FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Forster, K Madsen, KK Miyasaka, H Craig, WW Harrison, FA Rana, VR Markwardt, CB Grefenstette, BW AF Forster, Karl Madsen, Kristin K. Miyasaka, Hiromasa Craig, William W. Harrison, Fiona A. Rana, Vikram R. Markwardt, Craig B. Grefenstette, Brian W. BE Peck, AB Seaman, RL Benn, CR TI Getting NuSTAR on target: predicting mast motion SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems VI CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE NuSTAR; NASA small explorer; X-ray optics; extendable mast; Science Operations; Metrology; mast thermal flexing AB The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) is the first focusing high energy (3-79 keV) X-ray observatory operating for four years from low Earth orbit. The X-ray detector arrays are located on the spacecraft bus with the optics modules mounted on a flexible mast of 10.14m length. The motion of the telescope optical axis on the detectors during each observation is measured by a laser metrology system and matches the pre-launch predictions of the theiinal flexing of the mast as the spacecraft enters and exits the Earths shadow each orbit. However, an additional motion of the telescope field of view was discovered during observatory commissioning that is associated with the spacecraft attitude control system and an additional flexing of the mast correlated with the Solar aspect angle for the observation. We present the methodology developed to predict where any particular target coordinate will fall on the NuSTAR detectors based on the Solar aspect angle at the scheduled time of an observation. This may be applicable to future observatories that employ optics deployed on extendable masts. The automation of the prediction system has greatly improved observatory operations efficiency and the reliability of observation planning. C1 [Forster, Karl; Madsen, Kristin K.; Miyasaka, Hiromasa; Harrison, Fiona A.; Rana, Vikram R.; Grefenstette, Brian W.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Craig, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Markwardt, Craig B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Forster, K (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM krl@srl.caltech.edu; kristin@srl.caltech.edu OI Madsen, Kristin/0000-0003-1252-4891 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0199-4; 978-1-5106-0200-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9910 AR 99100Z DI 10.1117/12.2231239 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PO UT WOS:000385793600032 ER PT S AU McGlynn, T Fabbiano, G Accomazzi, A Smale, A White, RL Donaldson, T Aloisi, A Dower, T Mazzerella, JM Ebert, R Pevunova, O Imel, D Berriman, GB Teplitz, HI Groom, SL Desai, VR Landry, W AF McGlynn, Thomas Fabbiano, Guiseppina Accomazzi, Alberto Smale, Alan White, Richard L. Donaldson, Thomas Aloisi, Alessandra Dower, Theresa Mazzerella, Joseph M. Ebert, Rick Pevunova, Olga Imel, David Berriman, Graham B. Teplitz, Harry I. Groom, Steve L. Desai, Vandana R. Landry, Walter BE Peck, AB Seaman, RL Benn, CR TI Providing comprehensive and consistent access to astronomical observatory archive data: the NASA archive model SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems VI CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Virtual observatory; data archives; standards; IVOA; NASA AB Since the turn of the millennium a constant concern of astronomical archives have begun providing data to the public through standardized protocols unifying data from disparate physical sources and wavebands across the electromagnetic spectrum into an astronomical virtual observatory (VO). In October 2014, NASA began support for the NASA Astronomical Virtual Observatories (NAVO) program to coordinate the efforts of NASA astronomy archives in providing data to users through implementation of protocols agreed within the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). A major goal of the NAVO collaboration has been to step back from a piecemeal implementation of IVOA standards and define what the appropriate presence for the US and NASA astronomy archives in the VO should be. This includes evaluating what optional capabilities in the standards need to be supported, the specific versions of standards that should be used, and returning feedback to the IVOA, to support modifications as needed. We discuss a standard archive model developed by the NAVO for data archive presence in the virtual observatory built upon a consistent framework of standards defined by the IVOA. Our standard model provides for discovery of resources through the VO registries, access to observation and object data, downloads of image and spectral data and general access to archival datasets. It defines specific protocol versions, minimum capabilities, and all dependencies. The model will evolve as the capabilities of the virtual observatory and needs of the community change. C1 [McGlynn, Thomas; Smale, Alan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fabbiano, Guiseppina; Accomazzi, Alberto] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. [White, Richard L.; Donaldson, Thomas; Aloisi, Alessandra; Dower, Theresa] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Mazzerella, Joseph M.; Ebert, Rick; Pevunova, Olga; Imel, David; Berriman, Graham B.; Teplitz, Harry I.; Groom, Steve L.; Desai, Vandana R.; Landry, Walter] Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mazzerella, Joseph M.; Ebert, Rick; Pevunova, Olga; Imel, David; Berriman, Graham B.; Teplitz, Harry I.; Groom, Steve L.; Desai, Vandana R.; Landry, Walter] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP McGlynn, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Accomazzi, Alberto/0000-0002-4110-3511 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0199-4; 978-1-5106-0200-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9910 AR 99100A DI 10.1117/12.2231438 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PO UT WOS:000385793600009 ER PT S AU Storrie-Lombardi, LJ Dodd, SR Silbermann, NA Rebull, LM Laine, S Crane, M Stauffer, J Armus, L AF Storrie-Lombardi, Lisa J. Dodd, Suzanne R. Silbermann, Nancy A. Rebull, L. M. Laine, Seppo Crane, Megan Stauffer, John Armus, Lee BE Peck, AB Seaman, RL Benn, CR TI Ongoing evolution of proposal reviews in the Spitzer warm mission SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems VI CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Spitzer Space Telescope; proposal peer review; time allocation committee AB The Spitzer Space Telescope is executing the seventh year of extended warm mission science. The cryogenic mission operated from 2003 to 2009. The observing proposal review process has evolved from large, week-long, in-person meetings during the cryogenic mission to the introduction of panel telecon reviews in the warm mission. Further compression of the schedule and budget for the proposal solicitation and selection process led to additional changes in 2014. Large proposals are still reviewed at an in-person meeting but smaller proposals are no longer discussed by a topical science panel. This hybrid process, involving an in-person committee for the larger proposals and strictly external reviewers for the smaller proposals, has been successfully implemented through two observing cycles. While people like the idea of not having to travel to a review it is still the consensus opinion, in our discussions with the community, that the in-person review panel discussions provide the most satisfying result. We continue to use in-person reviews for awarding greater than 90% of the observing time. C1 [Storrie-Lombardi, Lisa J.; Silbermann, Nancy A.; Rebull, L. M.; Laine, Seppo; Crane, Megan; Stauffer, John; Armus, Lee] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, MC 314-6,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dodd, Suzanne R.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Storrie-Lombardi, LJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, MC 314-6,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM lisa@ipac.caltech.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0199-4; 978-1-5106-0200-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9910 AR 991012 DI 10.1117/12.2231788 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PO UT WOS:000385793600034 ER PT S AU Tran, HD Cohen, R Colson, A Mader, JA Swain, M Laity, AC Kong, M Gelino, CR Berriman, GB AF Tran, H. D. Cohen, R. Colson, A. Mader, J. A. Swain, M. Laity, A. C. Kong, M. Gelino, C. R. Berriman, G. B. BE Peck, AB Seaman, RL Benn, CR TI Data reduction pipelines for the Keck Observatory Archive SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems VI CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Data archive; data reduction pipelines; DRP; KOA; W. M. Keck Observatory; NExScI AB The Keck Observatory Archive (KOA) currently serves similar to 42 TB of data spanning over 20 years from all ten past and current facility instruments at Keck. Although most of the available data are in the raw form, for four instruments (HIRES, NIRC2, OSIRIS, LWS), quick-look, browse products generated by automated pipelines are also offered to facilitate assessment of the scientific content and quality of the data. KOA underwrote the update of the MAKEE package to support reduction of the CCD upgrade to HIRES, developed scripts for reduction of NIRC2 data and automated the existing OSIRIS and LWS data reduction packages. We describe in some detail the recently completed automated pipeline for NIRSPEC, which will be used to create browse products in KOA and made available for quicklook of the data by the observers at the telescope. We review the currently available data reduction tools for Keck data, and present our plans and anticipated priorities for the development of automated pipelines and release of reduced data products for the rest of the current and future instruments. We also anticipate that Keck's newest instrument, NIRES, which will be delivered with a fully automated pipeline, will be the first to have both raw and level-1 data ingested at commissioning. C1 [Tran, H. D.; Cohen, R.; Colson, A.; Mader, J. A.] WM Keck Observ, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Swain, M.; Laity, A. C.; Kong, M.; Gelino, C. R.; Berriman, G. B.] NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Mail Code 100-22,770 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Tran, HD (reprint author), WM Keck Observ, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. EM htran@keck.hawaii.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0199-4; 978-1-5106-0200-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9910 AR 99102E DI 10.1117/12.2230963 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PO UT WOS:000385793600078 ER PT S AU Watson, AM Lee, WH Troja, E Roman-Zuniga, CG Butler, NR Kutyrev, AS Gehrels, NA Angeles, F Basa, S Blanc, PE Boer, M de Diego, JA Farah, AS Figueroa, L Chew, YGM Klotz, A Quiros, F Reyes-Ruiz, M Ruiz-Diaz-Soto, J Thierry, P Tinoco, S AF Watson, Alan M. Lee, William H. Troja, Eleonora Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G. Butler, Nathaniel R. Kutyrev, Alexander S. Gehrels, Neil A. Angeles, Fernando Basa, Stephane Blanc, Pierre-Eric Boer, Michel de Diego, Jose A. Farah, Alejandro S. Figueroa, Liliana Maqueo Chew, Yilen Gomez Klotz, Alain Quiros, Fernando Reyes-Ruiz, Maurico Ruiz-Diaz-Soto, Jaime Thierry, Pierre Tinoco, Silvio BE Peck, AB Seaman, RL Benn, CR TI DDOTI: the deca-degree optical transient imager SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems VI CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE wide-field imagers; robotic telescopes; optical transients; gamma-ray bursts; gravitational-wave transients; synoptic observations AB DDOTI will be a wide-field robotic imager consisting of six 28-cm telescopes with prime focus CCDs mounted on a common equatorial mount. Each telescope will have a field of view of 12 deg(2), will have 2 arcsec pixels, and will reach a 10 sigma limiting magnitude in 60 seconds of r approximate to 18.7 in dark time and r approximate to 18.0 in bright time. The set of six will provide an instantaneous field of view of about 72 deg2. DDOTI uses commercial components almost entirely. The first DDOTI will be installed at the Observatorio Astronomic Nacional in Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico in early 2017. The main science goals of DDOTI are the localization of the optical transients associated with GRBs detected by the GBM instrument on the Fermi satellite and with gravitational-wave transients. DDOTI will also be used for studies of AGN and YSO variability and to determine the occurrence of hot Jupiters. The principal advantage of DDOTI compared to other similar projects is cost: a single DDOTI installation costs only about US$500,000. This makes it possible to contemplate a global network of DDOTI installations. Such geographic diversity would give earlier access and a higher localization rate. We are actively exploring this option. C1 [Watson, Alan M.; Lee, William H.; Angeles, Fernando; de Diego, Jose A.; Farah, Alejandro S.; Maqueo Chew, Yilen Gomez; Ruiz-Diaz-Soto, Jaime; Tinoco, Silvio] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apartado Postal 70-264, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Troja, Eleonora; Kutyrev, Alexander S.; Gehrels, Neil A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Troja, Eleonora] Univ Maryland, CRESST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G.; Figueroa, Liliana; Quiros, Fernando; Reyes-Ruiz, Maurico] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apartado Postal 106, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Butler, Nathaniel R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Kutyrev, Alexander S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Basa, Stephane] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Blanc, Pierre-Eric] Observ Haute Provence, F-04870 St Michel lObservatoire, France. [Boer, Michel] CNRS OCA UNS, ARTEMIS, UMR 7250, Blvd Observ CS 34229, F-06304 Nice 4, France. [Klotz, Alain] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Observ Midi Pyrenees, CESR, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Thierry, Pierre] Observ Roudiere, 1732 Chem Cretes, F-3190 Auragne, France. RP Watson, AM (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Apartado Postal 70-264, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM alan@astro.unam.mx NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0199-4; 978-1-5106-0200-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9910 AR 99100G DI 10.1117/12.2232898 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PO UT WOS:000385793600015 ER PT S AU Champion, A Gurfinkel, A Kahsai, T Tinelli, C AF Champion, Adrien Gurfinkel, Arie Kahsai, Temesghen Tinelli, Cesare BE DeNicola, R Kuhn, E TI CoCoSpec: A Mode-Aware Contract Language for Reactive Systems SO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND FORMAL METHODS: 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, SEFM 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods (SEFM) CY JUL 04-08, 2016 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA AB Contract-based software development has long been a leading methodology for the construction of component-based reactive systems, embedded systems in particular. Contracts are an effective way to establish boundaries between components and can be used efficiently to verify global properties by using compositional reasoning techniques. A contract specifies the assumptions a component makes on its context and the guarantees it provides. Requirements in the specification of a component are often case-based, with each case describing what the component should do depending on a specific situation (or mode) the component is in. We introduce CoCoSpec, a mode-aware assume-guarantee-based contract language for embedded systems built as an extension of the Lustre language. CoCoSpec lets users specify mode behavior directly, instead of encoding it as conditional guarantees, thus preventing a loss of mode-specific information. Mode-aware model checkers supporting CoCoSpec can increase the effectiveness of the compositional analysis techniques found in assume-guarantee frameworks and improve scalability. Such tools can also produce much better feedback during the verification process, as well as valuable qualitative information on the contract itself. We presents the CoCoSpec language and illustrate the benefits of mode-aware model-checking on a case study involving a flight-critical avionics system. The evaluation uses Kind 2, a collaborative, parallel, SMT-based model checker extended to fully support CoCoSpec. C1 [Champion, Adrien; Tinelli, Cesare] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Gurfinkel, Arie] Carnegie Mellon Univ, SEI, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kahsai, Temesghen] Carnegie Mellon Univ, NASA Ames, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Champion, A (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM adrien.champion@email.com OI Tinelli, Cesare/0000-0002-6726-775X NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-41591-8; 978-3-319-41590-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9763 BP 347 EP 366 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-41591-8_24 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BG0JC UT WOS:000386263500024 ER PT S AU Angal, A Brinkmann, J Kumar, AS Xiong, XX AF Angal, Amit Brinkmann, Jake Kumar, A. Senthil Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI Cross-calibration of the Oceansat-2 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) with Terra and Aqua MODIS SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing ID REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; SURFACE AB The Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) sensor on-board the Oceansat-2 spacecraft has been operational since its launch in September, 2009. The Oceansat 2 OCM primary design goal is to provide continuity to Oceansat-1 OCM to obtain information regarding various ocean-colour variables. OCM acquires Earth scene measurements in eight multi-spectral bands in the range from 402 to 885 nm. The MODIS sensor on the Terra and Aqua spacecraft has been successfully operating for over a decade collecting measurements of the earth's land, ocean surface and atmosphere. The MODIS spectral bands, designed for land and ocean applications, cover the spectral range from 412 to 869 nm. This study focuses on comparing the radiometric calibration stability of OCM using near-simultaneous TOA measurements with Terra and Aqua MODIS acquired over the Libya 4 target. Same-day scene-pairs from all three sensors (OCM, Terra and Aqua MODIS) between August, 2014 and September, 2015 were chosen for this analysis. On a given day, the OCM overpass is approximately an hour after the Terra overpass and an hour before the Aqua overpass. Due to the orbital differences between Terra and Aqua, MODIS images the Libya 4 site at different scan-angles on a given day. Some of the high-gain ocean bands for MODIS tend to saturate while viewing the bright Libya 4 target, but bands 8-10 (412 nm - 486 nm) provide an unsaturated response and are used for comparison with the spectrally similar OCM bands. All the standard corrections such as bidirectional reflectance factor (BRDF), relative spectral response mismatch, and impact for atmospheric water-vapor are applied to obtain the reflectance differences between OCM and the two MODIS instruments. Furthermore, OCM is used as a transfer radiometer to obtain the calibration differences between Terra and Aqua MODIS reflective solar bands. C1 [Angal, Amit; Brinkmann, Jake] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Kumar, A. Senthil] ISRO, Indian Inst Remote Sensing, Dept Space, Kalidas Rd, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Angal, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 98811Y DI 10.1117/12.2224046 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900044 ER PT S AU Angal, A Xiong, XX Wu, AS Chen, HD Geng, X Link, D Li, YH Wald, A Brinkmann, J AF Angal, Amit Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Wu, Aisheng Chen, Hongda Geng, Xu Link, Daniel Li, Yonghong Wald, Andrew Brinkmann, Jake BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI On-orbit Performance and Calibration Improvements for the Reflective Solar Bands of Terra and Aqua MODIS SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing AB Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is the keystone instrument for NASA's EOS Terra and Aqua missions, designed to extend and improve heritage sensor measurements and data records of the land, oceans and atmosphere. The reflective solar bands (RSB) of MODIS covering wavelengths from 0.41 mu m to 2.2 mu m, are calibrated on-orbit using a solar diffuser (SD), with its on-orbit bi-directional reflectance factor (BRF) changes tracked using a solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM). MODIS is a scanning radiometer using a two-sided paddle-wheel mirror to collect earth view (EV) data over a range of +/- 55 degrees off instrument nadir. In addition to the solar calibration provided by the SD and SDSM system, lunar observations at nearly constant phase angles are regularly scheduled to monitor the RSB calibration stability. For both Terra and Aqua MODIS, the SD and lunar observations are used together to track the on-orbit changes of RSB response versus scan angle (RVS) as the SD and SV port are viewed at different angles of incidence (AOI) on the scan mirror. The MODIS Level 1B (L1B) Collection 6 (C6) algorithm incorporated several enhancements over its predecessor Collection 5 (C5) algorithm. A notable improvement was the use of the earth-view (EV) response trends from pseudo-invariant desert targets to characterize the on-orbit RVS for select RSB (Terra bands 1-4, 8, 9 and Aqua bands 8, 9) and the time, AOI, and wavelength-dependent uncertainty. The MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) has been maintaining and enhancing the C6 algorithm since its first update in November, 2011 for Aqua MODIS, and February, 2012 for Terra MODIS. Several calibration improvements have been incorporated that include extending the EV-based RVS approach to other RSB, additional correction for SD degradation at SWIR wavelengths, and alternative approaches for on-orbit RVS characterization. In addition to the on-orbit performance of the MODIS RSB, this paper also discusses in detail the recent calibration improvements implemented in the MODIS L1B C6. C1 [Angal, Amit; Wu, Aisheng; Chen, Hongda; Geng, Xu; Link, Daniel; Li, Yonghong; Brinkmann, Jake] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wald, Andrew] Global Sci & Technol Inc, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Angal, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 98811F DI 10.1117/12.2223912 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900030 ER PT S AU Bender, HA Mouroulis, P Gross, J Painter, T Smith, CD Wilson, DW Smith, CH Van Gorp, BE Eastwood, ML AF Bender, Holly A. Mouroulis, Pantazis Gross, Johannes Painter, Thomas Smith, Christopher D. Wilson, Daniel W. Smith, Colin H. Van Gorp, Byron E. Eastwood, Michael L. BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI Snow and Water Imaging Spectrometer (SWIS): development of a CubeSat-compatible instrument SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE imaging spectroscopy; Dyson spectrometer; CubeSat ID SPECTROSCOPY; DESIGN AB The Snow and Water Imaging Spectrometer (SWIS) is a fast, high-uniformity, low-polarization sensitivity imaging spectrometer and telescope system designed for integration on a 6U CubeSat platform. Operating in the 350-1700 nm spectral region with 5.7 nm sampling, SWIS is capable of simultaneously addressing the demanding needs of coastal ocean science and snow and ice monitoring. New key technologies that facilitate the development of this instrument include a linear variable anti-reflection (LVAR) detector coating for stray light management, and a single drive on-board calibration mechanism utilizing a transmissive diffuser for solar calibration. We provide an overview of the SWIS instrument design, spacecraft configuration design, and potential science missions. C1 [Bender, Holly A.; Mouroulis, Pantazis; Gross, Johannes; Painter, Thomas; Wilson, Daniel W.; Smith, Colin H.; Van Gorp, Byron E.; Eastwood, Michael L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Smith, Christopher D.] Sierra Lobo Inc, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Bender, HA (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 306-392, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM holly.a.bender@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 98810V DI 10.1117/12.2228211 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900015 ER PT S AU Bhatt, R Angal, A Dolling, DR Xiong, XX Wu, AS Haney, CO Scarino, BR Gopalan, A AF Bhatt, Rajendra Angal, Amit Doelling, David R. Xiong, Xiaoxiong Wu, Aisheng Haney, Conor O. Scarino, Benjamin R. Gopalan, Arun BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI Response versus scan-angle corrections for MODIS reflective solar bands using deep convective clouds SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE MODIS; RVS; mirror response; DCC ID CALIBRATION; STABILITY AB The absolute radiometric calibration of the reflective solar bands (RSBs) of Aqua-and Terra-MODIS is performed using on-board calibrators. A solar diffuser (SD) panel along with a solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM) system, which tracks the degradation of the SD over time, provides the baseline for calibrating the MODIS sensors. MODIS also views the moon and deep space through its space view (SV) port for lunar-based calibration and computing the background, respectively. The MODIS instrument views the Earth's surface using a two-sided scan mirror, whose reflectance is a function of the angle of incidence (AOI) and is described by response versus scan-angle (RVS). The RVS for both MODIS instruments was characterized prior to launch. MODIS also views the SD and the moon at two different AOIs. There is sufficient evidence that the RVS is changing on orbit over time and as a function of wavelength. The SD and lunar observation scans can only track the RVS variation at two AOIs. Consequently, the MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) developed enhanced approaches that supplement the onboard calibrator measurements with responses from the pseudo-invariant desert sites. This approach has been implemented in Level 1B (L1B) Collection 6 (C6) for select short-wavelength bands. This paper presents an alternative approach of characterizing the mirror RVS to derive the time-dependent RVS correction factors for MODIS RSBs using tropical deep convective cloud (DCC) targets. An initial assessment of the DCC response from Aqua-MODIS band 1 C6 data indicates evidence of RVS artifacts, which are not uniform across the scans and are more prevalent at the beginning of the earth-view scan. C1 [Bhatt, Rajendra; Angal, Amit; Wu, Aisheng; Haney, Conor O.; Scarino, Benjamin R.; Gopalan, Arun] SSAI, One Enterprise Pkwy Ste 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Doelling, David R.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,MS 618, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bhatt, R (reprint author), SSAI, One Enterprise Pkwy Ste 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM rajendra.bhatt@nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 98811L DI 10.1117/12.2223809 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900035 ER PT S AU Chen, H Sun, C Chen, X Chiang, K Xiong, X AF Chen, H. Sun, C. Chen, X. Chiang, K. Xiong, X. BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI On-orbit Calibration and Performance of S-NPP VIIRS DNB SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE VIIRS; Day-Night Band; DNB; S-NPP; Calibration; VCST AB The S-NPP VIIRS instrument has successfully operated since its launch in October 2011. The VIIRS Day-Night Band (DNB) is a panchromatic channel covering wavelengths from 0.5 to 0.9. m that is capable of observing Earth scenes during both day and nighttime orbits at a spatial resolution of 750 m. To cover the large dynamic range, the DNB operates at low, mid, or high gain stages, and it uses an onboard solar diffuser (SD) for its low gain stage calibration. The SD observations also provide a means to compute gain ratios of low-to-mid and mid-to-high gain stages. This paper describes the DNB on-orbit calibration methodologies used by the VIIRS Characterization Support Team (VCST) in supporting the NASA earth science community with consistent VIIRS sensor data records (SDRs) made available by the Land Science Investigator-led Processing Systems (SIPS). It provides an assessment and update of DNB on-orbit performance, including the SD degradation in the DNB spectral range, detector gain and gain ratio trending, stray light contamination and its correction. Also presented in this paper are performance validations based on earth scenes and lunar observations. C1 [Chen, H.; Chen, X.; Chiang, K.] Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Sun, C.] Global Sci Technol Inc, 7855 Walker Dr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Xiong, X.] NASA, Sci Syst & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 98812B DI 10.1117/12.2225105 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900050 ER PT S AU Doubleday, JR AF Doubleday, Joshua R. BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI 3 Petabytes or Bust - Planning Science Observations for NISAR SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE observation scheduling planning modeling AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) have formed a joint agency mission, NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) to fly in the 2020 timeframe, charged with collecting Synthetic Aperture Radar data over nearly all of earth's land and ice, to advance science in ecosystems, solid-earth and cryospheric disciplines with global time-series maps of various phenomenon. Over a three-year mission span, NISAR will collect on the order of 24 Terabits of raw radar data per day. Developing a plan to collect the data necessary for these three primary science disciplines and their sub-disciplines has been challenging in terms of overlapping geographic regions of interest, temporal requirements, competing modes of the radar instrument, and data-volume resources. One of the chief tools in building a plan of observations against these requirements has been a software tool developed at JPL, the Compressed Large-scale Scheduler Planner (CLASP). CLASP intersects the temporo-geometric visibilities of a spaceborne instrument with campaigns of temporospatial maps of scientific interest, in an iterative squeaky-wheel optimization loop. While the overarching strategy for science observations has evolved through the formulation phases of this mission, so has the use of CLASP. We'll show how this problem space and tool has evolved over time, as well as some of the current parameter estimates for NISAR and its overall mission plan. C1 [Doubleday, Joshua R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Doubleday, JR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 988105 DI 10.1117/12.2223893 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900003 ER PT S AU Hoffman, JP Shaffer, S Perkovic-Martin, D AF Hoffman, James P. Shaffer, Scott Perkovic-Martin, Dragana BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI NASA L-SAR Instrument for the NISAR (NASA-ISRO) Synthetic Aperture Radar Mission SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE Radar; beamforming; SAR; NISAR; SweepSAR; L-SAR AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) have partnered to develop an Earth-orbiting science and applications mission that exploits synthetic aperture radar to map Earth's surface every 12 days or less. To meet demanding coverage, sampling, and accuracy requirements, the system was designed to achieve over 240 km swath at fine resolution, and using full polarimetry where needed. To address the broad range of disciplines and scientific study areas of the mission, a dual-frequency system was conceived, at L-band (24 cm wavelength) and S-band (10 cm wavelength). To achieve these observational characteristics, a reflector-feed system is considered, whereby the feed aperture elements are individually sampled to allow a scan-on-receive ("SweepSAR") capability at both L-band and S-band. The instrument leverages the expanding capabilities of on-board digital processing to enable real-time calibration and digital beamforming. This paper describes the mission characteristics, current status of the L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (L-SAR) portion of the instrument, and the technology development efforts in the United States that are reducing risk on the key radar technologies needed to ensure proper SweepSAR operations. C1 [Hoffman, James P.; Shaffer, Scott; Perkovic-Martin, Dragana] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hoffman, JP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM james.p.hoffman@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 988108 DI 10.1117/12.2228489 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900005 ER PT S AU Kumar, R Rosen, P Misra, T AF Kumar, Raj Rosen, Paul Misra, Tapan BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar: Science & Applications SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE SAR; NISAR; SweepSAR ID FOREST BIOMASS; SAR DATA; RETRIEVAL; TROPICS; IMAGES AB NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR), a novel SAR concept will be utilized to image wide swath at high resolution of stripmap SAR. It will have observations in L- and S-bands to understand highly spatial and temporally complex processes such as ecosystem disturbances, ice sheet changes, and natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and landslides. NISAR with several advanced features such as 12 days interferometric orbit, achievement of high resolution and wide swath images through SweepSAR technology and simultaneous data acquisition in dual frequency would support a host of applications. The primary objectives of NISAR are to monitor ecosystems including monitoring changes in ecosystem structure and biomass estimation, carbon flux monitoring; mangroves and wetlands characterization; alpine forest characterization and delineation of tree-line ecotone, land surface deformation including measurement of deformation due to co-seismic and inter-seismic activities; landslides; land subsidence and volcanic deformation, cryosphere studies including measurements of dynamics of polar ice sheet, ice discharge to the ocean, Himalayan snow and glacier dynamics, deep and coastal ocean studies including retrieval of ocean parameters, mapping of coastal erosion and shore-line change; demarcation of high tide line (HTL) and low tide line (LTL) for coastal regulation zones (CRZ) mapping, geological studies including mapping of structural and lithological features; lineaments and paleo-channels; geo-morphological mapping, natural disaster response including mapping and monitoring of floods, forest fires, oil spills, earthquake damage and monitoring of extreme weather events such as cyclones. In addition to the above, NISAR would support various other applications such as enhanced crop monitoring, soil moisture estimation, urban area development, weather and hydrological forecasting. C1 [Kumar, Raj; Misra, Tapan] Ctr Space Applicat, Ahmadabad 380015, Gujarat, India. [Rosen, Paul] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kumar, R (reprint author), Ctr Space Applicat, Ahmadabad 380015, Gujarat, India. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 988103 DI 10.1117/12.2228027 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900001 ER PT S AU Lebair, W Rollins, C Kline, J Todirita, M Kronenwetter, J AF Lebair, William Rollins, C. Kline, John Todirita, M. Kronenwetter, J. BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI Post Launch Calibration and Testing of the Advanced Baseline Imager on the GOES-R Satellite SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE Advanced Baseline Imager; GOES-R; Calibration; Post Launch Testing AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R (GOES-R) series is the planned next generation of operational weather satellites for the United State's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The first launch of the GOES-R series is planned for October 2016. The GOES-R series satellites and instruments are being developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). One of the key instruments on the GOES-R series is the Advance Baseline Imager (ABI). The ABI is a multi-channel, visible through infrared, passive imaging radiometer. The ABI will provide moderate spatial and spectral resolution at high temporal and radiometric resolution to accurately monitor rapidly changing weather. Initial on-orbit calibration and performance characterization is crucial to establishing baseline used to maintain performance throughout mission life. A series of tests has been planned to establish the post launch performance and establish the parameters needed to process the data in the Ground Processing Algorithm. The large number of detectors for each channel required to provide the needed temporal coverage presents unique challenges for accurately calibrating ABI and minimizing striping. This paper discusses the planned tests to be performed on ABI over the six-month Post Launch Test period and the expected performance as it relates to ground tests. C1 [Lebair, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 910, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rollins, C.; Kline, John] Res Support Instruments Inc, 4325b Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Todirita, M.] NOAA, NESDIS GOES R Flight Project, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kronenwetter, J.] Chesapeake Aerosp, POB 567, Grasonville, MD 21638 USA. RP Lebair, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 910, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 98810K DI 10.1117/12.2228556 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900009 ER PT S AU Link, D Wang, ZP Xiong, XX AF Link, Dan Wang, Zhipeng Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI Status of MODIS Spatial and Spectral Characterization and Performance SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE MODIS; calibration; spatial; spectral; SRCA; BBR; MTF; center-wavelength; bandwidth ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; INSTRUMENT AB Since launch, both Terra and Aqua MODIS instruments have continued to operate and make measurements of the earth's top of atmospheric (TOA) radiances and reflectance. MODIS collects data in 36 spectral bands covering wavelengths from 0.41 to 14.4 mu m. These spectral bands and detectors are located on four focal plane assemblies (FPAs). MODIS on-board calibrators (OBC) include a spectro-radiometric calibration assembly (SRCA), which was designed to characterize and monitor sensor spatial and spectral performance, such as on-orbit changes in the band-to-band registration (BBR), modulation transfer function (MTF), spectral band center wavelengths (CW) and bandwidths (BW). In this paper, we provide a status update of MODIS spatial and spectral characterization and performance, following a brief description of SRCA functions and on-orbit calibration activities. Sensor spatial and spectral performance parameters derived from SRCA measurements are introduced and discussed. Results show that on-orbit spatial performance has been very stable for both Terra and Aqua MODIS instruments. The large BBR shifts in Aqua MODIS, an issue identified pre-launch, have remained the same over its entire mission. On-orbit changes in CW and BW are less than 0.5 nm and 1 nm, respectively, for most VIS/NIR spectral bands of both instruments. C1 [Link, Dan; Wang, Zhipeng] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Link, D (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 98811G DI 10.1117/12.2224307 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900031 ER PT S AU Madhavan, S Wu, AS Chen, N Xiong, XX AF Madhavan, Sriharsha Wu, Aisheng Chen, Na Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI MODIS On-Orbit Thermal Emissive Bands Lifetime Performance SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE MODIS; Terra; Aqua; Thermal Emissive bands; Blackbody; Calibration ID CALIBRATION; TERRA AB MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), a leading heritage sensor in the fleet of Earth Observing System for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is in space orbit on two spacecrafts. They are the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms. Both instruments have successfully continued to operate beyond the 6 year design life time, with the T-MODIS currently functional beyond 15 years and the A-MODIS operating beyond 13 years respectively. The MODIS sensor characteristics include a spectral coverage from 0.41 mu m - 14.4 mu m, of which wavelengths ranging from 3.7 mu m - 14. 4 mu m cover the thermal infrared region also referred to as the Thermal Emissive Bands (TEBs). The TEBs is calibrated using a v-grooved BlackBody (BB) whose temperature measurements are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology temperature scales. The TEBs calibration based on the onboard BB is extremely important for its high radiometric fidelity. In this paper, we provide a complete characterization of the lifetime instrument performance of both MODIS instruments in terms of the sensor gain, the Noise Equivalent difference Temperature, key instrument telemetry such as the BB lifetime trends, the instrument temperature trends, the Cold Focal Plane telemetry and finally, the total assessed calibration uncertainty of the TEBs. C1 [Madhavan, Sriharsha; Wu, Aisheng; Chen, Na] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Madhavan, S (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 98811X DI 10.1117/12.2222310 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900043 ER PT S AU Oudrari, H McIntire, J Xiong, XX Butler, J Ji, Q Schwarting, T Zeng, JA AF Oudrari, Hassan McIntire, Jeff Xiong, Xiaoxiong Butler, James Ji, Qiang Schwarting, Tom Zeng, Jinan BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI JPSS-1 VIIRS Pre-Launch Radiometric Performance SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE JPSS; VIIRS; Radiometric; Reflective; Emissive; Calibration; Performance ID CALIBRATION; NPP AB The first Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS-1 or J1) mission is scheduled to launch in January 2017, and will be very similar to the Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) mission. The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the J1 spacecraft completed its sensor level performance testing in December 2014. VIIRS instrument is expected to provide valuable information about the Earth environment and properties on a daily basis, using a wide-swath (3,040 km) cross-track scanning radiometer. The design covers the wavelength spectrum from reflective to long-wave infrared through 22 spectral bands, from 0.412 mu m to 12.01 mu m, and has spatial resolutions of 370 m and 740 m at nadir for imaging and moderate bands, respectively. This paper will provide an overview of pre-launch J1 VIIRS performance testing and methodologies, describing the at-launch baseline radiometric performance as well as the metrics needed to calibrate the instrument once on orbit. Key sensor performance metrics include the sensor signal to noise ratios (SNRs), dynamic range, reflective and emissive bands calibration performance, polarization sensitivity, bands spectral performance, response-vs-scan (RVS), near field response, and stray light rejection. A set of performance metrics generated during the pre-launch testing program will be compared to the sensor requirements and to SNPP VIIRS pre-launch performance. C1 [Oudrari, Hassan; McIntire, Jeff; Ji, Qiang; Schwarting, Tom] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Butler, James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zeng, Jinan] Fibertek Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Oudrari, H (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 98810J DI 10.1117/12.2223188 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900008 ER PT S AU Souza, AID Robinson, E Masterjohn, S Ely, P Khalap, V Babu, S Smith, DS AF Souza, A. I. D' Robinson, E. Masterjohn, S. Ely, P. Khalap, V. Babu, S. Smith, D. S. BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI Detectors and Focal Plane Modules for Weather Satellites SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INFRARED PHOTODIODES; DEVICE PERFORMANCE; HGCDTE MATERIAL AB Weather satellite instruments require detectors with a variety of wavelengths ranging from the visible to VLWIR. One of the remote sensing applications is the geostationary GOES-ABI imager covering wavelengths from the 450 to 490 nm band through the 13.0 to 13.6 mu m band. There are a total of 16 spectral bands covered. The Cross-track infrared Sounder (CrIS) is a Polar Orbiting interferometric sensor that measures earth radiances at high spectral resolution, using the data to provide pressure, temperature and moisture profiles of the atmosphere. The pressure, temperature and moisture sounding data are used in weather prediction models that track storms, predict levels of precipitation etc. The CrIS instrument contains SWIR (lambda(c) similar to 5 mu m at 98K), MWIR (lambda(c) similar to 9 mu m at 98K) and LWIRs (lambda(c) similar to 15.5 mu m at 81K) bands in three Focal Plane Array Assemblies (FPAAs). GOES-ABI contains three focal plane modules (FPMs), (i) a visible-near infrared module consisting of three visible and three near infrared channels, (ii) a MWIR module comprised of five channels from 3.9 mu m to 8.6 mu m and (iii) a 9.6 mu m to 13.3 mu m, five-channel LWIR module. The VNIR FPM operates at 205 K, and the MWIR and LWIR FPMs operate at 60 K. Each spectral channel has a redundant array built into a single detector chip. Switching is thus permitted from the primary selected array in each channel to the redundant array, given any degradation in performance of the primary array during the course of the mission. Silicon p-i-n detectors are used for the 0.47 mu m to 0.86 mu m channels. The thirteen channels above 1 mu m are fabricated in various compositions of Hg1-xCdxTe, and in this particular case using two different detector architectures. The 1.38 mu m to 9.61 mu m channels are all fabricated in Hg1-xCdxTe grown by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) using the HDVIP detector architecture. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown Hg1-xCdxTe material are used for the LWIR 10.35 mu m to 13.3 mu m channels fabricated in Double layer planar heterostructure (DLPH) detectors. This is the same architecture used for the CrIS detectors CrIS detectors are 850 mu m diameter detectors with each FPAA consisting of nine photovoltaic detectors arranged in a 3 x 3 pattern. Each detector has an accompanying cold preamplifier. SWIR and MWIR FPAAs operate at 98 K and the LWIR FPAA at 81 K, permitting the use of passive radiators to cool the detectors. D* requirements at peak wavelength are >= 5.0E+10 Jones for LWIR, >= 9.3E+10 Jones for MWIR and >= 3.0E+11 Jones for SWIR. All FPAAs exceeded the D* requirements. Measured mean values for the nine photodiodes in each of the LWIR, MWIR and SWIR FPAAs are D* = 5.3 x 10(10) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 14.0 mu m, 1.0 x 10(11) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 8.0 mu m and 3.1 x 10(11) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 4.64 mu m. C1 [Souza, A. I. D'; Robinson, E.; Masterjohn, S.; Ely, P.; Khalap, V.] DRS Sensors & Targeting Syst, 10600 Valley View St, Cypress, CA 90630 USA. [Babu, S.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Smith, D. S.] Harris Semicond Inc, 1919 W Cook Rd, Ft Wayne, IN 46818 USA. RP Souza, AID (reprint author), DRS Sensors & Targeting Syst, 10600 Valley View St, Cypress, CA 90630 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 988115 DI 10.1117/12.2228898 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900023 ER PT S AU Tadikonda, SSK Merrow, CS Kronenwetter, JA Comeyne, GJ Flanagan, DG Todirita, M AF Tadikonda, Sivakumara S. K. Merrow, Cynthia S. Kronenwetter, Jeffrey A. Comeyne, Gustave J. Flanagan, Daniel G. Todirita, Monica BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI Post-Launch Calibration and Testing of Space Weather Instruments on GOES-R Satellite SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE GOES; Space Weather; On-orbit Calibration; EXIS; SEISS; SUVI AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite - R (GOES-R) is the first of a series of satellites to be launched, with the first launch scheduled for October 2016. The three instruments - Solar UltraViolet Imager (SUVI), Extreme ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance Sensor (EXIS), and Space Environment In-Situ Suite (SEISS) provide the data needed as inputs for the product updates National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides to the public. SUVI is a full-disk extreme ultraviolet imager enabling Active Region characterization, filament eruption, and flare detection. EXIS provides inputs to solar backgrounds/events impacting climate models. SEISS provides particle measurements over a wide energy-and-flux range that varies by several orders of magnitude and these data enable updates to spacecraft charge models for electrostatic discharge. EXIS and SEISS have been tested and calibrated end-to-end in ground test facilities around the United States. Due to the complexity of the SUVI design, data from component tests were used in a model to predict on-orbit performance. The ground tests and model updates provided inputs for designing the on-orbit calibration tests. A series of such tests have been planned for the Post-Launch Testing (PLT) of each of these instruments, and specific parameters have been identified that will be updated in the Ground Processing Algorithms, on-orbit parameter tables, or both. Some of SUVI and EXIS calibrations require slewing them off the Sun, while no such maneuvers are needed for SEISS. After a six-month PLT period the GOES-R is expected to be operational. The calibration details are presented in this paper. C1 [Tadikonda, Sivakumara S. K.] Constellation Software Engn Corp, 4640 Forbes Blvd,Suite 201, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Merrow, Cynthia S.] Stellar Solut Inc, 250 Cambridge Ave,Suite 204, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. [Kronenwetter, Jeffrey A.] Chesapeake Aerosp LLC, POB 436, Grasonville, MD 21638 USA. [Comeyne, Gustave J.; Flanagan, Daniel G.; Todirita, Monica] NOAA, NASA, GSFC, Code 417-0,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tadikonda, SSK (reprint author), Constellation Software Engn Corp, 4640 Forbes Blvd,Suite 201, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 98810L DI 10.1117/12.2228535 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900010 ER PT S AU Xiong, XX Angal, A Butler, J Cao, CY Doelling, D Wu, AS Wu, XQ AF Xiong, Xiaoxiong Angal, Amit Butler, James Cao, Changyong Doelling, David Wu, Aisheng Wu, Xiangqian BE Xiong, XJ Kuriakose, SA Kimura, T TI Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System Reflective Solar Calibration Reference: From Aqua MODIS to S-NPP VIIRS SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization IV CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE VIIRS; MODIS; calibration reference; calibration inter-comparison ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE; BANDS; SATELLITE AB The MODIS has successfully operated on-board the NASA's EOS Terra and Aqua spacecraft for more than 16 and 14 years, respectively. MODIS instrument was designed with stringent calibration requirements and comprehensive on-board calibration capability. In the reflective solar spectral region, Aqua MODIS has performed better than Terra MODIS and, therefore, has been chosen by the Global Space-based Inter'-Calibration System (GSICS) operational community as the calibration reference sensor in cross-sensor calibration and calibration inter-comparisons. For the same reason, it has also been used by a number of earth-observing sensors as their calibration reference. Considering that Aqua MODIS has already operated for nearly 14 years, it is essential to transfer its calibration to a follow-on reference sensor with a similar calibration capability and stable performance. The VIIRS is a follow-on instrument to MODIS and has many similar design features as MODIS, including their on-board calibrators (OBC). As a result, VIIRS is an ideal candidate to replace MODIS to serve as the future GSICS reference sensor. Since launch, the S-NPP VIIRS has already operated for more than 4 years and its overall performance has been extensively characterized and demonstrated to meet its overall design requirements. This paper provides an overview of Aqua MODIS and S-NPP VIIRS reflective solar bands (RSB) calibration methodologies and strategies, traceability, and their on-orbit performance. It describes and illustrates different methods and approaches that can be used to facilitate the calibration reference transfer, including the use of desert and Antarctic sites, deep convective clouds (DCC), and the lunar observations. C1 [Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Butler, James] NASA GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Angal, Amit; Wu, Aisheng] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Cao, Changyong; Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Doelling, David] NASA LaRC, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Xiong, XX (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0122-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9881 AR UNSP 98811D DI 10.1117/12.2224320 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF9PH UT WOS:000385792900029 ER PT S AU Bit-Monnot, A Smith, DE Do, M AF Bit-Monnot, Arthur Smith, David E. Minh Do BE Kaminka, GA Fox, M Bouquet, P Hullermeier, E Dignum, V Dignum, F VanHarmelen, F TI Delete-ree Reachability Analysis for Temporal and Hierarchical Planning SO ECAI 2016: 22ND EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SE Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI) CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2016 CL Hague, NETHERLANDS SP European Assoc Artificial Intelligence, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Taylor & Francis Grp, Essence ITN Network, Vrije Univ Amsterdam AB Reachability analysis is a crucial part of the heuristic computation for many state of the art classical and temporal planners. In this paper, we study the difficulty that arises in assessing the reachability of actions in planning problems containing sets of interdependent actions, notably including problems with required concurrency as well as hierarchical planning problems. We show the limitation of state-of-the-art techniques and propose a new method suitable for both temporal and hierarchical planning problems. Our proposal is evaluated on FAPE, a constraint-based temporal planner. C1 [Bit-Monnot, Arthur] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, LAAS, Toulouse, France. [Smith, David E.; Minh Do] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bit-Monnot, A (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, CNRS, LAAS, Toulouse, France. EM arthur.bit-monnot@laas.fr; david.smith@nasa.gov; minh.do@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6389 BN 978-1-61499-672-9; 978-1-61499-671-2 J9 FRONT ARTIF INTEL AP PY 2016 VL 285 BP 1698 EP 1699 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-672-9-1698 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF9PP UT WOS:000385793700253 ER PT S AU Travinsky, A Vorobiev, D Raisanen, AD Pellish, J Ninkov, Z Robberto, M Heap, S AF Travinsky, Anton Vorobiev, Dmitry Raisanen, Alan D. Pellish, Jonathan Ninkov, Zoran Robberto, Massimo Heap, Sara BE Douglass, MR King, PS Lee, BL TI The effects of heavy ion radiation on digital micromirror device performance SO EMERGING DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE BASED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications VIII CY FEB 15-17, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, DLP Texas Instruments DE DMD; digital micro-mirror device; digital micro-mirror array; MOS; multiple-object spectroscopy; heavy-ion radiation; GESE AB There is a need for a space-suitable solution to the selection of targets to be observed in astronomical multiobject spectrometers (MOS). A few digital micromirror device (DMD)- based prototype MOS have been developed for use at ground observatories, However their main use will come in deploying a space based mission. The question of DMD performance under in-orbit radiation remains unanswered. DMDs were tested under accelerated heavy-ion radiation (with the control electronics shielded from radiation), with a focus on detection of single-event effects (SEEs) including latch-up events. Testing showed that DMDs are sensitive to non-destructive ion-induced state changes; however, all SEEs were cleared with a soft reset (that is, sending a new pattern to the device). The DMDs did not experience single-event induced permanent damage or functional changes that required a hard reset (power cycle), even at high ion fluences. This suggests that the SSE rate burden will be manageable for a DMD-based instrument when exposed to solar particle fluxes and cosmic rays on orbit. C1 [Travinsky, Anton; Vorobiev, Dmitry; Ninkov, Zoran] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Raisanen, Alan D.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Mfg & Mech Engn Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Pellish, Jonathan; Heap, Sara] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Robberto, Massimo] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Travinsky, A (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM at4395@rit.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-996-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9761 AR 976108 DI 10.1117/12.2213634 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF6RI UT WOS:000383611000002 ER PT S AU Stoltzfus, J Gallus, TD AF Stoltzfus, Joel Gallus, Timothy D. BE Davis, SE Steinberg, TA TI A Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature Determination of Metal Through Induction Heating SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres CY APR 13-15, 2016 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres DE titanium autogenous ignition temperature; induction heating; pyrometer; oxygen concentration effects AB To assist in the failure analysis of a rocket thruster, the ignition temperature in oxygen-enriched atmospheres of titanium and titanium alloys was investigated. The open literature indicated melting temperatures in the range of 1,660 degrees C (3,020 degrees F) and ignition temperatures ranging from 250 to 1,627 degrees C (482 to 2,961 degrees F) for titanium powder and solid titanium, respectively. Vertically mounted test samples of varying diameters were ignited by induction heating in 66 % oxygen (O-2)/balance nitrogen (N-2) and in 99.5 + % O-2 at 1,000 psia. Ignition was measured by either a platinum/platinum-rhodium (Type S) thermocouple comprised of 0.05-mm (0.002 in.) and 0.076-mm (0.003 in.) diameter wires welded to the samples or by a two-color pyrometer. The ignition temperatures in 66 % 02 and 99.5 + % 02, with various surface treatments and configurations, ranged from 1,623 to 1,659 degrees C (2,953 to 3,018 degrees F). The lack of an effect on ignition temperature as a function of oxygen concentration suggests that the ignition process is controlled by subsurface rather than surface-related processes. One unexpected result was that although sample nitriding did not change the autogenous ignition temperature (AIT), it did change the rate of combustion after ignition. C1 [Stoltzfus, Joel] NASA, Mat & Components Labs Off, Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. [Gallus, Timothy D.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. RP Stoltzfus, J (reprint author), NASA, Mat & Components Labs Off, Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7637-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2016 VL 1596 BP 15 EP 36 DI 10.1520/STP159620150076 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BF9TS UT WOS:000385898100002 ER PT S AU Juarez, A Harper, SA AF Juarez, Alfredo Harper, Susana A. BE Davis, SE Steinberg, TA TI Improved ASTM G72 Test Method for Ensuring Adequate Fuel-to-Oxidizer Ratios SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres CY APR 13-15, 2016 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres DE autogenous ignition temperature (AIT); gaseous oxygen; liquid solvents; non-ignition; volatility; fuel-to-oxidizer ratio AB ASTM G72/G72M-15, Standard Test Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature of Liquids and Solids in a High-Pressure Oxygen-Enriched Environment, is currently used to evaluate materials for ignition susceptibility driven by exposure to external heat in an enriched oxygen environment. Testing performed on highly volatile liquids such as cleaning solvents has proven problematic due to inconsistent test results (nonignitions). Nonignition results can be misinterpreted as favorable oxygen compatibility, although they are more likely associated with inadequate fuel-to-oxidizer ratios. Forced evaporation during purging and inadequate sample size were identified as two potential causes for inadequate available sample material during testing. In an effort to maintain adequate fuel to-oxidizer ratios within the reaction vessel during a test, several parameters were considered, including sample size, pretest sample chilling, pretest purging, and test pressure. Tests on a variety of solvents exhibiting a range of volatilities are presented in this paper. A proposed improvement to the standard test protocol as a result of this evaluation is also presented. Execution of the final proposed improved test protocol outlines an incremental step method of determining optimal conditions using increased sample sizes while considering test system safety limits. The proposed improved test method increases confidence in results obtained by utilizing the ASTM G72 autogenous ignition temperature test method and can aid in the oxygen compatibility assessment of highly volatile liquids and other conditions that may lead to false nonignition results. C1 [Juarez, Alfredo] White Sands Test Facil, Jacobs Engn, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. [Harper, Susana A.] NASA, White Sands Test Facil RF111, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. RP Juarez, A (reprint author), White Sands Test Facil, Jacobs Engn, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7637-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2016 VL 1596 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1520/STP159620750080 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BF9TS UT WOS:000385898100004 ER PT S AU Lowrey, NM Mitchell, MA AF Lowrey, Nikki M. Mitchell, Mark A. BE Davis, SE Steinberg, TA TI Results of the Test Program for Replacement of AK-225G Solvent for Cleaning NASA Propulsion Oxygen Systems SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres CY APR 13-15, 2016 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres DE solvent; oxygen cleaning; ozone depletion; HCFC-225; cleanliness verification; nonvolatile residue AB Since the 1990s, when the Class I ozone-substance chlorofluorocarbon-113 was banned, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) propulsion test facilities at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Stennis Space Center (SSC) have relied upon the solvent Asahiklin AK-225 (hydrochlorofluorocarbon-225ca/cb or HCFC-225ca/cb) and, more recently AK-225G (the single isomer form, HCFC-225cb) to safely clean and verify the cleanliness of large-scale propulsion oxygen systems. Effective January 1, 2015, the production, import, export, and new use of Class II ozone-depleting substances, including AK-225G, was prohibited in the United States by the Clean Air Act. In 2012 through 2014, NASA test labs at MSFC, SSC, and Johnson Space Center's White Sands Test Facility collaborated to seek out, test, and qualify a solvent replacement for AK-225G that is both an effective cleaner and safe for use with oxygen systems. This paper summarizes the tests performed, the results, and the lessons learned. C1 [Lowrey, Nikki M.] Jacobs Technol Inc, Jacobs ESSSA Grp, 1500 Perimeter Pkwy, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Mitchell, Mark A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Lowrey, NM (reprint author), Jacobs Technol Inc, Jacobs ESSSA Grp, 1500 Perimeter Pkwy, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7637-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2016 VL 1596 BP 76 EP 108 DI 10.1520/STP159620150060 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BF9TS UT WOS:000385898100006 ER PT S AU Ross, HR Gentz, SJ AF Ross, H. R. Gentz, S. J. BE Davis, SE Steinberg, TA TI NASA Independent Assessment of Ambient Pressure Liquid Oxygen (LOX) Impact Testing of Halogenated Solvents SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres CY APR 13-15, 2016 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres DE liquid oxygen (LOX) mechanical impact; repeatability; halogenated solvents; edge reaction; rebound impacts; ignition AB The liquid oxygen (LOX) reactivity results using the ambient pressure LOX mechanical impact test did not yield reproducible results for halogenated (precision cleaning) solvents tested at the Johnson Space Center (JSC), the White Sands Test Facility (WSTF), and at the Marshall Space Flight Center-Materials Combustion Research Facility (MCRF-MSFC) to replace the precision cleaning solvent, HCFC 225 (AK225). The ambient pressure LOX impact testing is established in the ASTM G86-98 test method and is specified by Test 13A in NASA STD 6001(B). In this test method, a known amount of energy is transferred from a free falling plummet to a striker pin resting directly on the test specimen immersed in LOX. The WSTF impact tester produced higher reactivity rates at lower energy levels for the same tests performed at MSFC. This indicates factors other than total input energy to the sample influence the materials reactivity in LOX. Penetration (calibrated) drop tests were performed at WSTF and MSFC. The penetration drop tests provide a simple and reliable method for verifying impact energy, but this method does not provide a measurement of other factors that may contribute to the material's sensitivity to impact reactions. This paper discusses the interaction of factors that are not clearly addressed in the ASTM G86-98 test method and that should be an important focus of attention. Many variables were examined, including percent of relative humidity during sample preparation, the use of the plummet (rebound) catcher, variability of sample preparation at each facility, and impact testing with and without the insert disks. These and other variables attribute to the wide differences in reactivity. More standardization and controls in the test protocol, along with further testing and improvements, are recommended. It is hoped that the insight and observations of the NASA independent assessment (IA) team will provide useful support and discussions for improving the standard test method that is used for ambient pressure LOX impact testing. C1 [Ross, H. R.] NASA, Res JV A2, SSC, Gas & Mat Sci, Bldg 81000, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Gentz, S. J.] NASA, Engn & Safety Ctr NESC, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Ross, HR (reprint author), NASA, Res JV A2, SSC, Gas & Mat Sci, Bldg 81000, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7637-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2016 VL 1596 BP 109 EP 136 DI 10.1520/STP159620150072 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BF9TS UT WOS:000385898100007 ER PT S AU Harper, SA Juarez, A Peralta, SF Stoltzfus, J Arpin, CP Beeson, HD AF Harper, Susana A. Juarez, Alfredo Peralta, Stephen F. Stoltzfus, Joel Arpin, Christina Pina Beeson, Harold D. BE Davis, SE Steinberg, TA TI An Improved Approach for Analyzing the Oxygen Compatibility of Solvents and Other Oxygen-Flammable Materials for Use in Oxygen Systems SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres CY APR 13-15, 2016 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres DE materials selection; oxygen compatibility; oxygen flammability; solvent; cleaning solvent; gaseous oxygen; ASTM G86; ASTM G72; ASTM G63; ASTM D240 AB Solvents used to clean oxygen system components must be assessed for oxygen compatibility because incompatible residue or fluid inadvertently left behind within an oxygen system can pose a flammability risk. The most recent approach focused on solvent ignition susceptibility to assess the flammability risk associated with these materials. Previous evaluations included ambient pressure liquid oxygen (LOX) mechanical impact testing (ASTM G86) and autogenous ignition temperature (AIT) testing (ASTM G72). The goal in this approach was to identify a solvent material that was not flammable in oxygen. As environmental policies restrict the available options of acceptable solvents, it has proven difficult to identify one that is not flammable in oxygen. A more rigorous oxygen compatibility approach is needed in an effort to select a new solvent for NASA applications. NASA's White Sands Test Facility proposed an approach that acknowledges oxygen flammability yet selects solvent materials based on their relative oxygen compatibility ranking, similar to that described in ASTM G63-99. Solvents are selected based on their ranking with respect to minimal ignition susceptibility, damage, and propagation potential, as well as their relative ranking when compared with other solvent materials that are successfully used in oxygen systems. Based on these comparisons, in which solvents exhibited properties within those ranges seen with proven oxygen system materials, it is believed that Solstice PF, L-14780, and Vertrel MCA would perform well with respect to oxygen compatibility. C1 [Harper, Susana A.; Peralta, Stephen F.; Stoltzfus, Joel; Arpin, Christina Pina; Beeson, Harold D.] NASA, Mat & Component Labs Off, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. [Juarez, Alfredo] NASA, Jacobs Technol, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. RP Harper, SA (reprint author), NASA, Mat & Component Labs Off, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7637-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2016 VL 1596 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.1520/STP159620150087 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BF9TS UT WOS:000385898100008 ER PT S AU Tylka, JM Gallus, TD AF Tylka, Jonathan M. Gallus, Timothy D. BE Davis, SE Steinberg, TA TI Auto Ignition Temperature Test Chamber Fire Investigation SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres CY APR 13-15, 2016 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres DE G72/G72M-09; autogenous ignition temperature; failure analysis; fire investigation AB During routine auto ignition temperature (AIT) testing of a solvent at the NASA White Sands Test Facility (WSTF), a fire breached the test system. The sample being tested was 99 % dodecane (C12). It was exposed to a test atmosphere of 15.7 MPa gas, meeting aviator's breathing oxygen (ABO) specifications (>= 99.5 % O-2). During testing, a metal fire occurred, resulting in multiple breaches of the test system. During the event, the chamber pressure transducer mechanically burst, indicating a pressure increase of at least 159 MPa/s. This fire represented the first AIT system breach in 30 years of testing at WSTF. An investigation was undertaken to determine the cause of the breach and to propose countermeasures to prevent future mishaps. A proposed ignition scenario is presented along with an approach for preventing future incidents. C1 [Tylka, Jonathan M.; Gallus, Timothy D.] NASA, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. RP Tylka, JM (reprint author), NASA, White Sands Test Facil, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7637-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2016 VL 1596 BP 234 EP 245 DI 10.1520/STP159620150075 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BF9TS UT WOS:000385898100012 ER PT S AU Juarez, A Harper, SA Perez, H AF Juarez, Alfredo Harper, Susana A. Perez, Horacio BE Davis, SE Steinberg, TA TI Evaluation of Containment Boxes as a Fire Mitigation Method in Elevated Oxygen Conditions SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres CY APR 13-15, 2016 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres DE avionics box; configuration flammability; gaseous oxygen; liquid solvents; volatility AB NASA performed testing to evaluate the efficacy of fire containment boxes without forced ventilation. Configurational flammability testing was performed on a simulation avionics box replicating critical design features and filled with materials possessing representative flammability characteristics. This paper discusses the box's ability, under simulated end-use conditions, to inhibit the propagation of combustion to surrounding materials. Analysis was also performed to evaluate the potential for the fire containment box to serve as an overheat/ignition source to temperature sensitive equipment (such as items with lithium-ion batteries). Unrealistically severe combustion scenarios were used as a means to better understand the fire containment mechanism. These scenarios were achieved by utilizing materials/fuels not typically used in space vehicles due to flammability concerns. Oxygen depletion, during combustion within the fire containment boxes, drove self-extinguishment and proved an effective method of fire containment. C1 [Juarez, Alfredo] White Sands Test Facil, Jacobs Engn, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. [Harper, Susana A.] White Sands Test Facil RF111, NASA, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. [Perez, Horacio] Johnson Space Ctr, Lockheed Martin, Mat & Proc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Juarez, A (reprint author), White Sands Test Facil, Jacobs Engn, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7637-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2016 VL 1596 BP 363 EP 373 DI 10.1520/STP159620150079 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BF9TS UT WOS:000385898100020 ER PT S AU Harper, SA Juarez, A Perez, H Hirsch, DB Beeson, HD AF Harper, Susana A. Juarez, Alfredo Perez, Horacio, III Hirsch, David B. Beeson, Harold D. BE Davis, SE Steinberg, TA TI Oxygen Partial Pressure and Oxygen Concentration Flammability: Can They Be Correlated? SO FLAMMABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF MATERIALS IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES: 14TH VOL SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres CY APR 13-15, 2016 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASTM Int Comm G04 Compatibil & Sensitiv Mat Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres DE partial pressure; gaseous oxygen; maximum oxygen concentration (MOC); normoxic; flammability; elevated oxygen; enriched oxygen; NASA Standard 6001 Test 1; propagation rate AB NASA possesses a large quantity of flammability data performed in International Space Station (ISS) airlock (30 % Oxygen 526 mmHg) and ISS cabin (24.1 % Oxygen 760 mmHg) conditions. As new programs develop, other oxygen and pressure conditions emerge. In an effort to apply existing data, the question arises: Do equivalent oxygen partial pressures perform similarly with respect to flammability? This paper evaluates how material flammability performance is impacted from both the maximum oxygen concentration (MOC) and maximum total pressures (MTP) perspectives. From these studies, oxygen partial pressures can be compared for both the MOC and MTP methods to determine the role of partial pressure in material flammability. This evaluation also assesses the influence of other variables on flammability performance. The findings presented in this paper suggest flammability is more dependent on oxygen concentration than equivalent partial pressure. C1 [Harper, Susana A.; Beeson, Harold D.] NASA White Sands Test Facil, Mat & Component Testing Labs Off, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. [Juarez, Alfredo; Hirsch, David B.] NASA White Sands Test Facil, NASA Test & Evaluat Contract, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. [Perez, Horacio, III] Lockheed Martin, 2625 Bay Area Blvd,800, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Harper, SA (reprint author), NASA White Sands Test Facil, Mat & Component Testing Labs Off, 12600 NASA Rd, Las Cruces, NM 88012 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7637-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2016 VL 1596 BP 413 EP 427 DI 10.1520/STP159620150081 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BF9TS UT WOS:000385898100024 ER PT S AU Galante, JM Van Eepoel, J D'Souza, C Patrick, B AF Galante, Joseph M. Van Eepoel, John D'Souza, Chris Patrick, Bryan BE Chart, DA TI FAST KALMAN FILTERING FOR RELATIVE SPACECRAFT POSITION AND ATTITUDE ESTIMATION FOR THE RAVEN ISS HOSTED PAYLOAD SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc ID REPRESENTATIONS AB The Raven ISS Hosted Payload will feature several pose measurement sensors on a pan/tilt gimbal which will be used to autonomously track resupply vehicles as they approach and depart the International Space Station. This paper discusses the derivation of a Relative Navigation Filter (RNF) to fuse measurements from the different pose measurement sensors to produce relative position and attitude estimates. The RNF relies on relative translation and orientation kinematics and careful pose sensor modeling to eliminate dependence on orbital position information and associated orbital dynamics models. The filter state is augmented with sensor biases to provide a mechanism for the filter to estimate and mitigate the offset between the measurements from different pose sensors. C1 [Galante, Joseph M.; Van Eepoel, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Attitude Control & Estimat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [D'Souza, Chris] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, GN&C Autonomous Flight Syst Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Patrick, Bryan] Emergent Space Technol, 6411 Ivy Lane, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Galante, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Attitude Control & Estimat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM joseph.m.galante@nasa.gov; john.m.vaneepoel@nasa.gov; chris.dsouza-1@nasa.gov; bryan.a.patrick@nasa.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 179 EP 196 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100016 ER PT S AU Hunter, DJ Schatzel, DF Tang, A Fadler, S Egitto, FD Schwartz-Bowling, A Driver, N AF Hunter, Don J. Schatzel, Don F. Tang, Adrian Fadler, Steve Egitto, Frank D. Schwartz-Bowling, Amanda Driver, Neal BE Chart, DA TI CONCEIVE, BELIEVE AND ACHIEVE; A PATH TO MINIATURIZATION, COTS INFUSION, AND SIZE WEIGHT AND POWER REALIZATION FOR FLIGHT SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB JPL along with other aerospace agencies such as the US Air Force Space Programs [A] and a packaging technology innovator, i3 Electronics, Inc., are evaluating the use of state-of-the-art (SOA) commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and alternative packaging technologies for future high performance and high reliability space applications. Utilization of SOA COTS technologies have resulted in large scale reduction in electronics volume, weight, power, cost and schedule with outstanding electrical performance and high reliability. We will share JPL's joint design, architectural approach, alternative substrate materials selection, associated processes, and mission assurance role in identifying reliability and qualification risks, as part of the three year Heterogeneous Packaging/Device Integration effort under the guidance and leadership of JPL's Mission Assurance Directorate [B]. C1 [Hunter, Don J.] Jet Prop Lab, Adv Packaging Engn, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schatzel, Don F.] Jet Prop Lab, Instrument Detectors & Camera Syst, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tang, Adrian] Jet Prop Lab, RF Adv Technol, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fadler, Steve] I3 Elect Inc, 1701 North St, Endicott, NY 13760 USA. [Egitto, Frank D.; Schwartz-Bowling, Amanda] I3 Elect Inc, Res & Dev, 1701 North St, Endicott, NY 13760 USA. [Driver, Neal] I3 Elect Inc, Mil & High End Comp, 1701 North St, Endicott, NY 13760 USA. RP Hunter, DJ (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Adv Packaging Engn, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 261 EP 272 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100022 ER PT S AU Burton, R Weston, S Agasid, E AF Burton, Roland Weston, Sasha Agasid, Elwood BE Chart, DA TI STATE OF THE ART IN GUIDANCE NAVIGATION AND CONTROL: A SURVEY OF SMALL SATELLITE GNC COMPONENTS SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc ID SPACECRAFT AB This paper provides a summary of current state of the art components and technologies that are used for Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) of small spacecraft. The current state of the art for small spacecraft GNC performance is 1.5m onboard orbital position accuracy using GPS and pointing to better than 0.1 degrees using a combination of reaction wheels, MEMS gyros and a star tracker. Component technology for Earth orbiting missions is mature and all key GNC components are available at TRL 9 from a variety of vendors. Components for deep space small spacecraft missions are relatively immature but are expected to reach high TRL within the next two to three years. Innovation in GNC is focused on miniaturization of existing technology and the development of single vendor integrated attitude determination and control units. This paper is based on the GNC chapter of the NASA Small Spacecraft Technology State of the Art report. C1 [Burton, Roland] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Millennium Engn Serv, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Burton, Roland] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Integrat Serv, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Weston, Sasha] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SGT Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Agasid, Elwood] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Burton, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Millennium Engn Serv, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Burton, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Integrat Serv, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 273 EP 282 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100023 ER PT S AU Klesh, AT Wolf, A AF Klesh, Andrew T. Wolf, Aron BE Chart, DA TI NO LONGER TUMBLING: GNC CAPABILITIES OF TODAY'S CUBESATS SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB Over the last 15 years, NanoSpacecraft have grown remarkably in capability while early technical demonstrations utilized passive magnetic control, or tumbled freely, today's CubeSats are able to maintain 3-axis stabilization, point precisely, and even perform propulsive maneuvers. In this paper a brief discussion of current attitude determination and control capabilities is provided, as well as the possibilities for small spacecraft to maneuver. One mission taking advantage of these capabilities is MarCO (Mars Cube One), which will independently cruise to Mars in support of the InSight mission. Here we provide some description of the mission as they relate to GNC. C1 [Klesh, Andrew T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mission Formulat & Syst Engn, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wolf, Aron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Guidance & Control, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Klesh, AT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mission Formulat & Syst Engn, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 283 EP 293 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100024 ER PT S AU Yang-Scharlotta, JY Guertin, SM AF Yang-Scharlotta, Jean Y. Guertin, Steven M. BE Chart, DA TI RECENT ADVANCES IN COMMERCIAL MEMORIES AND POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION TO GN&C MINIATURIZATION SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The last few years have seen a surge in technology, device, and architecture introductions in commercial memories such as DRAM and NAND driven by the explosion of handheld and portable electronics. Some of the resultant devices provide high density in very small and light packages, which may be possible to leverage for the miniaturization of future GN&C systems in addition to providing considerable memory capacity to enable advanced capabilities such as image-based navigation or adaptive/autonomous operations. We will show that these advanced DRAM and NAND technologies are worth serious consideration for the next generation of GN&C needs by highlighting reliability and radiation effects results from some of these devices. C1 [Yang-Scharlotta, Jean Y.; Guertin, Steven M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Component Engn & Assurance, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Yang-Scharlotta, JY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Component Engn & Assurance, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 303 EP 313 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100026 ER PT S AU Bauer, F Miller, J Oria, AJ Parker, J AF Bauer, Frank Miller, James Oria, A. J. Parker, Joel BE Chart, DA TI ACHIEVING GNSS COMPATIBILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY TO SUPPORT SPACE USERS SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The development of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as the Russian GLONASS, the European Galileo, and China's BeiDou, is resulting in new capabilities available for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) in orbit. This paper reviews on-going efforts to implement U.S. PNT policy and engage international partners in the pursuit of compatibility and interoperability among these systems. One of the objectives is to develop a multi-GNSS Space Service Volume (SSV) to support space users between Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and GeoSynchronous Orbit (GEO), and eventually also into Cislunar space. Key international engagements include bilateral discussions, such as those that led to the 2004 U.S.-European Union Agreement on GPS-Galileo Cooperation, and also on-going multilateral discussions at venues such the United Nations International Committee on GNSS (ICG) and GNSS Provider's Forum. Benefits to space users will include improved capabilities for on-board autonomous PNT and better resilience to potential disruptions to the signals broadcast by any one of these GNSS constellations. C1 [Bauer, Frank] FBauer Aerosp Consulting Serv, 1804 Hopefield Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. [Miller, James] NASA HQ, SCaN, Policy & Strateg Commun, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Oria, A. J.] Overlook Syst Technol Inc, 1950 Old Gallows Rd,Suite 400, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. [Parker, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bauer, F (reprint author), FBauer Aerosp Consulting Serv, 1804 Hopefield Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 317 EP 328 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100027 ER PT S AU Parker, JJK Valdez, JE Bauer, FH Moreau, MC AF Parker, Joel J. K. Valdez, Jennifer E. Bauer, Frank H. Moreau, Michael C. BE Chart, DA TI USE AND PROTECTION OF GPS SIDELOBE SIGNALS FOR ENHANCED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE IN HIGH EARTH ORBIT SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The application of the Global Positioning System (GPS) for navigation of spacecraft in High and Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (HEO/GEO) has crossed a threshold and is now being employed in operational missions. Utilizing advanced GPS receivers optimized for these missions, space users have made extensive use of the sidelobe transmissions from the GPS satellites to realize navigation performance that far exceeds that predicted by pre-launch simulations. Unfortunately, the official specification for the GPS Space Service Volume (SSV), developed in 2006, assumes that only signals emanating from the main beam of the GPS transmit antenna are useful for navigation, which greatly under-estimates the number of signals available for navigation purposes. As a result, future high-altitude space users may be vulnerable to any GPS design changes that suppress the sidelobe transmissions, beginning with Block HE space vehicles (SVs) 11-32. This paper presents proposed changes to the GPS system SSV requirements, as informed by data from recent experiments in the SSV and new mission applications that are enabled by GPS navigation in HEO/GEO regimes. The NASA/NOAA GOES-R series satellites are highlighted as an example of a mission that relies on this currently-unspecified GPS system performance to meet mission requirements. C1 [Parker, Joel J. K.; Moreau, Michael C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Valdez, Jennifer E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 596,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bauer, Frank H.] FBauer Aerosp Consulting Serv, 1804 Hopefield Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. RP Parker, JJK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 329 EP 341 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100028 ER PT S AU Winternitz, LB Bamford, WA Price, SR Carpenter, JR Long, AC Farahmand, M AF Winternitz, Luke B. Bamford, William A. Price, Samuel R. Carpenter, J. Russell Long, Anne C. Farahmand, Mitra BE Chart, DA TI GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM NAVIGATION ABOVE 76,000 KM FOR NASA'S MAGNETOSPHERIC MULTISCALE MISSION SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, launched in March of 2015, consists of a controlled formation of four spin-stabilized spacecraft in similar highly elliptic orbits reaching apogee at radial distances of 12 and 25 Earth radii (RE) in the first and second phases of the mission. Navigation for MMS is achieved independently on-board each spacecraft by processing Global Positioning System (GPS) observables using NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)'s Navigator GPS receiver and the Goddard Enhanced Onboard Navigation System (GEONS) extended Kalman filter software. To our knowledge, MMS constitutes, by far, the highest-altitude operational use of GPS to date and represents a high point of over a decade of high-altitude GPS navigation research and development at GSFC. In this paper we will briefly describe past and ongoing high-altitude GPS research efforts at NASA GSFC and elsewhere, provide details on the design of the MMS GPS navigation system, and present on-orbit performance data from the first phase. We extrapolate these results to predict performance in the second phase orbit, and conclude with a discussion of the implications of the MMS results for future high-altitude GPS navigation, which we believe to be broad and far-reaching. C1 [Winternitz, Luke B.; Price, Samuel R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Components & Hardware Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bamford, William A.] Emergent Space Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Carpenter, J. Russell] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Long, Anne C.; Farahmand, Mitra] Ai Solut Inc, 4500 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Winternitz, LB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Components & Hardware Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 379 EP 392 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100032 ER PT S AU Jackman, CD Nelson, DS Owen, WM Buie, MW Stern, SA Weaver, HA Young, LA Ennico, K Olkin, CB AF Jackman, Coralie D. Nelson, Derek S. Owen, William M., Jr. Buie, Marc W. Stern, S. Alan Weaver, Harold A. Young, Leslie A. Ennico, Kimberly Olkin, Catherine B. BE Chart, DA TI NEW HORIZONS OPTICAL NAVIGATION ON APPROACH TO PLUTO SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc ID IMAGER AB The navigation of the New Horizons spacecraft on approach to Pluto has required an extensive set of data products, including those derived from optical observation. Due to the relatively large a priori uncertainties of the spacecraft ephemeris with respect to the Pluto system, optical navigation has played a critical role in decreasing the body-relative errors and enabling a successful flyby. Key functions of the New Horizons optical navigation process include extensive image planning and processing, stellar and planetary modeling, attitude determination, and star and planetary body centroiding. This paper presents how these functions enabled the successful navigation of New Horizons' flyby of the Pluto system. C1 [Jackman, Coralie D.; Nelson, Derek S.] KinetX Inc, Space Nav & Flight Dynam Practice, 123 W Easy St, Simi Valley, CA 93065 USA. [Owen, William M., Jr.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Buie, Marc W.; Stern, S. Alan; Young, Leslie A.; Olkin, Catherine B.] Southwest Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Weaver, Harold A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Ennico, Kimberly] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Jackman, CD (reprint author), KinetX Inc, Space Nav & Flight Dynam Practice, 123 W Easy St, Simi Valley, CA 93065 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 463 EP 474 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100037 ER PT S AU Wright, CA Van Eepoel, J Liounis, A Shoemaker, M DeWeese, K Getzandanner, K AF Wright, Cinnamon A. Van Eepoel, John Liounis, Andrew Shoemaker, Michael DeWeese, Keith Getzandanner, Kenneth BE Chart, DA TI RELATIVE TERRAIN IMAGING NAVIGATION (RETINA) TOOL FOR THE ASTEROID REDIRECT ROBOTIC MISSION (ARRM) SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB As a part of the NASA initiative to collect a boulder off of an asteroid and return it to Lunar orbit, the Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office (SSCO) and NASA GSFC are developing an on-board relative terrain imaging navigation algorithm for the Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission (ARRM). After performing several flybys and dry runs to verify and refine the shape, spin, and gravity models and obtain centimeter level imagery, the spacecraft will descend to the surface of the asteroid to capture a boulder and return it to Lunar Orbit. The algorithm implements Stereophotoclinometry methods to register landmarks with images taken onboard the spacecraft, and use these measurements to estimate the position and orientation of the spacecraft with respect to the asteroid. This paper will present an overview of the ARRM GN&C system and concept of operations as well as a description of the algorithm and its implementation. These techniques will be demonstrated for the descent to the surface of the proposed asteroid of interest, 2008 EV5, and preliminary results will be shown. C1 [Wright, Cinnamon A.; Liounis, Andrew; Getzandanner, Kenneth] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Code 595, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Van Eepoel, John; DeWeese, Keith] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Attitude Control Syst Engn Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Shoemaker, Michael] Ai Solut Inc, 10001 Derekwood Lane,Suite 215, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Wright, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Nav & Mission Design Branch, Code 595, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 475 EP 487 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100038 ER PT S AU Antreasian, PG Moreau, M Jackman, C Williams, K Page, B Leonard, JM AF Antreasian, P. G. Moreau, M. Jackman, C. Williams, K. Page, B. Leonard, J. M. BE Chart, DA TI OSIRIS-REX ORBIT DETERMINATION COVARIANCE STUDIES AT BENNU SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The Origins Spectral Interpretation Resource Identification Security Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission is a NASA New Frontiers mission launching in 2016 to rendezvous with the small, Earth-crossing asteroid (101955) Bennu in late 2018, ultimately returning a sample of regolith to Earth. Approximately three months before the encounter with Bennu, the asteroid becomes detectable in the narrow field PolyCam imager. The spacecraft's rendezvous with Bennu begins with a series of four Asteroid Approach Maneuvers, slowing the spacecraft's speed relative to Bennu beginning two and a half months prior to closest approach, ultimately delivering the spacecraft to a point 18 km from Bennu in Nov, 2018. An extensive campaign of proximity operations activities to characterize the properties of Bennu and select a suitable sample site will follow. This paper will discuss the challenges of navigating near a small 500-m diameter asteroid. The navigation at close proximity is dependent on the accurate mathematical model or digital terrain map of the asteroid's shape. Predictions of the spacecraft state are very sensitive to spacecraft small forces, solar radiation pressure, and mis-modeling of Bennu's gravity field. Uncertainties in the physical parameters of the central body Bennu create additional challenges. The navigation errors are discussed and their impact on science planning will be presented. C1 [Antreasian, P. G.; Jackman, C.; Williams, K.; Page, B.; Leonard, J. M.] KinetX Inc, Space Nav & Flight Dynam Practice, 21 W Easy St,Suite 108, Simi Valley, CA 93065 USA. [Moreau, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Antreasian, PG (reprint author), KinetX Inc, Space Nav & Flight Dynam Practice, 21 W Easy St,Suite 108, Simi Valley, CA 93065 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 591 EP 605 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100047 ER PT S AU Getzandanner, K Rowlands, D Mazarico, E Antreasian, P Jackman, C Moreau, M AF Getzandanner, Kenneth Rowlands, David Mazarico, Erwan Antreasian, Peter Jackman, Coralie Moreau, Michael BE Chart, DA TI AN INDEPENDENT ORBIT DETERMINATION SIMULATION FOR THE OSIRIS-REX ASTEROID SAMPLE RETURN MISSION SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB After arriving at the near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu in late 2018, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft will execute a series of observation campaigns and orbit phases to accurately characterize Bennu and ultimately collect a sample of pristine regolith from it's surface. While in the vicinity of Bennu, the OSIRIS-REx navigation team will rely on a combination of ground-based radiometric tracking data and optical navigation (OpNav) images to generate and deliver precision orbit determination products. Long before arrival at Bennu, the navigation team is performing multiple orbit determination simulations and thread tests to verify navigation performance and ensure interfaces between multiple software suites function properly. In this paper, we summarize the results of an independent orbit determination simulation of the Orbit B phase of the mission performed to test the interface between the OpNav image processing and orbit determination software packages. C1 [Getzandanner, Kenneth; Moreau, Michael] NASA, GSFC, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rowlands, David; Mazarico, Erwan] NASA, GSFC, Code 698,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Antreasian, Peter; Jackman, Coralie] KinetX Space Flight Dynam Practice, 21 West Easy St, Simi Valley, CA 93065 USA. RP Getzandanner, K (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Code 595,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 629 EP 642 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100049 ER PT S AU Hesar, SG Scheeres, DJ McMahon, JW Takahashi, Y AF Hesar, Siamak G. Scheeres, Daniel J. McMahon, Jay W. Takahashi, Yu BE Chart, DA TI SURFACE PROXIMITY GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ANALYSIS OF THE ASTEROID 433 EROS SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc ID POLYHEDRON AB Regular spherical harmonics representation of the gravitational field of an object is not accurate within a circumscribing sphere of the body of mass, called the Brillouin sphere. This is a major issue in modeling the gravitational field of asteroids and comets with significant non-spherical shapes, as certain regions in the close proximity of the surface of such objects fall well within the Brillouin sphere. We implement a so called "interior" spherical harmonics expansion to model the surface proximity gravitational field of the asteroid 433 Eros. This model is shown to be able to accurately represent the gravitational field of an object in the close proximity of its surface. However, estimating the coefficients of such model is challenging. This work studies the feasibility of estimating the coefficients of an interior gravity field via orbit determination. The paper presents the expected level of the estimation precision and characterizes the effect of the size of the field radius on the estimation performance. C1 [Hesar, Siamak G.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Scheeres, Daniel J.; McMahon, Jay W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Takahashi, Yu] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Takahashi, Yu] Jet Prop Lab, Mission Design & Nav Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hesar, SG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 643 EP 654 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100050 ER PT S AU Reeves, DM Mazanek, DD Cichy, BD Broschart, SB DeWeese, KD AF Reeves, David M. Mazanek, Daniel D. Cichy, Ben D. Broschart, Stephen B. DeWeese, Keith D. BE Chart, DA TI ASTEROID REDIRECT MISSION PROXIMITY OPERATIONS FOR REFERENCE TARGET ASTEROID 2008 EV5 SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc ID SPACECRAFT; TRACTOR AB NASA's Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) is composed of two segments, the Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission (ARRM), and the Asteroid Redirect Crewed Mission (ARCM). In March of 2015, NASA selected the Robotic Boulder Capture Option(1) as the baseline for the ARRM. This option will capture a multi-ton boulder, (typically 2-4 meters in size) from the surface of a large (greater than similar to 100 m diameter) Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) and return it to cis-lunar space for subsequent human exploration during the ARCM. Further human and robotic missions to the asteroidal material would also be facilitated by its return to cis lunar space. In addition, prior to departing the asteroid, the Asteroid Redirect Vehicle (ARV) will perform a demonstration of the Enhanced Gravity Tractor (EGT) planetary defense technique.(2) This paper will discuss the proximity operations which have been broken into three phases: Approach and Characterization, Boulder Capture, and Planetary Defense Demonstration. Each of these phases has been analyzed for the ARRM reference target, 2008 EV5, and a detailed baseline operations concept has been developed. C1 [Reeves, David M.; Mazanek, Daniel D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr E402, 1 N Dryden St,MS 462, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Cichy, Ben D.] ASRC Inc, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Broschart, Stephen B.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [DeWeese, Keith D.] NASA, SSCO, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Reeves, DM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr E402, 1 N Dryden St,MS 462, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 655 EP 666 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100051 ER PT S AU Kennedy, BM Bradley, N Han, D Karimi, R Mastrodemos, N Rush, B Takahashi, Y AF Kennedy, Brian M. Bradley, Nicholas Han, Dongsuk Karimi, Reza Mastrodemos, Nickolaos Rush, Brian Takahashi, Yu BE Chart, DA TI DETERMINATION OF CERES PHYSICAL PARAMETERS USING RADIOMETRIC AND OPTICAL DATA SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc ID VESTA; DAWN AB The Dawn spacecraft was launched on September 27th, 2007. Its mission is to rendezvous with and observe the two largest bodies in the main asteroid belt, Vesta and Ceres. It has completed over a year's worth of direct observations of Vesta from early 2011 through late 2012. In the spring of 2015, the Dawn spacecraft entered orbit around the asteroid Ceres for the start of what is expected to be more than a year of science operations. The science data collected from this encounter consist of infrared (IR) images and spectra, visible images through a number of color filters, gamma ray detections and measurements of the Ceres gravity field. These data will be collected during several science phases: an Approach phase (1500000-4860 km from Ceres), a Survey orbit (4860 km radius), a High Altitude Mapping Orbit (HAMO) (1940 km radius) and a Low Altitude Mapping Orbit (LAMO) (855 km radius). The Approach phase included three Rotational Characterization (RC) opportunities. C1 [Kennedy, Brian M.; Bradley, Nicholas; Han, Dongsuk; Karimi, Reza; Mastrodemos, Nickolaos; Rush, Brian; Takahashi, Yu] CALTECH, Nav Sect, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kennedy, BM (reprint author), CALTECH, Nav Sect, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 679 EP 694 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100053 ER PT S AU Gutkowski, JP Dawn, TF Jedrey, RM AF Gutkowski, Jeffrey P. Dawn, Timothy F. Jedrey, Richard M. BE Chart, DA TI EVOLUTION OF ORION MISSION DESIGN FOR EXPLORATION MISSION 1 AND 2 SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The evolving mission design and concepts of NASA's next steps have shaped Orion into the spacecraft that it is today. Since the initial inception of Orion, through the Constellation Program, and now in the Exploration Mission framework with the Space Launch System (SLS), each mission design concept and pro-gram goal have left Orion with a set of capabilities that can be utilized in many different mission types. Exploration Missions 1 and 2 (EM-1 and EM-2) have now been at the forefront of the mission design focus for the last several years. During that time, different Design Reference Missions (DRMs) were built, analyzed, and modified to solve or mitigate enterprise level design trades to ensure a viable mission from launch to landing. The resulting DRMs for EM 1 and EM-2 were then expanded into multi-year trajectory scans to characterize vehicle performance as affected by variations in Earth-Moon geometry. This provides Orion's subsystems with stressing reference trajectories to help design their system. Now that Orion has progressed through the Preliminary and Critical Design Reviews (PDR and CDR), there is a general shift in the focus of mission design from aiding the vehicle design to providing mission specific products needed for pre-flight and real time operations. Some of the mission specific products needed include, large quantities of nominal trajectories for multiple monthly launch periods and abort options at any point in the mission for each valid trajectory in the launch window. C1 [Gutkowski, Jeffrey P.; Dawn, Timothy F.; Jedrey, Richard M.] NASA, EG Aerosci & Flight Mech, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Gutkowski, JP (reprint author), NASA, EG Aerosci & Flight Mech, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 697 EP 708 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100054 ER PT S AU Robinson, S Scarritt, S Goodman, JL AF Robinson, Shane Scarritt, Sara Goodman, John L. BE Chart, DA TI ENCKE-BETA PREDICTOR FOR ORION BURN TARGETING AND GUIDANCE SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The state vector prediction algorithm selected for Orion on-board targeting and guidance is known as the Encke-Beta method. Encke-Beta uses a universal anomaly (beta) as the independent variable, valid for circular, elliptical, parabolic, and hyperbolic orbits. The variable, related to the change in eccentric anomaly, results in integration steps that cover smaller arcs of the trajectory at or near perigee, when velocity is higher. Some burns in the EM-1 and EM-2 mission plans are much longer than burns executed with the Apollo and Space Shuttle vehicles. Burn length, as well as hyperbolic trajectories, has driven the use of the Encke-Beta numerical predictor by the predictor/corrector guidance algorithm in place of legacy analytic thrust and gravity integrals. C1 [Robinson, Shane; Scarritt, Sara] NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Goodman, John L.] Odyssey Space Res LLC, 1120 NASA Pkwy,Suite 505, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Robinson, S (reprint author), NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 709 EP 731 PG 23 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100055 ER PT S AU Odegard, R Goodman, JL Barrett, CP Pohlkamp, K Robinson, S AF Odegard, Ryan Goodman, John L. Barrett, Charles P. Pohlkamp, Kara Robinson, Shane BE Chart, DA TI ORION BURN MANAGEMENT, NOMINAL AND RESPONSE TO FAILURES SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB An approach for managing Orion on-orbit burn execution is described for nominal and failure response scenarios. The burn management strategy for Orion takes into account per-burn variations in targeting, timing, and execution; crew and ground operator intervention and overrides; defined burn failure triggers and responses; and corresponding on-board software sequencing functionality. Burn to-burn variations are managed through the identification of specific parameters that may be updated for each progressive burn. Failure triggers and automatic responses during the burn timeframe are defined to provide safety for the crew in the case of vehicle failures, along with override capabilities to ensure operational control of the vehicle. On-board sequencing software provides the timeline coordination for performing the required activities related to targeting, burn execution, and responding to burn failures. C1 [Odegard, Ryan] Charles Stark Draper Lab, Spacecraft GN&C & Mission Operat Grp, 17629 El Camino Real, Houston, TX 77578 USA. [Goodman, John L.] Odyssey Space Res LLC, 1120 NASA Pkwy,Suite 505, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Barrett, Charles P.] NASA, Flight Dynam Div, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Pohlkamp, Kara] NASA, Flight Dynam Div, Johnson Space Ctr, GNC Operat, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Robinson, Shane] NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Odegard, R (reprint author), Charles Stark Draper Lab, Spacecraft GN&C & Mission Operat Grp, 17629 El Camino Real, Houston, TX 77578 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 733 EP 743 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100056 ER PT S AU Kane, MA Wacker, R AF Kane, Mark A. Wacker, Roger BE Chart, DA TI ORION GN&C DETECTION AND MITIGATION OF PARACHUTE PENDULOSITY SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB New techniques being employed by Orion guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) using a reaction control system (RCS) under parachutes are described. Pendulosity refers to a pendulum-oscillatory mode that can occur during descent under main parachutes and that has been observed during Orion parachute drop tests. The pendulum mode reduces the ability of GN&C to maneuver the suspended vehicle resulting in undesirable increases to structural loads at touchdown. Parachute redesign efforts have been unsuccessful in reducing the pendulous behavior necessitating GN&C mitigation options. An observer has been developed to estimate the pendulum motion as well as the underlying wind velocity vector. Using this knowledge, the control system maneuvers the vehicle using two separate strategies determined by wind velocity magnitude and pendulum energy thresholds; at high wind velocities the vehicle is aligned with the wind direction and for cases with lower wind velocities and large pendulum amplitudes the vehicle is aligned such that it is perpendicular to the swing plane. Pendulum damping techniques using RCS thrusters are discussed but have not been selected for use onboard the Orion spacecraft. The observer and alignment techniques discussed in this paper will be flown on Exploration Mission 1 (EM-1). C1 [Kane, Mark A.