIMULATIONS; 21ST-CENTURY; SENSITIVITY; RESOLUTION; EMISSIONS AB We test the current generation of global chemistry-climate models in their ability to simulate observed, present-day surface ozone. Models are evaluated against hourly surface ozone from 4217 stations in North America and Europe that are averaged over 1A degrees x 1A degrees grid cells, allowing commensurate model-measurement comparison. Models are generally biased high during all hours of the day and in all regions. Most models simulate the shape of regional summertime diurnal and annual cycles well, correctly matching the timing of hourly (similar to 15:00 local time (LT)) and monthly (mid-June) peak surface ozone abundance. The amplitude of these cycles is less successfully matched. The observed summertime diurnal range (similar to 25 ppb) is underestimated in all regions by about 7 ppb, and the observed seasonal range (similar to 21 ppb) is underestimated by about 5 ppb except in the most polluted regions, where it is overestimated by about 5 ppb. The models generally match the pattern of the observed summertime ozone enhancement, but they overestimate its magnitude in most regions. Most models capture the observed distribution of extreme episode sizes, correctly showing that about 80 % of individual extreme events occur in large-scale, multi-day episodes of more than 100 grid cells. The models also match the observed linear relationship between episode size and a measure of episode intensity, which shows increases in ozone abundance by up to 6 ppb for larger-sized episodes. We conclude that the skill of the models evaluated here provides confidence in their projections of future surface ozone. C1 [Schnell, J. L.; Prather, M. J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Josse, B.] CNRS, Ctr Natl Rech Meterol, Meteo France, GAME CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Naik, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, UCAR, Princeton, NJ USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Cameron-Smith, P.; Bergmann, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Sudo, K.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Geochem Cycle Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Reg Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Shindell, D. T.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Faluvegi, G.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Faluvegi, G.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Strode, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, S. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Schnell, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM jschnell@uci.edu RI Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011 OI Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627 FU NASA [NNX09AJ47G, NNX13AL12G, NNX15AE35G]; DOE [DE-SC0007021]; National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE-1321846]; US Dept. of Energy (BER); LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NERSC [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NeSI's collaborator institutions; Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment's Research Infrastructure Programme FX Research at UCI was supported by NASA grants NNX09AJ47G, NNX13AL12G, NNX15AE35G, and DOE award DE-SC0007021. J. L. Schnell was supported by the National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program (DGE-1321846). The work of D. Bergmann and P. Cameron-Smith was funded by the US Dept. of Energy (BER), performed under the auspices of LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and used the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. G. Zeng acknowledges the use of New Zealand's national HPC facilities that are provided by the NZ eScience Infrastructure and funded jointly by NeSI's collaborator institutions and through the Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment's Research Infrastructure Programme. The simulations with MIROC-CHEM was supported by the Global Environment Research Fund (S-7) by the Ministry of the Environment Japan and completed with the supercomputer (NEC SX-8R) at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). We are grateful to the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Air Quality System (AQS) and Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet), Environment Canada's National Air Pollution Surveillance Program (NAPS), the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), and the European Environment Agency's (EEA) air quality database (AirBase) for providing the observational data sets used in this study. We are also grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 18 BP 10581 EP 10596 DI 10.5194/acp-15-10581-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0AZ UT WOS:000362457400019 ER PT J AU Hamer, PD Bowman, KW Henze, DK Attie, JL Marecal, V AF Hamer, P. D. Bowman, K. W. Henze, D. K. Attie, J. L. Marecal, V. TI The impact of observing characteristics on the ability to predict ozone under varying polluted photochemical regimes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; CHEMICAL KINETIC SYSTEMS; AIR-QUALITY; NOX EMISSIONS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; ZONAL STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL O-3 AB We conduct analyses to assess how characteristics of observations of ozone and its precursors affect air quality forecasting and research. To carry out this investigation, we use a photochemical box model and its adjoint integrated with a Lagrangian 4D-variational data assimilation system. Using this framework in conjunction with pseudo-observations, we perform an ozone precursor source inversion and estimate surface emissions. We then assess the resulting improvement in ozone air quality prediction. We use an analytical model to conduct uncertainty analyses. Using this analytical tool, we address some key questions regarding how the characteristics of observations affect ozone precursor emission inversion and in turn ozone prediction. These questions include what the effect is of choosing which species to observe, of varying amounts of observation noise, of changing the observing frequency and the observation time during the diurnal cycle, and of how these different scenarios interact with different photochemical regimes. In our investigation we use three observed species scenarios: CO and NO2; ozone, CO, and NO2; and HCHO, CO and NO2. The photochemical model was set up to simulate a range of summertime polluted environments spanning NOx-(NO and NO2)-limited to volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited conditions. We find that as the photochemical regime changes, here is a variation in the relative importance of trace gas observations to be able to constrain emission estimates and to improve the subsequent ozone forecasts. For example, adding ozone observations to an NO2 and CO observing system is found to decrease ozone prediction error under NOx- and VOC-limited regimes, and complementing the NO2 and CO system with HCHO observations would improve ozone prediction in the transitional regime and under VOC-limited conditions. We found that scenarios observing ozone and HCHO with a relative observing noise of lower than 33 % were able to achieve ozone prediction errors of lower than 5 ppbv (parts per billion by volume). Further, only observing intervals of 3 h or shorter were able to consistently achieve ozone prediction errors of 5 ppbv or lower across all photochemical regimes. Making observations closer to the prediction period and either in the morning or afternoon rush hour periods made greater improvements for ozone prediction: 0.2-0.3 ppbv for the morning rush hour and from 0.3 to 0.8 ppbv for the afternoon compared to only 0-0.1 ppbv for other times of the day. Finally, we made two complementary analyses that show that our conclusions are insensitive to the assumed diurnal emission cycle and to the choice of which VOC species emission to estimate using our framework. These questions will address how different types of observing platform, e.g. geostationary satellites or ground monitoring networks, could support future air quality research and forecasting. C1 [Hamer, P. D.; Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hamer, P. D.; Marecal, V.] Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Grp Etud Atmosphere Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Hamer, P. D.; Marecal, V.] CNRS, UMR3589, Toulouse, France. [Hamer, P. D.] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Henze, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Attie, J. L.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, UMR, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. RP Hamer, PD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM paul.d.hamer@gmail.com FU CNRM-GAME; NPP program; NASA Applied Science Program FX The authors thank CNRM-GAME for paying the publication fees. P. D. Hamer thanks ORAU and the NPP program for funding and support, D. Millet and D. Jacob for helpful discussion and comments, and A. M. Aghedo for help and formatting tips. D. K. Henze is supported by NASA Applied Science Program. The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Government sponsorship acknowledged. This paper is dedicated to the memory of C. J. Hamer. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 18 BP 10645 EP 10667 DI 10.5194/acp-15-10645-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0AZ UT WOS:000362457400023 ER PT S AU Elkader, KA Grumberg, O Pasareanu, CS Shoham, S AF Abd Elkader, Karam Grumberg, Orna Pasareanu, Corina S. Shoham, Sharon BE Bjorner, N DeBoer, F TI Automated Circular Assume-Guarantee Reasoning SO FM 2015: FORMAL METHODS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Formal Methods (FM) CY JUN 24-26, 2015 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP Res Council Norway, Norwegian Ctr Software Verificat & Validat, Dutch Ctr Math & Comp Sci, Microsoft Res ID COMPOSITIONAL MODEL CHECKING; LEARNING ASSUMPTIONS; VERIFICATION; ALGORITHM AB Compositional verification techniques aim to decompose the verification of a large system into the more manageable verification of its components. In recent years, compositional techniques have gained significant successes following a breakthrough in the ability to automate assume-guarantee reasoning. However, automation is still restricted to simple acyclic assume-guarantee rules. In this work, we focus on automating circular assume-guarantee reasoning in which the verification of individual components mutually depends on each other. We use a sound and complete circular assume-guarantee rule and we describe how to automatically build the assumptions needed for using the rule. Our algorithm accumulates joint constraints on the assumptions based on ( spurious) counterexamples obtained from checking the premises of the rule, and uses a SAT solver to synthesize minimal assumptions that satisfy these constraints. We implemented our approach and compared it with an established learning-based method that uses an acyclic rule. In all cases, the assumptions generated for the circular rule were significantly smaller, leading to smaller verification problems. Further, on larger examples, we obtained a significant speedup as well. C1 [Abd Elkader, Karam; Grumberg, Orna] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. [Pasareanu, Corina S.] NASA, CMU, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Shoham, Sharon] Acad Coll Tel Aviv Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Shoham, S (reprint author), Acad Coll Tel Aviv Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel. EM sharon.shoham@gmail.com NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-19249-9; 978-3-319-19248-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9109 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-19249-9_3 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD6RM UT WOS:000362524000003 ER PT S AU Brat, G Bushnell, D Davies, M Giannakopoulou, D Howar, F Kahsai, T AF Brat, Guillaume Bushnell, David Davies, Misty Giannakopoulou, Dimitra Howar, Falk Kahsai, Temesghen BE Bjorner, N DeBoer, F TI Verifying the Safety of a Flight-Critical System SO FM 2015: FORMAL METHODS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Formal Methods (FM) CY JUN 24-26, 2015 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP Res Council Norway, Norwegian Ctr Software Verificat & Validat, Dutch Ctr Math & Comp Sci, Microsoft Res ID FORMAL VERIFICATION; SOFTWARE AB This paper describes our work on demonstrating verification technologies on a flight-critical system of realistic functionality, size, and complexity. Our work targeted a commercial aircraft control system named Transport Class Model (TCM), and involved several stages: formalizing and disambiguating requirements in collaboration with domain experts; processing models for their use by formal verification tools; applying compositional techniques at the architectural and component level to scale verification. Performed in the context of a major NASA milestone, this study of formal verification in practice is one of the most challenging that our group has performed. C1 [Brat, Guillaume; Kahsai, Temesghen] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bushnell, David] AerospaceComputing, Mountain View, CA USA. [Davies, Misty; Giannakopoulou, Dimitra] NASA Ames, Mountain View, CA USA. [Howar, Falk] Tech Univ Clausthal, IPSSE, Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany. RP Kahsai, T (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM temesghen.kahsaiazene@nasa.gov OI Davies, Misty/0000-0002-6245-9568 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-19249-9; 978-3-319-19248-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9109 BP 308 EP 324 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-19249-9_20 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD6RM UT WOS:000362524000020 ER PT B AU Sprague, RS Draheim, MM AF Sprague, Rachel S. Draheim, Megan M. BE Draheim, MM Madden, F McCarthy, JB Parsons, ECM TI Hawaiian Monk Seals Labels, Names, and Stories in Conflict SO HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT: COMPLEXITY IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LARGE CARNIVORE CONSERVATION; HUMAN DIMENSIONS; RECOVERY; WILDLIFE; CULTURE; BIRDS C1 [Sprague, Rachel S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Draheim, Megan M.] Virginia Tech, Ctr Leadership Global Sustainabil, Arlington, VA USA. RP Sprague, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-968715-2; 978-0-19-968714-5 PY 2015 BP 117 EP 136 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD6KW UT WOS:000362330100009 ER PT J AU Prochazka, I Kodet, J Blazej, J Sun, XL AF Prochazka, Ivan Kodet, Jan Blazej, Josef Sun, Xiaoli TI Radiation-resistant photon-counting detector package providing sub-ps stability for laser time transfer in space SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE single photon; radiation hardness; timing stability AB We are reporting on a design, construction and performance of photon-counting detector packages based on silicon avalanche photodiodes. These photon-counting devices have been optimized for extremely high stability of their detection delay. The detectors have been designed for future applications in fundamental metrology and optical time transfer in space. The detectors have been qualified for operation in space missions. The exceptional radiation tolerance of the detection chip itself and of all critical components of a detector package has been verified in a series of experiments. C1 [Prochazka, Ivan; Kodet, Jan; Blazej, Josef] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. [Kodet, Jan] Tech Univ Munich, Forschungseinrichtung Satellitengeodasie, Geodet Observ Wettzell, D-80290 Munich, Germany. [Sun, Xiaoli] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Blazej, J (reprint author), Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. EM blazej@fjfi.cvut.cz RI Blazej, Josef/A-3479-2012 OI Blazej, Josef/0000-0002-7191-0103 FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [LH12005, RVO68407700]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FOR1503] FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [grant number LH12005], [grant number RVO68407700]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [grant number FOR1503]. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2015 VL 62 IS 20 SI SI BP 1703 EP 1708 DI 10.1080/09500340.2015.1076078 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA CT3CX UT WOS:000362685400002 ER PT J AU Liu, C Liu, X Kowalewski, MG Janz, SJ Abad, GG Pickering, KE Chance, K Lamsal, LN AF Liu, C. Liu, X. Kowalewski, M. G. Janz, S. J. Abad, G. Gonzalez Pickering, K. E. Chance, K. Lamsal, L. N. TI Analysis of ACAM Data for Trace Gas Retrievals during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ Campaign SO JOURNAL OF SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID SLANT COLUMN MEASUREMENTS; MAX-DOAS; NO2; SPECTROPHOTOMETER; IRRADIANCE; UV AB To improve the trace gas retrieval from Airborne Compact Atmospheric Mapper (ACAM) during the DSICOVER-AQ campaigns, we characterize the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the ACAM measurement. From the standard deviations of the fitting residuals, the SNRs of ACAM nadir measurements are estimated to vary from similar to 300 at 310 nm to similar to 1000 in the blue spectral region; the zenith data are noisier due to reduced levels of illumination and lower system throughput and also show many more pixels with abrupt anomalous values; therefore, a new method is developed to derive a solar irradiance reference at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) from average nadir measurements, at instrument spectral resolution and including instrument calibration characteristics. Using this reference can significantly reduce fitting residuals and improve the retrievals. This approach derives an absolute reference for direct fitting algorithms involving radiative transfer calculations and thus can be applied to both aircraft and ground-based measurements. The comparison of ACAM radiance with simulations using coincident ozonesonde and OMI data shows large wavelength-dependent biases in ACAM data, varying from similar to-19% at 310nm to 5% at 360 nm. Correcting ACAM radiance in direct-fitting based ozone profile algorithm significantly improves the consistency with OMI total ozone. C1 [Liu, C.; Liu, X.; Abad, G. Gonzalez; Chance, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kowalewski, M. G.; Lamsal, L. N.