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wacker, Roger] Lockheed Martin Corp, M-S H3B,POB 58487, Houston, TX 77258 USA. RP Kane, MA (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 745 EP 756 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100057 ER PT S AU Brown, D Weiler, D Flanary, R AF Brown, Denise Weiler, David Flanary, Ronald BE Chart, DA TI ORION GN&C FAULT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM VERIFICATION: SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB In order to ensure long-term ability to meet mission goals and to provide for the safety of the public, ground personnel, and any crew members, nearly all spacecraft include a fault management (FM) system. For a manned vehicle such as Orion, the safety of the crew is of paramount importance. The goal of the Orion Guidance, Navigation and Control (GN&C) fault management system is to detect, isolate, and respond to faults before they can result in harm to the human crew or loss of the spacecraft. Verification of fault management/fault protection capability is challenging due to the large number of possible faults in a complex spacecraft, the inherent unpredictability of faults, the complexity of interactions among the various spacecraft components, and the inability to easily quantify human reactions to failure scenarios. The Orion GN&C Fault Detection, Isolation, and Recovery (FDIR) team has developed a methodology for bounding the scope of FM system verification while ensuring sufficient coverage of the failure space and providing high confidence that the fault management system meets all safety requirements. The methodology utilizes a swarm search algorithm to identify failure cases that can result in catastrophic loss of the crew or the vehicle and rare event sequential Monte Carlo to verify safety and FDIR performance requirements. C1 [Brown, Denise] 1120 NASA Pkwy E,Suite 505, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Weiler, David] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Flanary, Ronald] Odyssey Space Res, 1120 NASA Pkwy E,Suite 505, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Brown, D (reprint author), 1120 NASA Pkwy E,Suite 505, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 757 EP 768 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100058 ER PT S AU Holt, GN Brown, A AF Holt, Greg N. Brown, Aaron BE Chart, DA TI ORION EXPLORATION FLIGHT TEST 1 (EFT-1) BEST ESTIMATED TRAJECTORY DEVELOPMENT SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The Orion Exploration Flight Test 1 (EFT-1) mission successfully flew on Dec 5, 2014 atop a Delta IV Heavy launch vehicle. The goal of Orions maiden flight was to stress the system by placing an uncrewed vehicle on a high-energy trajectory replicating conditions similar to those that would be experienced when returning from an asteroid or a lunar mission. The Orion navigation team combined all trajectory data from the mission into a Best Estimated Trajectory (BET) product. There were significant challenges in data reconstruction and many lessons were learned for future missions. The team used an estimation filter incorporating radar tracking, onboard sensors (Global Positioning System and Inertial Measurement Unit), and day-of-flight weather balloons to evaluate the true trajectory flown by Orion. Data was published for the entire Orion EFT-1 flight, plus objects jettisoned during entry such as the Forward Bay Cover. The BET customers include approximately 20 disciplines within Orion who will use the information for evaluating vehicle performance and influencing future design decisions. C1 [Holt, Greg N.] NASA, Flight Dynam Div, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code CM55,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Brown, Aaron] NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code EG6,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Holt, GN (reprint author), NASA, Flight Dynam Div, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code CM55,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM greg.n.holt@nasa.gov; aaron.j.brown@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 781 EP 792 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100060 ER PT S AU Sorgenfrei, M Stevenson, T Lightsey, EG AF Sorgenfrei, Matt Stevenson, Terry Lightsey, E. Glenn BE Chart, DA TI CONSIDERATIONS FOR OPERATION OF A DEEP SPACE NANOSATELLITE PROPULSION SYSTEM SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB A distinguishing feature of deep space CubeSats is that they require some form of propulsion system, either for orbital maneuvering operations, spacecraft momentum management, or both. However, the comparatively short lifecycle for these missions, combined with the mass and volume restrictions that are attendant with the CubeSat form factor, make the integration of propulsion systems one of the highest-risk aspects of the entire mission. There are a limited number of facilities around the country that can support accurate testing of thruster systems that generate milli-Newtons of thrust, and the cost associated with handling and transportation of traditional propellants can be prohibitive for many CubeSat mission budgets. As a result, many deep space CubeSats are considering propulsion systems that are either at a fairly low technology readiness level or which will be integrated after a truncated test campaign. This paper will describe the propulsion system architecture selected for the BioSentinel mission, a six-unit CubeSat under development at NASA Ames Research Center. Bio Sentinel requires a propulsion system to support detumble and momentum management operations, and this paper will discuss the integration of a third-party propulsion system with an Ames-built CubeSat, as well as the test campaign that is under-way for both quality control and requirements verification purposes. C1 [Sorgenfrei, Matt] NASA, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Stevenson, Terry; Lightsey, E. Glenn] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, 270 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Sorgenfrei, M (reprint author), NASA, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 811 EP 822 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100063 ER PT S AU Litchford, RJ AF Litchford, Ronald J. BE Chart, DA TI STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEEP SPACE TRANSPORT SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB Deep space transportation capability for science and exploration is fundamentally limited by available propulsion technologies. Traditional chemical systems are performance plateaued and require enormous Initial Mass in Low Earth Orbit (IMLEO) whereas solar electric propulsion systems are power limited and unable to execute rapid transits. Nuclear based propulsion and alternative energetic methods, on the other hand, represent potential avenues, perhaps the only viable avenues, to high specific power space transport evincing reduced trip time, reduced IMLEO, and expanded deep space reach. Here, key deep space transport mission capability objectives are reviewed in relation to STMD technology portfolio needs, and the advanced propulsion technology solution landscape is examined including open questions, technical challenges, and developmental prospects. Options for potential future investment across the full complement of STMD programs are presented based on an informed awareness of complimentary activities in industry, academia, OGAs, and NASA mission directorates. C1 [Litchford, Ronald J.] NASA Headquarters, Space Technol Miss Directorate, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Litchford, RJ (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Space Technol Miss Directorate, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 851 EP 857 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100066 ER PT S AU Boardman, J Cervantes, D Frazier, W AF Boardman, Joseph Cervantes, Daniel Frazier, William BE Chart, DA TI MOVING GEOLOCATION HOME FROM SPACE SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB Traditional space remote sensing systems invest large amounts of resources into ensuring that the space-based GN&C hardware and software supports essentially open-loop geolocation of imagery, based on precision attitude and ephemeris data, and numerous biases and correction factors, many of which must be constantly re-evaluated (e.g. alignments). Ground-based geolocation is typically assumed to be too risky, slow, and/or expensive to be considered anything but "Plan B", or an ancillary upgrade. However, with the ever-growing processing capabilities, current available ground software packages have made it possible to perform image orthorectification using only the image data (seeded with relatively course GN&C information), leveraging various feature recognition algorithms as an operationally-viable solution. Such algorithms have been developed of necessity for certain particular mission classes (e.g. small bodies and hosted payloads), and also have become commercially available for Earth applications. In this paper we evaluate the performance available from representative algorithms, and consider the implied system architecture trades of potentially foregoing the traditional high-performance GN&C solution altogether, in favor of currently-available ground processing. This can then become a mission-enabling strategy for low-cost Earth remote sensing missions such as NASA's Earth Ventures class. C1 [Boardman, Joseph] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, 4450 Arapahoe Ave,Suite 100, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Cervantes, Daniel; Frazier, William] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Boardman, J (reprint author), Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, 4450 Arapahoe Ave,Suite 100, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 861 EP 869 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100067 ER PT S AU Alvarez-Salazar, O Aldrich, J Filipe, N Allison, J Chung, SJ AF Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar Aldrich, Jack Filipe, Nuno Allison, James Chung, Soon-Jo BE Chart, DA TI STRAIN ACTUATED SOLAR-ARRAYS FOR PRECISION POINTING OF SPACECRAFT SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB Next generation telescopes for space exploration are being planned with unprecedented levels of pointing and wavefront stability as science enabling capabilities - i.e., sub-milli-arcsecond class pointing, and pico-meter class RMS wave-front error). Current methodologies for attaining these levels of stability are approaching the limit of what is possible with the use of isolation, intensive and risky structural dynamic tailoring, exquisite broad-band Attitude Control System (ACS) sensors and actuators, and ultra-precise fast steering mirrors commanded to compensate for pointing errors through feedback of camera measurements. This paper explores the benefits of using Strain Actuated Solar Arrays (SASA) - currently under Research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the University of Illinois Urbana Champagne - in new ACS architectures for applications requiring very tight precision pointing of a SC and on-board instrumentation. A strain actuated solar array has the following characteristics: (1) Strain actuation and sensing is distributed throughout the SA panels to obtain control authority and observability over the strain state of the SA enabling SA jitter control. (2) Large motion (up to 10 degrees or relative motion) strain based mechanisms are used in between SA panels and in between the SC and the solar array enables SC slewing and limited momentum management. (3) The mechanical (i.e., stiffness and configuration) and inertia/mass properties of the SA have been designed to optimize its ability to control its vibrations and the vibration and attitude of the host SC. This paper discusses ACS architectures that use the above SASA system while avoiding the use of the Reaction Wheel Actuator (RWA) during key science observation periods. The RWA being the dominant source of pointing jitter and wave front jitter in a telescope based observatory; hence, not flying RWAs amounts to not flying the main source of jitter! At least two architectures based on the SASA system are studied - one is an earth orbiter, the other is assumed to be in an L2 orbit. Simulation results for one of these cases are discussed along with what developments are needed going forward to enable the use of this technology. C1 [Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar; Aldrich, Jack; Filipe, Nuno] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, G&C Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Allison, James] Univ Illinois, Ind & Enterprise Syst Engn, 104 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Chung, Soon-Jo] Univ Illinois, Aerosp Engn, 104 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Alvarez-Salazar, O (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, G&C Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM osas@jpl.nasa.gov; jaldrich@jpl.nasa.gov; Nuno.Filipe@jpl.nasa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 929 EP 944 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100072 ER PT S AU Bellerose, J Nandi, S Roth, D Tarzi, Z Boone, D Criddle, K Ionasescu, R AF Bellerose, Julie Nandi, Sumita Roth, Duane Tarzi, Zahi Boone, Dylan Criddle, Kevin Ionasescu, Rodica BE Chart, DA TI CASSINI NAVIGATION: THE ROAD TO CONSISTENT SUB-KILOMETER ACCURACY SATELLITE ENCOUNTERS SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB This paper reviews the orbit determination performance for the last five years of the Cassini Mission Solstice Tour. During this period of time, Cassini had more than 30 satellite encounters, including Titan, Rhea, and Dione. We report on the navigational flyby accuracy, comparing post-flyby reconstructions and encounter predictions, and discuss the performance improvement and challenges over the years. Finally, we give an overview of the "Grand Finale" end of mission planned for 2017. C1 [Bellerose, Julie; Roth, Duane; Tarzi, Zahi; Boone, Dylan; Criddle, Kevin; Ionasescu, Rodica] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Cassini Nav Team, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Nandi, Sumita] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bellerose, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Cassini Nav Team, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 971 EP 984 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100075 ER PT S AU Gay, RS Holt, GN Zanetti, R AF Gay, Robert S. Holt, Greg N. Zanetti, Renato BE Chart, DA TI ORION EXPLORATION FLIGHT TEST-1 POST-FLIGHT NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT RELATIVE TO THE BEST ESTIMATED TRAJECTORY SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB This paper details the post-flight navigation performance assessment of the Orion Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Results of each flight phase are presented: Ground Align, Ascent, Orbit, and Entry Descent and Landing. This study examines the on-board Kalman Filter uncertainty along with state deviations relative to the Best Estimated Trajectory (BET). Overall the results show that the Orion Navigation System performed as well or better than expected. Specifically, the Global Positioning System (GPS) measurement availability was significantly better than anticipated at high altitudes. In addition, attitude estimation via processing GPS measurements along with Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data performed very well and maintained good attitude throughout the mission. C1 [Gay, Robert S.; Zanetti, Renato] NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, EG6,2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Holt, Greg N.] NASA, Flight Dynam Div, Johnson Space Ctr, CM55,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Gay, RS (reprint author), NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, EG6,2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 985 EP 997 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100076 ER PT S AU Frey, NP Davis, EP AF Frey, Nicholas P. Davis, Edward P. BE Chart, DA TI LAUNCH AND COMMISSIONING THE DEEP SPACE CLIMATE OBSERVATORY SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR), formerly known as Triana, successfully launched on February 11th, 2015. To date, each of the five spacecraft attitude control system (ACS) modes have been operating as expected and meeting all guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) requirements, although since launch, several anomalies were encountered. While unplanned, these anomalies have proven to be invaluable in developing a deeper understanding of the ACS, and drove the design of three alterations to the ACS task of the flight software (FSW). An overview of the GN&C subsystem hardware, including refurbishment, and ACS architecture are introduced, followed by a chronological discussion of key events, flight performance, as well as anomalies encountered by the GN&C team. C1 [Frey, Nicholas P.] NASA, Attitude Control Syst Engn Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 591, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Davis, Edward P.] NASA, Components & Hardware Syst Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 591, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Frey, NP (reprint author), NASA, Attitude Control Syst Engn Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 591, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 999 EP 1010 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100077 ER PT S AU Peters, S DeFlores, L Warner, N Litwin, T AF Peters, Stephen DeFlores, Lauren Warner, Noah Litwin, Todd BE Chart, DA TI CELESTIAL ASPECTS OF MARS SCIENCE LABORATORY CHEMCAM SUN-SAFETY SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB The Mars Science Laboratory ChemCam instrument is sensitive to the sun, has no sun cover, yet points in the same direction as other instruments that regularly image the sun for science observations and attitude determination. It is also re pointed as a side effect of mobility. Within a "sun-safe" focal range, the Chem Cam can tolerate the sun passively passing through its field of view at Mars rotation rate. It can also tolerate up to three minutes of repointing with the sun remaining within its field of view. In the "sun-unsafe" focal range used for Chem Cam observations, the sun must never be allowed to enter the ChemCam field of view. Since this applies even in the event of a system fault, ChemCam observations are only allowed in directions guaranteed to be "sun-free" for several sols of Mars rotation and orbital motion. The ChemCam is protected by flight software enforcement of sun safety constraints and by models of these constraints implemented within ground tools used in tactical operations. In addition, a special sun search strategy, guaranteeing ChemCam sun safety despite the lack of knowledge of the geometric relationship between the ChemCam boresight and the vector to the sun, had to be developed for initial attitude determination. C1 [Peters, Stephen] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Robot Operat Mobil & Robot Syst, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [DeFlores, Lauren] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Instrument Syst Engn, Instrument Syst Implementat & Concepts, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Warner, Noah] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Payload Syst Engn, Flight Syst Engn Integrat & Test, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Litwin, Todd] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Comp Vis, Mobil & Robot Syst, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Peters, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Robot Operat Mobil & Robot Syst, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 1011 EP 1021 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100078 ER PT S AU Christian, J Robinson, S AF Christian, John Robinson, Shane BE Chart, DA TI OBSERVATIONS ON THE GEOMETRY OF HORIZON-BASED OPTICAL NAVIGATION SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2016 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual American-Astronautical-Society Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY FEB 05-10, 2016 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc ID IMAGE AB NASA's Orion Project has sparked a renewed interest in horizon-based optical navigation (OPNAV) techniques for spacecraft in the Earth-Moon system. Some approaches have begun to explore the geometry of horizon-based OPNAV and exploit the fact that it is a conic section problem. Therefore, the present paper focuses more deeply on understanding and leveraging the various geometric interpretations of horizon-based OPNAV. These results provide valuable insight into the fundamental workings of OPNAV solution methods, their convergence properties, and associated estimate covariance. Most importantly, the geometry and transformations uncovered in this paper lead to a simple and non-iterative solution to the generic horizon-based OPNAV problem. This represents a significant theoretical advancement over existing methods. Thus, we find that a clear understanding of geometric relationships is central to the prudent design, use, and operation of horizon-based OPNAV techniques. C1 [Christian, John] West Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 395 Evansdale Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Robinson, Shane] NASA, Aerosci & Flight Mech Div, Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Christian, J (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 395 Evansdale Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-631-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2016 VL 157 BP 1031 EP 1042 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF9WA UT WOS:000385997100080 ER PT S AU Baumgartner, WH Christe, SD Ryan, DF Inglis, AR Shih, AY Gregory, K Wilson, M Seller, P Gaskin, J Wilson-Hodge, C AF Baumgartner, Wayne H. Christe, Steven D. Ryan, Daniel F. Inglis, Andrew R. Shih, Albert Y. Gregory, Kyle Wilson, Matt Seller, Paul Gaskin, Jessica Wilson-Hodge, Colleen BE Holland, AD Beletic, J TI The HEXITEC Hard X-ray Pixelated CdTe Imager for Fast Solar Observations SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-29, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE CdTe; X-ray detector; X-ray optics; X-ray imaging; focal plane array; the Sun; solar flares; hard X-rays; X-ray focusing optics; solid-state pixelated detectors ID SPECTROSCOPIC-IMAGER; DETECTORS; RHESSI; FLARES AB There is an increasing demand in solar and astrophysics for high resolution X-ray spectroscopic imaging. Such observations would present ground breaking opportunities to study the poorly understood high energy processes in our solar system and beyond, such as solar flares, X-ray binaries, and active galactic nuclei. However, such observations require a new breed of solid state detectors sensitive to high energy X-rays with fine independent pixels to sub-sample the point spread function (PSF) of the X-ray optics. For solar observations in particular, they must also be capable of handling very high count rates as photon fluxes from solar flares often cause pile up and saturation in present generation detectors. The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) has recently developed a new cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector system, called HEXITEC (High Energy X-ray Imaging Technology). It is an 80 x 80 array of 250 pm independent pixels sensitive in the 2-200 keV band and capable of a high full frame read out rate of 10 kHz. HEXITEC provides the smallest independently read out CdTe pixels currently available, and are well matched to the few arcsecond PSF produced by current and next generation hard X-ray focusing optics. NASA's Goddard and Marshall Space Flight Centers are collaborating with RAL to develop these detectors for use on future space borne hard X-ray focusing telescopes. We show the latest results on HEXITEC's imaging capability, energy resolution, high read out rate, and reveal it to be ideal for such future instruments. C1 [Baumgartner, Wayne H.; Christe, Steven D.; Ryan, Daniel F.; Inglis, Andrew R.; Shih, Albert Y.; Gregory, Kyle] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Baumgartner, Wayne H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Inglis, Andrew R.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Wilson, Matt; Seller, Paul] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, Oxford OX1 10QX, England. [Gaskin, Jessica; Wilson-Hodge, Colleen] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Christe, SD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM steven.christe@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9915 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PM UT WOS:000385793400041 ER PT S AU Bush, N Hall, D Holland, A Burgon, R Murray, N Gow, J Jordan, D Demers, R Harding, LK Nemati, B Hoenk, M Michaels, D Peddada, P AF Bush, Nathan Hall, David Holland, Andrew Burgon, Ross Murray, Neil Gow, Jason Jordan, Douglas Demers, Richard Harding, Leon K. Nemati, Bijan Hoenk, Michael Michaels, Darren Peddada, Pavani BE Holland, AD Beletic, J TI Cryogenic Irradiation of an EMCCD for the WFIRST Coronagraph: Preliminary Performance Analysis SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-29, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE WFIRST; CGI; coronagraph; EMCCD; CCD; radiation damage; cryogenic irradiation; silicon defects; annealing; displacement damage ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; CCD AB The Wide Field Infra-Red Survey Telescope (WFIRST) is a NASA observatory scheduled to launch in the next decade that will settle essential questions in exoplanet science. The Wide Field Instrument (WFI) offers Hubble quality imaging over a 0.28 square degree field of view and will gather NIR statistical data on exoplanets through gravitational microlensing. An on-board coronagraph will for the first time perform direct imaging and spectroscopic analysis of exoplanets with properties analogous to those within our own solar system, including cold Jupiters, mini Neptunes and potentially super Earths. The Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) will be required to operate with low signal flux for long integration times, demanding all noise sources are kept to a minimum. The Electron Multiplication (EM)-CCD has been baselined for both the imaging and spectrograph cameras due its ability to operate with sub-electron effective read noise values with appropriate multiplication gain setting. The presence of other noise sources, however, such as thermal dark signal and Clock Induced Charge (CIC), need to be characterized and mitigated. In addition, operation within a space environment will subject the device to radiation damage that will degrade the Charge Transfer Efficiency (CTE) of the device throughout the mission lifetime. Irradiation at the nominal instrument operating temperature has the potential to provide the best estimate of performance degradation that will be experienced in-flight, since the final population of silicon defects has been shown to be dependent upon the temperature at which the sensor is irradiated. Here we present initial findings from pre- and post- cryogenic irradiation testing of the e2v CCD201-20 BI EMCCD sensor, baselined for the WFIRST coronagraph instrument. The motivation for irradiation at cryogenic temperatures is discussed with reference to previous investigations of a similar nature. The results are presented in context with those from a previous room temperature irradiation investigation that was performed on a CCD201-20 operated under the same conditions. A key conclusion is that the measured performance degradation for a given proton fluence is seen to measurably differ for the cryogenic case compared to the room temperature equivalent for the conditions of this study. C1 [Bush, Nathan; Hall, David; Holland, Andrew; Burgon, Ross; Murray, Neil; Gow, Jason] Open Univ, Ctr Elect Imaging, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Jordan, Douglas] E2v Technol Plc, Waterhouse Lane, Chelmsford CM1 2QU, Essex, England. [Demers, Richard; Harding, Leon K.; Nemati, Bijan; Hoenk, Michael; Michaels, Darren; Peddada, Pavani] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bush, N (reprint author), Open Univ, Ctr Elect Imaging, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM nathan.bush@open.ac.uk NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9915 AR UNSP 99150A DI 10.1117/12.2234628 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PM UT WOS:000385793400008 ER PT S AU Kyne, G Hamden, ET Lingner, N Morrissey, P Nikzad, S Martin, C AF Kyne, Gillian Hamden, Erika T. Lingner, Nicole Morrissey, Patrick Nikzad, Shouleh Martin, Christopher BE Holland, AD Beletic, J TI The faint intergalactic-medium red-shifted emission balloon: future UV observations with EMCCDs SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-29, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE astronomical instrumentation; EMCCD; UV; dark current; CIC; photon counting AB We present the latest developments in our joint NASA/CNES suborbital project. This project is a balloon-borne UV multi-object spectrograph, which has been designed to detect faint emission from the circumgalactic medium (CGM) around low redshift galaxies. One major change from FIREBall-1 has been the use of a delta-doped Electron Multiplying CCD (EMCCD). EMCCDs can be used in photon-counting (PC) mode to achieve extremely low readout noise (i 1e(-)). Our testing initially focused on reducing clock-induced-charge (CIC) through wave shaping and well depth optimisation with the CCD Controller for Counting Photons (CCCP) from Nuvu. This optimisation also includes methods for reducing dark current, via cooling and substrate voltage adjustment. We present result of laboratory noise measurements including dark current. Furthermore, we will briefly present some initial results from our first set of on-sky observations using a delta-doped EMCCD on the 200 inch telescope at Palomar using the Palomar Cosmic Web Imager (PCWI). C1 [Kyne, Gillian; Hamden, Erika T.; Lingner, Nicole; Morrissey, Patrick; Martin, Christopher] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nikzad, Shouleh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kyne, G (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM gkyne@caltech.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9915 AR UNSP 991507 DI 10.1117/12.2232879 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PM UT WOS:000385793400006 ER PT S AU McMurtry, CW Dorn, M Cabrera, MS Pipher, JL Forrest, WJ Mainzer, AK Wong, A AF McMurtry, Craig W. Dorn, Meghan Cabrera, Mario S. Pipher, Judith L. Forrest, William J. Mainzer, Amy K. Wong, Andre BE Holland, AD Beletic, J TI Candidate 10 micron HgCdTe Arrays for the NEOCam Space Mission SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-29, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE NEOCam; infrared; detector; LWIR; HgCdTe; space telescope; astronomy; low background ID DETECTOR ARRAYS AB The Near Earth Object Camera (NEOCam, Mainzer et al. 2015) is one of five NASA Discovery Class mission experiments selected for Phase A: down-select to one or two experiments will take place late in 2016. NEOCam will survey the sky in search of asteroids and comets, particularly those close to the Earth's orbit. The NEOCam infrared telescope will have two infrared (IR) channels; one covering 4 to 5 microns, and one covering 6-10 microns. Both IR cameras will use multiple 2Kx2K pixel format HAWAII-2RG arrays with different cutoff wavelength HgCdTe detectors from Teledyne Imaging Sensors. Past development work by the University of Rochester with Teledyne Imaging Sensors and JPL (McMurtry et al. 2013, Dorn et al. 2016) focused upon bringing the 10 micron HgCdTe detector technology up to NASA TRL 6+. This work extends that development program to push the format from 1Kx1K to the larger 2Kx2K pixel array. We present results on the first 2Kx2K candidate 10 micron cutoff HgCdTe arrays, where we measured the dark current, read noise, and total noise. C1 [McMurtry, Craig W.; Dorn, Meghan; Cabrera, Mario S.; Pipher, Judith L.; Forrest, William J.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Mainzer, Amy K.; Wong, Andre] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 264-732,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP McMurtry, CW (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9915 AR UNSP 99150D DI 10.1117/12.2233537 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PM UT WOS:000385793400011 ER PT S AU Nemati, B Effinger, R Demers, R Harding, L Morrissey, P Bush, N Hall, D Skottfelt, J AF Nemati, Bijan Effinger, Robert Demers, Richard Harding, Leon Morrissey, Patrick Bush, Nathan Hall, David Skottfelt, Jesper BE Holland, AD Beletic, J TI The Effect of Radiation-Induced Traps on the WFIRST Coronagraph Detectors SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-29, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Coronagraph; Exoplanet; Detector; CCD; EMCCD AB The WFIRST Coronagraph will be the most sensitive instrument ever built for direct imaging and characterization of extra-solar planets. With a design contrast expected to be better than 1e-9 after post processing, this instrument will directly image gas giants as far in as Jupiter's orbit. Direct imaging places high demand on optical detectors, not only in noise performance, but also in the need to be resistant to traps. Since the typical scene flux is measured in milli-electrons per second, the signal collected in each practicable frame will be at most a few electrons. At such extremely small signal levels, traps and their effects on the image become extremely important. To investigate their impact on the WFIRST coronagraph mission science yield, we have constructed a detailed model of the coronagraph sensor performance in the presence of traps. Built in Matlab, this model incorporates the expected and measured trap capture and emission times and cross-sections, as well as occurrence densities after exposure to irradiation in the WFIRST space environment. The model also includes the detector architecture and operation as applicable to trapping phenomena. We describe the model, the results, and implications on sensing performance. C1 [Nemati, Bijan; Effinger, Robert; Demers, Richard; Harding, Leon; Morrissey, Patrick] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 321-130, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Open Univ, Ctr Elect Imaging, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. [Bush, Nathan; Hall, David; Skottfelt, Jesper] Open Univ, E2v Ctr Elect Imaging CEI, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. RP Nemati, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 321-130, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bijan.nemati@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9915 AR UNSP 99150M DI 10.1117/12.2235278 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PM UT WOS:000385793400020 ER PT S AU Smith, B Loose, M Alkire, G Joshi, A Kelly, D Siskind, E Rossetti, D Mah, J Cheng, E Miko, L Luppino, G Culver, H Wollack, E Content, D AF Smith, Brian Loose, Markus Alkire, Greg Joshi, Atul Kelly, Daniel Siskind, Eric Rossetti, Dino Mah, Jonathan Cheng, Edward Miko, Laddawan Luppino, Gerard Culver, Harry Wollack, Edward Content, David BE Holland, AD Beletic, J TI Detector control and data acquisition for the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) with a custom ASIC SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-29, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE data acquisition; mixed-signal ASIC; sensor control; sensor digitization; cryogenic ASIC AB The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) will have the largest near-IR focal plane ever flown by NASA, a total of 18 4K x 4K devices. The project has adopted a system-level approach to detector control and data acquisition where 1) control and processing intelligence is pushed into components closer to the detector to maximize signal integrity, 2) functions are performed at the highest allowable temperatures, and 3) the electronics are designed to ensure that the intrinsic detector noise is the limiting factor for system performance. For WFIRST, the detector arrays operate at 90 to 100 K, the detector control and data acquisition functions are performed by a custom ASIC at 150 to 180 K, and the main data processing electronics are at the ambient temperature of the spacecraft, notionally similar to 300 K. The new ASIC is the main interface between the cryogenic detectors and the warm instrument electronics. Its single-chip design provides basic clocking for most types of hybrid detectors with CMOS ROICs. It includes a flexible but simple-to-program sequencer, with the option of microprocessor control for more elaborate readout schemes that may be data-dependent. All analog biases, digital clocks, and analog-to-digital conversion functions are incorporated and are connected to the nearby detectors with a short cable that can provide thermal isolation. The interface to the warm electronics is simple and robust through multiple LVDS channels. It also includes features that support parallel operation of multiple ASICs to control detectors that may have more capability or requirements than can be supported by a single chip. C1 [Smith, Brian; Alkire, Greg] Stargazer Syst Inc, 1783 Forest Dr,Suite 291, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Loose, Markus] Markury Sci Inc, 518 Oakhampton St, Thousand Oaks, CA 91361 USA. [Joshi, Atul] SAAZ Micro Inc, 3075 E Thousand Oaks Blvd, Westlake Village, CA 91362 USA. [Kelly, Daniel] AS&D, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Siskind, Eric] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Rossetti, Dino; Mah, Jonathan; Cheng, Edward] Conceptual Analyt LLC, 8209 Woburn Abbey Rd, Glenn Dale, MD 20769 USA. [Miko, Laddawan; Culver, Harry; Wollack, Edward; Content, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 448, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Luppino, Gerard] GL Sci, 3367A Waialae Ave, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), Stargazer Syst Inc, 1783 Forest Dr,Suite 291, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM BSmith@StargazerSystems.com RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9915 AR UNSP 99152V DI 10.1117/12.2231060 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PM UT WOS:000385793400085 ER PT S AU Starr, B Mears, L Fulk, C Getty, J Corrales, E Nelson, D Content, D Cheng, E Hill, RJ Mah, J Waczynski, A Wen, YT AF Starr, Barry Mears, Lynn Fulk, Chad Getty, Jonathan Corrales, Elizabeth Nelson, David Content, David Cheng, Edward Hill, Robert J. Mah, Jonathan Waczynski, Augustyn Wen, Yiting BE Holland, AD Beletic, J TI RVS WFIRST Sensor Chip Assembly Development Results SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-29, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE low background; infrared; detector; readout; HgCdTe; VisSWIR; SWIR; large format ID DETECTOR ARRAYS AB Raytheon Vision Systems (RVS) has been developing high performance low background VisSWIR focal plane arrays suitable for the NASA WFIRST mission. These near infrared sensor chip assemblies (SCAs) are manufactured using HgCdTe on CdZnTe substrates with a 10 micron pixel pitch. WFIRST requirements are for a 4k x 4K format 4-side buttable package to populate a large scale 6 x 3 mosaic focal plane array of 18 SCAs. RVS devices will be compatible with the NASA developed FPA 4-side buttable package, and flight interface electronics. Initial development efforts at RVS have focused on a 2k x 2k format 10 micron pixel design based on an existing readout integrated circuit (ROIC) to demonstrate desired detector material performance at a relevant scale. This paper will provide performance results on the RVS efforts. RVS has successfully developed multiple 4k x 4k 10 micron pixel ROICs and we plan to demonstrate readiness to scale our design efforts to the desired 4k x 4k format for WFIRST in 2016. C1 [Starr, Barry; Mears, Lynn; Fulk, Chad; Getty, Jonathan; Corrales, Elizabeth; Nelson, David] Raytheon Vis Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Content, David; Waczynski, Augustyn; Wen, Yiting] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cheng, Edward; Hill, Robert J.; Mah, Jonathan] Conceptual Analyt, 8209 Woburn Abbey Rd, Glenn Dale, MD 20769 USA. RP Starr, B (reprint author), Raytheon Vis Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. EM barry_m_starr@raytheon.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9915 AR UNSP 99150Q DI 10.1117/12.2233554 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PM UT WOS:000385793400024 ER PT S AU Waczynski, A Barbier, R Cagiano, S Chen, J Cheung, S Cho, H Cillis, A Clemens, JC Dawson, O Delo, G Farris, M Feizi, A Foltz, R Hickey, M Holmes, W Hwang, T Israellson, U Jhabvala, M Kahle, D Kan, E Kan, E Loose, M Lotkin, G Miko, L Nguyen, L Piquette, E Powers, T Pravdo, S Runkle, A Seiffert, M Strada, P Tucker, C Turck, K Wang, F Weber, C Williams, J AF Waczynski, A. Barbier, R. Cagiano, S. Chen, J. Cheung, S. Cho, H. Cillis, A. Clemens, J-C. Dawson, O. Delo, G. Farris, M. Feizi, A. Foltz, R. Hickey, M. Holmes, W. Hwang, T. Israellson, U. Jhabvala, M. Kahle, D. Kan, Em. Kan, Er. Loose, M. Lotkin, G. Miko, L. Nguyen, L. Piquette, E. Powers, T. Pravdo, S. Runkle, A. Seiffert, M. Strada, P. Tucker, C. Turck, K. Wang, F. Weber, C. Williams, J. BE Holland, AD Beletic, J TI Performance Overview of the Euclid Infrared Focal Plane Detector Subsystems SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-29, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Euclid; mercury cadmium telluride detectors; infrared focal planes; IR detector arrays AB In support of the European Space Agency (ESA) Euclid mission, NASA is responsible for the evaluation of the H2RG mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detectors and electronics assemblies fabricated by Teledyne Imaging Systems. The detector evaluation is performed in the Detector Characterization Laboratory (DCL) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in close collaboration with engineers and scientists from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Euclid project. The Euclid Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Imaging Photometer (NISP) will perform large-area optical and spectroscopic sky surveys in the 0.9-2.02 mu m infrared (IR) region. The NISP instrument will contain sixteen detector arrays each coupled to a Teledyne SIDECAR application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The focal plane will operate at 100K and the SIDECAR ASIC will be in close proximity operating at a slightly higher temperature of 137K. This paper will describe the test configuration, performance tests and results of the latest engineering run, also known as Pilot Run 3 (PR3), consisting of four H2RG detectors operating simultaneously. Performance data will be presented on; noise, spectral quantum efficiency, dark current, persistence, pixel yield, pixel to pixel uniformity, linearity, inter pixel crosstalk, full well and dynamic range, power dissipation, thermal response and unit cell input sensitivity. C1 [Waczynski, A.; Cagiano, S.; Foltz, R.; Hickey, M.; Jhabvala, M.; Kahle, D.; Kan, Em.; Kan, Er.; Lotkin, G.; Miko, L.; Nguyen, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Barbier, R.; Tucker, C.] Inst Phys Nucl, 4 Rue Enrico Fermi, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Chen, J.; Cheung, S.; Hwang, T.; Powers, T.; Wang, F.; Weber, C.] Arctic Slope Reg Corp, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cho, H.; Dawson, O.; Holmes, W.; Israellson, U.; Pravdo, S.; Runkle, A.; Seiffert, M.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cillis, A.; Turck, K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Cir, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Clemens, J-C.] CNRS, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, 163 Ave Luminy, F-13009 Marseille, France. [Delo, G.; Williams, J.] Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Farris, M.; Piquette, E.] Teledyne Imaging Sensors, 1049 Camino Dos Rios, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Feizi, A.] AK Aerosp Technol Corp, 4300 B St, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Loose, M.] Markury Sci Inc, 518 Oakhampton St, Thousand Oaks, CA 91361 USA. [Strada, P.] European Space Technol Ctr, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Waczynski, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0209-0; 978-1-5106-0210-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9915 AR UNSP 991511 DI 10.1117/12.2231641 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PM UT WOS:000385793400034 ER PT J AU Vergopolan, N Fisher, JB AF Vergopolan, Noemi Fisher, Joshua B. TI The impact of deforestation on the hydrological cycle in Amazonia as observed from remote sensing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ALGORITHM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIONAL CLIMATE; WATER-BALANCE; DRY SEASON; BASIN; PRECIPITATION; MODIS; MODELS; VARIABILITY AB Given widespread Amazonian deforestation, numerous studies have focused on how the regional hydrological cycle - in terms of precipitation (P) recycling from evapotranspiration (ET) - is impacted by deforestation. Nevertheless, climate macroscale and mesoscale models have given contradictory results on changes in ET and P with deforestation. To date, these results have not been evaluated with observations, so in this work, we assessed a decade of patterns in ET and P over deforested and forest areas using remote sensing (MODIS and TRMM, 2000-2012). We found a relative increase in ET and P in deforested areas, though there was a positive ET and P correlation over southern/deforested, and negative in northern/forested Amazonia. Although the absolute ET and P values are lower in deforested areas in comparison to border areas, we observed a positive change in ET and P in the last 10 years at the deforested areas. The increase in ET was larger within the deforested areas; meanwhile, P increased more from inside forest areas to the borders, which agrees with the ET and P correlation patterns. Our results help to inform the debate between the macroscale and mesoscale models, as deforestation impacts small-scale circulation patterns, turbulence, and moisture fluxes and convergence, and expand our understanding of the processes involved. C1 [Vergopolan, Noemi] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Environm Engn, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Vergopolan, Noemi] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fisher, Joshua B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Vergopolan, N (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. EM noemi@princeton.edu OI Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085 FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior [6250/12-2] FX This work was supported by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior [grant number 6250/12-2]. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 22 BP 5412 EP 5430 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1232874 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DZ1WG UT WOS:000385631700009 ER PT S AU Roback, VE Amzajerdian, F Bulyshev, AE Brewster, PF Barnes, BW AF Roback, Vincent E. Amzajerdian, Farzin Bulyshev, Alexander E. Brewster, Paul F. Barnes, Bruce W. BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI 3D Flash Lidar Performance in Flight Testing on the Morpheus Autonomous, Rocket-Propelled Lander to a Lunar-Like Hazard Field SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XXI CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE 3-D Imaging; Laser RADAR; ALHAT; Asteroid; Flash Lidar; Lunar Landing; Mars; Morpheus; Precision Navigation; Safe Landing AB For the first time, a 3-D imaging Flash Lidar instrument has been used in flight to scan a lunar-like hazard field, build a 3-D Digital Elevation Map (DEM), identify a safe landing site, and, in concert with an experimental Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GN&C) system, help to guide the Morpheus autonomous, rocket-propelled, free-flying lander to that safe site on the hazard field. The flight tests served as the TRL 6 demo of the Autonomous Precision Landing and Hazard Detection and Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) system and included launch from NASA-Kennedy, a lunar-like descent trajectory from an altitude of 250m, and landing on a lunar-like hazard field of rocks, craters, hazardous slopes, and safe sites 400m down-range. The ALHAT project developed a system capable of enabling safe, precise crewed or robotic landings in challenging terrain on planetary bodies under any ambient lighting conditions. The Flash Lidar is a second generation, compact, real-time, air-cooled instrument. Based upon extensive on-ground characterization at flight ranges, the Flash Lidar was shown to be capable of imaging hazards from a slant range of 1 km with an 8 cm range precision and a range accuracy better than 35 cm, both at 1-sigma. The Flash Lidar identified landing hazards as small as 30 cm from the maximum slant range which Morpheus could achieve (450 m); however, under certain wind conditions it was susceptible to scintillation arising from air heated by the rocket engine and to pre-triggering on a dust cloud created during launch and transported down-range by wind. C1 [Roback, Vincent E.; Amzajerdian, Farzin; Brewster, Paul F.; Barnes, Bruce W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Bulyshev, Alexander E.] Analyt Mech Associates Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Roback, VE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0073-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9832 AR UNSP 983209 DI 10.1117/12.2223916 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF9PW UT WOS:000385794300007 ER PT S AU Stysley, PR Coyle, DB Clarke, GB Frese, E Blalock, G Morey, P Kay, RB Poulios, D Hersh, M AF Stysley, Paul R. Coyle, D. Barry Clarke, Greg B. Frese, Erich Blalock, Gordon Morey, Peter Kay, Richard B. Poulios, Demetrios Hersh, Michael BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI Laser Production for NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Lidar SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XXI CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Lidar; laser; oscillator; Nd:YAG; Q-switch; ISS AB The Lasers and Electro-Optics Branch at Goddard Space Flight Center has been tasked with building the Lasers for the Global Ecosystems Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Lidar Mission, to be installed on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) on the International Space Station (ISS)(1). GEDI will use three NASA-developed lasers, each coupled with a Beam Dithering Unit (BDU) to produce three sets of staggered footprints on the Earth's surface to accurately measure global biomass. We will report on the design, assembly progress, test results, and delivery process of this laser system. C1 [Stysley, Paul R.; Coyle, D. Barry; Clarke, Greg B.; Frese, Erich; Blalock, Gordon; Morey, Peter; Kay, Richard B.; Poulios, Demetrios; Hersh, Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Stysley, PR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 554, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0073-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9832 AR UNSP 983207 DI 10.1117/12.2239889 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF9PW UT WOS:000385794300005 ER PT S AU Brockers, R Fragoso, A Matthies, L AF Brockers, R. Fragoso, A. Matthies, L. BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Stereo Vision-based Obstacle Avoidance for Micro Air Vehicles using an Egocylindrical Image Space Representation SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VIII CY APR 17-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Micro air vehicles; obstacle avoidance; vision; egocylinder ID NAVIGATION; ENVIRONMENTS AB Micro air vehicles which operate autonomously at low altitude in cluttered environments require a method for on-board obstacle avoidance for safe operation. Previous methods deploy either purely reactive approaches, mapping low-level visual features directly to actuator inputs to maneuver the vehicle around the obstacle, or deliberative methods that use on-board 3-D sensors to create a 3-D, voxel-based world model, which is then used to generate collision free 3-D trajectories. In this paper, we use forward-looking stereo vision with a large horizontal and vertical field of view and project range from stereo into a novel robot-centered, cylindrical, inverse range map we call an egocylinder. With this implementation we reduce the complexity of our world representation from a 3D map to a 2.5D image-space representation, which supports very efficient motion planning and collision checking, and allows to implement configuration space expansion as an image processing function directly on the egocylinder. Deploying a fast reactive motion planner directly on the configuration space expanded egocylinder image, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this new approach experimentally in an indoor environment. C1 [Brockers, R.; Matthies, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fragoso, A.] CALTECH, Grad Aerosp Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Brockers, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM brockers@jpl.nasa.gov; afragoso@caltech.edu; lhm@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0077-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9836 AR UNSP 98361R DI 10.1117/12.2224695 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BF9OX UT WOS:000385791900033 ER PT S AU Kennedy, R Brockers, R Weiss, S AF Kennedy, Ryan Brockers, Roland Weiss, Stephan BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Fail-Safe Visual-Inertial Navigation for UAVs SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VIII CY APR 17-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE optical flow; visual-inertial odometry; multi-sensor fusion; sensor switching; on-board processing AB In this paper, we propose a visual-inertial state estimation framework which is able to detect and mitigate failure modes to ensure best possible state estimation for platform control at all times. The main focus here is on the proposed sensor switching method which allows seamless switching between integration of pure inertial cues, the use of inertial-optical flow based velocity estimates, and the use of visual-inertial based position estimates for the control of an inherently unstable aerial vehicle. The switching mechanism automatically detects if a state estimator part is faulty and reduces the sensory input to the remaining, healthy, information streams. In addition, a re-initialization sequence is run for the faulty segment until the full system is recovered. With the additional capability of each segment for self-calibration, the system is both self-calibrating and self-healing. The full framework has been integrated on an embedded platform on-board a real 500g small aerial vehicle and run at 30Hz camera stream and 1kHz inertial readings for live demonstration. C1 [Kennedy, Ryan; Brockers, Roland] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Comp Vis Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Weiss, Stephan] Alpen Adria Univ, Control Networked Syst, Klagenfurt, Austria. RP Kennedy, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Comp Vis Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM kenryd@gmail.com; Roland.Brockers@jpl.nasa.gov; Stephan.Weiss@aau.at NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0077-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9836 AR UNSP 98361U DI 10.1117/12.2225608 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BF9OX UT WOS:000385791900036 ER PT S AU Perez, MR AF Perez, Mario R. BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Technological challenges on the path to discovery in astrophysics SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VIII CY APR 17-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Space technology; technology innovation and maturation; strategic astrophysics technologies AB Over the next decade, NASA's Astrophysics Division expects to undertake robotic or unmanned space flight missions that will explore the nature of the universe at its largest scales, its earliest moments, and its most extreme conditions. Current innovative and maturation technology programs are being conducted by NASA's Astrophysics Division to fill the technology gaps identified by the community. One of these efforts was to establish the Strategic Astrophysics Technology (SAT) program to support the maturation of key technologies. In this paper, these technology programs are described; in particular the SAT program will be presented describing the process to establish priorities, the technology management components, and the efforts to move these technologies into mission concepts and flight missions. The technology roadmap for a large mission concept such as ATLAST is presented as an example of the technology gaps derived and identified from these analyses, which could focus future efforts and investment priorities. Finally, the NASA preparation for the next decade, which will study and mature four large mission concepts, is briefly outlined. C1 [Perez, Mario R.] NASA Headquarters, Div Astrophys, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Perez, MR (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Div Astrophys, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM mario.perez@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0077-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9836 AR UNSP 983606 DI 10.1117/12.2225156 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BF9OX UT WOS:000385791900006 ER PT S AU Rogers, LA AF Rogers, Leslie A. BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Current Best Estimates of Planet Populations SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VIII CY APR 17-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Exoplanets; Statistics; Planet Populations; Exoplanet Direct Imaging; Eta-Earth; Space-Based Exoplanet Imaging Missions ID SUN-LIKE STARS; SYNTHESIZING EXOPLANET DEMOGRAPHICS; PRECISION RADIAL-VELOCITIES; SOUTHERN ULTRACOOL DWARFS; ORBITING M DWARFS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; DETERMINISTIC MODEL; GIANT PLANETS; MASS-DISTRIBUTION AB Exoplanets are revolutionizing planetary science by enabling statistical studies of a large number of planets. Empirical measurements of planet occurrence rates inform our understanding of the ubiquity and efficiency of planet formation, while the identification of sub-populations and trends in the distribution of observed exoplanet properties provides insights into the formation and evolution processes that are sculpting distant Solar Systems. In this paper, we review the current best estimates of planet populations. We focus in particular on eta(circle plus), the occurrence rate of habitable zone rocky planets, since this factor strongly influences the design of future space based exoplanet direct detection missions. C1 [Rogers, Leslie A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, NASA, 501 Campbell Hall 3411, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rogers, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, NASA, 501 Campbell Hall 3411, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM larogers@uchicago.edu NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0077-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9836 AR UNSP 983602 DI 10.1117/12.2223920 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BF9OX UT WOS:000385791900002 ER PT S AU Spry, D Neudeck, P Chen, LY Chang, C Lukco, D Beheim, G AF Spry, David Neudeck, Phil Chen, Liangyu Chang, Carl Lukco, Dorothy Beheim, Glenn BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI Experimental Durability Testing of 4H SiC JFET Integrated Circuit Technology at 727 degrees C SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VIII CY APR 17-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE JFET; SiC; integrated circuits; interconnects; reliability; sensors AB We have reported SiC integrated circuits (IC's) with two levels of metal interconnect that have demonstrated prolonged operation for thousands of hours at their intended peak ambient operational temperature of 500 degrees C [1, 2]. However, it is recognized that testing of semiconductor microelectronics at temperatures above their designed operating envelope is vital to qualification. Towards this end, we previously reported operation of a 4H-SiC JFET IC ring oscillator on an initial fast thermal ramp test through 727 degrees C [3]. However, this thermal ramp was not ended until a peak temperature of 880 degrees C (well beyond failure) was attained. Further experiments are necessary to better understand failure mechanisms and upper temperature limit of this extreme-temperature capable 4H-SiC IC technology. Here we report on additional experimental testing of custom-packaged 4H-SiC JFET IC devices at temperatures above 500 degrees C. In one test, the temperature was ramped and then held at 727 degrees C, and the devices were periodically measured until electrical failure was observed. A 4H-SiC JFET on this chip electrically functioned with little change for around 25 hours at 727 degrees C before rapid increases in device resistance caused failure. In a second test, devices from our next generation 4H-SiC JFET ICs were ramped up and then held at 700 degrees C (which is below the maximum deposition temperature of the dielectrics). Three ring oscillators functioned for 8 hours at this temperature before degradation. In a third experiment, an alternative die attach of gold paste and package lid were used, and logic circuit operation was demonstrated for 143.5 hours at 700 degrees C. C1 [Spry, David; Neudeck, Phil; Beheim, Glenn] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Chen, Liangyu] NASA Glenn, OAI, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH USA. [Chang, Carl; Lukco, Dorothy] NASA Glenn, Vantage Partners LLC, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Spry, D (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0077-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9836 AR UNSP 98360N DI 10.1117/12.2232926 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BF9OX UT WOS:000385791900014 ER PT S AU Tang, A AF Tang, Adrian BE George, T Dutta, AK Islam, MS TI System Level Challenges of THz and mm-Wave Imaging Systems SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VIII CY APR 17-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE millimeter-wave imaging; THz imaging; active imaging; passive imaging AB While THz and mm-wave imaging systems provide an interesting avenue for stand-off detection of concealed weapons and other threats without the need for ionizing radiation, there are many physical and technical obstacles which still prevent these systems from becoming commercially practical. This paper introduces the major issues for active and passive imaging including background masking, specular responses, and thermal equalization. Secondly, the paper discusses the prospects of radar imaging, and tradeoffs between system parameters such as transmit power, receiver sensitivity and phase noise, and how these parameters affect corresponding physical behavior including aperture size, resolution, penetration, and stand-off distance. C1 [Tang, Adrian] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Tang, Adrian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tang, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA.; Tang, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0077-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9836 AR UNSP 98362R DI 10.1117/12.2216567 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BF9OX UT WOS:000385791900056 ER PT S AU Barlis, A Aguirre, J Stevenson, T AF Barlis, Alyssa Aguirre, James Stevenson, Thomas BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Kinetic inductance detectors for far-infrared spectroscopy SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Kinetic inductance detector; applied superconductivity; detector fabrication ID ARRAYS AB The star formation mechanisms at work in the early universe remain one of the major unsolved problems of modern astrophysics. Many of the luminous galaxies present during the period of peak star formation (between redshifts 1 and 3) were heavily enshrouded in dust, which makes observing their properties difficult at optical wavelengths. However, many spectral lines exist at far-infrared wavelengths that serve as tracers of star formation during that period, in particular fine structure lines of nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen, as well as the carbon monoxide molecule. Using an observation technique known as intensity mapping, it would be possible to observe the total line intensity for a given redshift range even without detecting individual sources. Here, we describe a detector system suitable for a balloon borne spectroscopic intensity mapping experiment at far-infrared wavelengths. The experiment requires an "integral field" type spectrograph, with modest spectral resolution (R-100) for each of a number of spatial pixels spanning several octaves in wavelength. The detector system uses lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs), which have the potential to achieve the high sensitivity, low noise, and high multiplexing factor required for this experiment. We detail the design requirements and considerations, and the fabrication process for a prototype LEKID array of 1600 pixels. The pixel design is driven by the need for high responsivity, which requires a small physical volume for the LEKID inductor. In order to minimize two-level system noise, the resonators include large-area interdigitated capacitors. High quality factor resonances are required for a large frequency multiplexing factor. Detectors were fabricated using both trilayer TiN/Ti/TiN recipes and thin-film Al, and are operated at base temperatures near 250 mK. C1 [Barlis, Alyssa; Aguirre, James] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Stevenson, Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Detector Syst Branch, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barlis, A (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM abarlis@physics.upenn.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99142F DI 10.1117/12.2234720 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800059 ER PT S AU Barrentine, EM Cataldo, G Brown, AD Ehsan, N Noroozian, O Stevenson, TR U-Pen, K Wollack, EJ Moseley, SH AF Barrentine, Emily M. Cataldo, Giuseppe Brown, Ari D. Ehsan, Negar Noroozian, Omid Stevenson, Thomas R. U-Pen, Kongpop Wollack, Edward J. Moseley, S. Harvey BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Design and Performance of A High Resolution mu-Spec: An Integrated Sub-millimeter Spectrometer SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Far-infrared; submillimeter; spectrometer; superconducting transmission line; Kinetic Inductance Detectors ID ON-CHIP; SILICON; ARRAYS; SUPERSPEC AB mu-Spec is a compact submillimeter (similar to 100 GHz-1.1 THz) spectrometer which uses low loss superconducting microstrip transmission lines and a single-crystal silicon dielectric to integrate all of the components of a diffraction grating spectrometer onto a single chip. We have already successfully evaluated the performance of a prototype mu-Spec, with spectral resolving power, R=64. Here we present our progress towards developing a higher resolution mu-Spec, which would enable the first science returns in a balloon flight version of this instrument. We describe modifications to the design in scaling from a R=64 to a R=256 instrument, as well as the ultimate performance limits and design concerns when scaling this instrument to higher resolutions. C1 [Barrentine, Emily M.; Cataldo, Giuseppe; Brown, Ari D.; Ehsan, Negar; Noroozian, Omid; Stevenson, Thomas R.; U-Pen, Kongpop; Wollack, Edward J.; Moseley, S. Harvey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cataldo, Giuseppe] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Noroozian, Omid] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Barrentine, EM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM emily.m.barrentine@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99143O DI 10.1117/12.2234462 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800092 ER PT S AU Cataldo, G Wollack, EJ AF Cataldo, Giuseppe Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Submillimeter and far-infrared dielectric properties of thin films SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Materials characterization; optical properties; dielectric function; thin films; infrared and submillimeter ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION; DISPERSION; SPECTRA; SHAPE; RELAXATION; METALS; LINES; GLASS AB The complex dielectric function enables the study of a material's refractive and absorptive properties and provides information on a material's potential for practical application. Commonly employed line shape profile functions from the literature are briefly surveyed and their suitability for representation of dielectric material properties are discussed. An analysis approach to derive a material's complex dielectric function from observed transmittance spectra in the far-infrared and submillimeter regimes is presented. The underlying model employed satisfies the requirements set by the Kramers-Kronig relations. The dielectric function parameters derived from this approach typically reproduce the observed transmittance spectra with an accuracy of < 4%. C1 [Cataldo, Giuseppe; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cataldo, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM giuseppe.cataldo@nasa.gov; edward.j.wollack@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99142W DI 10.1117/12.2232648 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800072 ER PT S AU Crowley, KT Choi, SK Kuan, J Austermann, JE Beall, JA Datta, R Duff, SM Gallardo, PA Hasselfield, M Henderson, SW Ho, SPP Koopman, BJ Niemack, MD Salatino, M Simon, SM Staggs, ST Wollack, EJ AF Crowley, Kevin T. Choi, Steve K. Kuan, Jeffrey Austermann, Jason E. Beall, James A. Datta, Rahul Duff, Shannon M. Gallardo, Patricio A. Hasselfield, Matthew Henderson, Shawn W. Ho, Shuay-Pwu P. Koopman, Brian J. Niemack, Michael D. Salatino, Maria Simon, Sara M. Staggs, Suzanne T. Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Characterization of AlMn TES Impedance, Noise, and Optical Efficiency in the First 150 mm Multichroic Array for Advanced ACTPol SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Transition edge sensors; bolometers; CMB; electrothermal model ID ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE; POLARIMETER ARRAY AB The Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) upgrade to the Atacama Cosmology Telescope features large arrays of multichroic pixels consisting of two orthogonal-polarization pairs of superconducting bolometers at two observing frequency bands. We present measurements of the detector properties and noise data in a subset of a fielded multichroic array of AlMn transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors. In this array, the distribution of critical temperature T-c across detectors appears uniform at the percent level. The measured noise-equivalent power (NEP) distributions over similar to 1200 detectors are consistent with expectations. We find median NEPs of 4.0x10(-17) W/root Hz for low-band detectors and 6.2x10(-17) W/root Hz for high-band detectors under covered-window telescope test conditions with optical loading comparable to observing with precipitable water vapor similar to 0.5 mm. Lastly, we show the estimated detector optical efficiency, and demonstrate the ability to perform optical characterization over hundreds of detectors at once using a cryogenic blackbody source. C1 [Crowley, Kevin T.; Choi, Steve K.; Kuan, Jeffrey; Ho, Shuay-Pwu P.; Salatino, Maria; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Austermann, Jason E.; Beall, James A.; Duff, Shannon M.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, 325 Broadway Mailcode 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Datta, Rahul; Simon, Sara M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. [Hasselfield, Matthew] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gallardo, Patricio A.; Henderson, Shawn W.; Koopman, Brian J.; Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wollack, Edward J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Crowley, KT; Choi, SK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ktc2@princeton.edu; khc@princeton.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 991431 DI 10.1117/12.2231999 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800076 ER PT S AU Fixsen, DJ Chuss, DT Kogut, A Mirel, P Wollack, EJ AF Fixsen, D. J. Chuss, D. T. Kogut, Alan Mirel, Paul Wollack, E. J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The Calibration of PIXIE SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE polarimeter; cosmic microwave background; bolometer; FTS ID FIRAS; SPECTRUM AB The FIRAS instrument demonstrated the use of an external calibrator to compare the sky to an instrumented blackbody. The PIXIE calibrator is improved from -35 dB to -65 dB. Another significant improvement is the ability to insert the calibrator into either input of the FTS. This allows detection and correction of additional errors, reduces the effective calibration noise by a factor of 2, eliminates an entire class of systematics and allows continuous observations. This paper presents the design and use of the PIXIE calibrator. C1 [Fixsen, D. J.; Kogut, Alan; Mirel, Paul; Wollack, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chuss, D. T.] Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Fixsen, D. J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fixsen, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dale.j.fixsen@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 991439 DI 10.1117/12.2232836 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800081 ER PT S AU Fixsen, DJ Kohut, A Hill, RS Nagler, PC Seals, LT Howard, JM AF Fixsen, D. J. Kohut, Alan Hill, Robert S. Nagler, Peter C. Seals, Lenward T., III Howard, Joseph M. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Dealing with Beam Structure in PIXIE SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE polarimeter; cosmic microwave background; bolometer; FTS ID TEMPERATURE AB Measuring the B-mode polarization of the CMB radiation requires a detailed understanding of the projection of the detector onto the sky. We show how the combination of scan strategy and processing generates a cylindrical beam for the spectrum measurement. Both the instrumental design and the scan strategy reduce the cross coupling between the temperature variations and the B-modes. As with other polarization measurements some post processing may be required to eliminate residual errors. C1 [Fixsen, D. J.; Kohut, Alan; Hill, Robert S.; Nagler, Peter C.; Seals, Lenward T., III; Howard, Joseph M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Fixsen, D. J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fixsen, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD USA.; Fixsen, DJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dale.j.fixsen@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99141B DI 10.1117/12.2232717 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800030 ER PT S AU Fluxa, P Dunner, R Maurin, L Choi, SK Devlin, MJ Gallardo, PA Ho, SPP Koopman, BJ Louis, T McMahon, JJ Nati, F Niemack, MD Newburgh, L Page, LA Salatino, M Schillaci, A Schmitt, BL Simon, SM Staggs, ST Wollack, EJ AF Fluxa R, Pedro Dunner, Rolando Maurin, Loic Choi, Steve K. Devlin, Mark J. Gallardo, Patricio A. Ho, Shuay-Pwu P. Koopman, Brian J. Louis, Thibaut McMahon, Jeffrey J. Nati, Federico Niemack, Michael D. Newburgh, Laura Page, Lyman A. Salatino, Maria Schillaci, Alessandro Schmitt, Benjamin L. Simon, Sara M. Staggs, Suzanne T. Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Far sidelobe effects from panel gaps of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Cosmology; Cosmic Microwave Background; Polarization; B-modes; Optical Simulations; Farsidelobes; Diffraction; Electromagnetic simulations ID BEAM PROFILES AB The Atacama Cosmology Telescope is a 6 meter diameter CMB telescope located at 5200 meters in the Chilean desert. ACT has made arc-minute scale maps of the sky at 90 and 150 GHz which have led to precise measurements of the fine angular power spectrum of the CMB fluctuations in temperature and polarization. One of the goals of ACT is to search for the B-mode polarization signal from primordial gravity waves, and thus extending ACT's data analysis to larger angular scales. This goal introduces new challenges in the control of systematic effects, including better understanding of far sidelobe effects that might enter the power spectrum at degree angular scales. Here we study the effects of the gaps between panels of the ACT primary and secondary reflectors in the worst case scenario in which the gaps remain open. We produced numerical simulations of the optics using GRASP up to 8 degrees away from the main beam and simulated timestreams for observations with this beam using real pointing information from ACT data. Maps from these simulated timestreams showed leakage from the sidelobes, indicating that this effect must be taken into consideration at large angular scales. C1 [Fluxa R, Pedro; Dunner, Rolando; Maurin, Loic; Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile. [Fluxa R, Pedro; Dunner, Rolando; Maurin, Loic; Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Astroingn, Fac Fis, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile. [Choi, Steve K.; Ho, Shuay-Pwu P.; Page, Lyman A.; Salatino, Maria; Simon, Sara M.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Nati, Federico; Schmitt, Benjamin L.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gallardo, Patricio A.; Koopman, Brian J.; Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Louis, Thibaut] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [McMahon, Jeffrey J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Newburgh, Laura] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Fluxa, P (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.; Fluxa, P (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Astroingn, Fac Fis, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile. EM pafluxa@astro.puc.cl; rdunner@astro.puc.cl RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99142Q DI 10.1117/12.2231421 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800066 ER PT S AU Fyhrie, A McKenney, C Glenn, J LeDuc, HG Gao, JS Day, P Zmuidzinas, J AF Fyhrie, Adalyn McKenney, Christopher Glenn, Jason LeDuc, Henry G. Gao, Jiansong Day, Peter Zmuidzinas, Jonas BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Responsivity Boosting in FIR TiN LEKIDs Using Phonon Recycling: Simulations and Array Design SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE kinetic inductance detector; phonon; far-infrared; simulation ID CRYSTAL AB To characterize further the cosmic star formation history at high redshifts, a large-area survey by a cryogenic 5 meter class telescope with a focal plane populated by tens to hundreds of thousands of far-infrared (FIR, 30300 pm) detectors with broadband detector noise equivalent powers (NEPs) on the order of 3x 10(-19) W/VHz is needed. Ideal detectors for such a surveyor do not yet exist. As a demonstration of one technique for approaching the ultra-low NEPs required by this surveyor, we present the design of an array of 96 350 pm KIDs that utilize phonon recycling to boost responsivity. Our KID array is fabricated with TiN deposited on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, which is a 2 pm thick layer of silicon bonded to a thicker silicon wafer by a thin oxide layer. The thick silicon is etched away underneath the absorbers so that the inductors are suspended on just the 2 pm membrane. The intent is that quasiparticle recombination phonons are trapped in the thin membrane, thereby increasing their likelihood of being re-absorbed by the KID to break additional Cooper pairs and boost responsivity. We also present a Monte-Carlo simulation that predicts the amount of signal boost expected from phonon recycling given flexible detector geometries and illumination strategies. For our initial array geometry, the simulation predicts a small but likely measurable 50% boost in responsivity. C1 [Fyhrie, Adalyn; Glenn, Jason] Univ Colorado, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKenney, Christopher; Gao, Jiansong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. [LeDuc, Henry G.; Day, Peter] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Dr, Pasadena, CA USA. [Zmuidzinas, Jonas] Calif Polytech Inst, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Fyhrie, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM adfy9371@colorado.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99142B DI 10.1117/12.2231476 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800057 ER PT S AU Gandilo, NN Ade, PAR Benford, D Bennett, CL Chuss, DT Dotson, JL Eimer, JR Fixsen, DJ Halpern, M Hilton, G Hinshaw, GF Irwin, K Jhabvala, C Kimball, M Kogut, A Lowe, L McMahon, JJ Miller, TM Mirel, P Moseley, SH Pawlyk, S Rodriguez, S Sharp, E Shirron, P Staguhn, JG Sullivan, DF Switzer, ER Taraschi, P Tucker, CE Wollack, EJ AF Gandilo, Natalie N. Ade, Peter A. R. Benford, Dominic Bennett, Charles L. Chuss, David T. Dotson, Jessie L. Eimer, Joseph R. Fixsen, Dale J. Halpern, Mark Hilton, Gene Hinshaw, Gary F. Irwin, Kent Jhabvala, Christine Kimball, Mark Kogut, Alan Lowe, Luke McMahon, Jeff J. Miller, Timothy M. Mirel, Paul Moseley, S. Harvey Pawlyk, Samuel Rodriguez, Samelys Sharp, Elmer, III Shirron, Peter Staguhn, Johannes G. Sullivan, Dan F. Switzer, Eric R. Taraschi, Peter Tucker, Carole E. Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE polarimeter; cosmic microwave background; bolometer ID MILLIMETER AB The Primordial Inflation Polarization ExploreR (PIPER) is a balloon-borne telescope designed to measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background on large angular scales. PIPER will map 85% of the sky at 200, 270, 350, and 600 GHz over a series of 8 conventional balloon flights from the northern and southern hemispheres. The first science flight will use two 32 x 40 arrays of backshort-under-grid transition edge sensors, multiplexed in the time domain, and maintained at 100 mK by a Continuous Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator. Frontend cryogenic Variable-delay Polarization Modulators provide systematic control by rotating linear to circular polarization at 3 Hz. Twin telescopes allow PIPER to measure Stokes I, Q, U, and V simultaneously. The telescope is maintained at 1.5 K in an LHe bucket dewar. Cold optics and the lack of a warm window permit sensitivity at the sky-background limit. The ultimate science target is a limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r similar to 0.007, from the reionization bump to l similar to 300. PIPER's first flight will be from the Northern hemisphere, and overlap with the CLASS survey at lower frequencies. We describe the current status of the PIPER instrument. C1 [Gandilo, Natalie N.; Bennett, Charles L.; Eimer, Joseph R.; Staguhn, Johannes G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gandilo, Natalie N.; Benford, Dominic; Fixsen, Dale J.; Jhabvala, Christine; Kogut, Alan; Lowe, Luke; Miller, Timothy M.; Mirel, Paul; Moseley, S. Harvey; Pawlyk, Samuel; Rodriguez, Samelys; Sharp, Elmer, III; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Switzer, Eric R.; Taraschi, Peter; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Tucker, Carole E.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Chuss, David T.] Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Dotson, Jessie L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fixsen, Dale J.; Pawlyk, Samuel] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Halpern, Mark; Hinshaw, Gary F.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Hilton, Gene] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Irwin, Kent] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kimball, Mark; Shirron, Peter; Sullivan, Dan F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 552, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lowe, Luke; Mirel, Paul; Taraschi, Peter] Wyle STE, Houston, TX USA. [McMahon, Jeff J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rodriguez, Samelys] MADNET Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Gandilo, NN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Gandilo, NN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM natalie.n.gandilo@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99141J DI 10.1117/12.2231109 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800037 ER PT S AU Glenn, J Fyhrie, A Wheeler, J Day, PK Eom, BH Leduc, HG AF Glenn, Jason Fyhrie, Adalyn Wheeler, Jordan Day, Peter K. Eom, Byeong Ho Leduc, Henry G. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Low-volume aluminum and aluminum/titanium nitride bilayer lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors for far-infrared astronomy SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE kinetic inductance detectors; far infrared ID CLERK-MAXWELL-TELESCOPE; BOLOMETER CAMERA; SPACE-TELESCOPE; FACILITY; ARRAY AB We present the design and characterization of low-volume, lumped-element aluminum kinetic inductance detectors for sensitive far-infrared astronomy observations. The lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors are comprised of meandered inductors that serve as radiation absorbers in parallel with interdigitated capacitors, forming high quality factor resonators. Low inductor volumes lead to low noise equivalent powers by raising quasiparticles densities, and hence responsivities, with respect to larger volumes. Low volumes are achieved with thin (20 nm), narrow (150 nm) inductors. The interdigitated capacitor architecture is designed to mitigate two-level system noise by lowering electric fields in the silicon substrate. Resonance frequencies are in the range of 190 to 500 MHz, with measured internal quality factors in excess of 1 x 10(5). In a prior incarnation, a titanium nitride layer on top of the aluminum served as a protective layer, but complicated the superconducting properties. These results were reported previously. In the current incarnation, the aluminum layer is left bare with no titanium nitride over-layer. The results for these bare aluminum devices include a yield of 88%, frequency responsivity of 109 W-1, and noise equivalent power of 1 x 10(-17) W Hz-1/2 for a 350 pm array. There is no evidence for 1/f noise down to at least 200 mHz. The sensitivity is currently limited by white noise, very likely from stray light in the testbed; for this detector design, sensitivities limited by generation-recombination noise in a lower-background environment should be several orders of magnitude lower. C1 [Glenn, Jason; Fyhrie, Adalyn; Wheeler, Jordan] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Day, Peter K.; Eom, Byeong Ho; Leduc, Henry G.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Glenn, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jason.glenn@colorado.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99140Z DI 10.1117/12.2233649 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800022 ER PT S AU Grayson, JA Ade, PAR Ahmed, Z Alexander, KD Amiri, M Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Boenish, H Bowens-Rubin, R Buder, I Bullock, E Buza, V Connors, J Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Halpern, M Harrison, S Hilton, GC Hristov, VV Hui, H Irwin, KD Kang, J Karkare, KS Karpel, E Kefeli, S Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Lueker, M Megerian, KG Monticue, V Namikawa, T Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Pryke, C Reintsema, CD Richter, S Schwarz, R Sorensen, C Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Steinbach, B Teply, GP Thompson, KL Tolan, JE Tucker, C Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Wandui, A Weber, AC Wiebe, DV Willmert, J Wu, WLK Yoon, KW AF Grayson, J. A. Ade, P. A. R. Ahmed, Z. Alexander, K. D. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Boenish, H. Bowens-Rubin, R. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Buza, V. Connors, J. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Halpern, M. Harrison, S. Hilton, G. C. Hristov, V. V. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Kang, J. Karkare, K. S. Karpel, E. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Megerian, K. G. Monticue, V. Namikawa, T. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sorensen, C. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Steinbach, B. Teply, G. P. Thompson, K. L. Tolan, J. E. Tucker, C. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wandui, A. Weber, A. C. Wiebe, D. V. Willmert, J. Wu, W. L. K. Yoon, K. W. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI BICEP3 performance overview and planned Keck Array upgrade SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Cosmic Microwave Background; Inflation; Gravitational Waves; Polarization; BICEP; Keck Array ID B-MODE POLARIZATION; BOLOMETERS AB BICEP3 is a 520mm aperture, compact two-lens refractor designed to observe the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 95 GHz. Its focal plane consists of modularized tiles of antenna-coupled transition edge sensors (TESs), similar to those used in BICEP2 and the Keck Array. The increased per-receiver optical throughput compared to BICEP2/Keck Array, due to both its faster f/1.7 optics and the larger aperture, more than doubles the combined mapping speed of the BICEP/Keck program. The BICEP3 receiver was recently upgraded to a full complement of 20 tiles of detectors (2560 TESs) and is now beginning its second year of observation (and first science season) at the South Pole. We report on its current performance and observing plans. Given its high per-receiver throughput while maintaining the advantages of a compact design, BICEP3-class receivers are ideally suited as building blocks for a 3rd-generation CMB experiment, consisting of multiple receivers spanning 35 GHz to 270 GHz with total detector count in the tens of thousands. We present plans for such an array, the new "BICEP Array" that will replace the Keck Array at the South Pole, including design optimization, frequency coverage, and deployment/observing strategies. C1 [Grayson, J. A.; Ahmed, Z.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Karpel, E.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Monticue, V.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wandui, A.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Grayson, J. A.; Ahmed, Z.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Karpel, E.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Monticue, V.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wandui, A.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Halpern, M.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Alexander, K. D.; Barkats, D.; Bischoff, C. A.; Boenish, H.; Bowens-Rubin, R.; Buder, I.; Buza, V.; Connors, J.; Harrison, S.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Sorensen, C.; Vieregg, A. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Amiri, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Benton, S. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Filippini, J. P.; Hristov, V. V.; Hui, H.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Steinbach, B.; Teply, G. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Megerian, K. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A. C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Buza, V.; Kovac, J. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.; Willmert, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Teply, G. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wu, W. L. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grayson, JA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Grayson, JA (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jgrayson@stanford.edu OI Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Namikawa, Toshiya/0000-0003-3070-9240 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99140S DI 10.1117/12.2233894 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800017 ER PT S AU Harrington, K Marriage, T Ali, A Appel, JW Bennett, CL Boone, F Brewer, M Chan, MW Chuss, DT Colazo, F Dahal, S Denis, K Dunner, R Eimer, J Essinger-Hileman, T Fluxa, P Halpern, M Hilton, G Hinshaw, GF Hubmayr, J Iuliano, J Karakla, J McMahon, J Miller, NT Moseley, SH Palma, G Parker, L Petroff, M Pradenas, B Rostem, K Sagliocca, M Valle, D Watts, D Wollack, E Xu, ZL Zeng, LZ AF Harrington, Kathleen Marriage, Tobias Ali, Aamir Appel, John W. Bennett, Charles L. Boone, Fletcher Brewer, Michael Chan, Manwei Chuss, David T. Colazo, Felipe Dahal, Sumit Denis, Kevin Dunner, Rolando Eimer, Joseph Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Fluxa, Pedro Halpern, Mark Hilton, Gene Hinshaw, Gary F. Hubmayr, Johannes Iuliano, Jeffery Karakla, John McMahon, Jeff Miller, Nathan T. Moseley, Samuel H. Palma, Gonzalo Parker, Lucas Petroff, Matthew Pradenas, Bastian Rostem, Karwan Sagliocca, Marco Valle, Deniz Watts, Duncan Wollack, Edward Xu, Zhilei Zeng, Lingzhen BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; B-MODE POLARIZATION; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIMETRY; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; FLATNESS; HORIZON AB The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) is a four telescope array designed to characterize relic primordial gravitational waves from inflation and the optical depth to reionization through a measurement of the polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) on the largest angular scales. The frequencies of the four CLASS telescopes, one at 38 GHz, two at 93 GHz, and one dichroic system at 145/217 GHz, are chosen to avoid spectral regions of high atmospheric emission and span the minimum of the polarized Galactic foregrounds: synchrotron emission at lower frequencies and dust emission at higher frequencies. Low-noise transition edge sensor detectors and a rapid front-end polarization modulator provide a unique combination of high sensitivity, stability, and control of systematics. The CLASS site, at 5200 m in the Chilean Atacama desert, allows for daily mapping of up to 70% of the sky and enables the characterization of CMB polarization at the largest angular scales. Using this combination of a broad frequency range, large sky coverage, control over systematics, and high sensitivity, CLASS will observe the reionization and recombination peaks of the CMB E- and B-mode power spectra. CLASS will make a cosmic variance limited measurement of the optical depth to reionization and will measure or place upper limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, down to a level of 0.01 (95% C.L.). C1 [Harrington, Kathleen; Marriage, Tobias; Ali, Aamir; Appel, John W.; Bennett, Charles L.; Brewer, Michael; Chan, Manwei; Dahal, Sumit; Eimer, Joseph; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Iuliano, Jeffery; Karakla, John; Miller, Nathan T.; Parker, Lucas; Petroff, Matthew; Rostem, Karwan; Valle, Deniz; Watts, Duncan; Xu, Zhilei] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Halpern, Mark; Hinshaw, Gary F.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Colazo, Felipe; Denis, Kevin; Miller, Nathan T.; Moseley, Samuel H.; Rostem, Karwan; Wollack, Edward] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 660, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chuss, David T.; Sagliocca, Marco] Villanova Univ, Dept Phys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Boone, Fletcher; McMahon, Jeff] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dunner, Rolando; Fluxa, Pedro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Fac Fis, Ave Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile. [Dunner, Rolando; Fluxa, Pedro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Astroingn, Fac Fis, Ave Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile. [Hilton, Gene; Hubmayr, Johannes] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zeng, Lingzhen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Palma, Gonzalo; Pradenas, Bastian] Univ Chile, Dept Phys, FCFM, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile. RP Harrington, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM kharrington@jhu.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99141K DI 10.1117/12.2233125 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800038 ER PT S AU Hui, H Ade, PAR Ahmed, Z Alexander, KD Amiri, M Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Boenish, H Bowens-Rubin, R Buder, I Bullock, E Buza, V Connors, J Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Grayson, JA Halpern, M Harrison, S Hilton, GC Hristov, VV Irwin, KD Kang, J Karkare, KS Karpel, E Kefeli, S Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Lueker, M Megerian, KG Monticue, V Namikawa, T Netterfield, CB Nguyen, T O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Pryke, C Reintsema, CD Richter, S Schwarz, R Sorensen, C Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Steinbach, B Teply, GP Thompson, KL Tolan, JE Tucker, C Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Wandui, A Weber, AC Wiebe, DV Willmert, J Wu, WLK Yoon, KW AF Hui, H. Ade, P. A. R. Ahmed, Z. Alexander, K. D. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Boenish, H. Bowens-Rubin, R. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Buza, V. Connors, J. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Grayson, J. A. Halpern, M. Harrison, S. Hilton, G. C. Hristov, V. V. Irwin, K. D. Kang, J. Karkare, K. S. Karpel, E. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Megerian, K. G. Monticue, V. Namikawa, T. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sorensen, C. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Steinbach, B. Teply, G. P. Thompson, K. L. Tolan, J. E. Tucker, C. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wandui, A. Weber, A. C. Wiebe, D. V. Willmert, J. Wu, W. L. K. Yoon, K. W. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI BICEP3 focal plane design and detector performance SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Cosmic Microwave Background; BICEP; Keck Array; Polarization ID BOLOMETERS AB BICEP3, the latest telescope in the BICEP/Keck program, started science observations in March 2016. It is a 550mm aperture refractive telescope observing the polarization of the cosmic microwave background at 95 GHz. We show the focal plane design and detector performance, including spectral response, optical efficiency and preliminary sensitivity of the upgraded BICEP3. We demonstrate 9.72 mu K-CMB root s noise performance of the BICEP3 receiver. C1 [Hui, H.; Bock, J. J.; Filippini, J. P.; Hristov, V. V.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Steinbach, B.; Teply, G. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Ahmed, Z.; Grayson, J. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Karpel, E.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Monticue, V.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wandui, A.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ahmed, Z.; Grayson, J. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Karpel, E.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Monticue, V.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wandui, A.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Alexander, K. D.; Barkats, D.; Bischoff, C. A.; Boenish, H.; Bowens-Rubin, R.; Buder, I.; Buza, V.; Connors, J.; Harrison, S.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Sorensen, C.; Vieregg, A. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Amiri, M.; Halpern, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Benton, S. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Megerian, K. G.; Nguyen, T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A. C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Buza, V.; Kovac, J. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.; Willmert, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Teply, G. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wu, W. L. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hui, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hhui@caltech.edu OI Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Namikawa, Toshiya/0000-0003-3070-9240 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99140T DI 10.1117/12.2232986 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800018 ER PT S AU Hunacek, J Bock, J Bradford, CM Bumble, B Chang, TC Cheng, YT Cooray, A Crites, A Hailey-Dunsheath, S Gong, Y Li, CT O'Brient, R Shirokoff, E Shiu, C Sun, J Staniszewski, Z Uzgil, B Zemcov, M AF Hunacek, Jonathon Bock, James Bradford, C. Matt Bumble, Bruce Chang, Tzu-Ching Cheng, Yun-Ting Cooray, Asantha Crites, Abigail Hailey-Dunsheath, Steven Gong, Yan Li, Chao-Te O'Brient, Roger Shirokoff, Erik Shiu, Corwin Sun, Jason Staniszewski, Zachary Uzgil, Bade Zemcov, Michael BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Detector Modules and Spectrometers for the TIME-Pilot [CII] Intensity Mapping Experiment SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE reionization; intensity mapping; [CII]; spectrometers; bolometers; transition edge sensors ID CM POWER SPECTRUM; REIONIZATION; EPOCH; GALAXIES; Z-SIMILAR-TO-6; SUBMILLIMETER; CONSTRAINTS; UNIVERSE; QUASAR; GAS AB This proceeding presents the current TIME-Pilot instrument design and status with a focus on the close-packed modular detector arrays and spectrometers. Results of laboratory tests with prototype detectors and spectrometers are discussed. TIME-Pilot is a new mm-wavelength grating spectrometer array under development that will study the Epoch of Reionization (the period of time when the first stars and galaxies ionized the intergalactic medium) by mapping the fluctuations of the redshifted 157.7 mu m emission line of singly ionized carbon ([CII]) from redshift z similar to 5.2 to 8.5. As a tracer of star formation, the [CII] power spectrum can provide information on the sources driving reionization and complements 21 cm data (which traces neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium). Intensity mapping provides a measure of the mean [CII] intensity without the need to resolve and detect faint sources individually. We plan to target a 1 degree by 0.35 arcminute field on the sky and a spectral range of 199-305 GHz, producing a spatial-spectral slab which is 140 Mpc by 0.9 Mpc on-end and 1230 Mpc in the redshift direction. With careful removal of intermediate-redshift CO sources, we anticipate a detection of the halo-halo clustering term in the [CII] power spectrum consistent with current models for star formation history in 240 hours on the JCMT. TIME-Pilot will use two stacks of 16 parallel-plate waveguide spectrometers (one stack per polarization) with a resolving power R similar to 100 and a spectral range of 183 to 326 GHz. The range is divided into 60 spectral channels, of which 16 at the band edges on each spectrometer serve as atmospheric monitors. The diffraction gratings are curved to produce a compact instrument, each focusing the diffracted light onto an output arc sampled by the 60 bolometers. The bolometers are built in buttable dies of 8 (low freqeuency) or 12 (high frequency) spectral channels by 8 spatial channels and are mated to the spectrometer stacks. Each detector consists of a gold micro-mesh absorber and a titanium transition edge sensor (TES). The detectors (1920 total) are designed to operate from a 250 mK base temperature in an existing cryostat with a photon-noise-dominated NEP of similar to 2 * 10(-17) WHz(-1/2). A set of flexible superconducting cables connect the detectors to a time-domain multiplexing SQUID readout system. C1 [Hunacek, Jonathon; Bock, James; Bradford, C. Matt; Cheng, Yun-Ting; Crites, Abigail; Hailey-Dunsheath, Steven; O'Brient, Roger; Shiu, Corwin; Sun, Jason] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, James; Bradford, C. Matt; Bumble, Bruce; O'Brient, Roger; Staniszewski, Zachary] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Chang, Tzu-Ching; Li, Chao-Te] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Cooray, Asantha; Uzgil, Bade] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Zemcov, Michael] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Shirokoff, Erik] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gong, Yan] Natl Astron Observ China, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Hunacek, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99140L DI 10.1117/12.2233762 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800014 ER PT S AU Inoue, Y Ade, P Akiba, Y Aleman, C Arnold, K Baccigalupi, C Barch, B Barron, D Bender, A Boettger, D Borrill, J Chapman, S Chinone, Y Cukierman, A de Haan, T Dobbs, MA Ducout, A Dunner, R Elleflot, T Errard, J Fabbian, G Feeney, S Feng, C Fuller, G Gilbert, AJ Goeckner-Wald, N Groh, J Hall, G Halverson, N Hamada, T Hasegawab, M Hattori, K Hazumi, M Hill, C Holzapfel, WL Hori, Y Howe, L Irie, F Jaehnig, G Jaffe, A Jeong, O Katayama, N Kaufman, JP Kazemzadeh, K Keating, BG Kermish, Z Keskital, R Kisner, T Kusaka, A Le Jeune, M Lee, AT Leon, D Linder, EV Lowry, L Matsuda, F Matsumura, T Miller, N Mizukami, K Montgomery, J Navaroli, M Nishino, H Paare, H Peloton, J Poletti, D Puglisi, G Raum, CR Rebeiz, GM Reichardt, CL Richards, PL Ross, C Rotermund, KM Segawa, Y Sherwin, BD Shirley, I Siritanasak, P Stebor, N Stompor, R Suzuki, A Tajima, O Takada, S Takatori, S Teply, GP Tikhomirov, A Tomaru, T Whitehorn, N Zahn, A Zahn, O AF Inoue, Y. Ade, P. Akiba, Y. Aleman, C. Arnold, K. Baccigalupi, C. Barch, B. Barron, D. Bender, A. Boettger, D. Borrill, J. Chapman, S. Chinone, Y. Cukierman, A. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Ducout, A. Dunner, R. Elleflot, T. Errard, J. Fabbian, G. Feeney, S. Feng, C. Fuller, G. Gilbert, A. J. Goeckner-Wald, N. Groh, J. Hall, G. Halverson, N. Hamada, T. Hasegawab, M. Hattori, K. Hazumi, M. Hill, C. Holzapfel, W. L. Hori, Y. Howe, L. Irie, F. Jaehnig, G. Jaffe, A. Jeong, O. Katayama, N. Kaufman, J. P. Kazemzadeh, K. Keating, B. G. Kermish, Z. Keskital, R. Kisner, T. Kusaka, A. Le Jeune, M. Lee, A. T. Leon, D. Linder, E. V. Lowry, L. Matsuda, F. Matsumura, T. Miller, N. Mizukami, K. Montgomery, J. Navaroli, M. Nishino, H. Paare, H. Peloton, J. Poletti, D. Puglisi, G. Raum, C. R. Rebeiz, G. M. Reichardt, C. L. Richards, P. L. Ross, C. Rotermund, K. M. Segawa, Y. Sherwin, B. D. Shirley, I. Siritanasak, P. Stebor, N. Stompor, R. Suzuki, A. Tajima, O. Takada, S. Takatori, S. Teply, G. P. Tikhomirov, A. Tomaru, T. Whitehorn, N. Zahn, A. Zahn, O. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI POLARBEAR-2: an instrument for CMB polarization measurements SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Cosmic Microwave Background; IR filter; POLARBEAR-2; Polarization; Bolometer; Gravitational Wave; millimeter wave ID TRANSITION; UNIVERSE AB POLARBEAR-2 (PB-2) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment that will be located in the Atacama highland in Chile at an altitude of 5200 m. Its science goals are to measure the CMB polarization signals originating from both primordial gravitational waves and weak lensing. PB-2 is designed to measure the tensor to scalar ratio, r, with precision sigma(r) < 0.01, and the sum of neutrino masses, Sigma m(nu), with sigma(Sigma m(nu)) < 90 meV. To achieve these goals, PB-2 will employ 7588 transition-edge sensor bolometers at 95 GHz and 150 GHz, which will be operated at the base temperature of 250 mK. Science observations will begin in 2017. C1 [Inoue, Y.; Kazemzadeh, K.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Inoue, Y.; Hamada, T.; Hasegawab, M.; Hattori, K.; Hazumi, M.; Nishino, H.; Tajima, O.; Tomaru, T.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ade, P.; Aleman, C.; Fuller, G.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, S Glam, Wales. [Akiba, Y.; Hasegawab, M.; Hazumi, M.; Segawa, Y.; Tajima, O.; Takatori, S.] SOKENDAI, Grad Inst Adv Studies, Miura, Kanagawa 2400115, Japan. [Elleflot, T.; Howe, L.; Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, B. G.; Leon, D.; Lowry, L.; Matsuda, F.; Navaroli, M.; Siritanasak, P.; Stebor, N.; Teply, G. P.; Zahn, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Arnold, K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baccigalupi, C.; Fabbian, G.; Puglisi, G.] SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. [Barch, B.; Barron, D.; Chinone, Y.; Cukierman, A.; de Haan, T.; Goeckner-Wald, N.; Groh, J.; Hall, G.; Hill, C.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Hori, Y.; Jeong, O.; Keskital, R.; Lee, A. T.; Raum, C. R.; Richards, P. L.; Sherwin, B. D.; Shirley, I.; Suzuki, A.; Whitehorn, N.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bender, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Boettger, D.; Dunner, R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Borrill, J.; Keskital, R.; Kisner, T.; Kusaka, A.; Lee, A. T.; Linder, E. V.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chapman, S.; Ross, C.; Rotermund, K. M.; Tikhomirov, A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Dobbs, M. A.; Gilbert, A. J.; Montgomery, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada. [Ducout, A.; Feeney, S.; Jaffe, A.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Errard, J.] Sorbonne Univ, ILP, F-75014 Paris, France. [Feng, C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Halverson, N.; Jaehnig, G.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hazumi, M.; Irie, F.; Katayama, N.; Mizukami, K.] Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli IPMU WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Irie, F.; Katayama, N.; Mizukami, K.] Yokohama Natl Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Kermish, Z.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Le Jeune, M.; Peloton, J.; Poletti, D.; Stompor, R.] Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Obs Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. [Matsumura, T.] Japanese Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Sahamihara, Kanagawa 252510, Japan. [Miller, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Takada, S.] Natl Inst Fus Sci, 322-6 Oroshi Cho, Toki, Gifu, Japan. [Borrill, J.; Kisner, T.; Reichardt, C. L.; Suzuki, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bender, A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Halverson, N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aleman, C.; Elleflot, T.; Fuller, G.; Howe, L.; Kaufman, J. P.; Kazemzadeh, K.; Keating, B. G.; Leon, D.; Lowry, L.; Matsuda, F.; Navaroli, M.; Paare, H.; Rebeiz, G. M.; Siritanasak, P.; Stebor, N.; Teply, G. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Halverson, N.; Jaehnig, G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sherwin, B. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Inoue, Y (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan.; Inoue, Y (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99141I DI 10.1117/12.2231961 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800036 ER PT S AU Johnson, BR Flanigan, D Abitbol, MH Ade, PAR Bryan, S Cho, HM Datta, R Day, P Doyle, S Irwin, K Jones, G Kernasovskiy, S Li, DL Mauskopf, P McCarrick, H McMahon, J Miller, A Pisano, G Song, YR Surdi, H Tucker, C AF Johnson, Bradley R. Flanigan, Daniel Abitbol, Maximilian H. Ade, Peter A. R. Bryan, Sean Cho, Hsiao-Mei Datta, Rahul Day, Peter Doyle, Simon Irwin, Kent Jones, Glenn Kernasovskiy, Sarah Li, Dale Mauskopf, Phil McCarrick, Heather McMahon, Jeff Miller, Amber Pisano, Giampaolo Song, Yanru Surdi, Harshad Tucker, Carole BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Polarization Sensitive Multi-Chroic MKIDs SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE CMB; Polarization; MKID ID KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTORS; MILLIMETER; TELESCOPE; CAMERA; HORN AB We report on the development of scalable prototype microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) arrays tailored for future multi-kilo-pixel experiments that are designed to simultaneously characterize the polarization properties of both the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Galactic dust emission. These modular arrays are composed of horn-coupled, polarization-sensitive MKIDs, and each pixel has four detectors: two polarizations in two spectral bands between 125 and 280 GHz. A horn is used to feed each array element, and a planar orthomode transducer, composed of two waveguide probe pairs, separates the incoming light into two linear polarizations. Diplexers composed of resonant-stub band-pass filters separate the radiation into 125 to 170 GHz and 190 to 280 GHz pass bands. The millimeter-wave power is ultimately coupled to a hybrid co-planar waveguide microwave kinetic inductance detector using a novel, broadband circuit developed by our collaboration. Electromagnetic simulations show the expected absorption efficiency of the detector is approximately 90%. Array fabrication will begin in the summer of 2016. C1 [Johnson, Bradley R.; Flanigan, Daniel; Abitbol, Maximilian H.; Jones, Glenn; McCarrick, Heather; Miller, Amber] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Doyle, Simon; Pisano, Giampaolo; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Bryan, Sean; Mauskopf, Phil; Surdi, Harshad] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Irwin, Kent; Kernasovskiy, Sarah; Song, Yanru] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Datta, Rahul; McMahon, Jeff] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. [Day, Peter] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Irwin, Kent; Li, Dale] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM bjohnson@phys.columbia.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99140X DI 10.1117/12.2233243 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800021 ER PT S AU Karkare, KS Ade, PAR Ahmed, Z Alexander, KD Amiri, M Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Boenish, H Bowens-Rubin, R Buder, I Bullock, E Buza, V Connors, J Filippini, JP Fliescher, ST Grayson, JA Halpern, M Harrison, SA Hilton, GC Hristov, VV Hui, H Irwin, KD Kang, JH Karpel, S Kefeli, S Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Lueker, M Megerian, KG Monticue, V Namikawa, T Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Pryke, C Reintsema, CD Richter, S St Germaine, MT Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Steinbach, B Teply, GP Thompson, KL Tolan, JE Tucker, C Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Wandui, A Weber, A Willmert, J Wong, CL Wu, WLK Yoon, KW AF Karkare, K. S. Ade, P. A. R. Ahmed, Z. Alexander, K. D. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Boenish, H. Bowens-Rubin, R. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Buza, V. Connors, J. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. T. Grayson, J. A. Halpern, M. Harrison, S. A. Hilton, G. C. Hristov, V. V. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Kang, J. H. Karpel, E. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Megerian, K. C. Monticue, V. Namikawa, T. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. St Germaine, M. T. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Steinbach, B. Teply, C. P. Thompson, K. L. Tolan, J. E. Tucker, C. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wandui, A. Weber, A. Willmert, J. Wong, C. L. Wu, W. L. K. Yoon, K. W. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Optical characterization of the BICEP3 CMB polarimeter at the South Pole SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Inflation; Gravitational waves; Cosmic microwave background; Polarization; BICEP ID KECK ARRAY; PERFORMANCE; GHZ AB BICEP3 is a small-aperture refracting cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescope designed to make sensitive polarization maps in pursuit of a potential B-mode signal from inflationary gravitational waves. It is the latest in the BICEP/Keck Array series of CMB experiments located at the South Pole, which has provided the most stringent constraints on inflation to date. For the 2016 observing season, BICEP3 was outfitted with a full suite of 2400 optically coupled detectors operating at 95 GHz. In these proceedings we report on the far field beam performance using calibration data taken during the 2015-2016 summer deployment season in situ with a thermal chopped source. We generate high-fidelity per-detector beam maps, show the array-averaged beam profile, and characterize the differential beam response between co-located, orthogonally polarized detectors which contributes to the leading instrumental systematic in pair differencing experiments. We find that the levels of differential pointing, beamwidth, and ellipticity are similar to or lower than those measured for BICEP2 and Keck Array. The magnitude and distribution of BICEP3's differential beam mismatch - and the level to which temperature-to-polarization leakage may be marginalized over or subtracted in analysis - will inform the design of next-generation CMB experiments with many thousands of detectors. C1 [Karkare, K. S.; Alexander, K. D.; Barkats, D.; Bischoff, C. A.; Boenish, H.; Bowens-Rubin, R.; Buder, I.; Buza, V.; Connors, J.; Harrison, S. A.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; St Germaine, M. T.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Ahmed, Z.; Grayson, J. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J. H.; Karpel, E.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Monticue, V.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wandui, A.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, Z.; Grayson, J. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J. H.; Kuo, C. L.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wandui, A.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Amiri, M.; Halpern, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Benton, S. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Filippini, J. P.; Hristov, V. V.; Hui, H.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Steinbach, B.; Teply, C. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Megerian, K. C.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Fliescher, S. T.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Willmert, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Wu, W. L. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Karkare, KS (reprint author), 60 Garden St.MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kkarkare@cfa.harvard.edu OI Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Namikawa, Toshiya/0000-0003-3070-9240 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 991430 DI 10.1117/12.2231747 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800075 ER PT S AU Kogut, A Fixsen, DJ Nagler, P Tucker, G AF Kogut, Alan Fixsen, Dale J. Nagler, Peter Tucker, Gregory BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Systematic error mitigation for the PIXIE instrument SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE cosmic microwave background; polarimeter; Fourier transform spectrometer; systematic error AB The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) uses a nulling Fourier Transform Spectrometer to measure the absolute intensity and linear polarization of the cosmic microwave background and diffuse astrophysical foregrounds. PIXIE will search for the signature of primordial inflation and will characterize distortions from a blackbody spectrum, both to precision of a few parts per billion. Rigorous control of potential instrumental effects is required to take advantage of the raw sensitivity. PIXIE employs a highly symmetric design using multiple differential nulling to reduce the instrumental signature to negligible levels. We discuss the systematic error budget and mitigation strategies for the PIXIE mission. C1 [Kogut, Alan; Nagler, Peter] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fixsen, Dale J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nagler, Peter; Tucker, Gregory] Brown Univ, 182 Hope St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Kogut, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alan.J.Kogut@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 991438 DI 10.1117/12.2231092 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800080 ER PT S AU Koopman, B Austermann, J Cho, HM Coughlin, KP Duff, SM Gallardo, PA Hasselfield, M Henderson, SW Ho, SPP Hubmayr, J Irwin, KD Li, DL McMahon, J Nati, F Niemack, MD Newburgh, L Page, LA Salatino, M Schillaci, A Schmitt, BL Simon, SM Vavagiakis, EM Ward, JT Wollack, EJ AF Koopman, Brian Austermann, Jason Cho, Hsiao-Mei Coughlin, Kevin P. Duff, Shannon M. Gallardo, Patricio A. Hasselfield, Matthew Henderson, Shawn W. Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty Hubmayr, Johannes Irwin, Kent D. Li, Dale McMahon, Jeff Nati, Federico Niemack, Michael D. Newburgh, Laura Page, Lyman A. Salatino, Maria Schillaci, Alessandro Schmitt, Benjamin L. Simon, Sara M. Vavagiakis, Eve M. Ward, Jonathan T. Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Optical modeling and polarization calibration for CMB measurements with ACTPol and Advanced ACTPol SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Cosmic Microwave Background; polarization; ACTPol; detector angle ID COSMOLOGICAL DISTANCES; PROBE AB The Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (ACTPol) is a polarization sensitive upgrade to the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, located at an elevation of 5190 m on Cerro Toco in Chile. ACTPol uses transition edge sensor bolometers coupled to orthomode transducers to measure both the temperature and polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Calibration of the detector angles is a critical step in producing polarization maps of the CMB. Polarization angle offsets in the detector calibration can cause leakage in polarization from E to B modes and induce a spurious signal in the EB and TB cross correlations, which eliminates our ability to measure potential cosmological sources of EB and TB signals, such as cosmic birefringence. We calibrate the ACTPol detector angles by ray tracing the designed detector angle through the entire optical chain to determine the projection of each detector angle on the sky. The distribution of calibrated detector polarization angles are consistent with a global offset angle from zero when compared to the EB-nulling offset angle, the angle required to null the EB cross-correlation power spectrum. We present the optical modeling process. The detector angles can be cross checked through observations of known polarized sources, whether this be a galactic source or a laboratory reference standard. To cross check the ACTPol detector angles, we use a thin film polarization grid placed in front of the receiver of the telescope, between the receiver and the secondary reflector. Making use of a rapidly rotating half-wave plate (HWP) mount we spin the polarizing grid at a constant speed, polarizing and rotating the incoming atmospheric signal. The resulting sinusoidal signal is used to determine the detector angles. The optical modeling calibration was shown to be consistent with a global offset angle of zero when compared to EB nulling in the first ACTPol results and will continue to be a part of our calibration implementation. The first array of detectors for Advanced ACTPol, the next generation upgrade to ACTPol, will be deployed in 2016. We plan to continue using both techniques and compare them to astrophysical source measurements for the Advanced ACTPol polarization calibration. C1 [Koopman, Brian; Gallardo, Patricio A.; Henderson, Shawn W.; Niemack, Michael D.; Vavagiakis, Eve M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Austermann, Jason; Duff, Shannon M.; Hubmayr, Johannes] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Devices Grp, 325 Broadway MS 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hasselfield, Matthew] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hasselfield, Matthew] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nati, Federico; Schmitt, Benjamin L.; Ward, Jonathan T.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty; Page, Lyman A.; Salatino, Maria; Simon, Sara M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Coughlin, Kevin P.; McMahon, Jeff] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Santiago, Chile. [Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Astroingn, Fac Fis, Santiago, Chile. [Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Irwin, Kent D.; Li, Dale] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sandy Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Irwin, Kent D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Newburgh, Laura] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. RP Koopman, B (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM bjk98@cornell.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99142T DI 10.1117/12.2231912 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800069 ER PT S AU Lamb, JW Cleary, KA Gawande, RS Kooi, JW Laxen, MP Plambeck, RL Reeves, RA Kangaslahti, PP Varonen, M AF Lamb, James W. Cleary, Kieran A. Gawande, Rohit S. Kooi, Jacob W. Laxen, Michael P. Plambeck, Richard L. Reeves, Rodrigo A. Kangaslahti, Pekka P. Varonen, Mikko BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Sideband-separating MMIC receivers for observation in the 3-mm band SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Receivers; microwaves; millimeterwaves; sideband separation; interferometer; quadrature hybrid AB Wideband receivers for the 3-mm band were developed for CARMA, the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter wave Astronomy. Three cryogenic MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) amplifiers manufactured in InP 35-nm technology are combined in a block with waveguide probes and gain equalizers to cover the 80-116 GHz band. These are followed by a sideband-separating mixer that has two 17 GHZ wide outputs, for upper and lower sidebands. Each receiver has a feed horn followed by a circular-to-linear polarizer and orthomode transducer. The two polarizations are amplified by the cryogenic MMICs, and the outputs downconverted in sideband separating mixers, resulting in four 1-18 GHz channels that can be simultaneously correlated. The first receiver was tested in the lab, and on-sky tests conducted at CARMA. Measured noise temperatures were in the range 40-70 K, with a sideband rejection of about 15 dB. C1 [Lamb, James W.; Cleary, Kieran A.; Gawande, Rohit S.; Kooi, Jacob W.; Laxen, Michael P.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gawande, Rohit S.; Kooi, Jacob W.; Kangaslahti, Pekka P.; Varonen, Mikko] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Plambeck, Richard L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reeves, Rodrigo A.] Univ Concepcion, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepcion, Chile. [Varonen, Mikko] Aalto Univ, Sch Elect Engn, POB 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. RP Lamb, JW (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM lamb@caltech.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99140H DI 10.1117/12.2233106 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800011 ER PT S AU Li, YQ Choi, S Ho, SP Crowley, KT Salatino, M Simon, SM Staggs, ST Nati, F Ward, J Schmitt, BL Henderson, S Koopman, BJ Gallardo, PA Vavagiakis, EM Niemack, MD McMahon, J Duff, SM Schillaci, A Hubmayr, J Hilton, GC Beall, JA Wollack, EJ AF Li, Yaqiong Choi, Steve Ho, Shuay-Pwu Crowley, Kevin T. Salatino, Maria Simon, Sara M. Staggs, Suzanne T. Nati, Federico Ward, Jonathon Schmitt, Benjamin L. Henderson, Shawn Koopman, Brian J. Gallardo, Patricio A. Vavagiakis, Eve M. Niemack, Michael D. McMahon, Jeff Duff, Shannon M. Schillaci, Alessandro Hubmayr, Johannes Hilton, Gene C. Beall, James A. Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Assembly and Integration Process of the First High Density Detector Array for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Cosmic Microwave Background; Array packaging; Advanced ACTPol AB The Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) upgrade on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) consists of multichroic Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detector arrays to measure the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization anisotropies in multiple frequency bands. The first AdvACT detector array, sensitive to both 150 and 230 GHz, is fabricated on a 150 mm diameter wafer and read out with a completely different scheme compared to ACTPol. Approximately 2000 TES bolometers are packed into the wafer leading to both a much denser detector density and readout circuitry. The demonstration of the assembly and integration of the AdvACT arrays is important for the next generation CMB experiments, which will continue to increase the pixel number and density. We present the detailed assembly process of the first AdvACT detector array. C1 [Li, Yaqiong; Choi, Steve; Ho, Shuay-Pwu; Crowley, Kevin T.; Salatino, Maria; Simon, Sara M.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Nati, Federico; Ward, Jonathon; Schmitt, Benjamin L.] Univ Penn, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Henderson, Shawn; Koopman, Brian J.; Gallardo, Patricio A.; Vavagiakis, Eve M.; Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McMahon, Jeff] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duff, Shannon M.; Hubmayr, Johannes; Hilton, Gene C.; Beall, James A.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, 325 Broadway Mailcode 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Phys, Santiago, Spain. [Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Li, YQ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM yaqiongl@princeton.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 991435 DI 10.1117/12.2233470 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800078 ER PT S AU McCarrick, H Abitbol, MH Ade, PAR Barry, P Bryan, S Che, G Day, P Doyle, S Flanigan, D Johnson, BR Jones, G Leduc, HG Limon, M Mauskop, P Miller, A Tucker, C Zmuidzinas, J AF McCarrick, Heather Abitbol, Maximilian H. Ade, Peter A. R. Barry, Peter Bryan, Sean Che, George Day, Peter Doyle, Simon Flanigan, Daniel Johnson, Bradley R. Jones, Glenn LeDuc, Henry G. Limon, Michele Mauskop, Philip Miller, Amber Tucker, Carole Zmuidzinas, Jonas BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Development of dual-polarization LEKIDs for CMB observations SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Lumped element kinetic inductance detectors; cosmic microwave background; polarimetry; dual-polarization ID KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTORS AB We discuss the design considerations and initial measurements from arrays of dual-polarization, lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) nominally designed for cosmic microwave background (CMB) studies. The detectors are horn-coupled, and each array element contains two single-polarization LEKIDs, which are made from thin-film aluminum and optimized for a single spectral band centered on 150 GHz. We are developing two array architectures, one based on 160 micron thick silicon wafers and the other based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers with a 30 micron thick device layer. The 20-element test arrays (40 LEKIDs) are characterized with both a linearly-polarized electronic millimeter wave source and a thermal source. We present initial measurements including the noise spectra, noise-equivalent temperature, and responsivity. We discuss future testing and further design optimizations to be implemented. C1 [McCarrick, Heather; Abitbol, Maximilian H.; Flanigan, Daniel; Johnson, Bradley R.; Jones, Glenn; Limon, Michele; Miller, Amber] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bryan, Sean; Che, George; Mauskop, Philip] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Day, Peter; LeDuc, Henry G.; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Barry, Peter; Doyle, Simon; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. RP McCarrick, H (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM hlm2124@columbia.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99140O DI 10.1117/12.2231830 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800016 ER PT S AU Nagler, PC Crowley, KT Denis, KL Devasia, AM Fixsen, DJ Kogut, AJ Manos, G Porter, S Stevenson, TR AF Nagler, Peter C. Crowley, Kevin T. Denis, Kevin L. Devasia, Archana M. Fixsen, Dale J. Kogut, Alan J. Manos, George Porter, Scott Stevenson, Thomas R. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Multimode bolometer development for the PIXIE instrument SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE polarimeter; bolometer; Fourier transform spectrometer; cosmic microwave background ID SPECTRUM AB The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) is an Explorer-class mission concept designed to measure the polarization and absolute intensity of the cosmic microwave background. In the following, we report on the design, fabrication, and performance of the multimode polarization-sensitive bolometers for PIXIE, which are based on silicon thermistors. In particular we focus on several recent advances in the detector design, including the implementation of a scheme to greatly raise the frequencies of the internal vibrational modes of the large-area, low-mass optical absorber structure consisting of a grid of micromachined, ion-implanted silicon wires. With 30 times the absorbing area of the spider-web bolometers used by Planck, the tensioning scheme enables the PIXIE bolometers to be robust in the vibrational and acoustic environment at launch of the space mission. More generally, it could be used to reduce microphonic sensitivity in other types of low temperature detectors. We also report on the performance of the PIXIE bolometers in a dark cryogenic environment. C1 [Nagler, Peter C.; Denis, Kevin L.; Devasia, Archana M.; Manos, George; Stevenson, Thomas R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 553, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nagler, Peter C.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Crowley, Kevin T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fixsen, Dale J.; Kogut, Alan J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Porter, Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nagler, PC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 553, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Nagler, PC (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM peter.c.nagler@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99141A DI 10.1117/12.2231082 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800029 ER PT S AU Rostem, K Ali, A Appel, JW Bennett, CL Brown, A Chang, MP Chuss, DT Colazo, FA Costen, N Denis, KL Essinger-Hileman, T Hu, R Marriage, TA Moseley, SH Stevenson, TR U-Yen, K Wollack, EJ Xu, ZL AF Rostem, Karwan Ali, Aamir Appel, John W. Bennett, Charles L. Brown, Ari Chang, Meng-Ping Chuss, David T. Colazo, Felipe A. Costen, Nick Denis, Kevin L. Essinger-Hileman, Tom Hu, Ron Marriage, Tobias A. Moseley, Samuel H. Stevenson, Thomas R. U-Yen, Kongpop Wollack, Edward J. Xu, Zhilei BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Silicon-Based Antenna-Coupled Polarization-Sensitive Millimeter-Wave Bolometer Arrays for Cosmic Microwave Background Instruments SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Millimeter-Wave Detectors; Polarimeters; Transition-Edge Sensor; CMB Instruments ID MICROSTRIP; TRANSITIONS AB We describe feedhorn-coupled polarization-sensitive detector arrays that utilize monocrystalline silicon as the dielectric substrate material. Monocrystalline silicon has a low-loss tangent and repeatable dielectric constant, characteristics that are critical for realizing efficient and uniform superconducting microwave circuits. An additional advantage of this material is its low specific heat. In a detector pixel, two Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers are antenna-coupled to in-band radiation via a symmetric planar orthomode transducer (OMT). Each orthogonal linear polarization is coupled to a separate superconducting microstrip transmission line circuit. On-chip filtering is employed to both reject out-of-band radiation from the upper band edge to the gap frequency of the niobium superconductor, and to flexibly define the bandwidth for each TES to meet the requirements of the application. The microwave circuit is compatible with multi-chroic operation. Metalized silicon platelets are used to define the backshort for the waveguide probes. This micro-machined structure is also used to mitigate the coupling of out-of-band radiation to the microwave circuit. At 40 GHz, the detectors have a measured efficiency of similar to 90%. In this paper, we describe the development of the 90 GHz detector arrays that will be demonstrated using the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) ground-based telescope. C1 [Rostem, Karwan; Ali, Aamir; Appel, John W.; Bennett, Charles L.; Essinger-Hileman, Tom; Marriage, Tobias A.; Xu, Zhilei] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rostem, Karwan; Brown, Ari; Colazo, Felipe A.; Denis, Kevin L.; Stevenson, Thomas R.; U-Yen, Kongpop; Wollack, Edward J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chang, Meng-Ping; Costen, Nick; Hu, Ron] SGT Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, 7701 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Chuss, David T.] Villanova Univ, Dept Phys, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Rostem, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM karwan.rostem@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99140D DI 10.1117/12.2234308 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800007 ER PT S AU Simon, SM Austermann, J Beall, JA Choi, SK Coughlin, KP Duff, SM Gallardo, PA Henderson, SW Hills, FB Ho, SPP Hubmayr, J Josaitis, A Koopman, BJ McMahon, JJ Nati, F Newburgh, L Niemack, MD Salatino, M Schillaci, A Schmitt, BL Staggs, ST Vavagiakis, EM Ward, J Wollack, EJ AF Simon, Sara M. Austermann, Jason Beall, James A. Choi, Steve K. Coughlin, Kevin P. Duff, Shannon M. Gallardo, Patricio A. Henderson, Shawn W. Hills, Felicity B. Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty Hubmayr, Johannes Josaitis, Alec Koopman, Brian J. McMahon, Jeff J. Nati, Federico Newburgh, Laura Niemack, Michael D. Salatino, Maria Schillaci, Alessandro Schmitt, Benjamin L. Staggs, Suzanne T. Vavagiakis, Eve M. Ward, Jonathan Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The design and characterization of wideband spline-profiled feedhorns for Advanced ACTPol SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Advanced ACTPol; feedhorn; spline-profiled; wideband; polarization; cosmic microwave background ID ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE; GRAVITY-WAVES; POLARIZATION; HORN AB Advanced ACTPo1 (AdvACT) is an upgraded camera for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) that will measure the cosmic microwave background in temperature and polarization over a wide range of angular scales and five frequency bands from 28-230 GHz. AdvACT will employ four arrays of feedhorn-coupled, polarization sensitive multichroic detectors. To accommodate the higher pixel packing densities necessary to achieve AdvACT's sensitivity goals, we have developed and optimized wideband spline-profiled feedhorns for the AdvACT multichroic arrays that maximize coupling efficiency while carefully controlling polarization systematics. We present the design, fabrication, and testing of wideband spline-profiled feedhorns for the multichroic arrays of AdvACT. C1 [Simon, Sara M.; Choi, Steve K.; Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty; Salatino, Maria; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Austermann, Jason; Beall, James A.; Duff, Shannon M.; Hubmayr, Johannes] NIST, 325 Broadway MC 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Coughlin, Kevin P.; Hills, Felicity B.; Josaitis, Alec; McMahon, Jeff J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gallardo, Patricio A.; Henderson, Shawn W.; Koopman, Brian J.; Niemack, Michael D.; Vavagiakis, Eve M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nati, Federico; Schmitt, Benjamin L.; Ward, Jonathan] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Newburgh, Laura] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. [Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrophys, Santiago, Chile. [Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Simon, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM smstwo@princeton.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 991416 DI 10.1117/12.2233603 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800027 ER PT S AU Stebor, N Ade, P Akiba, Y Aleman, C Arnold, K Baccigalupi, C Barch, B Barron, D Beckman, S Bender, A Boettger, D Borrill, J Chapman, S Chinone, Y Cukierman, A de Haan, T Dobbs, MA Ducout, A Dunner, R Elleflot, T Errard, J Fabbian, G Feeney, S Feng, C Fujino, T Fuller, G Gilbert, AJ Goeckner-Wald, N Groh, J Hall, G Halverson, N Hamada, T Hasegawa, M Hattori, K Hazumi, M Hill, C Holzapfel, WL Hori, Y Howe, L Inoue, Y Irie, F Jaehnig, G Jaffe, A Jeong, O Katayama, N Kaufman, JP Kazemzadeh, K Keating, BG Kermish, Z Keskitalo, R Kisner, T Kusaka, A Le Jeune, M Lee, AT Leon, D Linder, EV Lowry, L Matsuda, F Matsumura, T Miller, N Montgomery, J Navaroli, M Nishino, H Paar, H Pelotonh, J Poletti, D Puglisi, G Raum, CR Rebeiz, GM Reichardt, CL Richard, PL Ross, C Rotermund, KM Segawa, Y Sherwin, BD Shirley, I Siritanasak, P Steinmetz, L Stompor, R Suzuki, A Tajima, O Takadav, S Takatori, S Teply, GP Tikhomirov, A Tomaru, T Westbrook, B Whitehorn, N Zahn, A Zahn, O AF Stebor, N. Ade, P. Akiba, Y. Aleman, C. Arnold, K. Baccigalupi, C. Barch, B. Barron, D. Beckman, S. Bender, A. Boettger, D. Borrill, J. Chapman, S. Chinone, Y. Cukierman, A. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Ducout, A. Dunner, R. Elleflot, T. Errard, J. Fabbian, G. Feeney, S. Feng, C. Fujino, T. Fuller, G. Gilbert, A. J. Goeckner-Wald, N. Groh, J. Hall, G. Halverson, N. Hamada, T. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, K. Hazumi, M. Hill, C. Holzapfel, W. L. Hori, Y. Howe, L. Inoue, Y. Irie, F. Jaehnig, G. Jaffe, A. Jeong, O. Katayama, N. Kaufman, J. P. Kazemzadeh, K. Keating, B. G. Kermish, Z. Keskitalo, R. Kisner, T. Kusaka, A. Le Jeune, M. Lee, A. T. Leon, D. Linder, E. V. Lowry, L. Matsuda, F. Matsumura, T. Miller, N. Montgomery, J. Navaroli, M. Nishino, H. Paar, H. Pelotonh, J. Poletti, D. Puglisi, G. Raum, C. R. Rebeiz, G. M. Reichardt, C. L. Richard, P. L. Ross, C. Rotermund, K. M. Segawa, Y. Sherwin, B. D. Shirley, I. Siritanasak, P. Steinmetz, L. Stompor, R. Suzuki, A. Tajima, O. Takadav, S. Takatori, S. Teply, G. P. Tikhomirov, A. Tomaru, T. Westbrook, B. Whitehorn, N. Zahn, A. Zahn, O. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The Simons Array CMB Polarization Experiment SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE cosmic microwave background radiation; polarization; polarimeters; inflation; neutrinos; dark matter; dark energy; gravitational lensing AB The Simons Array is a next generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment whose science target is a precision measurement of the B-mode polarization pattern produced both by inflation and by gravitational lensing. As a continuation and extension of the successful POL ARBEAR experimental program, the Simons Array will consist of three cryogenic receivers each featuring multichroic bolometer arrays mounted onto separate 3.5m telescopes. The first of these, also called POLARBEAR-2A, will be the first to deploy in late 2016 and has a large diameter focal plane consisting of dual-polarization dichroic pixels sensitive at 95 GHz and 150 GHz. The POLARBEAR-2A focal plane will utilize 7,588 antenna-coupled superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers read out with SQUID amplifiers using frequency domain multiplexing techniques. The next two receivers that will make up the Simons Array will be nearly identical in overall design but will feature extended frequency capability. The combination of high sensitivity, multichroic frequency coverage and large sky area available from our mid-latitude Chilean observatory will allow Simons Array to produce high quality polarization sky maps over a wide range of angular scales and to separate out the CMB B-modes from other astrophysical sources with high fidelity. After accounting for galactic foreground separation, the Simons Array will detect the primordial gravitational wave B-mode signal to r > 0.01 with a significance of > 5a and will constrain the sum of neutrino masses to 40 meV (lo-) when cross-correlated with galaxy surveys. We present the current status of this funded experiment, its future, and discuss its projected science return. C1 [Stebor, N.; Aleman, C.; Elleflot, T.; Fuller, G.; Howe, L.; Kaufman, J. P.; Kazemzadeh, K.; Keating, B. G.; Leon, D.; Lowry, L.; Matsuda, F.; Navaroli, M.; Paar, H.; Siritanasak, P.; Teply, G. P.; Zahn, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ade, P.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, S Glam, Wales. [Akiba, Y.; Hasegawa, M.; Hazumi, M.; Inoue, Y.; Rebeiz, G. M.; Segawa, Y.; Tajima, O.; Takatori, S.] SOKENDAI, Grad Inst Adv Studies, Miura Dist, Kanagawa 2400115, Japan. [Arnold, K.; Zahn, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baccigalupi, C.; Fabbian, G.; Puglisi, G.] SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. [Barch, B.; Barron, D.; Beckman, S.; Chinone, Y.; Cukierman, A.; de Haan, T.; Goeckner-Wald, N.; Groh, J.; Hall, G.; Hill, C.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Hori, Y.; Jeong, O.; Keskitalo, R.; Lee, A. T.; Raum, C. R.; Richard, P. L.; Sherwin, B. D.; Shirley, I.; Steinmetz, L.; Suzuki, A.; Westbrook, B.; Whitehorn, N.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bender, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Boettger, D.; Dunner, R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Borrill, J.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T.; Kusaka, A.; Lee, A. T.; Linder, E. V.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chapman, S.; Ross, C.; Rotermund, K. M.; Tikhomirov, A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Dobbs, M. A.; Gilbert, A. J.; Montgomery, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada. [Ducout, A.; Feeney, S.; Jaffe, A.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Errard, J.] Sorbonne Univ, ILP, F-75014 Paris, France. [Feng, C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Halverson, N.; Jaehnig, G.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hamada, T.; Hasegawa, M.; Hattori, K.; Hazumi, M.; Inoue, Y.; Segawa, Y.; Tajima, O.; Takatori, S.; Tomaru, T.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Chinone, Y.; Fujino, T.; Hazumi, M.; Irie, F.; Katayama, N.; Nishino, H.] Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli IPMU WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Fujino, T.; Irie, F.] Yokohama Natl Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Kermish, Z.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Le Jeune, M.; Poletti, D.; Stompor, R.] Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Obs Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. [Matsumura, T.] Japanese Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Sahamihara, Kanagawa 252510, Japan. [Miller, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Reichardt, C. L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Takadav, S.] Natl Inst Fus Sci, 322-6 Oroshi Cho, Toki, Gifu, Japan. [Borrill, J.; Kisner, T.; Suzuki, A.; Westbrook, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bender, A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Halverson, N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rebeiz, G. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Stebor, N.; Aleman, C.; Elleflot, T.; Fuller, G.; Howe, L.; Kaufman, J. P.; Kazemzadeh, K.; Keating, B. G.; Leon, D.; Lowry, L.; Matsuda, F.; Navaroli, M.; Paar, H.; Siritanasak, P.; Teply, G. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Halverson, N.; Jaehnig, G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Miura Dist, Kanagawa 2400115, Japan. [Sherwin, B. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pelotonh, J.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. RP Stebor, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Stebor, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM nstebor@ucsd.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99141H DI 10.1117/12.2233103 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800035 ER PT S AU Treuttel, J Schlecht, E Siles, J Lee, C Lin, R Thomas, B Gonzalez-Olvero, D Yee, JH Wu, D Mehdi, I AF Treuttel, Jeanne Schlecht, Erich Siles, Jose Lee, Choonsup Lin, Robert Thomas, Bertrand Gonzalez-Olvero, David Yee, Jeng-Hwa Wu, Dong Mehdi, Imran BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI A 2 THz Schottky Solid-State Heterodyne Receiver for Atmospheric Studies SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Terahertz spectroscopy; Schottky diodes; Heterodyne receivers; Atmospheric composition AB Obtaining temperature, pressure, and composition profiles along with wind velocities in the Earth's thermosphere/ ionosphere system is a key NASA goal for understanding our planet. We report on the status of a technology development effort to build an all-solid-state heterodyne receiver at 2.06 THz that will allow the measurement of the 2.06 THz [OI] line for altitudes greater than 100 km. The receiver front end features low-parasitic Schottky diode mixer chips that are driven by a local oscillator (LO) source using Schottky diode based multipliers. The multiplier chain consists of a 38 GHz oscillator followed by a set of three cascaded triplers at 114 GHz, 343 GHz and 1.03 THz. C1 [Treuttel, Jeanne; Schlecht, Erich; Siles, Jose; Lee, Choonsup; Lin, Robert; Gonzalez-Olvero, David; Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Thomas, Bertrand] Radiometer Phys GmbH, Meckenheim, Germany. [Yee, Jeng-Hwa] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wu, Dong] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Treuttel, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99141O DI 10.1117/12.2233744 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800040 ER PT S AU Ward, JT Austermann, J Beall, JA Choi, SK Crowley, KT Devlin, MJ Duff, SM Gallardo, PM Henderson, SW Ho, SPP Hilton, G Hubmayr, J Khavari, N Klein, J Koopman, BJ Li, DL McMahon, J Mumby, G Nati, F Niemack, MD Page, LA Salatino, M Schillaci, A Schmitt, BL Simon, SM Staggs, ST Thornton, R Ullom, JN Vavagiakis, EM Wollack, EJ AF Ward, Jonathan T. Austermann, Jason Beall, James A. Choi, Steve K. Crowley, Kevin T. Devlin, Mark J. Duff, Shannon M. Gallardo, Patricio M. Henderson, Shawn W. Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty Hilton, Gene Hubmayr, Johannes Khavari, Niloufar Klein, Jeffrey Koopman, Brian J. Li, Dale McMahon, Jeffrey Mumby, Grace Nati, Federico Niemack, Michael D. Page, Lyman A. Salatino, Maria Schillaci, Alessandro Schmitt, Benjamin L. Simon, Sara M. Staggs, Suzanne T. Thornton, Robert Ullom, Joel N. Vavagiakis, Eve M. Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Mechanical design and development of TES bolometer detector arrays for the Advanced ACTPol experiment SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Cosmic Microwave Background; Transition Edge Sensors; Millimeter-wave; Polarimetry; Polarization; Superconducting detectors AB The next generation Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) experiment is currently underway and will consist of four Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometer arrays, with three operating together, totaling similar to 5800 detectors on the sky. Building on experience gained with the ACTPol detector arrays, AdvACT will utilize various new technologies, including 150 mm detector wafers equipped with multichroic pixels, allowing for a more densely packed focal plane. Each set of detectors includes a feedhorn array of stacked silicon wafers which form a spline profile leading to each pixel. This is then followed by a waveguide interface plate, detector wafer, back short cavity plate, and backshort cap. Each array is housed in a custom designed structure manufactured from high purity copper and then gold plated. In addition to the detector array assembly, the array package also encloses cryogenic readout electronics. We present the full mechanical design of the AdvACT high frequency (HF) detector array package along with a detailed look at the detector array stack assemblies. This experiment will also make use of extensive hardware and software previously developed for ACT, which will be modified to incorporate the new AdvACT instruments. Therefore, we discuss the integration of all AdvACT arrays with pre-existing ACTPol infrastructure. C1 [Ward, Jonathan T.; Devlin, Mark J.; Khavari, Niloufar; Klein, Jeffrey; Mumby, Grace; Nati, Federico; Schmitt, Benjamin L.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Austermann, Jason; Beall, James A.; Duff, Shannon M.; Hilton, Gene; Hubmayr, Johannes; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, 325 Broadway Mailcode 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gallardo, Patricio M.; Henderson, Shawn W.; Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty; Koopman, Brian J.; Niemack, Michael D.; Vavagiakis, Eve M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Li, Dale] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sandy Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Choi, Steve K.; Crowley, Kevin T.; Page, Lyman A.; Salatino, Maria; Simon, Sara M.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schillaci, Alessandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrophys, Avda Libertador Bernardo OHiggins 340, Santiao, Chile. [Thornton, Robert] West Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, 700 South High St, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McMahon, Jeffrey] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Labs, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. RP Ward, JT (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 991437 DI 10.1117/12.2233746 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800079 ER PT S AU Wheeler, CH Neric, M Groppi, CE Underhill, M Mani, H Weinreb, S Russell, DS Kooi, JW Lichtenberger, AW Walker, CK Kulesa, C AF Wheeler, Caleb H. Neric, Marko Groppi, Christopher E. Underhill, Matthew Mani, Hamdi Weinreb, Sander Russell, Damon S. Kooi, Jacob W. Lichtenberger, Arthur W. Walker, Christopher K. Kulesa, Craig BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Results of using permanent magnets to suppress Josephson noise in the KAPPa SIS receiver SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE SIS junction; Heterodyne; KAPPa; Array Receivers; THz AB We present the results from the magnetic field generation within the Kilopixel Array Pathfinder Project (KAPPa) instrument. The KAPPa instrument is a terahertz heterodyne receiver using a Superconducting-Insulating-Superconducting (SIS) mixers. To improve performance, SIS mixers require a magnetic field to suppress Josephson noise. The KAPPa test receiver can house a tunable electromagnet used to optimize the applied magnetic field. The receiver is also capable of accommodating a permanent magnet that applies a fixed field. Our permanent magnet design uses off-the-shelf neodymium permanent magnets and then reshapes the magnetic field using machined steel concentrators. These concentrators allow the use of an unmachined permanent magnet in the back of the detector block while two small posts provide the required magnetic field across the SIS junction in the detector cavity. The KAPPa test receiver is uniquely suited to compare the permanent magnet and electromagnet receiver performance. The current work includes our design of a 'U' shaped permanent magnet, the testing and calibration procedure for the permanent magnet, and the overall results of the performance comparison between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet counterpart. C1 [Wheeler, Caleb H.; Neric, Marko; Groppi, Christopher E.; Underhill, Matthew; Mani, Hamdi; Kulesa, Craig] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, 781 E Terrace Rd, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Weinreb, Sander; Kooi, Jacob W.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Russell, Damon S.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Lichtenberger, Arthur W.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 351 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Walker, Christopher K.; Kulesa, Craig] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wheeler, CH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, 781 E Terrace Rd, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99141W DI 10.1117/12.2231358 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800045 ER PT S AU Wheeler, J Hailey-Dunsheath, S Shirokoff, E Barry, PS Bradford, CM Chapman, S Che, G Glenn, J Hollister, M Kovacs, A Leduc, HG Mauskopf, P McGeehan, R McKenney, CM O'Brient, R Padin, S Reck, T Ross, C Shiu, C Tucker, CE Williamson, R Zmuidzinas, J AF Wheeler, J. Hailey-Dunsheath, S. Shirokoff, E. Barry, P. S. Bradford, C. M. Chapman, S. Che, G. Glenn, J. Hollister, M. Kovacs, A. LeDuc, H. G. Mauskopf, P. McGeehan, R. McKenney, C. M. O'Brient, R. Padin, S. Reck, T. Ross, C. Shiu, C. Tucker, C. E. Williamson, R. Zmuidzinas, J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI SuperSpec: Development Towards a Full-Scale Filter Bank SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Kinetic Inductance Detectors; Millimeter-wave; TiN; Noise Equivalent Power; SuperSpec; Spectrometer; Filter-Bank; Critical Temperature AB SuperSpec is a new spectrometer-on-a-chip technology for submm/mm-wave spectroscopy. SuperSpec stands out from other direct-detection submm spectrometer technologies in that the detectors are coupled to a series of resonant filters along a single microwave feedline instead of using dispersive optics. SuperSpec makes use of kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) to detect radiation in this filter bank. The small profile of this design makes SuperSpec a natural choice to produce a multi-object spectrometer for tomographic mapping or galaxy redshift surveys. We have recently fabricated a device that is a 50 channel subset of a full 280 channel filter bank, which would cover the 190- 310 GHz range at R = 275. Analysis of the data from this device informs us of the potential design modifications to enable a high-yield background-limited SuperSpec spectrometer. The results indicate that this subset filter bank can scale up to a full filter bank with only a few collisions in readout space and less than 20% variation in responsivity for the detectors. Additionally, the characterization of this and other prototype devices suggests that the noise performance is limited by generation-recombination noise. Finally, we find that the detectors are sufficiently sensitive for ground-based spectroscopy at R = 100, appropriate for tomographic mapping experiments. Further modifications are required to reach the background limit for R = 400, ideal for spectroscopy of individual galaxies. C1 [Wheeler, J.; Glenn, J.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hailey-Dunsheath, S.; Bradford, C. M.; Hollister, M.; Kovacs, A.; Shiu, C.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd,Mail Code 301-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Shirokoff, E.; McGeehan, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Barry, P. S.; Tucker, C. E.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, 5 Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Chapman, S.; Ross, C.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Coburg Rd, Halifax, NS B3H 1A6, Canada. [Che, G.; Mauskopf, P.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Che, G.; Mauskopf, P.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Kovacs, A.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Astrophys, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [LeDuc, H. G.; O'Brient, R.; Reck, T.; Williamson, R.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McKenney, C. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wheeler, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Wheeler1711@gmail.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0207-6; 978-1-5106-0208-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9914 AR UNSP 99143K DI 10.1117/12.2233798 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PQ UT WOS:000385793800089 ER PT S AU Delacroix, C Savransky, D Garrett, D Lowrance, P Morgan, R AF Delacroix, Christian Savransky, Dmitry Garrett, Daniel Lowrance, Patrick Morgan, Rhonda BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI Science yield modeling with the Exoplanet Open-Source Imaging Mission Simulator (EXOSIMS) SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-28, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE high contrast imaging; exoplanets; space missions; WFIRST; coronagraphs; end-to-end simulator; integration time; zodiacal light ID HR 8799 AB We report on our ongoing development of EXOSIMS and mission simulation results for WFIRST. We present the interface control and the modular structure of the software, along with corresponding prototypes and class definitions for some of the software modules. More specifically, we focus on describing the main steps of our high-fidelity mission simulator EXOSIMS, i.e., the completeness, optical system and zodiacal light modules definition, the target list module filtering, and the creation of a planet population within our simulated universe module. For the latter, we introduce the integration of a recent mass-radius model from the FORECASTER software. We also provide custom modules dedicated to WFIRST using both the Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC) and the Shaped Pupil Coronagraph (SPC) for detection and characterization, respectively. In that context, we show and discuss the results of some preliminary WFIRST simulations, focusing on comparing different methods of integration time calculation, through ensembles (large numbers) of survey simulations. C1 [Delacroix, Christian; Savransky, Dmitry; Garrett, Daniel] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Delacroix, Christian; Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Carl Sagan Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lowrance, Patrick] CALTECH, IPAC, M-S 100-22,1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Morgan, Rhonda] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Delacroix, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.; Delacroix, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Carl Sagan Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cd458@cornell.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Delacroix, Christian/0000-0003-0150-4430 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9911 AR UNSP 991119 DI 10.1117/12.2233913 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PS UT WOS:000385794000039 ER PT S AU Gracey, R Bartoszyk, A Cofie, E Comber, B Hartig, G Howard, J Sabatke, D Wenzel, G Ohl, R AF Gracey, Renee Bartoszyk, Andrew Cofie, Emmanuel Comber, Brian Hartig, George Howard, Joseph Sabatke, Derek Wenzel, Greg Ohl, Raymond BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI Structural, thermal, and optical performance (STOP) modeling and results for the James Webb Space Telescope integrated science instrument module SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-28, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE STOP; ISIM; structural; thermal; optical; gravity; jitter AB The James Webb Space Telescope includes the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) element that contains four science instruments (SI) including a Guider. We performed extensive structural, thermal, and optical performance (STOP) modeling in support of all phases of ISIM development. In this paper, we focus on modeling and results associated with test and verification. ISIM's test program is bound by ground environments, mostly notably the lg and test chamber thermal environments. This paper describes STOP modeling used to predict ISIM system performance in 0g and at various on-orbit temperature environments. The predictions are used to project results obtained during testing to on-orbit performance. C1 [Gracey, Renee; Sabatke, Derek] Ball Aerosp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Bartoszyk, Andrew; Howard, Joseph; Ohl, Raymond] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cofie, Emmanuel] SGT Inc, 7515 Mission Dr,Suite 300, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Comber, Brian] Comber Thermal Solut, 8367 Silver Trumpet Dr, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. [Hartig, George] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wenzel, Greg] Sierra Lobo Inc, 6301 Ivy Lane,Suite 620, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Gracey, R (reprint author), Ball Aerosp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM rgracey@ball.com NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9911 AR UNSP 99111A DI 10.1117/12.2233641 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PS UT WOS:000385794000040 ER PT S AU Heap, S Folta, D Gong, Q Howard, J Hull, T Purves, L AF Heap, Sara Folta, David Gong, Qian Howard, Joseph Hull, Tony Purves, Lloyd BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI End-to-end simulations and planning of a small space telescope: Galaxy Evolution Spectroscopic Explorer - a case study SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-28, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE space telescopes; end-to-end simulations; operations of small space telescopes; multi-object slit spectrographs ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES AB Large astronomical missions are usually general-purpose telescopes with a suite of instruments optimized for different wavelength regions, spectral resolutions, etc. Their end-to-end (E2E) simulations are typically photons-in to flux-out calculations made to verify that each instrument meets its performance specifications. In contrast, smaller space missions are usually single-purpose telescopes, and their E2E simulations start with the scientific question to be answered and end with an assessment of the effectiveness of the mission in answering the scientific question. Thus, E2E simulations for small missions consist a longer string of calculations than for large missions, as they include not only the telescope and instrumentation, but also the spacecraft, orbit, and external factors such as coordination with other telescopes. Here, we illustrate the strategy and organization of small-mission E2E simulations using the Galaxy Evolution Spectroscopic Explorer (GESE) as a case study. GESE is an Explorer/Probe-class space mission concept with the primary aim of understanding galaxy evolution. Operation of a small survey telescope in space like GESE is usually simpler than operations of large telescopes driven by the varied scientific programs of the observers or by transient events. Nevertheless, both types of telescopes share two common challenges: maximizing the integration time on target, while minimizing operation costs including communication costs and staffing on the ground. We show in the case of GESE how these challenges can be met through a custom orbit and a system design emphasizing simplification and leveraging information from ground-based telescopes. C1 [Heap, Sara; Folta, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gong, Qian; Howard, Joseph] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 551, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hull, Tony] Univ New Mexico, 1155 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Purves, Lloyd] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 599, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Heap, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9911 AR 991117 DI 10.1117/12.2234249 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PS UT WOS:000385794000037 ER PT S AU Karban, R Dekens, FG Herzig, S Elaasar, M Jankevicius, N AF Karban, Robert Dekens, Frank G. Herzig, Sebastian Elaasar, Maged Jankevicius, Nerijus BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI Creating systems engineering products with executable models in a model-based engineering environment SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-28, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE MBSE; SysML; Verification; Requirements AB Applying systems engineering across the life-cycle results in a number of products built from interdependent sources of information using different kinds of system level analysis. This paper focuses on leveraging the Executable System Engineering Method (ESEM) [1] [2], which automates requirements verification (e.g. power and mass budget margins and duration analysis of operational modes) using executable SysML [3] models. The particular value proposition is to integrate requirements, and executable behavior and performance models for certain types of system level analysis. The models are created with modeling patterns that involve structural, behavioral and parametric diagrams, and are managed by an open source Model Based Engineering Environment (named OpenMBEE [4]). This paper demonstrates how the ESEM is applied in conjunction with OpenMBEE to create key engineering products (e.g. operational concept document) for the Alignment and Phasing System (APS) within the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) project [5], which is under development by the TMT International Observatory (TIO) [5]. C1 [Karban, Robert; Dekens, Frank G.; Herzig, Sebastian; Elaasar, Maged] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jankevicius, Nerijus] No Mag Inc, LT-51480 Kaunas, Lithuania. RP Karban, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.karban@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9911 AR UNSP 99110B DI 10.1117/12.2232785 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PS UT WOS:000385794000008 ER PT S AU Redding, D AF Redding, D. BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI Optical error budgeting using linearized ray-trace models SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-28, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Wavefront error; linearized ray-trace; wavefront control AB The Root-Sum-Squared, or "RSS" wavefront error model is a simple, scalar tool, commonly used for space telescope error budgeting. At the same time, much more detailed models, combining ray-trace and Fourier optics with optical alignments and wavefront controls, can provide accurate, high-resolution simulations for detailed system and subsystem design. This paper makes a connection between the two modeling approaches by deriving RSS model coefficients from ray-trace models, including the effects of wavefront controls, for computing system performance from component error statistics. It is shown that, properly constructed, the simple RSS error budget is a covariance analysis, and can be as accurate as high-resolution wavefront models for statistical wavefront error prediction. A notional segmented-aperture space telescope is used to illustrate this error modeling process. C1 [Redding, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Redding, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9911 AR UNSP 99110F DI 10.1117/12.2234484 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PS UT WOS:000385794000012 ER PT S AU Stahl, HP Henrichs, T AF Stahl, H. Philip Henrichs, Todd BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI Towards a multi-variable parametric cost model for ground and space telescopes SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-28, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Space Telescope Cost Model; Parametric Cost Model AB Parametric cost models can be used by designers and project managers to perform relative cost comparisons between major architectural cost drivers and allow high-level design trades; enable cost-benefit analysis for technology development investment; and, provide a basis for estimating total project cost between related concepts. This paper hypothesizes a single model, based on published models and engineering intuition, for both ground and space telescopes: OTA Cost similar to (X) D ((1.75 +/- 0.05)) lambda ((-0.5 +/- 0.25)) T-0.25 e ((-0.04)Y) Specific findings include: space telescopes cost 50X to 100X more ground telescopes; diameter is the most important CER; cost is reduced by approximately 50% every 20 years (presumably because of technology advance and process improvements); and, for space telescopes, cost associated with wavelength performance is balanced by cost associated with operating temperature. Finally, duplication only reduces cost for the manufacture of identical systems (i. e. multiple aperture sparse arrays or interferometers). And, while duplication does reduce the cost of manufacturing the mirrors of segmented primary mirror, this cost savings does not appear to manifest itself in the final primary mirror assembly (presumably because the structure for a segmented mirror is more complicated than for a monolithic mirror). C1 [Stahl, H. Philip] NASA MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35821 USA. [Henrichs, Todd] Missile Def Agcy, Huntsville, AL 35821 USA. RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35821 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9911 AR UNSP 99110L DI 10.1117/12.2234088 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PS UT WOS:000385794000018 ER PT S AU Wang, J Mawet, D Hu, RY Benneke, B AF Wang, Ji Mawet, Dimitri Hu, Renyu Benneke, Bjorn BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI High-Contrast Imaging and High-Resolution Spectroscopy Observation of Exoplanets SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-28, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Exoplanet; coronagraph; high-contrast imaging; high-resolution spectrograph; atmospheric modeling ID TAU BOOTIS B; CARBON-MONOXIDE; WATER-ABSORPTION; ORBITAL MOTION; ATMOSPHERES; PLANET; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; CONSTRAINTS; DAYSIDE; MODELS AB Detection and characterization of exoplanets faces challenges of smaller angular separation and high contrast between exoplanets and their host stars. High contrast imaging (HCI) instruments equipped with coronagraphs are built to meet these challenges, providing a way of spatially suppressing and separating stellar flux from that of a planet. Another way of separating stellar flux can be achieved by high-resolution spectroscopy (HRS), exploiting the fact that spectral features are different between a star and a planet. Observing exoplanets with HCI+HRS will achieve a higher contrast than the spatial or the spectroscopic method alone, improving the sensitivity to planet detection and enabling the study of the physical and chemical processes. Here, we simulate the performance of a HCI+HRS instrument (i.e., the upgrade Keck NIRSPEC and the fiber injection unit) to study its potential in detecting and characterizing currently known directly imaged planets. The simulation considers the spectral information content of an exoplanet, telescope and instrument specifications and realistic noise sources. The result of the simulation helps to set system requirement and informs designs at system-level. C1 [Wang, Ji; Mawet, Dimitri] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hu, Renyu] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hu, Renyu; Benneke, Bjorn] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ji.wang@caltech.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9911 AR UNSP 99112T DI 10.1117/12.2235216 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PS UT WOS:000385794000084 ER PT S AU Zhou, HY Krist, J Nemati, B AF Zhou, Hanying Krist, John Nemati, Bijan BE Angeli, GZ Dierickx, P TI Diffraction Modeling of Finite Subband EFC Probing on Dark Hole Contrast with WFIRST-CGI Shaped Pupil Coronagraph SO MODELING, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy VII CY JUN 26-28, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE diffraction modeling; coronagraph; shaped pupil coronagraph; Electric Field Conjugation algorithm; mwavefront sensing and control; EFC probing; WFIRST AB The current NASA WFIRST (Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope) coronagraph instrument (CGI) design allocates two subband filters per each full science band in order to contain system complexity and cost. We present our detailed investigation results on the adequacy of such a limited number of finite subband filters in achieving broadband dark hole contrast with a shaped pupil coronagraph (SPC). The study is based on diffraction propagation modeling with realistic WFIRST optics, where each subband's image plane electric field is estimated from pairwise pupil plane deformable mirror (DM) probing and image plane intensity averaging of the resulting fields of multiple (subband) wavelengths. Multiple subband choices and probing and control strategies are explored, including standard subband probing; mixed wavelength and/or weighted Jacobian matrix; subband probing with intensity subtraction; and extended subband probing with intensity subtraction. Overall, the investigation shows that the achievable contrast with a limited number of finite subbands is about 2 similar to 2.5x worse than the designed contrast for the current SPC. The result suggests that future shaped pupil designs should be optimized for slightly broader bandwidths than the intended science bandpasses if limited subbands are used for wavefront sensing via probing. C1 [Zhou, Hanying; Krist, John; Nemati, Bijan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zhou, HY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM hanying.zhou@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0201-4; 978-1-5106-0202-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9911 AR UNSP 99111S DI 10.1117/12.2232129 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BF9PS UT WOS:000385794000052 ER PT B AU Laflin, JJ Anderson, KS Hans, M AF Laflin, Jeremy J. Anderson, Kurt S. Hans, Mike BE FontLlagunes, JM TI Enhancing the Performance of the DCA When Forming and Solving the Equations of Motion for Multibody Systems SO MULTIBODY DYNAMICS: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE Computational Methods in Applied Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2015 CL Univ Politecnica Catalunya, Barcelona Sch Ind Engn, Barcelona, SPAIN SP ECCOMAS HO Univ Politecnica Catalunya, Barcelona Sch Ind Engn ID PARALLEL O(LOG(N)) CALCULATION; ARTICULATED-BODY ALGORITHM; CONQUER ALGORITHM; DYNAMICS AB This chapter provides an initial investigation into using the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) (or similar hardware) to execute the Divide-and-Conquer Algorithm (DCA), which forms and solves the equations-of-motion for articulated multibody systems. The computational time required to form and solve the equations-of-motion of a simple n-length pendulum using the GPU is compared with a standard serial CPU implementation, a rudimentary parallelization on the CPU using OpenMP, and some combinations of the CPU and the GPU. The hybrid version uses the GPU for a select number of levels in the recursive sweeps and uses an OpenMP parallelization on a multi-core CPU for the remaining levels of recursion. The results demonstrate a significant performance increase when the GPU is used despite recursive algorithms being ill-suited to hardware designed for Single Instruction Multi-Data (SIMD). This is largely due to the tree-type structure of recursive processes, with half of the required operations being contained in the first level of recursion for a binary tree. C1 [Laflin, Jeremy J.; Anderson, Kurt S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Hans, Mike] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Laflin, JJ (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM laflij2@rpi.edu; anderk5@rpi.edu; Michael.A.Hans.Jr@jpl.nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-319-30614-8; 978-3-319-30612-4 J9 COMPUT METH APPL SCI PY 2016 VL 42 BP 19 EP 31 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-30614-8_2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BF8YR UT WOS:000385278600002 ER PT B AU Reddy, DR Lee, CM AF Reddy, Dhanireddy R. Lee, Chi-Ming GP ASME TI AN OVERVIEW OF LOW-EMISSION COMBUSTION RESEARCH AT NASA GLENN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 4A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 13-17, 2016 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB An overview of research efforts at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in low-emission combustion technology that have made a significant impact on the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission reduction in aircraft propulsion is presented. The technology advancements and their impact on aircraft emissions are discussed in the context of NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) high-level goals in fuel burn, noise and emission reductions. The highlights of the research presented here show how the past and current efforts laid the foundation for the engines that are flying today as well as how the continued technology advancements will significantly influence the next generation of aviation propulsion system designs. C1 [Reddy, Dhanireddy R.; Lee, Chi-Ming] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Reddy, DR (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4975-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V04AT04A003 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF9CT UT WOS:000385457400003 ER PT S AU Arenberg, J Adamson, J Harpole, G Niedner, M Bowers, C Mehalick, K Lightsey, P AF Arenberg, J. Adamson, J. Harpole, G. Niedner, M. Bowers, C. Mehalick, K. Lightsey, P. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Radiance from an Ice Contaminated Surface SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE James Webb Space Telescope; sunshield; spacecraft AB The formation of water ice on key thermal and optical surfaces is a factor in the design of the James Webb Space Telescope. Many of these concerns are related to the mid-infrared stray light performance of the system. In this paper, an expression for the radiance of a contaminated surface is formulated, including directional, film thickness and cooling effects. The resulting formula is then evaluated to show how radiance emanating from the surface changes for various thicknesses of the ice layer as a function wavelength and the local thermal environment. This paper concludes with an analysis and discussion of this complex behavior. C1 [Arenberg, J.; Adamson, J.; Harpole, G.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Niedner, M.; Bowers, C.; Mehalick, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lightsey, P.] Ball Aerosp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Arenberg, J (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99046G DI 10.1117/12.2234487 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100183 ER PT S AU Arenberg, J Flynn, J Cohen, A Lynch, R Cooper, J AF Arenberg, J. Flynn, J. Cohen, A. Lynch, R. Cooper, J. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Status of the JWST Sunshield and Spacecraft SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE James Webb Space Telescope; sunshield; spacecraft AB This paper reports on the development, manufacture and integration of the James Webb Space Telescope's sunshield and spacecraft. Both of these JWST elements have completed design and development testing. This paper will review basic architecture and roles of these systems. Also to be presented is the current state of manufacture, assembly integration and test. This paper will conclude with a look at the road ahead for each subsystem prior to integration with the integrated telescope and instrument elements at Northrop Grumman's Space Park facility in late 2017. C1 [Arenberg, J.; Flynn, J.; Cohen, A.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Lynch, R.; Cooper, J.] NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Arenberg, J (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990405 DI 10.1117/12.2234481 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100004 ER PT S AU Aronstein, DL Smith, JS Zielinski, TP Telfer, R Tournois, SC Moore, DB Fienup, JR AF Aronstein, David L. Smith, J. Scott Zielinski, Thomas P. Telfer, Randal Tournois, Severine C. Moore, Dustin B. Fienup, James R. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Wavefront-error performance characterization for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) science instruments SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE James Webb Space Telescope; Integrated Science Instrument Module; wavefront sensing; phase retrieval; wavefront error; focus sweeps; Monte Carlo simulations ID TRANSVERSE TRANSLATION DIVERSITY; PHASE-RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; DIFFRACTION PLANE PICTURES; IMAGE AB The science instruments (SIs) comprising the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) were tested in three cryogenic-vacuum test campaigns in the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)'s Space Environment Simulator (SES) test chamber. In this paper, we describe the results of optical wavefront-error perfourrance characterization of the SIs. The wavefront error is determined using image-based wavefront sensing, and the primary data used by this process are focus sweeps, a series of images recorded by the instrument under test in its as-used configuration, in which the focal plane is systematically changed from one image to the next. High-precision determination of the wavefront error also requires several sources of secondary data, including 1) spectrum, apodization, and wavefront-error characterization of the optical ground-support equipment (OGSE) illumination module, called the OTE Simulator (OSIM), 2) f/# and pupil-distortion measurements made using a pseudo-nonredundant mask (PNRM), and 3) pupil-geometry predictions for each SI field point tested, which are complicated because of a tricontagon-shaped outer perimeter and small holes that appear in the exit pupil due to the way that different light sources are injected into the optical path by the OGSE. One set of wavefront-error tests, for the coronagraphic channel of the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) Longwave instruments, was performed using data from transverse-translation diversity (TTD) sweeps instead of focus sweeps, in which a sub aperture is translated and/or rotated across the exit pupil of the system from one image to the next. Several optical-performance requirements that were verified during this ISIM Element-level testing are levied on the uncertainties of various wavefront-error-related quantities rather than on the wavefront errors themselves. This paper also gives an overview of the methodology, based on Monte Carlo simulations of the wavefront-sensing analysis of focus-sweep data, used to establish the uncertainties of the wavefront-error maps. C1 [Aronstein, David L.; Smith, J. Scott; Zielinski, Thomas P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Telfer, Randal] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Tournois, Severine C.] Sigma Space Corp, 4600 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Moore, Dustin B.; Fienup, James R.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Aronstein, DL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.aronstein@nasa.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990409 DI 10.1117/12.2233842 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100008 ER PT S AU Atkinson, C Texter, S Keski-Kuha, R Feinberg, L AF Atkinson, Charlie Texter, Scott Keski-Kuha, Ritva Feinberg, Lee BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Status of the JWST Optical Telescope Element SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE JWST; space-based; observatory; infrared AB Significant progress has been made in the development of the Optical Telescope Element (OTE) for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Observatory. At the time of the conference, the OTE will have been completely assembled, including deployment testing and optics alignment and installation. This paper will discuss those accomplishments. C1 [Atkinson, Charlie; Texter, Scott] Northrop Grumman, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Keski-Kuha, Ritva; Feinberg, Lee] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Atkinson, C (reprint author), Northrop Grumman, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990403 DI 10.1117/12.2232649 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100002 ER PT S AU Belikov, R Bendek, E Pluzhnik, E Sirbu, D Thomas, SJ AF Belikov, Ruslan Bendek, Eduardo Pluzhnik, Eugene Sirbu, Dan Thomas, Sandrine J. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI High Contrast Imaging in Multi-Star Systems: Technology Development and First Lab Results SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE exoplanet; exo-Earth; high contrast; direct imaging; coronagraph; wavefront control; binary; Alpha Centauri AB We show preliminary laboratory results advancing the technology readiness of a method to directly image planets and disks in multi-star systems such as Alpha Centauri. This method works with almost any coronagraph (or external occulter with a DM) and requires little or no change to existing and mature hardware. Because of the ubiquity of multistar systems, this method potentially multiplies the science yield of many missions and concepts such as WFIRST, Exo-C/S, HabEx, LUVOIR, and potentially enables the detection of Earth-like planets (if they exist) around our nearest neighbor star, Alpha Centauri, with a small and low-cost space telescope such as ACESat. We identified two main challenges associated with double-star (or multi-star) systems and methods to solve them. "Multi-Star Wavefront Control" (MSWC) enables the independent suppression of starlight from more than one star, and Super-Nyquist Wavefront Control (SNWC) enables extending MSWC to the case where star separation is beyond the Nyquist limit of the deformable mirror (DM). Our lab demonstrations were conducted at the Ames Coronagraph Experiment (ACE) laboratory and proved the basic principles of both MSWC and SNWC. They involved a 32x32 deformable mirror but no coronagraph for simplicity. We used MSWC to suppress starlight independently from two stars by at least an order of magnitude, in monochromatic as well as broadband light as broad as 50%. We also used SNWC to suppress starlight at 32 1/D, surpassing the Nyquist limit of the DM. C1 [Belikov, Ruslan; Bendek, Eduardo; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Sirbu, Dan] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Thomas, Sandrine J.] Large Synopt Survey Telescope, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Belikov, R (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ruslan.belikov@nas.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990422 DI 10.1117/12.2233914 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100061 ER PT S AU Bolcar, MR Feinberg, L France, K Rauscher, BJ Redding, D Schiminovich, D AF Bolcar, Matthew R. Feinberg, Lee France, Kevin Rauscher, Bernard J. Redding, David Schiminovich, David BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Initial Technology Assessment for the Large-Aperture UV-Optical-Infrared (LUVOIR) Mission Concept Study SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE large space telescopes; technology development; coronagraphy; stable systems; detectors; starshades; mirror coatings AB The NASA Astrophysics Division's 30-Year Roadmap prioritized a future large-aperture space telescope operating in the ultra-violet/optical/infrared wavelength regime. The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy envisioned a similar observatory, the High Definition Space Telescope. And a multi-institution group also studied the Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope. In all three cases, a broad science case is outlined, combining general astrophysics with the search for biosignatures via direct-imaging and spectroscopic characterization of habitable exoplanets. We present an initial technology assessment that enables such an observatory that is currently being studied for the 2020 Decadal Survey by the Large UV/Optical/Infrared (LUVOIR) surveyor Science and Technology Definition Team. We present here the technology prioritization for the 2016 technology cycle and define the required technology capabilities and current state-of-the-art performance. Current, planned, and recommended technology development efforts are also reported. C1 [Bolcar, Matthew R.; Feinberg, Lee; Rauscher, Bernard J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [France, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, UCB 600, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Redding, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schiminovich, David] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, Broadway & 116th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Bolcar, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM matthew.bolcar@nasa.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99040J DI 10.1117/12.2230769 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100017 ER PT S AU Bright, SN Ressler, ME Alberts, S Noriega-Crespo, A Morrison, JE Garcia-Marin, M Fox, O Rieke, GH Glasse, AC Wright, GS Hines, DC Bouchet, P Dicken, D AF Bright, Stacey N. Ressler, M. E. Alberts, Stacey Noriega-Crespo, Alberto Morrison, Jane E. Garcia-Marin, Macarena Fox, Ori Rieke, G. H. Glasse, Alistair C. Wright, G. S. Hines, Dean C. Bouchet, P. Dicken, D. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI MIRI/JWST Detector Characterization SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE JWST; MIRI; Detector ID WEBB-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MIDINFRARED INSTRUMENT AB We report on tests of the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) focal plane electronics (FPE) and detectors conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The goals of these tests are to: characterize the performance of readout modes; establish subarray operations; characterize changes to performance when switching between subarrays and/or readout modes; fine tune detector settings to mitigate residual artifacts; optimize anneal effectiveness; and characterize persistence. The tests are part of a continuing effort to support the MIRI pipeline development through better understanding of the detector behavior. An extensive analysis to determine the performance of the readout modes was performed. We report specifically on the comparison of the fast and slow readout modes and subarray tests. C1 [Bright, Stacey N.; Noriega-Crespo, Alberto; Morrison, Jane E.; Fox, Ori; Hines, Dean C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Balitmore, MD 21218 USA. [Ressler, M. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Alberts, Stacey; Morrison, Jane E.; Rieke, G. H.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ USA. [Garcia-Marin, Macarena] European Space Agcy ESA STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Glasse, Alistair C.; Wright, G. S.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bouchet, P.; Dicken, D.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA IRFU SAp, Lab AIM Paris Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Bright, SN (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Balitmore, MD 21218 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990441 DI 10.1117/12.2231751 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100116 ER PT S AU Coulter, DR Gallagher, DB Siegler, N Shaklan, S Stapelfeldt, K Traub, WA AF Coulter, Daniel R. Gallagher, David B. Siegler, Nicholas Shaklan, Stuart Stapelfeldt, Karl Traub, Wesley A. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The maturing of high contrast imaging and starlight suppression techniques for future NASA exoplanet characterization missions SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Exoplanets; coronagraph; starshade; high contrast; starlight suppression ID PUPIL LYOT CORONAGRAPHS; EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; PIAA CORONAGRAPHY AB Over 3000 exoplanets and hundreds of exoplanetary systems have been detected to date and we are now rapidly moving toward an era where the focus is shifting from detection to direct imaging and spectroscopic characterization of these new worlds and their atmospheres. NASA is currently studying several exoplanet characterization mission concepts for the 2020 Decadal Survey ranging from probe class to flagships. Detailed and comprehensive exoplanet characterization, particularly of exo-Earths, leading to assessment of habitability, or indeed detection of life, will require significant advances beyond the current state-of-the-art in high contrast imaging and starlight suppression techniques which utilize specially shaped precision optical elements to block the light from the parent star while controlling scattering and diffraction thus revealing and enabling spectroscopic study of the orbiting exoplanets in reflected light. In this paper we describe the two primary high contrast starlight suppression techniques currently being pursued by NASA: 1) coronagraphs (including several design variations) and 2) free-flying starshades. These techniques are rapidly moving from the technology development phase to the design and engineering phase and we discuss the prospects and projected performance for future exoplanet characterization missions utilizing these techniques coupled with large aperture telescopes in space. C1 [Coulter, Daniel R.; Gallagher, David B.; Siegler, Nicholas; Shaklan, Stuart; Stapelfeldt, Karl; Traub, Wesley A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Coulter, DR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM daniel.r.coulter@jpl.nasa.org NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99041S DI 10.1117/12.2231137 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100053 ER PT S AU Crooke, JA Roberge, A Domagal-Goldman, SD Mandell, AM Bolcar, MR Rioux, NM Perez, MR Smith, EC AF Crooke, Julie A. Roberge, Aki Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D. Mandell, Avi M. Bolcar, Matthew R. Rioux, Norman M. Perez, Mario R. Smith, Erin C. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Status and path forward for the large ultraviolet/optical/infrared surveyor (LUVOIR) mission concept study SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey; LUVOIR; study process; Science and Technology Definition Teams (STDTs); Study Office: science analyses; engineering; technology; deliverables and schedule AB In preparation of the 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has commenced a process for the astronomical community to study several large mission concepts leveraging the lessons learned from past Decadal Surveys. This will enable the Decadal Survey committee to make more informed recommendations to NASA on its astrophysics science and mission priorities with respect to cost and risk. Four astrophysics large mission concepts were identified. Each of them had a Science and Technology Definition Teem (STDT) chartered to produce scientifically compelling, feasible, and executable design reference mission (DRM) concepts to present to the 2020 Decadal Survey. In addition, The Aerospace Corporation will perform an independent cost and technical evaluation (CATE) of each of these mission concept studies in advance of the 2020 Decadal Survey, by interacting with the STDTs to provide detailed technical details on certain areas for which "deep dives" are appropriate. This paper presents the status and path forward for one of the four large mission concepts, namely, the Large UltraViolet, Optical, InfraRed surveyor (LUVOIR). C1 [Crooke, Julie A.; Roberge, Aki; Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D.; Mandell, Avi M.; Bolcar, Matthew R.; Rioux, Norman M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perez, Mario R.; Smith, Erin C.] NASA Headquarters, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Crooke, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Julie.a.crooke@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99044R DI 10.1117/12.2233084 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100137 ER PT S AU Crouzier, A Malbet, F Henault, F Leger, A Cara, C LeDuigou, JM Preis, O Kern, P Delboulbe, A Martin, G Feautrier, P Stadler, E Lafrasse, S Rochat, S Ketchazo, C Donati, M Doumayrou, E Lagage, PO Shao, M Goullioud, R Nemati, B Zhai, C Behar, E Potin, S Saint-Pe, M Dupont, J AF Crouzier, A. Malbet, F. Henault, F. Leger, A. Cara, C. LeDuigou, J. M. Preis, O. Kern, P. Delboulbe, A. Martin, G. Feautrier, P. Stadler, E. Lafrasse, S. Rochat, S. Ketchazo, C. Donati, M. Doumayrou, E. Lagage, P. O. Shao, M. Goullioud, R. Nemati, B. Zhai, C. Behar, E. Potin, S. Saint-Pe, M. Dupont, J. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The latest results from DICE (Detector Interferometric Calibration Experiment) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE exoplanets; astrometry; space telescope; centroid; calibration; micro -pixel accuracy; interferometry; metrology; data processing AB Theia is an astrometric mission proposed to ESA in 2014 for which one of the scientific objectives is detecting Earth-like exoplanets in the habitable zone of nearby solar-type stars. This objective requires the capability to measure stellar centroids at the precision of 1 x 10-5 pixel. Current state-of-the-art methods for centroid estimation have reached a precision of about 3 x 10-5 pixel at two times Nyquist sampling, this was shown at the JPL by the VESTA experiment. A metrology system was used to calibrate intra and inter pixel quantum efficiency variations in order to correct pixelation errors. The Theia consortium is operating a testbed in vacuum in order to achieve 1 x 10-5 pixel precision for the centroid estimation. The goal is to provide a proof of concept for the precision requirement of the Theia spacecraft. The testbed consists of two main sub-systems. The first one produces pseudo stars: a blackbody source is fed into a large core fiber and lights-up a pinhole mask in the object plane, which is imaged by a mirror on the CCD. The second sub-system is the metrology, it projects young fringes on the CCD. The fringes are created by two single mode fibers facing the CCD and fixed on the mirror. In this paper we present the latest experiments conducted and the results obtained after a series of upgrades on the testbed was completed. The calibration system yielded the pixel positions to an accuracy estimated at 4 x 10-4 pixel. After including the pixel position information, an astrometric accuracy of 6 x 10-5 pixel was obtained, for a PSF motion over more than 5 pixels. In the static mode (small jitter motion of less than 1 x 10-3 pixel), a photon noise limited precision of 3 x 10-5 pixel was reached. C1 Inst Astrophys & Planetol Grenoble, 414 Rue Piscine, Grenoble, France. Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat Sca, Ctr Etud Nucl Saclay, Paris, France. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Ctr Univ Orsay, Paris, France. Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, 2 Pl Maurice Quentin, Paris, France. Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100155 ER PT S AU Egron, S Lajoie, CP Leboulleux, L N'Diaye, M Pueyo, L Choquet, E Perrin, MD Ygouf, M Michau, V Bonnefois, A Fusco, T Escolle, C Ferrari, M Hugot, E Soummer, R AF Egron, Sylvain Lajoie, Charles-Philippe Leboulleux, Lucie N'Diaye, Mamadou Pueyo, Laurent Choquet, Elodie Perrin, Marshall D. Ygouf, Marie Michau, Vincent Bonnefois, Aurelie Fusco, Thierry Escolle, Clement Ferrari, Marc Hugot, Emmanuel Soummer, Remi BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI James Webb Space Telescope Optical Simulation Testbed III: First experimental results with linear-control alignment SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE JWST; Linear control alignment; Wavefront Control; Wavefront Sensing ID PHASE-DIVERSITY; ABERRATIONS; SYSTEMS AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Simulation Testbed (JOST) is a tabletop experiment designed to study wavefront sensing and control for a segmented space telescope, including both commissioning and maintenance activities. JOST is complementary to existing testbeds for JWST (e.g. the Ball Aerospace Testbed Telescope TBT) given its compact scale and flexibility, ease of use, and colocation at the JWST Science & Operations Center. The design of JOST reproduces the physics of JWST's three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) using three custom aspheric lenses. It provides similar quality image as JWST (80% Strehl ratio) over a field equivalent to a NIRCam module, but at 633 nm. An Iris AO segmented mirror stands for the segmented primary mirror of JWST. Actuators allow us to control (1) the 18 segments of the segmented mirror in piston, tip, tilt and (2) the second lens, which stands for the secondary mirror, in tip, tilt and x, y, z positions. We present the full linear control alignment infrastructure developed for JOST, with an emphasis on multi-field wavefront sensing and control. Our implementation of the Wavefront Sensing (WFS) algorithms using phase diversity is experimentally tested. The wavefront control (WFC) algorithms, which rely on a linear model for optical aberrations induced by small misalignments of the three lenses, are tested and validated on simulations. C1 [Egron, Sylvain; Lajoie, Charles-Philippe; Leboulleux, Lucie; N'Diaye, Mamadou; Pueyo, Laurent; Choquet, Elodie; Perrin, Marshall D.; Ygouf, Marie; Soummer, Remi] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Egron, Sylvain; Leboulleux, Lucie; Michau, Vincent; Bonnefois, Aurelie; Fusco, Thierry] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, 29 Ave Div Leclerc, F-92320 Chatillon, France. [Egron, Sylvain; Leboulleux, Lucie; Fusco, Thierry; Escolle, Clement; Ferrari, Marc; Hugot, Emmanuel] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 169-506, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Egron, S (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Egron, S (reprint author), Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, 29 Ave Div Leclerc, F-92320 Chatillon, France.; Egron, S (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. EM egron@stsci.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99044A DI 10.1117/12.2233650 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100125 ER PT S AU Ennico, K Bendek, EA Lynch, DH Vassigh, KK Young, Z AF Ennico, Kimberly Bendek, Eduardo A. Lynch, Dana H. Vassigh, Kenny K. Young, Zion BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The Configurable Aperture Space Telescope (CAST) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE segmented telescope; modular telescope; spherical primary; small satellites; satlets ID PERFORMANCE AB The Configurable Aperture Space Telescope, CAST, is a concept that provides access to a UV/visible-infrared wavelength sub-arcsecond imaging platform from space, something that will be in high demand after the retirement of the astronomy workhorse, the 2.4 meter diameter Hubble Space Telescope. CAST allows building large aperture telescopes based on small, compatible and low-cost segments mounted on autonomous cube-sized satellites. The concept merges existing technology (segmented telescope architecture) with emerging technology (smartly interconnected modular spacecraft, active optics, deployable structures). Requiring identical mirror segments, CAST's optical design is a spherical primary and secondary mirror telescope with modular multi-mirror correctors placed at the system focal plane. The design enables wide fields of view, up to as much as three degrees, while maintaining aperture growth and image performance requirements. We present a point design for the CAST concept based on a 0.6 meter diameter (3 x 3 segments) growing to a 2.6 meter diameter (13 x 13 segments) primary, with a fixed Rp=13,000 and Rs=8,750 mm curvature, f/22.4 and f/5.6, respectively. Its diffraction limited design uses a two arcminute field of view corrector with a 7.4 arcsec/mm platescale, and can support a range of platescales as fine as 0.01 arcsec/mm. Our paper summarizes CAST, presents a strawman optical design and requirements for the underlying modular spacecraft, highlights design flexibilities, and illustrates applications enabled by this new method in building space observatories. C1 [Ennico, Kimberly; Bendek, Eduardo A.; Lynch, Dana H.; Vassigh, Kenny K.; Young, Zion] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ennico, K (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Kimberly.Ennico@nasa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99041H DI 10.1117/12.2233149 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100043 ER PT S AU Feinberg, L Rioux, N Bolcar, M Liu, A Guyon, O Stark, C Arenberg, J AF Feinberg, Lee Rioux, Norman Bolcar, Matthew Liu, Alice Guyon, Olivier Stark, Chris Arenberg, Jon BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI End-to-End Assessment of a Large Aperture Segmented Ultraviolet Optical Infrared (UVOIR) Telescope Architecture SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE ATLAST; LUVOIR; Exoplanet; HDST; Space Telescope AB Key challenges of a future large aperture, segmented Ultraviolet Optical Infrared (UVOIR) Telescope capable of performing a spectroscopic survey of hundreds of Exoplanets will be sufficient stability to achieve 10(boolean AND)-10 contrast measurements and sufficient throughput and sensitivity for high yield exo-earth spectroscopic detection. Our team has collectively assessed an optimized end to end architecture including a high throughput coronagraph capable of working with a segmented telescope, a cost-effective and heritage based stable segmented telescope, a control architecture that minimizes the amount of new technologies, and an exo-earth yield assessment to evaluate potential performance. These efforts are combined through integrated modeling, coronagraph evaluations, and exo-earth yield calculations to assess the potential performance of the selected architecture. In addition, we discusses the scalability of this architecture to larger apertures and the technological tall poles to enabling these missions. C1 [Feinberg, Lee; Rioux, Norman; Bolcar, Matthew; Liu, Alice] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Stark, Chris] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Arenberg, Jon] NGAS, Redondo Beach, CA USA. RP Feinberg, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99040H DI 10.1117/12.2231487 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100016 ER PT S AU Feinberg, L Voyton, M Lander, J Keski-Kuha, R Matthews, G AF Feinberg, Lee Voyton, Mark Lander, Juli Keski-Kuha, Ritva Matthews, Gary BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element/Integrated Science Instrument Module (OTIS) Status SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE OTIS; OTE; ISIM space telescope AB The James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element (OTE) and Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) are integrated together to form the OTIS. Once integrated, the OTIS undergoes primary mirror center of curvature optical tests, electrical and operational tests, acoustics and vibration testing at the Goddard Space Flight Center before being shipped to the Johnson Space Center for cryogenic optical testing of the OTIS. In preparation for the cryogenic optical testing, the JWST project has built a Pathfinder telescope and has completed two Optical Ground System Equipment (OGSE) cryogenic optical tests with the Pathfinder. In this paper, we will summarize optical test results to date and status the final Pathfinder test and the OTIS integration and environmental test preparations C1 [Feinberg, Lee; Voyton, Mark; Lander, Juli; Keski-Kuha, Ritva] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Matthews, Gary] Harris Corp, Rochester, NY USA. RP Feinberg, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990407 DI 10.1117/12.2231453 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100006 ER PT S AU Gaskin, J Ozel, F Vikhlinin, A AF Gaskin, Jessica Ozel, Feryal Vikhlinin, Alexey CA X-Ray Surveyor STDT BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The X-Ray Surveyor Mission Concept Study: Forging the Path to NASA Astrophysics 2020 Decadal Survey Prioritization SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE X-Ray Surveyor; X-Ray Astronomy; NASA Astrophysics Mission Concept Study AB The X-Ray Surveyor mission concept is unique among those being studied for prioritization in the NASA Astrophysics 2020 Decadal Survey. The X-Ray Surveyor mission will explore the high-energy Universe; providing essential and complimentary observations to the Astronomy Community. The NASA Astrophysics Roadmap (Enduring Quests, Daring Visions) describes the need for an X-Ray Observatory that is capable of addressing topics such as the origin and growth of the first supermassive black holes, galaxy evolution and growth of the cosmic structure, and the origin and evolution of the stars that make up our Universe. To address these scientifically compelling topics and more, an Observatory that exhibits leaps in capability over that of previous X-Ray Observatories in needed. This paper describes the current status of the X-Ray Surveyor Mission Concept Study and the path forward, which includes scientific investigations, technology development, and community participation. C1 [Gaskin, Jessica] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Ozel, Feryal] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Vikhlinin, Alexey] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gaskin, J (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Jessica.Gaskin@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99040N DI 10.1117/12.2240459 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100020 ER PT S AU Glassman, T Levi, J Liepmann, T Hahn, W Bisson, G Porpora, D Hadjimichael, T AF Glassman, Tiffany Levi, Joshua Liepmann, Till Hahn, Walter Bisson, Gary Porpora, Dan Hadjimichael, Theo BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Alignment of the James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE James Web Space Telescope; Optical Integration; Alignment; Space Telescope; Infrared AB The optical telescope element (OTE) of the James Webb Space Telescope has now been integrated and aligned. The OTE comprises the flight mirrors and the structure that supports them - 18 primary mirror segments, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary and fine steering mirrors (both housed in the aft optics subsystem). The primary mirror segments and the secondary mirror have actuators to actively control their positions during operations. This allows the requirements for aligning the OTE subsystems to be in the range of microns rather than nanometers. During OTE integration, the alignment of the major subsystems of the OTE structure and optics were controlled to ensure that, when the telescope is on orbit and at cryogenic temperatures, the active mirrors will be within the adjustment range of the actuators. Though the alignment of this flagship mission was complex and intricate, the key to a successful integration process turned out to be very basic: a clear, concise series of steps employing advanced planning, backup measurements, and cross checks that this multi-organizational team executed with a careful and methodical approach. This approach was not only critical to our own success but has implications for future space observatories. C1 [Glassman, Tiffany; Levi, Joshua; Liepmann, Till] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk Dr, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Hahn, Walter] Harris Space & Intelligence Syst, 400 Initiat Dr,POB 60488, Rochester, NY 14606 USA. [Bisson, Gary] Sigmadyne Inc, 803 West Ave,Suite 311, Rochester, NY 14611 USA. [Porpora, Dan] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Hadjimichael, Theo] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Glassman, T (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk Dr, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. EM tiffany.glassman@ngc.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99043Z DI 10.1117/12.2233792 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100114 ER PT S AU Gong, Q McElwain, M Shiri, R AF Gong, Qian McElwain, Michael Shiri, Ron BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Lenslet Array to Further Suppress Star Light for Direct Exoplanet Detection SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Integral field spectrometer; lenslet array; coronagraph; pinhole mask ID PLANETS AB Direct imaging plays a key role in the detection and characterization of exoplanets orbiting within its host star's habitable zone. Many innovative ideas for starlight suppression and wavefront control have been proposed and developed over the past decade. However, several technological challenges still lie ahead to achieve the required contrast, including controlling the observatory pointing performance, fabricating occulting masks with tight optical tolerances, developing wavefront control algorithms, controlling stray light, advancing single photon detecting detectors, and integrated system-level issues. This paper explores how a lenslet array and pinhole mask may be implemented to further suppress uncorrected starlight that leaks through the occulting mask. An external occulter, or star shade, is simulated to demonstrate this concept, although this approach can be implemented for internal coronagraphs as well. We describe how to use simple relay optics to control the scene near the inner working angle and the level of the suppression expected. Furthermore, if the lenslet array is the input to an integral field spectrograph, as planned for the WFIRST mission, the spectral content of the exoplanet atmospheres can be obtained to determine if the observed planet is habitable and ultimately, if it is inhabited. C1 [Gong, Qian; McElwain, Michael; Shiri, Ron] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM qian.gong-1@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99043M DI 10.1117/12.2231993 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100106 ER PT S AU Gong, Q Content, D Dominguez, M Emmett, T Griesmann, U Hagopian, J Kruk, J Marx, C Pasquale, B Wallace, T Whipple, A AF Gong, Qian Content, David Dominguez, Margaret Emmett, Thomas Griesmann, Ulf Hagopian, John Kruk, Jeffrey Marx, Catherine Pasquale, Bert Wallace, Thomas Whipple, Arthur BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) Slitless Spectrometer: Design, Prototype, and Results SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE grism; slitless spectrometer; high efficiency diffractive surface AB The slitless spectrometer plays an important role in the WFIRST mission for the survey of emission-line galaxies. This will be an unprecedented very wide field, HST quality 3D survey of emission line galaxies1. The concept of the compound grism as a slitless spectrometer has been presented previously. The presentation briefly discusses the challenges and solutions of the optical design, and recent specification updates, as well as a brief comparison between the prototype and the latest design. However, the emphasis of this paper is the progress of the grism prototype: the fabrication and test of the complicated diffractive optical elements and powered prism, as well as grism assembly alignment and testing. Especially how to use different tools and methods, such as IR phase shift and wavelength shift interferometry, to complete the element and assembly tests. The paper also presents very encouraging results from recent element tests to assembly tests. Finally we briefly touch the path forward plan to test the spectral characteristic, such as spectral resolution and response. C1 [Gong, Qian; Content, David; Dominguez, Margaret; Emmett, Thomas; Kruk, Jeffrey; Marx, Catherine; Pasquale, Bert; Wallace, Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Griesmann, Ulf] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hagopian, John] Lambda Consulting, Harwood, MD 20776 USA. [Whipple, Arthur] Conceptual Analyt LLC, Glenn Dale, MD 20769 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM qian.gong-1@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990412 DI 10.1117/12.2231665 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100033 ER PT S AU Greene, TP Chu, L Egami, E Hodapp, KW Kelly, DM Leisenring, J Rieke, M Robberto, M Schlawin, E Stansberry, J AF Greene, Thomas P. Chu, Laurie Egami, Eiichi Hodapp, Klaus W. Kelly, Douglas M. Leisenring, Jarron Rieke, Marcia Robberto, Massimo Schlawin, Everett Stansberry, John BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Slitless spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope Near-Infrared Camera (JWST NIRCam) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE James Webb Space Telescope; JWST; NIRCam; grisms; slitless spectroscopy AB The James Webb Space Telescope near-infrared camera (JWST NIRCam) has two 2.'2 x 2.'2 fields of view that are capable of either imaging or spectroscopic observations. Either of two R similar to 1500 grisms with orthogonal dispersion directions can be used for slitless spectroscopy over lambda = 2.4 - 5.0 pm in each module, and shorter wavelength observations of the same fields can be obtained simultaneously. We present the latest predicted grism sensitivities, saturation limits, resolving power, and wavelength coverage values based on component measurements, instrument tests, and end-to-end modeling. Short wavelength (0.6 - 2.3 mu m) imaging observations of the 2.4 5.0 pm spectroscopic field can be performed in one of several different filter bands, either in-focus or defocused via weak lenses internal to NIRCam. Alternatively, the possibility of 1.0 - 2.0 mu m spectroscopy (simultaneously with 2.4 - 5.0 mu m) using dispersed Hartmann sensors (DHSs) is being explored. The grisms, weak lenses, and DHS elements were included in NIRCam primarily for wavefront sensing purposes, but all have significant science applications. Operational considerations including subarray sizes, and data volume limits are also discussed. Finally, we describe spectral simulation tools and illustrate potential scientific uses of the grisms by presenting simulated observations of deep extragalactic fields, galactic dark clouds, and transiting exoplanets. C1 [Greene, Thomas P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Chu, Laurie; Hodapp, Klaus W.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Egami, Eiichi; Kelly, Douglas M.; Leisenring, Jarron; Rieke, Marcia; Schlawin, Everett] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Robberto, Massimo; Stansberry, John] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Greene, TP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM tom.greene@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99040E DI 10.1117/12.2231347 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100013 ER PT S AU Greenhouse, MA AF Greenhouse, Matthew A. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The JWST Science Instrument Payload: Mission Context and Status SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE JWST AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the scientific successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. It is a cryogenic infrared space observatory with a 25 m(2) aperture (6 m class) telescope that will achieve diffraction limited angular resolution at a wavelength of 2 um. The science instrument payload includes four passively cooled near-infrared instruments providing broad- and narrow-band imagery, coronography, as well as multi-object and integral-field spectroscopy over the 0.6 < lambda < 5.0 um spectrum. An actively cooled mid-infrared instrument provides broad-band imagery, coronography, and integral-field spectroscopy over the 5.0 < lambda < 29 um spectrum. The JWST is being developed by NASA, in partnership with the European and Canadian Space Agencies, as a general user facility with science observations proposed by the international astronomical community in a manner similar to the Hubble Space Telescope. Technology development and mission design are complete. Construction, integration and verification testing is underway in all areas of the program. The JWST is on schedule for launch during 2018. C1 [Greenhouse, Matthew A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Greenhouse, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM matt.greenhouse@nasa.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990406 DI 10.1117/12.2231448 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100005 ER PT S AU Hicks, BA Lyon, RG Petrone, P Ballard, M Bolcar, MR Bolognese, J Clampin, M Dogoda, P Dworzanski, D Helmbrecht, MA Koca, C Shiri, R AF Hicks, Brian A. Lyon, Richard G. Petrone, Peter, III Ballard, Marlin Bolcar, Matthew R. Bolognese, Jeff Clampin, Mark Dogoda, Peter Dworzanski, Daniel Helmbrecht, Michael A. Koca, Corina Shiri, Ron BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The Segmented Aperture Interferometric Nulling Testbed (SAINT) I: overview and air-side system description SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Exoplanets; high-contrast imaging; nulling interferometry; wavefront sensing and control; space telescopes; segmented mirrors ID TELESCOPE; LYOT AB This work presents an overview of the Segmented Aperture Interferometric Nulling Testbed (SAINT), a project that will pair an actively-controlled macro-scale segmented mirror with the Visible Nulling Coronagraph (VNC). SAINT will incorporate the VNC's demonstrated wavefront sensing and control system to refine and quantify end-to-end high-contrast starlight suppression performance. This pathfinder testbed will be used as a tool to study and refine approaches to mitigating instabilities and complex diffraction expected from future large segmented aperture telescopes. C1 [Hicks, Brian A.; Ballard, Marlin] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hicks, Brian A.; Lyon, Richard G.; Bolcar, Matthew R.; Bolognese, Jeff; Clampin, Mark; Koca, Corina; Shiri, Ron] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petrone, Peter, III; Dogoda, Peter] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [Dworzanski, Daniel] Optimax Syst Inc, Rochester, NY USA. [Helmbrecht, Michael A.] Iris AO Inc, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Hicks, BA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Hicks, BA (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM bahicksmail@gmail.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990420 DI 10.1117/12.2234313 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100059 ER PT S AU Holmes, W McKenney, C Barbier, R Cho, H Cillis, A Clemens, JC Dawson, O Delo, G Ealet, A Feizi, A Ferraro, N Foltz, R Goodsall, T Hickey, M Hwang, T Israellson, U Jhabvala, M Kahle, D Kan, E Kan, E Lotkin, G Maciaszek, T McClure, S Miko, L Nguyen, L Pravdo, S Prieto, E Powers, T Seiffert, M Strada, P Tucker, C Turck, K Waczynski, A Wang, F Weber, C Williams, J AF Holmes, W. McKenney, C. Barbier, R. Cho, H. Cillis, A. Clemens, J-C. Dawson, O. Delo, G. Ealet, A. Feizi, A. Ferraro, N. Foltz, R. Goodsall, T. Hickey, M. Hwang, T. Israellson, U. Jhabvala, M. Kahle, D. Kan, Em. Kan, Er. Lotkin, G. Maciaszek, T. McClure, S. Miko, L. Nguyen, L. Pravdo, S. Prieto, E. Powers, T. Seiffert, M. Strada, P. Tucker, C. Turck, K. Waczynski, A. Wang, F. Weber, C. Williams, J. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Modelling Effects of Common Molecular Contaminants on the Euclid Infrared Detectors SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Euclid; mercury cadmium telluride detectors; infrared focal planes; IR detector arrays; contamination ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; ICE; ZNS AB Cleanliness specifications for infrared detector arrays are usually so stringent that effects are neglibile. However, the specifications determine only the level of particulates and areal density of molecular layer on the surface, but the chemical composition of these contaminants are not specified. Here, we use a model to assess the impact on system quantum efficiency from possible contaminants that could accidentally transfer or cryopump to the detector during instrument or spacecraft testing and on orbit operation. Contaminant layers thin enough to meet typical specifications, < 0.5 mu gram/cm(2), have a negligible effect on the net quantum efficiency of the detector, provided that the contaminant does not react with the detector surface, Performance impacts from these contaminant plating onto the surface become important for thicknesses 5 - 50 mu gram/cm(2). Importantly, detectable change in the "ripple" of the anti reflection coating occurs at these coverages and can enhance the system quantum efficiency. This is a factor 10 less coverage for which loss from molecular absorption lines is important. Thus, should contamination be suspected during instrument test or flight, detailed modelling of the layer on the detector and response to very well known calibrations sources would be useful to determine the impact on detector performance. C1 [Holmes, W.; McKenney, C.; Cho, H.; Dawson, O.; Ferraro, N.; Goodsall, T.; Israellson, U.; McClure, S.; Pravdo, S.; Seiffert, M.; Weber, C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McKenney, C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cillis, A.; Nguyen, L.; Powers, T.; Tucker, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Clemens, J-C.; Ealet, A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Delo, G.; Turck, K.; Williams, J.] CNRS, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, 163 Ave Luminy, F-13009 Marseille, France. [Feizi, A.] Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Foltz, R.; Hickey, M.; Jhabvala, M.; Kahle, D.; Kan, Em.; Kan, Er.; Lotkin, G.; Miko, L.; Waczynski, A.] AK Aerosp Technol Corp, 4300 B St, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Hwang, T.; Wang, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strada, P.] Arctic Slope Reg Corp, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Barbier, R.] European Space Technol Ctr, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Prieto, E.] Inst Phys Nucl, 4 Rue Enrico Fermi, Lyon, France. [Maciaszek, T.] Lab Astrophys Marseilles, Site Chauteau Gombert 38,Rue Frederic Joilot Curi, Marseille, France. Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, CNES, F-31401 Toulouse, France. EM warren.a.holmes@jpl.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99042R DI 10.1117/12.2233778 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100078 ER PT S AU Hosseini, S Webster, C Toon, G Traub, W Trauger, J AF Hosseini, Sona Webster, Chris Toon, Geoffrey Traub, Wesley Trauger, John BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Concept study for a compact planetary homodyne interferometer (PHI) for temporal global observation of methane on Mars in IR SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Mars; methane; Spatial Homodyne Spectrometer; SHS; extended targets; interferometry; spectrometry ID SPATIAL HETERODYNE SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET; LINE AB We present a concept study to develop a new instrument to sequentially and over a long time measure methane abundance on Mars and find out its global seasonal variations, if any. The Planetary Homodyne Interferometer (PHI) can offer integrated spectra over a wide field-of-view (FOV) in high spectral resolution (R similar to 10(5)) in a compact design using no (or a small < 1m) primary mirror. PHI is best suited to studies of sources where temporally tracing specific spectral features sensitivity, and spectral resolution is of higher significance than spatial fidelity. C1 [Hosseini, Sona; Webster, Chris; Toon, Geoffrey; Traub, Wesley; Trauger, John] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hosseini, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99045C DI 10.1117/12.2233805 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100152 ER PT S AU Jackson, K Wallace, JK Pellegrino, S AF Jackson, Kate Wallace, J. Kent Pellegrino, Sergio BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Co-phasing primary mirror segments of an optical space telescope using a long stroke Zernike WFS SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE ID RETRIEVAL AB Static Zernike phase-contrast plates have been used extensively in microscopy for half a century and, more recently, in optical telescopes for wavefront sensing. A dynamic Zernike wavefront sensor (WFS) with four phase shifts, for reducing error due to spurious light and eliminating other asynchronous noise, has been proposed for use in adaptive optics. Here, we propose adapting this method for co-phasing the primary mirror of a segmented space telescope. In order to extend the dynamic range of the WFS, which has a maximum range of +/ A/2, a phase contrast plate with multiple steps, both positive and negative, has been developed such that errors as large as +/ 10A can be sensed. The manufacturing tolerances have been incorporated into simulations, which demonstrate that performance impacts are minimal. We show that the addition of this small optical plate along with a high precision linear translation stage at the prime focus of a telescope and pupil viewing capability can provide extremely accurate segment phasing with a simple white-light fringe fitting algorithm and a closed-loop controller. The original focal-plane geometry of a centro-symmetric phase shifting element is replaced with a much less constrained shape, such as a slot. Also, a dedicated pupil imager is not strictly required; an existing pupil sampler such as a Shack-Hartmann (SH) WFS can be used just as effectively, allowing simultaneous detection of wavefront errors using both intensity and spot positions on the SH-WFS. This could lead to an efficient synergy between Zernike and SH-WFS, enabling segment phasing in conjunction with high-dynamic range sensing. C1 [Jackson, Kate; Pellegrino, Sergio] CALTECH, Div Aerosp Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jackson, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Aerosp Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM kathrynj@caltech.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100180 ER PT S AU Kendrew, S Scheithauer, S Bouchet, P Amiaux, J Azzollini, R Bouwman, J Chen, C Dubreuil, D Fischer, S Fox, OD Glasse, A Gordon, K Greene, T Hines, DC Lagage, PO Lahuis, F Ronayette, S Wright, D Wright, GS AF Kendrew, Sarah Scheithauer, Silvia Bouchet, Patrice Amiaux, Jerome Azzollini, Ruyman Bouwman, Jeroen Chen, Christine Dubreuil, Didier Fischer, Sebastian Fox, Ori D. Glasse, Alistair Gordon, Karl Greene, Tom Hines, Dean C. Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Lahuis, Fred Ronayette, Samuel Wright, David Wright, Gillian S. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope: performance and operation of the Low-Resolution Spectrometer SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE AB We describe here the performance and operational concept for the Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS) of the mid-infrared instrument (MIRI) for the James Webb Space Telescope. The LRS will provide R-100 slit and slitless spectroscopy from 5 to 12 micron, and its design is optimised for observations of compact sources, such as exoplanet host stars. We provide here an overview of the design of the LRS, and its performance as measured during extensive test campaigns, examining in particular the delivered image quality, dispersion, and resolving power, as well as spectrophotometric performance. The instrument also includes a slitless spectroscopy mode, which is optimally suited for transit spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres. We provide an overview of the operational procedures and the differences ahead of the JWST launch in 2018. C1 [Kendrew, Sarah] Space Telescope Sci Inst, European Space Agcy, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kendrew, Sarah; Bouwman, Jeroen] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Kendrew, Sarah; Scheithauer, Silvia] Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, Germany. [Bouchet, Patrice; Amiaux, Jerome; Dubreuil, Didier; Ronayette, Samuel] Lab AIM Paris Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Azzollini, Ruyman] UCL, London, England. [Azzollini, Ruyman] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin, Ireland. [Chen, Christine; Fox, Ori D.; Gordon, Karl; Hines, Dean C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Fischer, Sebastian] Deutsches Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Bonn, Germany. [Fischer, Sebastian] Univ Cologne, Phys Inst 1, Cologne, Germany. [Glasse, Alistair; Wright, Gillian S.] UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Greene, Tom] Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Lahuis, Fred] SRON Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. [Lahuis, Fred] Leiden Univ, Leiden, Netherlands. [Wright, David] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Kendrew, S (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, European Space Agcy, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Kendrew, S (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.; Kendrew, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, Germany. EM sarah.kendrew@esa.int OI Kendrew, Sarah/0000-0002-7612-0469 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990443 DI 10.1117/12.2232887 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100118 ER PT S AU Kim, Y Sirbu, D Galvin, M Kasdin, NJ Vanderbei, RJ AF Kim, Yunjong Sirbu, Dan Galvin, Mike Kasdin, N. Jeremy Vanderbei, Robert J. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Experimental Study of Starshade at Flight Fresnel Numbers in the Laboratory SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE External Occulters; Starshade; High Contrast Imaging; Exoplanets; Laboratory Scaling ID OCCULTER; PLANETS AB A starshade or external occulter is a spacecraft flown along the line-of-sight of a space telescope to suppress starlight and enable high-contrast direct imaging of exoplanets. Because of its large size and scale it is impossible to fully test a starshade system on the ground before launch. Therefore, laboratory verification of starshade designs is necessary to validate the optical models used to design and predict starshade performance. At Princeton, we have designed and built a testbed that allows verification of scaled starshade designs whose suppressed shadow is mathematically identical to that of a comparable space starshade. The starshade testbed uses 77.2 m optical propagation distance to realize the flight-appropriate Fresnel numbers of 14.5. Here we present the integration status of the testbed and simulations predicting the ultimate contrast performance. We will also present our results of wavefront error measurement and its implementation of suppression and contrast. C1 [Kim, Yunjong; Galvin, Mike; Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Vanderbei, Robert J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sirbu, Dan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kimyj@princeton.