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Kowalewski, M. G.; Janz, S. J.; Pickering, K. E.; Lamsal, L. N.] NASA Goddard Space & Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM chliu81@ustc.edu.cn RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480 FU NASA, NASA Earth Venture-1 DISCOVER-AQ project [NNX11AH77G, NNX12AJ66G]; Smithsonian Institution FX Funding for this work at SAO is provided by NASA Grants NNX11AH77G and NNX12AJ66G as part of the NASA Earth Venture-1 DISCOVER-AQ project and by the Smithsonian Institution. The authors thank Anne Thompson (NASA/GSFC) and Everette Joseph (Howard University) who provided the ozonesonde data from the Edgewood and Beltsville sites, respectively. They acknowledge James Crawford for his strong support on this work. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2314-4920 EI 2314-4939 J9 J SPECTROSC JI J. Spectrosc. PY 2015 BP 1 EP 7 AR 827160 DI 10.1155/2015/827160 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA CT4QB UT WOS:000362790600001 ER PT J AU Teel, DJ Burke, BJ Kuligowski, DR Morgan, CA Van Doornik, DM AF Teel, David J. Burke, Brian J. Kuligowski, David R. Morgan, Cheryl A. Van Doornik, Donald M. TI Genetic Identification of Chinook Salmon: Stock-Specific Distributions of Juveniles along the Washington and Oregon Coasts SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; EARLY MARINE RESIDENCE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; OCEAN MIGRATION; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB We used microsatellite DNA data and genetic stock identification methods to delineate the temporal and spatial distributions of juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha occupying coastal habitats extending from central Oregon to northern Washington. Juveniles were collected in trawl surveys conducted during spring, summer, and autumn over 15 years. Distributions (mean latitude and distance from shore) differed between yearling and subyearling life history types and between stocks; many of these differences were consistent across years. Yearlings were nearly all (98%) from Columbia River sources, and only 6% were naturally produced. In late May, yearlings from the lower Columbia and Willamette rivers were farther north than other yearlings, likely due to the early spring timing of their releases from hatcheries and subsequent out-migration from the Columbia River. However, yearling distributions in late June reflected known migration behaviors. Yearlings from interior Columbia and Snake River sources were farthest north by June, whereas yearlings from other stocks were more spread out in latitude. Subyearlings sampled in early summer were also largely from the Columbia River (98%), but greater percentages of subyearlings from coastal rivers were present during the fall (24%). In contrast to yearlings, natural production accounted for nearly one-third of subyearlings. Subyearlings of most stocks tended to remain relatively near their point of sea entry throughout the summer. Subyearlings from the Snake River fall-run stock and upper Columbia River summer-fall-run stock exhibited diverse distributions that included both southward and northward dispersal. Overall, distributions of Chinook Salmon stocks and life history types reflected differences in migration behavior but also reflected the influence of environmental factors and hatchery practices. C1 [Teel, David J.; Kuligowski, David R.; Van Doornik, Donald M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Burke, Brian J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Morgan, Cheryl A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Teel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM david.teel@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Robert L. Emmett (1955-2015), the chief scientist on many of our study's sampling surveys. We greatly benefited from his expertise, enthusiasm, and friendship. We greatly appreciate the many people who contributed to this project over the years, including the captains and crews who operated vessels and the many scientists who collected and processed samples. We especially thank Paul Bentley, Brian Beckman, Ric Brodeur, Cindy Bucher, Ed Casillas, Joe Fisher, Kurt Fresh, Susan Hinton, Kym Jacobson, Jessica Miller, Bill Peterson, Larissa Rohrbach, Tom Wainwright, Laurie Weitkamp, and Jen Zamon. Funding for this study was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 89 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 274 EP 300 DI 10.1080/19425120.2015.1045961 PG 27 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CS8PU UT WOS:000362351200020 ER PT J AU Yasumiishi, EM Shotwell, SK Hanselman, DH Orsi, JA Fergusson, EA AF Yasumiishi, Ellen M. Shotwell, S. Kalei Hanselman, Dana H. Orsi, Joseph A. Fergusson, Emily A. TI Using Salmon Survey and Commercial Fishery Data to Index Nearshore Rearing Conditions and Recruitment of Alaskan Sablefish SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA AB We examined physical and biological indices from Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. surveys and commercial fisheries to index nearshore rearing habitats used by age-0 and age-1 Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria in the eastern Gulf of Alaska and as indicators for their recruitment to age2 during the period 2001-2013. The best-fitting general linear model used to estimate age-2 Sablefish recruitment included chlorophyll-a concentration during late August and an index of juvenile Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha abundance during the age-0 stage of Sablefish. The model and biophysical indices from 2012 and 2013 produced a forecast of 23 million age-2 Sablefish for 2014 and a forecast of 8 million Sablefish for 2015. This study highlights the opportunity to use proxies for direct ambient physical and biological observations of rearing habitats in estimating groundfish recruitment to older ages. C1 [Yasumiishi, Ellen M.; Shotwell, S. Kalei; Hanselman, Dana H.; Orsi, Joseph A.; Fergusson, Emily A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Yasumiishi, EM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ellen.yasumiishi@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 316 EP 324 DI 10.1080/19425120.2015.1047070 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CS8PU UT WOS:000362351200022 ER PT J AU Parker-Stetter, SL Horne, JK Urmy, SS Heintz, RA Eisner, LB Farley, EV AF Parker-Stetter, Sandra L. Horne, John K. Urmy, Samuel S. Heintz, Ron A. Eisner, Lisa B. Farley, Edward V. TI Vertical Distribution of Age-0 Walleye Pollock during Late Summer: Environment or Ontogeny? SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; NORTH PACIFIC; MARINE FISH; FORAGE FISH; ALASKA; FOOD; ZOOPLANKTON AB Variability in the late-summer vertical distribution of age-0 Walleye Pollock Gadus chalcogrammus in the southeastern Bering Sea has been attributed to a range of physical and biological factors. Using acoustic data (38 and 120 kHz) collected during the 2010 Bering Aleutian Salmon International Survey (BASIS) and dedicated high-resolution surveys (HR1 and HR2), we evaluated whether late-summer distributions could be explained by water column properties (environment) or whether sampling was likely occurring during the ontogenetic shift of age-0 Walleye Pollock from near-surface habitat to demersal habitat (ontogeny). Neither water column attributes (temperature, relative temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and density gradient) nor the acoustic density of zooplankton prey strongly predicted the acoustic estimates of age-0 Walleye Pollock vertical presence or density. At 6 of 10 paired BASIS-HR1 stations, age-0 Walleye Pollock shifted deeper in the water column between BASIS sampling and the HR1 sampling conducted 8-34 d later. There were no consistent differences in FL (P > 0.05 for 2 of 4 station pairs) or energy density (P > 0.05 for 3 station pairs) between age-0 Walleye Pollock caught in near-surface trawls and those caught in midwater trawls. Our data suggest that the observation of both near-surface and midwater age-0 Walleye Pollock during late summer is likely due to an ontogenetic habitat shift; however, the causative factor was not clear given the limited sample sizes and explanatory variables. The timing of the ontogenetic shift, which appears to have begun before August 18, 2010, can ultimately affect survey strategies, and knowledge of this timing can provide additional insight into factors affecting the overwinter survival of age-0 Walleye Pollock. C1 [Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.; Horne, John K.; Urmy, Samuel S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Heintz, Ron A.; Farley, Edward V.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Eisner, Lisa B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Parker-Stetter, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM sandy.parker-stetter@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 349 EP 369 DI 10.1080/19425120.2015.1057307 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CS8PU UT WOS:000362351200025 ER PT J AU Weitkamp, LA Teel, DJ Liermann, M Hinton, SA Van Doornik, DM Bentley, PJ AF Weitkamp, Laurie A. Teel, David J. Liermann, Martin Hinton, Susan A. Van Doornik, Donald M. Bentley, Paul J. TI Stock-Specific Size and Timing at Ocean Entry of Columbia River Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead: Implications for Early Ocean Growth SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NORTH-AMERICA; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; MARINE SURVIVAL; RELATIVE VULNERABILITY; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; ATLANTIC SALMON AB Juvenile salmon transitioning from freshwater to marine environments experience high variation in growth and survival, yet the specific causes of this variation are poorly understood. Size at and timing of ocean entry may contribute to this variation because they influence both the availability of prey and vulnerability to predators. To explore this issue, we used stock assignments based on genetic stock identification and internal tags to document the stock-specific size and timing of juvenile hatchery and presumed wild Columbia River Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss at ocean entry during 2007-2011. We found that juvenile salmon and steelhead had consistent stock-specific capture dates, with lower-river stocks typically having earlier timing than those originating farther upstream. Mean size also varied among stocks and was related to hatchery practices. Hatchery yearling Chinook Salmon and steelhead were consistently larger than wild fish from the same stocks, although timing in the estuary was similar. In contrast, hatchery subyearling Chinook Salmon were of similar size to wild fish but entered the ocean up to a month earlier. We evaluated the potential importance of these traits on early marine growth by estimating stock-specific growth rates for Chinook Salmon caught in estuarine and ocean habitats. Growth rates were related to relative ocean entry timing, with lower growth rates for stocks that had only recently arrived in marine waters. Our results demonstrate that stocks within a single basin can differ in their size and timing of ocean entry, life history traits that contribute to early marine growth and potentially to the survival of juvenile salmon. Our results also highlight the necessity of considering stock-specific variation in life history traits to understand salmon ecology and survival across the entire life cycle. C1 [Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div,Newport Field Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Teel, David J.; Van Doornik, Donald M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div,Manchester Field Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Liermann, Martin] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hinton, Susan A.; Bentley, Paul J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div,Point Adams Field Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. RP Weitkamp, LA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div,Newport Field Stn, 2032 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Bonneville Power Administration FX This research was conducted under Oregon scientific research permits OR2007-3920, OR2008-3265, 14480, 15374, and 16308 and NOAA Fisheries Service ESA permits 1290-6M and 1290-7R. The work was only made possible by an exceptional field crew, including C. Johnson, T. Sandel, P. Peterson, M. Litz, A. Claiborne, A. Claxton, and S. Sebring, and boat operators C. Taylor, B. Kelly, and R. Nelson. D. Kuligowski collected the genetic data used in the study. The study was funded by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the Bonneville Power Administration. The original manuscript was greatly improved by constructive comments by J. Myers, B. Burke, M. Trudel, and one anonymous reviewer. NR 94 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 370 EP 392 DI 10.1080/19425120.2015.1047476 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CS8PU UT WOS:000362351200026 ER PT S AU Kirstetter, PE Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Cao, Q Schwaller, M Petersen, W AF Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Cao, Qing Schwaller, M. Petersen, W. BE Lakshmi, V Alsdorf, D Anderson, M Biancamaria, S Cosh, M Entin, J Huffman, G Kustas, W VanOevelen, P Painter, T Parajka, J Rodell, M Rudiger, C TI Research Framework to Bridge from the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission Core Satellite to the Constellation Sensors Using Ground-Radar-Based National Mosaic QPE SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE TERRESTRIAL WATER CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle CY FEB 19-22, 2012 CL Kona, HI ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; LAND-SURFACE EMISSIVITIES; RAIN-PROFILING ALGORITHM; PRESENT-WEATHER REPORTS; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; OCEANIC PRECIPITATION; FUTURE-PLANS; GAUGE DATA; TRMM; FREQUENCIES C1 [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Water Technol Emerging Reg WaTER Ctr, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Yang; Cao, Qing] Natl Weather Ctr, HyDROS Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Yang; Cao, Qing] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Schwaller, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petersen, W.] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. RP Kirstetter, PE (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Water Technol Emerging Reg WaTER Ctr, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-87208-6; 978-1-118-87203-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 206 BP 61 EP 79 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BD6QR UT WOS:000362499000004 ER PT S AU Lee, H Jung, HC Yuan, T Beighley, RE Duan, JB AF Lee, Hyongki Jung, Hahn Chul Yuan, Ting Beighley, R. Edward Duan, Jianbin BE Lakshmi, V Alsdorf, D Anderson, M Biancamaria, S Cosh, M Entin, J Huffman, G Kustas, W VanOevelen, P Painter, T Parajka, J Rodell, M Rudiger, C TI Controls of Terrestrial Water Storage Changes Over the Central Congo Basin Determined by Integrating PALSAR ScanSAR, Envisat Altimetry, and GRACE Data SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE TERRESTRIAL WATER CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle CY FEB 19-22, 2012 CL Kona, HI ID SATELLITE RADAR ALTIMETRY; SURFACE-WATER; AMAZON BASIN; CENTRAL-AFRICA; LEVEL CHANGES; FLOODPLAIN; WETLANDS; INUNDATION; DYNAMICS; RIVERS C1 [Lee, Hyongki; Yuan, Ting] Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Lee, Hyongki; Yuan, Ting] Univ Houston, Natl Ctr Airborne Laser Mapping, Houston, TX USA. [Jung, Hahn Chul] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Beighley, R. Edward] Northeastern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Duan, Jianbin] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Div Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-87208-6; 978-1-118-87203-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 206 BP 117 EP 129 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BD6QR UT WOS:000362499000007 ER PT S AU Moller, D Esteban-Fernandez, D AF Moller, Delwyn Esteban-Fernandez, Daniel BE Lakshmi, V Alsdorf, D Anderson, M Biancamaria, S Cosh, M Entin, J Huffman, G Kustas, W VanOevelen, P Painter, T Parajka, J Rodell, M Rudiger, C TI Near-Nadir Ka-band Field Observations of Freshwater Bodies SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE TERRESTRIAL WATER CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle CY FEB 19-22, 2012 CL Kona, HI ID RADAR BACKSCATTER; SURFACE; EXPANSION C1 [Moller, Delwyn; Esteban-Fernandez, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Moller, Delwyn] Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Barnstable, MA USA. RP Moller, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-87208-6; 978-1-118-87203-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 206 BP 143 EP 155 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BD6QR UT WOS:000362499000009 ER PT S AU Molotch, NP Durand, MT Guan, B Margulis, SA Davis, RE AF Molotch, Noah P. Durand, Michael T. Guan, Bin Margulis, Steven A. Davis, Robert E. BE Lakshmi, V Alsdorf, D Anderson, M Biancamaria, S Cosh, M Entin, J Huffman, G Kustas, W VanOevelen, P Painter, T Parajka, J Rodell, M Rudiger, C TI Snow Cover Depletion Curves and Snow Water Equivalent Reconstruction: Six Decades of Hydrologic Remote Sensing Applications SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE TERRESTRIAL WATER CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle CY FEB 19-22, 2012 CL Kona, HI ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MODEL; CATCHMENT; CLIMATE; RUNOFF; AREA; ASSIMILATION; BASINS; TRENDS; ENERGY C1 [Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Durand, Michael T.