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99043G DI 10.1117/12.2231112 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100100 ER PT S AU Kimble, RA Vila, MB Van Campen, JM Birkmann, SM Comber, BJ Fatig, CC Glasse, ACH Glazer, SD Kelly, DM Mann, SD Martel, AR Novo-Gradac, KJ Ohl, RG Penanen, KI Rohrbach, SO Sullivan, JF Zak, D Zhou, JL AF Kimble, Randy A. Vila, M. Begona Van Campen, Julie M. Birkmann, Stephan M. Comber, Brian J. Fatig, Curtis C. Glasse, Alistair C. H. Glazer, Stuart D. Kelly, Douglas M. Mann, Steven D. Martel, Andre R. Novo-Gradac, Kevin J. Ohl, Ray G. Penanen, Konstantin I. Rohrbach, Scott O. Sullivan, Joseph F. Zak, Dean Zhou, Julia BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Cryo-vacuum testing of the JWST Integrated Science Instrument Module SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE JWST; ISIM; infrared; integration and test; cryo-vacuum testing AB In late 2015/early 2016, a major cryo-vacuum test was carried out for the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This test comprised the final cryo-certification and calibration test of the ISIM, after its ambient environmental test program (vibration, acoustics, EMI/EMC), and before its delivery for integration with the rest of the JWST observatory. Over the 108-day period of the round-the-clock test program, the full complement of ISIM flight instruments, structure, harness radiator, and electronics were put through a comprehensive program of thermal, optical, electrical, and operational tests. The test verified the health and excellent performance of the instruments and ISIM systems, proving the ISIM element's readiness for integration with the telescope. We report here on the context, goals, setup, execution, and key results for this critical JWST milestone. C1 [Kimble, Randy A.; Vila, M. Begona; Van Campen, Julie M.; Comber, Brian J.; Fatig, Curtis C.; Glazer, Stuart D.; Mann, Steven D.; Novo-Gradac, Kevin J.; Ohl, Ray G.; Rohrbach, Scott O.] NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vila, M. Begona; Novo-Gradac, Kevin J.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, 7701 Greenbelt Rd 400, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Birkmann, Stephan M.] European Space Agcy STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Comber, Brian J.] Comber Thermal Solut, 8367 Silver Trumpet Dr, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. [Fatig, Curtis C.] AS & D LLC, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Glasse, Alistair C. H.] UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Kelly, Douglas M.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mann, Steven D.] Hammers Co, 7500 Greenway Ctr Dr 1500, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Martel, Andre R.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Martel, Andre R.] NRC Herzberg Astron & Astrophys, 5071 West Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Penanen, Konstantin I.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sullivan, Joseph F.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Zak, Dean] CSRA, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zhou, Julia] Honeywell Aerosp, 303 Terry Fox Dr,Suite 100, Ottawa, ON K2K 3J1, Canada. RP Kimble, RA (reprint author), NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM randy.a.kimble@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990408 DI 10.1117/12.2231554 PG 22 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100007 ER PT S AU Knight, JS Feinberg, L Howard, J Acton, DS Whitman, TL Smith, K AF Knight, J. Scott Feinberg, Lee Howard, Joseph Acton, D. Scott Whitman, Tony L. Smith, Koby BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Hartmann Test for the James Webb Space Telescope SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE JWST; telescope; optical testing; intermediate focus; wavefront sensing; Hartmann; optical metrology; sparse aperture; phase retrieval AB The James Webb Space Telescope's (JWST) end-to-end optical system will be tested in a cryogenic vacuum environment before launch at NASA Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Apollo-era, historic Chamber A thermal vacuum facility. During recent pre-test runs with a prototype "Pathfinder" telescope, the vibration in this environment was found to be challenging for the baseline test approach, which uses phase retrieval of images created by three sub-apertures of the telescope. To address the vibration, an alternate strategy implemented using classic Hartmann test principles combined with precise mirror mechanisms to provide a testing approach that is insensitive to the dynamics environment of the chamber. The measurements and sensitivities of the Hartmann approach are similar to those using phase retrieval over the original sparse aperture test. The Hartmann test concepts have been implemented on the JWST Test Bed Telescope, which provided the rationale and empirical evidence indicating that this Hartmann style approach would be valuable in supplementing the baseline test approach. This paper presents a Hartmann approach implemented during the recent Pathfinder test along with the test approach that is currently being considered for the full optical system test of JWST. Comparisons are made between the baseline phase retrieval approach and the Hartmann approach in addition to demonstrating how the two test methodologies support each other to reduce risk during the JWST full optical system test. C1 [Knight, J. Scott; Acton, D. Scott; Smith, Koby] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Feinberg, Lee; Howard, Joseph] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Whitman, Tony L.] Harris Corp, 400 Initiat Dr,POB 60488, Rochester, NY 14606 USA. RP Knight, JS (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM jsknight@ball.com NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99040C DI 10.1117/12.2233114 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100011 ER PT S AU Kogut, A Chluba, J Fixsen, DJ Meyer, S Spergel, D AF Kogut, Alan Chluba, Jens Fixsen, Dale J. Meyer, Stephan Spergel, David BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE cosmic microwave background; polarimeter; spectral distortion; blackbody spectral distortions; Fourier transform spectrometer ID DIFFERENTIAL MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; B-MODE POLARIZATION; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; INTERSTELLAR DUST; SPECTRAL DISTORTIONS; POWER SPECTRUM; EMISSION; UNIVERSE; ANISOTROPY; CONSTRAINTS AB The Primordial fflation hxplorer is an plorer-class mission to open new windows, universe through measurements of the polarization and absolute frequency spectrum of the cosmic microwavebackground. PIXIE will measure the gravitational-wave signature of primordial inflation through its distinctive imprint in linear polarization, and characterize the thermal history of the universe through precision measurements of distortions itr the blackbody spectrum. PIXIE, 11S(-S an innovative optical design to achieve background limitedsensitivity in 400 spectral channels spanning over 7 octaves in frequency from 30 Gtilz to 6 cm to 50 micron wavelength). Multi-moded non-imaging optics feed a polarizing Fourier Transform Spectrometer to produce a set of interference fringes, proportional to the difference spectrum between orthogonal linear polarizations from the two input beams. Multiple levels of symmetry and signal modulation combine to reduce systematic errors to negligible levels. PIXIE will map the full sky in Stokes I, Q, and U parameters with angular resolution 2.6' and sensitivity 70 nK per l' square pixel. The principal science goal is the detection and characterization of linear polarization from an inflationary epoch in the early universe, with tensor-to-scalar ratio r < 10-3 at 5 standard deviations. The PIXIE mission complements anticipated ground-based polarization measurements such as CMBS4, providing a cosmic-variance-limited determination of the large-scale E-mode signal to measure the optical depth, constrain models of reionization, and provide a firm detection of the neutrino mass (the last unknown parameter in the Standard Model of particle physics). in addition, PIXIE: will measure the absolute frequency spectrum to characterize deviations from a blackbody with sensitivity 3 orders of magnitude beyond the seminal COBE/FIRAS limits. The sky cannot be black at this level; the expected results will constrain physical processes ranging from inflation to the nature of the first stars and the physical conditions within the interstellar medium of the Galaxy. We describe the PIXIE instrument and mission architecture required to measure the CMB to the limits imposed by astrophysical foregrounds. C1 [Kogut, Alan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Chluba, Jens] Univ Manchester, Ctr Astrophys, Jodrell Bank, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Fixsen, Dale J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Meyer, Stephan] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Spergel, David] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kogut, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM Alan.J.Kogut@nasa.gov NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99040W DI 10.1117/12.2231090 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100028 ER PT S AU Lajoie, CP Soummer, R Pueyo, L Hines, DC Nelan, EP Perrin, M Clampin, M Isaacs, JC AF Lajoie, Charles -Philippe Soummer, Remi Pueyo, Laurent Hines, Dean. C. Nelan, Edmund P. Perrin, Marshall Clampin, Mark Isaacs, John C. CA JWST Coronagraphs Working Grp BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Small-Grid Dithers for the JWST Coronagraphs SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE JWST; coronagraphy; post-processing; exoplanets; circumstellar disks AB We discuss new results of coronagraphic simulations demonstrating a novel mode for JWST that utilizes sub-pixel dithered reference images, called Small-Grid Dithers, to optimize coronagraphic PSF subtraction. These sub-pixel dithers are executed with the Fine Steering Mirror under fine guidance, are accurate to similar to 2-3 milliarcseconds (1-sigma/axis), and provide ample speckle diversity to reconstruct an optimized synthetic reference PSF using LOCI or KLIP. We also discuss the performance gains of Small-Grid Dithers compared to the standard undithered scenario, and show potential contrast gain factors for the NIRCam and MIRI coronagraphs ranging from 2 to more than 10, respectively. C1 [Lajoie, Charles -Philippe; Soummer, Remi; Pueyo, Laurent; Hines, Dean. C.; Nelan, Edmund P.; Perrin, Marshall; Isaacs, John C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Clampin, Mark] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lajoie, CP (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. EM lajoie@stsci.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99045K DI 10.1117/12.2233032 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100159 ER PT S AU Leboulleux, L N'Diaye, M Riggs, AJE Egron, S Mazoyer, J Pueyo, L Choquet, E Perrin, MD Kasdin, J Sauvage, JF Fusco, T Soummer, R AF Leboulleux, Lucie N'Diaye, Mamadou Riggs, A. J. Eldorado Egron, Sylvain Mazoyer, Johan Pueyo, Laurent Choquet, Elodie Perrin, Marshall D. Kasdin, Jeremy Sauvage, Jean-Francois Fusco, Thierry Soummer, Remi BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT). 4. Status and wavefront control development SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE exoplanets; high-contrast imaging; wavefront sensing; wavefront control; Speckle Nulling; vibration analysis ID PUPIL LYOT CORONAGRAPHS; SPACE; PLANETS AB Segmented telescopes are a possible approach to enable large-aperture space telescopes for the direct imaging and spectroscopy of habitable worlds. However, the increased complexity of their aperture geometry, due to their central obstruction, support structures and segment gaps, makes high-contrast imaging very challenging. The High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) was designed to study and develop solutions for such telescope pupils using wavefront control and starlight suppression. The testbed design has the flexibility to enable studies with increasing complexity for telescope aperture geometries starting with off-axis telescopes, then on-axis telescopes with central obstruction and support structures (e.g. the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope [WFIRST]), up to on-axis segmented telescopes e.g. including various concepts for a Large UV, Optical, IR telescope (LUVOIR), such as the High Definition Space Telescope (HDST). We completed optical alignment in the summer of 2014 and a first deformable mirror was successfully integrated in the testbed, with a total wavefront error of 13nm RMS over a 18mm diameter circular pupil in open loop. HiCAT will also be provided with a segmented mirror conjugated with a shaped pupil representing the HDST configuration, to directly study wavefront control in the presence of segment gaps, central obstruction and spider. We recently applied a focal plane wavefront control method combined with a classical Lyot coronagraph on HiCAT, and we found limitations on contrast performance due to vibration effect. In this communication, we analyze this instability and study its impact on the performance of wavefront control algorithms. We present our Speckle Nulling code to control and correct for wavefront errors both in simulation mode and on testbed mode. This routine is first tested in simulation mode without instability to validate our code. We then add simulated vibrations to study the degradation of contrast performance in the presence of these effects. C1 [Leboulleux, Lucie; N'Diaye, Mamadou; Egron, Sylvain; Mazoyer, Johan; Pueyo, Laurent; Perrin, Marshall D.; Soummer, Remi] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Leboulleux, Lucie; Egron, Sylvain; Sauvage, Jean-Francois; Fusco, Thierry] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Leboulleux, Lucie; Egron, Sylvain; Sauvage, Jean-Francois; Fusco, Thierry] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, 29 Ave Div Leclerc, F-92320 Chatillon, France. [Riggs, A. J. Eldorado; Kasdin, Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Engn Quadrangle, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Choquet, Elodie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 169-506, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Leboulleux, L (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Leboulleux, L (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France.; Leboulleux, L (reprint author), Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, 29 Ave Div Leclerc, F-92320 Chatillon, France. EM leboulleux@stsci.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99043C DI 10.1117/12.2233640 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100096 ER PT S AU Livas, JC Sankar, SR AF Livas, Jeffrey C. Sankar, Shannon R. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Optical telescope system-level design considerations for a space-based gravitational wave mission SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE gravitational waves; LISA; eLISA; L3 Cosmic Visions; space-based gravitational wave observatory AB The study of the Universe through gravitational waves will yield a revolutionary new perspective on the Universe, which has been intensely studied using electromagnetic signals in many wavelength bands. A space-based gravitational wave observatory will enable access to a rich array of astrophysical sources in the measurement band from 0.1 to 100 mHz, and nicely complement observations from ground-based detectors as well as pulsar timing arrays by sampling a different range of compact object masses and astrophysical processes. The observatory measures gravitational radiation by precisely monitoring the tiny change in the proper distance between pairs of freely falling proof masses. These masses are separated by millions of kilometers and, using a laser heterodyne interferometric technique, the change in their proper separation is detected to similar to 10 pm over timescales of 1000 seconds, a fractional precision of better than one part in 1019. Optical telescopes are essential for the implementation of this precision displacement measurement. In this paper we describe some of the key system level design considerations for the telescope subsystem in a mission context. The reference mission for this purpose is taken to be the enhanced Laser Interferometry Space Antenna mission (eLISA), a strong candidate for the European Space Agency's Cosmic Visions L3 launch opportunity in 2034. We will review the flow-down of observatory level requirements to the telescope subsystem, particularly pertaining to the effects of telescope dimensional stability and scattered light suppression, two performance specifications which are somewhat different from the usual requirements for an image forming telescope. C1 [Livas, Jeffrey C.; Sankar, Shannon R.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sankar, Shannon R.] CRESST, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Sankar, Shannon R.] USRA, Washington, DC USA. RP Livas, JC (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Jeffrey.Livas-1@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99041K DI 10.1117/12.2233249 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100046 ER PT S AU Maciaszek, T Ealet, A Jahnke, K Prieto, E Barbier, R Mellier, Y Beaumont, F Bon, W Bonefoi, A Carle, M Caillat, A Costille, A Dormoy, D Ducret, F Fabron, C Febvre, A Foulon, B Garcia, J Gimenez, JL Grassi, E Laurent, P Le Mignant, D Martin, L Rossin, C Pamplona, T Sanchez, P Vives, S Clemens, JC Gillard, W Niclas, M Secroun, A Serra, B Kubik, B Ferriol, S Amiaux, J Barriere, JC Berthe, M Rosset, C Macias-Perez, JF Auricchio, N De Rosa, A Franceschi, E Guizzo, GP Morgante, G Sortino, F Trifoglio, M Valenziano, L Patrizii, L Chiarusi, T Fornari, F Giacomini, F Margiotta, A Mauri, N Pasqualini, L Sirri, G Spurio, M Tenti, M Travaglini, R Dusini, S Dal Corso, F Laudisio, F Sirignano, C Stanco, L Ventura, S Borsato, E Bonoli, C Bortoletto, F Balestra, A D'Alessandro, M MedinaCeli, E Farinelli, R Corcione, L Ligori, S Grupp, F Wimmer, C Hormuth, F Seidel, G Wachter, S Padilla, C Lamensans, M Casas, R Lloro, I Toledo-Moreo, R Gomez, J Colodro-Conde, C Lizan, D Diaz, JJ Lilje, PB Toulouse-Aastrup, C Andersen, MI Sorensen, AN Jakobsen, P Hornstrup, A Jessen, NC Thizy, C Holmes, W Israelsson, U Seiffert, M Waczynski, A Laureijs, RJ Racca, G Salvignol, JC Boenke, T Strada, P AF Maciaszek, Thierry Ealet, Anne Jahnke, Knud Prieto, Eric Barbier, Remi Mellier, Yannick Beaumont, Florent Bon, William Bonefoi, Anne Carle, Michael Caillat, Amandine Costille, Anne Dormoy, Doriane Ducret, Franck Fabron, Christophe Febvre, Aurelien Foulon, Benjamin Garcia, Jose Gimenez, Jean-Luc Grassi, Emmanuel Laurent, Philippe Le Mignant, David Martin, Laurent Rossin, Christelle Pamplona, Tony Sanchez, Patrice Vives, Sebastien Clemens, Jean Claude Gillard, William Niclas, Mathieu Secroun, Aurelia Serra, Benoit Kubik, Bogna Ferriol, Sylvain Amiaux, Jerome Barriere, Jean Christophe Berthe, Michel Rosset, Cyrille Macias-Perez, Juan Francisco Auricchio, Natalia De Rosa, Adrian Franceschi, Enrico Guizzo, Gian Paolo Morgante, Gianluca Sortino, Francesca Trifoglio, Massimo Valenziano, Luca Patrizii, Laura Chiarusi, T. Fornari, F. Giacomini, F. Margiotta, A. Mauri, N. Pasqualini, L. Sirri, G. Spurio, M. Tenti, M. Travaglini, R. Dusini, Stefano Dal Corso, F. Laudisio, F. Sirignano, C. Stanco, L. Ventura, S. Borsato, Enrico Bonoli, Carlotta Bortoletto, Favio Balestra, Andrea D'Alessandro, Maurizio MedinaCeli, Eduardo Farinelli, Ruben Corcione, Leonardo Ligori, Sebastiano Grupp, Frank Wimmer, Carolin Hormuth, Felix Seidel, Gregor Wachter, Stefanie Padilla, Cristobal Lamensans, Mikel Casas, Ricard Lloro, Ivan Toledo-Moreo, Rafael Gomez, Jaime Colodro-Conde, Carlos Lizan, David Javier. Diaz, Jose Lilje, Per B. Toulouse-Aastrup, Corinne Andersen, Michael I. Sorensen, Anton N. Jakobsen, Peter Hornstrup, Allan Jessen, Niels-Christian Thizy, Cedric Holmes, Warren Israelsson, Ulf Seiffert, Michael Waczynski, Augustyn Laureijs, Rene J. Racca, Giuseppe Salvignol, Jean-Christophe Boenke, Tobias Strada, Paolo CA Euclid Consortium BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Euclid Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer instrument concept and first test results obtained for different breadboards models at the end of phase C SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Euclid; Spectroscopy; Photometry; Infrared; Instrument; NISP AB The Euclid mission objective is to understand why the expansion of the Universe is accelerating through by mapping the geometry of the dark Universe by investigating the distance-redshift relationship and tracing the evolution of cosmic structures. The Euclid project is part of ESA's Cosmic Vision program with its launch planned for 2020 (ref [1]). The NISP (Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer) is one of the two Euclid instruments and is operating in the near-IR spectral region (900-2000nm) as a photometer and spectrometer. The instrument is composed of: - a cold (135K) optomechanical subsystem consisting of a Silicon carbide structure, an optical assembly (corrector and camera lens), a filter wheel mechanism, a grism wheel mechanism, a calibration unit and a thermal control system - a detection subsystem based on a mosaic of 16 HAWAII2RG cooled to 95K with their front-end readout electronic cooled to 140K, integrated on a mechanical focal plane structure made with molybdenum and aluminum. The detection subsystem is mounted on the optomechanical subsystem structure - a warm electronic subsystem (280K) composed of a data processing /detector control unit and of an instrument control unit that interfaces with the spacecraft via a 1553 bus for command and control and via Spacewire links for science data This presentation describes the architecture of the instrument at the end of the phase C (Detailed Design Review), the expected performance, the technological key challenges and preliminary test results obtained for different NISP subsystem breadboards and for the NISP Structural and Thermal model (STM). C1 [Maciaszek, Thierry] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Marseille, France. [Maciaszek, Thierry] LAM Lab Astrophys Astrophys Marseille, UMR 7326, Marseille, France. [Ealet, Anne; Clemens, Jean Claude; Gillard, William; Niclas, Mathieu; Secroun, Aurelia; Serra, Benoit] Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, Marseille, France. [Jahnke, Knud; Hormuth, Felix; Seidel, Gregor; Wachter, Stefanie] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Prieto, Eric; Beaumont, Florent; Bon, William; Bonefoi, Anne; Carle, Michael; Caillat, Amandine; Costille, Anne; Dormoy, Doriane; Ducret, Franck; Fabron, Christophe; Febvre, Aurelien; Foulon, Benjamin; Garcia, Jose; Gimenez, Jean-Luc; Grassi, Emmanuel; Laurent, Philippe; Le Mignant, David; Martin, Laurent; Rossin, Christelle; Pamplona, Tony; Sanchez, Patrice; Vives, Sebastien] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, Marseille, France. [Barbier, Remi; Kubik, Bogna; Ferriol, Sylvain] Inst Phys Nucl, Lyon, France. [Mellier, Yannick] Inst Astrophys, Paris, France. [Mellier, Yannick; Amiaux, Jerome; Barriere, Jean Christophe; Berthe, Michel] Commissariat Energie Atom, Saclay, France. [Rosset, Cyrille] Lab Astroparticule & Cosmol, Paris, France. [Macias-Perez, Juan Francisco] Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. [Auricchio, Natalia; De Rosa, Adrian; Franceschi, Enrico; Guizzo, Gian Paolo; Morgante, Gianluca; Sortino, Francesca; Trifoglio, Massimo; Valenziano, Luca] INAF IASF, Bologna, Italy. [Patrizii, Laura; Chiarusi, T.; Fornari, F.; Giacomini, F.; Margiotta, A.; Mauri, N.; Pasqualini, L.; Sirri, G.; Spurio, M.; Tenti, M.; Travaglini, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bologna, Italy. [Dusini, Stefano; Dal Corso, F.; Laudisio, F.; Sirignano, C.; Stanco, L.; Ventura, S.; Borsato, Enrico] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Bonoli, Carlotta; Bortoletto, Favio; Balestra, Andrea; D'Alessandro, Maurizio; MedinaCeli, Eduardo; Farinelli, Ruben] Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, Padua, Italy. [Corcione, Leonardo; Ligori, Sebastiano] INAF Observ Astron Torino, Turin, Italy. [Grupp, Frank; Wimmer, Carolin] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany. [Padilla, Cristobal; Lamensans, Mikel] IFAE, Barcelona, Spain. [Casas, Ricard; Lloro, Ivan] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona, Spain. [Toledo-Moreo, Rafael; Gomez, Jaime; Colodro-Conde, Carlos; Lizan, David] Univ Politecn Cartagena, SSEL, Murcia, Spain. [Javier. Diaz, Jose] Inst Astrofis Canarias, San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Lilje, Per B.] Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Toulouse-Aastrup, Corinne; Andersen, Michael I.; Sorensen, Anton N.; Jakobsen, Peter] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hornstrup, Allan; Jessen, Niels-Christian] DTU Space, Lyngby, Denmark. [Thizy, Cedric] Univ Liege, ULg CSL, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Holmes, Warren; Israelsson, Ulf; Seiffert, Michael; Waczynski, Augustyn] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Laureijs, Rene J.; Racca, Giuseppe; Salvignol, Jean-Christophe; Boenke, Tobias; Strada, Paolo] European Space Agcy, Estec, F-75738 Paris 15, France. RP Maciaszek, T (reprint author), Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Marseille, France.; Maciaszek, T (reprint author), LAM Lab Astrophys Astrophys Marseille, UMR 7326, Marseille, France. RI Mauri, Nicoletta/B-8712-2017 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99040T DI 10.1117/12.2232941 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100025 ER PT S AU Malbet, F Leger, A Escude, GA Sozzetti, A Spolyar, D Labadie, L Shao, M Holl, B Goullioud, R Crouzier, A Boehm, C Krone-Martins, A AF Malbet, Fabien Leger, Alain Escude, Guillem Anglada Sozzetti, Alessandro Spolyar, Douglas Labadie, Lucas Shao, Mike Holl, Berry Goullioud, Renaud Crouzier, Antoine Boehm, Celine Krone-Martins, Alberto CA Theia Collaboration BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Microarcsecond Astrometric Observatory Theia : From Dark Matter to Compact Objects and Nearby Earths SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE space telescopes; visible domain; astrometry; high precision; detectors; dark matter; exoplanets; space mission AB Theia is a logical successor to Gaia, as a focused, very high precision astrometry mission which addresses two key science objectives of the ESA Cosmic Vision program: the nature of dark matter and the search for habitable planets. Theia addresses a number of other science cases strongly synergistic with ongoing/planned missions, such as the nature of compact objects, motions of stars in young stellar clusters, follow-up of Gaia objects of interest. The "point and stare" operational mode will enable Theia to answer some of the most profound questions that the results of the Gaias survey will ask. Extremely-high-precision astrometry at 1-pas level can only be reached from space. The Theia spacecraft, which will carry a 0.8-m telescope, is foreseen to operate at L2 for 3,5 years. The preliminary Theia mission assessment allowed to identify a safe and robust mission architecture that demonstrates the mission feasibility within the Soyuz ST launch envelope and a small M-class mission cost cap. We present here the features of the mission that has been submitted to the last ESA M4 call in January 2015. C1 [Malbet, Fabien; Crouzier, Antoine] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Malbet, Fabien; Crouzier, Antoine] CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Leger, Alain] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IAS, Orsay, France. [Escude, Guillem Anglada] Queen Mary Coll, London, England. [Sozzetti, Alessandro] INAF Osservatorio Astron Torino, Rome, Italy. [Spolyar, Douglas] AlbaNova Univ Ctr, NORDITA, Stockholm, Sweden. [Labadie, Lucas] Univ Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [Shao, Mike; Goullioud, Renaud] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Holl, Berry] Observ Geneva, Versoix, Switzerland. [Crouzier, Antoine] Observ Paris, LESIA, Paris, France. [Boehm, Celine] Univ Durham, Durham DH1 3HP, England. [Krone-Martins, Alberto] Univ Lisbon, SIM, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Malbet, F (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.; Malbet, F (reprint author), CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. EM Fabien.Malbet@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr OI Anglada Escude, Guillem/0000-0002-3645-5977; Krone-Martins, Alberto/0000-0002-2308-6623 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99042F DI 10.1117/12.2234425 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100070 ER PT S AU Matthews, GW Whitman, TL Feinberg, LD Voyton, MF Lander, JA Keski-Kuha, R AF Matthews, Gary W. Whitman, Tony L. Feinberg, Lee D. Voyton, Mark F. Lander, Juli A. Keski-Kuha, Ritva BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI JWST telescope integration and test progress SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE JWST; Telescope; Integration; Test; Cryo AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a 6.5m, segmented, IR telescope that will explore the first light of the universe after the big bang. The JWST Optical Telescope Element (Telescope) integration and test program is well underway. The telescope was completed in the spring of 2016 and the cryogenic test equipment has been through two optical test programs leading up to the final flight verification program. The details of the telescope mirror integration will be provided along with the current status of the flight observatory. In addition, the results of the two optical ground support equipment cryo tests will be shown and how these plans fold into the flight verification program. C1 [Matthews, Gary W.; Whitman, Tony L.] Harris, Melbourne, FL 55032 USA. [Matthews, Gary W.; Whitman, Tony L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Matthews, GW (reprint author), Harris, Melbourne, FL 55032 USA.; Matthews, GW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990404 DI 10.1117/12.2232040 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100003 ER PT S AU McElwain, MW Mandell, AM Gong, Q Llop-Sayson, J Brandt, T Chambers, VJ Grammer, B Greeley, B Hilton, G Perrin, MD Stapelfeldt, KR Demers, R Tang, H Cady, E AF McElwain, Michael W. Mandell, Avi M. Gong, Qian Llop-Sayson, Jorge Brandt, Timothy Chambers, Victor J. Grammer, Bryan Greeley, Bradford Hilton, George Perrin, Marshall D. Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Demers, Richard Tang, Hong Cady, Eric BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI PISCES: An Integral Field Spectrograph Technology Demonstration for the WFIRST Coronagraph SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Lenslet Arrays; Integral Field Spectroscopy; Imaging Spectroscopy; High-Contrast Imaging; Speckle Suppression; Wavefront Sensing and Control; Exoplanets ID 3D AB We present the design, integration, and test of the Prototype Imaging Spectrograph for Coronagraphic Exoplanet Studies (PISCES) integral field spectrograph (IFS). The PISCES design meets the science requirements for the Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) Coronagraph Instrument (CGI). PISCES was integrated and tested in the integral field spectroscopy laboratory at NASA Goddard. In June 2016, PISCES was delivered to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) where it was integrated with the Shaped Pupil Coronagraph (SPC) High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT). The SPC/PISCES configuration will demonstrate high contrast integral field spectroscopy as part of the WFIRST CGI technology development program. C1 [McElwain, Michael W.; Mandell, Avi M.; Gong, Qian; Chambers, Victor J.; Greeley, Bradford] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Llop-Sayson, Jorge] Catholic Univ Amer, 620 Michigan Ave, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Brandt, Timothy] Inst Adv Study, 1 Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Grammer, Bryan] Design Interface, 3451 Gamber Rd, Finksberg, MD 21048 USA. [Hilton, George] Newton Engn, 7100 Chesapeake Rd,Suite 202, Hyattsville, MD 20784 USA. [Perrin, Marshall D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Demers, Richard; Tang, Hong; Cady, Eric] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, La Canada Flintridge, CA 91011 USA. RP McElwain, MW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99041A DI 10.1117/12.2231671 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100037 ER PT S AU Meixner, M Cooray, A Carter, R DiPirro, M Flores, A Leisawitz, D Armus, L Battersby, C Bergin, E Bradford, CM Ennico, K Melnick, GJ Milam, S Narayanan, D Pontoppidan, K Pope, A Roellig, T Sandstrom, K Su, KYL Vieira, J Wright, E Zmuidzinas, J Alato, S Carey, S Gerin, M Helmich, F Menten, K Scott, D Sakon, I Vavrek, R AF Meixner, M. Cooray, A. Carter, R. DiPirro, M. Flores, A. Leisawitz, D. Armus, L. Battersby, C. Bergin, E. Bradford, C. M. Ennico, K. Melnick, G. J. Milam, S. Narayanan, D. Pontoppidan, K. Pope, A. Roellig, T. Sandstrom, K. Su, K. Y. L. Vieira, J. Wright, E. Zmuidzinas, J. Alato, S. Carey, S. Gerin, M. Helmich, F. Menten, K. Scott, D. Sakon, I. Vavrek, R. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The Far-Infrared Surveyor Mission Study: Paper I, the Genesis SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE ID ASTRONOMY AB This paper describes the beginning of the Far-Infrared Surveyor mission study for NASA's Astrophysics Decadal 2020. We describe the scope of the study, and the open process approach of the Science and Technology Definition Team. We are currently developing the science cases and provide some preliminary highlights here. We note key areas for technological innovation and improvements necessary to make a Far-Infrared Surveyor mission a reality. C1 [Meixner, M.; Pontoppidan, K.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Meixner, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA USA. [Carter, R.; DiPirro, M.; Flores, A.; Leisawitz, D.; Milam, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Armus, L.; Carey, S.] NASA, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. [Battersby, C.; Melnick, G. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bergin, E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bradford, C. M.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ennico, K.; Roellig, T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Narayanan, D.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Pope, A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, LGRT B 619E, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sandstrom, K.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Su, K. Y. L.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Vieira, J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wright, E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Alato, S.] SNSB, Stockholm, Sweden. [Gerin, M.] CNES, Paris, France. [Helmich, F.] SRON, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Menten, K.] DLR, Cologne, Germany. [Scott, D.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Sakon, I.] JAXA, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. [Vavrek, R.] ESA, Paris, France. RP Meixner, M (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Meixner, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM meixner@stsci.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99040K DI 10.1117/12.2240456 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100018 ER PT S AU Mennesson, B Gaudi, S Seager, S Cahoy, K Domagal-Goldman, S Feinberg, L Guyon, O Kasdin, J Marois, C Mawet, D Motohide, T Mouillet, D Prusti, T Quirrenbach, A Robinson, T Rogers, L Scowen, P Somerville, R Stapelfeldt, K Stern, D Still, M Turnbull, M Booth, J Kiessling, A Kuan, G Warfield, K AF Mennesson, Bertrand Gaudi, Scott Seager, Sara Cahoy, Kerri Domagal-Goldman, Shawn Feinberg, Lee Guyon, Olivier Kasdin, Jeremy Marois, Christian Mawet, Dimitri Motohide, Tamura Mouillet, David Prusti, Timo Quirrenbach, Andreas Robinson, Tyler Rogers, Leslie Scowen, Paul Somerville, Rachel Stapelfeldt, Karl Stern, Daniel Still, Martin Turnbull, Margaret Booth, Jeffrey Kiessling, Alina Kuan, Gary Warfield, Keith BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The Habitable Exoplanet (HabEx) Imaging Mission: preliminary science drivers and technical requirements SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Exoplanets; biosignatures; high contrast imaging; galaxy formation and evolution; coronagraph; starshade ID PLANETS; EARTH; STARS; LIFE AB HabEx is one of four candidate flagship missions being studied in detail by NASA, to be submitted for consideration to the 2020 Decadal Survey in Astronomy and Astrophysics for possible launch in the 2030s. It will be optimized for direct imaging and spectroscopy of potentially habitable exoplanets, and will also enable a wide range of general astrophysics science. HabEx aims to fully characterize planetary systems around nearby solar-type stars for the first time, including rocky planets, possible water worlds, gas giants, ice giants, and faint circumstellar debris disks. In particular, it will explore our nearest neighbors and search for signs of habitability and biosignatures in the atmospheres of rocky planets in the habitable zones of their parent stars. Such high spatial resolution, high contrast observations require a large (roughly greater than 3.5m), stable, and diffraction-limited optical space telescope. Such a telescope also opens up unique capabilities for studying the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies. We present some preliminary science objectives identified for HabEx by our Science and Technology Definition Team (STDT), together with a first look at the key challenges and design trades ahead. C1 [Mennesson, Bertrand; Gaudi, Scott; Stapelfeldt, Karl; Stern, Daniel; Booth, Jeffrey; Kiessling, Alina; Kuan, Gary; Warfield, Keith] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gaudi, Scott; Cahoy, Kerri] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Seager, Sara] MIT, Dept Phys, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Domagal-Goldman, Shawn; Feinberg, Lee] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, 933 North Cherry Ave,POB 210065, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] Subaru Telescope, 933 North Cherry Ave,POB 210065, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kasdin, Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Marois, Christian] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, NRC, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Mawet, Dimitri] CALTECH, Dept Astron, 1200 E Calif Blvd,MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Motohide, Tamura] Univ Tokyo, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Motohide, Tamura] NAOJ, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Mouillet, David] IPAG, CNRS, UMR 5274, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Prusti, Timo] Estec, ESA Sci Support Off, POB 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Quirrenbach, Andreas] ZAH, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl 12, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Robinson, Tyler] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rogers, Leslie] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Scowen, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 876004, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Somerville, Rachel] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Still, Martin] NASA Headquarters, Sci Mission Directorate, Div Astrophys, Mail Suite 3U32,300 St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Turnbull, Margaret] Global Sci Inst, POB 252, Antigo, WI 54409 USA. RP Mennesson, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Bertrand.Mennesson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99040L DI 10.1117/12.2240457 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100019 ER PT S AU Perrin, MD Acton, DS Lajoie, CP Knight, JS Lallo, MD Allen, M Baggett, W Barker, E Comeau, T Coppock, E Dean, BH Hartig, G Hayden, WL Jordan, M Jurling, A Kulp, T Long, J McElwain, MW Meza, L Nelan, EP Soummer, R Stansberry, J Stark, C Telfer, R Welsh, A Zielinski, TP Zimmerman, NT AF Perrin, Marshall D. Acton, D. Scott Lajoie, Charles-Philippe Knight, J. Scott Lallo, Matthew D. Allen, Marsha Baggett, Wayne Barker, Elizabeth Comeau, Thomas Coppock, Eric Dean, Bruce H. Hartig, George Hayden, William L. Jordan, Margaret Jurling, Alden Kulp, Trey Long, Joseph McElwain, Michael W. Meza, Luis Nelan, Edmund P. Soummer, Remi Stansberry, John Stark, Christopher Telfer, Randal Welsh, Andria Zielinski, Thomas P. Zimmerman, Neil T. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Preparing for JWST Wavefront Sensing and Control Operations SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE JWST; Wavefront Sensing and Controls; Operations ID DIVERSE PHASE RETRIEVAL; EXTENDED CAPTURE RANGE; SEGMENTED MIRRORS AB The James Webb Space Telescopes segmented primary and deployable secondary mirrors will be actively controlled to achieve optical alignment through a complex series of steps that will extend across several months during the observatory's commissioning. This process will require an intricate interplay between individual wavefront sensing and control tasks, instrument-level checkout and commissioning, and observatory-level calibrations, which involves many subsystems across both the observatory and the ground system. Furthermore, commissioning will often exercise observatory capabilities under atypical circumstances, such as fine guiding with unstacked or defocused images, or planning targeted observations in the presence of substantial time-variable offsets to the telescope line of sight. Coordination for this process across the JWST partnership has been conducted through the Wavefront Sensing & Control Operations Working Group. We describe at a high level the activities of this group and the resulting detailed commissioning operations plans, supporting software tools development, and ongoing preparations activities at the Science & Operations Center. For each major step in JWST's wavefront sensing and control, we also explain the changes and additions that were needed to turn an initial operations concept into a flight-ready plan with proven tools. These efforts are leading to a robust and well-tested process and preparing the team for an efficient and successful commissioning of JWSTs active telescope. C1 [Perrin, Marshall D.; Lajoie, Charles-Philippe; Lallo, Matthew D.; Allen, Marsha; Baggett, Wayne; Barker, Elizabeth; Comeau, Thomas; Hartig, George; Jordan, Margaret; Kulp, Trey; Long, Joseph; Nelan, Edmund P.; Soummer, Remi; Stansberry, John; Stark, Christopher; Telfer, Randal; Zimmerman, Neil T.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Acton, D. Scott; Knight, J. Scott; Coppock, Eric] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Dean, Bruce H.; Hayden, William L.; Jurling, Alden; McElwain, Michael W.; Zielinski, Thomas P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Meza, Luis; Welsh, Andria] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Perrin, MD (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mperrin@stsci.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99040F DI 10.1117/12.2233104 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100014 ER PT S AU Reed, BB DeWeese, K Kienlen, M Aranyos, T Pellegrino, J Bacon, C Qureshi, A AF Reed, Benjamin B. DeWeese, Keith Kienlen, Michael Aranyos, Thomas Pellegrino, Joseph Bacon, Charles Qureshi, Atif BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI SEL2 Servicing: Increased Science Return via On-Orbit Propellant Replenishment SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE satellite servicing; robotics; refueling; SEL2 servicing; cooperative serving aids; Restore-L AB Spacecraft designers are driving observatories to the distant Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 2 (SEL2) to meet ever-increasing science requirements. The mass fraction dedicated to propellant for these observatories to reach and operate at SEL2 will be allocated with the upmost care, as it comes at the expense of optics and instrument masses. As such, these observatories could benefit from on-orbit refueling, allowing greater dry-to-wet mass ratio at launch and/or longer mission life. NASA is developing technologies, capabilities and integrated mission designs for multiple servicing applications in low Earth orbit (LEO), geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) and cisluner locations. Restore-L, a mission officially in formulation, will launch a free-flying robotic servicer to refuel a government-owned satellite in LEO by mid 2020. This paper will detail the results of a point design mission study to extend Restore-L servicing technologies from LEO to SEL2. This SEL2 mission would launch an autonomous, robotic servicer spacecraft equipped to extend the life of two space assets through refueling. Two space platforms were chosen to 1) drive the requirements for achieving SEL2 orbit and rendezvous with a spacecraft, and 2) to drive the requirements to translate within SEL2 to conduct a follow-on servicing mission. Two fuels, xenon and hydrazine, were selected to assess a multiple delivery system. This paper will address key mission drivers, such as servicer autonomy (necessitated due to communications latency at L2). Also discussed will be the value of adding cooperative servicing elements to the client observatories to reduce mission risk. C1 [Reed, Benjamin B.; DeWeese, Keith; Kienlen, Michael] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 408, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Aranyos, Thomas] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Pellegrino, Joseph; Bacon, Charles] Orbital ATK, Space Syst, 7500 Greenway Ctr Dr,Suite 700, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Qureshi, Atif] Jackson & Tull, 6411 Ivy Lane,Suite 204, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Reed, BB (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 408, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM benjamin.b.reed@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99041N DI 10.1117/12.2231290 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100048 ER PT S AU Ricker, GR Vanderspek, H Winn, J Seager, S Berta-Thompson, Z Levine, A Villasenor, J Latham, D Charbonneau, D Holman, M Johnson, J Sasselov, D Szentgyorgyi, A Torres, G Bakos, G Brown, T Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Kjeldsen, H Clampin, M Rinehart, S Deming, D Doty, J Dunham, E Ida, S Kawai, N Sato, B Jenkins, J Lissauer, J Jernigan, G Kaltenegger, L Laughlin, G Lin, D McCullough, P Narita, N Pepper, J Stassun, K Udry, S AF Ricker, G. R. Vanderspek, H. Winn, J. Seager, S. Berta-Thompson, Z. Levine, A. Villasenor, J. Latham, D. Charbonneau, D. Holman, M. Johnson, J. Sasselov, D. Szentgyorgyi, A. Torres, G. Bakos, G. Brown, T. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Kjeldsen, H. Clampin, M. Rinehart, S. Deming, D. Doty, J. Dunham, E. Ida, S. Kawai, N. Sato, B. Jenkins, J. Lissauer, J. Jernigan, G. Kaltenegger, L. Laughlin, G. Lin, D. McCullough, P. Narita, N. Pepper, J. Stassun, K. Udry, S. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Exoplanet; extrasolar planet; photometry; satellite; transit ID PLANETS; KEPLER; STARS; TELESCOPE; CATALOG; SYSTEMS AB The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will search the solar neighborhood for planets transiting bright stars. TESS has been selected by NASA for launch in 2017 as an Astrophysics Explorer mission. The spacecraft will be placed into a highly elliptical 13.7-day orbit around the Earth. During its two-year mission, TESS will employ four wide-field optical CCD cameras to monitor at least 200,000 main-sequence dwarf stars with I-C less than or similar to 13 for temporary drops in brightness caused by planetary transits. Each star will be observed for an interval ranging from one month to one year, depending on the star's ecliptic latitude. The longest observing intervals will be for stars near the ecliptic poles, which are the optimal locations for follow-up observations with the James Webb Space Telescope. Brightness measurements of preselected target stars will be recorded every 2 min, and full frame images will be recorded every 30 min. TESS stars will be 10-100 times brighter than those surveyed by the pioneering Kepler mission. This will make TESS planets easier to characterize with follow-up observations. TESS is expected to find more than a thousand planets smaller than Neptune, including dozens that are comparable in size to the Earth. Public data releases will occur every four months, inviting immediate community- wide efforts to study the new planets. The TESS legacy will be a catalog of the nearest and brightest stars hosting transiting planets, which will endure as highly favorable targets for detailed investigations. C1 [Ricker, G. R.; Vanderspek, H.; Winn, J.; Seager, S.; Berta-Thompson, Z.; Levine, A.; Villasenor, J.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Latham, D.; Charbonneau, D.; Holman, M.; Johnson, J.; Sasselov, D.; Szentgyorgyi, A.; Torres, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bakos, G.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Brown, T.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Kjeldsen, H.] Aarhus Univ, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Clampin, M.; Rinehart, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Deming, D.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Doty, J.] Noqsi Aerosp Ltd, Pine, CO 80470 USA. [Dunham, E.] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ida, S.; Kawai, N.; Sato, B.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. [Jenkins, J.; Lissauer, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Jernigan, G.] UCB, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kaltenegger, L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Laughlin, G.; Lin, D.] UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [McCullough, P.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [McCullough, P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Narita, N.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan. [Pepper, J.] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Stassun, K.] Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Stassun, K.] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Udry, S.] Observ Genve, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. RP Ricker, GR (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM grr@space.mit.edu OI Pepper, Joshua/0000-0002-3827-8417 NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99042B DI 10.1117/12.2232071 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100066 ER PT S AU Riggs, AJE Cady, EJ Prada, CM Kern, BD Zhou, HY Kasdin, NJ Groff, TD AF Riggs, A. J. Eldorado Cady, Eric J. Prada, Camilo Mejia Kern, Brian D. Zhou, Hanying Kasdin, N. Jeremy Groff, Tyler D. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Low-Signal, Coronagraphic Wavefront Estimation with Kalman Filtering in the High Contrast Imaging Testbed SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE WFIRST; wavefront correction; coronagraph; shaped pupil; high contrast; Kalman filter AB For direct imaging and spectral characterization of cold exoplanets in reflected light, the proposed Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) will carry two types of coronagraphs. The High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has been testing both coronagraph types and demonstrated their abilities to achieve high contrast. Focal plane wavefront correction is used to estimate and mitigate aberrations. As the most time-consuming part of correction during a space mission, the acquisition of probed images for electric field estimation needs to be as short as possible. We present results from the HCIT of narrowband, low-signal wavefront estimation tests using a shaped pupil Lyot coronagraph (SPLC) designed for the WFIRST CGI. In the low-flux regime, the Kalman filter and iterated extended Kalman filter provide faster correction, better achievable contrast, and more accurate estimates than batch process estimation. C1 [Riggs, A. J. Eldorado; Kasdin, N. Jeremy; Groff, Tyler D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Cady, Eric J.; Prada, Camilo Mejia; Kern, Brian D.; Zhou, Hanying] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Riggs, AJE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ariggs@princeton.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99043F DI 10.1117/12.2233909 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100099 ER PT S AU Rigopoulou, D Caldwell, M Ellison, B Pearson, C Caux, E Cooray, A Gallego, JD Gerin, M Goicoechea, JR Goldsmith, P Kramer, C Lis, DC Molinari, S Ossenkopf-Okada, V Savini, G Tan, BK Tielens, A Viti, S Wiedner, M Yassin, G AF Rigopoulou, D. Caldwell, M. Ellison, B. Pearson, C. Caux, E. Cooray, A. Gallego, J. D. Gerin, M. Goicoechea, J. R. Goldsmith, P. Kramer, C. Lis, D. C. Molinari, S. Ossenkopf-Okada, V. Savini, G. Tan, B. K. Tielens, A. Viti, S. Wiedner, M. Yassin, G. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The Far Infrared Spectroscopic Explorer (FIRSPEX): Probing the lifecycle of the ISM in the Universe SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Far-Infrared; millimeter; heterodyne; spectroscopy; space; astrophysics AB The Far Infrared Spectroscopic Explorer (FIRSPEX) is a novel European-led astronomy mission concept developed to enable large area ultra high spectroscopic resolution surveys in the THz regime. FIRSPEX opens up a relatively unexplored spectral and spatial parameter space that will produce an enormously significant scientific legacy by focusing on the properties of the multi-phase ISM, the assembly of molecular clouds in our Galaxy and the onset of star formation; topics which are fundamental to our understanding of galaxy evolution. The mission uses a heterodyne instrument and a similar to 1.2 m primary antenna to scan large areas of the sky in a number of discreet spectroscopic channels from L2. The FIRSPEX bands centered at [CI] 809 GHz, [NII] 1460 GHz, [CII] 1900 GHz and [OI] 4700 GHz have been carefully selected to target key atomic and ionic fine structure transitions difficult or impossible to access from the ground but fundamental to the study of the multi-phase ISM in the Universe. The need for state-of-the-art sensitivity dictates the use of superconducting mixers configured either as tunnel junctions or hot electron bolometers. This technology requires cooling to low temperatures, approaching 4K, in order to operate. The receivers will operate in double sideband configuration providing a total of 7 pixels on the sky. FIRSPEX will operate from L2 in both survey and pointed mode enabling velocity resolved spectroscopy of large areas of sky as well as targeted observations. C1 [Rigopoulou, D.; Tan, B. K.; Yassin, G.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Caldwell, M.; Ellison, B.; Pearson, C.] Sci Technol Facil Council, RAL Space, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Caux, E.] IRAP, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Gallego, J. D.] Observ Astron Nacl, Ctr Astron Yebes, Apdo 148, Guadalajara 19080, Spain. [Gerin, M.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris,Ecole Normale Super,LERMA,CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France. [Goicoechea, J. R.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Grp Astrofis Mol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Goldsmith, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kramer, C.] Nucleo Cent, Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM, Av Divina Pastora 7, Granada 18012, Spain. [Lis, D. C.; Wiedner, M.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, PSL Res Univ, CNRS,Observ Paris,LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Molinari, S.] INAF Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziale, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ossenkopf-Okada, V.; Viti, S.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Savini, G.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Tielens, A.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Rigopoulou, D (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. OI Savini, Giorgio/0000-0003-4449-9416 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99042K DI 10.1117/12.2233593 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100073 ER PT S AU Rinehart, SA Rizzo, MJ Leisawitz, DT Staguhn, JG DiPirro, M Mentzell, JE Juanola-Parramon, R Dhabal, A Mundy, LG Moseley, SH Mather, JC Padgett, DL Stapelfeldt, K Roberge, A Cordiner, M Milam, S Veach, T Fixsen, D AF Rinehart, S. A. Rizzo, M. J. Leisawitz, D. T. Staguhn, J. G. DiPirro, M. Mentzell, J. E. Juanola-Parramon, R. Dhabal, A. Mundy, L. G. Moseley, S. H. Mather, J. C. Padgett, D. L. Stapelfeldt, K. Roberge, A. Cordiner, M. Milam, S. Veach, T. Fixsen, D. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The Space High Angular Resolution Probe for the Infrared (SHARP-IR) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Far-infrared; interferometry; high angular resolution; spectroscopy AB The Space High Angular Resolution Probe for the Infrared (SHARP-IR) is a new mission currently under study. As part of the preparation for the Decadal Survey, NASA is currently undertaking studies of four major missions, but interest has also been shown in determining if there are feasible sub-$1B missions that could provide significant scientific return. SHARP-IR is being designed as one such potential probe. In this talk, we will discuss some of the potential scientific questions that could be addressed with the mission, the current design, and the path forward to concept maturation. C1 [Rinehart, S. A.; Leisawitz, D. T.; DiPirro, M.; Mentzell, J. E.; Juanola-Parramon, R.; Moseley, S. H.; Mather, J. C.; Padgett, D. L.; Roberge, A.; Cordiner, M.; Milam, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rizzo, M. J.; Dhabal, A.; Mundy, L. G.; Veach, T.; Fixsen, D.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Staguhn, J. G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Juanola-Parramon, R.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Rinehart, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Stephen.A.Rinehart@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99042L DI 10.1117/12.2231790 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100074 ER PT S AU Rioux, N Dichmann, D Domagal-Goldman, S Mandell, A Roberge, A Stark, C Stoneking, E Willis, D AF Rioux, Norman Dichmann, Donald Domagal-Goldman, Shawn Mandell, Avi Roberge, Aki Stark, Chris Stoneking, Eric Willis, Dewey BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Engineering considerations applied to starshade repointing SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE starshade; occulter; delta-v; re-pointing; exoplanets; Hab-Ex; LUVOIR AB Engineering analysis has been carried out on orbit dynamics that drive the delta-v budget for repointing a free-flying starshade occulter for viewing exoplanets with a space telescope. This analysis has application to the design of starshade spacecraft and yield calculations of observations of exoplanets using a space telescope and a starshade. Analysis was carried out to determine if there may be some advantage for the global delta-v budget if the telescope performs orbit changing delta-v maneuvers as part of the telescope-starshade alignment for observing exoplanets. Analysis of the orbit environmental forces at play found no significant advantage in having the telescope participate in delta-v maneuvers for exoplanet observation repointing. A separate analysis of starshade delta-v for repointing found that the orbit dynamics of the starshade is driven by multiple simultaneous variables that need to be considered together in order to create an effective estimate of delta-v over an exoplanet observation campaign. These include area of the starshade, dry mass of the starshade spacecraft, and propellant mass of the starshade spacecraft. Solar radiation pressure (SRP) has the potential to play a dominant role in the orbit dynamics and delta-v budget. SRP effects are driven by the differences in the mass, area, and coefficients of reflectivity of the observing telescope and the starshade. The propellant budget cannot be effectively estimated without a conceptual design of a starshade spacecraft including the propulsion system. The varying propellant mass over the mission is a complexity that makes calculating the propellant budget less straightforward. C1 [Rioux, Norman; Dichmann, Donald; Domagal-Goldman, Shawn; Mandell, Avi; Roberge, Aki; Stoneking, Eric; Willis, Dewey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stark, Chris] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Rioux, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99043L DI 10.1117/12.2233541 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100105 ER PT S AU Sankar, S Livas, J AF Sankar, S. Livas, J. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Testing and characterization of a prototype telescope for the evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE gravitational waves; LISA; interferometry; scattered light; dimensional stability AB We describe our efforts to fabricate, test and characterize a prototype telescope for the eLISA mission. Much of our work has centered on the modeling and measurement of scattered light performance. This work also builds on a previous demonstration of a high dimensional stability metering structure using particular choices of materials and interfaces. We will discuss ongoing plans to merge these two separate demonstrations into a single telescope design demonstrating both stray light and dimensional stability requirements simultaneously. C1 [Sankar, S.] USRA CRESST, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Sankar, S.; Livas, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sankar, S (reprint author), USRA CRESST, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Sankar, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM shannon.r.sankar@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99045A DI 10.1117/12.2233075 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100150 ER PT S AU Shi, F Balasubramanian, K Bartos, R Hein, R Lam, R Mandic, M Moore, D Moore, J Patterson, K Poberezhskiy, I Shields, J Sidick, E Tang, H Truong, T Wallace, JK Wang, X Wilson, D AF Shi, Fang Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham Bartos, Randall Hein, Randall Lam, Raymond Mandic, Milan Moore, Douglas Moore, James Patterson, Keith Poberezhskiy, Ilya Shields, Joel Sidick, Erkin Tang, Hong Tuan Truong Wallace, James K. Wang, Xu Wilson, Daniel BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Low Order Wavefront Sensing and Control for WFIRST Coronagraph SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE WFIRST Coronagraph; Exoplanet; wavefront sensing and control; Zernike wavefront sensor; stellar coronagraph; Fast steering mirror AB To maintain the required WFIRST Coronagraph starlight suppression performance in a realistic space environment, a low order wavefront sensing and control (LOWFS/C) subsystem is necessary. The LOWFS/C uses the rejected stellar light from coronagraph to sense and suppress the telescope pointing drift and jitter as well as the low order wavefront errors due to changes in thermal loading on the telescope and the rest of the observatory. In this paper we will present an overview of the low order wavefront sensing and control subsystem for the WFIRST Coronagraph and describe the WFIRST Coronagraph LOWFS function, its design, and modeled performance. We will present experimental results on a dedicated LOWFS/C testbed that show that the LOWFS/C subsystem not only can sense pointing errors better than 0.2 mas but has also experimentally demonstrated closed loop pointing error suppression with residuals better than 0.4 mas rms per axis for the vast majority of observatory reaction wheel speeds. C1 [Shi, Fang; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Bartos, Randall; Hein, Randall; Lam, Raymond; Mandic, Milan; Moore, Douglas; Moore, James; Patterson, Keith; Poberezhskiy, Ilya; Shields, Joel; Sidick, Erkin; Tang, Hong; Tuan Truong; Wallace, James K.; Wang, Xu; Wilson, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. RP Shi, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990418 DI 10.1117/12.2234226 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100035 ER PT S AU Shirahata, M Arai, T Battle, J Bock, J Cooray, A Enokuchi, A Hristov, V Kanai, Y Kim, MG Korngut, P Lanz, A Lee, DH Mason, P Matsumoto, T Matsuura, S Morford, T Ohnishi, Y Park, WK Sano, K Takeyama, N Tsumura, K Wada, T Wang, SY Zemcov, M AF Shirahata, Mai Arai, Toshiaki Battle, John Bock, James Cooray, Asantha Enokuchi, Akito Hristov, Viktor Kanai, Yoshikazu Kim, Min Gyu Korngut, Phillip Lanz, Alicia Lee, Dae-Hee Mason, Peter Matsumoto, Toshio Matsuura, Shuji Morford, Tracy Ohnishi, Yosuke Park, Won-Kee Sano, Kei Takeyama, Norihide Tsumura, Kohji Wada, Takehiko Wang, Shiang-Yu Zemcov, Michael BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI The cosmic infrared background experiment-2 (CIBER-2) for studying the near-infrared extragalactic background light SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE CIBER-2; near-infrared background; rocket; observation; telescope ID LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTRUM; DIFFUSE GALACTIC LIGHT; ZODIACAL LIGHT; RED CAMERA; ANISOTROPIES; FLUCTUATIONS; SPECTROMETER; STARS; BAND AB We present the current status of the Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment-2 (CIBER-2) project, whose goal is to make a rocket-borne measurement of the near-infrared Extragalactic Background Light (EBL), under a collaboration with U.S.A., Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The EBL is the integrated light of all extragalactic sources of emission back to the early Universe. At near-infrared wavelengths, measurement of the EBL is a promising way to detect the diffuse light from the first collapsed structures at redshift z similar to 10, which are impossible to detect as individual sources. However, recently, the intra-halo light (IHL) model is advocated as the main contribution to the EBL, and our new result of the EBL fluctuation from CIBER-1 experiment is also supporting this model. In this model, EBL is contributed by accumulated light from stars in the dark halo regions of low-redshift (z<2) galaxies, those were tidally stripped by the interaction of satellite dwarf galaxies. Thus, in order to understand the origin of the EBL, both the spatial fluctuation observations with multiple wavelength bands and the absolute spectroscopic observations for the EBL are highly required. After the successful initial CIBER-1 experiment, we are now developing a new instrument CIBER-2, which is comprised of a 28.5-cm aluminum telescope and three broad-band, wide-field imaging cameras. The three wide-field (2.3x2.3 degrees) imaging cameras use the 2Kx2K HgCdTe HAWAII-2RG arrays, and cover the optical and near-infrared wavelength range of 0.5-0.9 mu m, 1.0-1.4 mu m and 1.5-2.0 mu m, respectively. Combining a large area telescope with the high sensitivity detectors, CIBER-2 will be able to measure the spatial fluctuations in the EBL at much fainter levels than those detected in previous CIBER-1 experiment. Additionally, we will use a linear variable filter installed just above the detectors so that a measurement of the absolute spectrum of the EBL is also possible. In this paper, the scientific motivation and the expected performance for CIBER-2 will be presented. The detailed designs of the telescope and imaging cameras will also be discussed, including the designs of the mechanical, cryogenic, and electrical systems. C1 [Shirahata, Mai; Arai, Toshiaki; Matsumoto, Toshio; Matsuura, Shuji; Wada, Takehiko] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Arai, Toshiaki; Tsumura, Kohji] Tohoku Univ, Frontier Res Inst Interdisciplinary Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Battle, John; Bock, James; Hristov, Viktor; Korngut, Phillip; Lanz, Alicia; Mason, Peter; Morford, Tracy] CALTECH, Dept Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, James; Korngut, Phillip; Zemcov, Michael] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cooray, Asantha] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Enokuchi, Akito; Kanai, Yoshikazu; Takeyama, Norihide] Genesia Corp, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810013, Japan. [Kim, Min Gyu; Lee, Dae-Hee; Park, Won-Kee] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst KASI, Daejeon 305348, South Korea. [Matsumoto, Toshio; Wang, Shiang-Yu] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Matsuura, Shuji] Kwansei Gakuin Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Sanda, Hyogo 6691337, Japan. [Ohnishi, Yosuke] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Sano, Kei] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Zemcov, Michael] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Shirahata, M (reprint author), Genesia Corp, Mitaka Sangyo Plaza 601,3-38-4 Shimorenjyaku, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810013, Japan. EM mai@genesia.co.jp NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99044J DI 10.1117/12.2229567 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100133 ER PT S AU Sirbu, D Pluzhnik, E Belikov, R AF Sirbu, Dan Pluzhnik, Eugene Belikov, Ruslan BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Modeling of microelectromechanical systems deformable mirror diffraction grating SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE High Contrast Imaging; Adaptive Optics; Deformable Mirrors; MEMS; Internal Coronagraph; Diffraction Grating; Phase Grating; Amplitude Grating; Quilting Orders AB Model-based wavefront control methods such as electric field conjugation require accurate optical propagation models to create high-contrast regions in the focal plane using deformable mirrors (DMs). Recently, it has been shown that it is possible to exceed the controllable outer-working angle imposed by the Nyquist limit based on the number of actuators by utilizing a diffraction grating. The print-through pattern on MEMS-based DMs formed during the fabrication process creates both an amplitude and a phase diffraction grating that can be used to enable Super-Nyquist wavefront control. Using interferometric measurements of a DM-actuator, we develop a DM-diffraction grating model. We compare the total energy enclosed in the first diffraction order due to the phase, amplitude, and combined phase-amplitude gratings with laboratory measurements. C1 [Sirbu, Dan; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Belikov, Ruslan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. RP Sirbu, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100174 ER PT S AU Sirbu, D Pluzhnik, E Belikov, R AF Sirbu, Dan Pluzhnik, Eugene Belikov, Ruslan BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Accuracy analysis of a new method to estimate chromatic wavefront error SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE High Contrast Imaging; Adaptive Optics; Internal Coronagraph; Wavefront Estimation; Spectral Estimation; Chromaticity; Speckles AB An internal coronagraph with an adaptive optical system for wavefront correction for direct imaging of exoplanets is currently being considered for many mission concepts: a dedicated instrument undergoing development on the upcoming WFIRST mission, and prime instruments on the large-scale HabEx and LUVOIR mission studies, as well as smaller-scale missions such as ACESAT. To enable direct imaging of exoplanets with an internal coronagraph both diffraction and scattered light from the stellar point spread function must be directly suppressed using the coronagraph instrument or corrected in post-processing. Both of these tasks require estimation of the chromatically-dependent complex electric field in the focal plane either using the main science camera or the integral field spectrograph (IFS) camera. To date, the most common method to estimate the chromaticity of the complex electric field is using a heterodyne term generated by DM probes and requiring sequence of narrowband filters to increase coherence. We extend this concept to enable estimation using direct broadband images using a well-calibrated broadband response matrix of the DM probes. Our broadband focal plane estimation method can be used with a single broadband filter providing an alternative to more complicated methods that require several monochromatic channels or a dedicated integral field spectrograph. This capability can also enable lowcost, low-complexity coronagraph missions. We demonstrate the broadband estimation method using fully 30% bandwidth broadband input light with an optical simulator featuring a PIAA coronagraph. C1 [Sirbu, Dan; Pluzhnik, Eugene; Belikov, Ruslan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sirbu, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100161 ER PT S AU Sirbu, D Kasdin, NJ Vanderbei, RJ AF Sirbu, Dan Kasdin, N. Jeremy Vanderbei, Robert J. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Diffraction-based analysis of tunnel size for a scaled external occulter testbed SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE External Occulters; Starshades; High Contrast Imaging; Scalar Diffraction; Tunnel AB For performance verification of an external occulter mask (also called a starshade), scaled testbeds have been developed to measure the suppression of the occulter shadow in the pupil plane and contrast in the image plane. For occulter experiments the scaling is typically performed by maintaining an equivalent Fresnel number. The original Princeton occulter testbed was oversized with respect to both input beam and shadow propagation to limit any diffraction effects due to finite testbed enclosure edges; however, to operate at realistic space-mission equivalent Fresnel numbers an extended testbed is currently under construction. With the longer propagation distances involved, diffraction effects due to the edge of the tunnel must now be considered in the experiment design. Here, we present a diffraction-based model of two separate tunnel effects. First, we consider the effect of tunnel-edge induced diffraction ringing upstream from the occulter mask. Second, we consider the diffraction effect due to clipping of the output shadow by the tunnel downstream from the occulter mask. These calculations are performed for a representative point design relevant to the new Princeton occulter experiment, but we also present an analytical relation that can be used for other propagation distances. C1 [Sirbu, Dan; Kasdin, N. Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vanderbei, Robert J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Operat Res & Financial Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sirbu, Dan] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Sirbu, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Sirbu, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99043J DI 10.1117/12.2232360 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100103 ER PT S AU Smith, D Warwick, S Glassman, TM Novicki, MC Richards, MC Harness, A Patterson, KD AF Smith, Daniel Warwick, Steven Glassman, Tiffany M. Novicki, Megan C. Richards, Michael C. Harness, Anthony Patterson, Keith D. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Measurements of high-contrast starshade performance in the field SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE exoplanets; starshade; diffraction; occulter; field test AB The external starshade is a method for the direct detection and spectral characterization of terrestrial planets around other stars, a key goal identified in ASTRO2010. In an effort to validate the starlight-suppression performance of the starshade, we have measured contrast better than 1x10(-9) using 60 cm starshades at points just beyond the starshade tips. These measurements were made over a 50% spectral bandpass, using an incoherent light source (a white LED), and in challenging outdoor test environments. Our experimental setup is designed to provide starshade to telescope separation and telescope aperture size that are scaled as closely as possible to the flight system. The measurements confirm not only the overall starlight-suppression capability of the starshade concept but also the robustness of the setup to optical disturbances such as atmospheric effects at the test site. The spectral coverage is limited only by the optics and detectors in our test setup, not by the starshade itself. Here we describe our latest results as well as detailed comparisons of the measured results to model predictions. Plans and status of the next phase of ground testing are also discussed. C1 [Smith, Daniel; Warwick, Steven; Glassman, Tiffany M.; Novicki, Megan C.; Richards, Michael C.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk Dr, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Harness, Anthony] Univ Colorado Boulder, 2055 Regent Dr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Patterson, Keith D.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Smith, D (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, 1 Space Pk Dr, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. EM daniel.smith@ngc.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99043K DI 10.1117/12.2232841 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100104 ER PT S AU Smith, KZ Acton, DS Gallagher, B Knight, JS Dean, BH Jurling, AS Zielinski, TP AF Smith, Koby Z. Acton, D. Scott Gallagher, Ben Knight, J. Scott Dean, Bruce H. Jurling, Alden S. Zielinski, Thomas P. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Calibration results using highly aberrated images for aligning the JWST instruments to the telescope SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE JWST; OTIS; ISIM; AOS; phase retrieval AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) project is an international collaboration led by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, MD. JWST is NASA's flagship observatory that will operate nearly a million miles away from Earth at the L2 Lagrange point. JWST's optical design is a three-mirror anastigmat with four main optical components; 1) the eighteen Primary Mirror Segment Assemblies (PMSA), 2) a single Secondary Mirror Assembly (SMA), 3) an Aft-Optics Subsystem (AOS) consisting of a Tertiary Mirror and Fine Steering Mirror, and 4) an Integrated Science Instrument Module consisting of the various instruments for JWST. JWST's optical system has been designed to accommodate a significant amount of alignment capability and risk with the PMSAs and SMA having rigid body motion available on-orbit just for alignment purposes. However, the Aft-Optics Subsystem (AOS) and Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) are essentially fixed optical subsystems within JWST, and therefore the cryogenic alignment of the AOS to the ISIM is critical to the optical performance and mission success of JWST. In support of this cryogenic alignment of the AOS to ISIM, an array of fiber optic sources, known as the AOS Source Plate Assembly (ASPA), are placed near the intermediate image location of JWST (between the secondary and tertiary mirrors) during thermal vacuum ground-test operations. The AOS produces images of the ASPA fiber optic sources at the JWST focal surface location, where they are captured by the various science instruments. In this manner, the AOS provides an optical yardstick by which the instruments within ISIM can evaluate their relative positions to and the alignment of the AOS to ISIM can be quantified. However, since the ASPA is located at the intermediate image location of the JWST three-mirror anastigmat design, the images of these fiber optic sources produced by the AOS are highly aberrated with approximately 2-3 mu m RMS wavefront error consisting mostly of 3rd-order astigmatism and coma. This is because the elliptical tertiary mirror of the AOS is used off of its ideal foci locations without the compensating wavefront effects of the JWST primary and secondary mirrors. Therefore, the PSFs created are highly asymmetric with relatively complex structure and the centroid and encircled energy analyses traditionally used to locate images are not sufficient for ensuring the AOS to ISIM alignment. A novel approach combining phase retrieval and spatial metrology was developed to both locate the images with respect to the AOS and provide calibration information for eventual AOS to ISIM alignment verification. During final JWST OTE and ISIM (OTIS) testing, only a single thru-focus image will be collected by the instruments. Therefore, tools and processes were developed to perform single-image phase retrieval on these highly aberrated images such that any single image of the ASPA source can provide calibrated knowledge of the instruments' position relative to the AOS. This paper discusses the results of the methodology, hardware, and calibration performed to ensure that the AOS and ISIM are aligned within their respective tolerances at JWST OTIS testing. C1 [Smith, Koby Z.; Acton, D. Scott; Gallagher, Ben; Knight, J. Scott] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce Dr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Dean, Bruce H.; Jurling, Alden S.; Zielinski, Thomas P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Smith, KZ (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce Dr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM ksmith@ball.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990442 DI 10.1117/12.2232180 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100117 ER PT S AU Stahl, HP Hopkins, RC Schnell, A Smith, DA Jackman, A Warfield, KR AF Stahl, H. Philip Hopkins, Randall C. Schnell, Andrew Smith, David Alan Jackman, Angela Warfield, Keith R. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Potential large missions enabled by NASA's Space Launch System SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE space telescopes; astrophysics; astronomy; ATLAST; LUVOIR; HabEx AB Large space telescope missions have always been limited by their launch vehicle's mass and volume capacities. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was specifically designed to fit inside the Space Shuttle and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is specifically designed to fit inside an Ariane 5. Astrophysicists desire even larger space telescopes. NASA's "Enduring Quests Daring Visions" report calls for an 8- to 16-m Large UV-Optical-IR (LUVOIR) Surveyor mission to enable ultra-high-contrast spectroscopy and coronagraphy. AURA's "From Cosmic Birth to Living Earth" report calls for a 12-m class High-Definition Space Telescope to pursue transformational scientific discoveries. NASA's "Planning for the 2020 Decadal Survey" calls for a Habitable Exoplanet Imaging (HabEx) and a LUVOIR as well as Far-IR and an X-Ray Surveyor missions. Packaging larger space telescopes into existing launch vehicles is a significant engineering complexity challenge that drives cost and risk. NASA's planned Space Launch System (SLS), with its 8 or 10-m diameter fairings and ability to deliver 35 to 45-mt of payload to Sun-Earth-Lagrange-2, mitigates this challenge by fundamentally changing the design paradigm for large space telescopes. This paper reviews the mass and volume capacities of the planned SLS, discusses potential implications of these capacities for designing large space telescope missions, and gives three specific mission concept implementation examples: a 4-m monolithic off-axis telescope, an 8-m monolithic on-axis telescope and a 12-m segmented on-axis telescope. C1 [Stahl, H. Philip; Hopkins, Randall C.; Schnell, Andrew; Smith, David Alan; Jackman, Angela] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Warfield, Keith R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Stahl, HP (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99040G DI 10.1117/12.2233684 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100015 ER PT S AU Stark, CC Cady, E Clampin, M Domagal-Goldman, S Lisman, D Mandell, AM McElwain, MW Roberge, A Robinson, TD Savransky, D Shaklan, SB Stapelfeldt, KR AF Stark, Christopher C. Cady, Eric Clampin, Mark Domagal-Goldman, Shawn Lisman, Doug Mandell, Avi M. McElwain, Michael W. Roberge, Aki Robinson, Tyler D. Savransky, Dmitry Shaklan, Stuart B. Stapelfeldt, Karl R. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI A direct comparison of exoEarth yields for starshades and coronagraphs SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE telescopes; methods:numerical; planetary systems ID MISSION AB The scale and design of a future mission capable of directly imaging extrasolar planets will be influenced by the detectable number (yield) of potentially Earth-like planets. Currently, coronagraphs and starshades are being considered as instruments for such a mission. We will use a novel code to estimate and compare the yields for starshade- and coronagraph-based missions. We will show yield scaling relationships for each instrument and discuss the impact of astrophysical and instrumental noise on yields. Although the absolute yields are dependent on several yet-unknown parameters, we will present several limiting cases allowing us to bound the yield comparison. C1 [Stark, Christopher C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cady, Eric; Lisman, Doug; Shaklan, Stuart B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clampin, Mark; Domagal-Goldman, Shawn; Mandell, Avi M.; McElwain, Michael W.; Roberge, Aki; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Robinson, Tyler D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Stark, CC (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM cstark@stsci.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99041U DI 10.1117/12.2233201 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100055 ER PT S AU te Plate, M Birkmann, S Rumler, P Jensen, P Eder, R Ehrenwinkler, R Merkle, F Mosner, P Roedel, A Speckmaier, M Johnson, TE Mott, B Snodgrass, S AF te Plate, Maurice Birkmann, Stephan Rumler, Peter Jensen, Peter Eder, Robert Ehrenwinkler, Ralf Merkle, Frank Mosner, Peter Roedel, Andreas Speckmaier, Max Johnson, Thomas E. Mott, Brent Snodgrass, Stephen BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Getting JWST's NIRSpec back in shape SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE James Webb Space Telescope; NIRSpec; Multi-object spectrograph; Infrared; Micro Shutter Array; MEMS; SiC AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Observatory is the follow-on mission to the Hubble Space Telescope. JWST will be the biggest space telescope ever built and it will lead to astounding scientific breakthroughs. The mission will be launched in October 2018 from Kourou, French Guyana by an ESA provided Ariane 5 rocket. NIRSpec, one of the four instruments on board of the mission, recently underwent a major upgrade. New infrared detectors were installed and the Micro Shutter Assembly (MSA) was replaced as well. The rework was necessary because both systems were found to be degrading beyond a level that could be accepted. The techniques and procedures that were applied during this campaign will be elaborated in this paper. Some first cold test results of the upgraded instrument will be presented as well. C1 [te Plate, Maurice; Birkmann, Stephan] European Space Agcy STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rumler, Peter; Jensen, Peter] European Space Agcy, Keplerlaan 1,POB 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Eder, Robert; Ehrenwinkler, Ralf; Merkle, Frank; Mosner, Peter; Roedel, Andreas; Speckmaier, Max] AIRBUS Def & Space, D-81663 Munich, Germany. [Johnson, Thomas E.; Mott, Brent; Snodgrass, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP te Plate, M (reprint author), European Space Agcy STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99040D DI 10.1117/12.2232640 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100012 ER PT S AU Wang, X Shi, F Wallace, JK AF Wang, Xu Shi, Fang Wallace, J. Kent BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Zernike wavefront sensor (ZWFS) development for Low Order Wavefront Sensing (LOWFS) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Wavefront sensing; Zernike phase contrast; WFIRST; LOWFS AB ZWFS is known to be photon noise optimal for measuring low order aberrations. Recently, ZWFS was selected as the baseline LOWFS technology on WFIRST for its sensitivity, accuracy, and its ease of integration with the starlight rejection mask. In this paper, we present the development of ZWFS sensor, including the algorithm description, sensitivity analysis, and some early experimental model validation results from a fabricated ZWFS phase mask on a stand-alone LOWFS testbed. C1 [Wang, Xu; Shi, Fang; Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xu.wang@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990463 DI 10.1117/12.2231252 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100172 ER PT S AU Wells, C Hadaway, JB Olczak, G Cosentino, J Johnston, JD Whitman, T Connolly, M Chaney, D Knight, JS Telfer, R AF Wells, Conrad Hadaway, James B. Olczak, Gene Cosentino, Joseph Johnston, John D. Whitman, Tony Connolly, Mark Chaney, David Knight, J. Scott Telfer, Randal BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Characterization of the JWST Pathfinder mirror dynamics using the center of curvature optical assembly (CoCOA) SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE James Webb Space Telescope; Optical Telescope Element and Integrated Science Instrument Module (OTIS); optical alignment; photogrammetry; interferometer; multi-wavelength AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope Element (OTE) consists of a 6.6 m clear aperture, 18 segment primary mirror, all-reflective, three-mirror anastigmat operating at cryogenic temperatures. To verify performance of the primary mirror, a full aperture center of curvature optical null test is performed under cryogenic conditions in Chamber A at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center (JSC) using an instantaneous phase measuring interferometer(1,2,3). After phasing the mirrors during the JWST Pathfinder testing, the interferometer is utilized to characterize the mirror relative piston and tilt dynamics under different facility configurations. The correlation between the motions seen on detectors at the focal plane and the interferometer validates the use of the interferometer for dynamic investigations. The success of planned test hardware improvements will be characterized by the multi-wavelength interferometer (MWIF) at the Center of Curvature Optical Assembly (CoCOA). C1 [Wells, Conrad; Olczak, Gene; Cosentino, Joseph; Whitman, Tony; Connolly, Mark] Harris Corp, 800 Lee Rd, Rochester, NY 14606 USA. [Hadaway, James B.] Univ Alabama, 301 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Chaney, David; Knight, J. Scott] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, 1600 Commerce St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Telfer, Randal] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Johnston, John D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wells, C (reprint author), Harris Corp, 800 Lee Rd, Rochester, NY 14606 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990440 DI 10.1117/12.2234224 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100115 ER PT S AU Ygouf, M Zimmerman, NT Pueyo, L Soummer, R Perrin, MD Mennesson, BE Krist, JE Vasisht, G Nemati, B Macintosh, BA AF Ygouf, Marie Zimmerman, Neil T. Pueyo, Laurent Soummer, Remi Perrin, Marshall D. Mennesson, Bertrand E. Krist, John E. Vasisht, Gautam Nemati, Bijan Macintosh, Bruce A. BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Data Processing and Algorithm Development for the WFIRST Coronagraph: Comparison of RDI and ADI Strategies and Impact of Spatial Sampling on Post-Processing SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Direct imaging of exoplanets; High contrast imaging; WFIRST; Post-Processing; Coronagraphic PSF subtraction; Detection; Characterization; Instrumentation AB Direct detection and characterization of mature giant or sub-Neptune exoplanets in the visible will require space based instruments optimized for high-contrast imaging with contrasts of 10-9. In this context, the coronagraph instrument (CGI) on the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) will reach raw contrasts of about 10-8 or better using state-of-the-art starlight suppression and wavefront control techniques. A ten-fold contrast improvement is therefore required using post-processing techniques in order to detect 10-9 planets from speckles. Post-processing techniques that are successful on both ground-based and space-based instruments need to be validated at such high contrast levels. In this communication, we investigate speckle subtraction techniques for different observation strategies and hardware parameters on WFIRST-like simulated images in the presence of deformable mirrors and an hybrid lyot coronagraph (HLC). We compare the contrast gain after post-processing in both speckle-noise and photon-noise dominated regimes for two different observing scenarios: the reference star differential imaging (RDI) and the angular differential imaging (ADI). We find that the ADI observing strategy is more robust to speckle and photon noises than the RDI observing strategy, enabling up to a threefold gain with respect to the latter. Thus, we recommend that the telescope be able to roll by at least 13 off nominal. We investigated the impact of spatial sampling on post-processed sensitivity, in the context of design trade studies for the Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) component of the instrument. Our preliminary results suggest that the spatial sampling can be halved from the baseline sampling rate (4 lenslets per A/D) without any degradation in final contrast, thereby reducing the integration time required for spectroscopic characterization. In the speckle-noise dominated regime, we also find that at Nyquist sampling or higher, sub-pixel reference to -target offsets have a negligible impact on the level of residual speckles after post-processing. C1 [Ygouf, Marie; Zimmerman, Neil T.; Pueyo, Laurent; Soummer, Remi; Perrin, Marshall D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Mennesson, Bertrand E.; Krist, John E.; Vasisht, Gautam; Nemati, Bijan] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ygouf, M (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mygouf@stsci.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100160 ER PT S AU Zhou, HY Nemati, B Krist, J Cady, E Prada, CM Kern, B Poberezhskiy, I AF Zhou, Hanying Nemati, Bijan Krist, John Cady, Eric Prada, Camilo Mejia Kern, Brian Poberezhskiy, Ilya BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Closing the Contrast Gap between Testbed and Model Prediction with WFIRST-CGI Shaped Pupil Coronagraph SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Model validation; high contrast coronagraph; shaped pupil coronagraph; EFC; wavefront sensing and control; Jacobian matrix; diffraction modeling; WFIRST-CGI; space telescopes AB JPL has recently passed an important milestone in its technology development for a proposed NASA WFIRST mission coronagraph: demonstration of better than 1x10(-8) contrast over broad bandwidth (10%) on both shaped pupil coronagraph (SPC) and hybrid Lyot coronagraph (HLC) testbeds with the WFIRST obscuration pattern. Challenges remain, however, in the technology readiness for the proposed mission. One is the discrepancies between the achieved contrasts on the testbeds and their corresponding model predictions. A series of testbed diagnoses and modeling activities were planned and carried out on the SPC testbed in order to close the gap. A very useful tool we developed was a derived "measured" testbed wavefront control Jacobian matrix that could be compared with the model-predicted "control" version that was used to generate the high contrast dark hole region in the image plane. The difference between these two is an estimate of the error in the control Jacobian. When the control matrix, which includes both amplitude and phase, was modified to reproduce the error, the simulated performance closely matched the SPC testbed behavior in both contrast floor and contrast convergence speed. This is a step closer toward model validation for high contrast coronagraphs. Further Jacobian analysis and modeling provided clues to the possible sources for the mismatch: DM misregistration and testbed optical wavefront error (WFE) and the deformable mirror (DM) setting for correcting this WFE. These analyses suggested that a high contrast coronagraph has a tight tolerance in the accuracy of its control Jacobian. Modifications to both testbed control model as well as prediction model are being implemented, and future works are discussed. C1 [Zhou, Hanying; Nemati, Bijan; Krist, John; Cady, Eric; Prada, Camilo Mejia; Kern, Brian; Poberezhskiy, Ilya] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zhou, HY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM hanying.zhou@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 990419 DI 10.1117/12.2232211 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100036 ER PT S AU Zimmerman, NT N'Diaye, M St Laurent, KE Soummer, R Pueyo, L Stark, CC Sivaramakrishnan, A Perrin, M Vanderbei, RJ Kasdin, NJ Shaklan, S Carlotti, A AF Zimmerman, Neil T. N'Diaye, Mamadou St Laurent, Kathryn E. Soummer, Remi Pueyo, Laurent Stark, Christopher C. Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Perrin, Marshall Vanderbei, Robert J. Kasdin, N. Jeremy Shaklan, Stuart Carlotti, Alexis BE MacEwen, HA Fazio, GG Lystrup, M TI Lyot coronagraph design study for large, segmented space telescope apertures SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2016: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE coronagraph; segmented mirror; space telescope; high-contrast imaging; exoplanet; LUVOIR ID GEMINI PLANET IMAGER; APODIZED-PUPIL; APODIZATIONS AB Recent efforts combining the optimization techniques of apodized pupil Lyot coronagraphs (APLC) and shaped pupils have demonstrated the viability of a binary-transmission mask architecture for extremely high contrast (10(-10)) exoplanet imaging. We are now building on those innovations to carry out a survey of Lyot coronagraph performance for large, segmented telescope apertures. These apertures are of the same kind under consideration for NASA's Large UV/Optical/IR (LUVOIR) observatory concept. To map the multi-dimensional design parameter space, we have developed a software toolkit to manage large sets of mask optimization programs and execute them on a computing cluster. Here we summarize a preliminary survey of 500 APLC solutions for 4 reference hexagonal telescope apertures. Several promising designs produce annular, 10(-10) contrast dark zones down to inner working angle 4 lambda(0)/D over a 15% bandpass, while delivering a half-max PSF core throughput of 18%. We also report our progress on devising solutions to the challenges of Lyot stop alignment/fabrication tolerance that arise in this contrast regime. C1 [Zimmerman, Neil T.; N'Diaye, Mamadou; St Laurent, Kathryn E.; Soummer, Remi; Pueyo, Laurent; Stark, Christopher C.; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Perrin, Marshall] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Vanderbei, Robert J.; Kasdin, N. Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shaklan, Stuart] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Carlotti, Alexis] Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, Grenoble, France. RP Zimmerman, NT (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ntz@stsci.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0187-1; 978-1-5106-0188-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9904 AR UNSP 99041Y DI 10.1117/12.2233205 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BF9PT UT WOS:000385794100058 ER PT S AU Starek, JA Acikmese, B Nesnas, IA Pavone, M AF Starek, Joseph A. Acikmese, Behcet Nesnas, Issa A. Pavone, Marco BE Feron, E TI Spacecraft Autonomy Challenges for Next-Generation Space Missions SO ADVANCES IN CONTROL SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advances in Control System Technology for Aerospace Applications CY JUN 11-12, 2012 CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA SP Sch Aerosp Engn, Decis & Control Lab HO Georgia Inst Technol ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; CONVEX-OPTIMIZATION; TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION; DESCENT GUIDANCE; POWERED-DESCENT; URBAN CHALLENGE; SYSTEMS; HAYABUSA; COORDINATION; OPERATIONS C1 [Starek, Joseph A.; Pavone, Marco] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Acikmese, Behcet] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Nesnas, Issa A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Pavone, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM jstarek@stanford.edu; behcet@austin.utexas.edu; nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov; pavone@stanford.edu NR 136 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-662-47694-9; 978-3-662-47693-2 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2016 VL 460 BP 1 EP 48 DI 10.1007/978-3-662-47694-9_1 PG 48 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF8WJ UT WOS:000385237300001 ER PT S AU Hadaegh, FY Johnson, AE Bayard, DS Acikmese, B Chung, SJ Mehra, RK AF Hadaegh, Fred Y. Johnson, Andrew E. Bayard, David S. Acikmese, Behcet Chung, Soon-Jo Mehra, Raman K. BE Feron, E TI New Guidance, Navigation, and Control Technologies for Formation Flying Spacecraft and Planetary Landing SO ADVANCES IN CONTROL SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advances in Control System Technology for Aerospace Applications CY JUN 11-12, 2012 CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA SP Sch Aerosp Engn, Decis & Control Lab HO Georgia Inst Technol ID LAGRANGIAN SYSTEMS; SYNCHRONIZATION C1 [Hadaegh, Fred Y.; Johnson, Andrew E.; Bayard, David S.; Acikmese, Behcet] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chung, Soon-Jo] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [Mehra, Raman K.] Sci Syst Co Inc, Woburn, MA USA. RP Hadaegh, FY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM fred.y.hadaegh@jpl.nasa.gov; aej@jpl.nasa.gov; david.s.bayard@jpl.nasa.gov; behcet@austin.utexas.edu; sjchung@illinois.edu; rkm@ssci.com OI Chung, Soon-Jo/0000-0002-6657-3907 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-662-47694-9; 978-3-662-47693-2 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2016 VL 460 BP 49 EP 80 DI 10.1007/978-3-662-47694-9_2 PG 32 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF8WJ UT WOS:000385237300002 ER PT J AU Earl, L Gardner, A AF Earl, Lucas Gardner, Alex TI A satellite-derived glacier inventory for North Asia SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Glaciology in High Mountain Asia (HMA) CY MAR, 2015 CL Kathmandu, NEPAL DE climate change; glacier delineation; glacier mapping; mountain glaciers; remote sensing ID GEODETIC MASS-BALANCE; KODAR MOUNTAINS; EASTERN SIBERIA; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; LANDSAT TM; ASTER DATA; IMAGE DATA; ICEFIELD; ACCURACY; CANADA AB This study outlines a consistent methodology for identifying glacier surfaces from Landsat 5, 7 and 8 imagery that is applied to map all mainland North Asian glaciers, providing the first methodologically consistent and complete glacier inventory for the region. 2010. We identify 5065 glaciers covering a planimetric area of 2326 +/- 186 km(2), most of which is located in the Altai mountain subregion. The total glacier count is 15% higher, but the total glacier area is 32 +/- 11.6% lower, than the estimated glacier coverage provided in version 4.0 of the Randolph Glacier Inventory. We investigate the distribution of glacier size within North Asia and find that the majority of glaciers (82%) are smaller than 0.5km(2) but only account for a third of the total glacier area, with the largest 1% (60 glaciers >= 5km(2)) accounting for 28% of the total area. We present hypsometric characterizations of North Asian glaciers, largely substantiating existing findings that glaciers in this region are dominated by cold, relatively dry conditions. We provide a detailed assessment of errors and determine the uncertainty in our area estimate to be +/- 8.0%, with snow-cover uncertainty the largest contributing factor. Based on this assessment, the new glacier inventory presented here is more complete and of higher quality than other currently available data sources. C1 [Earl, Lucas] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Gardner, Alex] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gardner, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM alex.s.gardner@jpl.nasa.gov OI Gardner, Alex/0000-0002-8394-8889 NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2016 VL 57 IS 71 BP 50 EP 60 DI 10.3189/2016AoG71A008 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DY1YY UT WOS:000384891500007 ER PT S AU Mareboyana, M Le Moigne, J Bennett, J AF Mareboyana, Manohar Le Moigne, Jacqueline Bennett, Jerome BE Mahalanobis, A Kubala, KS Ashok, A Petruccelli, JC Tian, L TI High Resolution Image Reconstruction from Projection of Low Resolution images differing in Subpixel shifts SO COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Imaging CY APR 17-18, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Super Resolution; High spatial resolution; Remote sensing Data AB In this paper, we demonstrate simple algorithms that project low resolution (LR) images differing in subpixel shifts on a high resolution (HR) also called super resolution (SR) grid. The algorithms are very effective in accuracy as well as time efficiency. A number of spatial interpolation techniques using nearest neighbor, inverse-distance weighted averages, Radial Basis Functions (RBF) etc. are used in projection. For best accuracy of reconstructing SR image by a factor of two requires four LR images differing in four independent subpixel shifts. The algorithm has two steps: i) registration of low resolution images and (ii) shifting the low resolution images to align with reference image and projecting them on high resolution grid based on the shifts of each low resolution image using different interpolation techniques. Experiments are conducted by simulating low resolution images by subpixel shifts and subsampling of original high resolution image and the reconstructing the high resolution images from the simulated low resolution images. The results of accuracy of reconstruction are compared by using mean squared error measure between original high resolution image and reconstructed image. The algorithm was tested on remote sensing images and found to outperform previously proposed techniques such as Iterative Back Projection algorithm (IBP), Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithms. The algorithms are robust and are not overly sensitive to the registration inaccuracies. C1 [Mareboyana, Manohar] Bowie State Univ, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Le Moigne, Jacqueline; Bennett, Jerome] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Mareboyana, M (reprint author), Bowie State Univ, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. EM mmareboyana@bowiestate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0111-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9870 AR UNSP 98700F DI 10.1117/12.2223936 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BF8EH UT WOS:000384770300010 ER PT B AU Ohji, T Singh, M AF Ohji, Tatsuki Singh, Mrityunjay BE Ohji, T Singh, M TI ENGINEERED CERAMICS Current Status and Future Prospects PREFACE SO ENGINEERED CERAMICS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Ohji, Tatsuki] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Singh, Mrityunjay] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Ohji, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-119-10041-6; 978-1-119-10040-9 PY 2016 BP IX EP XI D2 10.1002/9781119100430 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BF7FF UT WOS:000384001300001 ER PT B AU Zhu, DM AF Zhu, Dongming BE Ohji, T Singh, M TI ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIER COATINGS FOR SiC/SiC CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE TURBINE COMPONENTS SO ENGINEERED CERAMICS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE environmental barrier coatings; ceramic matrix composites; silicates; hafnia; oxidation resistance; creep rupture; thermomechanical fatigue; turbine components AB Advanced environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are being developed for next-generation gas turbine engines to protect engine hot-section SiC-based lightweight components in the harsh operating combustion environments and extend component lifetimes. The EBC technology development and evolutions have followed a path emphasizing significantly improved temperature capability, enhanced long-term thermal stability and durability, as well as higher toughness to enable prime-reliant coating designs for future low-emission and high-performance propulsion engine systems. In this chapter, EBC designs, composition selections, and simulated engine environment and thermomechanical testing approaches are described for turbine engine high-temperature and high-heat-flux applications. The NASA 1650 degrees C (3000 degrees F) hybrid EBC, 1482 degrees C (2700 degrees F) EBC bond coat systems, and advanced turbine airfoil EBC technologies are particularly highlighted. The recent EBC advances in the NASA EBC system developments and component testing have shown promise in enabling the next-generation high-performance engines. The performance of advanced NASA EBCs for turbine engine SiC/SiC CMC airfoils and combustors have also been highlighted from recent NASA development demonstration programs. C1 [Zhu, Dongming] NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr, Mat & Struct Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Zhu, DM (reprint author), NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr, Mat & Struct Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-119-10041-6; 978-1-119-10040-9 PY 2016 BP 187 EP 202 D2 10.1002/9781119100430 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BF7FF UT WOS:000384001300011 ER PT B AU Johnson, SM AF Johnson, Sylvia M. BE Ohji, T Singh, M TI THERMAL PROTECTION MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW SO ENGINEERED CERAMICS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Ablative TPS; reusable TPS; entry heating; characterization ID AB-INITIO COMPUTATIONS; REAXFF; DFTB; ZRB2 AB Thermal protection materials and systems protect spacecraft from the heating experienced on entry into an atmosphere. This chapter discusses the sources of heating on entry, the phenomena that occur within or at the surface of materials to deal with that energy, and then the types of materials that have been used and are in development. Examples of specific materials and applications are also given. C1 [Johnson, Sylvia M.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Johnson, SM (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-119-10041-6; 978-1-119-10040-9 PY 2016 BP 224 EP 243 D2 10.1002/9781119100430 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BF7FF UT WOS:000384001300013 ER PT B AU Singh, M Asthana, R Lin, KL AF Singh, Mrityunjay Asthana, Rajiv Lin, Kun-Lin BE Ohji, T Singh, M TI INTEGRATION CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS SO ENGINEERED CERAMICS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE integration; joining; ceramics; composites; fuel cells; thermal management; graphite foams ID FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; METALLIC-GLASS INTERLAYERS; CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA YSZ; CU-CLAD-MOLYBDENUM; STAINLESS-STEEL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SILICON-NITRIDE; BRAZED JOINTS; AG AB Implementation of advanced ceramics in a wide array of components and systems for energy production, distribution, storage, and conversion is projected to dramatically increase in coming years. Robust and affordable integration technologies are critically needed for achieving these objectives in a timely manner. In this chapter, recent research on joining and integration of ceramics and ceramic-based materials for energy applications in fuel cells, energy storage systems, thermal management (cooling and insulation), propulsion systems (gas turbines), and ultra-high-temperature systems is presented. The focus is on active metal brazing of yttria-stabilized zirconia, porous carbon, SiC, Si3N4, ZrB2, and composites (C/C, SiC/SiC, and C/SiC). Developments in solid-state diffusion bonding of SiC ceramics are also briefly discussed. Microstructural (optical, scanning electron microscopy, TEM), chemical (energy dispersive spectroscopy), interfacial, and mechanical (microhardness and shear strength) behaviors are discussed together with the thermal behavior of select bonded ceramics. Research imperatives for joining of ceramics for energy-related applications are identified. C1 [Singh, Mrityunjay] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Asthana, Rajiv] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Menomonie, WI USA. [Lin, Kun-Lin] Natl Nano Device Labs, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Singh, M (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-119-10041-6; 978-1-119-10040-9 PY 2016 BP 291 EP 329 D2 10.1002/9781119100430 PG 39 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BF7FF UT WOS:000384001300017 ER PT B AU Halbig, MC Singh, M AF Halbig, Michael C. Singh, Mrityunjay BE Ohji, T Singh, M TI JOINING AND INTEGRATION OF SILICON CARBIDE-BASED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS SO ENGINEERED CERAMICS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE ceramic matrix composites; silicon carbide; joining; bonding; integration; turbine engine applications ID THERMAL-EXPANSION ANISOTROPY; SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; GAS-PERMEABILITY; FUSION-REACTOR; DEGREES-C; FABRICATION; JOINTS; COMPONENTS; DESIGN AB As ceramic materials continue to become more widely utilized, and as the technology readiness of fiber-reinforced SiC-based composite materials continues to increase because of advancements in their properties, new joining and integration technologies with increased capabilities will be critically needed. Although manufacturability and strength capabilities of these materials are improved, there remain limitations in the sizes and shapes that can be fabricated. Advanced joining technologies are enabling for the fabrication of large and complex shaped silicon carbide-based ceramic and ceramic matrix composite components to be utilized in high-temperature extreme environment applications. Details of five different joining methods are discussed along with each one's benefits and shortcomings. New strategies are presented for improving the high-temperature stability, strength, and ease of manufacturing. The joining methods were characterized to provide an understanding of the processing-microstructure-property relations. Microstructural analysis of the joining interface was conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopes to evaluate bond quality and identify phases. Results are also discussed of various mechanical test methods that were used to characterize the joints. C1 [Halbig, Michael C.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Singh, Mrityunjay] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Halbig, MC (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-119-10041-6; 978-1-119-10040-9 PY 2016 BP 352 EP 380 D2 10.1002/9781119100430 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BF7FF UT WOS:000384001300019 ER PT B AU Slaboch, PE Stephens, DB Van Zante, DE AF Slaboch, Paul E. Stephens, David B. Van Zante, Dale E. GP ASME TI EFFECT OF AFT ROTOR ON THE INTER-ROTOR FLOW OF AN OPEN ROTOR PROPULSION SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 13-17, 2016 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The effects of the aft rotor on the inter-rotor flow field of an open rotor propulsion rig were examined. A Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) dataset that was acquired phase locked to the front rotor position has been phase averaged based on the relative phase angle between the forward and aft rotors. The aft rotor phase was determined by feature tracking in raw PIV images through an image processing algorithm. The effects of the aft rotor potential field on the inter-rotor flow were analyzed and shown to be in reasonably good agreement with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The aft rotor position was shown to have a significant upstream effect, with implications for front rotor interaction noise. It was found that the aft rotor had no substantial effect on the position of the forward rotor tip vortex but did have a small effect on the circulation strength of the vortex when the rotors were highly loaded. C1 [Slaboch, Paul E.] St Martins Univ, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Stephens, David B.; Van Zante, Dale E.