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Durand, Michael T.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Guan, Bin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Margulis, Steven A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Davis, Robert E.] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Molotch, NP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009 NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-87208-6; 978-1-118-87203-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 206 BP 159 EP 173 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BD6QR UT WOS:000362499000010 ER PT S AU Coons, LP Nolin, AW Gleason, KE Mar, EJ Rittger, K Roth, TR Painter, TH AF Coons, Lexi P. Nolin, Anne W. Gleason, Kelly E. Mar, Eugene J. Rittger, Karl Roth, Travis R. Painter, Thomas H. BE Lakshmi, V Alsdorf, D Anderson, M Biancamaria, S Cosh, M Entin, J Huffman, G Kustas, W VanOevelen, P Painter, T Parajka, J Rodell, M Rudiger, C TI Seeing the Snow Through the Trees: Toward a Validated Canopy Adjustment for Satellite Snow-Covered Area SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE TERRESTRIAL WATER CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle CY FEB 19-22, 2012 CL Kona, HI ID INCOMING LONGWAVE RADIATION; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; BOREAL FOREST; WATER EQUIVALENT; ENERGY-BALANCE; SEASONAL SNOW; AIRBORNE LIDAR; SIERRA-NEVADA; MELTING SNOW; RIVER-BASIN C1 [Coons, Lexi P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Helena Natl Forest, Helena, MT 59602 USA. [Nolin, Anne W.; Gleason, Kelly E.; Mar, Eugene J.; Roth, Travis R.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rittger, Karl; Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Coons, LP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Helena Natl Forest, Helena, MT 59602 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-87208-6; 978-1-118-87203-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 206 BP 199 EP 213 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BD6QR UT WOS:000362499000012 ER PT S AU Teng, W Rui, HL Vollmer, B de Jeu, R Fang, F Lei, GD Parinussa, R AF Teng, William Rui, Hualan Vollmer, Bruce de Jeu, Richard Fang, Fan Lei, Guang-Dih Parinussa, Robert BE Lakshmi, V Alsdorf, D Anderson, M Biancamaria, S Cosh, M Entin, J Huffman, G Kustas, W VanOevelen, P Painter, T Parajka, J Rodell, M Rudiger, C TI NASA Giovanni: A Tool for Visualizing, Analyzing, and Intercomparing Soil Moisture Data SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE TERRESTRIAL WATER CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle CY FEB 19-22, 2012 CL Kona, HI ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; RETRIEVAL; MISSION; PRODUCTS; SPACE C1 [Teng, William; Rui, Hualan; Vollmer, Bruce; Fang, Fan; Lei, Guang-Dih] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GES DISC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Teng, William; Rui, Hualan; Fang, Fan; Lei, Guang-Dih] ADNET Syst Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [de Jeu, Richard; Parinussa, Robert] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Teng, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GES DISC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-87208-6; 978-1-118-87203-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 206 BP 331 EP 346 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BD6QR UT WOS:000362499000020 ER PT S AU Farr, TG Liu, Z AF Farr, Tom G. Liu, Zhen BE Lakshmi, V Alsdorf, D Anderson, M Biancamaria, S Cosh, M Entin, J Huffman, G Kustas, W VanOevelen, P Painter, T Parajka, J Rodell, M Rudiger, C TI Monitoring Subsidence Associated with Groundwater Dynamics in the Central Valley of California Using Interferometric Radar SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE TERRESTRIAL WATER CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle CY FEB 19-22, 2012 CL Kona, HI ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SURFACE DEFORMATION; LAND SUBSIDENCE; LOS-ANGELES; LAS-VEGAS; INSAR; GRAVITY; NEVADA; GPS C1 [Farr, Tom G.; Liu, Zhen] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Farr, TG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-87208-6; 978-1-118-87203-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 206 BP 397 EP 406 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BD6QR UT WOS:000362499000024 ER PT S AU Rui, HL Teng, B Vollmer, B Mocko, D Lei, GD AF Rui, Hualan Teng, Bill Vollmer, Bruce Mocko, David Lei, Guang-Dih BE Lakshmi, V Alsdorf, D Anderson, M Biancamaria, S Cosh, M Entin, J Huffman, G Kustas, W VanOevelen, P Painter, T Parajka, J Rodell, M Rudiger, C TI NLDAS Views of North American 2011 Extreme Events SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE TERRESTRIAL WATER CYCLE SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle CY FEB 19-22, 2012 CL Kona, HI ID ASSIMILATION SYSTEM NLDAS; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS C1 [Rui, Hualan; Teng, Bill; Vollmer, Bruce; Mocko, David; Lei, Guang-Dih] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GES DISC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rui, Hualan; Teng, Bill; Vollmer, Bruce; Lei, Guang-Dih] ADNET Syst Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Mocko, David] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Rui, HL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GES DISC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-87208-6; 978-1-118-87203-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2015 VL 206 BP 409 EP 426 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BD6QR UT WOS:000362499000025 ER PT J AU Beswick, K Baumgardner, D Gallagher, M Raga, GB Minnis, P Spangenberg, DA Volz-Thomas, A Nedelec, P Wang, KY AF Beswick, Karl Baumgardner, Darrel Gallagher, Martin Raga, Graciela B. Minnis, Patrick Spangenberg, Douglas A. Volz-Thomas, Andreas Nedelec, Philippe Wang, Kuo-Ying TI Properties of small cirrus ice crystals from commercial aircraft measurements and implications for flight operations SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cirrus clouds; optical particle spectrometer; IAGOS ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTICLE MEASUREMENTS; GENERATING CELLS; TROPICAL CIRRUS; CLOUDS; MIDLATITUDE; ANVILS; PARAMETERIZATION; CUMULONIMBUS AB Measurements of cloud ice crystal size distributions have been made by a backscatter cloud probe (BCP) mounted on five commercial airliners flying international routes that cross five continents. Bulk cloud parameters were also derived from the size distributions. As of 31 December 2014, a total of 4399 flights had accumulated data from 665 hours in more than 19 000 cirrus clouds larger than 5 km in length. The BCP measures the equivalent optical diameter (EOD) of individual crystals in the 5-90 mu m range from which size distributions are derived and recorded every 4 seconds. The cirrus cloud property database, an ongoing development stemming from these measurements, registers the total crystal number and mass concentration, effective and median volume diameters and extinction coefficients derived from the size distribution. This information is accompanied by the environmental temperature, pressure, aircraft position, date and time of each sample. The seasonal variations of the cirrus cloud properties measured from 2012 to 2014 are determined for six geographic regions in the tropics and extratropics. Number concentrations range from a few per litre for thin cirrus to several hundreds of thousands for heavy cirrus. Temperatures range from 205 to 250K and effective radii from 12 to 20 mu m. A comparison of the regional and seasonal number and mass size distributions, and the bulk microphysical properties derived from them, demonstrates that cirrus properties cannot be easily parameterised by temperature or by latitude. The seasonal changes in the size distributions from the extratropical Atlantic and Eurasian air routes are distinctly different, showing shifts from monomodal to bi-modal spectra out of phase with one another. This phase difference may be linked to the timing of deep convection and cold fronts that lead to the cirrus formation. Likewise, the size spectra of cirrus over the tropical Atlantic and Eastern Brazil differ from each other although they were measured in adjoining regions. The cirrus crystals in the maritime continental tropical region over Malaysia form tri-modal spectra that are not found in any of the other regions measured by the IAGOS aircraft so far, a feature that is possibly linked to biomass burning or dust. Frequent measurements of ice crystal concentrations greater than 1 x 10(5) L-1, often accompanied by anomalously warm temperature and erratic airspeed readings, suggest that aircraft often experience conditions that affect their sensors. This new instrument, if used operationally, has the potential of providing real-time and valuable information to assist in flight operations as well as providing real-time information for along-track nowcasting. C1 [Beswick, Karl; Gallagher, Martin] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Baumgardner, Darrel] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Raga, Graciela B.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Minnis, Patrick] NASA, Langley, VA USA. [Spangenberg, Douglas A.] SSAI, Hampton, VA USA. [Volz-Thomas, Andreas] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Volz-Thomas, Andreas] IAGOS AISBL, Brussels, Belgium. [Nedelec, Philippe] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Wang, Kuo-Ying] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taoyuan, Taiwan. RP Baumgardner, D (reprint author), Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM darrel.baumgardner@gmail.com RI Raga, Graciela/A-4340-2008; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/J-7223-2012; OI Volz-Thomas, Andreas/0000-0003-3700-1667; Gallagher, Martin/0000-0002-4968-6088 FU National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom FX The authors thank the National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom for their support of the IAGOS project and the lead author, to Martina Kramer and Anna Luebke of the Forschungszentrum Julich, Institut fur Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphare 1: Stratosphare, the NASA High Ice Water Content Program, the European Commission who supported the preparatory phase of IAGOS (2005-2012), the partner institutions of the IAGOS Research Infrastructure (FZJ, DLR, MPI, KIT in Germany, CNRS, CNES, Meteo-France in France and University of Manchester in United Kingdom, ETHER (CNES-CNRS/INSU) for hosting the database, and the participating airlines (Lufthansa, Air France, China Airlines, Iberia, Cathay Pacific) for the transport free of charge of the instrumentation. They acknowledge the helpful comments and recommendations of two anonymous reviewers that help strengthen the general content of this manuscript. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 EI 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PY 2015 VL 67 AR 27876 DI 10.3402/tellusb.v67.27876 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5BQ UT WOS:000362822200001 ER PT S AU Adriani, O Akaike, Y Asano, K Asaoka, Y Bagliesi, MG Bigongiari, G Binns, WR Bonechi, S Bongi, M Buckley, JH Castellini, G Cherry, ML Collazuol, G Ebisawa, K Di Felice, V Fuke, H Guzik, TG Hams, T Hareyama, M Hasebe, N Hibino, K Ichimura, M Ioka, K Israel, MH Javaid, A Kamioka, E Kasahara, K Kataoka, J Kataoka, R Katayose, Y Kawanaka, N Kitamura, H Kotani, T Krawczynski, HS Krizmanic, JF Kubota, A Kuramata, S Lomtadze, T Maestro, P Marcelli, L Marrocchesi, PS Mitchell, JW Miyake, S Mizutani, K Moiseev, AA Mori, K Mori, M Mori, N Motz, HM Munakata, K Murakami, H Nakagawa, YE Nakahira, S Nishimura, J Okuno, S Ormes, JF Ozawa, S Palma, F Papini, P Rauch, BF Ricciarini, SB Sakamoto, T Sasaki, M Shibata, M Shimizu, Y Shiomi, A Sparvoli, R Spillantini, P Takahashi, I Takayanagi, M Takita, M Tamura, T Tateyama, N Terasawa, T Tomida, H Torii, S Tunesada, Y Uchihori, Y Ueno, S Vannuccini, E Wefel, JP Yamaoka, K Yanagita, S Yoshida, A Yoshida, K Yuda, T AF Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Bagliesi, M. G. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W. R. Bonechi, S. Bongi, M. Buckley, J. H. Castellini, G. Cherry, M. L. Collazuol, G. Ebisawa, K. Di Felice, V. Fuke, H. Guzik, T. G. Hams, T. Hareyama, M. Hasebe, N. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Israel, M. H. Javaid, A. Kamioka, E. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kawanaka, N. Kitamura, H. Kotani, T. Krawczynski, H. S. Krizmanic, J. F. Kubota, A. Kuramata, S. Lomtadze, T. Maestro, P. Marcelli, L. Marrocchesi, P. S. Mitchell, J. W. Miyake, S. Mizutani, K. Moiseev, A. A. Mori, K. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H. M. Munakata, K. Murakami, H. Nakagawa, Y. E. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J. F. Ozawa, S. Palma, F. Papini, P. Rauch, B. F. Ricciarini, S. B. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shibata, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Sparvoli, R. Spillantini, P. Takahashi, I. Takayanagi, M. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Tateyama, N. Terasawa, T. Tomida, H. Torii, S. Tunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Ueno, S. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J. P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Yuda, T. GP IOP TI The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) for high-energy astroparticle physics on the International Space Station SO 24TH EUROPEAN COSMIC RAY SYMPOSIUM (ECRS) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th European Cosmic Ray Symposium (ECRS) CY SEP 01-05, 2014 CL Christian Albrechts Univ Kiel, Kiel, GERMANY HO Christian Albrechts Univ Kiel ID PERFORMANCE AB The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a space experiment, currently under development by Japan in collaboration with Italy and the United States, which will measure the flux of cosmic-ray electrons (and positrons) up to 20 TeV energy, of gamma rays up to 10 TeV, of nuclei with Z from 1 to 40 up to 1 PeV energy, and will detect gamma-ray bursts in the 7 keV to 20 MeV energy range during a 5 year mission. These measurements are essential to investigate possible nearby astrophysical sources of high energy electrons, study the details of galactic particle propagation and search for dark matter signatures. The main detector of CALET, the Calorimeter, consists of a module to identify the particle charge, followed by a thin imaging calorimeter (3 radiation lengths) with tungsten plates interleaving scintillating fibre planes, and a thick energy measuring calorimeter (27 radiation lengths) composed of lead tungstate logs. The Calorimeter has the depth, imaging capabilities and energy resolution necessary for excellent separation between hadrons, electrons and gamma rays. The instrument is currently being prepared for launch (expected in 2015) to the International Space Station ISS, for installation on the Japanese Experiment Module - Exposure Facility (JEM-EF). C1 [Sakamoto, T.; Takahashi, I.; Yoshida, A.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Tokyo 150, Japan. [Hams, T.; Krizmanic, J. F.; Moiseev, A. A.; Sasaki, M.] NASA, CRESST, GSFC, Washington, DC USA. [Krizmanic, J. F.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Hams, T.; Moiseev, A. A.; Sasaki, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Ichimura, M.; Kuramata, S.] Hirosaki Univ, Aomori, Japan. [Miyake, S.] Ibaraki Natl Coll Technol, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, Japan. [Yanagita, S.] Ibaraki Univ, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan. [Takita, M.; Terasawa, T.; Yuda, T.] Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Shimizu, Y.; Tamura, T.; Torii, S.] JAXA, SEUC, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. [Ebisawa, K.; Fuke, H.; Mori, K.; Nakagawa, Y. E.; Nakahira, S.; Nishimura, J.; Takayanagi, M.; Tomida, H.; Ueno, S.] JAXA, ISAS, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. [Hibino, K.; Okuno, S.; Tamura, T.; Tateyama, N.] Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Ioka, K.] KEK, Tokyo, Japan. [Cherry, M. L.; Guzik, T. G.; Javaid, A.; Wefel, J. P.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Yamaoka, K.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Mitchell, J. W.] NASA, GSFC, Washington, DC USA. [Kataoka, R.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Kitamura, H.; Uchihori, Y.] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba, Japan. [Shiomi, A.] Nihon Univ, Tokyo 102, Japan. [Mori, M.] Ritsumeikan Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Mizutani, K.] Saitama Univ, Saitama, Japan. [Kamioka, E.; Kubota, A.; Yoshida, K.] Shibaura Inst Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Munakata, K.] Shinshu Univ, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. [Hareyama, M.] St Marianna Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan. [Kawanaka, N.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Asano, K.; Tunesada, Y.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Adriani, O.; Bongi, M.; Castellini, G.; Mori, N.; Papini, P.; Ricciarini, S. B.; Spillantini, P.; Vannuccini, E.] Univ Florence, IFAC, CNR, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Adriani, O.; Bagliesi, M. G.; Bigongiari, G.; Bonechi, S.; Bongi, M.; Castellini, G.; Collazuol, G.; Di Felice, V.; Lomtadze, T.; Maestro, P.; Marcelli, L.; Marrocchesi, P. S.; Mori, N.; Palma, F.; Papini, P.; Ricciarini, S. B.; Sparvoli, R.; Spillantini, P.; Vannuccini, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Naples, Italy. [Collazuol, G.] Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Lomtadze, T.] Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Di Felice, V.; Marcelli, L.; Palma, F.; Sparvoli, R.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. [Bagliesi, M. G.; Bigongiari, G.; Bonechi, S.; Maestro, P.; Marrocchesi, P. S.] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Asaoka, Y.; Hasebe, N.; Kasahara, K.; Kataoka, J.; Kotani, T.; Mori, K.; Motz, H. M.; Murakami, H.; Ozawa, S.; Torii, S.] Waseda Univ, Tokyo, Japan. [Binns, W. R.; Buckley, J. H.; Israel, M. H.; Krawczynski, H. S.; Rauch, B. F.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Katayose, Y.; Shibata, M.] Yokohama Natl Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Ricciarini, S. B.] CNR, Ist Appl Phys Nello Carrara IFAC, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. RP Ricciarini, SB (reprint author), CNR, Ist Appl Phys Nello Carrara IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. EM s.ricciarini@ifac.cnr.it RI Mori, Nicola/D-9459-2016; Di Felice, Valeria/L-2989-2016; Marrocchesi, Pier Simone/N-9068-2015; Bongi, Massimo/L-9417-2015; maestro, paolo/E-3280-2010; marcelli, laura/K-8860-2016; Palma, Francesco/K-3224-2015 OI Mori, Nicola/0000-0003-2138-3787; Papini, Paolo/0000-0003-4718-2895; Ricciarini, Sergio Bruno/0000-0001-6176-3368; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Sparvoli, Roberta/0000-0002-6314-6117; Marrocchesi, Pier Simone/0000-0003-1966-140X; Bongi, Massimo/0000-0002-6050-1937; maestro, paolo/0000-0002-4193-1288; marcelli, laura/0000-0002-3180-1228; Palma, Francesco/0000-0001-7076-8830 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 632 AR 012023 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/632/1/012023 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BD6JO UT WOS:000362286200023 ER PT S AU Cornish, JRM Gange, G Navas, JA Schachte, P Sondergaard, H Stuckey, PJ AF Cornish, J. Robert M. Gange, Graeme Navas, Jorge A. Schachte, Peter Sondergaard, Harald Stuckey, Peter J. BE Proietti, M Seki, H TI Analyzing Array Manipulating Programs by Program Transformation SO LOGIC-BASED PROGRAM SYNTHESIS AND TRANSFORMATION (LOPSTR 2014) SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium on Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation (LOPSTR) CY SEP 09-11, 2014 CL Univ Kent, Canterbury, ENGLAND HO Univ Kent ID INVARIANTS; DOMAINS AB We explore a transformational approach to the problem of verifying simple array-manipulating programs. Traditionally, verification of such programs requires intricate analysis machinery to reason with universally quantified statements about symbolic array segments, such as "every data item stored in the segment A[i] to A[j] is equal to the corresponding item stored in the segment B[i] to B[j]." We define a simple abstract machine which allows for set-valued variables and we show how to translate programs with array operations to array-free code for this machine. For the purpose of program analysis, the translated program remains faithful to the semantics of array manipulation. Based on our implementation in LLVM, we evaluate the approach with respect to its ability to extract useful invariants and the cost in terms of code size. C1 [Cornish, J. Robert M.; Gange, Graeme; Schachte, Peter; Sondergaard, Harald; Stuckey, Peter J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Comp & Informat Syst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Navas, Jorge A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Sondergaard, H (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Comp & Informat Syst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM j.cornish@student.unimelb.edu.au; gkgange@unimelb.edu.au; jorge.a.navaslaserna@nasa.gov; schachte@unimelb.edu.au; harald@unimelb.edu.au; pstuckey@unimelb.edu.au RI Schachte, Peter/H-4848-2016; OI Schachte, Peter/0000-0001-5959-3769; Gange, Graeme/0000-0002-1354-431X; Sondergaard, Harald/0000-0002-2352-1883 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-17822-6; 978-3-319-17821-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 8981 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-17822-6_1 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD5WN UT WOS:000361842100003 ER PT S AU Murugesan, A Whalen, MW Rungta, N Tkachuk, O Person, S Heimdahl, MPE You, DJ AF Murugesan, Anitha Whalen, Michael W. Rungta, Neha Tkachuk, Oksana Person, Suzette Heimdahl, Mats P. E. You, Dongjiang BE Havelund, K Holzmann, G Joshi, R TI Are We There Yet? Determining the Adequacy of Formalized Requirements and Test Suites SO NASA FORMAL METHODS (NFM 2015) SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th NASA Formal Methods Symposium (NFM) CY APR 27-29, 2015 CL Pasadena, CA SP NASA AB Structural coverage metrics have traditionally categorized code as either covered or uncovered. Recent work presents a stronger notion of coverage, checked coverage, which counts only statements whose execution contributes to an outcome checked by an oracle. While this notion of coverage addresses the adequacy of the oracle, for Model-Based Development of safety critical systems, it is still not enough; we are also interested in how much of the oracle is covered, and whether the values of program variables are masked when the oracle is evaluated. Such information can help system engineers identify missing requirements as well as missing test cases. In this work, we combine results from checked coverage with results from requirements coverage to help provide insight to engineers as to whether the requirements or the test suite need to be improved. We implement a dynamic backward slicing technique and evaluate it on several systems developed in Simulink. The results of our preliminary study show that even for systems with comprehensive test suites and good sets of requirements, our approach can identify cases where more tests or more requirements are needed to improve coverage numbers. C1 [Murugesan, Anitha; Whalen, Michael W.; Heimdahl, Mats P. E.; You, Dongjiang] Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rungta, Neha; Tkachuk, Oksana] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain, CA USA. [Person, Suzette] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Murugesan, A (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 200 Union St, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM anitha@cs.umn.edu; whalen@cs.umn.edu; neha.s.rungta@nasa.gov; oksana.tkachuk@nasa.gov; suzette.person@nasa.gov; heimdahl@cs.umn.edu; djyou@cs.umn.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-17524-9; 978-3-319-17523-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9058 BP 279 EP 294 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-17524-9_20 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD6BA UT WOS:000361977000020 ER PT S AU Gange, G Navas, JA Schachte, P Sondergaard, H Stuckey, PJ AF Gange, Graeme Navas, Jorge A. Schachte, Peter Sondergaard, Harald Stuckey, Peter J. BE Havelund, K Holzmann, G Joshi, R TI A Tool for Intersecting Context-Free Grammars and Its Applications SO NASA FORMAL METHODS (NFM 2015) SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th NASA Formal Methods Symposium (NFM) CY APR 27-29, 2015 CL Pasadena, CA SP NASA ID PROGRAMS AB This paper describes a tool for intersecting context-free grammars. Since this problem is undecidable the tool follows a refinement-based approach and implements a novel refinement which is complete for regularly separable grammars. We show its effectiveness for safety verification of recursive multi-threaded programs. C1 [Gange, Graeme; Schachte, Peter; Sondergaard, Harald; Stuckey, Peter J.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Navas, Jorge A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Navas, JA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM gkgange@unimelb.edu.au; jorge.a.navaslaserna@nasa.gov; schachte@unimelb.edu.au; harald@unimelb.edu.au; pstuckey@unimelb.edu.au RI Schachte, Peter/H-4848-2016; OI Schachte, Peter/0000-0001-5959-3769; Gange, Graeme/0000-0002-1354-431X; Sondergaard, Harald/0000-0002-2352-1883 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-17524-9; 978-3-319-17523-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9058 BP 422 EP 428 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-17524-9_31 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD6BA UT WOS:000361977000031 ER PT J AU Hayashida, S Liu, X Ono, A Yang, K Chance, K AF Hayashida, S. Liu, X. Ono, A. Yang, K. Chance, K. TI Observation of ozone enhancement in the lower troposphere over East Asia from a space-borne ultraviolet spectrometer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; AIR-POLLUTION; COLUMN OZONE; CHINA; PROFILES; MTX2006; OMI; ALGORITHM AB We report observations from space using ultraviolet (UV) radiance for significant enhancement of ozone in the lower troposphere over central and eastern China (CEC). The recent retrieval products of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite revealed the spatial and temporal variation of ozone distributions in multiple layers in the troposphere. We compared the OMI-derived ozone over Beijing with airborne measurements by the Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) program. The correlation between OMI and MOZAIC ozone in the lower troposphere was reasonable, which assured the reliability of OMI ozone retrievals in the lower troposphere under enhanced ozone conditions. The ozone enhancement was clearly observed over CEC, with Shandong Province as its center, and was most notable in June in any given year. Similar seasonal variations were observed throughout the 9-year OMI measurement period of 2005 to 2013. A considerable part of this ozone enhancement could be attributed to the emissions of ozone precursors from industrial activities and automobiles, and possibly from open crop residue burning (OCRB) after the winter wheat harvest. The ozone distribution presented in this study is also consistent with some model studies. The lower tropospheric ozone distribution is first shown from OMI retrieval in this study, and the results will be useful in clarifying any unknown factors that influence ozone distribution by comparison with model simulations. C1 [Hayashida, S.; Ono, A.] Nara Womens Univ, Fac Sci, Nara 6308263, Japan. [Liu, X.; Chance, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Yang, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yang, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hayashida, S (reprint author), Nara Womens Univ, Fac Sci, Nara 6308263, Japan. EM sachiko@ics.nara-wu.ac.jp RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014 OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X FU European Commission; Green Network of Excellence, Environmental Information (GRENE-ei) program, MEXT, Japan; NASA; Smithsonian Institution FX We express our thanks to the European Commission for the support to the MOZAIC project (1994-2003), to partner institutions of the IAGOS Research Infrastructure (FZJ, DLR, MPI, and KIT in Germany; CNRS, CNES, and Meteo-France in France; and the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom), ETHER (CNES-CNRS/INSU) for hosting the database, and to participating airlines (Lufthansa, Air France, Austrian, China Airlines, Iberia, and Cathay Pacific) for transporting the instrumentation free of charge. We also express our gratitude to H. Araki and M. Nakazawa for their help with the data analysis and creation of figures, and to Yugo Kanaya for his helpful comments on MTX2006. S. Hayashida and A. Ono were supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Green Network of Excellence, Environmental Information (GRENE-ei) program, MEXT, Japan. X. Liu and K. Chance were supported by NASA and the Smithsonian Institution. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 17 BP 9865 EP 9881 DI 10.5194/acp-15-9865-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR7YH UT WOS:000361567600008 ER PT J AU Livesey, NJ Santee, ML Manney, GL AF Livesey, N. J. Santee, M. L. Manney, G. L. TI A Match-based approach to the estimation of polar stratospheric ozone loss using Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 1995-96 ARCTIC WINTER; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; NITRIC-ACID; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; LAGRANGIAN APPROACH; MLS OBSERVATIONS; ANTARCTIC OZONE; UARS DATA; EOS MLS AB The well-established "Match" approach to quantifying chemical destruction of ozone in the polar lower stratosphere is applied to ozone observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on NASA's Aura spacecraft. Quantification of ozone loss requires distinguishing transport-and chemically induced changes in ozone abundance. This is accomplished in the Match approach by examining cases where trajectories indicate that the same air mass has been observed on multiple occasions. The method was pioneered using ozonesonde observations, for which hundreds of matched ozone observations per winter are typically available. The dense coverage of the MLS measurements, particularly at polar latitudes, allows matches to be made to thousands of observations each day. This study is enabled by recently developed MLS Lagrangian trajectory diagnostic (LTD) support products. Sensitivity studies indicate that the largest influence on the ozone loss estimates are the value of potential vorticity (PV) used to define the edge of the polar vortex (within which matched observations must lie) and the degree to which the PV of an air mass is allowed to vary between matched observations. Applying Match calculations to MLS observations of nitrous oxide, a long-lived tracer whose expected rate of change is negligible on the weekly to monthly timescales considered here, enables quantification of the impact of transport errors on the Match-based ozone loss estimates. Our loss estimates are generally in agreement with previous estimates for selected Arctic winters, though indicating smaller losses than many other studies. Arctic ozone losses are greatest during the 2010/11 winter, as seen in prior studies, with 2.0 ppmv (parts per million by volume) loss estimated at 450 K potential temperature (similar to 18 km altitude). As expected, Antarctic winter ozone losses are consistently greater than those for the Arctic, with less interannual variability (e.g., ranging between 2.3 and 3.0 ppmv at 450 K). This study exemplifies the insights into atmospheric processes that can be obtained by applying the Match methodology to a densely sampled observation record such as that from Aura MLS. C1 [Livesey, N. J.; Santee, M. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Manney, G. L.] NorthWest Res Associates, Socorro, NM USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Livesey, NJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM nathaniel.j.livesey@jpl.nasa.gov NR 100 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 17 BP 9945 EP 9963 DI 10.5194/acp-15-9945-2015 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR7YH UT WOS:000361567600013 ER PT J AU Harris, NRP Hassler, B Tummon, F Bodeker, GE Hubert, D Petropavlovskikh, I Steinbrecht, W Anderson, J Bhartia, PK Boone, CD Bourassa, A Davis, SM Degenstein, D Delcloo, A Frith, SM Froidevaux, L Godin-Beekmann, S Jones, N Kurylo, MJ Kyrola, E Laine, M Leblanc, ST Lambert, JC Liley, B Mahieu, E Maycock, A de Maziere, M Parrish, A Querel, R Rosenlof, KH Roth, C Sioris, C Staehelin, J Stolarski, RS Stubi, R Tamminen, J Vigouroux, C Walker, KA Wang, HJ Wild, J Zawodny, JM AF Harris, N. R. P. Hassler, B. Tummon, F. Bodeker, G. E. Hubert, D. Petropavlovskikh, I. Steinbrecht, W. Anderson, J. Bhartia, P. K. Boone, C. D. Bourassa, A. Davis, S. M. Degenstein, D. Delcloo, A. Frith, S. M. Froidevaux, L. Godin-Beekmann, S. Jones, N. Kurylo, M. J. Kyrola, E. Laine, M. Leblanc, S. T. Lambert, J. -C. Liley, B. Mahieu, E. Maycock, A. de Maziere, M. Parrish, A. Querel, R. Rosenlof, K. H. Roth, C. Sioris, C. Staehelin, J. Stolarski, R. S. Stuebi, R. Tamminen, J. Vigouroux, C. Walker, K. A. Wang, H. J. Wild, J. Zawodny, J. M. TI Past changes in the vertical distribution of ozone - Part 3: Analysis and interpretation of trends SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SAGE-II; TOTAL COLUMN; DATA SET; SATELLITE; VARIABILITY; PROFILES; CIRCULATION; STATIONS; LAYER AB Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone are reported and compared for a number of new and recently revised data sets. The amount of ozone-depleting compounds in the stratosphere (as measured by equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine - EESC) was maximised in the second half of the 1990s. We examine the periods before and after the peak to see if any change in trend is discernible in the ozone record that might be attributable to a change in the EESC trend, though no attribution is attempted. Prior to 1998, trends in the upper stratosphere (similar to 45 km, 4 hPa) are found to be -5 to -10% per decade at mid-latitudes and closer to -5% per decade in the tropics. No trends are found in the mid-stratosphere (28 km, 30 hPa). Negative trends are seen in the lower stratosphere at mid-latitudes in both hemispheres and in the deep tropics. However, it is hard to be categorical about the trends in the lower stratosphere for three reasons: (i) there are fewer measurements, (ii) the data quality is poorer, and (iii) the measurements in the 1990s are perturbed by aerosols from the Mt Pinatubo eruption in 1991. These findings are similar to those reported previously even though the measurements for the main satellite and ground-based records have been revised. There is no sign of a continued negative trend in the upper stratosphere since 1998: instead there is a hint of an average positive trend of similar to 2% per decade in mid-latitudes and similar to 3% per decade in the tropics. The significance of these upward trends is investigated using different assumptions of the independence of the trend estimates found from different data sets. The averaged upward trends are significant if the trends derived from various data sets are assumed to be independent (as in Pawson et al., 2014) but are generally not significant if the trends are not independent. This occurs because many of the underlying measurement records are used in more than one merged data set. At this point it is not possible to say which assumption is best. Including an estimate of the drift of the overall ozone observing system decreases the significance of the trends. The significance will become clearer as (i) more years are added to the observational record, (ii) further improvements are made to the historic ozone record (e. g. through algorithm development), and (iii) the data merging techniques are refined, particularly through a more rigorous treatment of uncertainties. C1 [Harris, N. R. P.; Maycock, A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Hassler, B.; Petropavlovskikh, I.; Davis, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Hassler, B.; Davis, S. M.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Tummon, F.; Staehelin, J.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bodeker, G. E.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, New Zealand. [Hubert, D.; Lambert, J. -C.; de Maziere, M.; Vigouroux, C.] BIRA, IASB, Brussels, Belgium. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Steinbrecht, W.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Anderson, J.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Boone, C. D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bourassa, A.; Degenstein, D.; Roth, C.; Sioris, C.] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Delcloo, A.] Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, Brussels, Belgium. [Frith, S. M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Froidevaux, L.; Leblanc, S. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Godin-Beekmann, S.] Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, CNRS, Guyancourt, France. [Jones, N.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Kurylo, M. J.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kyrola, E.; Laine, M.; Tamminen, J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Liley, B.; Querel, R.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Lauder, New Zealand. [Mahieu, E.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium. [Parrish, A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Stolarski, R. S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Stuebi, R.] MeteoSwiss, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Wang, H. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wild, J.] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wild, J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Zawodny, J. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Harris, NRP (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. EM neil.harris@ozone-sec.ch.cam.ac.uk RI Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Jones, Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Tamminen, Johanna/D-7959-2014; Querel, Richard/D-3770-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; OI Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Jones, Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137; Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Tamminen, Johanna/0000-0003-3095-0069; Querel, Richard/0000-0001-8792-2486; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755; Liley, Ben/0000-0002-8844-7928; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286; Hubert, Daan/0000-0002-4365-865X; Bodeker, Gregory/0000-0003-1094-5852; Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council; Australian Research Council; New Zealand's Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment FX The authors thank the many people who have contributed to the ozone measurement programmes over the years. The quality of their work is fundamental to the value of long-term measurement programmes and analyses of the resulting data. In particular we thank all those involved in the SI2N initiative whose research underlies the results presented here. The support of SPARC, IO3C, IGACO-O3 and NDACC was essential to the success of the initiative. Neil Harris thanks the UK Natural Environment Research Council for an Advanced Research Fellowship. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. P. Bernath and R. Fuller are thanked for help with the access and analysis of the ACE-FTS and MLS data, respectively (as part of GOZCARDS). The ground-based data used in this publication were obtained as part of NDACC and are publicly available. Measurements at Lauder are core funded through New Zealand's Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, while those at Woolongong are supported by the Australian Research Council. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 17 BP 9965 EP 9982 DI 10.5194/acp-15-9965-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR7YH UT WOS:000361567600014 ER PT S AU Miller, AA AF Miller, Adam A. BE Chu, W Kikuchi, S Bhalla, S TI A Photometric Machine-Learning Method to Infer Stellar Metallicity SO DATABASES IN NETWORKED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (DNIS 2015) SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Databases in Networked Information Systems (DNIS) CY MAR 23-25, 2015 CL Univ Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, JAPAN SP Univ Aizu, Ctr Strategy Int Programs, Univ Aizu, Grad Dept Informat Technol & Project Management HO Univ Aizu DE photometric surveys; machine learning; random forest; stellar metallicity ID AUTOMATED SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION; VARIABLE-STARS AB Following its formation, a star's metal content is one of the few factors that can significantly alter its evolution. Measurements of stellar metallicity ([Fe/H]) typically require a spectrum, but spectroscopic surveys are limited to a fewx 10(6) targets; photometric surveys, on the other hand, have detected > 10(9) stars. I present a new machinelearning method to predict [Fe/H] from photometric colors measured by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The training set consists of,--,120,000 stars with SDSS photometry and reliable [Fe/H] measurements from the SEGUE Stellar Parameters Pipeline (SSPP). For bright stars (g' <= 18 mag), with 4500 K <= T-eff <= 7000 K, corresponding to those with the most reliable SSPP estimates, I find that the model predicts [Fe/H] values with a root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) of r similar to 0.27 dex. The RMSE from this machine-learning method is similar to the scatter in [Fe/H] measurements from low-resolution spectra. C1 [Miller, Adam A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Miller, Adam A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Miller, AA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM amiller@astro.caltech.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-16313-0; 978-3-319-16312-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 8999 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD5PJ UT WOS:000361698800017 ER PT B AU Link, JS Smith, BE Packer, DB Fogarty, MJ Langton, RW AF Link, Jason S. Smith, Brian E. Packer, David B. Fogarty, Michael J. Langton, Richard W. BE Gibson, RN Nash, RDM Geffen, AJ VanDerVeer, HW TI The trophic ecology of flatfishes SO FLATFISHES: BIOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Diet; trophodynamics; predator-prey; competition; food habits; global meta-analysis; piscivores; crustacean-feeders; polychaete-feeders; echinoderm-feeders ID PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS L; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; TURBOT SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS; LIMANDA-FERRUGINEA STORER; SCOTTISH SANDY BEACH; WESTERN WADDEN SEA; GEORGES BANK; YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER; WINTER FLOUNDER AB A global summary indicates that, in general, flatfishes feed on worms, small crustaceans, fishes, and squid, with a few specialist feeders (e.g., echinoderms or bivalve siphons). Morphology, ontogeny, and prey spatio-temporal availability determine the diet. In some cases, predation by flatfishes can have significant impacts on their prey populations. Flatfishes are also eaten by many different predators, and the degree of predation varies across life history and may influence annual variations in year-class strength. Flatfishes can have high spatial, temporal and dietary overlaps with other species, and coupled with opposite trends in abundance of possible competitor populations suggest that competitive processes do occur. Better assessments of in situ competition and population-level impacts are fruitful areas for further research. Understanding the impacts of changes to benthic communities, and their broader implications for flatfishes, also warrants further attention. C1 [Link, Jason S.; Smith, Brian E.; Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Packer, David B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Langton, Richard W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jason.link@noaa.gov; brian.smith@noaa.gov; david.packer@noaa.gov; michael.fogarty@noaa.gov; richard.Langton@noaa.gov NR 157 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-50115-3; 978-1-118-50119-1 PY 2015 BP 283 EP 313 PG 31 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD5UQ UT WOS:000361829300012 ER PT B AU Gibson, RN Stoner, AW Ryer, CH AF Gibson, Robin N. Stoner, Allan W. Ryer, Clifford H. BE Gibson, RN Nash, RDM Geffen, AJ VanDerVeer, HW TI The behaviour of flatfishes SO FLATFISHES: BIOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Flatfish behaviour; locomotion; spawning; feeding; predation; movements; fishing; aquaculture; stock enhancement ID PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; SOLE SOLEA-SOLEA; NORTH-SEA PLAICE; HALIBUT REINHARDTIUS-HIPPOGLOSSOIDES; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; DEPENDENT HABITAT SELECTION; TIDAL STREAM TRANSPORT; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS L.; EASTERN BERING-SEA AB This chapter provides an overview of the principal aspects of flatfish behaviour during the benthic stage of their life history. It concentrates on the activities of spawning, feeding and reactions to predators that enable flatfishes to reproduce, grow and survive. These activities take place over a wide range of spatial scales from localized foraging to long-distance migrations and a brief account of movement patterns that have evolved to make the most effective use of the environment is included. Finally, aspects of flatfish behaviour that are important in relationships with humans, including the design of fishing gear, culturing practices and stock enhancement are discussed. C1 [Gibson, Robin N.] Mark Corner, Dumfries DG6 4PR, Scotland. [Gibson, Robin N.] Mark Corner, Dumfries DG6 4PR, Scotland. [Stoner, Allan W.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ryer, Clifford H.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Gibson, RN (reprint author), Mark Corner, Dumfries DG6 4PR, Scotland. EM robin.gibson@sams.ac.uk; allan.stoner@gmail.com; cliff.ryer@noaa.gov NR 228 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-50115-3; 978-1-118-50119-1 PY 2015 BP 314 EP 345 PG 32 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD5UQ UT WOS:000361829300013 ER PT B AU Johnson, SB AF Johnson, Stephen B. BE Rainey, LB Tolk, A TI System Health Management SO MODELING AND SIMULATION SUPPORT FOR SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Johnson, Stephen B.] Dependable Syst Technol LLC, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Johnson, Stephen B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. [Johnson, Stephen B.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Mission & Fault Management, Space Launch Syst Program, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Johnson, SB (reprint author), Dependable Syst Technol LLC, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-50175-7; 978-1-118-46031-3 PY 2015 BP 131 EP 143 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BD3SC UT WOS:000360112500007 ER PT J AU Stoica, A AF Stoica, Adrian TI Foreword and Editorial SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECURITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Stoica, A (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE & ENGINEERING RESEARCH SUPPORT SOC PI DAEJON PA RM 402, MAN-JE BLDG, 449-8 OJUNG-DONG, DAEDOEK-GU, DAEJON, 00000, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-9976 J9 INT J SECUR APPL JI Int. J. Secur. Appl. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 9 IS 1 BP V EP XII PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA CR5HO UT WOS:000361372000001 ER PT J AU Lopez, CF Jeevarajan, JA Mukherjee, PP AF Lopez, Carlos F. Jeevarajan, Judith A. Mukherjee, Partha P. TI Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Abuse Behavior Using Experimental and Computational Analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; CELLS; STABILITY; SAFETY; ELECTROLYTE; PERFORMANCE; CATHODES; MODEL AB While the popularity of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has increased significantly in recent years, safety concerns due to the high thermal instability of LIBs limit their use in applications with zero tolerance for a catastrophic failure. Industries such as aerospace and automotive must be very stringent in their selection and design of lithium-ion cells and modules to meet safety requirements. A safety issue of particular interest is a scenario called thermal runaway in which one or more exothermic side-reactions occur, leading to elevated temperature ranges that in turn lead to an uncontrollable and excessive release of heat. This work aims to characterize the effect of these reactions by utilizing a thermal abuse model that predicts single-cell behavior when subjected to an elevated-temperature. The experimental test of the thermal safety behavior includes a constant-power heating element to trigger a thermal runaway event. This study takes an existing thermal abuse model and modifies it to emulate the conditions during a constant-power heating test. The result is found to be in agreement with the experimental data for different cell configurations. The influence of convection condition, cell physical configuration, and electrolyte combustion on the cell thermal behavior is also investigated. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopez, Carlos F.; Mukherjee, Partha P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Jeevarajan, Judith A.] Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Lopez, CF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pmukherjee@tamu.edu FU NASA Office of Education FX The authors acknowledge the NASA Office of Education for financial support on this work. Additionally, the support of the Energy System Test Area at NASA Johnson Space Center was invaluable in this work. CD-adapco and TAMU's computing infrastructure are gratefully acknowledged for their support and for access to the STAR-CCM+ software. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 11 U2 33 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 10 BP A2163 EP A2173 DI 10.1149/2.0751510jes PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CR7BB UT WOS:000361501800034 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, R Kurien, S Cambon, C AF Rubinstein, Robert Kurien, Susan Cambon, Claude TI Scalar and tensor spherical harmonics expansion of the velocity correlation in homogeneous anisotropic turbulence SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article DE homogeneous turbulence ID AXISYMMETRIC TURBULENCE; STATISTICS; FLOWS; MODEL AB The representation theory of the rotation group is applied to construct a series expansion of the correlation tensor in homogeneous anisotropic turbulence. The resolution of angular dependence is the main analytical difficulty posed by anisotropic turbulence; representation theory parametrises this dependence by a tensor analogue of the standard spherical harmonics expansion of a scalar. The series expansion is formulated in terms of explicitly constructed tensor bases with scalar coefficients determined by angular moments of the correlation tensor. C1 [Rubinstein, Robert] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Computat AeroSci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Kurien, Susan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Cambon, Claude] Univ Lyon, Ecole Cent Lyon, CNRS, LMFA UMR 5509, F-69134 Ecully, France. RP Rubinstein, R (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Computat AeroSci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM r.rubinstein@nasa.gov FU US DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Work at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, through the ASC program, was performed under the auspices of the US DOE contract no. [DE-AC52-06NA25396]. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2015 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1058 EP 1075 DI 10.1080/14685248.2015.1051184 PG 18 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CR4RR UT WOS:000361325900003 ER PT J AU Korotova, GI Sibeck, DG Tahakashi, K Dai, L Spence, HE Kletzing, CA Wygant, JR Manweiler, JW Moya, PS Hwang, KJ Redmon, RJ AF Korotova, G. I. Sibeck, D. G. Tahakashi, K. Dai, L. Spence, H. E. Kletzing, C. A. Wygant, J. R. Manweiler, J. W. Moya, P. S. Hwang, K. -J. Redmon, R. J. TI Van Allen Probe observations of drift-bounce resonances with Pc 4 pulsations and wave-particle interactions in the pre-midnight inner magnetosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Solar physics astrophysics and astronomy; wave-particle interactions ID FREQUENCY GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; SMALL PITCH ANGLES; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT; MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; THEMIS OBSERVATIONS; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; TRAPPED PARTICLES; ULF WAVES AB We present Van Allen Probe B observations of azimuthally limited, antisymmetric, poloidal Pc 4 electric and magnetic field pulsations in the pre-midnight sector of the magnetosphere from 05:40 to 06:00 UT on 1 May 2013. Oscillation periods were similar for the magnetic and electric fields and proton fluxes. The flux of energetic protons exhibited an energy-dependent response to the pulsations. Energetic proton variations were anticorrelated at medium and low energies. Although we attribute the pulsations to a drift-bounce resonance, we demonstrate that the energy-dependent response of the ion fluxes results from pulsation-associated velocities sweeping energy-dependent radial ion flux gradients back and forth past the spacecraft. C1 [Korotova, G. I.] Russian Acad Sci, IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Russia. [Korotova, G. I.] Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sibeck, D. G.; Moya, P. S.; Hwang, K. -J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tahakashi, K.] JHU APL, Laurel, MD USA. [Dai, L.; Wygant, J. R.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Spence, H. E.] Univ New Hampshire, EOS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kletzing, C. A.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Manweiler, J. W.] Fundamental Technol LLC, Lawrence, KS USA. [Redmon, R. J.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Korotova, GI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Russia. EM gkorotov@umd.edu RI Moya, Pablo/C-3163-2011; OI Moya, Pablo/0000-0002-9161-0888; Kletzing, Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348 FU NASA [NNX12AK09G]; NSF [AGS-1207445] FX The Van Allen Probes mission is supported by NASA. NASA GSFC's CDAWEB provided Wind and GOES observations, while SSCWEB provided Van Allen Probes EPHEMERIS. Work by G. Korotova at the University of Maryland was supported by grants from NASA NNX12AK09G and NSF AGS-1207445. We thank G. Reeves for helpful comments. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 8 BP 955 EP 964 DI 10.5194/angeo-33-955-2015 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ5NG UT WOS:000360651100002 ER PT J AU Richter, I Koenders, C Auster, HU Fruhauff, D Gotz, C Heinisch, P Perschke, C Motschmann, U Stoll, B Altwegg, K Burch, J Carr, C Cupido, E Eriksson, A Henri, P Goldstein, R Lebreton, JP Mokashi, P Nemeth, Z Nilsson, H Rubin, M Szego, K Tsurutani, BT Vallat, C Volwerk, M Glassmeier, KH AF Richter, I. Koenders, C. Auster, H. -U. Fruehauff, D. Goetz, C. Heinisch, P. Perschke, C. Motschmann, U. Stoll, B. Altwegg, K. Burch, J. Carr, C. Cupido, E. Eriksson, A. Henri, P. Goldstein, R. Lebreton, J. -P. Mokashi, P. Nemeth, Z. Nilsson, H. Rubin, M. Szegoe, K. Tsurutani, B. T. Vallat, C. Volwerk, M. Glassmeier, K. -H. TI Observation of a new type of low-frequency waves at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics (plasma waves and instabilities; solar wind interactions with unmagnetized bodies); solar physics astrophysics and astronomy (magnetic fields) ID ROSETTA PLASMA CONSORTIUM; P GRIGG-SKJELLERUP; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; ION; INSTABILITIES; MAGNETOMETER; ENVIRONMENT; HALLEY; RPC AB We report on magnetic field measurements made in the innermost coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in its low-activity state. Quasi-coherent, large-amplitude (delta B/B similar to 1), compressional magnetic field oscillations at similar to 40 mHz dominate the immediate plasma environment of the nucleus. This differs from previously studied cometary interaction regions where waves at the cometary ion gyro-frequencies are the main feature. Thus classical pickup-ion-driven instabilities are unable to explain the observations. We propose a cross-field current instability associated with newborn cometary ion currents as a possible source mechanism. C1 [Richter, I.; Koenders, C.; Auster, H. -U.; Fruehauff, D.; Goetz, C.; Heinisch, P.; Perschke, C.; Stoll, B.; Glassmeier, K. -H.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Perschke, C.; Motschmann, U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Theoret Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Motschmann, U.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Altwegg, K.; Rubin, M.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Burch, J.; Goldstein, R.; Mokashi, P.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Carr, C.; Cupido, E.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Eriksson, A.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, Angstrom Lab, Uppsala, Sweden. [Henri, P.; Lebreton, J. -P.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, UMR 7328, Orleans, France. [Nemeth, Z.; Szegoe, K.] Wigner Res Ctr Phys, Budapest, Hungary. [Nilsson, H.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, S-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. [Tsurutani, B. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Vallat, C.] European Space Astron Ctr, Rosetta Sci Ground Segment, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Volwerk, M.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. RP Richter, I (reprint author), Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. EM i.richter@tu-braunschweig.de RI Rubin, Martin/I-7777-2013 OI Rubin, Martin/0000-0001-6549-3318 FU German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Energie; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt [50QP 1401]; federal state of Bern; Swiss National Science Foundation; ESA PRODEX program FX The RPC-MAG and ROSINA data will be made available through the PSA archive of ESA and the PDS archive of NASA. Rosetta is a European Space Agency (ESA) mission with contributions from its member states and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The work on RPCMAG was financially supported by the German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Energie and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt under contract 50QP 1401. The work on ROSINA was funded by the federal state of Bern, the Swiss National Science Foundation, and the ESA PRODEX program. Portions of this research were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We are indebted to the whole of the Rosetta Mission Team, SGS, and RMOC for their outstanding efforts in making this mission possible. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1031 EP 1036 DI 10.5194/angeo-33-1031-2015 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ5NG UT WOS:000360651100010 ER PT J AU Guzman, C Castejon, P Onaindia, E Frank, J AF Guzman, Cesar Castejon, Pablo Onaindia, Eva Frank, Jeremy TI Reactive execution for solving plan failures in planning control applications SO INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Reactive planning; dynamic execution; monitoring plan execution; reactive execution agent; unpredictable environment ID AGENT-BASED APPROACH; DESIGN; SYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTS; ARCHITECTURE; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; MISSIONS; ROBOTICS AB We present a novel reactive execution model for planning control applications which repairs plan failures at runtime. Our proposal is a domain-independent regression planning model which provides good-quality responses in a timely fashion. The use of a regressed model allows us to work exclusively with the sufficient and necessary information to deal with the plan failure. The model performs a time-bounded process that continuously operate on the plan to recover from incoming failures. This process guarantees there always exists a plan repair for a plan failure at anytime. The model is tested on a simulation of a real-world planetary space mission and on a well-known vehicle routing problem. C1 [Guzman, Cesar; Castejon, Pablo; Onaindia, Eva] Univ Politecn Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Frank, Jeremy] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Onaindia, E (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Sistemas Informat & Computac, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. EM onaindia@dsic.upv.es RI Onaindia, Eva/L-9594-2014; OI Onaindia, Eva/0000-0001-6931-8293; GUZMAN ALVAREZ, CESAR AUGUSTO/0000-0002-0552-0967 FU Spanish MICINN [TIN2014-55637-C2-2-R]; Valencian project [PROMETEOII/2013/019] FX This work has been partly supported by the Spanish MICINN under the projects TIN2014-55637-C2-2-R, and the Valencian project PROMETEOII/2013/019. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1069-2509 EI 1875-8835 J9 INTEGR COMPUT-AID E JI Integr. Comput.-Aided Eng. PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.3233/ICA-150493 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CQ9JF UT WOS:000360929800003 ER PT B AU Singh, M Halbig, MC Zhu, SX AF Singh, Mrityunjay Halbig, Michael C. Zhu, Shirley X. BE Ohji, T Singh, M Mathur, S TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MATRIX MATERIALS FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF SILICON CARBIDE-BASED COMPOSITES SO ADVANCED PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR NANOSTRUCTURED AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) CY JAN 26-31, 2014 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div AB Silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites are enabling materials for a number of high-temperature and extreme environment applications. The development of additive manufacturing technologies for their fabrication and manufacturing are expected to increase their viability and speed up their implementation. However, in order to investigate additive manufacturing of these composites, a number of materials and process parameters have to be developed and optimized. In this study, polymer mixtures consisting of various types of SiC, Si, and C particulates along with other additives were used as fiber prepreg materials. The prepreg materials were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to observe characteristic decomposition patterns in air and nitrogen from room temperature up to 1000 degrees C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify phases in samples pyrolyzed at temperatures of 700, 1000, 1200, and 1450 degrees C. Effect of fillers, temperature, and pyrolysis conditions on the weight loss behavior and final reaction products have been studied. C1 [Singh, Mrityunjay] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Halbig, Michael C.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Zhu, Shirley X.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Singh, M (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-119-04035-4; 978-1-119-04026-2 PY 2015 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BD4EQ UT WOS:000360562600005 ER PT B AU Tsuda, H Mori, S Halbig, MC Singh, M Asthana, R AF Tsuda, H. Mori, S. Halbig, M. C. Singh, M. Asthana, R. BE Ohji, T Singh, M Mathur, S TI DIFFUSION BONDING AND INTERFACIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SINTERED FIBER BONDED SILICON CARBIDE CERAMICS USING BORON-MOLYBDENUM INTERLAYERS SO ADVANCED PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR NANOSTRUCTURED AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) CY JAN 26-31, 2014 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div AB In this study we bonded SA-Tyrannohex (TM) (SA-THX), a weave of SiC fibers bonded with carbon interfacial layers, by using diffusion bonding at 1500 degrees C for 4 h with a 25 mu m Mo-B interlayer. We prepared two types of SA-THX: one with the fiber weave oriented perpendicular to the joint interface, and one parallel. Because the Mo-B interlayer was made by rapid cooling and cold rolling, its grain structure became elongated. This bonding process produced good bonds for all samples, regardless of fiber orientation. Transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction revealed Mo5Si3C and Mo2C phases in both samples, sometimes beta-Mo2C which is stable at higher temperature and alpha-Mo2C stabilizing at lower temperature may coexist in the same grain. For the sample with perpendicular fibers, we also detected Ti5Si3 and an unknown phase. This diffusion bonding experiment did not produce molybdenum boride or molybdenum silicon boride phases and so on. Instead, selected area diffraction from the grain boundary of Mo5Si3C and Mo2C revealed a halo ring, suggesting the presence of an amorphous phase which may contain B; the presence of this phase may have been essential for forming the excellent bond in this system. C1 [Tsuda, H.; Mori, S.] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Osaka, Japan. [Halbig, M. C.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Singh, M.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. [Asthana, R.] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Menomonie, WI USA. RP Tsuda, H (reprint author), Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Osaka, Japan. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-119-04035-4; 978-1-119-04026-2 PY 2015 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BD4EQ UT WOS:000360562600008 ER PT J AU Kawakubo, Y Sakamoto, T Yoshida, A Kazanas, D AF Kawakubo, Yuta Sakamoto, Takanori Yoshida, Atsumasa Kazanas, Demos TI Systematic Spectral Lag Analysis of Swift Known-Z GRBs SO ADVANCES IN ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ALERT TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; PEAK LUMINOSITY; AFTERGLOWS; CATALOG; BAT AB The difference of photon arrival time, which is known as spectral lag, is well known characteristics of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In particular, long duration GRBs show a soft lag which means that high energy photons arrive earlier than soft photons. The lag-luminosity relation is the empirical relationship between the isotropic peak luminosity and the spectral lag. We calculated the spectral lags for 40 known redshift GRBs observed by Swift addition to the previous 31 GRB samples. We confirmed that most of our samples follow the lag-luminosity relation. However, we noticed that there are some GRBs which show a significant scatter from the relation. We also confirm that the relationship between the break time and the luminosity of the X-ray afterglow (so-called Dainotti relation) extends up to the lag-luminosity relation. C1 [Kawakubo, Yuta; Sakamoto, Takanori; Yoshida, Atsumasa] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys & Math, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. [Kazanas, Demos] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kawakubo, Y (reprint author), Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys & Math, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. EM ykawakubo@phys.aoyama.ac.jp FU Fermi Guest Investigator Program; Scientific Research KAKENHI [24103002] FX The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for comments and suggestions that materially improved the paper. This work was supported by the Fermi Guest Investigator Program and also partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research KAKENHI Grant no. 24103002. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-7969 EI 1687-7977 J9 ADV ASTRON JI Adv. Astron. PY 2015 AR 341018 DI 10.1155/2015/341018 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CQ6LU UT WOS:000360716700001 ER PT J AU Perez-Ramirez, D Veselovskii, I Whiteman, DN Suvorina, A Korenskiy, M Kolgotin, A Holben, B Dubovik, O Siniuk, A Alados-Arboledas, L AF Perez-Ramirez, D. Veselovskii, I. Whiteman, D. N. Suvorina, A. Korenskiy, M. Kolgotin, A. Holben, B. Dubovik, O. Siniuk, A. Alados-Arboledas, L. TI High temporal resolution estimates of columnar aerosol microphysical parameters from spectrum of aerosol optical depth by linear estimation: application to long-term AERONET and star-photometry measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MULTIWAVELENGTH RAMAN LIDAR; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SAHARAN DUST AEROSOLS; 2003 HEAT-WAVE; PARTICLE PARAMETERS; SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN; EXTINCTION MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS AB This work deals with the applicability of the linear estimation technique (LE) to invert spectral measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) provided by AERONET CIMEL sun photometers. The inversion of particle properties using only direct-sun AODs allows the evaluation of parameters such as effective radius (r(eff)) and columnar volume aerosol content (V) with significantly better temporal resolution than the operational AERONET algorithm which requires both direct sun and sky radiance measurements. Sensitivity studies performed demonstrate that the constraints on the range of the inversion are very important to minimize the uncertainties, and therefore estimates of r(eff) can be obtained with uncertainties less than 30% and of V with uncertainties below 40%. The LE technique is applied to data acquired at five AERONET sites influenced by different aerosol types and the retrievals are compared with the results of the operational AERONET code. Good agreement between the two techniques is obtained when the fine mode predominates, while for coarse mode cases the LE results systematically underestimate both reff and V. The highest differences are found for cases where no mode predominates. To minimize these biases, correction functions are developed using the multi-year database of observations at selected sites, where the AERONET retrieval is used as the reference. The derived corrections are tested using data from 18 other AERONET stations offering a range of aerosol types. After correction, the LE retrievals provide better agreement with AERONET for all the sites considered. Finally, the LE approach developed here is applied to AERONET and star-photometry measurements in the city of Granada (Spain) to obtain day-to-night time evolution of columnar aerosol microphysical properties. C1 [Perez-Ramirez, D.; Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perez-Ramirez, D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Perez-Ramirez, D.; Alados-Arboledas, L.] Univ Granada, Dept Appl Phys, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Veselovskii, I.; Suvorina, A.; Korenskiy, M.; Kolgotin, A.] Inst Gen Phys, Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. [Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Holben, B.; Siniuk, A.] NASA, Biospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Siniuk, A.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20771 USA. [Alados-Arboledas, L.] Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res IISTA, Granada 18006, Spain. RP Perez-Ramirez, D (reprint author), NASA, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM daniel.perezramirez@nasa.gov RI Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/P-5630-2014; Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/Q-1129-2016 OI Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167; Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/0000-0002-7679-6135 FU NASA Atmospheric Composition Program; NASA Aerosols, Clouds, Ecosystems mission; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology [CGL2010-18782, CSD2007-00067]; Andalusian Regional Government [P10-RNM-6299, P08-RNM-3568]; EU through ACTRIS project [EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254]; Postdoctoral Program of the University of Granada FX This work was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Program and by the NASA Aerosols, Clouds, Ecosystems mission. Support has also been provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through projects CGL2010-18782 and CSD2007-00067, by the Andalusian Regional Government through projects P10-RNM-6299 and P08-RNM-3568, by the EU through ACTRIS project (EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254), and by the Postdoctoral Program of the University of Granada. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory and Naval Research Laboratory for the HYSPLIT model. We also thank the AERONET network and especially the principal investigators of the various stations used for their efforts in establishing and maintaining the AERONET sites. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3117 EP 3133 DI 10.5194/amt-8-3117-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ5MU UT WOS:000360649700005 ER PT J AU Corbett, J Su, W AF Corbett, J. Su, W. TI Accounting for the effects of sastrugi in the CERES clear-sky Antarctic shortwave angular distribution models SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; SNOW-ALBEDO; REFLECTANCE; SURFACE; CLOUDS; INSTRUMENTS; METHODOLOGY; TERRA; MISR AB The Cloud and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments on NASA's Terra, Aqua and Soumi NPP satellites are used to provide a long-term measurement of Earth's energy budget. To accomplish this, the radiances measured by the instruments must be inverted to fluxes by the use of a scene-type-dependent angular distribution model (ADM). For permanent snow scenes over Antarctica, shortwave (SW) ADMs are created by compositing radiance measurements over the full viewing zenith and azimuth range. However, the presence of small-scale wind blown roughness features called sastrugi cause the BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) of the snow to vary significantly based upon the solar azimuth angle and location. This can result in monthly regional biases between 12 and 7.5Wm(-2) in the inverted TOA (top-of-atmosphere) SW flux. The bias is assessed by comparing the CERES shortwave fluxes derived from nadir observations with those from all viewing zenith angles, as the sastrugi affect fluxes inverted from the oblique viewing angles more than for the nadir viewing angles. In this paper we further describe the clear-sky Antarctic ADMs from Su et al. (2015). These ADMs account for the sastrugi effect by using measurements from the Multi-Angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) instrument to derive statistical relationships between radiance from different viewing angles. We show here that these ADMs reduce the bias and artifacts in the CERES SW flux caused by sastrugi, both locally and Antarctic-wide. The regional monthly biases from sastrugi are reduced to between 5 and 7Wm(-2), and the monthly-mean biases over Antarctica are reduced by up to 0.64Wm(-2), a decrease of 74 %. These im-proved ADMs are used as part of the Edition 4 CERES SSF (Single Scanner Footprint) data. C1 [Corbett, J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Su, W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Corbett, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM joseph.g.corbett@nasa.gov FU NASA FX The authors would like to acknowledge Zach Eitzen and Lusheng Liang for their helpful comments and discussions about this study and manuscript. The CERES and MISR data were obtained from the NASA Langley Atmospheric Science Data Center, and the MERRA data were obtained from the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) and the GES DISC at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3163 EP 3175 DI 10.5194/amt-8-3163-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ5MU UT WOS:000360649700008 ER PT J AU Su, W Corbett, J Eitzen, Z Liang, L AF Su, W. Corbett, J. Eitzen, Z. Liang, L. TI Next-generation angular distribution models for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux calculation from CERES instruments: validation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; TERRA SATELLITE; PART II; CLOUDS; METHODOLOGY AB Radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument are fundamental variables for understanding the Earth's energy balance and how it changes with time. TOA radiative fluxes are derived from the CERES radiance measurements using empirical angular distribution models (ADMs). This paper evaluates the accuracy of CERES TOA fluxes using direct integration and flux consistency tests. Direct integration tests show that the overall bias in regional monthly mean TOA shortwave (SW) flux is less than 0.2 Wm(-2) and the RMSE is less than 1.1 Wm(-2). The bias and RMSE are very similar between Terra and Aqua. The bias in regional monthly mean TOA LW fluxes is less than 0.5 Wm(-2) and the RMSE is less than 0.8 Wm(-2) for both Terra and Aqua. The accuracy of the TOA instantaneous flux is assessed by performing tests using fluxes inverted from nadir-and oblique-viewing angles using CERES along-track observations and temporally and spatially matched MODIS observations, and using fluxes inverted from multi-angle MISR observations. The averaged TOA instantaneous SW flux uncertainties from these two tests are about 2.3% (1.9 Wm(-2)) over clear ocean, 1.6% (4.5 Wm(-2)) over clear land, and 2.0% (6.0 Wm(-2)) over clear snow/ice; and are about 3.3% (9.0 Wm(-2)), 2.7% (8.4 Wm(-2)), and 3.7% (9.9 Wm(-2)) over ocean, land, and snow/ice under all-sky conditions. The TOA SW flux uncertainties are generally larger for thin broken clouds than for moderate and thick overcast clouds. The TOA instantaneous daytime LW flux uncertainties derived from the CERES-MODIS test are 0.5% (1.5 Wm(-2)), 0.8% (2.4 Wm(-2)), and 0.7% (1.3 Wm(-2)) over clear ocean, land, and snow/ice; and are about 1.5% (3.5 Wm(-2)), 1.0% (2.9 Wm(-2)), and 1.1% (2.1 Wm(-2)) over ocean, land, and snow/ice under all-sky conditions. The TOA instantaneous nighttime LW flux uncertainties are about 0.5-1% (< 2.0 Wm(-2)) for all surface types. Flux uncertainties caused by errors in scene identification are also assessed by using the collocated CALIPSO, CloudSat, CERES and MODIS data product. Errors in scene identification tend to underestimate TOA SW flux by about 0.6 Wm(-2) and overestimate TOA daytime (nighttime) LW flux by 0.4 (0.2) Wm(-2) when all CERES viewing angles are considered. C1 [Su, W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Corbett, J.; Eitzen, Z.; Liang, L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Su, W (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS420, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM wenying.su-1@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3297 EP 3313 DI 10.5194/amt-8-3297-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ5MU UT WOS:000360649700017 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Harder, H Joiner, J Laj, P Richter, A AF Wagner, T. Harder, H. Joiner, J. Laj, P. Richter, A. TI "A novel Whole Air Sample Profiler (WASP) for the quantification of volatile organic compounds in the boundary layer" published in Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2703-2712, 2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wagner, T.; Harder, H.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Joiner, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Laj, P.] Grenoble Univ, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Richter, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Hahn Meitner Weg 1, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM thomas.wagner@mpic.de RI Harder, Hartwig/L-2511-2014 OI Harder, Hartwig/0000-0002-6868-714X NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3405 EP 3406 DI 10.5194/amt-8-3405-2015 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ5MU UT WOS:000360649700024 ER PT J AU Worden, JR Turner, AJ Bloom, A Kulawik, SS Liu, J Lee, M Weidner, R Bowman, K Frankenberg, C Parker, R Payne, VH AF Worden, J. R. Turner, A. J. Bloom, A. Kulawik, S. S. Liu, J. Lee, M. Weidner, R. Bowman, K. Frankenberg, C. Parker, R. Payne, V. H. TI Quantifying lower tropospheric methane concentrations using GOSAT near-IR and TES thermal IR measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID COLUMN CARBON-DIOXIDE; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; AURA TES; RETRIEVALS; CH4; VALIDATION; RESOLUTION; MAGNITUDE; TRANSPORT AB Evaluating surface fluxes of CH4 using total column data requires models to accurately account for the transport and chemistry of methane in the free troposphere and stratosphere, thus reducing sensitivity to the underlying fluxes. Vertical profiles of methane have increased sensitivity to surface fluxes because lower tropospheric methane is more sensitive to surface fluxes than a total column, and quantifying free-tropospheric CH4 concentrations helps to evaluate the impact of transport and chemistry uncertainties on estimated surface fluxes. Here we demonstrate the potential for estimating lower tropospheric CH4 concentrations through the combination of free-tropospheric methane measurements from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and XCH4 (dry-mole air fraction of methane) from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite - Thermal And Near-infrared for carbon Observation (GOSAT TANSO, herein GOSAT for brevity). The calculated precision of these estimates ranges from 10 to 30 ppb for a monthly average on a 4 degrees x 5 degrees latitude/longitude grid making these data suitable for evaluating lower-tropospheric methane concentrations. Smoothing error is approximately 10 ppb or less. Comparisons between these data and the GEOS-Chem model demonstrate that these lower-tropospheric CH4 estimates can resolve enhanced concentrations over flux regions that are challenging to resolve with total column measurements. We also use the GEOS-Chem model and surface measurements in background regions across a range of latitudes to determine that these lower-tropospheric estimates are biased low by approximately 65 ppb, with an accuracy of approximately 6 ppb (after removal of the bias) and an actual precision of approximately 30 ppb. This 6 ppb accuracy is consistent with the accuracy of TES and GOSAT methane retrievals. C1 [Worden, J. R.; Bloom, A.; Liu, J.; Lee, M.; Weidner, R.; Bowman, K.; Frankenberg, C.; Payne, V. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Earth Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Turner, A. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kulawik, S. S.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Parker, R.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Worden, JR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Earth Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM john.worden@jpl.nasa.gov RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF); NASA [13-CARBON13_2-0071]; NASA Carbon Monitoring System; UK National Centre for Earth Observation; ESA GHG-CCI project FX Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A. J. Turner was supported by a Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF). This research was funded by NASA ROSES CSS proposal 13-CARBON13_2-0071 and the NASA Carbon Monitoring System. The GOSAT XCH4 data were generated with funding from the UK National Centre for Earth Observation and the ESA GHG-CCI project with the GOSAT L1B data kindly provided by JAXA/NIES/MOE. Methane surface data were downloaded from the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases. We are very grateful to all the institutions and individuals who provide these surface data for researchers to use as these efforts are critical for carbon cycle science research; the following is hopefully an inclusive list institutions and individuals, based on email response, who provide data that we use in this research: (1) NOAA, Boulder CO/Ed Dlugokencky, Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, (2) ENEA, Palermo, Italy/Salvatore Piacentino, the CSIRO Flask Network/Paul Krummel, (3) Atmospheric Environment Division, Global Environment and Marine Department Japan Meteorological Agency/Atsushi Takizawa, and (4) Canadian Greenhouse Gas Measurement Program, Environment Canada/Doug Worthy. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3433 EP 3445 DI 10.5194/amt-8-3433-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ5MU UT WOS:000360649700027 ER PT J AU Leinonen, J Lebsock, MD Tanelli, S Suzuki, K Yashiro, H Miyamoto, Y AF Leinonen, J. Lebsock, M. D. Tanelli, S. Suzuki, K. Yashiro, H. Miyamoto, Y. TI Performance assessment of a triple-frequency spaceborne cloud-precipitation radar concept using a global cloud-resolving model SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; PROFILING RADAR; IN-ORBIT; PART II; ICE; DISTRIBUTIONS; CAPABILITIES; LIMITATIONS; SNOWFLAKES; SIGNATURES AB Multi-frequency radars offer enhanced detection of clouds and precipitation compared to single-frequency systems, and are able to make more accurate retrievals when several frequencies are available simultaneously. An evaluation of a spaceborne three-frequency Ku-/Ka-/W-band radar system is presented in this study, based on modeling radar reflectivities from the results of a global cloud-resolving model with a 875m grid spacing. To produce the reflectivities, a scattering model has been developed for each of the hydrometeor types produced by the model, as well as for melting snow. The effects of attenuation and multiple scattering on the radar signal are modeled using a radiative transfer model, while nonuniform beam filling is reproduced with spatial averaging. The combined effects of these are then quantified both globally and in six localized case studies. Two different orbital scenarios using the same radar are compared. Overall, based on the results, it is expected that the proposed radar would detect a high-quality signal in most clouds and precipitation. The main exceptions are the thinnest clouds that are below the detection threshold of the W-band channel, and at the opposite end of the scale, heavy convective rainfall where a combination of attenuation, multiple scattering and nonuniform beam filling commonly cause significant deterioration of the signal; thus, while the latter can be generally detected, the quality of the retrievals is likely to be degraded. C1 [Leinonen, J.; Lebsock, M. D.; Tanelli, S.; Suzuki, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Yashiro, H.; Miyamoto, Y.] RIKEN Adv Inst Computat Sci, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Suzuki, K.] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. RP Leinonen, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jussi.s.leinonen@jpl.nasa.gov RI Suzuki, Kentaroh/C-3624-2011; YASHIRO, HISASHI/C-4617-2016; Miyamoto, Yoshiaki/C-5317-2016; OI YASHIRO, HISASHI/0000-0002-2678-526X; Miyamoto, Yoshiaki/0000-0003-1972-8619; Leinonen, Jussi/0000-0002-6560-6316 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments. This research was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aerosol-Clouds-Ecosystem project. The research of J. Leinonen, M. D. Lebsock, S. Tanelli and K. Suzuki described in this publication was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3493 EP 3517 DI 10.5194/amt-8-3493-2015 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ5MU UT WOS:000360649700031 ER PT J AU Koenig, LS Lampkin, DJ Montgomery, LN Hamilton, SL Turrin, JB Joseph, CA Moutsafa, SE Panzer, B Casey, KA Paden, JD Leuschen, C Gogineni, P AF Koenig, L. S. Lampkin, D. J. Montgomery, L. N. Hamilton, S. L. Turrin, J. B. Joseph, C. A. Moutsafa, S. E. Panzer, B. Casey, K. A. Paden, J. D. Leuschen, C. Gogineni, P. TI Wintertime storage of water in buried supraglacial lakes across the Greenland Ice Sheet SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MELTWATER STORAGE; LIQUID WATER; MASS-BALANCE; MELT; SATELLITE; FIRN; MICROWAVE; RADAR; VALIDATION AB Increased surface melt over the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is now estimated to account for half or more of the ice sheet's total mass loss. Here, we show that some meltwater is stored, over winter, in buried supraglacial lakes. We use airborne radar from Operation IceBridge between 2009 and 2012 to detect buried supraglacial lakes, and we find that they were distributed extensively around the GrIS margin through that period. Buried supraglacial lakes can persist through multiple winters and are, on average, similar to 1.9 + 0.2 m below the surface. Most buried supraglacial lakes exist with no surface expression of their occurrence in visible imagery. The few buried supraglacial lakes that do exhibit surface expression have a unique visible signature associated with a darker blue color where subsurface water is located. The volume of retained water in the buried supraglacial lakes is likely insignificant compared to the total mass loss from the GrIS, but the water may have important implications locally for the development of the englacial hydrologic system and ice temperatures. Buried supraglacial lakes represent a small but year-round source of meltwater in the GrIS hydrologic system. C1 [Koenig, L. S.; Casey, K. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lampkin, D. J.; Montgomery, L. N.; Joseph, C. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hamilton, S. L.] Bowdoin Coll, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Turrin, J. B.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Moutsafa, S. E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Panzer, B.; Paden, J. D.; Leuschen, C.; Gogineni, P.] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Casey, K. A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Koenig, LS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lora.koenig@colorado.edu RI Casey, Kimberly/A-4478-2013 OI Casey, Kimberly/0000-0002-6115-7525 FU NASA; NASA [NNX12AN98H] FX The authors thank L. Brucker and T. Neumann for their insightful discussions. This work was supported by NASA's New Investigator and Cryospheric Sciences Programs. Data collection and instrument development were made possible by The University of Kansas' Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS), supported by the National Science Foundation and Operation IceBridge. S. E. Moutsafa supported by NASA's Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program grant NNX12AN98H. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1333 EP 1342 DI 10.5194/tc-9-1333-2015 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CQ5QY UT WOS:000360661700001 ER PT J AU Posey, PG Metzger, EJ Wallcraft, AJ Hebert, DA Allard, RA Smedstad, OM Phelps, MW Fetterer, F Stewart, JS Meier, WN Helfrich, SR AF Posey, P. G. Metzger, E. J. Wallcraft, A. J. Hebert, D. A. Allard, R. A. Smedstad, O. M. Phelps, M. W. Fetterer, F. Stewart, J. S. Meier, W. N. Helfrich, S. R. TI Improving Arctic sea ice edge forecasts by assimilating high horizontal resolution sea ice concentration data into the US Navy's ice forecast systems SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article AB This study presents the improvement in ice edge error within the US Navy's operational sea ice forecast systems gained by assimilating high horizontal resolution satellite-derived ice concentration products. Since the late 1980's, the ice forecast systems have assimilated near real-time sea ice concentration derived from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSMI and then SSMIS). The resolution of the satellite-derived product was approximately the same as the previous operational ice forecast system (25 km). As the sea ice forecast model resolution increased over time, the need for higher horizontal resolution observational data grew. In 2013, a new Navy sea ice forecast system (Arctic Cap Nowcast/Forecast System ACNFS) went into operations with a horizontal resolution of similar to 3.5 km at the North Pole. A method of blending ice concentration observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR2) along with a sea ice mask produced by the National Ice Center (NIC) has been developed, resulting in an ice concentration product with very high spatial resolution. In this study, ACNFS was initialized with this newly developed high resolution blended ice concentration product. The daily ice edge locations from model hindcast simulations were compared against independent observed ice edge locations. ACNFS initialized using the high resolution blended ice concentration data product decreased predicted ice edge location error compared to the operational system that only assimilated SSMIS data. A second evaluation assimilating the new blended sea ice concentration product into the pre-operational Navy Global Ocean Forecast System 3.1 also showed a substantial improvement in ice edge location over a system using the SSMIS sea ice concentration product alone. This paper describes the technique used to create the blended sea ice concentration product and the significant improvements in ice edge forecasting in both of the Navy's sea ice forecasting systems. C1 [Posey, P. G.; Metzger, E. J.; Wallcraft, A. J.; Hebert, D. A.; Allard, R. A.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Smedstad, O. M.] Vencore Serv & Solut Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Phelps, M. W.] Jacobs Technol Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Fetterer, F.] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Stewart, J. S.] J Scott Stewart Exploratory Thinking, Longmont, CO USA. [Meier, W. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Helfrich, S. R.] US Natl Ice Ctr, Suitland, MD USA. RP Posey, PG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pamela.posey@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722; Meier, Walter/0000-0003-2857-0550 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1735 EP 1745 DI 10.5194/tc-9-1735-2015 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CQ5QY UT WOS:000360661700027 ER PT B AU Gyekenyesi, A Halbig, M AF Gyekenyesi, Andrew Halbig, Michael BE Kriven, WM Zhu, D IlMoon, K Hwang, T Wang, J Lewinsohn, C Zhou, Y TI Developments in Strategic Materials and Computational Design V A Collection of Papers Presented at the 38th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites January 27-31, 2014 Daytona Beach, Florida SO DEVELOPMENTS IN STRATEGIC MATERIALS AND COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) CY JAN 26-31, 2014 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div C1 [Gyekenyesi, Andrew] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Halbig, Michael] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Gyekenyesi, A (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-119-04029-3; 978-1-119-04028-6 PY 2015 BP XI EP XIII PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BD4ER UT WOS:000360563300001 ER PT J AU Scoville, J Heraud, J Freund, F AF Scoville, J. Heraud, J. Freund, F. TI Pre-earthquake magnetic pulses SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; IGNEOUS ROCKS; ANOMALIES; HOLES AB A semiconductor model of rocks is shown to describe unipolar magnetic pulses, a phenomenon that has been observed prior to earthquakes. These pulses are suspected to be generated deep in the Earth's crust, in and around the hypocentral volume, days or even weeks before earthquakes. Their extremely long wavelength allows them to pass through kilometers of rock. Interestingly, when the sources of these pulses are triangulated, the locations coincide with the epicenters of future earthquakes. We couple a drift-diffusion semiconductor model to a magnetic field in order to describe the electromagnetic effects associated with electrical currents flowing within rocks. The resulting system of equations is solved numerically and it is seen that a volume of rock may act as a diode that produces transient currents when it switches bias. These unidirectional currents are expected to produce transient unipolar magnetic pulses similar in form, amplitude, and duration to those observed before earthquakes, and this suggests that the pulses could be the result of geophysical semiconductor processes. C1 [Scoville, J.; Freund, F.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Scoville, J.; Freund, F.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Scoville, J.; Freund, F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Heraud, J.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Peru, Lima, Peru. RP Scoville, J (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM atpsynthase@mail.com FU NASA [NNX12AL71G] FX The authors would like to thank Tom Bleier and Clark Dunson of QuakeFinder for many informative discussions. The authors would also like to thank Jiro Funamoto and Kim Johnson for their comments on the manuscript. This research was funded in part by NASA Earth Surface and Interior Grant NNX12AL71G (John LaBrecque). NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1873 EP 1880 DI 10.5194/nhess-15-1873-2015 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CQ5OJ UT WOS:000360654600013 ER PT B AU Jenkins, MG Salem, JA AF Jenkins, Michael G. Salem, Jonathan A. BE Lin, HT Katoh, Y Matyas, J TI HOOP TENSILE STRENGTH OF CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE TUBES FOR LWRS APPLICATIONS USING ELASTOMERIC INSERTS: DRAFT ASTM TEST METHOD SO CERAMIC MATERIALS FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) CY JAN 26-31, 2014 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div DE hoop tensile strength; tubes; elastomeric insert; ceramic matrix composite; silicon carbide composite; nuclear fission AB The US DOE is evaluating the replacement of conventional zirconium-alloy fuel rod tubes in light water reactors (LWR) with those consisting of SiC/SiC CMCs to enhance fuel performance and accident tolerance. SiC/SiC CMCs show tolerance to the irradiation and chemical environments of LWRs. Failure modes in LWR fuel cladding include loss of gas tightness and mechanical integrity due to the build-up of internal gas pressure and the swelling of fuel pellets. Therefore, determination of the hoop tensile strength is critically important for evaluation of SiC/SiC CMC fuel claddings. A draft ASTM test method has been developed and submitted for full consensus balloting that uses axial compression of elastomeric inserts to introduce hoop stresses in composite tubular test specimens from the resulting internal pressures. This test method is based on sound, theoretical analysis of the stresses developed in tubes subjected to internal pressure over a finite length inside a semi-infinitely long tube. The draft ASTM test method contains test specimen dimensions, testing geometries, test conditions and results interpretation based on this theory and subsequent empirical tests applied to various materials and geometries. This test method (a.k.a., overhung tube method) is for material development, material comparison, material screening, material down selecting and quality assurance. C1 [Jenkins, Michael G.] Bothell Engn & Sci Technol, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Salem, Jonathan A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Jenkins, MG (reprint author), Bothell Engn & Sci Technol, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. EM jenkinsmg@bothellest.com; jonathan.a.salem@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-119-04032-3; 978-1-119-04027-9 PY 2015 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BD4ES UT WOS:000360564400011 ER PT S AU Marley, MS Robinson, TD AF Marley, M. S. Robinson, T. D. BE Faber, SM VanDishoeck, E TI On the Cool Side: Modeling the Atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, VOL 53 SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE extrasolar planets; radiative transfer; convection; chemistry; clouds; opacity ID LOW-MASS STARS; TURBULENT COMPRESSIBLE CONVECTION; ACCELERATED LAMBDA-ITERATION; DISCRETE-ORDINATE-METHOD; DUST CLOUD FORMATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; GLIESE 229B; CARBON-MONOXIDE; T-DWARFS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING AB The atmosphere of a brown dwarf or extrasolar giant planet controls the spectrum of radiation emitted by the object and regulates its cooling over time. Although the study of these atmospheres has been informed by decades of experience modeling stellar and planetary atmospheres, the distinctive characteristics of these objects present unique challenges to forward modeling. In particular, complex chemistry arising from molecule-rich atmospheres, molecular opacity line lists (sometimes running to 10 billion absorption lines or more), multiple cloud-forming condensates, and disequilibrium chemical processes all combine to create a challenging task for any modeling effort. This review describes the process of incorporating these complexities into one-dimensional radiative-convective equilibrium models of substellar objects. We discuss the underlying mathematics as well as the techniques used to model the physics, chemistry, radiative transfer, and other processes relevant to understanding these atmospheres. The review focuses on methods for creating atmosphere models and briefly presents some comparisons of model predictions to data. Current challenges in the field and some comments on the future conclude the review. C1 [Marley, M. S.; Robinson, T. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Marley, MS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Mark.S.Marley@nasa.gov; Tyler.D.Robinson@nasa.gov OI Marley, Mark/0000-0002-5251-2943 NR 218 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4146 BN 978-0-8243-0953-4 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2015 VL 53 BP 279 EP 323 DI 10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122522 PG 45 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BD3LH UT WOS:000359857000008 ER PT S AU Andersson, BG Lazarian, A Vaillancourt, JE AF Andersson, B-G Lazarian, A. Vaillancourt, John E. BE Faber, SM VanDishoeck, E TI Interstellar Dust Grain Alignment SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, VOL 53 SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE ISM: extinction; ISM: magnetic fields; polarization ID TAURUS DARK CLOUD; FAR-INFRARED POLARIMETRY; MAGNETIC-FIELD STRUCTURE; SUBMILLIMETER POLARIZATION SPECTRUM; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SUPRATHERMALLY ROTATING GRAINS; CROSS-SECTION ALIGNMENT; 350 MU-M; RADIATIVE TORQUES; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE AB Interstellar polarization at optical-to-infrared wavelengths is known to arise from asymmetric dust grains aligned with the magnetic field. This effect provides a potentially powerful probe of magnetic field structure and strength if the details of the grain alignment can be reliably understood. Theory and observations have recently converged on a quantitative, predictive description of interstellar grain alignment based on radiative processes. The development of a general, analytical model for this radiative alignment torque (RAT) theory has allowed specific, testable predictions for realistic interstellar conditions. We outline the theoretical and observational arguments in favor of RAT alignment, as well as reasons the "classical" paramagnetic alignment mechanism is unlikely to work, except possibly for the very smallest grains. With further detailed characterization of the RAT mechanism, grain alignment and polarimetry promise to not only better constrain the interstellar magnetic field but also provide new information on the dust characteristics. C1 [Andersson, B-G; Vaillancourt, John E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lazarian, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Andersson, BG (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM bg@sofia.usra.edu; alazarian@facstaff.wisc.edu; jvaillancourt@sofia.usra.edu OI Andersson, B-G/0000-0001-6717-0686 NR 204 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4146 BN 978-0-8243-0953-4 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2015 VL 53 BP 501 EP 539 DI 10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122414 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BD3LH UT WOS:000359857000013 ER EF