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Slaboch, PE (reprint author), St Martins Univ, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4968-2 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T01A012 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF8EI UT WOS:000384850000012 ER PT B AU Hah, C AF Hah, Chunill GP ASME TI EFFECTS OF DOUBLE-LEAKAGE TIP CLEARANCE FLOW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A COMPRESSOR STAGE WITH A LARGE ROTOR TIP GAP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 13-17, 2016 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Effects of a large rotor tip gap on the performance of a one and half stage axial compressor are investigated in detail with a numerical simulation based on LES and available pry data. The current paper studies the main flow physics, including why and how the loss generation is increased with the large rotor tip gap. The present study reveals that when the tip gap becomes large, tip clearance fluid goes over the tip clearance core vortex and enters into the next blade's tip gap, which is called double-leakage tip clearance flow. As the tip clearance flow enters into the adjacent blade's tip gap, a vortex rope with a lower pressure core is generated. This vortex rope breaks up the tip clearance core vortex of the adjacent blade, resulting in a large additional mixing. This double-leakage tip clearance flow occurs at all operating conditions, from design flow to near stall condition, with the large tip gap for the current compressor stage. The double-leakage tip clearance flow, its interaction with the tip clearance core vortex of the adjacent blade, and the resulting large mixing loss are the main flow mechanism of the large rotor tip gap in the compressor. When the tip clearance is smaller, flow near the end wall follows more closely with the main passage flow and this double-leakage tip clearance flow-does not happen near the design flow condition for the current compressor stage. When the compressor with a large tip gap operates at near stall operation, a strong vortex rope is generated near the leading edge due to the double-leakage flow. Part of this vortex separates from the path of the tip clearance core vortex and travels from the suction side of the blade toward the pressure side of the blade. This vortex is generated periodically at near stall operation with a large tip gap. As the vortex travels from the suction side to the pressure side of the blade, a large fluctuation of local pressure forces blade vibration. Non synchronous blade vibration occurs due to this. vortex as the frequency of this vortex generation is not the same as the rotor. The present investigation confirms that this vortex is a part of separated tip clearance vortex, which is caused by the double-leakage tip clearance flow. C1 [Hah, Chunill] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 5-10, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Hah, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 5-10, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4969-9 PY 2016 AR UNSP V02AT37A005 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF8EK UT WOS:000384850200005 ER PT S AU Pal, S Clark, SJ Coleman, M Gluyas, JG Kudryavtsev, VA Klinger, J Paling, SM Spooner, NJC Telfer, S Thompson, LF Woodward, D AF Pal, S. Clark, S. J. Coleman, M. Gluyas, J. G. Kudryavtsev, V. A. Klinger, J. Paling, S. M. Spooner, N. J. C. Telfer, S. Thompson, L. F. Woodward, D. BE Bhuyan, B TI Muon Tomography for Carbon Storage and Monitoring SO XXI DAE-BRNS HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics (HEP) Symposium CY DEC 08-12, 2014 CL Indian Inst Technol Guwahati, Guwahati, INDIA SP European Phys Journal, Govt India, Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci HO Indian Inst Technol Guwahati ID MUSIC AB Levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide could be reduced through CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies. Careful characterisation and management of storage sites will prevent leakages, but monitoring is required to track the migration of CO2 during the injection, emplacement and storage phases. In this paper, we present muon tomography which could provide continuous subsurface CO2 monitoring system at relatively low cost. C1 [Pal, S.; Kudryavtsev, V. A.; Klinger, J.; Spooner, N. J. C.; Telfer, S.; Thompson, L. F.; Woodward, D.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Clark, S. J.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Coleman, M.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gluyas, J. G.] Univ Durham, Durham Energy Inst, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Paling, S. M.] STFC Boulby Underground Sci Facil, Cleveland TS13 4UZ, England. RP Pal, S (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. EM sumanta.pal@sheffield.ac.uk NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-319-25619-1; 978-3-319-25617-7 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2016 VL 174 BP 479 EP 485 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-25619-1_73 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BF6JH UT WOS:000383201700073 ER PT S AU Smith, AP Munoz, CA Narkawicz, AJ Markevicius, M AF Smith, Andrew P. Munoz, Cesar A. Narkawicz, Anthony J. Markevicius, Mantas BE Kovacs, L Negru, V Ida, T Jebelean, T Petcu, D Watt, S Zaharie, D TI A Rigorous Generic Branch and Bound Solver for Nonlinear Problems SO 2015 17TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SYMBOLIC AND NUMERIC ALGORITHMS FOR SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (SYNASC) SE International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC) CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Timisoara, ROMANIA SP Univ Vest Timisoara, IEEE Comp Soc DE branch and bound; nonlinear problems; formal verification; interval arithmetic; software tool ID GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; POLYNOMIALS; ALGORITHM AB Recursive branch and bound algorithms are often used, either rigorously or non-rigorously, to refine and isolate solutions to global optimization problems or systems of equations and inequalities involving nonlinear functions. The presented software library, Kodiak, integrates numeric and symbolic computation into a generic framework for the solution of such problems over hyper-rectangular variable and parameter domains. The correctness of both the generic branch and bound algorithm and the self-validating enclosure methods used, namely interval arithmetic and, for polynomials and rational functions, Bernstein expansion, has been formally verified. The algorithm has three main instantiations, for systems of equations and inequalities, for constrained global optimization, and for the computation of equilibria and bifurcation sets for systems of ordinary differential equations. For the latter category, and to enable the computation of bisection heuristics to reduce the branching factor, advantage is taken of the partial derivatives of the constraint functions, which are symbolically manipulated. Pavings (unions of box subsets) for a continuum of solutions to underdetermined systems may also be produced. The capabilities of the software tool are outlined, and computational examples are presented. C1 [Smith, Andrew P.] NIA, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Munoz, Cesar A.; Narkawicz, Anthony J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Markevicius, Mantas] Univ York, York, N Yorkshire, England. RP Smith, AP (reprint author), NIA, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM andrew.smith@nianet.org; cesar.a.munoz@nasa.gov; anthony.narkawicz@nasa.gov; mm1080@york.ac.uk NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2470-8801 BN 978-1-5090-0461-4 J9 INT SYMP SYMB NUMERI PY 2016 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1109/SYNASC.2015.20 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF7ZG UT WOS:000384643800013 ER PT S AU Fahey, ME Li, SX Yu, AW Getty, S Grubisic, A Brinckerhoff, W AF Fahey, Molly E. Li, Steven X. Yu, Anthony W. Getty, Stephanie Grubisic, Andrej Brinckerhoff, William BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Advanced Laser Architecture for the Two-Step Laser Tandem Mass Spectrometer SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security XII CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Mass Spectrometer; Space Laser; Nonlinear Optics; Optical Parametric Oscillator AB Future astrobiology missions will focus on planets with significant astrochemical or potential astrobiological features, such as small, primitive bodies and the icy moons of the outer planets that may host diverse organic compounds. We have made significant progress in the laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry area with advancement in the two-step laser tandem mass spectrometer (L2MS) instrument to deconvolve complex organic signatures. In this paper we will describe our development effort on a new laser architecture for the L2MS instrument. The laser provides two discrete mid-infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths on a single laser bench with a straightforward path toward space deployment. C1 [Fahey, Molly E.; Li, Steven X.; Yu, Anthony W.; Getty, Stephanie; Brinckerhoff, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Grubisic, Andrej] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0075-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9834 AR UNSP 983409 DI 10.1117/12.2227141 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF8EG UT WOS:000384769800004 ER PT S AU Konoplev, OA Chiragh, FL Vasilyev, AA Edwards, R Stephen, MA Troupaki, E Yu, AW Krainak, MA Sawruk, N Hovis, F Culpepper, CF Strickler, K AF Konoplev, Oleg A. Chiragh, Furcian L. Vasilyev, Aleksey A. Edwards, Ryan Stephen, Mark A. Troupaki, Elisavet Yu, Anthony W. Krainak, Michael A. Sawruk, Nick Hovis, Floyd Culpepper, Charles F. Strickler, Kathy BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Three-year aging of prototype flight laser at 10 kHz and 1 ns pulses with external frequency doubler for ICESat-2 Mission SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security XII CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Lidar; Frequency Doubling; Laser Contamination; Laser Reliability; ICESat-2 AB We present the results of a three-year operational-aging test of a specially designed prototype flight laser operating at 1064 nm, 10 kHz, 1ns, 15W average power and externally frequency-doubled. Fibertek designed and built the q-switched, 1064nm laser and this laser was in a sealed container of dry air pressurized to 1.3 atm. The external frequency doubler was in a clean room at a normal air pressure. The goal of the experiment was to measure degradation modes at 1064 and 532 nm separately. The external frequency doubler consisted of a Lithium triborate, LiB3O5, non-critically phase-matched crystal. After some 1064 nm light was diverted for diagnostics, 13.7W of fundamental power was available to pump the doubling crystal. Between 8.5W and 10W of 532nm power was generated, depending on the level of stress and degradation. The test consisted of two stages, the first at 0.3 J/cm(2) for almost 1 year, corresponding to expected operational conditions, and the second at 0.93 J/cm(2) for the remainder of the experiment, corresponding to accelerated optical stress testing. We observed no degradation at the first stress-level and linear degradation at the second stress-level. The linear degradation was linked to doubler crystal output surface changes from laser-assisted contamination. We estimate the expected lifetime for the flight laser at 532 nm using fluence as the stress parameter. This work was done for NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) LIDAR at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD with the goal of 1 trillion shots lifetime. C1 [Konoplev, Oleg A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Chiragh, Furcian L.] Pinnacle Engn & Management Solut, 11779 Somerset Ave, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Vasilyev, Aleksey A.] Trident Vantage Syst LLC, Arlington, VA USA. [Stephen, Mark A.; Troupaki, Elisavet; Yu, Anthony W.; Krainak, Michael A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electroopt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Edwards, Ryan; Sawruk, Nick; Hovis, Floyd; Culpepper, Charles F.] Fibertek Inc, 13065 Dulles Technol Dr, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Strickler, Kathy] ASRC Fed Space & Def, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr,Suite 100, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Konoplev, OA (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM oleg.a.konoplev@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0075-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9834 AR UNSP 98340A DI 10.1117/12.2225985 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF8EG UT WOS:000384769800005 ER PT S AU Yu, AW Krainak, MA Janches, D Konoplev, O AF Yu, Anthony W. Krainak, Michael A. Janches, Diego Konoplev, Oleg BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Laser transmitter for space-based sodium lidar instrument SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security XII CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Sodium lidar; Nd:YVO4 laser; space-based science instruments AB We are currently developing a laser transmitter to remotely measure Sodium (Na) by adapting existing lidar technology with space flight heritage. The developed instrumentation will serve as the core for the planning of a Heliophysics mission targeted to study the composition and dynamics of Earth's mesosphere based on a spaceborne lidar that will measure the mesospheric Na layer. We present performance results from our laser transmitter development effort with emphasis on wavelength tuning and power scaling of a diode-pumped Q-switched self-Raman c-cut Nd:YVO4 laser with intra-cavity frequency doubling that could produce multi-watt 589 nm wavelength output. We will review technologies that provide strong leverage for the sodium lidar laser system with strong heritage from past and current space flight missions. C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Krainak, Michael A.; Janches, Diego] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Konoplev, Oleg] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov RI Janches, Diego/D-4674-2012 OI Janches, Diego/0000-0001-8615-5166 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0075-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9834 AR UNSP 98340N DI 10.1117/12.2225990 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF8EG UT WOS:000384769800014 ER PT S AU Trahan, R Nemati, B Zhou, H Shao, M Hahn, I Schulze, W AF Trahan, R. Nemati, B. Zhou, H. Shao, M. Hahn, I. Schulze, W. BE Kelmelis, EJ TI Low-CNR inverse synthetic aperture LADAR imaging demonstration with atmospheric turbulence SO LONG-RANGE IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Long-Range Imaging CY APR 19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Inverse Synthetic Aperture LADAR; ISAL; Long-range imaging; Phase Gradient Autofocus; PGA; Range-Doppler imaging; Carrier-to-noise ratio; CNR ID HETERODYNE-DETECTION; PHASE; ASTEROIDS AB An Inverse Synthetic Aperture LADAR (ISAL) system is capable of providing high resolution surface mapping of near Earth objects which is an ability that has gained significant interest for both exploration and hazard assessment. The use of an ISAL system over these long distances often presents the need to operate the optical system in photon-starved conditions. This leads to a necessity to understand the implications of photon and detector noise in the system. Here a Carrier-to-Noise Ratio is derived which is similar to other optical imaging CNR definitions. The CNR value is compared to the quality of experimentally captured images recovered using the Phase Gradient Autofocus technique both with and without the presence of atmospheric turbulence. A minimum return signal CNR for the PGA to work is observed. C1 [Trahan, R.; Nemati, B.; Zhou, H.; Shao, M.; Hahn, I.; Schulze, W.] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Trahan, R (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Russell.Trahan@jpl.nasa.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0087-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9846 AR UNSP 98460E DI 10.1117/12.2224322 PG 13 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF8EF UT WOS:000384769000010 ER PT S AU Zhou, HY Nemati, B Shao, MK Zhai, CX Hahn, I Schulze, W Trahan, R AF Zhou, Hanying Nemati, Bijan Shao, Mike Zhai, Chengxing Hahn, Inseob Schulze, William Trahan, Russell BE Kelmelis, EJ TI Low-cost Chirp Linearization for Long Range ISAL Imaging Application SO LONG-RANGE IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Long-Range Imaging CY APR 19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Chirp linearization; inverse synthetic aperture LADAR (ISAL); long-range imaging; PZT waveform modification; chirp resampling; air turbulence phase piston on chirp length; chirp impulse response; frequency monitor ID DOMAIN AB High quality linear laser frequency chirp of high chirp rate is critical to many laser ranging applications. In this paper, we describe a cost-effective chirp linearization approach implemented on our Inverse synthetic Aperture LADAR (ISAL) imaging testbed. Our approach uses a COTS PZT for external cavity laser frequency tuning and a common self-heterodyne fiber interferometer as a frequency monitor, with a two-step hardware and software chirp linearization procedure to achieve high quality chirp. First, the nominal triangle waveform input to PZT drive is modified through an iterative process prior to ISAL imaging acquisition. Several waveforms with chirp rates between 1 and 4THz/s have been acquired with residual chirp rate error similar to +/-2% in usable region. This process generally needs to be done only once for a typical PZT that has excellent repeatability but poor linearity. The modified waveform is then used during ISAL imaging acquisition without active control while the imperfection in transmitted frequency is monitored. The received imaging data is resampled digitally based on frequency error calculated from the frequency monitor data, effectively reduce chirp nonlinearity to similar to+/-0.2% in chirp rate error. The measured system impulse response from return signal shows near designed range resolution of a few mm, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach. C1 [Zhou, Hanying; Nemati, Bijan; Shao, Mike; Zhai, Chengxing; Hahn, Inseob; Schulze, William; Trahan, Russell] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zhou, HY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM hanying.zhou@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0087-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9846 AR UNSP 98460D DI 10.1117/12.2224122 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF8EF UT WOS:000384769000009 ER PT J AU Alston, RJ Sokolik, IN AF Alston, Rica J. Sokolik, Irina N. TI A First-Order Assessment of Direct Aerosol Radiative Effect in the Southeastern U.S. Using Over a Decade Long Multisatellite Data Record SO AIR SOIL AND WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aerosols; aerosol direct radiative effect; MODIS; MISR; climate ID SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PAST DECADE; MODIS; PRODUCTS; LAND; REFLECTANCE; VARIABILITY AB Aerosols comprise a critical portion of the Earth's climate due to their radiative properties. More emphasis is now being placed upon understanding radiative effects of aerosols on a regional scale. The primary goal of this research is to estimate the aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) and examine its dynamical nature in the Southeastern U.S. based on satellite data obtained from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) instruments onboard the Terra satellite from 2000 to 2011. This 12-year analysis utilizes satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD), surface albedo, cloud fraction, and single-scattering albedo over the Southeastern U.S. as inputs to a first-order approximation of regional top of the atmosphere DRE. Results indicate that AOD is the primary driver of DRE estimates, with surface albedo and single-scattering albedo having some appreciable effects as well. During the cooler months, the minima (less negative) of DRE vary between -6 and -3 W/m(2), and during the warmer months, there is more variation with DRE maxima varying between -24 and -12.6 W/m(2) for MODIS and -22.5 and -11 W/m(2) for MISR. Yet if we take an average of the monthly DRE over time (12 years), we estimate Delta F = -7.57 W/m(2) for MODIS and Delta F = -5.72 W/m(2) for MISR. Regional assessments of the DRE show that background levels of DRE are similar to the 12-year average of satellite-based DRE, with urbanized areas having increased levels of DRE compared to background conditions. Over the study period, DRE has a positive trend (becoming less negative), which implies that the region could lose this protective top of the atmosphere cooling with the advancement of climate change impacting the biogenic emissions of aerosols. C1 [Alston, Rica J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Sokolik, Irina N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Alston, RJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM erica.j.alston@nasa.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIBERTAS ACAD PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 300-874, ALBANY 0752, AUCKLAND, 00000, NEW ZEALAND SN 1178-6221 J9 AIR SOIL WATER RES JI Air Soil Water Res. PY 2016 VL 9 BP 97 EP 112 DI 10.4137/ASWR.S39226 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DX6PJ UT WOS:000384505300001 ER PT S AU Evans, J Cornford, S Feather, MS AF Evans, John Cornford, Steven Feather, Martin S. GP IEEE TI Model Based Mission Assurance: NASA's Assurance Future SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Tucson, AZ SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div DE Assurance; Model Based Systems Engineering AB Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is seeing increased application in planning and design of NASA's missions. This suggests the question: what will be the corresponding practice of Model Based Mission Assurance (MBMA)? Contemporaneously, NASA's Office of Safety and Mission Assurance (OSMA) is evaluating a new objectives-based approach to standards to ensure that the Safety and Mission Assurance disciplines and programs are addressing the challenges of NASA's changing missions, acquisition and engineering practices, and technology. MBSE is a prominent example of a changing engineering practice. We use NASA's objectives-based strategy for Reliability and Maintainability as a means to examine how MBSE will affect assurance. We surveyed MBSE literature to look specifically for these affects, and find a variety of them discussed (some are anticipated, some are reported from applications to date). Predominantly these apply to the early stages of design, although there are also extrapolations of how MBSE practices will have benefits for testing phases. As the effort to develop MBMA continues, it will need to clearly and unambiguously establish the roles of uncertainty and risk in the system model. This will enable a variety of uncertainty-based analyses to be performed much more rapidly than ever before and has the promise to increase the integration of CRM (Continuous Risk Management) and PRA (Probabilistic Risk Analyses) even more fully into the project development life cycle. Various views and viewpoints will be required for assurance disciplines, and an over-arching viewpoint will then be able to more completely characterize the state of the project/program as well as (possibly) enabling the safety case approach for overall risk awareness and communication. C1 [Evans, John] NASA, Off Safety & Mission Assurance, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Cornford, Steven] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Strateg Syst Off, MS 202-202,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Feather, Martin S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Qual Assurance Off, MS 125-233,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Evans, J (reprint author), NASA, Off Safety & Mission Assurance, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM john.w.evans@nasa.gov; steven.l.cornford@jpl.nasa.gov; martin.s.feather@jpl.nasa.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-5090-0249-8 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF7BZ UT WOS:000383954600087 ER PT S AU Huang, ZF Safie, F AF Huang, Zhaofeng Safie, Fayssal GP IEEE TI Addressing Uniqueness and Unison of Reliability and Safety for a Better Integration SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Tucson, AZ SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div DE Reliability; System Safety; Failure Mode and Effects Analysis; Hazard Analysis; Fault Tree Analysis; Probabilistic Risk Assessment; Reliability Allocation and Prediction AB Over time, it has been observed that Safety and Reliability have not been clearly differentiated, which leads to confusion, inefficiency, and sometimes counter-productive practices in executing each of these two disciplines. It is imperative to address this situation to help Reliability and Safety disciplines improve their effectiveness and efficiency. The paper poses an important question to address, "Safety and Reliability - Are they unique or unisonous?" To answer the question, the paper reviewed several most commonly used analyses from each of the disciplines, namely, FMEA, reliability allocation and prediction, reliability design involvement, system safety hazard analysis, Fault Tree Analysis and Probabilistic Risk Assessment. The paper pointed out uniqueness and unison of Safety and Reliability in their respective roles, requirements, and approaches and tools. The paper discusses and presents some methods for enhancing and improving the individual disciplines as well as promoting the integration of the two. The paper concludes that Safety and Reliability are unique but compensating each other in many aspects, and need to be integrated. Particularly, the individual roles of Safety and Reliability need to be differentiated, that is, Safety is to ensure and assure the product meets safety requirements, goals or desires, and Reliability is to ensure and assure maximum achievability of intended design functions. With the integration of Safety and Reliability, personnel can be shared, tools and analyses have to be integrated, skill sets can be possessed by the same person with the purpose of providing the best value to a product development. C1 [Huang, Zhaofeng] Aerojet Rocketdyne, POB 7922,RFA45,8900 De Soto Ave, Canoga Pk, CA 91309 USA. [Safie, Fayssal] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr QD30, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Huang, ZF (reprint author), Aerojet Rocketdyne, POB 7922,RFA45,8900 De Soto Ave, Canoga Pk, CA 91309 USA. EM Zhaofeng.huang@rocket.com; fayssal.safie@msfc.nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-5090-0249-8 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF7BZ UT WOS:000383954600080 ER PT S AU Izygon, M Wagner, H Okon, S Wang, L Sargusingh, M Evans, J AF Izygon, Michel Wagner, Howard Okon, Shira Wang, Lui Sargusingh, Miriam Evans, John GP IEEE TI Facilitating R&M in Spaceflight Systems with MBSE SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Tucson, AZ SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div DE Fault Management; FM Analysis Tools; FMEA; FMECA; FTA; Model Based Systems Engineering; PRA; Spaceflight; Systems Engineering AB An innovative modeling technique was developed to merge Reliability & Maintenance (R&M) activities with Model Based System Engineering processes. Associated tools were developed to automatically extract R&M products (FMECA and Fault Trees) from the model. The modeling technique and tools were successfully applied to a NASA/JSC project. The method enables the R&M perspective to be taken into account as key design decisions are being made during the design process. C1 [Izygon, Michel; Wagner, Howard; Okon, Shira] Tietronix Software Inc, 1331 Gemini St Suite 3000, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wang, Lui; Sargusingh, Miriam] NASA, JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Evans, John] NASA, HQ, Washington, DC USA. RP Izygon, M (reprint author), Tietronix Software Inc, 1331 Gemini St Suite 3000, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM Michel.Izygon@tietronix.com; Howard.Wagner@tietronix.com; Shira.Okon@tietronix.com; lui.wang-1@nasa.gov; m.sargusingh@nasa.gov; john.w.evans@nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-5090-0249-8 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF7BZ UT WOS:000383954600071 ER PT S AU Lindsey, NJ AF Lindsey, Nancy J. GP IEEE TI An Innovative Goddard Space Flight Center Methodology for using FMECA as a Risk Assessment and Communication Tool SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Tucson, AZ SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div DE FMEA/FMECA; Failure Analysis; Risk Assessment; Risk Priority Number; Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA AB Functional and Interface Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analyses (FMECA) investigate the following types of detailed potential failure origin and failure impact questions: What interfaces dependencies or performance issues exist as a result of each potential functional failure or input loss? If a component fails or exhibits intermittent functionality, is a redundant component available to mitigate the failure effects? If a failure occurs internal to the component's electronics is there the potential for collateral damage of adjacent systems (i.e., Is propagation possible? Will a system failure "Do No Harm" to other systems?)? Can any single failure mode of the instrument lead to total loss of science/data from the instrument or other flight systems? The answers to these questions help to identify Single Point Failures (SPFs), Critical Items, and have the potential to characterize and quantify risk if a risk assessment methodology is used throughout the FMECA process. The following FMECA risk assessment methodology has been developed by GSFC's Reliability and Risk Analysis Branch to assess and communicate failure risks: 1) Correlate Mission Success Requirements-to-GSFC Risk Management Consequence Definitions (GPR 7120.4D); 2) Correlate Failure Severities (NASA/GSFC FMECA Procedures)-to-GSFC Risk Management Consequence Definitions (GPR 7120.4D); 3) Correlate Mission Failure and Duration-to-GSFC Risk Management Likelihood Definitions (GPR 7120.4D); 4) Analyze and characterize each failure mode using these correlations; 5) Assess the Failure Modes as risks, and 6) Communicate risks to mission risk managers. This methodology has already been successfully used on the following NASA GSFC projects: ICESAT-2, OSIRIS-Rex, Robotic Refueling Mission (RRM), Gravity and Extreme Magnetism SMEX (GEMS), and Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) to assess and communicate risks including single point failure risks based on FMECA results. Thus it can be considered valid and useable for other missions. C1 [Lindsey, Nancy J.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 371,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lindsey, NJ (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 371,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM nancy.j.lindsey@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-5090-0249-8 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2016 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF7BZ UT WOS:000383954600062 ER PT S AU Safie, FM AF Safie, Fayssal M. GP IEEE TI The Role of Probabilistic Design Analysis Methods in Safety and Affordability SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Tucson, AZ SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div DE NASA; Probabilistic Design Analysis; Reliability; Safety; affordability AB For the last several years, NASA and its contractors have been working together to build space launch systems to commercialize space. Developing commercial affordable and safe launch systems becomes very important and requires a paradigm shift. This paradigm shift enforces the need for an integrated systems engineering environment where cost, safety, reliability, and performance need to be considered to optimize the launch system design. In such an environment, rule based and deterministic engineering design practices alone may not be sufficient to optimize margins and fault tolerance to reduce cost. As a result, introduction of Probabilistic Design Analysis (PDA) methods to support the current deterministic engineering design practices becomes a necessity to reduce cost without compromising reliability and safety. This paper discusses the importance of PDA methods in NASA's new commercial environment, their applications, and the key role they can play in designing reliable, safe, and affordable launch systems. More specifically, this paper discusses: 1) The involvement of NASA in PDA 2) Why PDA is needed 3) A PDA model structure 4) A PDA example application 5) PDA link to safety and affordability C1 [Safie, Fayssal M.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Safie, FM (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr QD01, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM fayssal.safie@msfc.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-5090-0249-8 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2016 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF7BZ UT WOS:000383954600029 ER PT S AU Teverovsky, A AF Teverovsky, Alexander GP IEEE TI Degradation of Leakage Currents and Reliability Prediction for Tantalum Capacitors SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Tucson, AZ SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div DE acceleration factors; degradation; failures; leakage current; tantalum capacitors ID FILMS AB Two types of failures in solid tantalum capacitors, catastrophic and parametric, and their mechanisms are described. Analysis of voltage and temperature reliability acceleration factors reported in literature shows a wide spread of results and requires more investigation. In this work, leakage currents in two types of chip tantalum capacitors were monitored during highly accelerated life testing (HALT) at different temperatures and voltages. Distributions of degradation rates were approximated using a general log-linear Weibull model and yielded voltage acceleration constants B = 9.8 +/- 0.5 and 5.5. The activation energies were E-a = 1.65 eV and 1.42 eV. The model allows for conservative estimations of times to failure and was validated by long-term life test data. Parametric degradation and failures are reversible and can be annealed at high temperatures. The process is attributed to migration of charged oxygen vacancies that reduce the barrier height at the MnO2/Ta2O5 interface and increase injection of electrons from the MnO2 cathode. Analysis showed that the activation energy of the vacancies' migration is similar to 1.1 eV. C1 [Teverovsky, Alexander] AS&D Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Teverovsky, A (reprint author), ASRC, GSFC, Code 562, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alexander.a.teverovsky@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-5090-0249-8 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF7BZ UT WOS:000383954600009 ER PT S AU Tseng, DS Everline, CJ Plourde, KS AF Tseng, D. S. Everline, C. J. Plourde, K. S. GP IEEE TI Characterizing and Managing System Risks with Selective Redundancy during Early Mission Formulation SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM 2016 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Tucson, AZ SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Qual Control Elect Div, IEEE, Ints Environm Sci & Technol, Inst Ind Engineers, SAE Int, SOLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, American Society of Quality Control Reliabil Div DE ALARP; decision traps; elicitation; RIDM AB NASA payload medium-risk projects encounter an architectural need to identify and manage risks associated with selective redundancy. An innovative technique has been developed and implemented on two JPL instruments to help managers make risk-informed decisions during early mission formulation, when design details are often sparse. The process relies on an elicitation approach intended to balance the potential benefits of redundancy against the adverse reliability impacts of additional complexity, potential deviations from heritage practices, and the risk significance/likelihood of a single string failure. Experts in hardware, software, parts, and reliability are asked to rate the likelihood of a system failure due to six broad reliability factors. Those ratings are averaged. Then the experts are asked to rate the likelihood of failure of the same system if it were to be made redundant. While the ratings are subjective, the technique described strives to unify and normalize the ratings between experts and systems. The ratio between the averaged redundant and single-string ratings is called the "improvement factor" and is used to rank redundant systems' ability to lower technical performance risk. By presenting items with the greatest improvement factors on the NASA 5x5 risk matrix, managers can more easily visualize the risk reduction provided by redundancy. The process has been well received at JPL (nominated for a NASA Systems Engineering Excellence Award, as a "unique and immensely useful exercise in quantifying the benefit of redundancy"). It is currently in-use on several Earth science missions, and will be incorporated into the formulation phase of future missions. C1 [Tseng, D. S.; Everline, C. J.; Plourde, K. S.] CALTECH, JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tseng, DS (reprint author), CALTECH, JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM dtseng@jpl.nasa.gov; Chester.J.Everline@jpl.nasa.gov; kplourde@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-5090-0249-8 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2016 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF7BZ UT WOS:000383954600014 ER PT J AU Szubert, M Kodali, A Ganguly, S Das, K Bongard, JC AF Szubert, Marcin Kodali, Anuradha Ganguly, Sangram Das, Kamalika Bongard, Josh C. GP ACM TI Reducing Antagonism between Behavioral Diversity and Fitness in Semantic Genetic Programming SO GECCO'16: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) CY JUL 20-24, 2016 CL Denver, CO SP Assoc Comp Machinery Special Interest Grp Genet & Evolutionary Computat DE genetic programming; program semantics; novelty search; diversity; geometric crossover; symbolic regression ID CROSSOVER AB Maintaining population diversity has long been considered fundamental to the effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms. Recently, with the advent of novelty search, there has been an increasing interest in sustaining behavioral diversity by using both fitness and behavioral novelty as separate search objectives. However, since the novelty objective explicitly rewards diverging from other individuals, it can antagonize the original fitness objective that rewards convergence toward the solution(s). As a result, fostering behavioral diversity may prevent proper exploitation of the most interesting regions of the behavioral space, and thus adversely affect the overall search performance. In this paper, we argue that an antagonism between behavioral diversity and fitness can indeed exist in semantic genetic programming applied to symbolic regression. Minimizing error draws individuals toward the target semantics but promoting novelty, defined as a distance in the semantic space, scatters them away from it. We introduce a less conflicting novelty metric, defined as an angular distance between two program semantics with respect to the target semantics. The experimental results show that this metric, in contrast to the other considered diversity promoting objectives, allows to consistently improve the performance of genetic programming regardless of whether it employs a syntactic or a semantic search operator. C1 [Szubert, Marcin; Bongard, Josh C.] Univ Vermont, Dept Comp Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Kodali, Anuradha; Das, Kamalika] UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Kodali, Anuradha; Ganguly, Sangram; Das, Kamalika] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Ganguly, Sangram] BAERI, Petaluma, CA USA. RP Szubert, M (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Comp Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM mszubert@uvm.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-4206-3 PY 2016 BP 797 EP 804 DI 10.1145/2908812.2908939 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF5UN UT WOS:000382659200101 ER PT J AU Asay-Davis, XS Cornford, SL Durand, G Galton-Fenzi, BK Gladstone, RM Gudmundsson, GH Hattermann, T Holland, DM Holland, D Holland, PR Martin, DF Mathiot, P Pattyn, F Seroussi, H AF Asay-Davis, Xylar S. Cornford, Stephen L. Durand, Gael Galton-Fenzi, Benjamin K. Gladstone, Rupert M. Gudmundsson, G. Hilmar Hattermann, Tore Holland, David M. Holland, Denise Holland, Paul R. Martin, Daniel F. Mathiot, Pierre Pattyn, Frank Seroussi, Helene TI Experimental design for three interrelated marine ice sheet and ocean model intercomparison projects: MISMIP v. 3 (MISMIP+), ISOMIP v. 2 (ISOMIP+) and MISOMIP v. 1 (MISOMIP1) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID PINE ISLAND GLACIER; GROUNDING-LINE; WEST ANTARCTICA; COUPLED MODEL; HIGHER-ORDER; SHELF; PARAMETERIZATION; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; SENSITIVITY AB Coupled ice sheet-ocean models capable of simulating moving grounding lines are just becoming available. Such models have a broad range of potential applications in studying the dynamics of marine ice sheets and tidewater glaciers, from process studies to future projections of ice mass loss and sea level rise. The Marine Ice Sheet-Ocean Model Intercomparison Project ( MISOMIP) is a community effort aimed at designing and coordinating a series of model intercomparison projects ( MIPs) for model evaluation in idealized setups, model verification based on observations, and future projections for key regions of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet ( WAIS). Here we describe computational experiments constituting three interrelated MIPs for marine ice sheet models and regional ocean circulation models incorporating ice shelf cavities. These consist of ice sheet experiments under the Marine Ice Sheet MIP third phase ( MISMIP+), ocean experiments under the Ice Shelf-Ocean MIP second phase ( ISOMIP+) and coupled ice sheet-ocean experiments under the MISOMIP first phase ( MISOMIP1). All three MIPs use a shared domain with idealized bedrock topography and forcing, allowing the coupled simulations ( MISOMIP1) to be compared directly to the individual component simulations ( MISMIP+ and ISOMIP+). The experiments, which have qualitative similarities to Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf and the adjacent region of the Amundsen Sea, are designed to explore the effects of changes in ocean conditions, specifically the temperature at depth, on basal melting and ice dynamics. In future work, differences between model results will form the basis for the evaluation of the participating models. C1 [Asay-Davis, Xylar S.] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Earth Syst Anal, Potsdam, Germany. [Cornford, Stephen L.] Univ Bristol, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, Bristol, Avon, England. [Durand, Gael] CNRS, LGGE, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Durand, Gael] Univ Grenoble Alpes, LGGE, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Galton-Fenzi, Benjamin K.] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas, Australia. [Galton-Fenzi, Benjamin K.; Gladstone, Rupert M.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Gladstone, Rupert M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Versuchsanstalt Wasserbau Hydrol & Glaziol VAW, Zurich, Switzerland. [Gudmundsson, G. Hilmar; Holland, Paul R.; Mathiot, Pierre] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England. [Hattermann, Tore] Akvaplan Niva, Tromso, Norway. [Hattermann, Tore] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Holland, David M.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY USA. [Holland, Denise] New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Ctr Global Sea Level Change, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Martin, Daniel F.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Mathiot, Pierre] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Pattyn, Frank] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Lab Glaciol, Brussels, Belgium. [Seroussi, Helene] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Asay-Davis, XS (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Earth Syst Anal, Potsdam, Germany. EM xylar.asay-davis@pik-potsdam.de RI Holland, Paul/G-2796-2012; OI Cornford, Stephen/0000-0003-1844-274X; Pattyn, Frank/0000-0003-4805-5636 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-SC0011982, DE-SC0013038]; NYU Abu Dhabi grant [G1204]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; European Union [299035]; Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under award nos. DE-SC0011982 and DE-SC0013038. Support was provided through NYU Abu Dhabi grant G1204. Simulation results were produced using resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 299035. Work at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 2471 EP 2497 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-2471-2016 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DT4EE UT WOS:000381432100005 ER PT J AU Robinson, WD Franz, BA Mannino, A Ahn, JH AF Robinson, Wayne D. Franz, Bryan A. Mannino, Antonio Ahn, Jae-Hyun TI Cloud motion in the GOCI/COMS ocean colour data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID COASTAL; IMAGER AB The Geostationary Ocean Colour Imager (GOCI) instrument, on Korea's Communications, Oceans, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS), can produce a spectral artefact arising from the motion of clouds - the cloud is spatially shifted and the amount of shift varies by spectral band. The length of time it takes to acquire all eight GOCI bands for a given slot (portion of a scene) is sufficient to require that cloud motion be taken into account to fully mask or correct the effects of clouds in all bands. Inter-band correlations can be used to measure the amount of cloud shift, which can then be used to adjust the cloud mask so that the union of all shifted masks can act as a mask for all bands. This approach reduces the amount of masking required versus a simple expansion of the mask in all directions away from clouds. Cloud motion can also affect regions with unidentified clouds - thin or fractional clouds that evade the cloud identification process - yielding degraded quality in retrieved ocean colour parameters. Areas with moving and unidentified clouds require more elaborate masking algorithms to remove these degraded retrievals. Correction for the effects of moving fractional clouds may also be possible. The cloud shift information can be used to determine cloud motion and thus wind at the cloud levels on sub-minute timescales. The beneficial and negative effects of moving clouds should be considered for any ocean colour instrument design and associated data processing plans. C1 [Robinson, Wayne D.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Franz, Bryan A.; Mannino, Antonio] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Ecol Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Ahn, Jae-Hyun] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Korea Ocean Satellite Ctr, Ansan, South Korea. [Ahn, Jae-Hyun] Ocean Sci & Technol Sch, Dept Convergence Study Ocean Sci & Technol, Busan, South Korea. RP Robinson, WD (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 616-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Wayne.Robinson@nasa.gov RI Mannino, Antonio/I-3633-2014 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH12ZDA001N, 12-ESUSPI12-0005] FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Earth Science U.S. Participating Investigator Program (NNH12ZDA001N) [award number 12-ESUSPI12-0005]. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 20 BP 4948 EP 4963 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1225177 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DX5EL UT WOS:000384402500012 ER PT S AU Cofer, AG O'Neill, WJ Heister, SD Cardiff, EH Alexeenko, AA AF Cofer, Anthony G. O'Neill, William J. Heister, Stephen D. Cardiff, Eric H. Alexeenko, Alina A. GP IEEE TI FILM-EVAPORATION MICROTHRUSTER FOR CUBESATS SO 2016 IEEE 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 24-28, 2016 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc AB This paper describes a novel MEMS thermal valving system which exploits surface tension as a control mechanism to produce thrust in the sub-millinewton range at less than 1 Watt power at 2 to 5 Volts and using pure liquid water as a green propellant. Over 120 functional field-evaporation devices of different nozzle throat geometries were microfabricated and tested. The throat width was around 8 microns to initiate evaporation at about 50 degrees C with length varying from about 15 to 60 microns to realize different capillary aspect ratios. The thermal and thrust measurements revealed two distinct performance modes for short and long capillaries. The short capillary with a throat aspect ratio up to 2 results in high rates of bulk water cooling beneficial for thermal control. For aspect ratios > 4, the film-evaporation device gives a stable and lower mass flow rate with higher propulsion performance. The measured specific impulse (Isp) exceeds most cold gas micropropulsion systems, due to low atomic mass, and requires no high pressure propellant containment nor massive and power exhaustive conventional valves. Total dry system mass including propellant tank can be as low as 1 1/2 grams to hold 1 gram of propellant and occupy less than 2 cm(3) volume. C1 [Cofer, Anthony G.; O'Neill, William J.; Heister, Stephen D.; Alexeenko, Alina A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cofer, Anthony G.; Alexeenko, Alina A.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cardiff, Eric H.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Alexeenko, AA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Alexeenko, AA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM alexeenk@purdue.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-5090-1973-1 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2016 BP 1248 EP 1251 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BF4ZH UT WOS:000381797300324 ER PT B AU Sarkissian, A Krishna, BG Crichton, DJ Beebe, R Yamamoto, Y Arviset, C Di Capria, MT Mickaelian, AM AF Sarkissian, Alain Krishna, B. Gopala Crichton, D. J. Beebe, R. Yamamoto, Y. Arviset, C. Di Capria, M. T. Mickaelian, A. M. CA IPDA BE Mickaelian, AM Lawrence, A Magakian, TY TI The International Planetary Data Alliance (IPDA): Overview of the Activities SO ASTRONOMICAL SURVEYS AND BIG DATA SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Astronomical Surveys and Big Data CY OCT 05-08, 2015 CL Byurakan Astrophys Observ, Byurakan, ARMENIA HO Byurakan Astrophys Observ AB An overview of activities of the IPDA is presented in the frame of the recently growing number of successful space experiments dedicated to planetary observation, with a significantly growing number of people involved in such activity and with significantly growing numbers of web services willing to share data and services in our research domain, but also, in close by domains such as astronomy, heliophysics and atmospheric sciences for the Earth. An overview of a number of space agencies and organizations is given. In total, IPDA consists of 13 national organizations: NASA (USA), CNES (France), ESA (Europe), STFC (UK), JAXA (Japan), ASI (Italy), ISRO (India), DLR (Germany), RKA (Russia), RCSA (China), FMI (Finland), ArSA (Armenia) and United Arab Emirates. Some projects of 2015 in frame of the IPDA activities are described. C1 [Sarkissian, Alain] LATMOS CNRS UVSQ IPSL, 11 Bld Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Krishna, B. Gopala] ISRO, DPPA, Hyderabad 500037, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Krishna, B. Gopala] ISRO, WAA, Hyderabad 500037, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Crichton, D. J.] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. [Beebe, R.] New Mexico State Univ, NASA PDS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Yamamoto, Y.] JAXA, ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Arviset, C.] European Space Agcy, ESA ESAC, Villafranca, Spain. [Di Capria, M. T.] Italian Space Agcy, IASF, Rome, Italy. [Mickaelian, A. M.] Armenian Space Agcy ArSA, Yerevan, Armenia. RP Sarkissian, A (reprint author), LATMOS CNRS UVSQ IPSL, 11 Bld Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. EM alain.sarkissian@latmos.ipsl.fr; Christophe.Arviset@esa.int; aregmick@yahoo.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-894-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2016 VL 505 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF4UR UT WOS:000381717100003 ER PT S AU Singh, NB Su, CH Nagaradona, T Arnold, B Choa, FS AF Singh, N. B. Su, Ching-Hua Nagaradona, Teja Arnold, Brad Choa, Fow-Sen BE Fountain, AW TI Design and growth of novel compounds for radiation sensors: Multinary chalcogenides SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Meeting of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing Conference met as part of the SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing (DCS) Symposium CY APR 18-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Crystal; Growth; Bridgman; gradient; Thallium Arsenic Selenide; boule; fabrication ID CRYSTALS AB Increasing threats of radiological weapons have revitalized the researches for low cost large volume gamma-ray and neutron ray sensors In the past few years we have designed and grown ternary and quaternary lead and thallium chalcogenides and lead selenoiodides for detectors to meet these challenges. These materials are congruent, can be tailored to enhance the parameters required for radiation sensors. In addition, this class of compounds can be grown by Bridgman method which promises for large volume productions. We have single crystals of several compounds from the melt including Tl3AsSe3, Tl3AsSe3-xSx, TlGaSe2, AgGaGe3Se8, AgxLi1-xAgGaGe3Se8 and PbTlI5-x Sex compounds. Experimental studies indicate that these have very low absorption coefficient, low defect density and can be fabricated in any shape and sizes. These crystals do not require post growth annealing and do not show any second phase precipitates when processed for electrode bonding and other fabrication steps. In this paper we report purification, growth and fabrication of large Tl3AsSe3 (TAS) crystals. We observed that TAS crystals grown by using further purification of as supplied high purity source materials followed by directionally solidified charge showed higher resistivity than previously reported values. TAS also showed constant value as the function of voltage. C1 [Singh, N. B.; Nagaradona, Teja; Arnold, Brad; Choa, Fow-Sen] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21043 USA. [Su, Ching-Hua] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, EM31, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Singh, NB (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21043 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0065-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9824 AR UNSP 982411 DI 10.1117/12.2220405 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Optics SC Agriculture; Optics GA BF6PI UT WOS:000383503600029 ER PT S AU Kramer, LJ Etherington, TJ Severance, K Bailey, RE AF Kramer, Lynda J. Etherington, Timothy J. Severance, Kurt Bailey, Randall E. BE SandersReed, J Arthur, JJ TI Assessing impact of dual sensor enhanced flight vision systems on departure performance SO DEGRADED VISUAL ENVIRONMENTS: ENHANCED, SYNTHETIC, AND EXTERNAL VISION SOLUTIONS 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Degraded Visual Environments - Enhanced, Synthetic, and External Vision Solutions CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Enhanced Flight Vision Systems; Synthetic Vision Systems; Combined Vision Systems; Forward Looking Infrared; Millimeter Wave Radar; DO-341 ID SYNTHETIC VISION; FIELD AB Synthetic Vision (SV) and Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS) may serve as game-changing technologies to meet the challenges of the Next Generation Air Transportation System and the envisioned Equivalent Visual Operations (EVO) concept -that is, the ability to achieve the safety and operational tempos of current-day Visual Flight Rules operations irrespective of the weather and visibility conditions. One significant obstacle lies in the definition of required equipage on the aircraft and on the airport to enable the EVO concept objective. A motion-base simulator experiment was conducted to evaluate the operational feasibility and pilot workload of conducting departures and approaches on runways without centerline lighting in visibility as low as 300 feet runway visual range (RVR) by use of onboard vision system technologies on a Head-Up Display (HUD) without need or reliance on natural vision. Twelve crews evaluated two methods of combining dual sensor (millimeter wave radar and forward looking infrared) EFVS imagery on pilot-flying and pilotmonitoring HUDs. In addition, the impact of adding SV to the dual sensor EFVS imagery on crew flight performance and workload was assessed. Using EFVS concepts during 300 RVR terminal operations on runways without centerline lighting appears feasible as all EFVS concepts had equivalent (or better) departure performance and landing rollout performance, without any workload penalty, than those flown with a conventional HUD to runways having centerline lighting. Adding SV imagery to EFVS concepts provided situation awareness improvements but no discernible improvements in flight path maintenance. C1 [Kramer, Lynda J.; Etherington, Timothy J.; Severance, Kurt; Bailey, Randall E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Kramer, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 152, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM lynda.j.kramer@nasa.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0080-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9839 AR 98390C DI 10.1117/12.2222081 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BF6KO UT WOS:000383224100010 ER PT S AU Arnone, R Vandermeulen, R Donaghay, P Yang, HP AF Arnone, Robert Vandermeulen, Ryan Donaghay, Percy Yang, Haoping BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Surface Biomass Flux across the Coastal Mississippi Shelf SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VIII CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Ocean Color; Circulation Models; Chlorophyll; Flux; Transport; Shelf; Satellite; SNPP VIIRS; Coastal ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; COLOR; MODEL; CIRCULATION; WATERS AB The exchange of water masses across the Mississippi shelf was used to determine the chlorophyll flux for an eight month period in 2013 through the major Mississippi River discharge period in Spring and Fall. Circulation models (NCOM and HYCOM) and SNPP satellite chlorophyll products were used to monitor the changes in the shelf transport and surface biological impact. The physical and biological response of cross shelf exchange was observed in rapidly changing dynamic movements of river plumes across the shelf as identified by the models and satellite products. Six sections on the shelf identified exchange corridors of transport and biomass chlorophyll flux of surface waters between the coast and offshore waters. During the eight month period, the nearshore waters show high carbon chlorophyll flux, averaging -60x10(3) kg chl extending to offshore waters. However, at the outer shelf break, a significant carbon flux was observed moving shoreward onto the shelf from offshore waters, averaging +100x10(3) kg chl, which is attributed to the dynamic Mississippi River plume. Results indicate a significant amount of offshore surface waters containing biological carbon can exchange across the shelf, clearly demonstrated through the combination of biological satellite products and physical models. C1 [Arnone, Robert; Donaghay, Percy; Yang, Haoping] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Vandermeulen, Ryan] NASA, SSAI, GSFC 616-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Arnone, R (reprint author), Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0068-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9827 AR UNSP 98270Z DI 10.1117/12.2240874 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF6LC UT WOS:000383238700025 ER PT S AU Arnone, R Vandermuelen, R Ladner, S Ondrusek, M Kovach, C Yang, HP Salisbury, J AF Arnone, Robert Vandermuelen, Ryan Ladner, Sherwin Ondrusek, Michael Kovach, Charles Yang, Haoping Salisbury, Joseph BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Diurnal changes in ocean color in coastal waters SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VIII CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Ocean Color; Diurnal; Uncertainty; SNPP VIIRS; AERONET; Validation; Orbit Overlap; GEOCAPE ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; AERONET; NETWORK AB Coastal processes can change on hourly time scales in response to tides, winds and biological activity, which can influence the color of surface waters. These temporal and spatial ocean color changes require satellite validation for applications using bio-optical products to delineate diurnal processes. The diurnal color change and capability for satellite ocean color response were determined with in situ and satellite observations. Hourly variations in satellite ocean color are dependent on several properties which include: a) sensor characterization b) advection of water masses and c) diurnal response of biological and optical water properties. The in situ diurnal changes in ocean color in a dynamic turbid coastal region in the northern Gulf of Mexico were characterized using above water spectral radiometry from an AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET -WavCIS CSI-06) site that provides up to 8-10 observations per day (in 15-30 minute increments). These in situ diurnal changes were used to validate and quantify natural bio-optical fluctuations in satellite ocean color measurements. Satellite capability to detect changes in ocean color was characterized by using overlapping afternoon orbits of the VIIRS-NPP ocean color sensor within 100 minutes. Results show the capability of multiple satellite observations to monitor hourly color changes in dynamic coastal regions that are impacted by tides, re-suspension, and river plume dispersion. Hourly changes in satellite ocean color were validated with in situ observation on multiple occurrences during different times of the afternoon. Also, the spatial variability of VIIRS diurnal changes shows the occurrence and displacement of phytoplankton blooms and decay during the afternoon period. Results suggest that determining the temporal and spatial changes in a color / phytoplankton bloom from the morning to afternoon time period will require additional satellite coverage periods in the coastal zone. C1 [Arnone, Robert; Yang, Haoping] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ladner, Sherwin] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ondrusek, Michael; Kovach, Charles] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Vandermuelen, Ryan] NASA, SSAI, GSFC 616-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Salisbury, Joseph] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Arnone, R (reprint author), Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010 OI Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0068-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9827 AR UNSP 982711 DI 10.1117/12.2241018 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF6LC UT WOS:000383238700026 ER PT S AU Wald, A Levy, RC Angal, A Geng, X Xiong, J Hoffman, K AF Wald, Andrew Levy, Robert C. Angal, Amit Geng, Xu Xiong, Jack Hoffman, Kurt BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Impact of MODIS SWIR band calibration improvements on Level-3 atmospheric products SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VIII CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE remote sensing; MODIS; calibration; aerosol; water vapor; cloudmask; cirrus AB The spectral reflectance measured by the MODIS reflective solar bands (RSB) is used for retrieving many atmospheric science products. The accuracy of these products depends on the accuracy of the calibration of the RSB. To this end, the RSB of the MODIS instruments are primarily calibrated on-orbit using regular solar diffuser (SD) observations. For lambda < 0.94 mu m the SD's on-orbit bi-directional reflectance factor (BRF) change is tracked using solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM) observations. For lambda > 0.94 mu m, the MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) developed, in MODIS Collection 6 (C6), a time-dependent correction using observations from pseudo-invariant earth-scene targets. This correction has been implemented in C6 for the Terra MODIS 1.24 mu m band over the entire mission, and for the 1.38 mu m band in the forward processing. As the instruments continue to operate beyond their design lifetime of six years, a similar correction is planned for other short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands as well. MODIS SWIR bands are used in deriving atmosphere products, including aerosol optical thickness, atmospheric total column water vapor, cloud fraction and cloud optical depth. The SD degradation correction in Terra bands 5 and 26 impact the spectral radiance and therefore the retrieval of these atmosphere products. Here, we describe the corrections to Bands 5 (1.24 mu m) and 26 (1.38 mu m), and produce three sets (B5, B26 correction = on/on, on/off, and off/off) of Terra-MODIS Level 1B (calibrated radiance product) data. By comparing products derived from these corrected and uncorrected Terra MODIS Level 1B (L1B) calibrations, dozens of L3 atmosphere products are surveyed for changes caused by the corrections, and representative results are presented. Aerosol and water vapor products show only small local changes, while some cloud products can change locally by >10%, which is a large change. C1 [Wald, Andrew] Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Levy, Robert C.; Xiong, Jack] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Angal, Amit; Geng, Xu; Hoffman, Kurt] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Wald, A (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RI Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013 OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0068-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9827 AR UNSP 98270Y DI 10.1117/12.2222594 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF6LC UT WOS:000383238700024 ER PT S AU Wald, AE Brinkmann, J Wu, AS Xiong, J AF Wald, Andrew E. Brinkmann, Jake Wu, Aisheng Xiong, Jack BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Estimating Terra MODIS polarization effect using ocean data SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VIII CY APR 19-20, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB Terra MODIS has been known since pre-launch to have polarization sensitivity, particularly in shortest-wavelength bands 8 and 9. On-orbit reflectance trending of pseudo-invariant sites show a variation in reflectance as a function of band and scan mirror angle of incidence consistent with time-dependent polarization effects from the rotating double-sided scan mirror. The MODIS Characterization Support Team [MCST] estimates the Mueller matrix trending from this variation as observed from a single desert site, but this effect is not included in Collection 6 [C6] calibration. Here we extend the MCST's current polarization sensitivity monitoring to two ocean sites distributed over latitude to help estimate the uncertainties in the derived Mueller matrix. The Mueller matrix elements derived for polarization-sensitive Band 8 for a given site are found to be fairly insensitive to surface brdf modeling. The site-to-site variation is a measure of the uncertainty in the Mueller estimation. Results for band 8 show that the polarization correction reduces mirror-side striping by up to 50% and reduces the instrument polarization effect on reflectance time series of an ocean target. C1 [Wald, Andrew E.] Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Brinkmann, Jake; Wu, Aisheng] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Jack] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wald, AE (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0068-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9827 AR UNSP 98270V DI 10.1117/12.2222585 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF6LC UT WOS:000383238700022 ER PT S AU MacDowell, AA Barnard, H Parkinson, DY Haboub, A Larson, N Zok, F Parerai, F Mansour, NN Bale, H Gludovatz, B Acevedo, C Liu, D Ritchie, RO AF MacDowell, Alastair A. Barnard, Harold Parkinson, Dilworth Y. Haboub, Abdel Larson, Natalie Zok, Frank Parerai, Francesco Mansour, Nagi N. Bale, Hrishikesh Gludovatz, Bernd Acevedo, Claire Liu, Dong Ritchie, Robert O. BE Shen, Q Nelson, C TI High Temperature X-Ray Micro-Tomography SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (SRI2015) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI) CY JUL 06-10, 2015 CL New York, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven Natl Lab AB There is increasing demand for 3D micro-scale time-resolved imaging of samples in realistic - and in many cases extreme environments. The data is used to understand material response, validate and refine computational models which, in turn, can be used to reduce development time for new materials and processes. Here we present the results of high temperature experiments carried out at the x-ray micro-tomography beamline 8.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source. The themes involve material failure and processing at temperatures up to 1750 degrees C. The experimental configurations required to achieve the requisite conditions for imaging are described, with examples of ceramic matrix composites, spacecraft ablative heat shields and nuclear reactor core Gilsocarbon graphite. C1 [MacDowell, Alastair A.; Barnard, Harold; Parkinson, Dilworth Y.; Haboub, Abdel; Gludovatz, Bernd; Acevedo, Claire; Ritchie, Robert O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Larson, Natalie; Zok, Frank] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Parerai, Francesco; Mansour, Nagi N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bale, Hrishikesh; Ritchie, Robert O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Haboub, Abdel] Lincoln Univ, Jefferson City, MO 65101 USA. [Bale, Hrishikesh] Carl Zeiss Xray Microscopy, 4385 Hopyard Rd 100, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. [Acevedo, Claire] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Liu, Dong] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. RP MacDowell, AA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aamacdowell@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Acevedo, Claire/R-6711-2016; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Acevedo, Claire/0000-0001-5425-3052; Gludovatz, Bernd/0000-0002-2420-3879; Liu, Dong/0000-0002-5947-8362 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1398-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1741 AR 050005 DI 10.1063/1.4952925 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BF6KB UT WOS:000383222800146 ER PT S AU Yu, AW Harding, DJ Dabney, PW AF Yu, Anthony W. Harding, David J. Dabney, Philip W. BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI Laser Transmitter Design and Performance for the Slope Imaging Multi-polarization Photon-counting Lidar (SIMPL) Instrument SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXV: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXV - Technology and Devices CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Solid-state laser; Airborne altimetry instrument; Space lidar instrument ID AIRBORNE; SURFACE AB The Slope Imaging Multi-polarization Photon-counting Lidar (SIMPL) is a polarimetric, two-color, multi-beam push broom laser altimeter developed through the NASA Earth Science Technology Office Instrument Incubator Program. It has flown successfully on multiple airborne platforms beginning in 2008.(1) It was developed to demonstrate new altimetry capabilities that combine height measurements and information about surface composition and properties. In this talk we will discuss the laser transmitter design and performance and present recent science data collected over the Greenland ice sheet and arctic sea ice in support of the second NASA Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2) mission to be launched in 2017.(2) C1 [Yu, Anthony W.; Harding, David J.; Dabney, Philip W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yu, AW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anthony.w.yu@nasa.gov RI Harding, David/F-5913-2012 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-961-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9726 AR 97260J DI 10.1117/12.2213005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF6XP UT WOS:000383765300011 ER PT S AU Berger, K Voorhies, R Matthies, L AF Berger, Kai Voorhies, Randolph Matthies, Larry BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI Incorporating Polarization in Stereo Vision-based 3-D Perception of Non-Lambertian Scenes SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVIII CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE stereo vision; non-Lambertian; polarization; 3D perception ID REFLECTION AB Surfaces with specular, non-Lambertian reflectance are common urban areas. Robot perception systems for applications in urban environments need to function effectively in the presence of such materials; however, both passive and active 3-D perception systems have difficulties with them. In this paper, we develop an approach using a stereo pair of polarization cameras to improve passive 3-D perception of specular surfaces. We use a commercial stereo camera pair with rotatable polarization filters in front, of each lens to capture images with multiple orientations of the polarization filter. From these images, we estimate the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) and the angle of polarization (AOP) at each pixel in at least one camera. The AOP constrains the corresponding surface normal in the scene to lie in the plane of the observed angle of polarization. We embody this constraint, an energy functional for a regufarization-based stereo vision algorithm. This paper describes the theory of polarization needed for this approach, describes the new stereo vision algorithm, presents results on synthetic and real images to evaluate performance. C1 [Berger, Kai; Matthies, Larry] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Voorhies, Randolph] InVia Robot, Agoura Hills, CA USA. RP Berger, K (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kuberger@jpl.nasa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0078-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9837 AR 98370P DI 10.1117/12.2231110 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BF6KQ UT WOS:000383224300023 ER PT S AU Lee, D Rankin, A Huertas, A Nash, J Ahuja, G Matthies, L AF Lee, Daren Rankin, Arturo Huertas, Andres Nash, Jeremy Ahuja, Gaurav Matthies, Larry BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI LWIR passive perception system for stealthy unmanned ground vehicle night operations SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVIII CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Passive perception; long wavelength infrared; stereo vision; autonomous navigation AB Resupplying forward-deployed units in rugged terrain in the presence of hostile forces creates a high threat to manned air and ground vehicles. An autonomous unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) capable of navigating stealthily at night in offroad and on-road terrain could significantly increase the safety and success rate of such resupply missions for warfighters. Passive night-time perception of terrain and obstacle features is a vital requirement for such missions. As part of the ONR 30 Autonomy Team, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed a passive, low-cost night-time perception system under the ONR Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism Applied Research program. Using a stereo pair of forward looking LWIR uncooled microbolometer cameras, the perception system generates disparity maps using a local window-based stereo correlator to achieve real-time performance while maintaining low power consumption. To overcome the lower signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution of LWIR thermal imaging technologies, a series of pre-filters were applied to the input images to increase the image contrast and stereo correlator enhancements were applied to increase the disparity density. To overcome false positives generated by mixed pixels, noisy disparities from repeated textures, and uncertainty in far range measurements, a series of consistency, multi-resolution, and temporal based post-filters were employed to improve the fidelity of the output range measurements. The stereo processing leverages multi-core processors and runs under the Robot Operating System (ROS). The night-time passive perception system was tested and evaluated on fully autonomous testbed ground vehicles at SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific (SSC Pacific) and Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. This paper describes the challenges, techniques, and experimental results of developing a passive, low-cost perception system for night-time autonomous navigation. C1 [Lee, Daren; Rankin, Arturo; Huertas, Andres; Nash, Jeremy; Matthies, Larry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ahuja, Gaurav] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific SSC Pacifi, 53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lee, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Daren.A.Lee@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0078-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9837 AR 98370D DI 10.1117/12.2222788 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BF6KQ UT WOS:000383224300012 ER PT S AU Ryoo, MS Matthies, L AF Ryoo, M. S. Matthies, Larry BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI Video-based convolutional neural networks for activity recognition from robot-centric videos SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XVIII CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Human activity recognition; first-person videos AB In this evaluation paper, we discuss convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approaches for human activity recognition. In particular, we investigate CNN architectures designed to capture temporal information in videos and their applications to the human activity recognition problem. There have been multiple previous works to use CNN-features for videos. These include CNNs using 3-D XYT convolutional filters, CNNs using pooling operations on top of per-frame image -based CNN descriptors, and recurrent neural networks to learn temporal changes in per-frame CNN descriptors. We experimentally compare some of these different representatives CNNs while using first-person human activity videos. We especially focus on videos from a robots viewpoint, captured during its operations and human-robot interactions. C1 [Ryoo, M. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. [Matthies, Larry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ryoo, MS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. EM mryoo@indiana.edu; lhm@jpl.nasa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0078-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9837 AR 98370R DI 10.1117/12.2229531 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BF6KQ UT WOS:000383224300025 ER PT S AU Zhao, Y Chen, ZZ Virbila, G Xu, YN Al Hadi, R Kim, Y Tang, A Reck, T Chen, HN Jou, CP Hsueh, FL Chang, MCF AF Zhao, Yan Chen, Zuow-Zun Virbila, Gabriel Xu, Yinuo Al Hadi, Richard Kim, Yanghyo Tang, Adrian Reck, Theodore Chen, Huan-Neng Jou, Chewnpu Hsueh, Fu-Lung Chang, Mau-Chung Frank GP IEEE TI An Integrated 0.56THz Frequency Synthesizer with 21GHz Locking Range and-74dBc/Hz Phase Noise at 1MHz Offset in 65nm CMOS SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS CONFERENCE (ISSCC) SE IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) CY JAN 31-FEB 04, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE C1 [Zhao, Yan; Chen, Zuow-Zun; Virbila, Gabriel; Xu, Yinuo; Al Hadi, Richard; Kim, Yanghyo; Tang, Adrian; Chang, Mau-Chung Frank] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kim, Yanghyo; Tang, Adrian; Reck, Theodore] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Chen, Huan-Neng; Jou, Chewnpu; Hsueh, Fu-Lung] TSMC, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Chang, Mau-Chung Frank] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0193-6530 BN 978-1-4673-9467-3 J9 ISSCC DIG TECH PAP I PY 2016 VL 59 BP 36 EP U733 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF5KK UT WOS:000382151400005 ER PT S AU Tang, AJ Kim, Y Gu, QJ AF Tang, A. J. Kim, Yangyho Gu, Qun Jane GP IEEE TI A 0.43K-Noise-Equivalent-Delta T 100GHz Dicke-Free Radiometer with 100% Time Efficiency in 65nm CMOS SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS CONFERENCE (ISSCC) SE IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 63rd IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) CY JAN 31-FEB 04, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE C1 [Tang, A. J.; Gu, Qun Jane] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tang, A. J.; Kim, Yangyho] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tang, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.; Tang, AJ (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0193-6530 BN 978-1-4673-9467-3 J9 ISSCC DIG TECH PAP I PY 2016 VL 59 BP 430 EP U604 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF5KK UT WOS:000382151400178 ER PT J AU Wu, H Huang, MY Tang, QH Kirschbaum, DB Ward, P AF Wu, Huan Huang, Maoyi Tang, Qiuhong Kirschbaum, Dalia B. Ward, Philip TI Hydrometeorological Hazards: Monitoring, Forecasting, Risk Assessment, and Socioeconomic Responses SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SATELLITE-BASED RAINFALL; GLOBAL FLOOD RISK; MODEL; FRAMEWORK C1 [Wu, Huan] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wu, Huan; Kirschbaum, Dalia B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Huang, Maoyi] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Tang, Qiuhong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ward, Philip] Vrije Univ, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Wu, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Wu, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM huanwu@umd.edu RI Huang, Maoyi/I-8599-2012; Ward, Philip/E-6208-2010; Wu, Huan/K-1003-2013 OI Huang, Maoyi/0000-0001-9154-9485; Wu, Huan/0000-0003-2920-8860 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2016 AR 2367939 DI 10.1155/2016/2367939 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DW3BV UT WOS:000383518000001 ER PT J AU Feng, S Lauvaux, T Newman, S Rao, P Ahmadov, R Deng, AJ Diaz-Isaac, LI Duren, RM Fischer, ML Gerbig, C Gurney, KR Huang, JH Jeong, S Li, ZJ Miller, CE O'Keeffe, D Patarasuk, R Sander, SP Song, Y Wong, KW Yung, YL AF Feng, Sha Lauvaux, Thomas Newman, Sally Rao, Preeti Ahmadov, Ravan Deng, Aijun Diaz-Isaac, Liza I. Duren, Riley M. Fischer, Marc L. Gerbig, Christoph Gurney, Kevin R. Huang, Jianhua Jeong, Seongeun Li, Zhijin Miller, Charles E. O'Keeffe, Darragh Patarasuk, Risa Sander, Stanley P. Song, Yang Wong, Kam W. Yung, Yuk L. TI Los Angeles megacity: a high-resolution land-atmosphere modelling system for urban CO2 emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; CANOPY MODEL; ERROR CHARACTERIZATION; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HEAT-ISLAND; WRF-VPRM; CALIFORNIA; SCALE; SIMULATIONS AB Megacities are major sources of anthropogenic fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions. The spatial extents of these large urban systems cover areas of 10 000 km(2) or more with complex topography and changing landscapes. We present a high-resolution land-atmosphere modelling system for urban CO2 emissions over the Los Angeles (LA) megacity area. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)Chem model was coupled to a very high-resolution FFCO2 emission product, Hestia-LA, to simulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations across the LA megacity at spatial resolutions as fine as similar to 1 km. We evaluated multiple WRF configurations, selecting one that minimized errors in wind speed, wind direction, and boundary layer height as evaluated by its performance against meteorological data collected during the CalNex-LA campaign (May-June 2010). Our results show no significant difference between moderate-resolution (4 km) and high-resolution (1.3 km) simulations when evaluated against surface meteorological data, but the highresolution configurations better resolved planetary boundary layer heights and vertical gradients in the horizontal mean winds. We coupled our WRF configuration with the Vul-can 2.2 (10 km resolution) and Hestia-LA (1.3 km resolution) fossil fuel CO2 emission products to evaluate the impact of the spatial resolution of the CO2 emission products and the meteorological transport model on the representation of spatiotemporal variability in simulated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We find that high spatial resolution in the fossil fuel CO2 emissions is more important than in the atmospheric model to capture CO2 concentration variability across the LA megacity. Finally, we present a novel approach that employs simultaneous correlations of the simulated atmospheric CO2 fields to qualitatively evaluate the greenhouse gas measurement network over the LA megacity. Spatial correlations in the atmospheric CO2 fields reflect the coverage of individual measurement sites when a statistically significant number of sites observe emissions from a specific source or location. We conclude that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the LA megacity are composed of multiple fine-scale plumes rather than a single homogenous urban dome. Furthermore, we conclude that FFCO2 emissions monitoring in the LA megacity requires FFCO2 emissions modelling with similar to 1 km resolution because coarser-resolution emissions modelling tends to overestimate the observational constraints on the emissions estimates. C1 [Feng, Sha] Univ Calif Los Angeles, JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Feng, Sha; Lauvaux, Thomas; Rao, Preeti; Duren, Riley M.; Li, Zhijin; Miller, Charles E.; Sander, Stanley P.; Wong, Kam W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lauvaux, Thomas; Deng, Aijun; Diaz-Isaac, Liza I.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, State Coll, PA USA. [Newman, Sally; Wong, Kam W.; Yung, Yuk L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ahmadov, Ravan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ahmadov, Ravan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Fischer, Marc L.; Jeong, Seongeun] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Gerbig, Christoph] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Hans Knoll Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Gurney, Kevin R.; Huang, Jianhua; O'Keeffe, Darragh; Patarasuk, Risa; Song, Yang] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Feng, Sha] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Feng, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; Feng, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Feng, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sfeng@psu.edu RI Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; FU NASA; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Caltech/JPL President & Director's Research and Development Fund; NIST [70NANB14H321]; US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX A portion of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The Megacities Carbon Project is sponsored in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Sally Newman acknowledges funding from the Caltech/JPL President & Director's Research and Development Fund. Kevin R. Gurney thanks NIST grant 70NANB14H321. Ravan Ahmadov was supported by the US Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality. Seongeun Jeong and Marc L. Fischer acknowledge the support by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, Office of Science, of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Thanks to W. Angevine at NOAA for radar wind profiler data, K. Aikin at NOAA for Aircraft WP-3D data, and B. Lefer at University of Houston for ceilometer data. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 14 BP 9019 EP 9045 DI 10.5194/acp-16-9019-2016 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT1AE UT WOS:000381213300016 ER PT J AU Welp, LR Patra, PK Rodenbeck, C Nemani, R Bi, J Piper, SC Keeling, RF AF Welp, Lisa R. Patra, Prabir K. Roedenbeck, Christian Nemani, Rama Bi, Jian Piper, Stephen C. Keeling, Ralph F. TI Increasing summer net CO2 uptake in high northern ecosystems inferred from atmospheric inversions and comparisons to remote-sensing NDVI SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CANADA BOREAL FORESTS; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEASONAL CYCLE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE DATA; TIME-SERIES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; PERMAFROST CARBON AB Warmer temperatures and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last several decades have been credited with increasing vegetation activity and photosynthetic uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere in the high northern latitude ecosystems: the boreal forest and arctic tundra. At the same time, soils in the region have been warming, permafrost is melting, fire frequency and severity are increasing, and some regions of the boreal forest are showing signs of stress due to drought or insect disturbance. The recent trends in net carbon balance of these ecosystems, across heterogeneous disturbance patterns, and the future implications of these changes are unclear. Here, we examine CO2 fluxes from northern boreal and tundra regions from 1985 to 2012, estimated from two atmospheric inversions (RIGC and Jena). Both used measured atmospheric CO2 concentrations and wind fields from interannually variable climate reanalysis. In the arctic zone, the latitude region above 60 degrees N excluding Europe (10 degrees W-63 degrees E), neither inversion finds a significant long-term trend in annual CO2 balance. The boreal zone, the latitude region from approximately 50-60 degrees N, again excluding Europe, showed a trend of 8-11 Tg C yr(-2) over the common period of validity from 1986 to 2006, resulting in an annual CO2 sink in 2006 that was 170-230 Tg C yr(-1) larger than in 1986. This trend appears to continue through 2012 in the Jena inversion as well. In both latitudinal zones, the seasonal amplitude of monthly CO2 fluxes increased due to increased uptake in summer, and in the arctic zone also due to increased fall CO2 release. These findings suggest that the boreal zone has been maintaining and likely increasing CO2 sink strength over this period, despite browning trends in some regions and changes in fire frequency and land use. Meanwhile, the arctic zone shows that increased summer CO2 uptake, consistent with strong greening trends, is offset by increased fall CO2 release, resulting in a net neutral trend in annual fluxes. The inversion fluxes from the arctic and boreal zones covering the permafrost regions showed no indication of a large-scale positive climate-carbon feedback caused by warming temperatures on high northern latitude terrestrial CO2 fluxes from 1985 to 2012. C1 [Welp, Lisa R.; Bi, Jian; Piper, Stephen C.; Keeling, Ralph F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Patra, Prabir K.] Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Japan. [Roedenbeck, Christian] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Nemani, Rama] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Welp, Lisa R.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Welp, LR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Welp, LR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lwelp@purdue.edu RI Patra, Prabir/B-5206-2009 OI Patra, Prabir/0000-0001-5700-9389 FU NASA [NNX11AF36G]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0005090, DE-SC0012167]; NSF [PLR-1304270]; UC Multiple Campus Award [UCSCMCA-14-015]; MEXT Arctic GRENE [5] FX We thank R. J. Andres for useful discussion on the trends and distributions of fossil fuel CO2 emissions, and NOAA/ESRL/GMD and collaborating institutions for their contributions to the GLOBALVIEW-CO2 product. This project was supported by NASA under award NNX11AF36G, the US Department of Energy under awards DE-SC0005090 and DE-SC0012167, the NSF under award PLR-1304270, and the UC Multiple Campus Award Number UCSCMCA-14-015. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NASA, the NSF, the DOE, or UC. Prabir K. Patra was partially supported by MEXT Arctic GRENE (ID 5). NR 119 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 14 BP 9047 EP 9066 DI 10.5194/acp-16-9047-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT1AE UT WOS:000381213300017 ER PT J AU Walter, C Freitas, SR Kottmeier, C Kraut, I Rieger, D Vogel, H Vogel, B AF Walter, Carolin Freitas, Saulo R. Kottmeier, Christoph Kraut, Isabel Rieger, Daniel Vogel, Heike Vogel, Bernhard TI The importance of plume rise on the concentrations and atmospheric impacts of biomass burning aerosol SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; FIRE RADIATIVE POWER; SMOKE-INJECTION; CLOUD FORMATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COSMO-ART; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; MODIS OBSERVATIONS; MODEL DESCRIPTION AB We quantified the effects of the plume rise of biomass burning aerosol and gases for the forest fires that occurred in Saskatchewan, Canada, in July 2010. For this purpose, simulations with different assumptions regarding the plume rise and the vertical distribution of the emissions were conducted. Based on comparisons with observations, applying a one-dimensional plume rise model to predict the injection layer in combination with a parametrization of the vertical distribution of the emissions outperforms approaches in which the plume heights are initially predefined. Approximately 30% of the fires exceed the height of 2 km with a maximum height of 8.6 km. Using this plume rise model, comparisons with satellite images in the visible spectral range show a very good agreement between the simulated and observed spatial distributions of the biomass burning plume. The simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) with data of an AERONET station is in good agreement with respect to the absolute values and the timing of the maximum. Comparison of the vertical distribution of the biomass burning aerosol with CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) retrievals also showed the best agreement when the plume rise model was applied. We found that downwelling surface short-wave radiation below the forest fire plume is reduced by up to 50% and that the 2m temperature is decreased by up to 6 K. In addition, we simulated a strong change in atmospheric stability within the biomass burning plume. C1 [Walter, Carolin; Kottmeier, Christoph; Kraut, Isabel; Rieger, Daniel; Vogel, Heike; Vogel, Bernhard] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Freitas, Saulo R.] Natl Inst Space Res, CPTEC Ctr Weather Forecasts & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. [Freitas, Saulo R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Freitas, Saulo R.] NASA, USRA, GESTAR, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Walter, C (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM carolin.walter@kit.edu RI Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; Vogel, Bernhard/A-9558-2013 OI Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; FU NASA/HQ FX Thanks to I. Abboud and V. Fioletov for their effort in establishing and maintaining the AERONET site Bratts Lake. Thanks to J. Kaiser and S. Remy at ECMWF for providing the GFASv1.1 data set. We acknowledge the use of Rapid Response imagery from the Land Atmosphere Near-real time Capability for EOS (LANCE) system operated by the NASA/GSFC/Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) with funding provided by NASA/HQ. The CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 14 BP 9201 EP 9219 DI 10.5194/acp-16-9201-2016 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT1AE UT WOS:000381213300025 ER PT J AU Granados-Munoz, MJ Leblanc, T AF Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose Leblanc, Thierry TI Tropospheric ozone seasonal and long-term variability as seen by lidar and surface measurements at the JPL-Table Mountain Facility, California SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; INCREASING OZONE; MIXING RATIOS AB A combined surface and tropospheric ozone climatology and interannual variability study was performed for the first time using co-located ozone photometer measurements (2013-2015) and tropospheric ozone differential absorption lidar measurements (2000-2015) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Table Mountain Facility (TMF; elev. 2285 m), in California. The surface time series were investigated both in terms of seasonal and diurnal variability. The observed surface ozone is typical of high-elevation remote sites, with small amplitude of the seasonal and diurnal cycles, and high ozone values, compared to neighboring lower altitude stations representative of urban boundary layer conditions. The ozone mixing ratio ranges from 45 ppbv in the winter morning hours to 65 ppbv in the spring and summer afternoon hours. At the time of the lidar measurements (early night), the seasonal cycle observed at the surface is similar to that observed by lidar between 3.5 and 9 km. Above 9 km, the local tropopause height variation with time and season impacts significantly the ozone lidar observations. The frequent tropopause folds found in the vicinity of TMF (27% of the time, mostly in winter and spring) produce a dual-peak vertical structure in ozone within the fold layer, characterized by higher-than-average values in the bottom half of the fold (12-14 km), and lower-than-averaged values in the top half of the fold (14-18 km). This structure is consistent with the expected origin of the air parcels within the fold, i.e., mid-latitude stratospheric air folding down below the upper tropospheric sub-tropical air. The influence of the tropopause folds extends down to 5 km, increasing the ozone content in the troposphere. No significant signature of interannual variability could be observed on the 2000-2015 de-seasonalized lidar time series, with only a statistically non-significant positive anomaly during the years 2003-2007. Our trend analysis reveals however an overall statistically significant positive trend of 0.3 ppbv year(-1) (0.6 %) in the free troposphere (7-10 km) for the period 2000-2015. A classification of the air parcels sampled by lidar was made at 1 km intervals between 5 and 14 km altitude, using 12-day backward trajectories (HYSPLIT, Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model). Our classification revealed the influence of the Pacific Ocean, with air parcels of low ozone content (43-60 ppbv below 9 km), and significant influence of the stratosphere leading to ozone values of 57-83 ppbv down to 8-9 km. In summer, enhanced ozone values (76 ppbv at 9 km) were found in air parcels originating from Central America, probably due to the enhanced thunderstorm activity during the North American Monsoon. Influence from Asia was observed throughout the year, with more frequent episodes during spring, associated with ozone values from 53 to 63 ppbv at 9 km. C1 [Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose; Leblanc, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. RP Granados-Munoz, MJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. EM mamunoz@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program FX The work described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a Caltech Postdoctoral Fellowship sponsored by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program. Support for the lidar, surface and ozonesonde measurements was provided by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. The authors would like to thank M. Brewer, T. Grigsby, J. Howe and members of the JPL lidar team, who assisted in the collection of the data used here. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) and the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis team for the data used in this publication. We would also like to thank Susan Strahan and the MERRA Reanalysis team for providing the data used in this study and to acknowledge the California Air Resources Board for providing the surface ozone data. NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 14 BP 9299 EP 9319 DI 10.5194/acp-16-9299-2016 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT1AE UT WOS:000381213300030 ER PT J AU Kaiser, J Skog, KM Baumann, K Bertman, SB Brown, SB Brune, WH Crounse, JD de Gouw, JA Edgerton, ES Feiner, PA Goldstein, AH Koss, A Misztal, PK Nguyen, TB Olson, KF St Clair, JM Teng, AP Toma, S Wennberg, PO Wild, RJ Zhang, L Keutsch, FN AF Kaiser, J. Skog, K. M. Baumann, K. Bertman, S. B. Brown, S. B. Brune, W. H. Crounse, J. D. de Gouw, J. A. Edgerton, E. S. Feiner, P. A. Goldstein, A. H. Koss, A. Misztal, P. K. Nguyen, T. B. Olson, K. F. St Clair, J. M. Teng, A. P. Toma, S. Wennberg, P. O. Wild, R. J. Zhang, L. Keutsch, F. N. TI Speciation of OH reactivity above the canopy of an isoprene-dominated forest SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AEROSOL FORMATION; PHOTOOXIDATION; MODEL; FIELD; PART; HYDROPEROXIDES AB Measurements of OH reactivity, the inverse lifetime of the OH radical, can provide a top-down estimate of the total amount of reactive carbon in an air mass. Using a comprehensive measurement suite, we examine the measured and modeled OH reactivity above an isoprene-dominated forest in the southeast United States during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) field campaign. Measured and modeled species account for the vast majority of average daytime reactivity (80-95 %) and a smaller portion of nighttime and early morning reactivity (68-80 %). The largest contribution to total reactivity consistently comes from primary biogenic emissions, with isoprene contributing similar to 60% in the afternoon, and similar to 30-40% at night and monoterpenes contributing similar to 15-25% at night. By comparing total reactivity to the reactivity stemming from isoprene alone, we find that similar to 20% of the discrepancy is temporally related to isoprene reactivity, and an additional constant similar to 1 s(-1) offset accounts for the remaining portion. The model typically overestimates measured OVOC concentrations, indicating that unmeasured oxidation products are unlikely to influence measured OH reactivity. Instead, we suggest that unmeasured primary emissions may influence the OH reactivity at this site. C1 [Kaiser, J.; Skog, K. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baumann, K.; Edgerton, E. S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. [Bertman, S. B.; Toma, S.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Brown, S. B.; de Gouw, J. A.; Koss, A.; Wild, R. J.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brown, S. B.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brune, W. H.; Feiner, P. A.; Zhang, L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Crounse, J. D.; Nguyen, T. B.; St Clair, J. M.; Teng, A. P.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Koss, A.; Wild, R. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Goldstein, A. H.; Misztal, P. K.; Olson, K. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kaiser, J.; Keutsch, F. N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Keutsch, F. N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [St Clair, J. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [St Clair, J. M.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Kaiser, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Kaiser, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jkaiser@seas.harvard.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Misztal, Pawel/B-8371-2009; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Misztal, Pawel/0000-0003-1060-1750; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; FU US EPA "Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program" Grant [83540601]; EPA STAR Grant [R835407]; NSF [AGS-1247421, 1628530]; NASA Headquarters under NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX14AK97H] FX The authors would like to acknowledge contribution from all members of the SOAS science team. Funding was provided by US EPA "Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program" Grant 83540601. A. H. Goldstein and P. K. Misztal acknowledge support from EPA STAR Grant R835407. This research has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Additional funding was provided by NSF-grant AGS-1247421 and 1628530. J. Kaiser acknowledges support from NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program - Grant NNX14AK97H. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 14 BP 9349 EP 9359 DI 10.5194/acp-16-9349-2016 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT1AE UT WOS:000381213300032 ER PT J AU Alvarado, MJ Lonsdale, CR Macintyre, HL Bian, HS Chin, M Ridley, DA Heald, CL Thornhill, KL Anderson, BE Cubison, MJ Jimenez, JL Kondo, Y Sahu, LK Dibb, JE Wang, C AF Alvarado, Matthew J. Lonsdale, Chantelle R. Macintyre, Helen L. Bian, Huisheng Chin, Mian Ridley, David A. Heald, Colette L. Thornhill, Kenneth L. Anderson, Bruce E. Cubison, Michael J. Jimenez, Jose L. Kondo, Yutaka Sahu, Lokesh K. Dibb, Jack E. Wang, Chien TI Evaluating model parameterizations of submicron aerosol scattering and absorption with in situ data from ARCTAS 2008 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; BLACK CARBON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BROWN CARBON; ORGANIC AEROSOL; GOCART MODEL; MIXING STATE; TRACE-P; PHOTOLYSIS FREQUENCIES AB Accurate modeling of the scattering and absorption of ultraviolet and visible radiation by aerosols is essential for accurate simulations of atmospheric chemistry and climate. Closure studies using in situ measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption can be used to evaluate and improve models of aerosol optical properties without interference from model errors in aerosol emissions, transport, chemistry, or deposition rates. Here we evaluate the ability of four externally mixed, fixed size distribution parameterizations used in global models to simulate submicron aerosol scattering and absorption at three wavelengths using in situ data gathered during the 2008 Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) campaign. The four models are the NASA Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Combo model, GEOS-Chem v9-02, the baseline configuration of a version of GEOS-Chem with online radiative transfer calculations (called GC-RT), and the Optical Properties of Aerosol and Clouds (OPAC v3.1) package. We also use the ARCTAS data to perform the first evaluation of the ability of the Aerosol Simulation Program (ASP v2.1) to simulate submicron aerosol scattering and absorption when in situ data on the aerosol size distribution are used, and examine the impact of different mixing rules for black carbon (BC) on the results. We find that the GMI model tends to overestimate submicron scattering and absorption at shorter wavelengths by 10-23 %, and that GMI has smaller absolute mean biases for submicron absorption than OPAC v3.1, GEOS-Chem v9-02, or GC-RT. However, the changes to the density and refractive index of BC in GC-RT improve the simulation of submicron aerosol absorption at all wavelengths relative to GEOS-Chem v9-02. Adding a variable size distribution, as in ASP v2.1, improves model performance for scattering but not for absorption, likely due to the assumption in ASP v2.1 that BC is present at a constant mass fraction throughout the aerosol size distribution. Using a core-shell mixing rule in ASP overestimates aerosol absorption, especially for the fresh biomass burning aerosol measured in ARCTAS-B, suggesting the need for modeling the time-varying mixing states of aerosols in future versions of ASP. C1 [Alvarado, Matthew J.; Lonsdale, Chantelle R.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. [Macintyre, Helen L.; Wang, Chien] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bian, Huisheng] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Joint Ctr Earth Syst, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Bian, Huisheng; Chin, Mian] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Ridley, David A.; Heald, Colette L.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Heald, Colette L.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Thornhill, Kenneth L.; Anderson, Bruce E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Cubison, Michael J.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cubison, Michael J.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kondo, Yutaka; Sahu, Lokesh K.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Dibb, Jack E.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dibb, Jack E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Macintyre, Helen L.] Publ Hlth England, Chilton, Oxon, England. [Cubison, Michael J.] Tofwerk AG, Thun, Switzerland. RP Alvarado, MJ (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. EM malvarad@aer.com RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; FU NASA [NNX11AN72G, NN14AP38G, NNX15AT96G, NNX15AH33A, NNX08AH69G]; NSF [AGS-1144165] FX The authors thank the other members of the ARCTAS Science Team. We also thank Rodney Weber of the Georgia Institute of Technology for the use of his PILS data, as well as Christopher Cappa of the University of California - Davis and Manvendra Dubey of Los Alamos National Laboratory for their helpful comments. This analysis and associated updates to the ASP model were funded under NASA Grant NNX11AN72G to M. J. Alvarado, C. R. Lonsdale, H. L. Macintyre, H. Bian, M. Chin, and C. Wang, as well as NSF Grant AGS-1144165 to M. J. Alvarado and C. R. Lonsdale. D. A. Ridley and C. L. Heald were partially supported by NASA grant NN14AP38G. J. L. Jimenez was partially supported by NASA NNX15AT96G and NNX15AH33A. The contribution of JED to ARCTAS was supported by NASA grant NNX08AH69G. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 14 BP 9435 EP 9455 DI 10.5194/acp-16-9435-2016 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT1AE UT WOS:000381213300037 ER PT J AU Woiwode, W Hopfner, M Bi, L Pitts, MC Poole, LR Oelhaf, H Molleker, S Borrmann, S Klingebiel, M Belyaev, G Ebersoldt, A Griessbach, S Grooss, JU Gulde, T Kramer, M Maucher, G Piesch, C Rolf, C Sartorius, C Spang, R Orphal, J AF Woiwode, Wolfgang Hoepfner, Michael Bi, Lei Pitts, Michael C. Poole, Lamont R. Oelhaf, Hermann Molleker, Sergej Borrmann, Stephan Klingebiel, Marcus Belyaev, Gennady Ebersoldt, Andreas Griessbach, Sabine Grooss, Jens-Uwe Gulde, Thomas Kraemer, Martina Maucher, Guido Piesch, Christof Rolf, Christian Sartorius, Christian Spang, Reinhold Orphal, Johannes TI Spectroscopic evidence of large aspherical beta-NAT particles involved in denitrification in the December 2011 Arctic stratosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; T-MATRIX METHOD; LARGE HNO3-CONTAINING PARTICLES; COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; VAPOR-PRESSURES; DIHYDRATE NAD; POLAR VORTEX; MID-IR AB We analyze polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) signatures in airborne MIPAS-STR (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding -STRatospheric aircraft) observations in the spectral regions from 725 to 990 and 1150 to 1350 cm(-1) under conditions suitable for the existence of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) above northern Scandinavia on 11 December 2011. The high-resolution infrared limb emission spectra of MIPAS-STR show a characteristic "shoulder-like" signature in the spectral region around 820 cm(-1), which is attributed to the v(2) symmetric deformation mode of NO3- in beta-NAT. Using radiative transfer calculations involving Mie and T-Matrix methods, the spectral signatures of spherical and aspherical particles are simulated. The simulations are constrained using collocated in situ particle measurements. Simulations assuming highly aspherical spheroids with aspect ratios (AR) of 0.1 or 10.0 and a lognormal particle mode with a mode radius of 4.8 mu m reproduce the observed spectra to a high degree. A smaller lognormal mode with a mode radius of 2.0 mu m, which is also taken into account, plays only a minor role. Within the scenarios analyzed, the best overall agreement is found for elongated spheroids with AR = 0.1. Simulations of spherical particles and spheroids with AR = 0.5 and 2.0 return results very similar to each other and do not allow us to reproduce the signature around 820 cm(-1). The observed "shoulder-like" signature is explained by the combination of the absorption/emission and scattering characteristics of large highly aspherical beta-NAT particles. The size distribution supported by our results corresponds to similar to 9 ppbv of gas-phase equivalent HNO3 at the flight altitude of similar to 18.5 km. The results are compared with the size distributions derived from the in situ observations, a corresponding Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulation, and excess gas-phase HNO3 observed in a nitrification layer directly below the observed PSC. The presented results suggest that large highly aspherical beta-NAT particles involved in denitrification of the polar stratosphere can be identified by means of passive infrared limb emission measurements. C1 [Woiwode, Wolfgang; Hoepfner, Michael; Oelhaf, Hermann; Gulde, Thomas; Maucher, Guido; Piesch, Christof; Sartorius, Christian; Orphal, Johannes] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Bi, Lei] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Pitts, Michael C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Poole, Lamont R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Molleker, Sergej; Borrmann, Stephan] Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, Mainz, Germany. [Borrmann, Stephan; Klingebiel, Marcus] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphere IPA, Mainz, Germany. [Belyaev, Gennady] Myasishchev Design Bur, Zhukovskii 5, Moscow Region, Russia. [Ebersoldt, Andreas] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Data Proc & Elect, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Griessbach, Sabine] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Julich Supercomp Ctr JSC, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Grooss, Jens-Uwe; Kraemer, Martina; Rolf, Christian; Spang, Reinhold] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Energy & Climate Res IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Bi, Lei] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Klingebiel, Marcus] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Atmosphere Earth Syst Dept, Hamburg, Germany. RP Woiwode, W (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM wolfgang.woiwode@kit.edu RI Borrmann, Stephan/E-3868-2010; Rolf, Christian/K-5275-2016; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/A-7315-2013; Kramer, Martina/A-7482-2013; Spang, Reinhold/A-2738-2013; Bi, Lei/B-9242-2011 OI Rolf, Christian/0000-0001-5329-0054; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-9485-866X; Spang, Reinhold/0000-0002-2483-5761; FU European Space Agency/Mission Science Division under the ESSenCe project; JUROPA at Julich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) under VSR project [JICG11]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Open Access Publishing Fund of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association FX The authors thank Myasishchev Design Bureau and the ESSenCe coordination team for a successful Geophysica field campaign. ESSenCe was supported by the European Space Agency/Mission Science Division under the ESSenCe project (Technical Assistance for the Deployment of Airborne Limbsounders during ESSenCe). W. Woiwode is grateful to the Karlsruhe House for Young Scientists for supporting a 5-month research stay at NASA Langley airborne Research Center (NASA LaRC, Hampton, USA), and thanks M. C. Pitts and L. R. Poole from the CALIPSO PSC team for a great and productive time at NASA LaRC. We thank M. I. Mishchenko (NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, USA) for helpful recommendations and providing the contact with L. Bi (Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA, now at School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China), who performed the extensive IIM C SOV T-Matrix calculations. For calculations for moderately aspherical particles, we used the double-precision T-Matrix code for randomly oriented nonspherical particles provided by M. I. Mishchenko, L. D. Travis, and D. W. Mackowski at http://www.giss.nasa.gov/staff/mmishchenko/t_matrix.html. The data set for the simulation of highly aspherical fi-NAT particles used here is available from L. Bi (bilei@zju.edu.cn). We thank U. M. Biermann, L. J. Richwine, R. F. Niedziela, and A. Y. Zasetsky for providing the refractive indices of beta-NAT, alpha-NAT, STS, NAD, and ice. The CLaMS simulation was performed using computing time granted on the supercomputer JUROPA at Julich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) under VSR project ID JICG11. We thank EM-CWF for the data used for the MIPAS-STR retrievals, the CLaMS simulation, and the potential vorticity map. We thank Wyoming Atmospheric Soundings (Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, USA) for providing the radiosonde data (see http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html). We acknowledge the Physical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA, for providing the sea surface temperature data (see http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). We thank R. Muller (Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Germany) for helpful comments. We thank two anonymous referees, H. Grothe, and M. J. Rossi for helpful comments. We acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Open Access Publishing Fund of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.; The article processing charges for this open-access publication were covered by a Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 14 BP 9505 EP 9532 DI 10.5194/acp-16-9505-2016 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT1AE UT WOS:000381213300040 ER PT J AU Usui, T Bouvier, A Simon, JI Kita, N AF Usui, Tomohiro Bouvier, Audrey Simon, Justin I. Kita, Noriko TI Preface: Evolution of the early solar system: Presolar cosmochemical fingerprints and the formation of watery rocky planets SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Usui, Tomohiro] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Bouvier, Audrey] Univ Western Ontario, Ctr Planetary Sci & Explorat, Dept Earth Sci, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Simon, Justin I.] NASA, Ctr Isotope Cosmochem & Geochronol, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Directorate, Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code KR111,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Kita, Noriko] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Usui, T (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. EM tomohirousui@geo.titech.ac.jp NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN SN 0016-7002 EI 1880-5973 J9 GEOCHEM J JI Geochem. J. PY 2016 VL 50 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.2343/geochemj.2.0416 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DV9JO UT WOS:000383256900001 ER PT J AU Holzmann, GJ AF Holzmann, Gerard J. TI Tiny Tools SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Holzmann, Gerard J.] NASA JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Holzmann, GJ (reprint author), NASA JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gholzmann@acm.org NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 EI 1937-4194 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 33 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA DV7BF UT WOS:000383090100005 ER PT S AU D'Souza, AI Robinson, E Masterjohn, S Khalap, V Bhargava, S Rangel, E Babu, S Smith, DS AF D'Souza, A. I. Robinson, E. Masterjohn, S. Khalap, V. Bhargava, S. Rangel, E. Babu, S. Smith, D. S. BE Dhar, NK Dutta, AK TI Detectors and Focal Plane Modules for Weather Instruments SO IMAGE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES: MATERIALS, DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Sensing Technologies - Materials, Devices, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INFRARED PHOTODIODES; DEVICE PERFORMANCE; HGCDTE MATERIAL; PHOTO-DIODES; NOISE AB Weather satellite instruments require detectors with a variety of wavelengths ranging from the visible to VLWIR. The Cross-track infrared Sounder (CrIS) is a Polar Orbiting interferometric sensor that measures earth radiances at high spectral resolution, using the data to provide pressure, temperature and moisture profiles of the atmosphere. The pressure, temperature and moisture sounding data are used in weather prediction models that track storms, predict levels of precipitation etc. The CrIS instrument contains SWIR (lambda(c) similar to 5 mu m at 98 K), MWIR (lambda(c) similar to 9 mu m at 98 K) and LWIRs (lambda(c) similar to 15.4 mu m at 81 K) bands in three Focal Plane Array Assemblies (FPAAs). CrIS detectors are 850 mu m diameter detectors with each FPAA consisting of nine photovoltaic detectors arranged in a 3 x 3 pattern. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown Hg1-xCdxTe material are used for the detectors fabricated in a modified Double Layer Planar Heterostructure (DLPH) architecture. Each detector has an accompanying cold preamplifier. SWIR and MWIR FPAAs operate at 98 K and the LWIR FPAA at 81 K, permitting the use of passive radiators to cool the detectors. D* requirements at peak 14.01 mu m wavelength are >= 5.0E+10 Jones for LWIR, >= 7.5E+10 Jones at 8.26 mu m for MWIR and >= 3.0E+11 Jones at peak 4.64 mu m wavelength for SWIR. All FPAAs exceeded the D* requirements. Measured mean values for the nine photodiodes in each of the LWIR, MWIR and SWIR FPAAs are D* = 5.3 x 10(10) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 14.0 mu m, 9.6 x 10(10) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 8.0 mu m and 3.4 x 10(11) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 4.64 mu m. C1 [D'Souza, A. I.; Robinson, E.; Masterjohn, S.; Khalap, V.] DRS Adv ISR, 10600 Valley View St, Cypress, CA 90630 USA. [Bhargava, S.; Rangel, E.] Teledyne Imaging Syst, Camarillo, CA USA. [Babu, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Smith, D. S.] Harris Corp, 1919 W Cook Rd, Ft Wayne, IN 46818 USA. RP D'Souza, AI (reprint author), DRS Adv ISR, 10600 Valley View St, Cypress, CA 90630 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0095-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9854 AR UNSP 98540H DI 10.1117/12.2229414 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF6DH UT WOS:000382988000012 ER PT J AU Schleeweis, K Goward, SN Huang, CQ Dwyer, JL Dungan, JL Lindsey, MA Michaelis, A Rishmawi, K Masek, JG AF Schleeweis, Karen Goward, Samuel N. Huang, Chengquan Dwyer, John L. Dungan, Jennifer L. Lindsey, Mary A. Michaelis, Andrew Rishmawi, Khaldoun Masek, Jeffery G. TI Selection and quality assessment of Landsat data for the North American forest dynamics forest history maps of the US SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE Landsat; forest cover change; time-series mapping; forest disturbance; North American forest dynamics; nasa earth exchange ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COVER CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; SATELLITE DATA; CLOUD SHADOW; DATA SET; IMAGERY; OPPORTUNITIES; CONTINUITY; MISSION AB Using the NASA Earth Exchange platform, the North American Forest Dynamics ( NAFD) project mapped forest history wall-to-wall, annually for the contiguous US ( 1986-2010) using the Vegetation Change Tracker algorithm. As with any effort to identify real changes in remotely sensed time-series, data gaps, shifts in seasonality, misregistration, inconsistent radiometry and cloud contamination can be sources of error. We discuss the NAFD image selection and processing stream ( NISPS) that was designed to minimize these sources of error. The NISPS image quality assessments highlighted issues with the Landsat archive and metadata including inadequate georegistration, unreliability of the pre-2009 L5 cloud cover assessments algorithm, missing growing-season imagery and paucity of clear views. Assessment maps of Landsat 5-7 image quantities and qualities are presented that offer novel perspectives on the growing-season archive considered for this study. Over 150,000+ Landsat images were considered for the NAFD project. Optimally, one high quality cloud-free image in each year or a total of 12,152 images would be used. However, to accommodate data gaps and cloud/ shadow contamination 23,338 images were needed. In 220 specific path-row image years no acceptable images were found resulting in data gaps in the annual national map products. C1 [Schleeweis, Karen] US Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Goward, Samuel N.; Huang, Chengquan; Rishmawi, Khaldoun] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dwyer, John L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Dungan, Jennifer L.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Lindsey, Mary A.] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Washington, DC USA. [Michaelis, Andrew] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Univ Corp Monterey Bay, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Masek, Jeffery G.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Schleeweis, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM kgschleeweis@fs.fed.us OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896 FU NASA's Carbon Cycle Science and Applied Sciences Programs [NNX11AJ78G] FX This study contributes to the North American Carbon Program, with grant support from NASA's Carbon Cycle Science and Applied Sciences Programs [NNX11AJ78G]. Previous NASA NACP grants [NNG05GE55G] and [NNX08AI26G] were critical in developing the foundations of the current NISPS. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 EI 1753-8955 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PY 2016 VL 9 IS 10 BP 963 EP 980 DI 10.1080/17538947.2016.1158876 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA DV5IR UT WOS:000382961000003 ER PT S AU Juarez, PD Cramer, KE Seebo, JP AF Juarez, Peter D. Cramer, K. Elliott Seebo, Jeffrey P. BE Zalameda, JN Bison, P TI Advances in In Situ Inspection of Automated Fiber Placement Systems SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVIII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE, FLIR Syst Inc, IRCameras LLC DE Automated Fiber Placement; Manufacturing defects; Thermography AB Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) systems have been developed to help take advantage of the tailorability of composite structures in aerospace applications. AFP systems allow the repeatable placement of uncured, spool fed, preimpregnated carbon fiber tape (tows) onto substrates in desired thicknesses and orientations. This automated process can incur defects, such as overlapping tow lines, which can severely undermine the structural integrity of the part. Current defect detection and abatement methods are very labor intensive, and still mostly rely on human manual inspection. Proposed is a thermographic in situ inspection technique which monitors tow placement with an on board thermal camera using the preheated substrate as a through transmission heat source. An investigation of the concept is conducted, and preliminary laboratory results are presented. Also included will be a brief overview of other emerging technologies that tackle the same issue. C1 [Juarez, Peter D.; Cramer, K. Elliott] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Seebo, Jeffrey P.] Analyt Mech Associates Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Juarez, PD (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0102-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9861 AR UNSP 986109 DI 10.1117/12.2223028 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF6DU UT WOS:000382994300007 ER PT S AU Taminger, KM Domack, CS Zalameda, JN Taminger, BL Hafley, RA Burke, ER AF Taminger, Karen M. Domack, Christopher S. Zalameda, Joseph N. Taminger, Brian L. Hafley, Robert A. Burke, Eric R. BE Zalameda, JN Bison, P TI In-Process Thermal Imaging of the Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication Process SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVIII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE, FLIR Syst Inc, IRCameras LLC DE Electron beam; additive manufacturing; thermal imaging; near infrared (NIR); short wave infrared (SWIR); image analysis; closed-loop control; nondestructive evaluation AB Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center have been developing the Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (EBF3) metal additive manufacturing process for the past 15 years. In this process, an electron beam is used as a heat source to create a small molten pool on a substrate into which wire is fed. The electron beam and wire feed assembly are translated with respect to the substrate to follow a predetermined tool path. This process is repeated in a layer-wise fashion to fabricate metal structural components. In-process imaging has been integrated into the EBF3 system using a near-infrared (NIR) camera. The images are processed to provide thermal and spatial measurements that have been incorporated into a closed-loop control system to maintain consistent thermal conditions throughout the build. Other information in the thermal images is being used to assess quality in real time by detecting flaws in prior layers of the deposit. NIR camera incorporation into the system has improved the consistency of the deposited material and provides the potential for real-time flaw detection which, ultimately, could lead to the manufacture of better, more reliable components using this additive manufacturing process. C1 [Taminger, Karen M.; Zalameda, Joseph N.; Hafley, Robert A.; Burke, Eric R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Domack, Christopher S.; Taminger, Brian L.] Analyt Mech Associates Inc, 21 Enterprise Pkwy,Suite 300, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Taminger, KM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM karen.m.taminger@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0102-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9861 AR UNSP 986102 DI 10.1117/12.2222439 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF6DU UT WOS:000382994300002 ER PT S AU Winfree, WP Zalameda, JN Howell, PA Cramer, KE AF Winfree, William P. Zalameda, Joseph N. Howell, Patricia A. Cramer, K. Elliott BE Zalameda, JN Bison, P TI Simulation of Thermographic Responses of Delaminations in Composites with Quadrupole Method SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVIII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE, FLIR Syst Inc, IRCameras LLC DE thermography; composite; nondestructive evaluation; simulation ID PULSED THERMOGRAPHY AB The application of the quadrupole method for simulating thermal responses of delaminations in carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites materials is presented. The method solves for the flux at the interface containing the delamination. From the interface flux, the temperature at the surface is calculated. While the results presented are for single sided measurements, with flash heating, expansion of the technique to arbitrary temporal flux heating or through transmission measurements is simple. The quadrupole method is shown to have two distinct advantages relative to finite element or finite difference techniques. First, it is straight forward to incorporate arbitrary shaped delaminations into the simulation. Second, the quadrupole method enables calculation of the thermal response at only the times of interest. This, combined with a significant reduction in the number of degrees of freedom for the same simulation quality, results in a reduction of the computation time by at least an order of magnitude. Therefore, it is a more viable technique for model based inversion of thermographic data. Results for simulations of delaminations in composites are presented and compared to measurements and finite element method results. C1 [Winfree, William P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 225, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Zalameda, Joseph N.; Howell, Patricia A.; Cramer, K. Elliott] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Winfree, WP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 225, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM william.p.winfree@nasa.gov; joseph.n.zalameda@nasa.gov; p.a.howell@nasa.gov; k.elliott.cramer@nasa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0102-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9861 AR UNSP 98610N DI 10.1117/12.2221994 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF6DU UT WOS:000382994300019 ER PT S AU Zalameda, JN Horne, MR Madaras, EI Burke, ER AF Zalameda, Joseph N. Horne, Michael R. Madaras, Eric I. Burke, Eric R. BE Zalameda, JN Bison, P TI Combining Passive Thermography and Acoustic Emission for Large Area Fatigue Damage Growth Assessment of a Composite Structure SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVIII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE, FLIR Syst Inc, IRCameras LLC DE Thermal nondestructive evaluation; fatigue damage detection; aerospace composite inspection; acoustic emission; passive thermography AB Passive thermography and acoustic emission data were obtained for improved real time damage detection during fatigue loading. A strong positive correlation was demonstrated between acoustic energy event location and thermal heating, especially if the structure under load was nearing ultimate failure. An image processing routine was developed to map the acoustic emission data onto the thermal imagery. This required removing optical barrel distortion and angular rotation from the thermal data. The acoustic emission data were then mapped onto thermal data, revealing the cluster of acoustic emission event locations around the thermal signatures of interest. By combining both techniques, progression of damage growth is confirmed and areas of failure are identified. This technology provides improved real time inspections of advanced composite structures during fatigue testing. C1 [Zalameda, Joseph N.; Madaras, Eric I.; Burke, Eric R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Horne, Michael R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zalameda, JN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM joseph.n.zalameda@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0102-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9861 AR UNSP 98610G DI 10.1117/12.2220402 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF6DU UT WOS:000382994300012 ER PT J AU Le Vine, DM Wentz, F Miessner, T Dinnat, EP Lagerloef, G AF Le Vine, D. M. Wentz, F. Miessner, T. Dinnat, E. P. Lagerloef, G. GP IEEE TI Status of Aquarius and the Salinity Retrieval SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ DE Remote Sensing; L-band; Salinity ID SURFACE SALINITY; RADIOMETER; SPACE AB Aquarius is a radiometer/scatterometer combination specifically designed for remote sensing of sea surface salinity. The instrument was launched on June 10, 2011 as part of the Aquarius/SAC-D observatory. The observatory and all instruments were lost on June 7, 2015 when a power failure on the satellite resulted in loss of control of the observatory. Mission operations have ended and the Aquarius science team is preparing a final reprocessing of the data. Among the improvements expected are correction for reflected radiation from the galaxy and an instrument-only correction for small leaves a legacy of almost 4 years of data that are unique for accuracy and the combined active/passive look at the surface. This paper reports the status of mission and preliminary results of a new development in calibration. C1 [Le Vine, D. M.; Dinnat, E. P.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wentz, F.; Miessner, T.] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA. [Dinnat, E. P.] Chapman Univ, Orange, CA 92866 USA. RP Le Vine, DM (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2951-8 PY 2016 BP 5 EP 8 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF5QG UT WOS:000382491900002 ER PT J AU Le Vine, DM Abraham, S AF Le Vine, David M. Abraham, Saji GP IEEE TI Faraday Rotation and the SMAP Radiometer SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ DE Faraday rotation; L-band; Remote sensing AB Faraday rotation is an issue to be taken into account in remote sensing from space at L-band. This is especially so for a conical scanner such as SMAP with a focus on soil moisture because the rotation angle varies with position around the scan and because the angle retrieved over land is noisy. Examples are reported. This is part of research to determine the accuracy of the retrieval of the rotation angle and the optimum way to deal with Faraday rotation over land. C1 [Le Vine, David M.] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Abraham, Saji] Wyle Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Le Vine, DM (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2951-8 PY 2016 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF5QG UT WOS:000382491900006 ER PT J AU Huffman, GJ Levizzani, V Ferraro, RR Turk, FJ Kidd, C AF Huffman, George J. Levizzani, Vincenzo Ferraro, Ralph R. Turk, F. Joseph Kidd, Christopher GP IEEE TI Requirements for a Robust Precipitation Constellation SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ DE precipitation; satellite constellation; sensor characteristics; precipitation retrievals; intercalibration AB Over the last 15 years the constellation of satellites carrying passive microwave (PMW) sensors has grown to a mature collection of almost a dozen satellites at any given time. Increasingly, a broad range of science and user communities have come to depend on the quasi-global precipitation analyses that intercalibrate and merge these individual PMW precipitation data streams. At present, the constellation of precipitation-relevant conical and cross-track scanning multichannel PMW instruments depends on many satellites past their design life and in continued operation by the responsible agencies. The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Water Strategy and subsequent discussions in Coordinating Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) and Committee on Earth Observing Systems (CEOS) have raised the issue of how a robust future precipitation constellation should be constructed. We discuss how retrievals are impacted by sensor resolution and channel diversity, the observation interval, and the use of a quasi-operational satellite precipitation radar for calibration. Specifically: 1) Sensor footprints larger than about 5-10 km start to introduce significant amounts of non-linearity in the retrievals, the so-called beam-filling problem. 2) Channel diversity has been shown to be necessary for covering the range of precipitation rates and types (liquid vs. solid). As well, diverse polarization at a given frequency is also important. 3) An observation interval less than three hours for every time around the day barely accommodates the required revist times for cloud-scale precipitating systems. 4) The precipitation radars on the precessing TRMM and GPM Core Observatory satellites have demonstrated the utility of routine calibration for precipitation estimates across all the PMW sensors (and in the case of GPM this is done for most of the Earth's climate zones). Such considerations are critical to the discussion on how to shift to a new, more diverse generation of precipitation-relevant sensors while preserving the characteristics that provide (and support continued innovation of) quality PMW retrievals and value-added products that many users find attractive. C1 [Huffman, George J.; Kidd, Christopher] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Levizzani, Vincenzo] CNR, ISAC, Bologna, Italy. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Turk, F. Joseph] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kidd, Christopher] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Huffman, GJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM george.j.huffman@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2951-8 PY 2016 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF5QG UT WOS:000382491900009 ER PT J AU Kangaslahti, P Schlecht, E Jiang, J Deal, WR Zamora, A Leong, K Reising, SC Bosch, X Ogut, M AF Kangaslahti, Pekka Schlecht, Erich Jiang, Jonathan Deal, William R. Zamora, Alex Leong, Kevin Reising, Steven C. Bosch, Xavier Ogut, Mehmet GP IEEE TI CubeSat Scale Receivers for Measurement of Ice in Clouds SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ DE InP MMIC; Low Noise Amplifier; Atmospheric Remote Sensing; mixers; millimeter-wave integrated circuits AB Global measurements of ice in clouds, both the amount and particle size distribution, are critically needed to reduce uncertainties in global climate models. The retrieval of this information is best achieved with a range of receiver channels across the submillimeter wave range. Advancement of low noise Indium Phosphide (InP) MMIC amplifier technology enabled us to develop miniature submillimeter-wave receivers for a CubeSat scale instrument that achieves 6 km spatial resolution. The heritage of InP MMICs includes continuous operation for four years in the PLANCK Low Frequency Instrument and providing world-record sensitivity with high reliability in several airborne instruments. We have developed a set of InP MMICs for receivers at 240, 310, 380 and 670 GHz with significantly lower noise than previously reported. The noise temperature is NT=450 K at 240 GHz, NT=550K at 310 GHz and NT=650 K at 380 GHz. The 670 GHz LNAs provide a NT of 2400 K. These channels are complemented by the previously-developed and airborne-proven 183 and 118 GHz MMIC receivers that were tested to TRL 6. C1 [Kangaslahti, Pekka; Schlecht, Erich; Jiang, Jonathan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Deal, William R.; Zamora, Alex; Leong, Kevin] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Reising, Steven C.; Bosch, Xavier; Ogut, Mehmet] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kangaslahti, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2951-8 PY 2016 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF5QG UT WOS:000382491900010 ER PT J AU Schoenwald, AJ Bradley, DC Mohammed, PN Piepmeier, JR Wong, M AF Schoenwald, Adam J. Bradley, Damon C. Mohammed, Priscilla N. Piepmeier, Jeffrey R. Wong, Mark GP IEEE TI PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A HARDWARE IMPLEMENTED COMPLEX SIGNAL KURTOSIS RADIO-FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE DETECTOR SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ DE Interference; Circularity; Complex Random Process; Radiometer; Digital Receiver; Kurtosis; Complex Kurtosis AB In the field of microwave radiometry, Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) consistently degrades the value of scientific results. Through the use of digital receivers and signal processing, the effects of RFI on scientific measurements can be reduced depending on certain circumstances. As technology allows us to implement wider band digital receivers for radiometry, the problem of RFI mitigation changes. Our work focuses on finding a detector that outperforms real kurtosis in wide band scenarios. The algorithm implemented is a complex signal kurtosis detector which was modeled and simulated. The performance of both complex and real signal kurtosis is evaluated for continuous wave, pulsed continuous wave, and wide band quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulations. The use of complex signal kurtosis increased the detectability of interference. C1 [Schoenwald, Adam J.; Bradley, Damon C.; Mohammed, Priscilla N.; Piepmeier, Jeffrey R.; Wong, Mark] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mohammed, Priscilla N.] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. RP Schoenwald, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2951-8 PY 2016 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF5QG UT WOS:000382491900016 ER PT J AU de Matthaeis, P AF de Matthaeis, Paolo GP IEEE TI SEA ICE THICKNESS RETRIEVAL AT L-BAND: COMPARISON BETWEEN RESULTS FROM AQUARIUS AND SMAP DATA SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ DE Sea Ice Thickness; Microwave Radiometry; Aquarius; SMAP ID SALINITY; MODEL AB Aquarius and SMAP brightness temperature data are used to estimate sea ice thickness in the polar regions. The method is based on the inversion of a radiative transfer model for ice-covered sea. This model predicts the emission from ice covered sea and is similar to the one used by the SMOS group. The sea ice thickness values retrieved from Aquarius and SMAP measurements using this technique are compared with the SMOS data. Since Aquarius ceased operation due to component failure on at the beginning of June 2015, while the SMAP radiometer began operating at the end of March 2015, data from April 2015 are used in the comparison. Results obtained using Aquarius and SMAP data are consistent with each other, but show a high uncertainty compared to the SMOS sea ice thickness product. C1 [de Matthaeis, Paolo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP de Matthaeis, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM paolo.dematthaeis@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2951-8 PY 2016 BP 95 EP 97 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF5QG UT WOS:000382491900021 ER PT J AU Kidd, C Ringerud, S Skofronick-Jackson, G Huffman, G AF Kidd, Chris Ringerud, Sarah Skofronick-Jackson, Gail Huffman, George GP IEEE TI Precipitation retrievals from passive microwave cross-track sounding instruments SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ DE passive microwave observations; precipitation estimation AB Precipitation (rain and snow) is a key geophysical parameter. Due the temporal and spatial variability it is vital to exploit all available data sources, and in particular all available passive microwave sensors. This paper concentrates upon the development of a physical retrieval scheme to obtain precipitation estimates from cross-track passive microwave sensors (a.k.a. 'sounders'). Initial studies into the impact of the variable Earth incidence angle upon the retrievals suggested that while changes in polarization were minimal, resolution played a greater part. Although the scheme was originally envisaged with 75 scan-position/surface type databases generated from satellite/surface observations, the final scheme utilizes a model-generated database with a single database; results from this scheme are presented. The paper finally presents some initial work from investigations into the next-generated cross-track retrieval schemes. C1 [Kidd, Chris] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ringerud, Sarah] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Skofronick-Jackson, Gail; Huffman, George] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Processes Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Kidd, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM chris.kidd@nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2951-8 PY 2016 BP 107 EP 109 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF5QG UT WOS:000382491900024 ER PT J AU Yanovsky, I Lambrigtsen, B AF Yanovsky, Igor Lambrigtsen, Bjorn GP IEEE TI SPARSITY-BASED APPROACHES FOR MULTISPECTRAL SUPER-RESOLUTION OF TROPICAL CYCLONE IMAGERY SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ DE Aperture synthesis system; inverse problems; microwave imaging; multispectral image analysis; remote sensing; spatial resolution; super-resolution ID REGULARIZATION; ALGORITHM; RADIOMETER; NOISE AB An aperture synthesis system produces ringing at sharp edges and other transitions in the observed field. In this paper, we have developed an efficient multispectral deconvolution method, based on Split Bregman total variation minimization technique, and showed it to reduce image ringing, blurring, and distortion, while sharpening the image and preserving information content. We also present a multispectral multi-frame super-resolution method that is robust to image noise and noise in the point spread function and leads to additional improvements in spatial resolution. The methodologies are based on current research in sparse optimization and compressed sensing, which lead to unprecedented efficiencies for solving image reconstruction problems. C1 [Yanovsky, Igor; Lambrigtsen, Bjorn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Yanovsky, Igor] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Yanovsky, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Yanovsky, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2951-8 PY 2016 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF5QG UT WOS:000382491900031 ER PT J AU Yanovsky, I Lambrigtsen, B AF Yanovsky, Igor Lambrigtsen, Bjorn GP IEEE TI TEMPORAL RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF IMAGE SEQUENCES CAPTURING EVOLVING WEATHER PHENOMENA SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ DE Inverse problems; microwave imaging; remote sensing; resolution enhancement; temporal resolution ID ALGORITHMS; RADIOMETER AB In this paper, we develop an approach for temporal resolution enhancement of blurry and distorted image sequences capturing evolving weather phenomena. We first enhance the spatial resolution of a sequence of images using an efficient deconvolution method which we showed to reduce image ringing, blurring, and distortion, while sharpening the image and preserving information content. Such methodology is based on current research in sparse optimization and compressed sensing, which lead to unprecedented efficiencies for solving image reconstruction problems. We then consider the evolving sequence to be embedded in a deformable medium, and enhance temporal resolution of a sequence using nonlinear viscous fluid registration model. The physical continuum equation is solved using an efficient multigrid full approximation scheme. C1 [Yanovsky, Igor; Lambrigtsen, Bjorn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Yanovsky, Igor] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Yanovsky, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Yanovsky, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2951-8 PY 2016 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF5QG UT WOS:000382491900034 ER PT J AU De Amici, G Piepmeier, J Peng, JZ AF De Amici, Giovanni Piepmeier, Jeffrey Peng, Jinzheng GP IEEE TI Geolocation Results for the SMAP Passive Instrument SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ DE microwave radiometer; geolocation ID SENSOR; ERRORS AB We present an assessment of the accuracy of the geolocation of the SMAP (Soil Moisture Active and Passive) passive instrument, based on the first year of on-orbit operation. The accuracy of the geolocation is determined from analysis of the temperature (both antenna and brightness) recorded by the radiometer, and correlation of any temperature change against geophysical features with high radiometric contrast (coastlines). It is shown that the radiometer meets the project's requirement (4 km uncertainty) for geolocation accuracy with excellent margins. C1 [De Amici, Giovanni; Piepmeier, Jeffrey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Peng, Jinzheng] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP De Amici, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Giovanni.deamici@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2951-8 PY 2016 BP 181 EP 185 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF5QG UT WOS:000382491900039 ER PT J AU Twohy, CH McMeeking, GR DeMott, PJ McCluskey, CS Hill, TCJ Burrows, SM Kulkarni, GR Tanarhte, M Kafle, DN Toohey, DW AF Twohy, Cynthia H. McMeeking, Gavin R. DeMott, Paul J. McCluskey, Christina S. Hill, Thomas C. J. Burrows, Susannah M. Kulkarni, Gourihar R. Tanarhte, Meryem Kafle, Durga N. Toohey, Darin W. TI Abundance of fluorescent biological aerosol particles at temperatures conducive to the formation of mixed-phase and cirrus clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEATION-ACTIVE BACTERIA; ATMOSPHERIC ICE NUCLEI; SUBMODEL SYSTEM MESSY; TECHNICAL NOTE; DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; AIRBORNE BACTERIA; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; OPTICAL DEPTH; CLIMATE MODEL AB Some types of biological particles are known to nucleate ice at warmer temperatures than mineral dust, with the potential to influence cloud microphysical properties and climate. However, the prevalence of these particle types above the atmospheric boundary layer is not well known. Many types of biological particles fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light, and the Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor takes advantage of this characteristic to perform real-time measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAPs). This instrument was flown on the National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream V aircraft to measure concentrations of fluorescent biological particles from different potential sources and at various altitudes over the US western plains in early autumn. Clear-air number concentrations of FBAPs between 0.8 and 12 mu m diameter usually decreased with height and generally were about 10-100 L-1 in the continental boundary layer but always much lower at temperatures colder than 255K in the free troposphere. At intermediate temperatures where biological ice-nucleating particles may influence mixed-phase cloud formation (255K <= T <= 270 K), concentrations of fluorescent particles were the most variable and were occasionally near boundary-layer concentrations. Predicted vertical distributions of ice-nucleating particle concentrations based on FBAP measurements in this temperature regime sometimes reached typical concentrations of primary ice in clouds but were often much lower. If convection was assumed to lift boundary-layer FBAPs without losses to the free troposphere, better agreement between predicted ice-nucleating particle concentrations and typical ice crystal concentrations was achieved. Ice-nucleating particle concentrations were also measured during one flight and showed a decrease with height, and concentrations were consistent with a relationship to FBAPs established previously at the forested surface site below. The vertical distributions of FBAPs measured on five flights were also compared with those for bacteria, fungal spores, and pollen predicted from the EMAC global chemistry-climate model for the same geographic region. C1 [Twohy, Cynthia H.] Northwest Res Associates, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [McMeeking, Gavin R.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [DeMott, Paul J.; McCluskey, Christina S.; Hill, Thomas C. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Burrows, Susannah M.; Kulkarni, Gourihar R.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Tanarhte, Meryem] Max Planck Inst Chem, Atmospher Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kafle, Durga N.] NASA, GSFC, ADNET Syst, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Toohey, Darin W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McMeeking, Gavin R.] Handix Sci, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Twohy, CH (reprint author), Northwest Res Associates, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM twohy@nwra.com RI Burrows, Susannah/A-7429-2011 OI Burrows, Susannah/0000-0002-0745-7252 FU US National Science Foundation [AGS-1408028, AGS-1358495, AGS-1036028, AGS-1104642]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, BER program, at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); US DOE [DE-AC05-76RL0 1830] FX This material was based on work supported by the US National Science Foundation under award numbers AGS-1408028 (Cynthia H. Twohy), AGS-1358495 and AGS-1036028 (Paul J. DeMott and Thomas C. J. Hill), and AGS-1104642 (Darin W. Toohey). Gourihar R. Kulkarni and Susannah M. Burrows were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, BER program, at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL0 1830. James Anderson of Arizona State analyzed and provided preliminary interpretation of particle types via SEM. Greg Kok and Gary Granger of Droplet Measurement Technologies helped with modifications to the WIBS-4A. We thank Errol Korn, Gordon Maclean, and Kyle Holden for technical expertise, Jeff Stith for organizing the IDEAS field program, and the rest of the Research Aviation Facility staff for implementing it so skillfully. Frank Drewnick of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry suggested changes to the Particle Loss Calculator program for airborne operations and Yiannis Proestos of The Cyprus Institute helped with model setup. We also acknowledge the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program and the scientists involved in providing the Southern Great Plains site MFRSR and SONDE data used in Fig. 1. NR 92 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 13 BP 8205 EP 8225 DI 10.5194/acp-16-8205-2016 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9GQ UT WOS:000381091400010 ER PT J AU Dowsett, H Dolan, A Rowley, D Moucha, R Forte, AM Mitrovica, JX Pound, M Salzmann, U Robinson, M Chandler, M Foley, K Haywood, A AF Dowsett, Harry Dolan, Aisling Rowley, David Moucha, Robert Forte, Alessandro M. Mitrovica, Jerry X. Pound, Matthew Salzmann, Ulrich Robinson, Marci Chandler, Mark Foley, Kevin Haywood, Alan TI The PRISM4 (mid-Piacenzian) paleoenvironmental reconstruction SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; PLIOCENE WARM PERIOD; MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; PLIOMIP EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; DYNAMIC TOPOGRAPHY CHANGE; BERING STRAIT; ARCTIC-OCEAN; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; CLIMATE VARIABILITY AB The mid-Piacenzian is known as a period of relative warmth when compared to the present day. A comprehensive understanding of conditions during the Piacenzian serves as both a conceptual model and a source for boundary conditions as well as means of verification of global climate model experiments. In this paper we present the PRISM4 reconstruction, a paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the mid-Piacenzian (similar to 3 Ma) containing data for paleogeography, land and sea ice, sea-surface temperature, vegetation, soils, and lakes. Our retrodicted paleogeography takes into account glacial isostatic adjustments and changes in dynamic topography. Soils and lakes, both significant as land surface features, are introduced to the PRISM reconstruction for the first time. Sea-surface temperature and vegetation reconstructions are unchanged but now have confidence assessments. The PRISM4 reconstruction is being used as boundary condition data for the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) experiments. C1 [Dowsett, Harry; Robinson, Marci; Foley, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Dolan, Aisling; Haywood, Alan] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Rowley, David] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Moucha, Robert] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Forte, Alessandro M.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Forte, Alessandro M.] Univ Quebec, GEOTOP, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Mitrovica, Jerry X.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pound, Matthew; Salzmann, Ulrich] Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Dept Geog, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Chandler, Mark] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Chandler, Mark] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Dowsett, H (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov OI Rowley, David/0000-0001-9767-9029 FU US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program; European Research Council under the European Union [278636]; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I016287/1]; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research's Earth System Evolution Program; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program (NASA grant) [NNX14AB99A]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; EPSRC FX Harry Dowsett, Marci Robinson, and Kevin Foley are supported by the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Aisling Dolan and Alan Haywood acknowledge that this research was completed in receipt of funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636. Ulrich Salzmann, Alan Haywood, and Matthew Pound acknowledge funding received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant NE/I016287/1). David Rowley, Alessandro M. Forte, Jerry X. Mitrovica, and Robert Moucha acknowledge support from the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research's Earth System Evolution Program. Alessandro M. Forte also thanks the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Mark Chandler is supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program (NASA grant NNX14AB99A) and the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. We thank Daniel Hill, Stephen Hunter, Linda Sohl, and Adam Bloemers for helpful input and Robert Schmunk for the Panoply visualization software. Harry Dowsett, Aisling Dolan, Alan Haywood, Ulrich Salzmann, and Matthew Pound also thank the EPSRC-supported Past Earth Network. This research used samples and/or data provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). NR 146 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1519 EP 1538 DI 10.5194/cp-12-1519-2016 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT1XJ UT WOS:000381275100003 ER PT J AU Scambos, T Shuman, C AF Scambos, T. Shuman, C. TI Comment on 'Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses' by H. J. Zwally and others SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID GLACIAL-ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK; EAST ANTARCTICA; GNSS OBSERVATIONS; GRACE; BALANCE; GREENLAND; UNCERTAINTIES; ELEVATION; LAND C1 [Scambos, T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shuman, C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Shuman, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Scambos, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM teds@nsidc.org NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2016 VL 62 IS 233 BP 599 EP 603 DI 10.1017/jog.2016.59 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DT4LK UT WOS:000381452400014 ER PT S AU Chao, TH Lu, T Davis, SR Anderson, MH AF Chao, Tien-Hsin Lu, Thomas Davis, Scott R. Anderson, Michael H. BE Casasent, D Alam, MS TI Chip Scale Broadly Tunable Laser for Laser Spectrometer SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXVII CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Broadly Tunable Laser; Laser Spectrometer; Gas Sensing AB We are developing an innovative Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS) that is compact, broad tuning range (> 200 nm) enabled by an innovative chip-scale (a waveguide based architecture), non-mechanical (voltage-controlled tuning), Waveguide External-cavity Semiconductor Laser (WECSL). This WECSL based TLS, with broad tuning range, will enable the simultaneous measurement of multiple gases abundances in Martian and other planetary atmospheres, adsorbed to soil; and bound to rocks. This monolithic, robust, integrated-optic Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer (TLS) will operate in the near infrared and infrared spectral bands. The system architecture, principles of operation and applications of the TLS will be reported in this paper. C1 [Chao, Tien-Hsin; Lu, Thomas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Davis, Scott R.; Anderson, Michael H.] Vescent Photon Inc, Golden, CA USA. RP Chao, TH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0086-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9845 AR 98450M DI 10.1117/12.2229893 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF4UB UT WOS:000381709400018 ER PT S AU Lu, T Chao, TH Chen, K Luong, A Dewees, M Yan, XY Chow, E Torres, G AF Lu, Thomas Chao, Tien-Hsin Chen, Kang (Frank) Luong, Andrew Dewees, Mallory Yan, Xinyi Chow, Edward Torres, Gilbert BE Casasent, D Alam, MS TI Cross-correlation and image alignment for multi-band IR sensors SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXVII CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Multi-band IR images; cross-correlation; image processing; feature extraction; Wavelets AB We present the development of a cross-correlation algorithm for correlating objects in the long wave, mid wave and short wave Infrared sensor arrays. The goal is to align the images in the multi sensor suite by correlating multiple key features in the images. Due to the wavelength differences, the object appears very differently in the sensor images even the sensors focus on the same object In order to perform accurate correlation of the same object in the multi-band images, we perform image processing on the images so that the features of the object become similar to each other. Fourier domain band pass filters are used to enhance the images. Mexican Hat and Gaussian Derivative Wavelets are used to further enhance the features of the object. A Python based QT graphical user interface has been implemented to carry out the process. We show reliable results of the cross-correlation of the objects in multiple band videos. C1 [Lu, Thomas; Chao, Tien-Hsin; Chow, Edward] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chen, Kang (Frank)] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Luong, Andrew] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Dewees, Mallory] Saddleback Coll, Mission Viejo, CA USA. [Yan, Xinyi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Torres, Gilbert] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Point Mugu Nawc, CA USA. RP Lu, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Thomas.t.lu@jpl.nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0086-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9845 AR 984505 DI 10.1117/12.2224694 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF4UB UT WOS:000381709400003 ER PT S AU Prasad, NS Tracy, A Vetorino, S Higgins, R Sibell, R AF Prasad, Narasimha S. Tracy, Allen Vetorino, Steve Higgins, Richard Sibell, Russ BE Soskind, YG Olson, C TI Innovative Fiber-Laser Architecture-Based Compact Wind Lidar SO PHOTONIC INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Instrumentation Engineering III CY FEB 17-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Coherent wind lidar; Wake vortex; 3D hemispherical scanner; fiber seed laser; fiber amplifier AB This paper describes an innovative, compact and eyesafe coherent lidar system developed for use in wind and wake vortex sensing applications. This advanced lidar system is field ruggedized with reduced size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP) configured based on an all-fiber and modular architecture. The all-fiber architecture is developed using a fiber seed laser that is coupled to uniquely configured fiber amplifier modules and associated photonic elements including an integrated 3D scanner. The scanner provides user programmable continuous 360 degree azimuth and 180 degree elevation scan angles. The system architecture eliminates free-space beam alignment issues and allows plug and play operation using graphical user interface software modules. Besides its all fiber architecture, the lidar system also provides pulsewidth agility to aid in improving range resolution. Operating at 1.54 microns and with a PRF of up to 20 KHz, the wind lidar is air cooled with overall dimensions of 30 '' x 46 '' x 60 '' and is designed as a Class 1 system. This lidar is capable of measuring wind velocities greater than 120 +/- 0.2 m/s over ranges greater than 10 km and with a range resolution of less than 15 m. This compact and modular system is anticipated to provide mobility, reliability, and ease of field deployment for wind and wake vortex measurements. The current lidar architecture is amenable for trace gas sensing and as such it is being evolved for airborne and space based platforms. In this paper, the key features of wind lidar instrumentation and its functionality are discussed followed by results of recent wind forecast measurements on a wind farm. C1 [Prasad, Narasimha S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Tracy, Allen; Vetorino, Steve; Higgins, Richard; Sibell, Russ] Sibelloptics, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Prasad, NS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM narasimha.s.prasad@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-989-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9754 AR 97540J DI 10.1117/12.2218226 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BF4TT UT WOS:000381696100015 ER PT S AU Haddad, ZS Sawaya, RS Kacimi, S Sy, OO Steward, JL AF Haddad, Ziad S. Sawaya, Randy S. Kacimi, Sahra Sy, Ousmane O. Steward, Jeffrey L. BE Krishnamurti, TN Rajeevan, MN TI Quantifying and monitoring convection intensity from mm-wave sounder observations SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEANS, AND INTERACTIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Interactions VI CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE millimeter radiometer; convection; weather forecasting; climate modeling ID PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERIZATION; MODEL AB Few systematic attempts to interpret the measurements of mm-wave radiometers over clouds and precipitation have been made to date because the scattering signatures of hydrometeors at these frequencies are very difficult to model. The few algorithms that have been developed try to retrieve surface precipitation, to which the observations are partially correlated but not directly sensitive. In fact, over deep clouds, mm-wave radiometers are most sensitive to the scattering from solid hydrometeors within the upper levels of the cloud. In addition, mm-wave radiometers have a definite advantage over the lower-frequency window-channel radiometers in that they have finer resolution and can therefore explicitly resolve deep convection. Preliminary analyses (in particular of NOAA's MHS brightness temperatures, as well as Megha-Tropiques's SAPHIR observations) indicate that the measurements are indeed very sensitive to the depth and intensity of convection. The challenge is to derive a robust approach to make quantitative estimates of the convection, for example the height and depth of the condensed water, directly from the mm-wave observations, as a function of horizontal location. To avoid having to rely on a specific set of microphysical assumptions, this analysis exploits the substantial amount of nearly simultaneous coincident observations by mm-wave radiometers and orbiting atmospheric profiling radars in order to enforce unbiased consistency between the calculated brightness temperatures and the radar and radiometer observations. C1 [Haddad, Ziad S.; Sawaya, Randy S.; Kacimi, Sahra; Sy, Ousmane O.; Steward, Jeffrey L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Haddad, ZS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM zsh@jpl.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0123-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9882 AR 98820M DI 10.1117/12.2228186 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF4TP UT WOS:000381693500012 ER PT S AU Asanuma, H Su, J Shahinpoor, M Felli, F Paolozzi, A Nejhad, M Hihara, L Aimmanee, S Furuya, Y Adachi, K Yanaseko, T AF Asanuma, H. Su, J. Shahinpoor, M. Felli, F. Paolozzi, A. Nejhad, M. Hihara, L. Aimmanee, S. Furuya, Y. Adachi, K. Yanaseko, T. BE Lynch, JP TI Disaster mitigation based on smart structures/materials SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 21-24, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements DE disaster; tsunami; flooding; sustainability; deployable structure; energy harvesting; daily use AB The concept "Disaster Mitigation and Sustainable Engineering" is introduced comprehensively and several examples are shown in this paper. It is emphasized that it can be effectively realized in the field "smart materials and structural systems." As serious disasters may not occur for a long period of time, and the structures for disaster mitigation suffer from vast amount of maintenance cost etc., they are better to be used daily. Their compactness and deploying function are also very useful. In order to demonstrate the concept, two examples having been experimentally tried are introduced, that is, artificial forests and deployable structure based on honeycomb to be used against flooding. Other examples and products in the world are also introduced and future directions are discussed. C1 [Asanuma, H.; Yanaseko, T.] Chiba Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1-33 Yayoicho, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Su, J.] NASA, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Shahinpoor, M.] Univ Maine, Dept Mech Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Felli, F.] Sapienza Univ, Dept Chem Engn Mat & Environm, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Paolozzi, A.] Sapienza Univ Rome, Sch Aerosp Engn, Via Salaria 851, I-00138 Rome, Italy. [Paolozzi, A.] Ctr Fermi, Via Panisperna 89, Rome, Italy. [Nejhad, M.; Hihara, L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mech Engn, 2540 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Aimmanee, S.] King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi, Dept Mech Engn, Bangkok 10140, Thailand. [Furuya, Y.] Hirosaki Univ, North Japan Res Inst Sustainable Energy, 2-1-3 Matsubara, Aomori 0300813, Japan. [Adachi, K.] Chubu Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1200 Matsumotocho, Kasugai, Aichi 4878501, Japan. RP Asanuma, H (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1-33 Yayoicho, Chiba 2638522, Japan. EM asanuma@faculty.chiba-u.jp NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0044-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9803 AR UNSP 980302 DI 10.1117/12.2222153 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF5NR UT WOS:000382319400001 ER PT S AU Banks, CE Wang, G AF Banks, Curtis E. Wang, Gang BE Lynch, JP TI Experimental Investigation on Acousto-ultrasonic Sensing Using Polarization-maintaining Fiber Bragg Gratings SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 21-24, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements ID WAVE INSPECTION; LAMB WAVES; SENSOR AB This report discusses the guided Lamb wave sensing using polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber Bragg grating (PM-FBG) sensor. The goal is to apply the PM-FBG sensor system to composite structural health monitoring (SHM) applications in order to realize directivity and multi-axis strain sensing capabilities while reducing the number of sensors. Comprehensive experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the PM-FBG sensor attached to a composite panel structure under different actuation frequencies and locations. Three Macro-Fiber-Composite (MFC) piezoelectric actuators were used to generate guided Lamb waves that were oriented at 0, 45, and 90 degrees with respect to PM-FBG axial direction, respectively. The actuation frequency was varied from 20 kHz to 200 kHz. It was shown that the PM-FBG sensor system was able to detect high-speed ultrasound waves and capture the characteristics under different actuation conditions. Both longitudinal and lateral strain components in the order of nano-strain were determined based on the reflective intensity measurement data from fast and slow axis of the PM fiber. It must be emphasized that this is the first attempt to investigate acouto-ultrasonic sensing using PM-FBG sensor. This could lead to a new sensing approach in the SHM applications. C1 [Banks, Curtis E.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. [Wang, Gang] Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM gang.wang@uah.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0044-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9803 AR UNSP 98033R DI 10.1117/12.2218379 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF5NR UT WOS:000382319400106 ER PT S AU Bao, XQ Sherrit, S Takano, N AF Bao, Xiaoqi Sherrit, Stewart Takano, Nobuyuki BE Lynch, JP TI High-pressure sensor using piezoelectric bending resonators SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 21-24, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements DE piezoelectric; pressure sensor; down-hole oil wells; passive; remotely readable AB A novel design of pressure sensor based on piezoelectric bending resonator is described in this paper. The resonator is isolated from and mechanically coupled to the surrounding fluid using a sealed enclosure. The pressure applied to the enclosure induces a compressive stress to the resonator and reduces its resonance frequency. In principle the mechanism allows for achieving large resonance frequency shifts close to 100% of the resonance frequency. A high-pressure sensor based on the mechanism was designed for down-hole pressure monitoring in oil wells. The sensor is potentially remotely-readable via the transmission of an electromagnetic signal down a waveguide formed by the pipes in the oil well. The details of the pressure sensor design and verification by FE analysis and initial test results of a preliminary prototype are presented in this paper. C1 [Bao, Xiaoqi; Sherrit, Stewart; Takano, Nobuyuki] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bao, XQ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xbao@jpl.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0044-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9803 AR UNSP 98032O DI 10.1117/12.2218583 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF5NR UT WOS:000382319400074 ER PT S AU Kim, T Saini, A Kim, J Gopalarathnam, A Zhu, Y Palmieri, FL Wohl, CJ Jiang, XN AF Kim, Taeyang Saini, Aditya Kim, Jinwook Gopalarathnam, Ashok Zhu, Yong Palmieri, Frank L. Wohl, Christopher J. Jiang, Xiaoning BE Lynch, JP TI A piezoelectric shear stress sensor SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 21-24, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements DE PMN-33% PT crystal; bimorph piezoelectric structures; floating element; electromechanical symmetry ID FRICTION BALANCE MEASUREMENTS; ELEMENT; FLOW AB In this paper, a piezoelectric sensor with a floating element was developed for shear stress measurement. The piezoelectric sensor was designed to detect the pure shear stress, suppressing effects of normal stress components, by applying opposite poling vectors to the piezoelectric elements. The sensor was first calibrated in the lab by applying shear forces where it demonstrated high sensitivity to shear stress (91.3 +/- 2.1 pC/Pa) due to the high piezoelectric coefficients of 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-0.33PbTiO(3) (PMN-33% PT, d(31)=-1330 pC/N). The sensor also exhibited negligible sensitivity to normal stress (less than 1.2 pC/Pa) because of the electromechanical symmetry of the device. The usable frequency range of the sensor is up to 800 Hz. C1 [Kim, Taeyang; Saini, Aditya; Kim, Jinwook; Gopalarathnam, Ashok; Zhu, Yong; Jiang, Xiaoning] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 911 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Palmieri, Frank L.; Wohl, Christopher J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 8 Lindbergh Way, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jiang, XN (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 911 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM xjiang5@ncsu.edu RI Kim, Jinwook/L-3135-2015 OI Kim, Jinwook/0000-0002-2072-3922 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0044-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9803 AR UNSP 98032S DI 10.1117/12.2219185 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF5NR UT WOS:000382319400078 ER PT S AU Sherrit, S Noell, AC Fisher, AM Takano, N Grunthaner, F AF Sherrit, Stewart Noell, Aaron C. Fisher, Anita M. Takano, Nobuyuki Grunthaner, Frank BE Lynch, JP TI Micro Acoustic Resonant Chambers for Heating/Agitating/Mixing (MARCHAM) SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 21-24, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, American Elements DE Piezoelectric vibration; heating; fluid particle interaction; Subcritical water extraction ID PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; PARTICLE MANIPULATION; SOXHLET EXTRACTION; SOIL; OIL AB A variety of applications require the mixing and/or heating of a slurry made from a powder/fluid mixture. One of these applications, Sub Critical Water Extraction (SCWE), is a process where water and an environmental powder sample (sieved soil, drill cuttings, etc.) are heated in a sealed chamber to temperatures greater than 200 degrees Celsius by allowing the pressure to increase, but without reaching the critical point of water. At these temperatures, the ability of water to extract organics from solid particulate increases drastically. This paper describes the modeling and experimentation on the use of an acoustic resonant chamber which is part of an amino acid detection instrument called Astrobionibbler [Noell et al. 2014, 2015]. In this instrument we use acoustics to excite a fluid- solid fines mixture in different frequency/amplitude regimes to accomplish a variety of sample processing tasks. Driving the acoustic resonant chamber at lower frequencies can create circulation patterns in the fluid and mixes the liquid and fines, while driving the chamber at higher frequencies one can agitate the fluid and powder and create a suspension. If one then drives the chamber at high amplitude at resonance heating of the slurry occurs. In the mixing and agitating cell the particle levitation force depends on the relative densities and compressibility's of the particulate and fluid and on the kinetic and potential energy densities associated with the velocity and pressure fields [Glynne-Jones, Boltryk and Hill 2012] in the cell. When heating, the piezoelectric transducer and chamber is driven at high power in resonance where the solid/fines region is modelled as an acoustic transmission line with a large loss component. In this regime, heat is pumped into the solution/fines mixture and rapidly heats the sample. We have modeled the piezoelectric transducer/chamber/ sample using Mason's equivalent circuit. In order to assess the validity of the model we have built and tested a variety of chambers. This paper describes the experimental results which are in general agreement with theory within the limitations of the modeling. C1 [Sherrit, Stewart; Noell, Aaron C.; Fisher, Anita M.; Takano, Nobuyuki; Grunthaner, Frank] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sherrit, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0044-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9803 AR UNSP 980338 DI 10.1117/12.2219230 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF5NR UT WOS:000382319400090 ER PT J AU Yasunari, TJ Lau, KM Mahanama, SPP Colarco, PR da Silva, AM Aoki, T Aoki, K Murao, N Yamagata, S Kodama, Y AF Yasunari, Teppei J. Lau, K. -M. Mahanama, Sarith P. P. Colarco, Peter R. da Silva, Arlindo M. Aoki, Teruo Aoki, Kazuma Murao, Naoto Yamagata, Sadamu Kodama, Yuji TI The GOddard SnoW Impurity Module (GOSWIM) for the NASA GEOS-5 Earth System Model: Preliminary Comparisons with Observations in Sapporo, Japan (vol 12, pg c1, 2016) SO SOLA LA English DT Correction ID IMPACT; DUST C1 [Yasunari, Teppei J.; Murao, Naoto; Yamagata, Sadamu] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Lau, K. -M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lau, K. -M.; Mahanama, Sarith P. P.; Colarco, Peter R.; da Silva, Arlindo M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Mahanama, Sarith P. P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Aoki, Teruo] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Aoki, Kazuma] Toyama Univ, Fac Sci, Toyama, Japan. [Kodama, Yuji] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. RP Yasunari, TJ (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Engn, Kita Ku, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. EM t.j.yasunari@eng.hokudai.ac.jp RI Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012; Yasunari, Teppei/E-5374-2010 OI Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662; Yasunari, Teppei/0000-0002-9896-9404 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 1349-6476 J9 SOLA JI SOLA PY 2016 VL 12 BP E1 EP E1 DI 10.2151/sola.2016-014 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT4DH UT WOS:000381429800001 ER PT S AU Derkevorkian, A Peterson, L Kolaini, AR Hendricks, TJ Nesmith, BJ AF Derkevorkian, Armen Peterson, Lee Kolaini, Ali R. Hendricks, Terry J. Nesmith, Bill J. BE DiMiao, D Tarazaga, P Castellini, P TI Development of Multi-Physics Dynamics Models for High-Frequency Large-Amplitude Structural Response Simulation SO SPECIAL TOPICS IN STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOL 6, 34TH IMAC SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Experimental Mech DE Computational modeling; Nonlinear dynamics; Shock waves; Multi-physics simulation; Parallel computing ID UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITE LAMINATE; CONCENTRATED SURFACE LOADS; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; ELASTODYNAMIC RESPONSE; PLATES; BEAMS AB An analytic approach is demonstrated to reveal potential pyroshock-driven dynamic effects causing temporary power losses in the Thermo-Electric (TE) module bars of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG). This study utilizes high-fidelity finite element analysis with SIERRA/PRESTO codes to estimate wave propagation effects due to large-amplitude suddenly-applied pyroshock loads in the MMRTG. A high fidelity model of the TE module bar was created with similar to 30 million degrees-of-freedom (DOF). First, a quasi-static preload was applied on top of the TE module bar, then transient tri-axial displacement inputs were simultaneously applied on the preloaded module. The applied displacement inputs were derived from measured acceleration signals during MMRTG shock qualification tests performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. An explicit finite element solver in the SIERRA/PRESTO computational environment, along with a 3000 processor parallel super-computing framework at NASA-AMES, was used for the simulation. The simulation results were investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The predicted shock wave propagation results provide detailed structural responses throughout the TE module bar, and key insights into the dynamic response (i.e., loads, displacements, accelerations) of critical internal spring/piston compression systems, TE materials, and internal component interfaces in the MMRTG TE module bar. They also provide confidence on the viability of this high-fidelity modeling scheme to accurately predict shock wave propagation patterns within complex structures. This analytic approach is envisioned for modeling shock sensitive hardware susceptible to intense shock environments positioned near shock separation devices in modern space vehicles and systems. C1 [Derkevorkian, Armen; Peterson, Lee; Kolaini, Ali R.; Hendricks, Terry J.; Nesmith, Bill J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Derkevorkian, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Armen.Derkevorkian@jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-29910-5; 978-3-319-29909-9 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-29910-5_26 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF5GM UT WOS:000381977000026 ER PT J AU Park, J Johnson, JT Lowe, ST AF Park, Jeonghwan Johnson, Joel T. Lowe, Stephen T. TI A study of the electromagnetic bias for GNSS-R ocean altimetry using the choppy wave model SO WAVES IN RANDOM AND COMPLEX MEDIA LA English DT Article ID REFLECTOMETRY; SCATTERING AB Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) altimetry involves measuring reflections of Global Positioning System transmissions from the Earth's surface (a bistatic radar configuration.) These reflected signals carry information about the Earth's surface, including the sea surface height. The electromagnetic (EM) bias is a significant error source when measuring sea surface height with GNSS-R due to the non-symmetric properties of sea waves. Although previous studies of the EM bias have been conducted for traditional backscatter altimetry, information on the EM bias in the bistatic configurations important for GNSS-R is limited. Of particular interest is the influence of the bistatic geometry on the EM bias. This paper presents a study of the EM bias in GNSS-R altimetry. The study employs a Monte Carlo procedure with numerical nonlinear hydrodynamic simulations coupled with a physical optics method for EM scattering from the sea surface to produce a deterministic set of sea surface profiles and the corresponding GNSS-R waveforms. In this initial study, choppy wave model is used for nonlinear surface description in order to improve further the computational efficiency and one-dimension surface analysis is chosen for the simple computations. The influence of the bistatic configuration on the EM bias properties has analyzed, and it is shown that the EM bias varies approximately as a cosine function of the incident angle and that short wave effects make important contributions. C1 [Park, Jeonghwan; Johnson, Joel T.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Park, Jeonghwan; Johnson, Joel T.] Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lowe, Stephen T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.; Park, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM park.1558@osu.edu FU Ohio Supercomputer Center; Jet Propulsion Laboratory [RF60038714] FX This work was supported in part by an allocation of computing time from the Ohio Supercomputer Center; Jet Propulsion Laboratory [RF60038714]. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-5030 EI 1745-5049 J9 WAVE RANDOM COMPLEX JI Waves Random Complex Media PY 2016 VL 26 IS 4 BP 599 EP 612 DI 10.1080/17455030.2016.1179820 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DU7DZ UT WOS:000382374800014 ER PT J AU Fioletov, VE McLinden, CA Cede, A Davies, J Mihele, C Netcheva, S Li, SM O'Brien, J AF Fioletov, Vitali E. McLinden, Chris A. Cede, Alexander Davies, Jonathan Mihele, Cristian Netcheva, Stoyka Li, Shao-Meng O'Brien, Jason TI Sulfur dioxide (SO2) vertical column density measurements by Pandora spectrometer over the Canadian oil sands SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; AIR-POLLUTION; SURFACE MEASUREMENTS; BREWER; OMI; NO2; SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; RETRIEVALS; DOBSON; OPERATIONS AB Vertical column densities (VCDs) of SO2 retrieved by a Pandora spectral sun photometer at Fort McKay, Alberta, Canada, from 2013 to 2015 were analysed. The Fort McKay site is located in the Canadian oil sands region, approximately 20 km north of two major SO2 sources (upgraders), with total emission of about 45 kt yr(-1). Elevated SO2 VCD values were frequently recorded by the instrument, with the highest values of about 9 Dobson Units (DU; DU = 2.69 x 10(16) molecules cm(-2)). Comparisons with co-located in situ measurements demonstrated that there was a very good correlation between VCDs and surface concentrations in some cases, while in other cases, elevated VCDs did not correspond to high surface concentrations, suggesting the plume was above the ground. Elevated VCDs and surface concentrations were observed when the wind direction was from south to southeast, i.e. from the direction of the two local SO2 sources. The precision of the SO2 measurements, estimated from parallel measurements by two Pandora instruments at Toronto, is 0.17 DU. The total uncertainty of Pandora SO2 VCD, estimated using measurements when the wind direction was away from the sources, is less than 0.26DU (1 sigma). Comparisons with integrated SO2 profiles from concurrent aircraft measurements support these estimates. C1 [Fioletov, Vitali E.; McLinden, Chris A.; Davies, Jonathan; Mihele, Cristian; Netcheva, Stoyka; Li, Shao-Meng; O'Brien, Jason] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Fioletov, Vitali E.; McLinden, Chris A.; Davies, Jonathan; Mihele, Cristian; Netcheva, Stoyka; Li, Shao-Meng; O'Brien, Jason] Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Cede, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Cede, Alexander] LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria. RP Fioletov, VE (reprint author), Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Fioletov, VE (reprint author), Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM vitali.fioletov@outlook.com FU Environment Canada's Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA); NASA Earth Science Division FX The authors wish to thank the NRC-FRL flight crew of the Convair 580 for making the airborne study possible. Funding for the airborne study over the oil sands region was provided in part by Environment Canada's Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA). We acknowledge the NASA Earth Science Division for funding of OMI SO2 product development and analysis. The Dutch-Finnish-built OMI instrument is part of the NASA's EOS Aura satellite payload. We thank systems engineering, instrument calibration, and satellite integration teams for making this mission a success. The OMI project is managed by KNMI and the Netherlands Space Agency (NSO). NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 2961 EP 2976 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2961-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9HQ UT WOS:000381094100001 ER PT J AU Gasso, S Torres, O AF Gasso, Santiago Torres, Omar TI The role of cloud contamination, aerosol layer height and aerosol model in the assessment of the OMI near-UV retrievals over the ocean SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; OPTICAL DEPTH; BLACK CARBON; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; NON-SPHERICITY; ABSORPTION; MODIS; DUST; PRODUCTS; ASSIMILATION AB Retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 388 nm over the ocean from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) two-channel near-UV algorithm (OMAERUV) have been compared with independent AOD measurements. The analysis was carried out over the open ocean (OMI and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) AOD comparisons) and over coastal and island sites (OMI and AERONET, the AErosol RObotic NETwork). Additionally, a research version of the retrieval algorithm (using MODIS and CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) information as constraints) was utilized to evaluate the sensitivity of the retrieval to different assumed aerosol properties. Overall, the comparison resulted in differences (OMI minus independent measurements) within the expected levels of uncertainty for the OMI AOD retrievals (0.1 for AOD<0.3, 30% for AOD>0.3). Using examples from case studies with outliers, the reasons that led to the observed differences were examined with specific purpose to determine whether they are related to instrument limitations (i.e., pixel size, calibration) or algorithm assumptions (such as aerosol shape, aerosol height). The analysis confirms that OMAERUV does an adequate job at rejecting cloudy scenes within the instrument's capabilities. There is a residual cloud contamination in OMI pixels with quality flag 0 (the best conditions for aerosol retrieval according to the algorithm), resulting in a bias towards high AODs in OMAERUV. This bias is more pronounced at low concentrations of absorbing aerosols (AOD 388 nm similar to <0.5). For higher aerosol loadings, the bias remains within OMI's AOD uncertainties. In pixels where OMAERUV assigned a dust aerosol model, a fraction of them (<20 %) had retrieved AODs significantly lower than AERONET and MODIS AODs. In a case study, a detailed examination of the aerosol height from CALIOP and the AODs from MODIS, along with sensitivity tests, was carried out by varying the different assumed parameters in the retrieval (imaginary index of refraction, size distribution, aerosol height, particle shape). It was found that the spherical shape assumption for dust in the current retrieval is the main cause of the underestimate. In addition, it is demonstrated in an example how an incorrect assumption of the aerosol height can lead to an underestimate. Nevertheless, this is not as significant as the effect of particle shape. These findings will be incorporated in a future version of the retrieval algorithm. C1 [Gasso, Santiago] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Lab, Code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Torres, Omar] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gasso, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Lab, Code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM santiago.gasso@nasa.gov FU Aura Project FX This work was carried out under NASA funding from the Aura Project managed by Ken Jucks. The authors wish to thank Oleg Duvobik for providing the spheroid scattering code and Hiren Jetvha for generating lookup tables for the calculations used in this paper. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 3031 EP 3052 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3031-2016 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9HQ UT WOS:000381094100005 ER PT J AU Warneke, C Trainer, M de Gouw, JA Parrish, DD Fahey, DW Ravishankara, AR Middlebrook, AM Brock, CA Roberts, JM Brown, SS Neuman, JA Lerner, BM Lack, D Law, D Hubler, G Pollack, I Sjostedt, S Ryerson, TB Gilman, JB Liao, J Holloway, J Peischl, J Nowak, JB Aikin, KC Min, KE Washenfelder, RA Graus, MG Richardson, M Markovic, MZ Wagner, NL Welti, A Veres, PR Edwards, P Schwarz, JP Gordon, T Dube, WP McKeen, SA Brioude, J Ahmadov, R Bougiatioti, A Lin, JJ Nenes, A Wolfe, GM Hanisco, TF Lee, BH Lopez-Hilfiker, FD Thornton, JA Keutsch, FN Kaiser, J Mao, JQ Hatch, CD AF Warneke, Carsten Trainer, Michael de Gouw, Joost A. Parrish, David D. Fahey, David W. Ravishankara, A. R. Middlebrook, Ann M. Brock, Charles A. Roberts, James M. Brown, Steven S. Neuman, Jonathan A. Lerner, Brian M. Lack, Daniel Law, Daniel Hubler, Gerhard Pollack, Iliana Sjostedt, Steven Ryerson, Thomas B. Gilman, Jessica B. Liao, Jin Holloway, John Peischl, Jeff Nowak, John B. Aikin, Kenneth C. Min, Kyung-Eun Washenfelder, Rebecca A. Graus, Martin G. Richardson, Mathew Markovic, Milos Z. Wagner, Nick L. Welti, Andre Veres, Patrick R. Edwards, Peter Schwarz, Joshua P. Gordon, Timothy Dube, William P. McKeen, Stuart A. Brioude, Jerome Ahmadov, Ravan Bougiatioti, Aikaterini Lin, Jack J. Nenes, Athanasios Wolfe, Glenn M. Hanisco, Thomas F. Lee, Ben H. Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D. Thornton, Joel A. Keutsch, Frank N. Kaiser, Jennifer Mao, Jingqiu Hatch, Courtney D. TI Instrumentation and measurement strategy for the NOAA SENEX aircraft campaign as part of the Southeast Atmosphere Study 2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; ENHANCED ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LIGHT-SCATTERING MODULE; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; NI-PT-CIMS; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION; COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES AB Natural emissions of ozone-and-aerosol-precursor gases such as isoprene and monoterpenes are high in the southeastern US. In addition, anthropogenic emissions are significant in the southeastern US and summertime photochemistry is rapid. The NOAA-led SENEX (Southeast Nexus) aircraft campaign was one of the major components of the Southeast Atmosphere Study (SAS) and was focused on studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions to form secondary pollutants. During SENEX, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted 20 research flights between 27 May and 10 July 2013 based out of Smyrna, TN. Here we describe the experimental approach, the science goals and early results of the NOAA SENEX campaign. The aircraft, its capabilities and standard measurements are described. The instrument payload is summarized including detection limits, accuracy, precision and time resolutions for all gas-and-aerosol phase instruments. The inter-comparisons of compounds measured with multiple instruments on the NOAA WP-3D are presented and were all within the stated uncertainties, except two of the three NO2 measurements. The SENEX flights included day-and nighttime flights in the southeastern US as well as flights over areas with intense shale gas extraction (Marcellus, Fayetteville and Haynesville shale). We present one example flight on 16 June 2013, which was a daytime flight over the Atlanta region, where several crosswind transects of plumes from the city and nearby point sources, such as power plants, paper mills and landfills, were flown. The area around Atlanta has large biogenic isoprene emissions, which provided an excellent case for studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. In this example flight, chemistry in and outside the Atlanta plumes was observed for several hours after emission. The analysis of this flight showcases the strategies implemented to answer some of the main SENEX science questions. C1 [Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Neuman, Jonathan A.; Lerner, Brian M.; Lack, Daniel; Law, Daniel; Hubler, Gerhard; Pollack, Iliana; Sjostedt, Steven; Gilman, Jessica B.; Liao, Jin; Holloway, John; Peischl, Jeff; Nowak, John B.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Min, Kyung-Eun; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Graus, Martin G.; Richardson, Mathew; Markovic, Milos Z.; Wagner, Nick L.; Welti, Andre; Veres, Patrick R.; Edwards, Peter; Gordon, Timothy; Dube, William P.; McKeen, Stuart A.; Brioude, Jerome; Ahmadov, Ravan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Warneke, Carsten; Trainer, Michael; de Gouw, Joost A.; Parrish, David D.; Fahey, David W.; Ravishankara, A. R.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Brock, Charles A.; Roberts, James M.; Brown, Steven S.; Neuman, Jonathan A.; Lerner, Brian M.; Lack, Daniel; Law, Daniel; Hubler, Gerhard; Pollack, Iliana; Sjostedt, Steven; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Liao, Jin; Holloway, John; Peischl, Jeff; Nowak, John B.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Min, Kyung-Eun; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Graus, Martin G.; Richardson, Mathew; Markovic, Milos Z.; Wagner, Nick L.; Welti, Andre; Veres, Patrick R.; Edwards, Peter; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Gordon, Timothy; Dube, William P.; McKeen, Stuart A.; Brioude, Jerome; Ahmadov, Ravan] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bougiatioti, Aikaterini; Lin, Jack J.; Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.; Hanisco, Thomas F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lee, Ben H.; Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.; Kaiser, Jennifer] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hatch, Courtney D.] Hendrix Coll, Dept Chem, 1600 Washington Ave, Conway, AR USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Athens, Greece. [Nenes, Athanasios] Natl Observ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Ravishankara, A. R.; Pollack, Iliana] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nowak, John B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Min, Kyung-Eun] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Gwangju, South Korea. [Graus, Martin G.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospher & Cryospher Sci, Innsbruck, Austria. [Markovic, Milos Z.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Proc Res Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Welti, Andre] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Edwards, Peter] Univ York, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Thornton, Joel A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Kaiser, Jennifer] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Warneke, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Warneke, C (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM carsten.warneke@noaa.gov RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Lin, Jack Jie/0000-0002-4453-1263; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807 FU US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality; US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [83540601]; NOAA OGP; EPA STAR; NASA ESSF grant [NNX14AK97H] FX The US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality supported S. McKeen and R. Ahmadov. We are grateful M. Dumas (NOAA Holling' s Scholar), D. Hughes, and A. Jaksich from Hendrix College for their help with the iWAS2 measurements. Participation of ISAF was enabled by US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program grant 83540601. A. Bougiatioti, J. J. Lin, A. Nenes, and J. Kaiser. acknowledge support from NOAA OGP and EPA STAR. JK acknowledges support from NASA ESSF grant NNX14AK97H. NR 105 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 3063 EP 3093 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3063-2016 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9HQ UT WOS:000381094100007 ER PT J AU Kuai, L Worden, JR Li, KF Hulley, GC Hopkins, FM Miller, CE Hook, SJ Duren, RM Aubrey, AD AF Kuai, Le Worden, John R. Li, King-Fai Hulley, Glynn C. Hopkins, Francesca M. Miller, Charles E. Hook, Simon J. Duren, Riley M. Aubrey, Andrew D. TI Characterization of anthropogenic methane plumes with the Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES): a retrieval method and error analysis SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LOS-ANGELES; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; QUANTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; RESOLUTION; MODEL; CH4 AB We introduce a retrieval algorithm to estimate lower tropospheric methane (CH4) concentrations from the surface to 1 km with uncertainty estimates using Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES) airborne radiance measurements. After resampling, retrievals have a spatial resolution of 6 x 6 m(2). The total error from a single retrieval is approximately 20 %, with the uncertainties determined primarily by noise and spectral interferences from air temperature, surface emissivity, and atmospheric water vapor. We demonstrate retrievals for a HyTES flight line over storage tanks near Kern River Oil Field (KROF), Kern County, California, and find an extended plume structure in the set of observations with elevated methane concentrations (3.0 +/- 0.6 to 6.0 +/- 1.2 ppm), well above mean concentrations (1.8 +/- 0.4 ppm) observed for this scene. With typically a 20% estimated uncertainty, plume enhancements with more than 1 ppm are distinguishable from the background values with its uncertainty. HyTES retrievals are consistent with simultaneous airborne and ground-based in situ CH4 mole fraction measurements within the reported accuracy of approximately 0.2 ppm (or similar to 8 %), due to retrieval interferences related to air temperature, emissivity, and H2O. C1 [Kuai, Le] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Worden, John R.; Hulley, Glynn C.; Hopkins, Francesca M.; Miller, Charles E.; Hook, Simon J.; Duren, Riley M.; Aubrey, Andrew D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Li, King-Fai] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kuai, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM lkuai@g.ucla.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA [NNX14AR40G] FX We would like to thank all other HyTES team members and the pilots for making the measurements and calibrating the data. This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. K.-F. Li was supported by NASA grant NNX14AR40G to the University of Washington. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 3165 EP 3173 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3165-2016 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9HQ UT WOS:000381094100012 ER PT J AU Shume, E Ao, C AF Shume, Esayas Ao, Chi TI Remote sensing of tropospheric turbulence using GPS radio occultation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE; SIGNALS AB Radio occultation (RO) measurements are sensitive to the small-scale irregularities in the atmosphere. In this study, we present a new technique to estimate tropospheric turbulence strength (namely, scintillation index) by analyzing RO amplitude fluctuations in impact parameter domain. GPS RO observations from the COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) satellites enabled us to calculate global maps of scintillation measures, revealing the seasonal, latitudinal, and longitudinal characteristics of the turbulent troposphere. Such information are both difficult and expensive to obtain especially over the oceans. To verify our approach, simulation experiments using the multiple phase screen (MPS) method were conducted. The results show that scintillation indices inferred from the MPS simulations are in good agreement with scintillation measures estimated from COSMIC observations. C1 [Shume, Esayas; Ao, Chi] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Shume, Esayas] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Shume, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Shume, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM esayas.b.shume@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA ROSES GNSS Remote Sensing Team [NNH11ZDA001N-GNSS] FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors would like to acknowledge grant support from NASA ROSES GNSS Remote Sensing Team (NNH11ZDA001N-GNSS). We thank the UCAR COSMIC Data analysis and Archive Center for access to the COSMIC raw data. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 3175 EP 3182 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3175-2016 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9HQ UT WOS:000381094100013 ER PT J AU Gupta, P Levy, RC Mattoo, S Remer, LA Munchak, LA AF Gupta, Pawan Levy, Robert C. Mattoo, Shana Remer, Lorraine A. Munchak, Leigh A. TI A surface reflectance scheme for retrieving aerosol optical depth over urban surfaces in MODIS Dark Target retrieval algorithm SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; AIR-QUALITY; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; LAND SURFACES; SATELLITE; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS AB The MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments, aboard the two Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites Terra and Aqua, provide aerosol information with nearly daily global coverage at moderate spatial resolution (10 and 3 km). Almost 15 years of aerosol data records are now available from MODIS that can be used for various climate and air-quality applications. However, the application of MODIS aerosol products for air-quality concerns is limited by a reduction in retrieval accuracy over urban surfaces. This is largely because the urban surface reflectance behaves differently than that assumed for natural surfaces. In this study, we address the inaccuracies produced by the MODIS Dark Target (MDT) algorithm aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals over urban areas and suggest improvements by modifying the surface reflectance scheme in the algorithm. By integrating MODIS Land Surface Reflectance and Land Cover Type information into the aerosol surface parameterization scheme for urban areas, much of the issues associated with the standard algorithm have been mitigated for our test region, the continental United States (CONUS). The new surface scheme takes into account the change in underlying surface type and is only applied for MODIS pixels with urban percentage (UP) larger than 20 %. Over the urban areas where the new scheme has been applied (UP >20 %), the number of AOD retrievals falling within expected error (EE %) has increased by 20 %, and the strong positive bias against ground-based sun photometry has been eliminated. However, we note that the new retrieval introduces a small negative bias for AOD values less than 0.1 due to the ultra-sensitivity of the AOD retrieval to the surface parameterization under low atmospheric aerosol loadings. Global application of the new urban surface parameterization appears promising, but further research and analysis are required before global implementation. C1 [Gupta, Pawan] USRA, GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Gupta, Pawan; Levy, Robert C.; Mattoo, Shana; Munchak, Leigh A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mattoo, Shana; Munchak, Leigh A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20709 USA. [Remer, Lorraine A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Gupta, P (reprint author), USRA, GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Gupta, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM pawan.gupta@nasa.gov RI Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013 OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303 FU NASA ROSES grants [Terra-Aqua: NNH13ZDA001N-TERAQEA MODIS] FX AERONET data were obtained from the NASA AERONET data server; we would like to thank the AERONET team for maintaining the network and data archive. We could not do this study without the AERONET and DRAGON teams' continuing support of quality-controlled, easy-access data. This project is supported through NASA ROSES grants under Terra-Aqua: NNH13ZDA001N-TERAQEA MODIS maintenance project. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 3293 EP 3308 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3293-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9HQ UT WOS:000381094100021 ER PT J AU Eckert, E Laeng, A Lossow, S Kellmann, S Stiller, G von Clarmann, T Glatthor, N Hopfner, M Kiefer, M Oelhaf, H Orphal, J Funke, B Grabowski, U Haenel, F Linden, A Wetzel, G Woiwode, W Bernath, PF Boone, C Dutton, GS Elkins, JW Engel, A Gille, JC Kolonjari, F Sugita, T Toon, GC Walker, KA AF Eckert, E. Laeng, A. Lossow, S. Kellmann, S. Stiller, G. von Clarmann, T. Glatthor, N. Hoepfner, M. Kiefer, M. Oelhaf, H. Orphal, J. Funke, B. Grabowski, U. Haenel, F. Linden, A. Wetzel, G. Woiwode, W. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. Dutton, G. S. Elkins, J. W. Engel, A. Gille, J. C. Kolonjari, F. Sugita, T. Toon, G. C. Walker, K. A. TI MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) measurements: accuracy, precision and long-term stability SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING MIPAS; LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; VERTICAL PROFILES; STR MEASUREMENTS; OZONE LOSS; ILAS-II; VALIDATION; SPECTROMETER AB Profiles of CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the European satellite Envisat have been retrieved from versions MIPAS/4.61 to MI-PAS/4.62 and MIPAS/5.02 to MIPAS/5.06 level-1b data using the scientific level-2 processor run by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA). These profiles have been compared to measurements taken by the balloon-borne cryosampler, Mark IV (MkIV) and MIPAS-Balloon (MIPAS-B), the airborne MIPAS-STRatospheric aircraft (MIPAS-STR), the satellite-borne Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the High Resolution Dynamic Limb Sounder (HIRDLS), as well as the ground-based Halocarbon and other Atmospheric Trace Species (HATS) network for the reduced spectral resolution period (RR: January 2005-April 2012) of MIPAS. ACE-FTS, MkIV and HATS also provide measurements during the high spectral resolution period (full resolution, FR: July 2002-March 2004) and were used to validate MIPAS CFC-11 and CFC-12 products during that time, as well as profiles from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer, ILAS-II. In general, we find that MIPAS shows slightly higher values for CFC-11 at the lower end of the profiles (below similar to 15 km) and in a comparison of HATS ground-based data and MIPAS measurements at 3 km below the tropopause. Differences range from approximately 10 to 50 pptv (similar to 5-20 %) during the RR period. In general, differences are slightly smaller for the FR period. An indication of a slight high bias at the lower end of the profile exists for CFC-12 as well, but this bias is far less pronounced than for CFC-11 and is not as obvious in the relative differences between MIPAS and any of the comparison instruments. Differences at the lower end of the profile (below similar to 15 km) and in the comparison of HATS and MIPAS measurements taken at 3 km below the tropopause mainly stay within 10-50 pptv (corresponding to similar to 2-10% for CFC-12) for the RR and the FR period. Between similar to 15 and 30 km, most comparisons agree within 10-20 pptv (10-20 %), apart from ILAS-II, which shows large differences above similar to 17 km. Overall, relative differences are usually smaller for CFC-12 than for CFC-11. For both species -CFC-11 and CFC-12 - we find that differences at the lower end of the profile tend to be larger at higher latitudes than in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, MIPAS profiles have a maximum in their mixing ratio around the tropopause, which is most obvious in tropical mean profiles. Comparisons of the standard deviation in a quiescent atmosphere (polar summer) show that only the CFC-12 FR error budget can fully explain the observed variability, while for the other products (CFC-11 FR and RR and CFC-12 RR) only two-thirds to three-quarters can be explained. Investigations regarding the temporal stability show very small negative drifts in MIPAS CFC-11 measurements. These instrument drifts vary between similar to 1 and 3% decade(-1). For CFC-12, the drifts are also negative and close to zero up to similar to 30 km. Above that altitude, larger drifts of up to similar to 50% decade(-1) appear which are negative up to similar to 35 km and positive, but of a similar magnitude, above. C1 [Eckert, E.; Laeng, A.; Lossow, S.; Kellmann, S.; Stiller, G.; von Clarmann, T.; Glatthor, N.; Hoepfner, M.; Kiefer, M.; Oelhaf, H.; Orphal, J.; Grabowski, U.; Haenel, F.; Linden, A.; Wetzel, G.; Woiwode, W.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Funke, B.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Bernath, P. F.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Boone, C.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Dutton, G. S.; Elkins, J. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dutton, G. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmosphare & Umwelt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Gille, J. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gille, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Limb Atmospher Sounding, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kolonjari, F.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Sugita, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Eckert, E (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM ellen.eckert@kit.edu FU DLR [50EE0901]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; EU-project RECONCILE [15 226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1]; BMBF-project ENVIVAL-Life (DLR grant) [50EE0841]; European Space Agency (ESA); German Aerospace Center (DLR); CNRS (Centre National de la Recherch-eScientifique); CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales); Ministry of the Environment of Japan FX The retrievals of IMK/IAA were partly performed on the HP XC4000 of the Scientific Supercomputing Center (SSC), Karlsruhe, under project grant MIPAS. IMK data analysis was supported by DLR under contract number 50EE0901. MIPAS level 1B data were provided by ESA. We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Data collection and analysis of MIPAS-STR data used here were supported by the EU-project RECONCILE (grant no. 15 226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1) and the BMBF-project ENVIVAL-Life (DLR grant no. 50EE0841). Balloon flights and data analysis of MIPAS-B data used here were supported by the European Space Agency (ESA), the German Aerospace Center (DLR), CNRS (Centre National de la Recherch-eScientifique) and CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales). The ILAS-ll project was funded by Ministry of the Environment of Japan. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 3355 EP 3389 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3355-2016 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9HQ UT WOS:000381094100025 ER PT J AU Fisher, JB Sikka, M Huntzinger, DN Schwalm, C Liu, JJ AF Fisher, Joshua B. Sikka, Munish Huntzinger, Deborah N. Schwalm, Christopher Liu, Junjie TI Technical note: 3-hourly temporal downscaling of monthly global terrestrial biosphere model net ecosystem exchange SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM MULTISCALE SYNTHESIS; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-CYCLE; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; SURFACE; FLUX AB The land surface provides a boundary condition to atmospheric forward and flux inversion models. These models require prior estimates of CO2 fluxes at relatively high temporal resolutions (e.g., 3-hourly) because of the high frequency of atmospheric mixing and wind heterogeneity. However, land surface model CO2 fluxes are often provided at monthly time steps, typically because the land surface modeling community focuses more on time steps associated with plant phenology (e.g., seasonal) than on sub-daily phenomena. Here, we describe a new dataset created from 15 global land surface models and 4 ensemble products in the Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP), temporally downscaled from monthly to 3-hourly output. We provide 3-hourly output for each individual model over 7 years (2004-2010), as well as an ensemble mean, a weighted ensemble mean, and the multi-model standard deviation. Output is provided in three different spatial resolutions for user preferences: 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees, 2.0 degrees x 2.5 degrees, and 4.0 degrees x 5.0 degrees (latitude x longitude). These data are publicly available from doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1315. C1 [Fisher, Joshua B.; Sikka, Munish; Liu, Junjie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Huntzinger, Deborah N.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, 527 S Beaver St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Schwalm, Christopher] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. RP Fisher, JB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM joshbfisher@gmail.com OI Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085 FU NASA; NASA ROSES [NNX10AGO01A, NNH10AN681]; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Funding for this work was provided by NASA's Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) and NASA's Carbon Cycle Science (CARBON) programs. We thank the MsTMIP modeling teams for providing the model output. Access and information about MsTMIP model output can be found at http://nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/, along with model and model team participant information. Funding for the MsTMIP activity was provided through NASA ROSES grant no. NNX10AGO01A. Data management support for preparing, documenting, and distributing MsTMIP model driver and output data was performed by the Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory with funding through NASA ROSES grant no. NNH10AN681. We thank Dennis Baldocchi and Siyan Ma for providing the Tonzi Ranch AmeriFlux/FLUXNET data; funding for AmeriFlux data resources and core site data was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. Two reviewers provided useful suggestions on how to improve the paper. The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Copyright 2016. All rights reserved. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 14 BP 4271 EP 4277 DI 10.5194/bg-13-4271-2016 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DT0ZU UT WOS:000381212300013 ER PT J AU Brunt, KM Neumann, TA Amundson, JM Kavanaugh, JL Moussavi, MS Walsh, KM Cook, WB Markus, T AF Brunt, Kelly M. Neumann, Thomas A. Amundson, Jason M. Kavanaugh, Jeffrey L. Moussavi, Mahsa S. Walsh, Kaitlin M. Cook, William B. Markus, Thorsten TI MABEL photon-counting laser altimetry data in Alaska for ICESat-2 simulations and development SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; ELEVATION CHANGES; LIDAR; MISSION; ACCURACY; DEPTH AB Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) is scheduled to launch in late 2017 and will carry the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS), which is a photon-counting laser altimeter and represents a new approach to satellite determination of surface elevation. Given the new technology of ATLAS, an airborne instrument, the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), was developed to provide data needed for satellite-algorithm development and ICESat-2 error analysis. MABEL was deployed out of Fairbanks, Alaska, in July 2014 to provide a test dataset for algorithm development in summer conditions with water-saturated snow and ice surfaces. Here we compare MABEL lidar data to in situ observations in Southeast Alaska to assess instrument performance in summer conditions and in the presence of glacier surface melt ponds and a wet snowpack. Results indicate the following: (1) based on MABEL and in situ data comparisons, the ATLAS 90m beam-spacing strategy will provide a valid assessment of across-track slope that is consistent with shallow slopes (<1 degrees) of an ice-sheet interior over 50 to 150m length scales; (2) the dense along-track sampling strategy of photon counting systems can provide crevasse detail; and (3) MABEL 532 nm wavelength light may sample both the surface and subsurface of shallow (approximately 2 m deep) supraglacial melt ponds. The data associated with crevasses and melt ponds indicate the potential ICESat-2 will have for the study of mountain and other small glaciers. C1 [Brunt, Kelly M.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brunt, Kelly M.; Neumann, Thomas A.; Walsh, Kaitlin M.; Cook, William B.; Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Amundson, Jason M.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Dept Nat Sci, Juneau, AK USA. [Kavanaugh, Jeffrey L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Moussavi, Mahsa S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moussavi, Mahsa S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, NSIDC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Walsh, Kaitlin M.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Brunt, KM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Brunt, KM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kelly.m.brunt@nasa.gov RI Neumann, Thomas/D-5264-2012 FU NASA ICESat-2 Project Science Office; NSF-PLR [1303895, 1043681] FX Funding for this project was through the NASA ICESat-2 Project Science Office. Funding for J. M. Amundson was provided by NSF-PLR 1303895. We acknowledge the considerable efforts of the Project, Science, and Instrument teams of NASA's ICESat-2 and MABEL missions. We thank the following people: Eugenia De Marco (ASRC Aerospace Corp., NASA/GSFC) and Dan Reed (Sigma Space Corp., NASA/GSFC) for MABEL instrument support; Scott Luthcke (NASA/GSFC), David Hancock (NASA/WFF), and Jeff Lee (NASA/WFF) for MABEL data calibration; Scott McGee and Ya' Shonti Bridgers (JIRP) for GPS field data collection and data processing support; and NASA/AFRC (specifically ER-2 pilots Tim Williams and Denis Steele) for Alaska airborne support. WorldView imagery was provided by the Polar Geospatial Center at the University of Minnesota, which is supported by NSF-PLR 1043681. GPS receivers for the survey of the terminus of the Lower Taku Glacier were provided by UNAVCO. GPS receivers for the JIRP survey were provided by Werner Stempfhuber of the Beuth University of Applied Sciences. And, finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their highly constructive suggestions. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2016 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1707 EP 1719 DI 10.5194/tc-10-1707-2016 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DT1BZ UT WOS:000381218000014 ER PT J AU Koenig, LS Ivanoff, A Alexander, PM MacGregor, JA Fettweis, X Panzer, B Paden, JD Forster, RR Das, I McConnell, JR Tedesco, M Leuschen, C Gogineni, P AF Koenig, Lora S. Ivanoff, Alvaro Alexander, Patrick M. MacGregor, Joseph A. Fettweis, Xavier Panzer, Ben Paden, John D. Forster, Richard R. Das, Indrani McConnell, Joesph R. Tedesco, Marco Leuschen, Carl Gogineni, Prasad TI Annual Greenland accumulation rates (2009-2012) from airborne snow radar SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; SURFACE INTERNAL LAYERS; REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; TERRA-NOVA BAY; ICE-SHEET; MASS-BALANCE; SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY; MELTWATER STORAGE; ANTARCTIC PLATEAU; WIDE-BAND AB Contemporary climate warming over the Arctic is accelerating mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet through increasing surface melt, emphasizing the need to closely monitor its surface mass balance in order to improve sea-level rise predictions. Snow accumulation is the largest component of the ice sheet's surface mass balance, but in situ observations thereof are inherently sparse and models are difficult to evaluate at large scales. Here, we quantify recent Greenland accumulation rates using ultra-wideband (2-6.5 GHz) airborne snow radar data collected as part of NASA's Operation IceBridge between 2009 and 2012. We use a semiautomated method to trace the observed radiostratigraphy and then derive annual net accumulation rates for 2009-2012. The uncertainty in these radar-derived accumulation rates is on average 14 %. A comparison of the radar-derived accumulation rates and contemporaneous ice cores shows that snow radar captures both the annual and long-term mean accumulation rate accurately. A comparison with outputs from a regional climate model (MAR) shows that this model matches radar-derived accumulation rates in the ice sheet interior but produces higher values over southeastern Greenland. Our results demonstrate that snow radar can efficiently and accurately map patterns of snow accumulation across an ice sheet and that it is valuable for evaluating the accuracy of surface mass balance models. C1 [Koenig, Lora S.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ivanoff, Alvaro] ADNET Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Alexander, Patrick M.; Tedesco, Marco] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [MacGregor, Joseph A.] NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab Code 615, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Fettweis, Xavier] Univ Liege, Dept Geog, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Panzer, Ben; Paden, John D.; Leuschen, Carl; Gogineni, Prasad] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Forster, Richard R.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Das, Indrani] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. [McConnell, Joesph R.; Tedesco, Marco] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV USA. RP Koenig, LS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lora.koenig@colorado.edu FU NASA; NSF [1304700]; NASA [NNX15AL45G, NNX14AD98G]; University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund FX This work was supported by the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program and by the NSF grant no. 1304700 and the NASA grants no. NNX15AL45G and no. NNX14AD98G. Data collection and instrument development were made possible by The University of Kansas' Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) supported by the National Science Foundation and NASA's Operation IceBridge. Publication of this article was funded by the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2016 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1739 EP 1752 DI 10.5194/tc-10-1739-2016 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DT1BZ UT WOS:000381218000016 ER PT S AU Cooper, KB AF Cooper, Ken B. BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI Imaging, Doppler, and Spectroscopic Radars from 95 to 700 GHz SO PASSIVE AND ACTIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XIX CY APR 21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Millimeter-wave radar; THz radar; FMCW radar; security imaging AB Imaging, Doppler, and spectroscopic radars from 95 to 700 GHz, all using the frequency-modulated continuous-wave technique, are in various stages of development for both defense and science applications at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. For standoff security screening, a 340 GHz imaging radar now achieves an 8.3 Hz frame, and it has been tested using power-efficient MMIC-based active multiplier sources into its front end. That system evolved from a 680 GHz security radar platform, which has also been modified to operate in a Doppler mode for probing the dynamics of blowing sand and sensing small-amplitude target vibrations. Meanwhile, 95 and 183 GHz radars based on similar RF architectures are currently being developed to probe cometary jets in space and, using a differential absorption technique, humidity inside upper-tropospheric clouds. C1 [Cooper, Ken B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Cooper, KB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0071-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9830 AR 983005 DI 10.1117/12.2222737 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF4TM UT WOS:000381692700003 ER PT S AU Sainath, K Teixeira, FL Hensley, S AF Sainath, Kamalesh Teixeira, Fernando L. Hensley, Scott BE Kurowska, A Misiurewicz, J TI Numerical Study of Co-Polarized InSAR Phase Bias in Remote Sensing of Layered Media SO 2016 17TH INTERNATIONAL RADAR SYMPOSIUM (IRS) SE International Radar Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS) CY MAY 10-12, 2016 CL Krakow, POLAND DE Electromagnetic propagation; radar interferometry; radar polarimetry; radar remote sensing ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; INTERFEROMETRY; PENETRATION; ICE; SNOW AB We numerically explore, for a three-layered dielectric medium, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coherence phase bias arising from co-polarized interferometric observations of electromagnetic (EM) interrogation of, and scattering from, penetrable subsurface media which can be approximated (at least locally, at the SAR pixel level) as planar layered. A recently-developed incoherent scattering model now allows prediction of InSAR phase bias arising from the radar wave undergoing an (if neglecting radar time-gating) unending succession of subsurface specular reflections ("multi-bounce"), which is crucial for more comprehensively understanding interferometric observations (both terrestrial and extraterrestrial) of many low-loss layered structures. Our paper's results are as follows. First, for increasing subsurface wave attenuation the phase bias approaches zero (backscattering top interface) or the thickness of the subsurface slab (backscatter-free top interface). Second, increasing dielectric contrast between the central and outer two layers elevates (reduces) phase bias for a top interface weakly (strongly) backscattering power relative to the bottom interface. We conclude that subsurface scatter-enhanced phase bias should become significant primarily for geological structures characterized by a weakly-backscattering (i.e., very smooth) top interface and low-attenuating subsurface, which are attributes that may reasonably be used to describe the EM scattering properties of many manifestations of ice, snow, dry soil, and hyper-arid sand or regolith-mantled bedrock structures. C1 [Sainath, Kamalesh; Teixeira, Fernando L.] Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Hensley, Scott] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sainath, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM sainath.1@osu.edu; teixeira@ece.osu.edu; scott.hensley@jpl.nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-5745 BN 978-1-5090-2518-3 J9 INT RADAR SYMP PROC PY 2016 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF4ZJ UT WOS:000381801100055 ER PT S AU Sainath, K Teixeira, FL Hensley, S AF Sainath, Kamalesh Teixeira, Fernando L. Hensley, Scott BE Kurowska, A Misiurewicz, J TI Cross-Pol InSAR Coherence Degradation due to Wave Penetration into Layered, Anisotropic Media SO 2016 17TH INTERNATIONAL RADAR SYMPOSIUM (IRS) SE International Radar Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS) CY MAY 10-12, 2016 CL Krakow, POLAND DE Electromagnetic propagation; radar interferometry; radar polarimetry; radar remote sensing ID INTERFEROMETRY; DECORRELATION AB We numerically study degradation in the cross polarized, complex-valued Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coherence's magnitude (correlation) and phase due to electromagnetic (EM) wave penetration and guidance within planar-layered, (effectively) electrically anisotropic (i.e., electric field direction dependent) geophysical media. Specifically, we examine scenarios involving subsurface layers exhibiting electrical response given by deviated anisotropic tensors exhibiting low loss and high inter-layer dielectric contrast (i.e., strong subsurface wave guidance), as well as predominantly cross-pol specular interface scatter (XSIS)-based subsurface backscatter. We hypothesize that this scenario can occur within myriad layered geophysical structures containing media hosting a distribution of sub-wavelength, non-spherical inclusions with mean non-vertical orientation. Guidance-enhanced, XSIS-based backscatter we predict can dominate cross-pol InSAR observations (particularly at lower frequencies such as P-band) concerning these types of structures, leading (in the limit of stronger wave guidance) to rapid, inverse-quadratic degradation of correlation versus InSAR spatial baseline, as well as high and linearly divergent phase bias. Modeling the dominant cross pot backscatter mechanisms adds another tool for Polarimetric InSAR (PoIInSAR) data interpretation and inversion concerning sea ice and other complex layered geophysical structures which can contain media possessing effective anisotropic dielectric response. C1 [Sainath, Kamalesh; Teixeira, Fernando L.] Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Hensley, Scott] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sainath, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM sainath.1@osu.edu; teixeira@ece.osu.edu; scott.hensley@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-5745 BN 978-1-5090-2518-3 J9 INT RADAR SYMP PROC PY 2016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF4ZJ UT WOS:000381801100029 ER PT J AU Richter, I Auster, HU Berghofer, G Carr, C Cupido, E Fornacon, KH Goetz, C Heinisch, P Koenders, C Stoll, B Tsurutani, BT Vallat, C Volwerk, M Glassmeier, KH AF Richter, Ingo Auster, Hans-Ulrich Berghofer, Gerhard Carr, Chris Cupido, Emanuele Fornacon, Karl-Heinz Goetz, Charlotte Heinisch, Philip Koenders, Christoph Stoll, Bernd Tsurutani, Bruce T. Vallat, Claire Volwerk, Martin Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz TI Two-point observations of low-frequency waves at 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during the descent of PHILAE: comparison of RPCMAG and ROMAP SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary physics; interplanetary magnetic fields; space plasma physics; waves and instabilities; space plasma physics; instruments and techniques ID MAGNETIC-FIELD OBSERVATIONS; ROSETTA PLASMA CONSORTIUM; COMET 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO; FLUXGATE MAGNETOMETER; MAG AB The European Space Agency's spacecraft ROSETTA has reached its final destination, comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Whilst orbiting in the close vicinity of the nucleus the ROSETTA magnetometers detected a new type of low-frequency wave possibly generated by a cross-field current instability due to freshly ionized cometary water group particles. During separation, descent and landing of the lander PHILAE on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, we used the unique opportunity to perform combined measurements with the magnetometers onboard ROSETTA (RPCMAG) and its lander PHILAE (ROMAP). New details about the spatial distribution of wave properties along the connection line of the ROSETTA orbiter and the lander PHILAE are revealed. An estimation of the observed amplitude, phase and wavelength distribution will be presented as well as the measured dispersion relation, characterizing the new type of low-frequency waves. The propagation direction and polarization features will be discussed using the results of a minimum variance analysis. Thoughts about the size of the wave source will complete our study. C1 [Richter, Ingo; Auster, Hans-Ulrich; Fornacon, Karl-Heinz; Goetz, Charlotte; Heinisch, Philip; Koenders, Christoph; Stoll, Bernd; Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz] TU Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Berghofer, Gerhard; Volwerk, Martin] Inst Weltraumforsch, Schmiedlstr 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Carr, Chris; Cupido, Emanuele] Imperial Coll London, Exhibit Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Tsurutani, Bruce T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Vallat, Claire] European Space Astron Ctr, Rosetta Sci Ground Segment, Madrid 28691, Spain. RP Richter, I (reprint author), TU Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. EM i.richter@tu-bs.de FU German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Energie; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt [50QP 1401]; NASA FX The RPCMAG and ROMAP data will be made available through the PSA archive of ESA and the PDS archive of NASA. Rosetta is a European Space Agency (ESA) mission with contributions from its member states and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The work on RPCMAG and ROMAP was financially supported by the German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Energie and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt under contract 50QP 1401. We thank the European taxpayers for the kind support of our space research. All computations concerning the s/c position and orientation have been calculated with use of the SPICE software developed by NASA's NAIF team. We thank K. C. Hansen for providing two values for the gas production rate which were extracted from a plot of a talk given at the ROSETTA SWT meeting at ESAC in December 2015. Portions of this research were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. We are indebted to the whole Rosetta Mission Team, SGS, and RMOC for their outstanding efforts making this mission possible. We express our sincere gratitude to the referees of this paper who contributed significantly to the finishing touch of this publication. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2016 VL 34 IS 7 BP 609 EP 622 DI 10.5194/angeo-34-609-2016 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9IT UT WOS:000381097000004 ER PT J AU Montesano, PM Sun, GQ Dubayah, RO Ranson, KJ AF Montesano, Paul M. Sun, Guoqing Dubayah, Ralph O. Ranson, K. Jon TI S91 Spaceborne potential for examining taiga-tundra ecotone form and vulnerability SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BOREAL CONIFER FORESTS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; SEWARD PENINSULA; BIOMASS; DYNAMICS; LIDAR; TREELINE; CLIMATE; UNCERTAINTY; PATTERNS AB In the taiga-tundra ecotone (TTE), site-dependent forest structure characteristics can influence the subtle and heterogeneous structural changes that occur across the broad circumpolar extent. Such changes may be related to ecotone form, described by the horizontal and vertical patterns of forest structure (e.g., tree cover, density, and height) within TTE forest patches, driven by local site conditions, and linked to ecotone dynamics. The unique circumstance of subtle, variable, and widespread vegetation change warrants the application of spaceborne data including high-resolution (<5 m) spaceborne imagery (HRSI) across broad scales for examining TTE form and predicting dynamics. This study analyzes forest structure at the patch scale in the TTE to provide a means to examine both vertical and horizontal components of ecotone form. We demonstrate the potential of spaceborne data for integrating forest height and density to assess TTE form at the scale of forest patches across the circumpolar biome by (1) mapping forest patches in study sites along the TTE in northern Siberia with a multi-resolution suite of spaceborne data and (2) examining the uncertainty of forest patch height from this suite of data across sites of primarily diffuse TTE forms. Results demonstrate the opportunities for improving patch-scale spaceborne estimates of forest height, the vertical component of TTE form, with HRSI. The distribution of relative maximum height uncertainty based on prediction intervals is centered at similar to 40%, constraining the use of height for discerning differences in forest patches. We discuss this uncertainty in light of a conceptual model of general ecotone forms and highlight how the uncertainty of spaceborne estimates of height can contribute to the uncertainty in identifying TTE forms. A focus on reducing the uncertainty of height estimates in forest patches may improve depiction of TTE form, which may help explain variable forest responses in the TTE to climate change and the vulnerability of portions of the TTE to forest structure change. C1 [Montesano, Paul M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Montesano, Paul M.; Sun, Guoqing; Ranson, K. Jon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sun, Guoqing; Dubayah, Ralph O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Montesano, PM (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.; Montesano, PM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM paul.m.montesano@nasa.gov FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program FX Funding for this work was provided by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 13 BP 3847 EP 3861 DI 10.5194/bg-13-3847-2016 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DS9JW UT WOS:000381099900001 ER PT S AU Johnson, WR Hook, SJ AF Johnson, William R. Hook, Simon J. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Hanson, CM Norton, PR TI Mid and thermal infrared remote sensing at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XLII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42 Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XLII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE imaging; spectroscopy; QWIP; MCT; Thermopile; CBIRD; thermal; LWIR; Dyson ID DIVINER LUNAR RADIOMETER; DETECTOR; ARRAYS AB The mid and thermal infrared (MTIR) for the Earth surface is defined between 3 and 14 mu m. In the outer solar system, objects are colder and their Planck response shifts towards longer wavelengths. Hence for these objects (e.g. icy moons, polar caps, comets, Europa), the thermal IR definition usually stretches out to 50 mu m and beyond. Spectroscopy has been a key part of this scientific exploration because of its ability to remotely determine elemental and mineralogical composition. Many key gas species such as methane, ammonia, sulfur, etc. also have vibrational bands which show up in the thermal infrared spectrum above the background response. Over the past few decades, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has been building up a portfolio of technology to capture the MTIR for various scientific applications. Three recent sensors are briefly reviewed: The airborne Hyperspectral thermal emission spectrometer (HyTES), the ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) and Mars Climate Sounder (MCS)/DIVINER. Each of these sensors utilize a different technology to provide a remote sensing product based on MTIR science. For example, HyTES is a push-brooming hyperspectral imager which utilizes a large format quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP). The goal is to transition this to a new complementary barrier infrared photodetector (CBIRD) with a similar long wave cut-off and increased sensitivity. ECOSTRESS is a push-whisk Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT) based high speed, multi-band, imager which will eventually observe and characterize plant/vegetation functionality and stress index from the International Space Station (ISS) across the contiguous United States (CONUS). MCS/DIVINER utilizes thermopile technology to capture the thermal emission from the polar caps and shadow regions of the moon. Each sensor utilizes specific JPL technology to capture unique science. C1 [Johnson, William R.; Hook, Simon J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Johnson, WR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM William.R.Johnson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0060-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9819 AR 98190H DI 10.1117/12.2225527 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF4JD UT WOS:000381071600017 ER PT S AU Ting, DZ Soibel, A Hoglund, L Hill, CJ Keo, SA Fisher, AM Khoshakhlagh, A Gunapala, SD AF Ting, David Z. Soibel, Alexander Hoglund, Linda Hill, Cory J. Keo, Sam A. Fisher, Anita M. Khoshakhlagh, Arezou Gunapala, Sarath D. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Hanson, CM Norton, PR TI High-temperature turn-on behavior of an nBn infrared detector SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XLII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42 Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XLII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE infrared detector; nBn; MWIR AB High-temperature characteristics of a mid-wavelength infrared detector based on the Maimon-Wicks InAsSb/AlAsSb nBn design indicates that the quantum efficiency does not degrade when the operating temperature increases to above room temperature. However, it was also found that the turn-on bias becomes larger at higher temperatures. This counter-intuitive behavior was originally attributed to the change in the band alignment between the absorber and top contact layers due to Fermi level temperature dependence. Recent analysis shows that this is more likely due to temperature-dependent band bending effects. Dark current mechanism is analyzed based on minority carrier lifetime measurements. The difference between the responsivity and absorption quantum efficiencies is clarified. C1 [Ting, David Z.; Soibel, Alexander; Hoglund, Linda; Hill, Cory J.; Keo, Sam A.; Fisher, Anita M.; Khoshakhlagh, Arezou; Gunapala, Sarath D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hoglund, Linda] IRnova AB, Kista, Sweden. RP Ting, DZ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Ctr Infrared Photodetectors, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0060-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9819 AR 98190Y DI 10.1117/12.2230907 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF4JD UT WOS:000381071600032 ER PT J AU Antolovich, SD Busso, EP Skelton, P Telesman, J AF Antolovich, Stephen D. Busso, Esteban P. Skelton, Peter Telesman, Jack TI High temperature materials for aerospace applications SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Antolovich, Stephen D.] Georgia Tech, Mat Sci & Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Antolovich, Stephen D.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Busso, Esteban P.] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Natl Aerosp Res Ctr, BP 80100, F-91123 Palaiseau, France. [Telesman, Jack] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Antolovich, SD (reprint author), Georgia Tech, Mat Sci & Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Antolovich, SD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM stevea@gatech.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 EI 1878-6413 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2016 VL 33 IS 4-5 SI SI BP 289 EP 290 DI 10.1080/09603409.2016.1206294 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DS2AD UT WOS:000380515300001 ER PT J AU Smialek, JL Bonacuse, PJ AF Smialek, James L. Bonacuse, Peter J. TI Compositional effects on the cyclic oxidation resistance of conventional superalloys SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article DE Superalloys; Cyclic oxidation; Compositional effects; Scale phases ID CR-AL ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; COSP; MO AB The 1100 degrees C cyclic oxidation performance of 25 Ni-base commercial and developmental alloys was compiled from an extensive database and ranked according to the 200 h weight change. Cyclic oxidation performance of superalloys is directly controlled by composition. These conventionally cast superalloys were composed of base elements [Ni-Co-Cr-Al], refractory elements [Nb-Mo-Ta-W], oxygen-active elements [Ti-Zr-Hf], light elements [B, C], and occasionally [V-Mn-Si], with P and S trace impurities. The oxidation results were broadly categorised as less than 4 mg/cm(2) weight loss for alloys with high 5-6% Al and 3-9% Ta, and with low <= 1% Ti ( wt.%). Conversely, weight loss of 200-300 mg/cm2 characterised alloys containing low < 3.5% Al, no Ta, and high > 3% Ti. These trends correlated with beneficial and detrimental scale phases previously reported. An unambiguous Cr effect was masked because of its strongly coupled, but inverse, correlation with Al. Multiple linear regression was used to fit alloy composition to a simple logarithmic weight change transform. The function contained 10 terms and yielded a correlation coefficient, r(2), of 0.84. Various graphical representations helped to further illustrate, quantify, and predict complex oxidation effects within a 10-element compositional space. C1 [Smialek, James L.; Bonacuse, Peter J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Mat & Struct Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Smialek, JL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Mat & Struct Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM james.l.smialek@nasa.gov FU NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program FX This work was funded by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 EI 1878-6413 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2016 VL 33 IS 4-5 SI SI BP 489 EP 500 DI 10.1080/09603409.2016.1160501 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DS2AD UT WOS:000380515300019 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, J Draper, S AF Nesbitt, James Draper, Susan TI Pit morphology and depth after low-temperature hot corrosion of a disc alloy SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article DE Disc; corrosion; pits; pitting; hot corrosion; Type II; LTHC ID NICKEL AB Hot corrosion of the low solvus, high refractory (LSHR) disc alloy was studied at 700 degrees C. The purpose of this study was to determine the conditions which result in a discrete, isolated pit morphology and to examine the influence of SO2 gas additions and various salt concentrations on the depth of those pits. Three salts, pure Na2SO4 and two Na2SO4-MgSO4 compositions, were used. It was found that with a eutectic Na2SO4-MgSO4 salt, there was no significant increase in pit depth between 0 and 30 ppm SO2 when O-2 was also present in the gas stream. Gas flow was observed to affect pit formation, but the variation in the position of the corrosion mounds/pits on the sample surface was unexpected. There was limited evidence that pit nucleation was not associated with grain boundaries or grain triple point junctions. An evolution from single, isolated pits, to coalesced pits, to overlapping pits on a single sample was observed. At higher SO2 concentrations, the extent of attack increased, resulting in a uniform type of attack morphology with significant metal loss across the sample surface. It was concluded that hot corrosion attack by pit formation for these conditions is not easily explained or predicted. C1 [Nesbitt, James; Draper, Susan] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Nesbitt, J (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM James.A.Nesbitt@nasa.gov FU Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Office, Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate FX Funding provided by the Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Office, Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 EI 1878-6413 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2016 VL 33 IS 4-5 SI SI BP 501 EP 516 DI 10.1080/09603409.2016.1174476 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DS2AD UT WOS:000380515300020 ER PT J AU Telesman, J Gabb, TP Yamada, Y Draper, SL AF Telesman, J. Gabb, T. P. Yamada, Y. Draper, S. L. TI Fatigue resistance of a hot corrosion exposed disk superalloy at varied test temperatures SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article DE Hot corrosion; Superalloys; Fatigue resistance; Corrosion pits; Stress concentration ID BEHAVIOR AB The fatigue resistance of the hot corrosion pitted ME3 disk superalloy was investigated. Low cycle fatigue specimens were subjected to hot corrosion exposures that produced pits on the gage sections. These specimens were tested at varied temperatures and strain ranges. Corrosion pitting influenced fatigue life and failure mode by varying degrees, depending on temperature and strain range. As observed through interrupted tests, fatigue cracks initiated at a smaller fraction of life for high-temperature tests, in comparison to that at low temperatures. Correspondingly, the crack initiation failure mode changed significantly with test temperature. While cracks initiated from the hot corrosion pits for all test conditions, at 704 degrees C the intergranular initiation failure mode was dominant, whereas at the lower temperatures cracks initiated within the pits from crystallographic facets. Finite element analyses were performed to quantify the effect of varying pit dimensions and spacing on elastic stress concentration. The highest stress concentration was calculated to occur at the narrow ligaments between overlapping hot corrosion pits. Increasing the number of overlapping pits did not further add to the stress concentration. There was good qualitative agreement between the calculated stress concentrations and the location of crack initiations for tests conducted at 704 degrees C but not for tests conducted at 204 degrees C. C1 [Telesman, J.; Gabb, T. P.; Draper, S. L.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Yamada, Y.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. [Yamada, Y.] Honeywell Int, Torrance, CA 90504 USA. RP Telesman, J (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM ignacy.telesman-1@nasa.gov FU NASA's Advanced Air Transportation Technology Project - Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate FX This work supports the objectives and goals of NASA's Advanced Air Transportation Technology Project funded by the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 EI 1878-6413 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2016 VL 33 IS 4-5 SI SI BP 517 EP 527 DI 10.1080/09603409.2016.1179000 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DS2AD UT WOS:000380515300021 ER PT J AU Patterson, MT Anderson, N Bennett, C Bruggemann, J Grossman, RL Handy, M Ly, V Mandl, DJ Pederson, S Pivarski, J Powell, R Spring, J Wells, W Xia, J AF Patterson, Maria T. Anderson, Nikolas Bennett, Collin Bruggemann, Jacob Grossman, Robert L. Handy, Matthew Ly, Vuong Mandl, Daniel J. Pederson, Shane Pivarski, James Powell, Ray Spring, Jonathan Wells, Walt Xia, John GP IEEE TI The Matsu Wheel: A Cloud-based Framework for the Efficient Analysis and Reanalysis of Earth Satellite Imagery SO PROCEEDINGS 2016 IEEE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA COMPUTING SERVICE AND APPLICATIONS (BIGDATASERVICE 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Big Data Computing Service and Applications (BigDataService) CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2016 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, San Jose State Univ, Arizona State Univ, NW Polytechn Univ, Peking Univ, Deakin Univ, Univ Leeds, Taiyuan Univ Technol, Univ Technol Sydney, Univ Ottawa, Beihang Univ, ITC NSTI ID EO-1 AB Project Matsu is a collaboration between the Open Commons Consortium and NASA focused on developing open source technology for the cloud-based processing of Earth satellite imagery. A particular focus is the development of applications for detecting fires and floods to help support natural disaster detection and relief. Project Matsu has developed an open source cloud-based infrastructure to process, analyze, and reanalyze large collections of hyperspectral satellite image data using Open Stack, Hadoop, MapReduce, Storm and related technologies. We describe a framework for efficient analysis of large amounts of data called the Matsu "Wheel." The Matsu Wheel is currently used to process incoming hyperspectral satellite data produced daily by NASA's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite. The framework is designed to be able to support scanning queries using cloud computing applications, such as Hadoop and Accumulo. A scanning query processes all, or most of the data, in a database or data repository. We also describe our preliminary Wheel analytics, including an anomaly detector for rare spectral signatures or thermal anomalies in hyperspectral data and a land cover classifier that can be used for water and flood detection. Each of these analytics can generate visual reports accessible via the web for the public and interested decision makers. The resultant products of the analytics are also made accessible through an Open Geospatial Compliant (OGC)-compliant Web Map Service (WMS) for further distribution. The Matsu Wheel allows many shared data services to be performed together to efficiently use resources for processing hyperspectral satellite image data and other, e.g., large environmental datasets that may be analyzed for many purposes. C1 [Patterson, Maria T.; Anderson, Nikolas; Bruggemann, Jacob; Grossman, Robert L.; Powell, Ray; Spring, Jonathan; Xia, John] Univ Chicago, Ctr Data Intens Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bennett, Collin; Grossman, Robert L.; Pederson, Shane; Pivarski, James] Open Data Grp, River Forest, IL 60305 USA. [Handy, Matthew; Ly, Vuong; Mandl, Daniel J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Patterson, MT (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Data Intens Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM mtpatter@uchicago.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2251-9 PY 2016 BP 156 EP 165 DI 10.1109/BigDataService.2016.39 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF4WE UT WOS:000381731800021 ER PT S AU Haddad, ZS Peral, E Tanelli, S Sy, O Stephens, G AF Haddad, Ziad S. Peral, Eva Tanelli, Simone Sy, Ousmane Stephens, Graeme BE Im, E Kumar, R Yang, S TI RaInCube: a proposed constellation of atmospheric profiling radars in cubesat SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation VI CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE radar; cubesat; precipitation; weather forecasting; climate modeling AB Numerical climate and weather models depend on measurements from space-borne satellites to complete model validation and improvements. Precipitation profiling capabilities are currently limited to a few instruments deployed in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which cannot provide the temporal resolution necessary to observe the evolution of short time-scale weather phenomena and improve numerical weather prediction models. A constellation of cloud- and precipitation-profiling instruments in LEO would provide this essential capability, but the cost and timeframe of typical satellite platforms and instruments constitute a possibly prohibitive challenge. A new radar instrument architecture that is compatible with low-cost satellite platforms, such as CubeSats and SmallSats, has been designed at JPL. Its small size, moderate mass and low power requirement enable constellation missions, which will vastly expand our ability to observe weather systems and their dynamics and thermodynamics at sub-diurnal time scales down to the temporal resolutions required to observe developing convection. In turn, this expanded observational ability can revolutionize weather now-casting and medium-range forecasting, and enable crucial model improvements to improve climate predictions. C1 [Haddad, Ziad S.; Peral, Eva; Tanelli, Simone; Sy, Ousmane; Stephens, Graeme] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Haddad, ZS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM zsh@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0117-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9876 AR UNSP 987606 DI 10.1117/12.2228188 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF5EN UT WOS:000381932000001 ER PT S AU Jethva, H Torres, O Ahn, C AF Jethva, Hiren Torres, Omar Ahn, Changwoo BE Im, E Kumar, R Yang, S TI A ten-year global record of absorbing aerosols above clouds from OMI's near-UV observations SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation VI CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE aerosols above clouds; aerosol absorption; color ratio; Ozone Monitoring Instrument; OMACA ID RETRIEVAL AB Aerosol-cloud interaction continues to be one of the leading uncertain components of climate models, primarily due to the lack of an adequate knowledge of the complex microphysical and radiative processes associated with the aerosolcloud system. The situations when aerosols and clouds are found in the same atmospheric column, for instance, when light-absorbing aerosols such as biomass burning generated carbonaceous particles or wind-blown dust overlay low-level cloud decks, are commonly found over several regional of the world. Contrary to the cloud-free scenario over dark surface, for which aerosols are known to produce a net cooling effect (negative radiative forcing) on climate, the overlapping situation of absorbing aerosols over cloud can potentially exert a significant level of atmospheric absorption and produces a positive radiative forcing at top-of-atmosphere. The magnitude of direct radiative effects of aerosols above cloud depends directly on the aerosol loading, microphysical-optical properties of the aerosol layer and the underlying cloud deck, and geometric cloud fraction. We help in addressing this problem by introducing a novel product of optical depth of absorbing aerosols above clouds retrieved from near-UV observations made by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board NASA's Aura platform. The presence of absorbing aerosols above cloud reduces the upwelling radiation reflected by cloud and produces a strong 'color ratio' effect in the near-UV region, which can be unambiguously detected in the OMI measurements. Physically based on this effect, the OMACA algorithm retrieves the optical depths of aerosols and clouds simultaneously under a prescribed state of atmosphere. The algorithm architecture and results from a ten-year global record including global climatology of frequency of occurrence and above-cloud aerosol optical depth, and a discussion on related future field campaigns are presented. C1 [Jethva, Hiren] Univ Space Res Assoc, 7178 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Jethva, Hiren; Torres, Omar] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ahn, Changwoo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Jethva, H (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 7178 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Jethva, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0117-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9876 AR UNSP 98761A DI 10.1117/12.2225765 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF5EN UT WOS:000381932000018 ER PT S AU Ragi, AR Sharan, M Haddad, ZS AF Ragi, A. R. Sharan, Maithili Haddad, Z. S. BE Im, E Kumar, R Yang, S TI The impact of hydrometeors on the microphysical parameterization in the WRF modelling system over Southern Peninsular India SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation VI CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE Indian monsoon; hydrometeors; microphysics; Purdue-Lin scheme; WRF ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CLOUD MODEL; COORDINATE; CONVECTION; MESOSCALE AB This study examines the influence of Purdue-Lin microphysical parameterization scheme (Lin et al., 1983) on quantitative precipitation for pre-monsoon/monsoon conditions over southern peninsular India in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. An ideal microphysical scheme has to describe the formation, growth of cloud droplets and ice crystals and fall out as precipitation. Microphysics schemes can be broadly categorized into two types: bin and bulk particle size distribution (Morrison, 2010). Bulk schemes predict one or more bulk quantities and assume some functional form for the particle size distribution. For better parameterization, proper interpretation of these hydrometeors (Cloud Droplets, Raindrops, Ice Crystals and Aggregates, Rimed Ice Particles, Graupel, Hail) and non-hydrometeors (Aerosols vs. Condensation Nuclei vs. Cloud Condensation Nuclei vs. Ice Nuclei) is very important. The Purdue-Lin scheme is a commonly used microphysics scheme in WRF model utilizing the "bulk" particle size distribution, meaning that a particle size distribution is assumed. The intercept parameter (N-0) is, in fact, turns out to be independent of the density. However, in situ observations suggest (Haddad et al., 1996, 1997) that the mass weighted mean diameter is correlated with water content per unit volume (q), leading to the fact that N-0 depends on it. Here, in order to analyze the correlation of droplet size distribution with the convection, we have carried out simulations by implementing a consistent methodology to enforce a correlation between N-0 and q in the Purdue-Lin microphysics scheme in WRF model. The effect of particles in Indian Summer Monsoon has been examined using frequency distribution of rainfall at surface, daily rainfall over the domain and convective available potential energy and convective inhibition. The simulations are conducted by analyzing the maximum rainfall days in the pre-monsoon/monsoon seasons using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) accumulated rainfall data for 24 hours. C1 [Ragi, A. R.; Sharan, Maithili] Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Ctr Atmospher Sci, New Delhi 110016, India. [Haddad, Z. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ragi, AR (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Ctr Atmospher Sci, New Delhi 110016, India. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0117-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9876 AR UNSP 98762Q DI 10.1117/12.2223669 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF5EN UT WOS:000381932000049 ER PT J AU D'Addario, LR Wang, D AF D'Addario, Larry R. Wang, Douglas GP IEEE TI A Low-Power Correlator ASIC For Arrays With Many Antennas SO 2016 UNITED STATES NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT United-States-National-Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM) CY JAN 06-09, 2016 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, United States Natl Comm AB We report the design of a new application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for use in radio telescope correlators. It supports the construction of correlators for an arbitrarily large number of signals. The ASIC uses an intrinsically low-power architecture along with design techniques and a process that together result in unprecedentedly low power consumption. The design is flexible in that it can support telescopes with almost any number of antennas N. It is intended for use in an "FX" correlator, where a uniform filter bank breaks each signal into separate frequency channels prior to correlation. C1 [D'Addario, Larry R.; Wang, Douglas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP D'Addario, LR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ldaddario@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8678-4 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF4WJ UT WOS:000381740500016 ER PT J AU Dinnat, EP Le Vine, DM Soldo, Y Lagerloef, G Meissner, T AF Dinnat, Emmanuel P. Le Vine, David M. Soldo, Yan Lagerloef, Gary Meissner, Thomas GP IEEE TI Recent Improvements in L-band Observations of Ocean Salinity by Aquarius SO 2016 UNITED STATES NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT United-States-National-Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM) CY JAN 06-09, 2016 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, United States Natl Comm AB Aquarius is an L-band system combining active and passive sensors and has observed the oceans, as well as land and the cryosphere, for almost 4 years. We present the latest improvements in the Aquarius algorithm for the retrieval of sea surface salinity. C1 [Dinnat, Emmanuel P.; Le Vine, David M.; Soldo, Yan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lagerloef, Gary] Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. [Meissner, Thomas] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Dinnat, EP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8678-4 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF4WJ UT WOS:000381740500036 ER PT S AU Nadeau, J Cho, YB El-Kholy, M Bedrossian, M Rider, S Lindensmith, C Wallace, JK AF Nadeau, Jay Cho, Yong Bin El-Kholy, Marwan Bedrossian, Manuel Rider, Stephanie Lindensmith, Christian Wallace, J. Kent BE Popescu, G Park, Y TI Holographic Microscopy for 3D Tracking of Bacteria SO QUANTITATIVE PHASE IMAGING II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Confernce on Quantitative Phase Imaging ((QPI II) CY FEB 14-17, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Holography; Microscopy; Motility; tracking; Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM); Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI); Phase Contrast; Kramers-Kronig Relations ID TO-NOISE RATIO; PHASE-CONTRAST; DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHY; LIVING CELLS; COMPENSATION; REDUCTION AB Understanding when, how, and if bacteria swim is key to understanding critical ecological and biological processes, from carbon cycling to infection. Imaging motility by traditional light microscopy is limited by focus depth, requiring cells to be constrained in z. Holographic microscopy offers an instantaneous 3D snapshot of a large sample volume, and is therefore ideal in principle for quantifying unconstrained bacterial motility. However, resolving and tracking individual cells is difficult due to the low amplitude and phase contrast of the cells; the index of refraction of typical bacteria differs from that of water only at the second decimal place. In this work we present a combination of optical and samplehandling approaches to facilitating bacterial tracking by holographic phase imaging. The first is the design of the microscope, which is an off-axis design with the optics along a common path, which minimizes alignment issues while providing all of the advantages of off-axis holography. Second, we use anti-reflective coated etalon glass in the design of sample chambers, which reduce internal reflections. Improvement seen with the antireflective coating is seen primarily in phase imaging, and its quantification is presented here. Finally, dyes may be used to increase phase contrast according to the Kramers-Kronig relations. Results using three test strains are presented, illustrating the different types of bacterial motility characterized by an enteric organism (Escherichia coli), an environmental organism (Bacillus subtilis), and a marine organism (Vibrio alginolyticus). Data processing steps to increase the quality of the phase images and facilitate tracking are also discussed. C1 [Nadeau, Jay; Cho, Yong Bin; Bedrossian, Manuel; Rider, Stephanie] CALTECH, GALCIT, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nadeau, Jay; El-Kholy, Marwan] McGill Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada. [Lindensmith, Christian; Wallace, J. Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nadeau, J (reprint author), CALTECH, GALCIT, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-952-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9718 AR UNSP 97182B DI 10.1117/12.2213021 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF3YA UT WOS:000380605300056 ER PT S AU Lee, HJ Sherrit, S Tosi, LP Colonius, T AF Lee, Hyeong Jae Sherrit, Stewart Tosi, Luis Phillpe Colonius, Tim BE Meyendorf, NG Matikas, TE Peters, KJ TI Design and Experimental Evaluation of Flextensional-Cantilever based Piezoelectric Transducers for Flow Energy Harvesting SO SMART MATERIALS AND NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Materials and Nondestructive Evaluation for Energy Systems 2016 CY MAR 21-23, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP SPIE, Polytec Inc, OZ Opt Ltd, APS Dynam Inc, TA Electroforce Corp, ElectroForce Syst Grp, Inst Phys, Amer Elements DE Piezoelectric Devices; flow energy harvesting; transducers; flextensional; fluid structure interaction AB Cantilever type piezoelectric harvesters, such as bimorphs, are typically used for vibration induced energy harvesting. However, a major drawback of a piezoelectric bimorph is its brittle nature in harsh environments, precipitating short life-times as well as output power degradation. The emphasis in this work is to design robust, highly efficient piezoelectric harvesters that are capable of generating electrical power in the milliwatt range. Various harvesters were modeled, designed and prototyped, and the flextensional actuator based harvester, where the metal cantilever is mounted and coupled between two flextensional actuators, was found to be a viable alternative to the cantilever type piezoelectric harvesters. Preliminary tests show that these devices equipped with 5x5x36 mm two piezoelectric PZT stacks can produce greater than 50 mW of power under air flow induced vibrations. C1 [Lee, Hyeong Jae; Sherrit, Stewart] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tosi, Luis Phillpe; Colonius, Tim] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0047-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9806 AR 980610 DI 10.1117/12.2219269 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BF4JI UT WOS:000381078800025 ER PT J AU Camargo, SJ Sobel, AH Delgenio, AD Jonas, JA Kelley, M Lu, Y Shaevitz, DA Henderson, N AF Camargo, Suzana J. Sobel, Adam H. Delgenio, Anthony D. Jonas, Jeffrey A. Kelley, Maxwell Lu, Yun Shaevitz, Daniel A. Henderson, Naomi TI Tropical cyclones in the GISS ModelE2 SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; global climate model; climate change ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WARMER CLIMATE; FUTURE CHANGES; RESOLUTION; SIMULATION; CMIP5 AB The authors describe the characteristics of tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the GISS general circulation ModelE2 with a horizontal resolution 1 degrees x1 degrees. Four model simulations are analysed. In the first, the model is forced with sea surface temperature (SST) from the recent historical climatology. The other three have different idealised climate change simulations, namely (1) a uniform increase of SST by 2 degrees, (2) doubling of the CO2 concentration and (3) a combination of the two. These simulations were performed as part of the US Climate Variability and Predictability Program Hurricane Working Group. Diagnostics of standard measures of TC activity are computed from the recent historical climatological SST simulation and compared with the same measures computed from observations. The changes in TC activity in the three idealised climate change simulations, by comparison with that in the historical climatological SST simulation, are also described. Similar to previous results in the literature, the changes in TC frequency in the simulation with a doubling CO2 and an increase in SST are approximately the linear sum of the TC frequency in the other two simulations. However, in contrast with previous results, in these simulations the effects of CO2 and SST on TC frequency oppose each other. Large-scale environmental variables associated with TC activity are then analysed for the present and future simulations. Model biases in the large-scale fields are identified through a comparison with ERA-Interim reanalysis. Changes in the environmental fields in the future climate simulations are shown and their association with changes in TC activity discussed. C1 [Camargo, Suzana J.; Sobel, Adam H.; Henderson, Naomi] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Sobel, Adam H.; Shaevitz, Daniel A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Delgenio, Anthony D.; Jonas, Jeffrey A.; Kelley, Maxwell] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Jonas, Jeffrey A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Lu, Yun] Ningbo Meteorol Off, Ningbo, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Camargo, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM suzana@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009 OI Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160 FU NASA Modelling and Analysis Program RTOP at NASA/GISS; NSF [AGS 1143959]; [NASA NNX09AK34G]; [NNX13AM18G] FX The authors acknowledge the support from the following grants: NASA NNX09AK34G, NNX13AM18G, NSF AGS 1143959 and a NASA Modelling and Analysis Program RTOP at NASA/GISS. The authors thank the members of the US CLIVAR Hurricane Working Group (HWG). They also thank Naomi Henderson for making the model data available for the HWG and managing the HWG data set. The model data used here can potentially be made available by individual requests. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2016 VL 68 AR 31494 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v68.31494 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DS8HZ UT WOS:000381025400001 ER PT S AU Bertagne, CL Erickson, LR Sheth, RB Whitcomb, JD Hartl, DJ AF Bertagne, Christopher L. Erickson, Lisa R. Sheth, Rubik B. Whitcomb, John D. Hartl, Darren J. BE Park, G TI Towards Experimental Validation of an Analysis Framework for Morphing Radiators SO Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2016 CY MAR 21-24, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NE SP SPIE, Polytec, Inc., OZ Optics, Ltd., APS Dynamics, Inc., The ElectroForce Systems Grp of TA Electroforce Corp, The Inst of Phys, American Elements DE Morphing radiator; thermal control; adaptive structures; shape memory alloys AB Thermal control is an important aspect of spacecraft design, particularly in the case of crewed vehicles, which must maintain a precise internal temperature at all times in spite of sometimes drastic variations in the external thermal environment and internal heat loads. The successes of the Space Shuttle and International Space Station programs have shown that this can be accomplished in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), however, crewed spacecraft traveling beyond LEO are expected to encounter more challenging thermal conditions with significant variations in both the heat rejection requirements and environment temperature. Such missions will require radiator systems with high turndown ratios, defined as the ratio between the maximum and minimum heat rejection rates achievable by the radiator system. Current radiators are only able to achieve turndown ratios of 3:1, far less than the 12:1 turndown ratio which is expected to be required on future missions. An innovative radiator concept, known as a morphing radiator, uses the temperature-induced shape change of shape memory alloy (SMA) materials to achieve a turndown ratio of at least 12:1. Predicting the thermal and structural behavior of SMA-based morphing radiators is challenging due to the presence of two-way thermomechanical coupling that has not been widely considered in the literature. Previous work has demonstrated the application of a technique known as a partitioned analysis procedure which can be used to simulate the behavior of morphing radiators. This work describes ongoing efforts to evaluate the physical accuracy of this approach by conducting validation studies. A detailed finite element model of a morphing radiator is developed and executed using the framework. Preliminary results show close agreement between the experimental data and model predictions, giving additional confidence in the partitioned approach. C1 [Bertagne, Christopher L.; Whitcomb, John D.; Hartl, Darren J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Erickson, Lisa R.; Sheth, Rubik B.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Hartl, DJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM darren.hartl@tamu.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0040-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9799 AR UNSP 97990V DI 10.1117/12.2219277 PN 1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF3XN UT WOS:000380592200025 ER PT S AU Scheidler, JJ Asnani, VM Dapino, MJ AF Scheidler, Justin J. Asnani, Vivake M. Dapino, Marcelo J. BE Park, G TI Vibration control via stiffness switching of magnetostrictive transducers SO Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2016 CY MAR 21-24, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NE SP SPIE, Polytec, Inc., OZ Optics, Ltd., APS Dynamics, Inc., The ElectroForce Systems Grp of TA Electroforce Corp, The Inst of Phys, American Elements DE magnetostrictive materials; switched-stiffness vibration control; stiffness tuning; shunt damping; Terfenol-D ID PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS; ABSORBER AB In this paper, a computational study is presented whereby structural vibration control is realized by switching a magnetostrictive transducer between high and low stiffness states. Switching is accomplished by either changing the applied magnetic field with a voltage excitation or changing the shunt impedance on the transducer's coil (i.e., the magnetostrictive material's magnetic boundary condition). Switched-stiffness vibration control is simulated using a lumped mass supported by a damper and the magnetostrictive transducer (mount), which is represented by a nonlinear, electromechanical model. Free vibration of the mass is calculated while varying the mount's stiffness according to a reference switched-stiffness vibration control law. The results reveal that switching the magnetic field produces a change in stiffness along with an incidental actuation force that can significantly degrade the vibration control. Hence, a modified switched-stiffness control law that accounts for the actuation force is proposed and implemented for voltage-controlled stiffness switching. The influence of the magnetomechanical bias condition is discussed. The damping introduced by voltage-controlled stiffness switching is shown to primarily result from active vibration reduction caused by the actuation force, thereby illustrating that the force can be beneficial when the modified control law is used. The merit of magnetostrictive switched-stiffness vibration control is then quantified by comparing the results of voltage- and shunt-controlled stiffness switching to the performance of optimal magnetostrictive shunt damping. For the cases considered, optimal resistive shunt damping attenuates the vibration about 13 % and 36 % faster than voltage- and shunt-controlled stiffness switching, respectively. C1 [Scheidler, Justin J.] Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Asnani, Vivake M.] NASA, Rotating & Drive Syst Branch, Mat & Struct Div, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Dapino, Marcelo J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, NSF I UCRC Smart Vehicle Concepts, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Scheidler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM justin.j.scheidler@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0040-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9799 AR UNSP 979909 DI 10.1117/12.2219738 PN 1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF3XN UT WOS:000380592200006 ER PT B AU Krantz, TL Handschuh, RF AF Krantz, Timothy L. Handschuh, Robert F. GP ASME TI GEAR TOOTH ROOT STRESSES OF A VERY HEAVILY LOADED GEAR PAIR - CASE STUDY: ORBITER BODY FLAP ACTUATOR PINION AND RING GEAR SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 10 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The space shuttle orbiter's body flap actuator gearing was assessed as a case study of the stresses for very heavily loaded external-internal gear pairs (meshing pinion and ring gear). For many applications, using the high point of single tooth contact (HPSTC) to locate the position of the tooth force is adequate for assessing the maximum tooth root stress condition. But for aerospace gearing such an approach may be inadequate for assessing the stress condition while also simultaneously minimizing mass. In this work specialized contact analyses and finite element methods were used to study gear tooth stresses of body flap actuator gears. The analytical solutions considered the elastic deformations as an inherent part of the solutions. The ratio for the maximum tooth stresses using the HPSTC approach solutions relative to the contact analysis and finite element solutions were 1.40 for the ring gear and 1.28 for the pinion gear. C1 [Krantz, Timothy L.; Handschuh, Robert F.] NASA, Cleveland, OH 44145 USA. RP Krantz, TL (reprint author), NASA, Cleveland, OH 44145 USA. EM timothy.l.krantz@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5720-5 PY 2016 AR V010T11A005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1NS UT WOS:000380413500005 ER PT B AU Cramer, N Swei, S Cheung, K Teodorescu, M AF Cramer, Nick Swei, Sean Cheung, Kenny Teodorescu, M. GP ASME TI DISCRETE TIME FINITE ELEMENT TRANSFER MATRIX METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR MODELING AND DECENTRALIZED CONTROL SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID CONTROL DESIGN AB The current emphasis on increasing aeronautical efficiency is leading the way to a new class of lighter more flexible air-plane materials and structures, which unfortunately can result in aeroelastic instabilities. To effectively control the wings deformation and shape, appropriate modeling is necessary. Wings are often modeled as cantilever beams using finite element analysis. The drawback of this approach is that large aeroelastic models cannot be used for embedded controllers. Therefore, to effectively control wings shape, a simple, stable and fast equivalent predictive model that can capture the physical problem and could be used for in-flight control is required. The current paper proposes a Discrete Time Finite Element Transfer Matrix (DT-FETMM) model beam deformation and use it to design a regulator. The advantage of the proposed approach over existing methods is that the proposed controller could be designed to suppress a larger number of vibration modes within the fidelity of the selected time step. We will extend the discrete time transfer matrix method to finite element models and present the decentralized models and controllers for structural control. C1 [Cramer, Nick; Teodorescu, M.] UC Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Swei, Sean] NASA, Intelligent Syst Div, Ames Res Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Mountain View, CA USA. [Cheung, Kenny] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Cramer, N (reprint author), UC Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM ncramer@ucsc.edu; sean.s.swei@nasa.gov; kenny@nasa.gov; mteodorescu@soe.ucsc.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5718-2 PY 2016 AR V008T13A009 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1NY UT WOS:000380414000009 ER PT S AU Koshti, AM AF Koshti, Ajay M. BE Yu, T Gyekenyes, AL Shull, PJ Wu, HF TI A Method to Measure and Estimate Normalized Contrast in Infrared Flash Thermography SO Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure 2016 CY MAR 21-24, 2016 CL LAS VEGAS, NE SP SPIE, Polytec, Inc., OZ Optics, Ltd., APS Dynamics, Inc., The ElectroForce Systems Grp of TA Electroforce Corp, The Inst of Phys, American Elements DE normalized contrast; flash infrared thermography AB The paper presents further development in normalized contrast processing used in flash infrared thermography method. Method of computing normalized image or pixel intensity contrast, and normalized temperature contrast are provided. Methods of converting image contrast to temperature contrast and vice versa are provided. Normalized contrast processing in flash thermography is useful in quantitative analysis of flash thermography data including flaw characterization and comparison of experimental results with simulation. Computation of normalized temperature contrast involves use of flash thermography data acquisition set-up with high reflectivity foil and high emissivity tape such that the foil, tape and test object are imaged simultaneously. Methods of assessing other quantitative parameters such as emissivity of object, afterglow heat flux, reflection temperature change and surface temperature during flash thermography are also provided. Temperature imaging and normalized temperature contrast processing provide certain advantages over normalized image contrast processing by reducing effect of reflected energy in images and measurements, therefore providing better quantitative data. Examples of incorporating afterglow heat-flux and reflection temperature evolution in flash thermography simulation are also discussed. C1 [Koshti, Ajay M.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Koshti, AM (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0045-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9804 AR UNSP 98041K DI 10.1117/12.2211676 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BF3XG UT WOS:000380590300044 ER PT J AU Giresi, MM Grubbs, RD Portnoy, DS Driggers, WB Jones, L Gold, JR AF Giresi, Melissa M. Grubbs, R. Dean Portnoy, David S. Driggers, William B., III Jones, Lisa Gold, John R. TI Identification and Distribution of Morphologically Conserved Smoothhound Sharks in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; FAMILY TRIAKIDAE; R-PACKAGE; DNA; MARKERS; INFERENCE AB Identification of sharks within the genus Mustelus (smoothhound sharks) is problematic because of extensive overlap in external morphology among species. Consequently, species-specific management of smoothhound shark resources is difficult when multiple species inhabit the same geographic region. The species identification and distribution of smoothhound sharks in the northern Gulf of Mexico (the Gulf) were assessed using sequences of mitochondrial DNA, nuclear-encoded microsatellites, and catch data. Phylogenetic analysis of 1,047 base pairs of mitochondrially encoded ND-2 sequences and Bayesian clustering of multilocus genotypes at 15 microsatellites revealed three genetically distinct monophyletic lineages (clades) of smoothhound sharks in the Gulf. Examination of external morphology revealed characters that distinguished each genetically distinct clade, and based on species descriptions and comparisons with the type and other specimens in established collections, the lineages were identified as Smooth Dogfish Mustelus canis, Florida Smoothhound Mustelus norrisi, and Gulf Smoothhound Mustelus sinusmexicanus. Two hundred and eighty-seven smoothhound sharks sampled from across the Gulf were then assigned unequivocally, based on genetic data, to one of the three species. Multifactorial analysis and homogeneity tests of species-specific means versus grand means of spatiotemporal factors (depth, longitude, and month) at capture indicated significant differences among the three species with respect to all three factors. On average, the Smooth Dogfish is found in deeper waters than the Gulf Smoothhound, whereas the Florida Smoothhound inhabits relatively shallow waters. A diagnostic key for the field identification of adult specimens of each species is provided. C1 [Giresi, Melissa M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, 3258 TAMUS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Grubbs, R. Dean] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, 3618 Highway 98, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Portnoy, David S.; Gold, John R.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, Harte Res Inst, Marine Genom Lab, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Driggers, William B., III; Jones, Lisa] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Post Off Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Gold, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, Harte Res Inst, Marine Genom Lab, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM goldfish@tamucc.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service [NA12NMF4540083]; Texas AgriLife Research [H-6703]; NOAA GulfSPAN Program; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through the Florida Institute of Oceanography; Deep-C Consortium FX We thank G. Skomal (Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries); J. Imhoff and C. Peterson (Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory); S. Gulak, K. Hannan, and C. Jones (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); M. Drymon and A. Kroetz (Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory); T. Wiley-Lescher (Texas Parks and Wildlife Department); and M. Nalovic (Comite Regional de Peche a Maritime et Elevage Marine de Guyane) for assistance with the procurement of specimens and tissues. We also thank G. Naylor (University of Charleston) for providing an ND-2 sequence of Galeorhinus galeus; C. Caster, C. Hollenbeck, J. Puritz, and M. Renshaw for assistance in the laboratory; and B. Sterba-Boatwright for assistance with statistical analysis. This work was supported by the Cooperative Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NA12NMF4540083) and Texas AgriLife Research (Project H-6703). Field collections by R.D.G. were made possible by funding from the NOAA GulfSPAN Program and the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through the Florida Institute of Oceanography and the Deep-C Consortium. This article is number 102 in the series Genetic Studies in Marine Fishes and publication number 8 of the Marine Genomics Laboratory at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 6 BP 1301 EP 1310 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1069212 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DS1PT UT WOS:000380369100018 ER PT B AU Grip, HF San Martin, M Jain, A Balaram, B Cameron, J Myint, S AF Grip, Havard Fjaer San Martin, Miguel Jain, Abhinandan Balaram, Bob Cameron, Jonathan Myint, Steven GP ASME TI MODELING AND SIMULATION OF ASTEROID CAPTURE USING A DEFORMABLE MEMBRANE CAPTURE DEVICE SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration have recently been investigating a mission concept known as the Asteroid Redirect Mission, aimed at collecting a large amount of asteroid material and transporting it into lunar orbit for inspection by human astronauts. Of the two mission options that have been considered, one involves the capture of an entire near-Earth asteroid in the 10-m class by a robotic spacecraft. The spacecraft would first make contact with the asteroid through a deformable membrane, before securing it inside a large flexible bagging mechanism. In this paper we describe the development and implementation of a model designed for simulation of the capture process, which includes a low-complexity representation of the interaction dynamics. C1 [Grip, Havard Fjaer; San Martin, Miguel; Jain, Abhinandan; Balaram, Bob; Cameron, Jonathan; Myint, Steven] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Grip, HF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5716-8 PY 2016 AR V006T10A036 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BF1NR UT WOS:000380413400036 ER PT B AU Gross, J Mukherjee, R AF Gross, Johannes Mukherjee, Rudranarayan GP ASME TI INTEGRATING MULTIBODY SIMULATIONS WITH SYSML SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB In this paper we will show an integration of a JPL-internal multi body simulation tool within the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) tool MagicDraw. The SysML provides the means to model requirements, functions, structure and behavior of a system. Integrating a multi body physics simulation with this language creates a seamless way to combine system level questions with the detailed design. The integration allows for the import and export of the simulation models as well as the definition of metrics on the simulation. The system model can be used to express the requirements, the tests that verify the satisfaction and the implementation of the system according to these requirements. Having all the different aspects in one central model reduces the thread of inconsistencies through reuse and linking of model elements. The SysML model allows for an easier creation of large models and the integration with other disciplines is already prepared. C1 [Gross, Johannes; Mukherjee, Rudranarayan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Gross, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. EM johannes.gross@jpl.nasa.gov; Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5716-8 PY 2016 AR V006T10A038 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BF1NR UT WOS:000380413400038 ER PT B AU Kim, J Mukherjee, R AF Kim, Junggon Mukherjee, Rudranarayan GP ASME TI A QP-BASED APPROACH TO KINEMATIC MOTION PLANNING OF MULTIBODY SYSTEMS SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB This article presents a quadratic programming (QP) based approach to local kinematic motion planning of general multi body robotic systems. Given kinematic constraints and targets such as desired positions and orientations in Cartesian space, we find locally optimal joint velocities toward the targets at every time step by formulating the problem into a constrained optimization with a quadratic objective function and linear constraints in terms of the joint velocities. The solution is integrated to obtain the joint displacements at the next time step, and this process is repeated until reaching the targets or converging to a certain configuration. Our formulation based on relative Tacobian is particularly useful in handling constraints on relative motions, which arises in many practical problems such as dual-arm manipulation and self-collision avoidance, in a concise manner. A brief overview of our software implementation and its applications to manipulation and mobility planning of a simulated multi limbed robot are also presented. C1 [Kim, Junggon; Mukherjee, Rudranarayan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91030 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91030 USA. EM Junggon.Kim@jpl.nasa.gov; Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5716-8 PY 2016 AR V006T10A020 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BF1NR UT WOS:000380413400020 ER PT J AU Andela, N van der Werf, GR Kaiser, J van Leeuwen, TT Wooster, MJ Lehmann, CER AF Andela, Niels van der Werf, Guido R. Kaiser, JohannesW. van Leeuwen, Thijs T. Wooster, Martin J. Lehmann, Caroline E. R. TI Biomass burning fuel consumption dynamics in the tropics and subtropics assessed from satellite SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL FIRE EMISSIONS; BURNED-AREA PRODUCTS; SOUTHERN AFRICA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; SAVANNA ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; COVER CHANGE; WOODY COVER; TRACE GASES AB Landscape fires occur on a large scale in (sub)tropical savannas and grasslands, affecting ecosystem dynamics, regional air quality and concentrations of atmospheric trace gasses. Fuel consumption per unit of area burned is an important but poorly constrained parameter in fire emission modelling. We combined satellite-derived burned area with fire radiative power (FRP) data to derive fuel consumption estimates for land cover types with low tree cover in South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Australia. We developed a new approach to estimate fuel consumption, based on FRP data from the polar-orbiting Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the geostationary Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) in combination with MODIS burned-area estimates. The fuel consumption estimates based on the geostationary and polar-orbiting instruments showed good agreement in terms of spatial patterns. We used field measurements of fuel consumption to constrain our results, but the large variation in fuel consumption in both space and time complicated this comparison and absolute fuel consumption estimates remained more uncertain. Spatial patterns in fuel consumption could be partly explained by vegetation productivity and fire return periods. In South America, most fires occurred in savannas with relatively long fire return periods, resulting in comparatively high fuel consumption as opposed to the more frequently burning savannas in Sub-Saharan Africa. Strikingly, we found the infrequently burning interior of Australia to have higher fuel consumption than the more productive but frequently burning savannas in northern Australia. Vegetation type also played an important role in explaining the distribution of fuel consumption, by affecting both fuel build-up rates and fire return periods. Hummock grasslands, which were responsible for a large share of Australian biomass burning, showed larger fuel build-up rates than equally productive grasslands in Africa, although this effect might have been partially driven by the presence of grazers in Africa or differences in landscape management. Finally, land management in the form of deforestation and agriculture also considerably affected fuel consumption regionally. We conclude that combining FRP and burned-area estimates, calibrated against field measurements, is a promising approach in deriving quantitative estimates of fuel consumption. Satellite-derived fuel consumption estimates may both challenge our current understanding of spatiotemporal fuel consumption dynamics and serve as reference datasets to improve biogeochemical modelling approaches. Future field studies especially designed to validate satellite-based products, or airborne remote sensing, may further improve confidence in the absolute fuel consumption estimates which are quickly becoming the weakest link in fire emission estimates. C1 [Andela, Niels; van der Werf, Guido R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Andela, Niels] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kaiser, JohannesW.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. [van Leeuwen, Thijs T.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [van Leeuwen, Thijs T.] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [van Leeuwen, Thijs T.] VanderSat BV, Space Business Pk,Huygensstr 34, NL-2201 DK Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Wooster, Martin J.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, Environm Monitoring & Modelling Res Grp, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Wooster, Martin J.] NERC Natl Ctr Earth Observat NCEO, Reading, Berks, England. [Lehmann, Caroline E. R.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Andela, N (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Andela, N (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM niels.andela@nasa.gov RI van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016 OI van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630 FU EU [283576, 633080]; European Research Council (ERC) [280061] FX The authors would like to thank the two reviewers for their constructive remarks and the data providing agencies (NASA and EUMETSAT LSA SAF) for making their data publicly available. This study was funded by the EU in the FP7 and H2020 projects MACC-II and MACC-III (contract nos. 283576 and 633080) and the European Research Council (ERC), grant number 280061. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 12 BP 3717 EP 3734 DI 10.5194/bg-13-3717-2016 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DQ7ZG UT WOS:000379427700014 ER PT J AU Chang, JF Ciais, P Herrero, M Havlik, P Campioli, M Zhang, XZ Bai, YF Viovy, N Joiner, J Wang, XH Peng, SS Yue, C Piao, SL Wang, T Hauglustaine, DA Soussana, JF Peregon, A Kosykh, N Mironycheva-Tokareva, N AF Chang, Jinfeng Ciais, Philippe Herrero, Mario Havlik, Petr Campioli, Matteo Zhang, Xianzhou Bai, Yongfei Viovy, Nicolas Joiner, Joanna Wang, Xuhui Peng, Shushi Yue, Chao Piao, Shilong Wang, Tao Hauglustaine, Didier A. Soussana, Jean-Francois Peregon, Anna Kosykh, Natalya Mironycheva-Tokareva, Nina TI Combining livestock production information in a process-based vegetation model to reconstruct the history of grassland management SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PASTURE SIMULATION-MODEL; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LAND-COVER; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; EUROPEAN GRASSLANDS; GLOBAL DATABASE; CARBON BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DATA SET; BIOMASS AB Grassland management type (grazed or mown) and intensity (intensive or extensive) play a crucial role in the greenhouse gas balance and surface energy budget of this biome, both at field scale and at large spatial scale. However, global gridded historical information on grassland management intensity is not available. Combining modelled grass-biomass productivity with statistics of the grass-biomass demand by livestock, we reconstruct gridded maps of grassland management intensity from 1901 to 2012. These maps include the minimum area of managed vs. maximum area of unmanaged grasslands and the fraction of mown vs. grazed area at a resolution of 0.5A degrees by 0.5A degrees. The grass-biomass demand is derived from a livestock dataset for 2000, extended to cover the period 1901-2012. The grass-biomass supply (i.e. forage grass from mown grassland and biomass grazed) is simulated by the process-based model ORCHIDEE-GM driven by historical climate change, risingaEuro-CO2 concentration, and changes in nitrogen fertilization. The global area of managed grassland obtained in this study increases from 6.1aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(6)aEuro-km(2) in 1901 to 12.3aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(6)aEuro-km(2) in 2000, although the expansion pathway varies between different regions. ORCHIDEE-GM also simulated augmentation in global mean productivity and herbage-use efficiency over managed grassland during the 20th century, indicating a general intensification of grassland management at global scale but with regional differences. The gridded grassland management intensity maps are model dependent because they depend on modelled productivity. Thus specific attention was given to the evaluation of modelled productivity against a series of observations from site-level net primary productivity (NPP) measurements to two global satellite products of gross primary productivity (GPP) (MODIS-GPP and SIF data). Generally, ORCHIDEE-GM captures the spatial pattern, seasonal cycle, and interannual variability of grassland productivity at global scale well and thus is appropriate for global applications presented here. C1 [Chang, Jinfeng; Ciais, Philippe; Viovy, Nicolas; Yue, Chao; Hauglustaine, Didier A.; Peregon, Anna] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chang, Jinfeng] Sorbonne Univ UPMC, CNRS IRD MNHN, LOCEAN IPSL, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. [Herrero, Mario] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Agr Flagship, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Havlik, Petr] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Ecosyst Serv & Management Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Campioli, Matteo] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Ctr Excellence PLECO Plant & Vegetat Ecol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Zhang, Xianzhou] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Lhasa Plateau Ecosyst Res Stn, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Bai, Yongfei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Joiner, Joanna] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wang, Xuhui] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Meteorol Dynam, F-75005 Paris, France. [Wang, Xuhui; Peng, Shushi; Piao, Shilong] Peking Univ, Sino French Inst Earth Syst Sci, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Yue, Chao] CNRS, Grenoble, France. [Yue, Chao] UJF Grenoble 1, LGGE, UMR5183, Grenoble, France. [Wang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Alpine Ecol & Biodivers, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Wang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Soussana, Jean-Francois] INRA, Ctr Siege, CODIR Coll Direct UAR0233, Paris, France. [Peregon, Anna; Kosykh, Natalya; Mironycheva-Tokareva, Nina] SB RAS, Inst Soil Sci & Agrochem, Pr Akad Lavrentyeva 8-2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Chang, JF (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.; Chang, JF (reprint author), Sorbonne Univ UPMC, CNRS IRD MNHN, LOCEAN IPSL, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. EM jinfeng.chang@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr RI Campioli, Matteo/N-9380-2015; Soussana, Jean-Francois/P-2094-2016; Herrero, Mario/A-6678-2015 OI Soussana, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-1932-6583; Herrero, Mario/0000-0002-7741-5090 FU European Union [603864, 282700]; ERC Synergy grant [ERC-2013-SyG-610028 IMBALANCE-P]; European Commission [603542] FX We thank the editor and the two anonymous referees for their valuable review comments, which helped to greatly improve the paper. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant no. 603864 (HELIX). Philippe Ciais and Shushi Peng acknowledge support from the ERC Synergy grant ERC-2013-SyG-610028 IMBALANCE-P. Matteo Campioli is a postdoctoral fellow at the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO). Chao Yue is supported by the European Commission-funded project LUC4C (grant no. 603542). Tao Wang is funded by European Union FP7-ENV project PAGE21 (grant no. 282700). We thank those who developed the EC-JRC-MARS dataset ((c) European Union, 2011-2014) created by MeteoConsult based on ECWMF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) model outputs and a reanalysis of ERA-Interim. We greatly thank John Gash for his effort on English language editing. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 12 BP 3757 EP 3776 DI 10.5194/bg-13-3757-2016 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DQ7ZG UT WOS:000379427700016 ER PT B AU Sabelhaus, AP Ji, H Hylton, P Madaan, Y Yang, C Agogino, AM Friesen, J SunSpiral, V AF Sabelhaus, Andrew P. Ji, Hao Hylton, Patrick Madaan, Yakshu Yang, ChanWoo Agogino, Alice M. Friesen, Jeffrey SunSpiral, Vytas GP ASME TI MECHANISM DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF THE ULTRA SPINE, A TENSEGRITY ROBOT SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 5A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID WALKING AB The Underactuated Lightweight Tensegrity Robotic Assistive Spine (ULTRA Spine) project is an ongoing effort to create a compliant, cable-driven, 3-degree-of-freedom, underactuated tensegrity core for quadruped robots. This work presents simulations and preliminary mechanism designs of that robot. Design goals and the iterative design process for an ULTRA Spine prototype are discussed. Inverse kinematics simulations are used to develop engineering characteristics for the robot, and forward kinematics simulations are used to verify these parameters. Then, multiple novel mechanism designs are presented that address challenges for this structure, in the context of design for prototyping and assembly. These include the spine robot's multiple-gear-ratio actuators, spine link structure, spine link assembly locks, and the multiple-spring cable compliance system. C1 [Sabelhaus, Andrew P.; Ji, Hao; Hylton, Patrick; Madaan, Yakshu; Yang, ChanWoo; Agogino, Alice M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. [Friesen, Jeffrey] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [SunSpiral, Vytas] NASA, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Intelligent Robot Grp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sabelhaus, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. EM apsabelhaus@berkeley.edu; hao.ji@berkeley.edu; pbhylton@berkeley.edu; yakshu.madaan@berkeley.edu; chanwoo.yang@berkeley.edu; agogino@berkeley.edu; jfriesen@ucsd.edu; vytas.sunspiral@nasa.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5712-0 PY 2016 AR V05AT08A059 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BF1NK UT WOS:000380412700059 ER PT B AU Hartley, TT Veillette, RJ Adams, JL Lorenzo, CF AF Hartley, Tom T. Veillette, Robert J. Adams, Jay L. Lorenzo, Carl F. GP ASME TI ENERGY STORED IN FRACTIONAL-ORDER ELEMENTS WITH CONSTANT INPUTS SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE Fractional-order system; initialization; energy ID SYSTEMS AB The internal efficiency of the energy storage in a general fractional-order circuit element is analyzed. By use of distributed-circuit representations, integral expressions are derived for the energy stored in a fractional-order integrator or a fractional-order differentiator for any given profile of the distributed state. For either constant-current or constant voltage charging, these expressions for the stored energy are evaluated and compared with the energy supplied at the terminals of the element, so that the efficiency of the charging process is determined. The result is found to verify a published conjecture on the constant-input charging efficiency of the fractional-order elements. C1 [Hartley, Tom T.; Veillette, Robert J.; Adams, Jay L.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hartley, TT (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM thartley@uakron.edu; veillet@uakron.edu; jla36@uakron.edu; Carl.f.lorenzo@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5719-9 PY 2016 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1NX UT WOS:000380413900044 ER PT B AU Hartley, TT Lorenzo, CF AF Hartley, Tom T. Lorenzo, Carl F. GP ASME TI REALIZATIONS FOR DETERMINING THE ENERGY STORED IN FRACTIONAL-ORDER OPERATORS SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE Fractional-order system; impedance; admittance; realizations; energy AB The purpose of this paper is to determine physical electrical circuits, in both impedance and admittance forms, that match fractional-order integrators and differentiators, namely 1/s(q) and s(q). Then, using these idealized infinite-dimensional circuits, the energy storage and loss expressions for them are determined, carefully relating the associated infinite dimensional state variables to physically meaningful quantities. The resulting realizations and energy expressions allow a variety of implementations for understanding the transient behavior of fractional-order systems. C1 [Hartley, Tom T.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Hartley, TT (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM thartley@uakron.edu; Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5719-9 PY 2016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1NX UT WOS:000380413900024 ER PT B AU Hartley, TT Trigeassou, JC Lorenzo, CF Maamri, N AF Hartley, Tom T. Trigeassou, Jean-Claude Lorenzo, Carl F. Maamri, Nezha GP ASME TI INITIALIZATION ENERGY IN FRACTIONAL-ORDER SYSTEMS SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE Fractional-order system; initialization; energy ID TRANSIENTS AB This paper seeks a deeper understanding of the need for time varying initialization of fractional-order systems. Specifically, the paper determines the energy stored in a fractional-order element based on the history of the element, and shows how this initialization energy is manifest into the future as an initialization function. Further, it is shown that infinite energy is required to initialize a fractional-order system when using the Caputo derivative Laplace transform. C1 [Hartley, Tom T.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Trigeassou, Jean-Claude] Univ Bordeaux 1, F-33405 Talence, France. [Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Maamri, Nezha] Univ Poitiers, ENSIP, LIAS, F-86000 Poitiers, France. RP Hartley, TT (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM thartley@uakron.edu; jean-claude.tripeassou@ims-bordeaux.fr; Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov; nezha.maamri@univ-poitiers.fr NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5719-9 PY 2016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1NX UT WOS:000380413900023 ER PT B AU Lorenzo, CF Hartley, TT AF Lorenzo, Carl F. Hartley, Tom T. GP ASME TI MATHEMATICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE SPIRAL AND RING GALAXY MORPHOLOGIES BASED ON THE FRACTIONAL TRIGONOMETRY SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE spiral galaxies; ring galaxies; galaxy classification; galaxy morphology; fractional trigonometry; fractional spirals; fractional differential equations ID PRELIMINARY LUMINOSITY CLASSIFICATION; STELLAR POPULATION; FORMS AB The ongoing development of the fractional trigonometry has created a new set of spiral functions, the fractional spiral functions. These spirals include both barred and normal spirals in a common formulation. This paper studies the applicability of the fractional spirals to the mathematical classification of spiral and ring galaxy morphologies. The fractional spirals are found to provide a high quality fit to a variety of ring and spiral galaxies over a significant range of the spiral length. Further, the r-s character of the de Vaucouleurs classification is found to relate to particular parameters of the spirals. Additional benefits include; direct inference of galaxies inclination, estimates of major deviations of the galaxy optical center from the geometric center, and further application of the mathematical description of the galaxy morphology. C1 [Lorenzo, Carl F.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Hartley, Tom T.] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Lorenzo, CF (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Carl.F.Lorenzo@nasa.gov; thartley@uakron.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5719-9 PY 2016 PG 19 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1NX UT WOS:000380413900022 ER PT B AU Scholten, W Hartl, D Strganac, T Turner, T AF Scholten, William Hartl, Darren Strganac, Thomas Turner, Travis GP ASME TI REDUCTION OF ACTUATION LOADS IN A SELF-DEPLOYING SMA-BASED SLAT-COVE FILLER FOR A TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT SO ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2015, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 21-23, 2015 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP ASME, Aerospace Div AB During low speed maneuvers such as approach and landing, a significant component of the total environmental noise produced by a typical transport aircraft is associated with flow over the airframe, termed airframe noise. A key contributor to airframe noise is the leading-edge-slat, a high-lift device. Previous work showed that a slat-cove filler (SCF) may be effective at reducing the slat noise and optimal designs for an SMA-based SCF have been determined, considering stow/deploy and aerodynamic loads as well as other constraints for two realistic airframe configurations such that actuation force was minimized as the design objective. The objective of this current work is to further reduce the actuation force required to retract the SCF by an auxiliary method. The methods considered for force reduction are 1) utilization of structural instabilities in the SCF, 2) addition of auxiliary SMA actuators, and 3) replacement of selected metallic regions of the SCF with more compliant polymer-based alternatives. These methods are investigated using finite element analysis (FEA) models based on a physical bench-top model developed previously. The FEA models are also capable of modeling contact, complex load cases, and they benefit from the use of a custom user subroutine that captures the pseudoelastic response of SMA materials. For each of the three force reduction concepts considered, design optimizations are conducted using open source optimization codes and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. An overall best design is proposed. C1 [Scholten, William; Hartl, Darren; Strganac, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Turner, Travis] NASA, Struct Acoust Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Scholten, W (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5730-4 PY 2016 AR V002T04A016 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF0YF UT WOS:000379884200016 ER PT J AU Lachir, A Bounoua, L Zhang, P Thome, K Messouli, M AF Lachir, Asia Bounoua, Lahouari Zhang, Ping Thome, Kurtis Messouli, Mohamed TI Modeling the Urban Impact on Semiarid Surface Climate: A Case Study in Marrakech, Morocco SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HEAT-ISLAND; PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; ATMOSPHERIC GCMS; PART I; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; FORMULATION; GENERATION; BALANCE; CITIES AB We combine Landsat and MODIS data in the simple biosphere model to assess the impact of urbanization on surface climate in Marrakech, circa 2010.We find the growing season surface temperature differences between urban and other cover types to vary between 1.6 degrees C and 6.0 degrees C at 1:00 p.m., and between 0.7 degrees C and 1.1 degrees C at 5:00 a.m., local time. Annually however, the built-up area warmed the city 0.3 degrees C during daytime and 0.1 degrees C at night compared to a simulated preurban situation in which the area was fully vegetated. A complete urbanization of the area would decrease its carbon uptake by 0.13 tons and increase its daytime surface temperature by 1.3 degrees C, with 5.72% increase in energy consumption. However, in a smart urban growth scenario, we assume the build-up to cover 50% of the area, allowing it to occur first on bare lands, and then we convert all remaining bare lands to orchards; this would counterbalance 60% of daytime warming and sequester 31% more carbon, compared to the actual situation.We find irrigated golf courses to be the most water-consuming covers types, requiring 15times the region's summer rainfall, and urban areas to distribute 43.8% of incoming precipitation as surface runoff versus only 16.74% for all other cover types combined. This can be a predictor for flash floods. C1 [Lachir, Asia; Messouli, Mohamed] Cadi Ayyad Univ, Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Environm Sci, BP 2390,Blvd Prince My Abdellah, Marrakech 40000, Morocco. [Bounoua, Lahouari; Zhang, Ping; Thome, Kurtis] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhang, Ping] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, Ping] Sci Syst Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd 600,20, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Lachir, A (reprint author), Cadi Ayyad Univ, Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Environm Sci, BP 2390,Blvd Prince My Abdellah, Marrakech 40000, Morocco. EM Asia.lachir@edu.uca.ma FU Fulbright Joint Supervision Program FX During her stay at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Asia Lachir was fully funded by the Fulbright Joint Supervision Program. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS & SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 0703-8992 EI 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 42 IS 4 BP 379 EP 395 DI 10.1080/07038992.2016.1194746 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DR4BO UT WOS:000379846700007 ER PT J AU Tedesco, M Doherty, S Fettweis, X Alexander, P Jeyaratnam, J Stroeve, J AF Tedesco, Marco Doherty, Sarah Fettweis, Xavier Alexander, Patrick Jeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth Stroeve, Julienne TI The darkening of the Greenland ice sheet: trends, drivers, and projections (1981-2100) SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MASS-BALANCE; LIGHT-ABSORBING IMPURITIES; REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; BLACK CARBON; ARCTIC SNOW; WEST GREENLAND; ABLATION ZONE; ENERGY-BALANCE; UNITED-STATES; DARK REGION AB The surface energy balance and meltwater production of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) are modulated by snow and ice albedo through the amount of absorbed solar radiation. Here we show, using space-borne multispectral data collected during the 3 decades from 1981 to 2012, that summertime surface albedo over the GrIS decreased at a statistically significant (99 %) rate of 0.02aEuro-decade(-1) between 1996 and 2012. Over the same period, albedo modelled by the ModSle Atmosph,rique R,gionale (MAR) also shows a decrease, though at a lower rate (similar to-0.01aEuro-decade(-1)) than that obtained from space-borne data. We suggest that the discrepancy between modelled and measured albedo trends can be explained by the absence in the model of processes associated with the presence of light-absorbing impurities. The negative trend in observed albedo is confined to the regions of the GrIS that undergo melting in summer, with the dry-snow zone showing no trend. The period 1981-1996 also showed no statistically significant trend over the whole GrIS. Analysis of MAR outputs indicates that the observed albedo decrease is attributable to the combined effects of increased near-surface air temperatures, which enhanced melt and promoted growth in snow grain size and the expansion of bare ice areas, and to trends in light-absorbing impurities (LAI) on the snow and ice surfaces. Neither aerosol models nor in situ and remote sensing observations indicate increasing trends in LAI in the atmosphere over Greenland. Similarly, an analysis of the number of fires and BC emissions from fires points to the absence of trends for such quantities. This suggests that the apparent increase of LAI in snow and ice might be related to the exposure of a 'dark band' of dirty ice and to increased consolidation of LAI at the surface with melt, not to increased aerosol deposition. Albedo projections through to the end of the century under different warming scenarios consistently point to continued darkening, with albedo anomalies averaged over the whole ice sheet lower by 0.08 in 2100 than in 2000, driven solely by a warming climate. Future darkening is likely underestimated because of known underestimates in modelled melting (as seen in hindcasts) and because the model albedo scheme does not currently include the effects of LAI, which have a positive feedback on albedo decline through increased melting, grain growth, and darkening. C1 [Tedesco, Marco] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Tedesco, Marco; Alexander, Patrick; Jeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Doherty, Sarah] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Fettweis, Xavier] Univ Liege, Liege, Belgium. [Alexander, Patrick] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Stroeve, Julienne] Univ Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. RP Tedesco, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.; Tedesco, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM cryocity@gmail.com OI Fettweis, Xavier/0000-0002-4140-3813 FU NSF [PLR1304807, ANS 0909388]; NASA [NNX1498G] FX M. Tedesco and P. Alexander were supported by NSF grants PLR1304807 and ANS 0909388, and NASA grant NNX1498G. The authors are grateful to Kostas Tsirigadis (NASA GISS) for providing the outputs of GISS modelE of the AeroCom phase II project and to Marie Dumont, Eric Brun, and Samuel Morin for the data used in Fig. 13. NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2016 VL 10 IS 2 BP 477 EP 496 DI 10.5194/tc-10-477-2016 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DQ7TW UT WOS:000379411800001 ER PT J AU Bondzio, JH Seroussi, H Morlighem, M Kleiner, T Ruckamp, M Humbert, A Larour, EY AF Bondzio, Johannes H. Seroussi, Helene Morlighem, Mathieu Kleiner, Thomas Rueckamp, Martin Humbert, Angelika Larour, Eric Y. TI Modelling calving front dynamics using a level-set method: application to Jakobshavn Isbrae, West Greenland SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ICE-SHEET; GLACIER DYNAMICS; SPEED-UP; ANTARCTICA; EVOLUTION; VELOCITY; CLIMATE; FLOW AB Calving is a major mechanism of ice discharge of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, and a change in calving front position affects the entire stress regime of marine terminating glaciers. The representation of calving front dynamics in a 2-D or 3-D ice sheet model remains non-trivial. Here, we present the theoretical and technical framework for a level-set method, an implicit boundary tracking scheme, which we implement into the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM). This scheme allows us to study the dynamic response of a drainage basin to user-defined calving rates. We apply the method to Jakobshavn Isbr', a major marine terminating outlet glacier of the West Greenland Ice Sheet. The model robustly reproduces the high sensitivity of the glacier to calving, and we find that enhanced calving triggers significant acceleration of the ice stream. Upstream acceleration is sustained through a combination of mechanisms. However, both lateral stress and ice influx stabilize the ice stream. This study provides new insights into the ongoing changes occurring at Jakobshavn Isbr' and emphasizes that the incorporation of moving boundaries and dynamic lateral effects, not captured in flow-line models, is key for realistic model projections of sea level rise on centennial timescales. C1 [Bondzio, Johannes H.; Kleiner, Thomas; Rueckamp, Martin; Humbert, Angelika] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Seroussi, Helene; Larour, Eric Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Morlighem, Mathieu] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Humbert, Angelika] Univ Bremen, Fac Geosci 05, Bremen, Germany. RP Bondzio, JH (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. EM jbondzio@uci.edu OI Kleiner, Thomas/0000-0001-7825-5765 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cryospheric Sciences, and Modeling, Analysis and Prediction programs FX A. Humbert acknowledges support of the DLR proposal HYD2059 which provides TerraSAR-X data for the project HGF-Alliance Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics. H. Seroussi, M. Morlighem, and E. Y. Larour are supported by grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cryospheric Sciences, and Modeling, Analysis and Prediction programs. The authors thank the referees G. Jouvet and J. Bassis as well as the editor O. Gagliardini for their helpful and insightful comments. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2016 VL 10 IS 2 BP 497 EP 510 DI 10.5194/tc-10-497-2016 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DQ7TW UT WOS:000379411800002 ER PT B AU Biskach, M Saha, T Zhang, W Mazzarella, J McClelland, R Niemeyer, J Schofield, M Chan, K AF Biskach, Michael Saha, Timo Zhang, William Mazzarella, James McClelland, Ryan Niemeyer, Jason Schofield, Mark Chan, Kai GP ASME TI MIRROR INTEGRATION PROCESS FOR HIGH PRECISION, LIGHTWEIGHT X-RAY OPTICS SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Next, generation X-ray telescopes in the coning decades require optics with high angular resolution and large collecting area at a fixed cost and budget. X-ray optics, unlike traditional normal incidence optics in optical and infrared telescopes, require many times the polished surface area to obtain an equivalent collecting area due to the nature of glancing incidence optics necessary to reflect higher energy X-ray photons. The Next Generation X-ray Optics (NGXO) group at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is developing a manufacturing process capable of producing sub 5 arc-second half-power diameter (BPD) angular resolution optics in the near term, with the long term goal of producing optics for an X-ray telescope in the next 10 years with sub 1 arc-second HPD angular resolution. By parallelizing the production, integration, and testing of X-ray mirrors in separate modules, thousands of precisely fowled X-ray mirror segments are assembled into one Mirror Assembly (MA), lowering the cost per collecting area by orders of magnitude compared to previous X-ray telescopes with similar resolution like the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Novel uses of kinematic mounts, precision actuators, and epoxy fixes each X-ray mirror segment to the submicron level with the sufficient strength to survive rocket launch. C1 [Biskach, Michael; Mazzarella, James; McClelland, Ryan; Niemeyer, Jason; Schofield, Mark] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Saha, Timo; Zhang, William] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chan, Kai] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chan, Kai] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Biskach, M (reprint author), Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM michael.biskach@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5711-3 PY 2016 AR V004T09A021 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering GA BF0YD UT WOS:000379884000076 ER PT J AU Yanovsky, I Lambrigtsen, B AF Yanovsky, I. Lambrigtsen, B. TI Multispectral super-resolution of tropical cyclone imagery using sparsity-based approaches SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REGULARIZATION; RESTORATION; ALGORITHMS; RECONSTRUCTION; RADIOMETER; NOISE AB An aperture synthesis system produces ringing at sharp edges and other transitions in the observed field. In this article, we have developed an efficient multispectral deconvolution method, based on the Split Bregman total variation minimization technique, and it was successful in reducing image ringing, blurring, and distortion, while sharpening the image and preserving the information content. We also present a multispectral multi-frame super-resolution method that is robust to image noise and noise in the point spread function (PSF) and leads to additional improvements in spatial resolution. The methodologies are based on current research in sparse optimization and compressed sensing, which lead to unprecedented efficiencies in solving image reconstruction problems. C1 [Yanovsky, I.; Lambrigtsen, B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Yanovsky, I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Yanovsky, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM igor.yanovsky@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMS 1217239] FX The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. IY also acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation [Grant DMS 1217239]. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2494 EP 2509 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1177245 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DR5NX UT WOS:000379950800003 ER PT J AU Schreier, M Suselj, K AF Schreier, M. Suselj, K. TI Analysis of collocated AIRS and MODIS data: a global investigation of correlations between clouds and atmosphere in 2004-2012 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTIONS; VOCALS-REX; PART II; MODEL; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; PACIFIC; STRATOCUMULUS AB We used collocated observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) to investigate correlations between cloud parameters and atmospheric stability. We focus on low clouds and specifically investigate the cloud parameters cloud cover and cloud optical thickness from MODIS. The selected atmospheric parameters from AIRS are maximum relative humidity (MRH), lower tropospheric stability (LTS), and water vapour gradient (QTS). The correlations were tested for temporal and regional variation on a global scale and over a time frame of 10 years. Cloud cover and MRH show weak correlations and strong variations on both the temporal and spatial scales. However, cloud cover and lower tropospheric stability show a high correlation in areas with low maritime clouds. The correlation is relatively stable, but slightly increased for the years 2009-2012. Correlations between cloud cover and QTS show a similar behaviour, but slightly stronger variations on the spatial and temporal scales, with better correlations in the East Pacific and from 2004 to 2012. The correlations with cloud optical thickness are weaker in all three cases. A more detailed analysis of the Southeast Pacific shows the influence of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on most parameters, but a relatively stable behaviour for the connection of cloud fraction and LTS. Based on the analysis, we suggest that relative humidity is an insufficient approach to link atmospheric properties and low cloud cover. However, we find good correlations with respect to LTS and QTS. LTS in particular indicates low temporal fluctuations, even in the case of influence by ENSO. C1 [Schreier, M.; Suselj, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Schreier, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM mathias.schreier@jpl.nasa.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2524 EP 2540 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1177244 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DR5NX UT WOS:000379950800005 ER PT B AU Rosa, I Roedel, H Lepech, MD Loftus, DJ AF Rosa, Isamar Roedel, Henning Lepech, Michael D. Loftus, David J. GP ASME TI CREATION OF STATISTICALLY EQUIVALENT PERIODIC UNIT CELLS FOR PROTEIN-BOUND SOILS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2015) CY NOV 13-19, 2015 CL Houston, TX SP ASME DE Biocomposites; Periodic Unit Cell; Level Sets; Random Microstructure; Heterogeneous Materials ID BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; ADSORPTION; CONCRETE; BEHAVIOR AB In 2010, NASA was directed to develop technologies to reduce the cost and risk of space exploration and send humans beyond the International Space Station. A central challenge to long-duration space missions is a lack of available construction materials in situ. This work focuses on a novel class of composites that can be produced extraterrestrially in situ by desiccating a mixture of soil, water, and protein binder to create a strong, versatile material. To date, experimental tests of mechanical properties have shown significant variability among samples. This paper focuses on the creation of Statistically Equivalent Periodic Unit Cells (SEPUC) to stochastically model protein bound composites for the purpose of creating FE models that provide insights into experimental results. Model inputs include the soil granulometry and volume fractions of the phases. Ellipsoidal particles are placed, and protein coatings and bridges are created, using a Level Set based Random Sequential Addition algorithm. Each image is assigned a statistical descriptor and a simple genetic algorithm is used to optimize for a statistical descriptor close to that of experimental specimens. The framework is validated by comparing experimental images of protein-bound soils obtained by micro-CT scanning with those obtained through the SEPUC framework. C1 [Rosa, Isamar; Roedel, Henning; Lepech, Michael D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Loftus, David J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Biosci Res Div, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Rosa, I (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM isamar@stanford.edu; hroedel@stanford.edu; mlepech@stanford.edu; david.j.loftus@nasa.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5752-6 PY 2016 AR V009T12A058 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0XE UT WOS:000379791500058 ER PT B AU Bias, S Phillips, DL Cabler, KN AF Bias, Sheri Phillips, Donna L. Cabler, Kathleen N. BE Sims, RR Sauser, WI Bias, S TI TRANSITION TO A NEW STATE Consolidating Organizational Resources at NASA Langley Research Center SO TRANSFORMING GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS: FRESH IDEAS AND EXAMPLES FROM THE FIELD SE Contemporary Human Resource Management Issues Challenges and Opportunities LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bias, Sheri] St Leo Univ, Human Resources Adm, St Leo, FL 33574 USA. [Bias, Sheri] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Bias, Sheri] Anheuser Busch, St Louis, MO USA. [Bias, Sheri] Philip Morris, Richmond, VA USA. [Bias, Sheri] Pricewaterhouse Coopers, New York, NY USA. [Phillips, Donna L.; Cabler, Kathleen N.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Cabler, Kathleen N.] Cabler Consulting Grp, Virginia Beach, VA USA. RP Bias, S (reprint author), St Leo Univ, Human Resources Adm, St Leo, FL 33574 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-68123-455-7; 978-1-68123-456-4 J9 CONT HUM RES MANAG PY 2016 BP 199 EP 211 PG 13 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BF0UN UT WOS:000379454100006 ER PT B AU Bielefeldt, B Hochhalter, J Hartl, D AF Bielefeldt, Brent Hochhalter, Jacob Hartl, Darren GP ASME TI COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF SMA SENSORY PARTICLES EMBEDDED IN COMPLEX AEROSTRUCTURES USING A SUBSTRUCTURE APPROACH SO ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 21-23, 2015 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP ASME, Aerospace Div ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MODEL AB The Digital Twin concept represents an innovative method to monitor and predict the performance of an aircraft's various subsystems. By creating ultra-realistic multi-physical computational models associated with each unique aircraft and combining them with known flight histories, operators could benefit from a real-time understanding of the vehicle's current capabilities. One important facet of the Digital Twin program is the detection and monitoring of structural damage. Recently, a method to detect fatigue cracks using the transformation response of shape memory alloy (SMA) particles embedded in the aircraft structure has been proposed. By detecting changes in the mechanical and/or electromagnetic responses of embedded particles, operators could detect the onset of fatigue cracks in the vicinity of these particles. In this work, the development of a finite element model of an aircraft wing containing embedded SMA particles in key regions will be discussed. In particular, this model will feature a technique known as substructure analysis, which retains degrees of freedom at specified points key to scale transitions, greatly reducing computational cost. By using this technique to model an aircraft wing subjected to loading experienced during flight, we can simulate the response of these localized particles while also reducing computation time. This new model serves to demonstrate key aspects of this detection technique. Future work, including the determination of the material properties associated with these particles as well as exploring the positioning of these particles for optimal crack detection, is also discussed. C1 [Bielefeldt, Brent; Hartl, Darren] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hochhalter, Jacob] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Hartl, D (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM darren.hartl@tamu.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5729-8 PY 2016 AR V001T02A007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF0YE UT WOS:000379884100029 ER PT J AU Hioki, S Yang, P Baum, BA Platnick, S Meyer, KG King, MD Riedi, J AF Hioki, Souichiro Yang, Ping Baum, Bryan A. Platnick, Steven Meyer, Kerry G. King, Michael D. Riedi, Jerome TI Degree of ice particle surface roughness inferred from polarimetric observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; SATELLITE-BASED RETRIEVAL; CLOUD OPTICAL-THICKNESS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CIRRUS CLOUDS; POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB The degree of surface roughness of ice particles within thick, cold ice clouds is inferred from multi-directional, multi-spectral satellite polarimetric observations over oceans, assuming a column-aggregate particle habit. An improved roughness inference scheme is employed that provides a more noise-resilient roughness estimate than the conventional best-fit approach. The improvements include the introduction of a quantitative roughness parameter based on empirical orthogonal function analysis and proper treatment of polarization due to atmospheric scattering above clouds. A global 1-month data sample supports the use of a severely roughened ice habit to simulate the polarized reflectivity associated with ice clouds over ocean. The density distribution of the roughness parameter inferred from the global 1-month data sample and further analyses of a few case studies demonstrate the significant variability of ice cloud single-scattering properties. However, the present theoretical results do not agree with observations in the tropics. In the extratropics, the roughness parameter is inferred but 74aEuro-% of the sample is out of the expected parameter range. Potential improvements are discussed to enhance the depiction of the natural variability on a global scale. C1 [Hioki, Souichiro; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Baum, Bryan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Platnick, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Meyer, Kerry G.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA. [King, Michael D.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Riedi, Jerome] Univ Lille Sci & Technol, Lab Opt Atmospher, Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Hioki, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM s.hioki@tamu.edu RI King, Michael/C-7153-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Hioki, Souichiro/Q-2378-2016; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016 OI King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298; Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Hioki, Souichiro/0000-0001-6307-1832; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200 FU NASA [NNX11AR06G, NNX15AP12H] FX The authors thank the ICARE Data and Service Center for providing POLDER/PARASOL data, the NASA LAADS system for providing MODIS atmosphere products, and the NASA GSFC GES DAAC for providing AIRS data. The ice particle scattering calculations are conducted at the Texas A&M University Supercomputing Facility. The authors are grateful to Lei Bi for help in light scattering computations. This work was funded by NASA Grants NNX11AR06G and NNX15AP12H, and the authors are grateful for continued support from Hal Maring. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 7545 EP 7558 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7545-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VZ UT WOS:000379417300004 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Fu, R Wang, T Liu, YM AF Zhang, Kai Fu, Rong Wang, Tao Liu, Yimin TI Impact of geographic variations of the convective and dehydration center on stratospheric water vapor over the Asian monsoon region SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUMMER MONSOON; OZONE; TRANSPORT; CLIMATE; TRENDS; DISTRIBUTIONS; OSCILLATION; TROPOSPHERE; SIMULATION; HUMIDITY AB The Asian monsoon region is the most prominent moisture center of water vapor in the lower stratosphere (LS) during boreal summer. Previous studies have suggested that the transport of water vapor to the Asian monsoon LS is controlled by dehydration temperatures and convection mainly over the Bay of Bengal and Southeast Asia. However, there is a clear geographic variation of convection associated with the seasonal and intra-seasonal variations of the Asian monsoon circulation, and the relative influence of such a geographic variation of convection vs. the variation of local dehydration temperatures on water vapor transport is still not clear. Using satellite observations from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and a domain-filling forward trajectory model, we show that almost half of the seasonal water vapor increase in the Asian monsoon LS are attributable to geographic variations of convection and resultant variations of the dehydration center, of which the influence is comparable to the influence of the local dehydration temperature increase. In particular, dehydration temperatures are coldest over the southeast and warmest over the northwest Asian monsoon region. Although the convective center is located over Southeast Asia, an anomalous increase of convection over the northwest Asia monsoon region increases local diabatic heating in the tropopause layer and air masses entering the LS are dehydrated at relatively warmer temperatures. Due to warmer dehydration temperatures, anomalously moist air enters the LS and moves eastward along the northern flank of the monsoon anticyclonic flow, leading to wet anomalies in the LS over the Asian monsoon region. Likewise, when convection increases over the Southeast Asia monsoon region, dry anomalies appear in the LS. On a seasonal scale, this feature is associated with the monsoon circulation, convection and diabatic heating marching towards the northwest Asia monsoon region from June to August. The march of convection leads to an increasing fraction of the air mass to be dehydrated at warmer temperatures over the northwest Asia monsoon region. Work presented here confirms the dominant role of temperatures on water vapor variations and emphasizes that further studies should take geographic variations of the dehydration center into consideration when studying water vapor variations in the LS as it is linked to changes of convection and large-scale circulation patterns. C1 [Zhang, Kai; Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wang, Tao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Liu, Yimin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Tao] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kzkaizhang@utexas.edu RI Wang, Tao/C-2381-2011 OI Wang, Tao/0000-0003-3430-8508 FU NASA [NNX11AE72G]; National Science Foundation of China [NSFC 91437219] FX We sincerely thank William J. Randel and Mijeong Park for their comments and discussions that lead to significant improvement in this work. We appreciate Kenneth P. Bowman's work on developing the trajectory code, and we thank Mark R. Schoeberl and Andrew E. Dessler for designing and developing the trajectory simulation system that is implemented by Tao Wang for simulations in this study. We thank Peirong Lin for improvements on figures and writing. We would also like to acknowledge the editorial assistance from Rachael Isphording and Adam Papendieck. Kai Zhang and Rong Fu were supported by NASA Aura Science Team Grant (No. NNX11AE72G). Yimin Liu is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC 91437219). NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 7825 EP 7835 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7825-2016 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VZ UT WOS:000379417300021 ER PT J AU Frankenberg, C Kulawik, SS Wofsy, SC Chevallier, F Daube, B Kort, EA O'Dell, C Olsen, ET Osterman, G AF Frankenberg, Christian Kulawik, Susan S. Wofsy, Steven C. Chevallier, Frederic Daube, Bruce Kort, Eric A. O'Dell, Christopher Olsen, Edward T. Osterman, Gregory TI Using airborne HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) to evaluate model and remote sensing estimates of atmospheric carbon dioxide SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEASONAL CYCLE; CO2; GOSAT; CARBONTRACKER; SENSITIVITY; ALGORITHM; TRANSPORT AB In recent years, space-borne observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) have been increasingly used in global carbon-cycle studies. In order to obtain added value from space-borne measurements, they have to suffice stringent accuracy and precision requirements, with the latter being less crucial as it can be reduced by just enhanced sample size. Validation of CO2 column-averaged dry air mole fractions (XCO2) heavily relies on measurements of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Owing to the sparseness of the network and the requirements imposed on space-based measurements, independent additional validation is highly valuable. Here, we use observations from the High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) flights from 01/2009 through 09/2011 to validate CO2 measurements from satellites (Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite - GOSAT, Thermal Emission Sounder - TES, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder - AIRS) and atmospheric inversion models (CarbonTracker CT2013B, Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) v13r1). We find that the atmospheric models capture the XCO2 variability observed in HIPPO flights very well, with correlation coefficients (r(2)) of 0.93 and 0.95 for CT2013B and MACC, respectively. Some larger discrepancies can be observed in profile comparisons at higher latitudes, in particular at 300aEuro-hPa during the peaks of either carbon uptake or release. These deviations can be up to 4aEuro-ppm and hint at misrepresentation of vertical transport. Comparisons with the GOSAT satellite are of comparable quality, with an r(2) of 0.85, a mean bias mu of -0.06aEuro-ppm, and a standard deviation sigma of 0.45aEuro-ppm. TES exhibits an r(2) of 0.75, mu of 0.34aEuro-ppm, and sigma of 1.13aEuro-ppm. For AIRS, we find an r(2) of 0.37, mu of 1.11aEuro-ppm, and sigma of 1.46aEuro-ppm, with latitude-dependent biases. For these comparisons at least 6, 20, and 50 atmospheric soundings have been averaged for GOSAT, TES, and AIRS, respectively. Overall, we find that GOSAT soundings over the remote Pacific Ocean mostly meet the stringent accuracy requirements of about 0.5aEuro-ppm for space-based CO2 observations. C1 [Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Frankenberg, Christian; Olsen, Edward T.; Osterman, Gregory] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kulawik, Susan S.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Wofsy, Steven C.; Daube, Bruce] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chevallier, Frederic] LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kort, Eric A.] Univ Michigan, Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [O'Dell, Christopher] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Frankenberg, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Frankenberg, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM cfranken@caltech.edu RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU NASA Roses ESDR-ERR [10/10-ESDRERR10-0031] FX Funded by NASA Roses ESDR-ERR 10/10-ESDRERR10-0031, "Estimation of biases and errors of CO2 satellite observations from AIRS, GOSAT, SCIAMACHY, TES, and OCO-2". We thank the entire HIPPO team for making these measurements possible and the NIES and JAXA GOSAT teams for designing and operating the GOSAT mission and generously sharing L1 data with the ACOS project. Andy Jacobson (NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado) provided CarbonTracker CT2013B results and advised in data usage and interpretation. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 7867 EP 7878 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7867-2016 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VZ UT WOS:000379417300024 ER PT J AU Davis, ME Bernard, F McGillen, MR Fleming, EL Burkholder, JB AF Davis, Maxine E. Bernard, Francois McGillen, Max R. Fleming, Eric L. Burkholder, James B. TI UV and infrared absorption spectra, atmospheric lifetimes, and ozone depletion and global warming potentials for CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112), CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a), and CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SUBSTANCES; IMPACT; INTENSITIES; MODEL AB The potential impact of CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a) and the recently observed CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112), CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), and CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on stratospheric ozone and climate is presently not well characterized. In this study, the UV absorption spectra of these CFCs were measured between 192.5 and 235aEuro-nm over the temperature range 207-323aEuro-K. Precise parameterizations of the UV absorption spectra are presented. A 2-D atmospheric model was used to evaluate the CFC atmospheric loss processes, lifetimes, ozone depletion potentials (ODPs), and the associated uncertainty ranges in these metrics due to the kinetic and photochemical uncertainty. The CFCs are primarily removed in the stratosphere by short-wavelength UV photolysis with calculated global annually averaged steady-state lifetimes (years) of 63.6 (61.9-64.7), 51.5 (50.0-52.6), 55.4 (54.3-56.3), and 105.3 (102.9-107.4) for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. The range of lifetimes given in parentheses is due to the 2 sigma uncertainty in the UV absorption spectra and O(D-1) rate coefficients included in the model calculations. The 2-D model was also used to calculate the CFC ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) with values of 0.98, 0.86, 0.73, and 0.72 obtained for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. Using the infrared absorption spectra and lifetimes determined in this work, the CFC global warming potentials (GWPs) were estimated to be 4260 (CFC-112), 3330 (CFC-112a), 3650 (CFC-113a), and 6510 (CFC-114a) for the 100-year time horizon. C1 [Davis, Maxine E.; Bernard, Francois; McGillen, Max R.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Davis, Maxine E.; Bernard, Francois; McGillen, Max R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Maxine E.] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Fleming, Eric L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.b.burkholder@noaa.gov RI BERNARD, Francois/F-2864-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI BERNARD, Francois/0000-0002-6116-3167; FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. The Supplement includes digitized infrared spectra as well as additional figures, model results, and tables. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 8043 EP 8052 DI 10.5194/acp-16-8043-2016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VZ UT WOS:000379417300035 ER PT J AU Naeger, AR Gupta, P Zavodsky, BT McGrath, KM AF Naeger, Aaron R. Gupta, Pawan Zavodsky, Bradley T. McGrath, Kevin M. TI Monitoring and tracking the trans-Pacific transport of aerosols using multi-satellite aerosol optical depth composites SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER CODE; ASIAN DUST AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; PART II; SIMULATED CLIMATOLOGY; CALIPSO MISSION; CLOUD DETECTION; VECTOR VERSION; SATELLITE DATA; AIR-POLLUTION AB The primary goal of this study was to generate a near-real time (NRT) aerosol optical depth (AOD) product capable of providing a comprehensive understanding of the aerosol spatial distribution over the Pacific Ocean, in order to better monitor and track the trans-Pacific transport of aerosols. Therefore, we developed a NRT product that takes advantage of observations from both low-earth orbiting and geostationary satellites. In particular, we utilize AOD products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellites. Then, we combine these AOD products with our own retrieval algorithms developed for the NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-15) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT-2) to generate a NRT daily AOD composite product. We present examples of the daily AOD composite product for a case study of trans-Pacific transport of Asian pollution and dust aerosols in mid-March 2014. Overall, the new product successfully tracks this aerosol plume during its trans-Pacific transport to the west coast of North America as the frequent geostationary observations lead to a greater coverage of cloud-free AOD retrievals equator-ward of about 35 degrees N, while the polar-orbiting satellites provide a greater coverage of AOD poleward of 35 degrees N. However, we note several areas across the domain of interest from Asia to North America where the GOES-15 and MTSAT-2 retrieval algorithms can introduce significant uncertainties into the new product. C1 [Naeger, Aaron R.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Gupta, Pawan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Gupta, Pawan] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Zavodsky, Bradley T.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [McGrath, Kevin M.] Jacobs Engn Inc, ESSSA Grp, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Naeger, AR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM naeger@nsstc.uah.edu FU NASA/HQ FX We acknowledge the Land, Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for Earth observing system (LANCE) for access to the MODIS Level 2 AOD products. LANCE is operated by the NASA/GSFC/Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) with funding provided by NASA/HQ. We also thank the NOAA Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS) subscription service for near-real-time delivery of AOD data from the VIIRS Environmental Data Record, the Atmospheric Science Data Center at NASA Langley Research Center for access to the MISR and CALIOP data products, and the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov). We thank the site managers on the AERONET team for establishing and maintaining their sites, and the anonymous reviewers who helped improve this paper through their useful comments. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2463 EP 2482 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2463-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7OM UT WOS:000379397100002 ER PT J AU Hubert, D Lambert, JC Verhoelst, T Granville, J Keppens, A Baray, JL Bourassa, AE Cortesi, U Degenstein, DA Froidevaux, L Godin-Beekmann, S Hoppel, KW Johnson, BJ Kyrola, E Leblanc, T Lichtenberg, G Marchand, M McElroy, CT Murtagh, D Nakane, H Portafaix, T Querel, R Russell, JM Salvador, J Smit, HGJ Stebel, K Steinbrecht, W Strawbridge, KB Stubi, R Swart, DPJ Taha, G Tarasick, DW Thompson, AM Urban, J van Gijsel, JAE Van Malderen, R von der Gathen, P Walker, KA Wolfram, E Zawodny, JM AF Hubert, Daan Lambert, Jean-Christopher Verhoelst, Tijl Granville, Jose Keppens, Arno Baray, Jean-Luc Bourassa, Adam E. Cortesi, Ugo Degenstein, Doug A. Froidevaux, Lucien Godin-Beekmann, Sophie Hoppel, Karl W. Johnson, Bryan J. Kyrola, Erkki Leblanc, Thierry Lichtenberg, Guenter Marchand, Marion McElroy, C. Thomas Murtagh, Donal Nakane, Hideaki Portafaix, Thierry Querel, Richard Russell, James M., III Salvador, Jacobo Smit, Herman G. J. Stebel, Kerstin Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Strawbridge, Kevin B. Stubi, Rene Swart, Daan P. J. Taha, Ghassan Tarasick, David W. Thompson, Anne M. Urban, Joachim van Gijsel, Joanna A. E. Van Malderen, Roeland von der Gathen, Peter Walker, Kaley A. Wolfram, Elian Zawodny, Joseph M. TI Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of 14 limb and occultation ozone profile data records SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SAGE-II; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; POAM-III; DATA SET; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; RELATIVE DRIFTS; ERROR ANALYSIS; PAST CHANGES AB The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of 14 limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20 and 40 km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than +/- 5 %, the short-term variabilities are less than 5-12% and the drifts are at most +/- 5% decade(-1) (or even +/- 3% decade(-1) for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10% and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY) and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses. C1 [Hubert, Daan; Lambert, Jean-Christopher; Verhoelst, Tijl; Granville, Jose; Keppens, Arno] Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. [Baray, Jean-Luc; Portafaix, Thierry] Univ Reunion, CNRS, Lab Atmosphere & Cyclones, Meteo France,OSU Reunion, St Denis, Reunion. [Baray, Jean-Luc] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, Observ Phys Globe Clermont Ferrand, Lab Meteorol Phys, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Bourassa, Adam E.; Degenstein, Doug A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Cortesi, Ugo] Ist Fis Appl Nello Carrara Consiglio Nazl Ric, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. [Froidevaux, Lucien] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Godin-Beekmann, Sophie; Marchand, Marion] Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvelines, CNRS, Lab Atmosphere Milieux Observ Spatiales, Paris, France. [Hoppel, Karl W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Johnson, Bryan J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kyrola, Erkki] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Leblanc, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Lichtenberg, Guenter] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Remote Sensing Technol Inst, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [McElroy, C. Thomas] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Murtagh, Donal; Urban, Joachim] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Nakane, Hideaki] Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi, Japan. [Nakane, Hideaki] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Querel, Richard] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Salvador, Jacobo; Wolfram, Elian] CEILAP UNIDEF MINDEF CONICET, UMI IFAECI CNRS 3351, Villa Martelli, Argentina. [Smit, Herman G. J.] Res Ctr Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Troposphere IEK 8, Julich, Germany. [Stebel, Kerstin] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Steinbrecht, Wolfgang] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observatorium, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Strawbridge, Kevin B.; Tarasick, David W.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Air Qual Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Stubi, Rene] MeteoSwiss, Payerne Aerol Stn, Payerne, Switzerland. [Swart, Daan P. J.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Taha, Ghassan] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Taha, Ghassan; Thompson, Anne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [van Gijsel, Joanna A. E.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Van Malderen, Roeland] Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, Brussels, Belgium. [von der Gathen, Peter] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Walker, Kaley A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Walker, Kaley A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Zawodny, Joseph M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Hubert, D (reprint author), Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. EM daan.hubert@aeronomie.be RI von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; van Gijsel, Joanna/F-8087-2010; Smit, Herman/J-2397-2012; Querel, Richard/D-3770-2015; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Smit, Herman/0000-0002-2268-4189; Querel, Richard/0000-0001-8792-2486; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Hubert, Daan/0000-0002-4365-865X; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU ESA; EU under FP6 project GEOmon [FP6-2005-Global-4-036677]; ESA's CCI Ozone project; Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO); ProDEx project SECPEA; ProDEx project A3C; ESA/ProDEx projects Ex Val [C90190, CN1-4]; Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA; NOAA; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; German (DLR) space agency; Dutch (NSO) space agency; Belgian contribution via BIRA-IASB; space agency of Sweden; space agency of Canada; space agency of Finland; space agency of France FX Part of this work was funded by ESA projects Multi-TASTE and VALID, by the EU under FP6 project GEOmon (FP6-2005-Global-4-036677), and by ESA's CCI Ozone project. D. Hubert, A. Keppens and T. Verhoelst acknowledge national funding from the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) and ProDEx projects SECPEA and A3C. K. Stebel acknowledges funding from the ESA/ProDEx projects Ex Val (C90190, CN1-4, 2005-2011). J. A. E. van Gijsel and D. Swart acknowledge support from the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment. Work performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We are also grateful to C. De Clercq, D. Pieroux and S. Vandenbussche for their valuable input. The ozonesonde and lidar data used in this publication were obtained as part of WMO's Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) and two of its main contributors, namely, the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes programme (SHADOZ). The authors acknowledge the meticulous and sustained work of the PIs and staff at ozonesonde and lidar stations to acquire and maintain long-term ozone data records of high quality. The data records are publicly available via the NDACC Data Host Facility (http://www.ndacc.org), the SHADOZ archive (http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/shadoz) and the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Centre (http://www.woudc.org). NDACC and SHADOZ are supported by meteorological services and space agencies from many countries, with archives funded by NASA and NOAA. We acknowledge the work by F. Posny, as PI of the ozonesonde observations at Reunion Island. The authors also thank the satellite science and processing teams and the contributing space agencies. Measurements from the SAGE and HALOE missions are provided and maintained through support from NASA's Earth Science Division. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIA-MACHY) is a joint contribution of Germany, The Netherlands and Belgium to ESA's environmental satellite Envisat and is funded by the German (DLR) and Dutch (NSO) space agencies with Belgian contribution via BIRA-IASB. Sweden's Odin satellite carries the atmospheric and astronomical missions OSIRIS and SMR, developed and funded jointly by the space agencies of Sweden, Canada, Finland and France. This work is dedicated to our much appreciated colleague J. Urban, who regrettably passed away. NR 111 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 11 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2497 EP 2534 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2497-2016 PG 38 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7OM UT WOS:000379397100004 ER PT J AU Fu, DJ Bowman, KW Worden, HM Natraj, V Worden, JR Yu, SS Veefkind, P Aben, I Landgraf, J Strow, L Han, Y AF Fu, Dejian Bowman, Kevin W. Worden, Helen M. Natraj, Vijay Worden, John R. Yu, Shanshan Veefkind, Pepijn Aben, Ilse Landgraf, Jochen Strow, Larrabee Han, Yong TI High-resolution tropospheric carbon monoxide profiles retrieved from CrIS and TROPOMI SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; ORDINATE RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION; OZONE; MODEL; POLLUTION; MISSION AB The Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument is the only satellite-borne sensor in operation that uses both thermal (TIR) and near-infrared (NIR) channels to estimate CO profiles. With more than 15 years (2000 to present) of validated multispectral observations, MOPITT provides the unique capability to separate CO in the lowermost troposphere (LMT, surface to 3 km (similar to 700 hPa)) from the free-tropospheric abundance. To extend this record, a new, hyper-spectral approach is presented here that will provide CO data products exceeding the capabilities of MOPITT by combining the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR, equivalent to the MOPITT NIR) channels from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) to be launched aboard the European Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5p) satellite in 2016 and the TIR channels from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite. We apply the MUlti-SpEctra, MUlti-SpEcies, Multi-SEnsors (MUSES) retrieval algorithm to quantify the potential of this joint CO product. CO profiles are retrieved from a single-footprint, full-spectral-resolution CrIS transect over Africa on 27-28 August 2013 coincident with significant biomass burning. Comparisons of collocated CrIS and MOPITT CO observations for the LMT show a mean difference of 2.8 +/- 24.9 ppb, which is well within the estimated measurement uncertainty of both sensors. The estimated degrees of freedom (DOF) for CO signals from synergistic CrIS-TROPOMI retrievals are approximately 0.9 in the LMT and 1.3 above the LMT, which indicates that the LMT CO can be distinguished from the free troposphere, similar to MOPITT multispectral observations (0.8 in the LMT, and 1.1 above the LMT). In addition to increased sensitivity, the combined retrievals reduce measurement uncertainty, with similar to 15% error reduction in the LMT. With a daily global coverage and a combined spatial footprint of 14 km, the joint CrIS-TROPOMI measurements have the potential to extend and improve upon the MOPITT multispectral CO data records for the coming decade. C1 [Fu, Dejian; Bowman, Kevin W.; Natraj, Vijay; Worden, John R.; Yu, Shanshan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. [Worden, Helen M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Veefkind, Pepijn] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Veefkind, Pepijn] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Geosci & Remote Sensing, Stevinweg 1, Delft, Netherlands. [Aben, Ilse; Landgraf, Jochen] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Strow, Larrabee] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Han, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA. RP Fu, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. EM dejian.fu@jpl.nasa.gov RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Yu, Shanshan/D-8733-2016 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; FU NASA ROSE Atmospheric Composition: AURA Science Team program [NNN13D455T]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors thank David Crisp, Annmarie Eldering, Michael R. Gunson, Susan S. Kulawik, Karen Cady-Pereira, Vivienne H. Payne, Bradley R. Pierce, and Stanley P. Sander for many helpful discussions. Support from the NASA ROSE-2013 Atmospheric Composition: AURA Science Team program (grant number: NNN13D455T) is gratefully acknowledged. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We than the editor, I. Moradi for his excellent work. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2567 EP 2579 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2567-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7OM UT WOS:000379397100007 ER PT J AU Millan, L Lebsock, M Livesey, N Tanelli, S AF Millan, Luis Lebsock, Matthew Livesey, Nathaniel Tanelli, Simone TI Differential absorption radar techniques: water vapor retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; TROPICAL CIRRUS; 1 THZ; CLOUDS; LIDAR; PARAMETERIZATION; PRESSURE; ICE; PRECIPITATION AB Two radar pulses sent at different frequencies near the 183 GHz water vapor line can be used to determine total column water vapor and water vapor profiles (within clouds or precipitation) exploiting the differential absorption on and off the line. We assess these water vapor measurements by applying a radar instrument simulator to CloudSat pixels and then running end-to-end retrieval simulations. These end-to-end retrievals enable us to fully characterize not only the expected precision but also their potential biases, allowing us to select radar tones that maximize the water vapor signal minimizing potential errors due to spectral variations in the target extinction properties. A hypothetical CloudSat-like instrument with 500m by similar to 1 km vertical and horizontal resolution and a minimum detectable signal and radar precision of -30 and 0.16 dBZ, respectively, can estimate total column water vapor with an expected precision of around 0.03 cm, with potential biases smaller than 0.26 cm most of the time, even under rainy conditions. The expected precision for water vapor profiles was found to be around 89% on average, with potential biases smaller than 77% most of the time when the profile is being retrieved close to surface but smaller than 38% above 3 km. By using either horizontal or vertical averaging, the precision will improve vastly, with the measurements still retaining a considerably high vertical and/or horizontal resolution. C1 [Millan, Luis; Lebsock, Matthew; Livesey, Nathaniel; Tanelli, Simone] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Millan, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM lmillan@jpl.nasa.gov RI Millan, Luis/J-2759-2015 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2633 EP 2646 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2633-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7OM UT WOS:000379397100012 ER PT J AU Nowlan, CR Liu, X Leitch, J Chance, K Abad, GG Liu, C Zoogman, P Cole, J Delker, T Good, W Murcray, F Ruppert, L Soo, D Follette-Cook, MB Janz, SJ Kowalewski, MG Loughner, CP Pickering, KE Herman, JR Beaver, MR Long, RW Szykman, JJ Judd, LM Kelley, P Luke, WT Ren, XR Al-Saadi, JA AF Nowlan, Caroline R. Liu, Xiong Leitch, JamesW. Chance, Kelly Abad, Gonzalo Gonzalez Liu, Cheng Zoogman, Peter Cole, Joshua Delker, Thomas Good, William Murcray, Frank Ruppert, Lyle Soo, Daniel Follette-Cook, Melanie B. Janz, Scott J. Kowalewski, Matthew G. Loughner, Christopher P. Pickering, Kenneth E. Herman, Jay R. Beaver, Melinda R. Long, Russell W. Szykman, James J. Judd, Laura M. Kelley, Paul Luke, Winston T. Ren, Xinrong Al-Saadi, Jassim A. TI Nitrogen dioxide observations from the Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) airborne instrument: Retrieval algorithm and measurements during DISCOVER-AQ Texas 2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; IMAGING DOAS INSTRUMENT; TROPOSPHERIC NO2 RETRIEVAL; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; FORMALDEHYDE; OMI; SCATTERING AB The Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) airborne instrument is a test bed for upcoming air quality satellite instruments that will measure backscattered ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared light from geostationary orbit. GeoTASO flew on the NASA Falcon aircraft in its first intensive field measurement campaign during the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) Earth Venture Mission over Houston, Texas, in September 2013. Measurements of backscattered solar radiation between 420 and 465 nm collected on 4 days during the campaign are used to determine slant column amounts of NO2 at 250 m x 250 m spatial resolution with a fitting precision of 2.2 x 10(15) molecules cm(-2). These slant columns are converted to tropospheric NO2 vertical columns using a radiative transfer model and trace gas profiles from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Total column NO2 from GeoTASO is well correlated with ground-based Pandora observations (r = 0 : 90 on the most polluted and cloud-free day of measurements and r = 0.74 overall), with GeoTASO NO2 slightly higher for the most polluted observations. Surface NO2 mixing ratios inferred from GeoTASO using the CMAQ model show good correlation with NO2 measured in situ at the surface during the campaign (r = 0 : 85). NO2 slant columns from GeoTASO also agree well with preliminary retrievals from the GEO-CAPE Airborne Simulator (GCAS) which flew on the NASA King Air B200 (r = 0.81, slope = 0.91). Enhanced NO2 is resolvable over areas of traffic NOx emissions and near individual petrochemical facilities. C1 [Nowlan, Caroline R.; Liu, Xiong; Chance, Kelly; Abad, Gonzalo Gonzalez; Liu, Cheng; Zoogman, Peter] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Leitch, JamesW.; Cole, Joshua; Delker, Thomas; Good, William; Murcray, Frank; Ruppert, Lyle; Soo, Daniel] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Follette-Cook, Melanie B.] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. [Follette-Cook, Melanie B.; Janz, Scott J.; Kowalewski, Matthew G.; Loughner, Christopher P.; Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Loughner, Christopher P.; Kelley, Paul; Ren, Xinrong] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Herman, Jay R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Beaver, Melinda R.; Long, Russell W.; Szykman, James J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Judd, Laura M.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Kelley, Paul; Luke, Winston T.; Ren, Xinrong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Al-Saadi, Jassim A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Liu, Cheng] Univ Sci & Technol, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Nowlan, CR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cnowlan@cfa.harvard.edu RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480; Loughner, Christopher/0000-0002-3833-2014 FU NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program; NASA GEO-CAPE Program FX This work was supported under the NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program and the NASA GEO-CAPE Program. MODIS MCD43GF V005 data were provided by the MODIS remote sensing group at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from GOME-2/Metop-A from http://www.temis.nl. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development under the Air, Climate and Energy Research Program collaborated on this research. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2647 EP 2668 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2647-2016 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7OM UT WOS:000379397100013 ER PT J AU Abad, GG Vasilkov, A Seftor, C Liu, X Chance, K AF Abad, Gonzalo Gonzalez Vasilkov, Alexander Seftor, Colin Liu, Xiong Chance, Kelly TI Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (SAO OMPS) formaldehyde retrieval SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; GOME-2 OBSERVATIONS; GLOBAL OBSERVATIONS; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; COLUMNS; CLIMATE; HCHO AB This paper presents our new formaldehyde (H2CO) retrievals, obtained from spectra recorded by the nadir instrument of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) flown on board NASA's Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SUOMI-NPP) satellite. Our algorithm is similar to the one currently in place for the production of NASA's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) operational H2CO product. We are now able to produce a set of long-term data from two different instruments that share a similar concept and a similar retrieval approach. The ongoing overlap period between OMI and OMPS offers a perfect opportunity to study the consistency between both data sets. The different spatial and spectral resolution of the instruments is a source of discrepancy in the retrievals despite the similarity of the physic assumptions of the algorithm. We have concluded that the reduced spectral resolution of OMPS in comparison with OMI is not a significant obstacle in obtaining good-quality retrievals. Indeed, the improved signal-to-noise ratio of OMPS with respect to OMI helps to reduce the noise of the retrievals performed using OMPS spectra. However, the size of OMPS spatial pixels imposes a limitation in the capability to distinguish particular features of H2CO that are discernible with OMI. With root mean square (RMS) residuals similar to 5 x 10(-4) for individual pixels we estimate the detection limit to be about 7.5 x 10(15)aEuro-molecules cm(-2). Total vertical column density (VCD) errors for individual pixels range between 40aEuro-% for pixels with high concentrations to 100aEuro-% or more for pixels with concentrations at or below the detection limit. We compare different OMI products (SAO OMI v3.0.2 and BIRA OMI v14) with our OMPS product using 1 year of data, between September 2012 and September 2013. The seasonality of the retrieved slant columns is captured similarly by all products but there are discrepancies in the values of the VCDs. The mean biases among the two OMI products and our OMPS product are 23aEuro-% between OMI SAO and OMPS SAO and 28aEuro-% between OMI BIRA and OMPS SAO for eight selected regions. C1 [Abad, Gonzalo Gonzalez; Liu, Xiong; Chance, Kelly] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vasilkov, Alexander; Seftor, Colin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Abad, GG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ggonzalezabad@cfa.harvard.edu RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480 FU NASA Atmospheric Composition Program/Aura Science Team [NNX11AE58G]; Consortium for Unlocking the Mysteries of the Universe FX This study is supported by NASA Atmospheric Composition Program/Aura Science Team (NNX11AE58G) and internal Smithsonian Institution funds from the Consortium for Unlocking the Mysteries of the Universe. The Dutch-Finnish OMI instrument is part of the NASA EOS Aura satellite payload. The OMI Project is managed by NIVR and KNMI in the Netherlands. We acknowledge the OMI and OMPS projects for providing data used in this study. We thank Kai Yang for his valuable input understanding the characteristics of OMPS-NM. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 2797 EP 2812 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2797-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VY UT WOS:000379417200003 ER PT J AU Gupta, P Joiner, J Vasilkov, A Bhartia, PK AF Gupta, Pawan Joiner, Joanna Vasilkov, Alexander Bhartia, Pawan K. TI Top-of-the-atmosphere shortwave flux estimation from satellite observations: an empirical neural network approach applied with data from the A-train constellation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; CLOUD PRESSURE; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; MODIS OBSERVATIONS; TERRA SATELLITE; PART I AB Estimates of top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) radiative flux are essential for the understanding of Earth's energy budget and climate system. Clouds, aerosols, water vapor, and ozone (O-3) are among the most important atmospheric agents impacting the Earth's shortwave (SW) radiation budget. There are several sensors in orbit that provide independent information related to these parameters. Having coincident information from these sensors is important for understanding their potential contributions. The A-train constellation of satellites provides a unique opportunity to analyze data from several of these sensors. In this paper, retrievals of cloud/aerosol parameters and total column ozone (TCO) from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) have been collocated with the Aqua Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) estimates of total reflected TOA outgoing SW flux (SWF). We use these data to develop a variety of neural networks that estimate TOA SWF globally over ocean and land using only OMI data and other ancillary information as inputs and CERES TOA SWF as the output for training purposes. OMI-estimated TOA SWF from the trained neural networks reproduces independent CERES data with high fidelity. The global mean daily TOA SWF calculated from OMI is consistently within +/- 1aEuro-% of CERES throughout the year 2007. Application of our neural network method to other sensors that provide similar retrieved parameters, both past and future, can produce similar estimates TOA SWF. For example, the well-calibrated Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) series could provide estimates of TOA SWF dating back to late 1978. C1 [Gupta, Pawan] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gupta, Pawan; Joiner, Joanna; Vasilkov, Alexander; Bhartia, Pawan K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vasilkov, Alexander] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Gupta, P (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Gupta, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM pawan.gupta@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) issued through the Science Mission Directorate (SMD) for the Aura Science Team managed by Kenneth Jucks and Richard Eckman. We thank the CERES, OMI, MODIS, and GEOS-DAS data processing teams for providing the data used for this study. We would also like to thank Norman Loeb and Arlindo da Silva for useful discussion and comments during the preparation of the paper. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 2813 EP 2826 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2813-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VY UT WOS:000379417200004 ER PT J AU Xu, F Dubovik, O Zhai, PW Diner, DJ Kalashnikova, OV Seidel, FC Litvinov, P Bovchaliuk, A Garay, MJ van Harten, G Davis, AB AF Xu, Feng Dubovik, Oleg Zhai, Peng-Wang Diner, David J. Kalashnikova, Olga V. Seidel, Felix C. Litvinov, Pavel Bovchaliuk, Andrii Garay, Michael J. van Harten, Gerard Davis, Anthony B. TI Joint retrieval of aerosol and water-leaving radiance from multispectral, multiangular and polarimetric measurements over ocean SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID VECTOR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MARKOV-CHAIN FORMALISM; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; COLOR IMAGERY; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; POLARIZED-LIGHT; SOLAR-RADIATION; PHASE FUNCTION; TRANSFER MODEL AB An optimization approach has been developed for simultaneous retrieval of aerosol properties and normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw) from multispectral, multiangular, and polarimetric observations over ocean. The main features of the method are (1) use of a simplified bio-optical model to estimate nLw, followed by an empirical refinement within a specified range to improve its accuracy; (2) improved algorithm convergence and stability by applying constraints on the spatial smoothness of aerosol loading and Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration across neighboring image patches and spectral constraints on aerosol optical properties and nLw across relevant bands; and (3) enhanced Jacobian calculation by modeling and storing the radiative transfer (RT) in aerosol/Rayleigh mixed layer, pure Rayleigh-scattering layers, and ocean medium separately, then coupling them to calculate the field at the sensor. This approach avoids unnecessary and time-consuming recalculations of RT in unperturbed layers in Jacobian evaluations. The Markov chain method is used to model RT in the aerosol/Rayleigh mixed layer and the doubling method is used for the uniform layers of the atmosphere-ocean system. Our optimization approach has been tested using radiance and polarization measurements acquired by the Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (AirMSPI) over the AERONET USC_SeaPRISM ocean site (6 February 2013) and near the AERONET La Jolla site (14 January 2013), which, respectively, reported relatively high and low aerosol loadings. Validation of the results is achieved through comparisons to AERONET aerosol and ocean color products. For comparison, the USC_SeaPRISM retrieval is also performed by use of the Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties algorithm (Dubovik et al., 2011). Uncertainties of aerosol and nLw retrievals due to random and systematic instrument errors are analyzed by truth-in/truth-out tests with three Chl a concentrations, five aerosol loadings, three different types of aerosols, and nine combinations of solar incidence and viewing geometries. C1 [Xu, Feng; Diner, David J.; Kalashnikova, Olga V.; Seidel, Felix C.; Garay, Michael J.; van Harten, Gerard; Davis, Anthony B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dubovik, Oleg; Litvinov, Pavel; Bovchaliuk, Andrii] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, UMR8518, Opt Atmospher Lab, Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Zhai, Peng-Wang] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Xu, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM feng.xu@jpl.nasa.gov RI Xu, Feng/G-3673-2013 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors are grateful to Zia Ahmad at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for providing the information on aerosol models used in MODIS ocean color retrieval and Jianwei Wei at Optical Oceanography Laboratory of University of Massachusetts Boston for discussing the AERONET Ocean Color product of normalized water-leaving radiance. This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 114 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 2877 EP 2907 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2877-2016 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VY UT WOS:000379417200007 ER PT J AU Remsberg, E Harvey, VL AF Remsberg, Ellis Harvey, V. Lynn TI Effects of polar stratospheric clouds in the Nimbus 7 LIMS Version 6 data set SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID; INFRARED MONITOR; OZONE DEPLETION; VORTEX; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; BREAKING; MIPAS; HOLE AB The historic Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) measurements of 1978-1979 from the Nimbus 7 satellite were re-processed with Version 6 (V6) algorithms and archived in 2002. The V6 data set employs updated radiance registration methods, improved spectroscopic line parameters, and a common vertical resolution for all retrieved parameters. Retrieved profiles are spaced about every 1.6A degrees of latitude along orbits and include the additional parameter of geopotential height. Profiles of O-3 are sensitive to perturbations from emissions of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). This work presents results of implementing a first-order screening for effects of PSCs using simple algorithms based on vertical gradients of the O-3 mixing ratio. Their occurrences are compared with the co-located, retrieved temperatures and related to the temperature thresholds needed for saturation of H2O and/or HNO3 vapor onto PSC particles. Observed daily locations where the major PSC screening criteria are satisfied are validated against PSCs observed with the Stratospheric Aerosol Monitor (SAM) II experiment also on Nimbus 7. Remnants of emissions from PSCs are characterized for O-3 and HNO3 following the screening. PSCs may also impart a warm bias in the co-located LIMS temperatures, but by no more than 1-2aEuro-K at the altitudes of where effects of PSCs are a maximum in the ozone; thus, no PSC screening was applied to the V6 temperatures. Minimum temperatures vary between 187 and 194aEuro-K and often occur 1 to 2aEuro-km above where PSC effects are first identified in the ozone (most often between about 21 and 28aEuro-hPa). Those temperature-pressure values are consistent with conditions for the existence of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) mixtures and to a lesser extent of super-cooled ternary solution (STS) droplets. A local, temporary uptake of HNO3 vapor of order 1-3aEuro-ppbv is indicated during mid-January for the 550aEuro-K surface. Seven-month time series of the distributions of LIMS O-3 and HNO3 are shown based on their gridded Level 3 data following the PSC screening. Zonal coefficients of both species are essentially free of effects from PSCs on the 550aEuro-K surface, based on their average values along PV contours and in terms of equivalent latitude. Remnants of PSCs are still present in O-3 on the 450aEuro-K surface during mid-January. It is judged that the LIMS Level 3 data are of good quality for analyzing the larger-scale, stratospheric chemistry and transport processes during the Arctic winter of 1978-1979. C1 [Remsberg, Ellis] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Harvey, V. Lynn] Univ Colorado Boulder, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 3665 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Harvey, V. Lynn] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Remsberg, E (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov FU NASA LWS Grant [NNX14AH54G]; NSF CEDAR AGS grant [1343056] FX The authors (EER and VLH) are grateful to R. Earl Thompson and to John Burton, B. Thomas Marshall, Praful Bhatt, Mark Melbert, and Larry Gordley for testing the LIMS V6 cloud and PSC detection algorithms and for processing the Level 2 data set, respectively. Gretchen Lingenfelser generated the LIMS V6 Level 3 product that is archived at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GES DISC). The analyses herein were motivated by an inquiry to the LIMS Science Team in 1986 from Paul Crutzen, who was hoping to find instances of nitric acid uptake using the LIMS V5 data set. The authors acknowledge, Lamont Poole, who carried out some specific calculations with his thermodynamic equilibrium model, showing the likelihood of nitric acid uptake for the conditions of the 1978-1979 Arctic winter. We relied on his results as a check on the conclusions herein about nitric acid uptake onto NAT mixtures and STS droplets. The authors appreciate the constructive comments of referee, John Austin, and of the other two anonymous referees. VLH acknowledges support from NASA LWS Grant NNX14AH54G and NSF CEDAR AGS grant no. 1343056. EER carried out his work while serving as a Distinguished Research Associate within the Science Directorate at NASA Langley. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 2927 EP 2946 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2927-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VY UT WOS:000379417200009 ER PT J AU Kent, K Himes-Cornell, A AF Kent, Keeley Himes-Cornell, Amber TI Making Landfall: Linkages between Fishing Communities and Support Services SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; fishing communities; fishing industry; support services; well-being ID ECONOMIC-IMPACTS; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; RESILIENCE AB The relationship between the fishing industry and the fisheries-related support service sector creates economic benefits for communities through the strong linkages between fishermen and their land-based suppliers and the induced or multiplier effects from fisheries revenue. The support service sector is embedded within fishing communities where the impacts of fisheries management changes are perpetuated. This article examines the potential for such impacts by evaluating the diversity of fishing gear use, ex-vessel revenue, presence of processing plants, public moorage, and haul-out or tidal grids, and the number of vessels in a community, in relation to the availability of support services in communities in Alaska. The results show that the presence of a processor and haul-out facilities in a community significantly affects the number of support service businesses; however, there is not a strong association with the number of vessels or ex-vessel revenue. One hypothesis is that fishermen often travel to other communities to obtain services. We evaluate this hypothesis using social network analysis to evaluate transfers of revenue for fishery-related goods and services. Ultimately, this informs the exploration of the importance of support service businesses and fishery-support infrastructure to the continued well-being of fishing communities. C1 [Kent, Keeley] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Reg Off, Juneau, AK USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, European Inst Marine Sci IUEM, Plouzane, France. RP Himes-Cornell, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM amber.himes@noaa.gov FU Office of Science and Technology of the National Marine Fisheries Service FX Funding for this research came from the Office of Science and Technology of the National Marine Fisheries Service. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Marine Fisheries Service or the Universite de Bretagne Occidentale. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2016 VL 44 IS 4 BP 279 EP 294 DI 10.1080/08920753.2016.1135276 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ6YU UT WOS:000379354000001 ER PT J AU Petty, AA Tsamados, MC Kurtz, NT Farrell, SL Newman, T Harbeck, JP Feltham, DL Richter-Menge, JA AF Petty, Alek A. Tsamados, Michel C. Kurtz, Nathan T. Farrell, Sinead L. Newman, Thomas Harbeck, Jeremy P. Feltham, Daniel L. Richter-Menge, Jackie A. TI Characterizing Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution IceBridge data SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SNOW DEPTH; FORM DRAG; VARIABILITY; THICKNESS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; GREENLAND; STRESS; RIDGES AB We present an analysis of Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution, three-dimensional surface elevation data from the Airborne Topographic Mapper, flown as part of NASA's Operation IceBridge mission. Surface features in the sea ice cover are detected using a newly developed surface feature picking algorithm. We derive information regarding the height, volume and geometry of surface features from 2009 to 2014 within the Beaufort/Chukchi and Central Arctic regions. The results are delineated by ice type to estimate the topographic variability across first-year and multi-year ice regimes. The results demonstrate that Arctic sea ice topography exhibits significant spatial variability, mainly driven by the increased surface feature height and volume (per unit area) of the multi-year ice that dominates the Central Arctic region. The multi-year ice topography exhibits greater interannual variability compared to the first-year ice regimes, which dominates the total ice topography variability across both regions. The ice topography also shows a clear coastal dependency, with the feature height and volume increasing as a function of proximity to the nearest coastline, especially north of Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago. A strong correlation between ice topography and ice thickness (from the IceBridge sea ice product) is found, using a square-root relationship. The results allude to the importance of ice deformation variability in the total sea ice mass balance, and provide crucial information regarding the tail of the ice thickness distribution across the western Arctic. Future research priorities associated with this new data set are presented and discussed, especially in relation to calculations of atmospheric form drag. C1 [Petty, Alek A.; Farrell, Sinead L.; Newman, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Petty, Alek A.; Kurtz, Nathan T.; Farrell, Sinead L.; Harbeck, Jeremy P.] NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Tsamados, Michel C.] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, London, England. [Farrell, Sinead L.; Newman, Thomas] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Feltham, Daniel L.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, Reading, Berks, England. [Richter-Menge, Jackie A.] Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Petty, AA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Petty, AA (reprint author), NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM alek.a.petty@nasa.gov RI Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010; OI Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; Petty, Alek/0000-0003-0307-3216 FU NASA IceBridge Project Science Office, NASA [NNX13AK36G]; NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program FX This work was supported by the NASA IceBridge Project Science Office, NASA grant NNX13AK36G, and the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program. We acknowledge and sincerely appreciate the efforts of the various IceBridge team members who contributed to the collection, processing and archiving of the various data sets utilized in this study. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1161 EP 1179 DI 10.5194/tc-10-1161-2016 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DQ7VH UT WOS:000379415500014 ER PT J AU Seidel, FC Rittger, K Skiles, SM Molotch, NP Painter, TH AF Seidel, Felix C. Rittger, Karl Skiles, S. McKenzie Molotch, Noah P. Painter, Thomas H. TI Case study of spatial and temporal variability of snow cover, grain size, albedo and radiative forcing in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountain snowpack derived from imaging spectroscopy SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORBING IMPURITIES; SURFACE-AREA; ENERGY-BALANCE; MELTING SNOW; REFLECTANCE; MODEL; SPECTROMETER; PARTICLES; COLORADO; DENSITY AB Quantifying the spatial distribution and temporal change in mountain snow cover, microphysical and optical properties is important to improve our understanding of the local energy balance and the related snowmelt and hydrological processes. In this paper, we analyze changes of snow cover, optical-equivalent snow grain size (radius), snow albedo and radiative forcing by light-absorbing impurities in snow and ice (LAISI) with respect to terrain elevation and aspect at multiple dates during the snowmelt period. These snow properties are derived from the NASA/JPL Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data from 2009 in California's Sierra Nevada and from 2011 in Colorado's Rocky Mountains, USA. Our results show a linearly decreasing snow cover during the ablation period in May and June in the Rocky Mountains and a snowfall-driven change in snow cover in the Sierra Nevada between February and May. At the same time, the snow grain size is increasing primarily at higher elevations and north-facing slopes from 200 microns to 800 microns on average. We find that intense snowmelt renders the mean grain size almost invariant with respect to elevation and aspect. Our results confirm the inverse relationship between snow albedo and grain size, as well as between snow albedo and radiative forcing by LAISI. At both study sites, the mean snow albedo value decreases from approximately 0.7 to 0.5 during the ablation period. The mean snow grain size increased from approximately 150 to 650 microns. The mean radiative forcing increases from 20aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) up to 200aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) during the ablation period. The variability of snow albedo and grain size decreases in general with the progression of the ablation period. The spatial variability of the snow albedo and grain size decreases through the melt season while the spatial variability of radiative forcing remains constant. C1 [Seidel, Felix C.; Skiles, S. McKenzie; Molotch, Noah P.; Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Rittger, Karl] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Seidel, FC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM felix.c.seidel@gmail.com RI Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1229 EP 1244 DI 10.5194/tc-10-1229-2016 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DQ7VH UT WOS:000379415500019 ER PT J AU Alexander, PM Tedesco, M Schlegel, NJ Luthcke, SB Fettweis, X Larour, E AF Alexander, Patrick M. Tedesco, Marco Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne Luthcke, Scott B. Fettweis, Xavier Larour, Eric TI Greenland Ice Sheet seasonal and spatial mass variability from model simulations and GRACE (2003-2012) SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID TERMINATING OUTLET GLACIERS; TERRA-NOVA BAY; NORTHEAST GREENLAND; SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE; WEST GREENLAND; BALANCE; MELT; ACCELERATION; FLOW; ANTARCTICA AB Improving the ability of regional climate models (RCMs) and ice sheet models (ISMs) to simulate spatiotemporal variations in the mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is crucial for prediction of future sea level rise. While several studies have examined recent trends in GrIS mass loss, studies focusing on mass variations at sub-annual and sub-basin-wide scales are still lacking. At these scales, processes responsible for mass change are less well understood and modeled, and could potentially play an important role in future GrIS mass change. Here, we examine spatiotemporal variations in mass over the GrIS derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites for the January 2003-December 2012 period using a 'mascon' approach, with a nominal spatial resolution of 100-km, and a temporal resolution of 10 days. We compare GRACE-estimated mass variations against those simulated by the ModSle Atmosph,rique R,gionale (MAR) RCM and the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM). In order to properly compare spatial and temporal variations in GrIS mass from GRACE with model outputs, we find it necessary to spatially and temporally filter model results to reproduce leakage of mass inherent in the GRACE solution. Both modeled and satellite-derived results point to a decline (of -178.9-+/--4.4 and -239.4-+/--7.7-Gt-yr(-1) respectively) in GrIS mass over the period examined, but the models appear to underestimate the rate of mass loss, especially in areas below 2000-m in elevation, where the majority of recent GrIS mass loss is occurring. On an ice-sheet-wide scale, the timing of the modeled seasonal cycle of cumulative mass (driven by summer mass loss) agrees with the GRACE-derived seasonal cycle, within limits of uncertainty from the GRACE solution. However, on sub-ice-sheet-wide scales, some areas exhibit significant differences in the timing of peaks in the annual cycle of mass change. At these scales, model biases, or processes not accounted for by models related to ice dynamics or hydrology, may lead to the observed differences. This highlights the need for further evaluation of modeled processes at regional and seasonal scales, and further study of ice sheet processes not accounted for, such as the role of subglacial hydrology in variations in glacial flow. C1 [Alexander, Patrick M.; Tedesco, Marco] CUNY, Grad Ctr, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Alexander, Patrick M.; Tedesco, Marco] CUNY City Coll, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Alexander, Patrick M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tedesco, Marco] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne; Larour, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 300-227, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Luthcke, Scott B.] NASA, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fettweis, Xavier] Univ Liege, Dept Geog, Lab Climatol, 2 Alle 6 Aout, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. RP Alexander, PM (reprint author), CUNY, Grad Ctr, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA.; Alexander, PM (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA.; Alexander, PM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM patrick.m.alexander@nasa.gov OI Fettweis, Xavier/0000-0002-4140-3813 FU NSF grant PLR [0909388] FX P. M. Alexander and M. Tedesco were supported by NSF grant PLR no. 0909388. Work of N.-J. Schlegel and E. Larour was performed at the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cryosphere Program. The authors would like to thank Rajashree Datta, Erik Noble, and Erik Orantes of the Cryospheric Processes Laboratory, two anonymous reviewers, and the editor of this manuscript for valuable comments and suggestions. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1259 EP 1277 DI 10.5194/tc-10-1259-2016 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DQ7VH UT WOS:000379415500021 ER PT J AU Dow, CF Werder, MA Nowicki, S Walker, RT AF Dow, Christine F. Werder, Mauro A. Nowicki, Sophie Walker, Ryan T. TI Modeling Antarctic subglacial lake filling and drainage cycles SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID RECOVERY ICE STREAM; WEST ANTARCTICA; EAST ANTARCTICA; SEASONAL-CHANGES; OUTLET GLACIER; SYSTEM; SHEET; FLOW; SURFACE; MELT AB The growth and drainage of active subglacial lakes in Antarctica has previously been inferred from analysis of ice surface altimetry data. We use a subglacial hydrology model applied to a synthetic Antarctic ice stream to examine internal controls on the filling and drainage of subglacial lakes. Our model outputs suggest that the highly constricted subglacial environment of our idealized ice stream, combined with relatively high rates of water flow funneled from a large catchment, can combine to create a system exhibiting slow-moving pressure waves. Over a period of years, the accumulation of water in the ice stream onset region results in a buildup of pressure creating temporary channels, which then evacuate the excess water. This increased flux of water beneath the ice stream drives lake growth. As the water body builds up, it steepens the hydraulic gradient out of the overdeepened lake basin and allows greater flux. Eventually this flux is large enough to melt channels that cause the lake to drain. Lake drainage also depends on the internal hydrological development in the wider system and therefore does not directly correspond to a particular water volume or depth. This creates a highly temporally and spatially variable system, which is of interest for assessing the importance of subglacial lakes in ice stream hydrology and dynamics. C1 [Dow, Christine F.; Nowicki, Sophie; Walker, Ryan T.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Werder, Mauro A.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Hydraul Hydrol & Glaciol VAW, Zurich, Switzerland. [Walker, Ryan T.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dow, Christine F.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada. RP Dow, CF (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Dow, CF (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada. EM christine.dow@uwaterloo.ca FU NASA Postdoctoral Program fellowship at the Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA [NNX12AD03A]; NASA Cryosphere Program FX Christine F. Dow was supported with a NASA Postdoctoral Program fellowship at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Ryan T. Walker was funded by NASA grant NNX12AD03A. Sophie Nowicki acknowledges the support of the NASA Cryosphere Program. We thank Martin Sharp and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable input. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2016 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1381 EP 1393 DI 10.5194/tc-10-1381-2016 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DQ7XV UT WOS:000379422700002 ER PT J AU Howell, SEL Laliberte, F Kwok, R Derksen, C King, J AF Howell, Stephen E. L. Laliberte, Frederic Kwok, Ron Derksen, Chris King, Joshua TI Landfast ice thickness in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from observations and models SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; SNOW DEPTH; VARIABILITY AB Observed and modelled landfast ice thickness variability and trends spanning more than 5 decades within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) are summarized. The observed sites (Cambridge Bay, Resolute, Eureka and Alert) represent some of the Arctic's longest records of landfast ice thickness. Observed end-of-winter (maximum) trends of landfast ice thickness (1957-2014) were statistically significant at Cambridge Bay (-4.31 +/- 1.4 cm decade(-1)), Eureka (-4.65 +/- 1.7 cm decade(-1)) and Alert (-4.44aEuro- +/- 1.6aEuro-cm (-1)) but not at Resolute. Over the 50+-year record, the ice thinned by similar to 0.24-0.26 m at Cambridge Bay, Eureka and Alert with essentially negligible change at Resolute. Although statistically significant warming in spring and fall was present at all sites, only low correlations between temperature and maximum ice thickness were present; snow depth was found to be more strongly associated with the negative ice thickness trends. Comparison with multi-model simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5), Ocean Reanalysis Intercomparison (ORA-IP) and Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) show that although a subset of current generation models have a 'reasonable' climatological representation of landfast ice thickness and distribution within the CAA, trends are unrealistic and far exceed observations by up to 2 orders of magnitude. ORA-IP models were found to have positive correlations between temperature and ice thickness over the CAA, a feature that is inconsistent with both observations and coupled models from CMIP5. C1 [Howell, Stephen E. L.; Laliberte, Frederic; Derksen, Chris; King, Joshua] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kwok, Ron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Howell, SEL (reprint author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM stephen.howell@canada.ca OI Kwok, Ronald/0000-0003-4051-5896 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2016 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1463 EP 1475 DI 10.5194/tc-10-1463-2016 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DQ7XV UT WOS:000379422700008 ER PT J AU Wind, G da Silva, AM Norris, PM Platnick, S Mattoo, S Levy, RC AF Wind, Galina da Silva, Arlindo M. Norris, Peter M. Platnick, Steven Mattoo, Shana Levy, Robert C. TI Multi-sensor cloud and aerosol retrieval simulator and remote sensing from model parameters - Part 2: Aerosols SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MODIS; PRODUCTS; ALGORITHM; VALIDATION; THICKNESS; SYSTEM; TERRA; LAND; SUN AB The Multi-sensor Cloud Retrieval Simulator (MCRS) produces a "simulated radiance" product from any high-resolution general circulation model with interactive aerosol as if a specific sensor such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were viewing a combination of the atmospheric column and land-ocean surface at a specific location. Previously the MCRS code only included contributions from atmosphere and clouds in its radiance calculations and did not incorporate properties of aerosols. In this paper we added a new aerosol properties module to the MCRS code that allows users to insert a mixture of up to 15 different aerosol species in any of 36 vertical layers. This new MCRS code is now known as MCARS (Multi-sensor Cloud and Aerosol Retrieval Simulator). Inclusion of an aerosol module into MCARS not only allows for extensive, tightly controlled testing of various aspects of satellite operational cloud and aerosol properties retrieval algorithms, but also provides a platform for comparing cloud and aerosol models against satellite measurements. This kind of two-way platform can improve the efficacy of model parameterizations of measured satellite radiances, allowing the assessment of model skill consistently with the retrieval algorithm. The MCARS code provides dynamic controls for appearance of cloud and aerosol layers. Thereby detailed quantitative studies of the impacts of various atmospheric components can be controlled. In this paper we illustrate the operation of MCARS by deriving simulated radiances from various data field output by the Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) model. The model aerosol fields are prepared for translation to simulated radiance using the same model subgrid variability parameterizations as are used for cloud and atmospheric properties profiles, namely the ICA technique. After MCARS computes modeled sensor radiances equivalent to their observed counterparts, these radiances are presented as input to operational remote-sensing algorithms. Specifically, the MCARS-computed radiances are input into the processing chain used to produce the MODIS Data Collection 6 aerosol product (M{O/Y}D04). The M{O/Y}D04 product is of course normally produced from M{O/Y}D021KM MODIS Level-1B radiance product directly acquired by the MODIS instrument. MCARS matches the format and metadata of a M{O/Y}D021KM product. The resulting MCARS output can be directly provided to MODAPS (MODIS Adaptive Processing System) as input to various operational atmospheric retrieval algorithms. Thus the operational algorithms can be tested directly without needing to make any software changes to accommodate an alternative input source. We show direct application of this synthetic product in analysis of the performance of the MOD04 operational algorithm. We use biomass-burning case studies over Amazonia employed in a recent Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE)-sponsored study of aerosol impacts on numerical weather prediction (Freitas et al., 2015). We demonstrate that a known low bias in retrieved MODIS aerosol optical depth appears to be due to a disconnect between actual column relative humidity and the value assumed by the MODIS aerosol product. C1 [Wind, Galina; da Silva, Arlindo M.; Norris, Peter M.; Platnick, Steven; Mattoo, Shana; Levy, Robert C.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wind, Galina; Mattoo, Shana] SSAI Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Norris, Peter M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, 7178 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Wind, G (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Wind, G (reprint author), SSAI Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM gala.wind@nasa.gov RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Norris, Peter/H-2008-2012; Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013 OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Norris, Peter/0000-0001-6807-9884; Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303 FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center FX The authors would like to thank Leigh Munchak of the MODIS Aerosol Group for providing Fig. 3 and Peter Colarco of the Goddard Modeling and Assimilation Office for providing us with Fig. 9. The authors would like to thank Brad Wind for the initial idea for creating a simulator, the output of which could be transparently used with remote-sensing retrieval codes. This research was supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 2377 EP 2389 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-2377-2016 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DQ7ZE UT WOS:000379427500006 ER PT S AU Kumar, R Ball, T Lichtenberg, J Deisinger, N Upreti, A Bansal, C AF Kumar, Rahul Ball, Thomas Lichtenberg, Jakob Deisinger, Nate Upreti, Apoorv Bansal, Chetan BE Abraham, E Huisman, M TI CloudSDV Enabling Static Driver Verifier Using Microsoft Azure SO INTEGRATED FORMAL METHODS (IFM 2016) SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods (iFM) CY JUN 01-05, 2016 CL Reykjavik Univ, Reykjavik, ICELAND HO Reykjavik Univ DE Cloud; Verification; Azure; Static analysis; Performance; Parallel; SDV; Scalability AB In this paper we describe our experience of enabling Static Driver Verifier to use the Microsoft Azure cloud computing platform. We first describe in detail our architecture and methodology for enabling SDV to operate in the Microsoft Azure cloud. We then present our results of using CloudSDV on single drivers and driver suites using various configurations of the cloud relative to a local machine. Our experiments show that using the cloud, we are able to achieve speedups in excess of 20x, which has enabled us to perform mass scale verification in a matter of hours as opposed to days. Finally, we present a brief discussion about our results and experiences. C1 [Kumar, Rahul] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ball, Thomas; Lichtenberg, Jakob; Deisinger, Nate; Bansal, Chetan] Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Upreti, Apoorv] Facebook, London, England. RP Kumar, R (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM rahulskumar@gmail.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-33693-0; 978-3-319-33692-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9681 BP 523 EP 536 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-33693-0_33 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF0PZ UT WOS:000379291800033 ER PT J AU Aller, J Ellingwood, K Jacobson, N Gannon, P AF Aller, Josh Ellingwood, Kevin Jacobson, Nathan Gannon, Paul TI High Temperature Chlorosilane Corrosion of AISI 316L SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HYDROGEN-CHLORIDE GAS; SILICON TETRACHLORIDE; MIXTURES; IRON; OXYGEN; SILICIDES; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; CHROMIUM AB Chlorosilanes are used at high temperatures throughout the world's semiconductor industries primarily as a way to refine and deposit silicon and silicon containing materials. They are most prevalent in the manufacture of solar grade polycrystalline silicon; an industry that has historically used high cost alloys to effectively handle corrosive chlorosilane species. This study focused on understanding the corrosion behaviors of AISI 316L stainless steel, a low cost alloy, in chlorosilane environments at a variety of industrially-relevant times (0-200 hours), temperatures (500-700 degrees C), and hydrogen chloride (HCl) mole fractions (0.0-0.06). It was observed that AISI 316L can form either predominately metal chloride or metal silicide corrosion products depending on the mole fraction of HCl. Increasing temperatures tend to favor metal silicide formation, a trend predicted by thermodynamically generated predominance diagrams. Additionally, metal silicide surface layer growth appears to be diffusion controlled with an apparent parabolic rate at long times and high temperatures. There is also evidence for reaction-limited iron silicide formation at lower temperatures. Improved understanding of metals in high-temperature chlorosilane environments will help guide materials selection processes, and ultimately facilitate cost-competitive deployment of silicon-based photovoltaic systems. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. C1 [Aller, Josh] Montana State Univ, Mech & Ind Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Ellingwood, Kevin; Gannon, Paul] Montana State Univ, Chem & Biol Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Jacobson, Nathan] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Aller, J (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Mech & Ind Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM josh.aller@yahoo.com FU GT Advanced Technologies; Montana State University College of Engineering FX We would like to graciously acknowledge GT Advanced Technologies for providing funding and industrial guidance on this project. Additionally, Montana State University College of Engineering provided secondary funding of this project. Finally, we would like to acknowledge Montana State University's Imaging and Chemical Analysis Laboratory (ICAL) for their assistance with surface analysis. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 8 BP C452 EP C458 DI 10.1149/2.0751608jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA DR1TO UT WOS:000379688000062 ER PT J AU Yasumiishi, EM Farley, EV Ruggerone, GT Agler, BA Wilson, LI AF Yasumiishi, Ellen M. Farley, Ed V. Ruggerone, Gregory T. Agler, Beverly A. Wilson, Lorna I. TI Trends and Factors Influencing the Length, Compensatory Growth, and Size-Selective Mortality of Juvenile Bristol Bay, Alaska, Sockeye Salmon at Sea SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; EARLY MARINE GROWTH; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PINK SALMON; PERIOD HYPOTHESIS; OCEANIC REGIMES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COHO SALMON; SURVIVAL; ABUNDANCE AB The productivity of Bristol Bay, Alaska, Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka increased during the mid-1970s. This increase is believed to be partially due to an increase in early marine growth associated with the 1976-1977 cool-to-warm shift in summer sea surface temperature (SST). The body size of juvenile salmon during their first year at sea is believed to regulate their ability to survive over winter. The back-calculated smolt length, first-year ocean growth, and total juvenile length of Sockeye Salmon from five Bristol Bay river systems (Egegik, Kvichak, Naknek, Ugashik, and Wood) and two smolt ages were used to examine trends and factors influencing total juvenile length, compensatory growth, and size-selective mortality in the first year in the ocean from 1962 to 2007. Juvenile length increased in relation to summer sea temperature, the 1977-2001 and 2002-2007 warm temperature regimes, smolt length, and compensatory growth. Compensatory growth-an inverse relationship between first-year ocean growth and smolt size-increased over time as well as after the 1976-1977 climate regime shift, was more common in age-1.0 fish than in age-2.0 juveniles, and was important in determining the length of juvenile Sockeye Salmon from the Wood River (the shorter fish among rivers and smolt ages). The coefficient of variation in length did not change with SST, suggesting that size-selective mortality occurred prior to the end of the first year at sea for all 10 fish groups. The predictor variables that were significant in the models varied among river systems and smolt ages. This study demonstrated that the frequency of compensatory growth and the total lengths of juvenile Sockeye Salmon during their first year at sea increased with summer SST (range, 7.5-10.5 degrees C) in the eastern Bering Sea, a possible mechanism for the increased productivity of Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon associated with warmer sea temperatures. C1 [Yasumiishi, Ellen M.; Farley, Ed V.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Ruggerone, Gregory T.] Nat Resources Consultants Inc, 4039 21st Ave West,Suite 404, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Agler, Beverly A.; Wilson, Lorna I.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Mark Tag & Age Lab, 10107 Bentwood Pl, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Yasumiishi, EM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ellen.yasumiishi@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [1111] FX This research was supported by North Pacific Research Board grant 1111 (manuscript 584). We thank Chuck Brazil and Fred West at the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for providing harvest, escapement, and age data for Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their time and effort in reviewing this manuscript. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of Commerce, or the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 315 EP 333 DI 10.1080/19425120.2016.1167793 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DR2YQ UT WOS:000379770200023 ER PT B AU Gupta, KK Lung, SF Ibrahim, AH AF Gupta, K. K. Lung, S. F. Ibrahim, A. H. GP ASME TI NUMERICAL CFD SIMULATION AND TEST CORRELATION IN A FLIGHT PROJECT ENVIRONMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2015) CY NOV 13-19, 2015 CL Houston, TX SP ASME AB This paper presents detailed description of a novel CFD procedure and comparison of its solution results to that obtained by other available CFD codes as well as actual flight and wind tunnel test data pertaining to the GIII aircraft, currently undergoing flight testing at AFRC. C1 [Gupta, K. K.] NASA, Armstrong Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA USA. [Lung, S. F.] Jacobs Technol, Edwards AFB, CA USA. [Ibrahim, A. H.] Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Gupta, KK (reprint author), NASA, Armstrong Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5734-2 PY 2016 AR V001T01A008 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0WO UT WOS:000379702800008 ER PT B AU Sharma, A Melancon, J Bailey, S Zivanovic, S AF Sharma, Ashish Melancon, Justin Bailey, Sheila Zivanovic, Sandra GP ASME TI NOVEL USE OF SEMICONDUCTIVE CONJUGATED POLYMER WITH OPTIMIZED SCINTILLATOR FOR BETAVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2015) CY NOV 13-19, 2015 CL Houston, TX SP ASME ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION AB The ongoing advanced space exploration requires the novel energy sources that can generate power for extreme duration without need of refill. The long duration betavoltaic devices are presented using conjugated polymer with scintilla tors. The Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the interaction of electron beam with two different scintillators, Cerium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Ce:YAG) and Thallium doped Cesium Iodide (CsI:Tl). The catholuminescence profiles from simulation showed that CsI:Tl is more-efficient to generate photons when hit by electron beam compared to Ce:YAG. The semiconductive conjugated polymer device stack of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:ICBA/Al are then fabricated and tested with Ce:YAG and CsI:Tl scintillators under different electron beam energies. The electrical current is successfully extracted from these betavoltaic devices when illuminated with electron beams. As expected, the betavoltaic devices with CsI:Tl scintillator performed better compared with Ce:YAG. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.24% is obtained at 10 kV electron beam with CsI:Tl, while PCE in device with Ce:YAG is 0.16%. The short circuit current in devices with CsI:Tl is about 57%, greater than in devices with Ce:YAG. The experimental result showed that output electrical power increased with increase in incident electron beam energy. C1 [Sharma, Ashish; Melancon, Justin; Zivanovic, Sandra] Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Bailey, Sheila] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Zivanovic, S (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM sz@latech.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5744-1 PY 2016 AR V06BT07A041 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0WU UT WOS:000379703400041 ER PT B AU Poe, NMW Walters, DK Luke, EA Morris, CI AF Poe, Nicole M. W. Walters, D. Keith Luke, Edward A. Morris, Christopher I. GP ASME TI A Low-Dissipation Second-Order Upwind Flux Formulation for Simulation of Complex Turbulent Flows SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2015) CY NOV 13-19, 2015 CL Houston, TX SP ASME ID INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; SCHEMES; RESOLUTION; EQUATIONS; ACCURATE; MODELS AB A numerical method is presented for low-dissipation, high resolution finite-volume CFD simulations of turbulent flow. The convective fluxes in the governing equations are computed using a conventional upwind-biased second order scheme, with a modified linear reconstruction of face states from neighboring cells. The new scheme, dubbed optimization-based gradient reconstruction (OGRE), incorporates two key enhancements to improve performance. The first is an iterative least-square gradient computation procedure which minimizes the second order dissipative error contribution to the face reconstruction on structured Cartesian meshes. The second is a slope limiting scheme which enforces local monotonicity near discontinuities without the detrimental effect of limiting in smooth regions of the flowfield. In addition, for density-based methods employing flux-difference splitting for the convective teens, a recently proposed weighted-average for obtaining the reconstructed face variable values is used, which improves accuracy in subsonic flow regions and eliminates the need for preconditioning. The new method has been implemented into the Ansys FLUENT and Loci-CHEM flow solvers, and is validated for several test cases by comparison to a conventional linear reconstruction implementation. Results clearly show the advantage of the new scheme over conventional upwind-biased second order schemes in terms of accuracy, particularly with regard to LES/DNS simulation. The most significant improvement is obtained for Cartesian meshes and low Mach number flows, but all test cases showed some level of improvement using the new scheme. The method is also quantified in terms of increased computational cost versus traditional methods. Based on results shown here, the method appears to represent a viable alternative to currently used centered and blended schemes in terms of accuracy, robustness, and computational expense. C1 [Poe, Nicole M. W.; Walters, D. Keith; Luke, Edward A.] Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Morris, Christopher I.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Poe, NMW (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5746-5 PY 2016 AR V07AT09A029 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0WT UT WOS:000379703300029 ER PT B AU Tucker, CJ AF Tucker, Compton J. BE Thenkabail, PS TI Foreword: Satellite Remote Sensing Beyond 2015 SO REMOTELY SENSED DATA CHARACTERIZATION, CLASSIFICATION, AND ACCURACIES SE Remote Sensing Handbook LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Tucker, Compton J.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Div Earth Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Tucker, CJ (reprint author), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Div Earth Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-1787-2; 978-1-4822-1786-5 J9 REMOTE SENS HBK PY 2016 VL 1 BP XI EP XV PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BE8ZW UT WOS:000377171900001 ER PT B AU Teillet, PM Chander, G AF Teillet, Philippe M. Chander, Gyanesh BE Thenkabail, PS TI Postlaunch Radiometric Calibration of Satellite-Based Optical Sensors with Emphasis on Terrestrial Reference Standard Sites SO REMOTELY SENSED DATA CHARACTERIZATION, CLASSIFICATION, AND ACCURACIES SE Remote Sensing Handbook LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LANDSAT-5 THEMATIC MAPPER; NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; IN-FLIGHT CALIBRATION; RAILROAD VALLEY PLAYA; SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OBSERVATIONS; REFLECTIVE SPECTRAL-DOMAIN; EARTH OBSERVATION SENSORS; THERMAL BAND CALIBRATION; AVHRR SHORTWAVE CHANNELS C1 [Teillet, Philippe M.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Chander, Gyanesh] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Data Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Teillet, PM (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. NR 301 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-1787-2; 978-1-4822-1786-5 J9 REMOTE SENS HBK PY 2016 VL 1 BP 109 EP 131 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BE8ZW UT WOS:000377171900009 ER PT B AU Myint, SW Mesev, V Quattrochi, DA Wentz, EA AF Myint, Soe W. Mesev, Victor Quattrochi, Dale A. Wentz, Elizabeth A. BE Thenkabail, PS TI Urban Image Classification: Per-Pixel Classifiers, Subpixel Analysis, Object-Based Image Analysis, and Geospatial Methods SO REMOTELY SENSED DATA CHARACTERIZATION, CLASSIFICATION, AND ACCURACIES SE Remote Sensing Handbook LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD CLASSIFICATION; REMOTELY-SENSED IMAGES; EXPERT-SYSTEM RULES; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; ORIENTED APPROACH; SCENE MODELS; TEXTURE; VEGETATION C1 [Myint, Soe W.; Wentz, Elizabeth A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Mesev, Victor] Florida State Univ, Dept Geog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Quattrochi, Dale A.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Myint, SW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-1787-2; 978-1-4822-1786-5 J9 REMOTE SENS HBK PY 2016 VL 1 BP 219 EP 230 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BE8ZW UT WOS:000377171900017 ER PT B AU Tilton, JC Aksoy, S Tarabalka, Y AF Tilton, James C. Aksoy, Selim Tarabalka, Yuliya BE Thenkabail, PS TI Image Segmentation Algorithms for Land Categorization SO REMOTELY SENSED DATA CHARACTERIZATION, CLASSIFICATION, AND ACCURACIES SE Remote Sensing Handbook LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES; MORPHOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; MERGE; OPTIMIZATION; INFORMATION; DELINEATION; WATERSHEDS; NETWORKS C1 [Tilton, James C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Aksoy, Selim] Bilkent Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Ankara, Turkey. [Tarabalka, Yuliya] Sophia Antipolis Mediterranee, Sophia Antipolis, France. RP Tilton, JC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 121 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-1787-2; 978-1-4822-1786-5 J9 REMOTE SENS HBK PY 2016 VL 1 BP 317 EP 342 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BE8ZW UT WOS:000377171900023 ER PT J AU Schumann, GJP Andreadis, KM AF Schumann, Guy J. -P. Andreadis, Konstantinos M. TI A Method to Assess Localized Impact of Better Floodplain Topography on Flood Risk Prediction SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID KALMAN FILTER; SCALE; MODEL AB Many studies have highlighted the need for a higher accuracy global digital elevation model (DEM), mainly in river floodplains and deltas and along coastlines. In this paper, we present a method to infer the impact of a better DEM on applications and science using the Lower Zambezi basin as a use case. We propose an analysis based on a targeted observation algorithm to evaluate potential data acquisition subregions in terms of their impact on the prediction of flood risk over the entire study area. Consequently, it becomes trivial to rank these subregions in terms of their contribution to the overall accuracy of flood prediction. The improvement from better topography data may be expressed in terms of economic output and population affected, providing a multifaceted assessment of the value of acquiring better elevation data. Our results highlight the notion that having higher resolution measurements would improve our current large-scale flood inundation prediction capabilities in the Lower Zambezi by at least 30% and significantly reduce the number of people affected as well as the economic loss associated with high magnitude flooding. We believe this procedure to be simple enough to be applied to other regions where high quality topographic and hydrodynamic data are currently unavailable. C1 [Schumann, Guy J. -P.] Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA. [Schumann, Guy J. -P.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Andreadis, Konstantinos M.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Schumann, GJP (reprint author), Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA.; Schumann, GJP (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. EM gjpschumann@gmail.com FU NASA THP grant [13-THP13-0042] FX G. J.-P. Schumann and K. M. Andreadis' time was supported by a NASA THP grant (13-THP13-0042). Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2016 AR 6408319 DI 10.1155/2016/6408319 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ2TV UT WOS:000379056900001 ER PT J AU De Luca, M Abbondati, F Yager, TJ Dell'Acqua, G AF De Luca, Mario Abbondati, Francesco Yager, Thomas J. Dell'Acqua, Gianluca TI FIELD MEASUREMENTS ON RUNWAY FRICTION DECAY RELATED TO RUBBER DEPOSITS SO TRANSPORT LA English DT Article DE airport; runway; rubber deposits; friction; decay curve; grip number; airport pavement management system AB Surfaces of airport pavements are subject to contamination that can be very dangerous for the movement of aircraft particularly on the runway. A recurrent problem is represented by the deposits of vulcanized rubber of aircraft tires in the touchdown area during landings and lesser during take-offs. This causes a loss of grip that compromises the safety of aircraft movements in take-off and landing operations. This study deals with the surface characteristics decay phenomenon related to contamination from rubber deposits. The experiment was conducted by correlating the pavement surface characteristics, as detected by Grip Tester, to air traffic before and after de-rubberizing operation and two models were constructed for the assessment of functional capacity of the runway before and after the operations de-rubberizing. C1 [De Luca, Mario; Abbondati, Francesco; Dell'Acqua, Gianluca] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Naples, Italy. [Yager, Thomas J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Abbondati, F (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Naples, Italy. EM francesco.abbondati@unina.it NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 3 PU VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECH UNIV PI VILNIUS PA SAULETEKIO AL 11, VILNIUS, LT-10223, LITHUANIA SN 1648-4142 EI 1648-3480 J9 TRANSPORT-VILNIUS JI Transport PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 SI SI BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.3846/16484142.2016.1192062 PG 6 WC Transportation Science & Technology SC Transportation GA DQ0UJ UT WOS:000378916500007 ER PT J AU Cavitte, MGP Blankenship, DD Young, DA Schroeder, DM Parrenin, F Lemeur, E Macgregor, JA Siegert, MJ AF Cavitte, Marie G. P. Blankenship, Donald D. Young, Duncan A. Schroeder, Dustin M. Parrenin, Frederic Lemeur, Emmanuel Macgregor, Joseph A. Siegert, Martin J. TI Deep radiostratigraphy of the East Antarctic plateau: connecting the Dome C and Vostok ice core sites SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE airborne electromagnetic soundings; ice chronology/dating; radio-echo sounding ID RADAR-SOUNDING DATA; POLAR ICE; UNCONFORMABLE STRATIGRAPHY; CHRONOLOGY AICC2012; SHEET; CLIMATE; ACCUMULATION; STATION; COSETS; LAYERS AB Several airborne radar-sounding surveys are used to trace internal reflections around the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C and Vostok ice core sites. Thirteen reflections, spanning the last two glacial cycles, are traced within 200 km of Dome C, a promising region for million-year-old ice, using the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics High-Capacity Radar Sounder. This provides a dated stratigraphy to 2318 m depth at Dome C. Reflection age uncertainties are calculated from the radar range precision and signal-to-noise ratio of the internal reflections. The radar stratigraphy matches well with the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) radar stratigraphy obtained independently. We show that radar sounding enables the extension of ice core ages through the ice sheet with an additional radar-related age uncertainty of similar to 1/3-1/2 that of the ice cores. Reflections are extended along the Byrd-Totten Glacier divide, using University of Texas/Technical University of Denmark and MCoRDS surveys. However, core-to-core connection is impeded by pervasive aeolian terranes, and Lake Vostok's influence on reflection geometry. Poor radar connection of the two ice cores is attributed to these effects and suboptimal survey design in affected areas. We demonstrate that, while ice sheet internal radar reflections are generally isochronal and can be mapped over large distances, careful survey planning is necessary to extend ice core chronologies to distant regions of the East Antarctic ice sheet. C1 [Cavitte, Marie G. P.; Blankenship, Donald D.; Young, Duncan A.; Macgregor, Joseph A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Schroeder, Dustin M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Parrenin, Frederic; Lemeur, Emmanuel] UJF Grenoble I, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, BP 96, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Siegert, Martin J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Grantham Inst, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Siegert, Martin J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Schroeder, Dustin M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Macgregor, Joseph A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cavitte, MGP (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM mcavitte@ig.utexas.edu RI Siegert, Martin/A-3826-2008; Young, Duncan/G-6256-2010 OI Siegert, Martin/0000-0002-0090-4806; Young, Duncan/0000-0002-6866-8176 FU NSF [ANT-0733025, ARC-0941678, ANT-0424589]; NASA [NNX08AN68G, NNX09AR52G, NNX11AD33G]; Jackson School of Geosciences; G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation; NERC [NE/D003733/1]; Global Innovation Initiative award from British Council; NASA Operation IceBridge grant [NNX13AD53A]; NASA; French ANR Dome A project [ANR-07-BLAN-0125] FX This work was supported by NSF grants ANT-0733025 and ARC-0941678, NASA grants NNX08AN68G, NNX09AR52G, and NNX11AD33G (Operation Ice Bridge) to Texas, the Jackson School of Geosciences, the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation, NERC grant NE/D003733/1 and the Global Innovation Initiative award from the British Council. We acknowledge the use of data products from CReSIS generated with support from NSF grant ANT-0424589 and NASA Operation IceBridge grant NNX13AD53A. A portion of this work was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the NASA. Operational support was provided by the U. S. Antarctic Program and by the Institut Polaire Francais Paul Emile Victor (IPEV) and the Italian Antarctic Program (PNRA and ENEA). We thank the staff of Concordia Station and the Kenn Borek Air flight crew. Additional support was provided by the French ANR Dome A project (ANR-07-BLAN-0125). Finally, we thank the Scientific Editor and anonymous referees for constructive reviews. We thank Justin Hiester for his editorial help. This is UTIG contribution 2915. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2016 VL 62 IS 232 BP 323 EP 334 DI 10.1017/jog.2016.11 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DP9OG UT WOS:000378825100009 ER PT J AU Chan, HL Pan, ML AF Chan, Hing Ling Pan, Minling TI Spillover Effects of Environmental Regulation for Sea Turtle Protection in the Hawaii Longline Swordfish Fishery SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Hawaii swordfish longline fishery; spillover effect; turtle bycatch ID INDIVIDUAL VESSEL QUOTAS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; CARETTA-CARETTA; FISHING PRESSURE; MARINE RESERVES; BYCATCH; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; LEAKAGE; POLICY AB This study examines spillover effects resulting from US fishing regulations instituted to protect sea turtles. Sea turtles, along with US and foreign fisheries for swordfish co-occur on the high seas in the North and Central Pacific and that allows for "spillover effects." When one fishery is required to curtail fishing activity to reduce incidental fishing mortality on sea turtle populations, the activity of other, unregulated fleets may change in ways that adversely affect the very species intended for protection. This study provides an empirical model that estimates these "spillover effects" on sea turtle bycatch resulting from production displacement between regulated US and less-regulated non-US fleets in the North and Central Pacific Ocean. The study demonstrates strong spillover effects, resulting in more sea turtle interaction due to increased foreign fleet activity when Hawaii swordfish production declines. C1 [Chan, Hing Ling] Univ Hawaii, JIMAR, NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA IRC,NMFS PIFSC ESD Socioecon, 1845 Wasp Blvd.,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Pan, Minling] NOAA IRC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS PIFSC ESD Socioecon, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Chan, HL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, JIMAR, NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA IRC,NMFS PIFSC ESD Socioecon, 1845 Wasp Blvd.,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM hingling.chan@noaa.gov; minling.pan@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA11NMF4320128] FX Funding for this study was provided to the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) via National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), grant number NA11NMF4320128. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2016 VL 31 IS 3 BP 259 EP 279 DI 10.1086/686672 PG 21 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA DP6BI UT WOS:000378581500001 ER PT J AU Massie, ST Delano, J Bardeen, CG Jiang, JH Huang, L AF Massie, Steven T. Delano, Julien Bardeen, Charles G. Jiang, Jonathan H. Huang, Lei TI Changes in the shape of cloud ice water content vertical structure due to aerosol variations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; A-TRAIN; INVIGORATION; PRODUCTS; PRECIPITATION; IMPACTS; MISSION; OCEAN; MODIS AB Changes in the shape of cloud ice water content (IWC) vertical structure due to variations in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depths (AODs), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) absorptive aerosol optical depths (AAODs), and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) CO (an absorptive aerosol proxy) at 215aEuro-hPa are calculated in the Tropics during 2007-2010 based upon an analysis of DARDAR IWC profiles for deep convective clouds. DARDAR profiles are a joint retrieval of CloudSat-CALIPSO data. Analysis is performed for 12 separate regions over land and ocean, and carried out applying MODIS AOD fields that attempt to correct for 3-D cloud adjacency effects. The 3-D cloud adjacency effects have a small impact upon our particular calculations of aerosol-cloud indirect effects. IWC profiles are averaged for three AOD bins individually for the 12 regions. The IWC average profiles are also normalized to unity at 5aEuro-km altitude in order to study changes in the shape of the average IWC profiles as AOD increases. Derivatives of the IWC average profiles, and derivatives of the IWC shape profiles, in percent change per 0.1 change in MODIS AOD units, are calculated separately for each region. Means of altitude-specific probability distribution functions, which include both ocean and land IWC shape regional derivatives, are modest, near 5aEuro-%, and positive to the 2 sigma level between 11 and 15aEuro-km altitude. Similar analyses are carried out for three AAOD and three CO bins. On average, the vertical profiles of the means of the derivatives based upon the profile shapes over land and ocean are smaller for the profiles binned according to AAOD and CO values, than for the MODIS AODs, which include both scattering and absorptive aerosol. This difference in character supports the assertion that absorptive aerosol can inhibit cloud development. C1 [Massie, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Delano, Julien] LATMOS IPSL UVSQ CNRS, Guyancourt, France. [Massie, Steven T.; Bardeen, Charles G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res Atmospher Chem & Modeling, Boulder, CO USA. [Jiang, Jonathan H.; Huang, Lei] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Massie, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Massie, ST (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res Atmospher Chem & Modeling, Boulder, CO USA. EM steven.massie@lasp.colorado.edu FU NASA [NNX14AL55G, NNX14AO85G]; National Science Foundation; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA FX The work discussed in this paper is supported by NASA Grants NNX14AL55G and NNX14AO85G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is supported by the National Science Foundation. We also acknowledge the support by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 10 BP 6091 EP 6105 DI 10.5194/acp-16-6091-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WL UT WOS:000378354100005 ER PT J AU Bousserez, N Henze, DK Rooney, B Perkins, A Wecht, KJ Turner, AJ Natraj, V Worden, JR AF Bousserez, Nicolas Henze, Daven K. Rooney, Brigitte Perkins, Andre Wecht, Kevin J. Turner, Alexander J. Natraj, Vijay Worden, John R. TI Constraints on methane emissions in North America from future geostationary remote-sensing measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; UNITED-STATES; DIURNAL DYNAMICS; SATELLITE DATA; AURA TES; GOSAT; OZONE; CH4; POLLUTION; WETLAND AB The success of future geostationary (GEO) satellite observation missions depends on our ability to design instruments that address their key scientific objectives. In this study, an Observation System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) is performed to quantify the constraints on methane (CH4) emissions in North America obtained from shortwave infrared (SWIR), thermal infrared (TIR), and multi-spectral (SWIR+TIR) measurements in geostationary orbit and from future SWIR low-Earth orbit (LEO) measurements. An efficient stochastic algorithm is used to compute the information content of the inverted emissions at high spatial resolution (0.5A degrees aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-0.7A degrees) in a variational framework using the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model and its adjoint. Our results show that at sub-weekly timescales, SWIR measurements in GEO orbit can constrain about twice as many independent flux patterns than in LEO orbit, with a degree of freedom for signal (DOF) for the inversion of 266 and 115, respectively. Comparisons between TIR GEO and SWIR LEO configurations reveal that poor boundary layer sensitivities for the TIR measurements cannot be compensated for by the high spatiotemporal sampling of a GEO orbit. The benefit of a multi-spectral instrument compared to current SWIR products in a GEO context is shown for sub-weekly timescale constraints, with an increase in the DOF of about 50aEuro-% for a 3-day inversion. Our results further suggest that both the SWIR and multi-spectral measurements on GEO orbits could almost fully resolve CH4 fluxes at a spatial resolution of at least 100aEuro-kmaEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-100aEuro-km over source hotspots (emissions > aEuro-4aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(5)aEuro-kgaEuro-day(-1)). The sensitivity of the optimized emission scaling factors to typical errors in boundary and initial conditions can reach 30 and 50aEuro-% for the SWIR GEO or SWIR LEO configurations, respectively, while it is smaller than 5aEuro-% in the case of a multi-spectral GEO system. Overall, our results demonstrate that multi-spectral measurements from a geostationary satellite platform would address the need for higher spatiotemporal constraints on CH4 emissions while greatly mitigating the impact of inherent uncertainties in source inversion methods on the inferred fluxes. C1 [Bousserez, Nicolas; Henze, Daven K.; Rooney, Brigitte; Perkins, Andre] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Natraj, Vijay; Worden, John R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Wecht, Kevin J.; Turner, Alexander J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perkins, Andre] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bousserez, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM nicolas.bousserez@colorado.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; OI Perkins, Walter/0000-0001-7742-7609 FU NASA GEO-CAPE Science Team [NNX14AH02G]; NOAA [NA14OAR4310136]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0 821 794]; Department of Energy (DOE) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF) FX This project was supported by NASA GEO-CAPE Science Team grant NNX14AH02G and NOAA grant NA14OAR4310136. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0 821 794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Alexander J. Turner was supported by a Department of Energy (DOE) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF). Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 10 BP 6175 EP 6190 DI 10.5194/acp-16-6175-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WL UT WOS:000378354100009 ER PT J AU Jiang, Z Miyazaki, K Worden, JR Liu, JJ Jones, DBA Henze, DK AF Jiang, Zhe Miyazaki, Kazuyuki Worden, John R. Liu, Jane J. Jones, Dylan B. A. Henze, Daven K. TI Impacts of anthropogenic and natural sources on free tropospheric ozone over the Middle East SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ASIAN MONSOON ANTICYCLONE; SATELLITE DATA; LIGHTNING NOX; EMISSIONS; ASSIMILATION; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; MODEL; OMI; VARIABILITY AB Significant progress has been made in identifying the influence of different processes and emissions on the summertime enhancements of free tropospheric ozone (O-3) at northern midlatitude regions. However, the exact contribution of regional emissions, chemical and transport processes to these summertime enhancements is still not well quantified. Here we focus on quantifying the influence of regional emissions on the summertime O-3 enhancements over the Middle East, using updated reactive nitrogen (NOx) emissions. We then use the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem model with these updated NOx emissions to show that the global total contribution of lightning NOx on middle free tropospheric O-3 over the Middle East is about 2 times larger than that from global anthropogenic sources. The summertime middle free tropospheric O-3 enhancement is primarily due to Asian NOx emissions, with approximately equivalent contributions from Asian anthropogenic activities and lightning. In the Middle Eastern lower free troposphere, lightning NOx from Europe and North America and anthropogenic NOx from Middle Eastern local emissions are the primary sources of O-3. This work highlights the critical role of lightning NOx on northern midlatitude free tropospheric O-3 and the important effect of the Asian summer monsoon on the export of Asian pollutants. C1 [Jiang, Zhe; Worden, John R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Miyazaki, Kazuyuki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Liu, Jane J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog & Planning, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Liu, Jane J.] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Jones, Dylan B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Henze, Daven K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jiang, Zhe] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Jiang, Z (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM zhejiang@ucar.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 10 BP 6537 EP 6546 DI 10.5194/acp-16-6537-2016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WL UT WOS:000378354100030 ER PT J AU Lee, H Kalashnikova, OV Suzuki, K Braverman, A Garay, MJ Kahn, RA AF Lee, Huikyo Kalashnikova, Olga V. Suzuki, Kentaroh Braverman, Amy Garay, Michael J. Kahn, Ralph A. TI Climatology of the aerosol optical depth by components from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and chemistry transport models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; AIR-QUALITY; SATELLITE; DUST; SIMULATIONS; EMISSIONS; PRODUCTS; RETRIEVALS; THICKNESS; POLLUTION AB The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) Joint Aerosol (JOINT_AS) Level 3 product has provided a global, descriptive summary of MISR Level 2 aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol type information for each month over 16+aEuro-years since March 2000. Using Version 1 of JOINT_AS, which is based on the operational (Version 22) MISR Level 2 aerosol product, this study analyzes, for the first time, characteristics of observed and simulated distributions of AOD for three broad classes of aerosols: spherical nonabsorbing, spherical absorbing, and nonspherical - near or downwind of their major source regions. The statistical moments (means, standard deviations, and skewnesses) and distributions of AOD by components derived from the JOINT_AS are compared with results from two chemistry transport models (CTMs), the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) and SPectral RadIatioN-TrAnSport (SPRINTARS). Overall, the AOD distributions retrieved from MISR and modeled by GOCART and SPRINTARS agree with each other in a qualitative sense. Marginal distributions of AOD for each aerosol type in both MISR and models show considerable high positive skewness, which indicates the importance of including extreme AOD events when comparing satellite retrievals with models. The MISR JOINT_AS product will greatly facilitate comparisons between satellite observations and model simulations of aerosols by type. C1 [Lee, Huikyo; Kalashnikova, Olga V.; Braverman, Amy; Garay, Michael J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Suzuki, Kentaroh] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Kahn, Ralph A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM huikyo.lee@jpl.nasa.gov RI Suzuki, Kentaroh/C-3624-2011 FU Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-12]; JAXA/EarthCARE project; GCOM-C project; NASA FX This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We thank the MISR team for providing facilities and useful discussions. K. Suzuki was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-12) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and by funds from JAXA/EarthCARE and GCOM-C projects. The work of Ralph A. Kahn is supported in part by NASA's Climate and Radiation Research and Analysis Program under H. Maring, NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program under R. Eckman, and the NASA Earth Observing System MISR instrument project. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 10 BP 6627 EP 6640 DI 10.5194/acp-16-6627-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WL UT WOS:000378354100036 ER PT J AU Moradi, I Arkin, P Ferraro, R Eriksson, P Fetzer, E AF Moradi, Isaac Arkin, Philip Ferraro, Ralph Eriksson, Patrick Fetzer, Eric TI Diurnal variation of tropospheric relative humidity in tropical regions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; CLIMATOLOGY; CYCLE; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; FEEDBACK; PACIFIC AB Despite the importance of water vapor especially in the tropical region, the diurnal variations of water vapor have not been completely investigated in the past due to the lack of adequate observations. Measurements from Sondeur Atmosph,rique du Profil d'Humidit, Intertropicale par Radiom,trie (SAPHIR) onboard the low inclination Megha-Tropiques satellite with frequent daily revisits provide a valuable dataset for investigating the diurnal and spatial variation of tropospheric relative humidity in the tropical region. In this study, we first transformed SAPHIR observations into layer-averaged relative humidity, then partitioned the data based on local observation time into 24 bins with a grid resolution of one degree. Afterwards, we fitted Fourier series to the binned data. Finally, the mean, amplitude, and diurnal peak time of relative humidity in tropical regions were calculated for each grid point using either the measurements or Fourier series. The results were separately investigated for different SAPHIR channels as well as for relative humidity with respect to both liquid and ice phases. The results showed that the wet and dry regions are, respectively, associated with convective and subsidence regions which is consistent with the previous studies. The mean tropospheric humidity values reported in this study are generally 10 to 15aEuro-% higher than those reported using infrared observations which is because of strict cloud screening for infrared measurements. The results showed a large inhomogeneity in diurnal variation of tropospheric relative humidity in tropical region. The diurnal amplitude was larger over land than over ocean and the oceanic amplitude was larger over convective regions than over subsidence regions. The results showed that the diurnal amplitude is less than 10aEuro-% in middle and upper troposphere, but it is up to 30aEuro-% in lower troposphere over land. Although the peak of RH generally occurs over night or in early morning, there are several regions where the diurnal peak occurs at other times of the day. The early morning peak time is because of a peak in convective activities in early morning. Additionally, a double peak was observed in tropospheric humidity over some regions which is consistent with double peak in precipitation. C1 [Moradi, Isaac; Arkin, Philip] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moradi, Isaac; Ferraro, Ralph] NOAA, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Eriksson, Patrick] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Fetzer, Eric] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Moradi, Isaac] NASA, GMAO, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Moradi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Moradi, I (reprint author), NOAA, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Moradi, I (reprint author), NASA, GMAO, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM isaac.moradi@nasa.gov RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Eriksson, Patrick/A-5321-2009 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Eriksson, Patrick/0000-0002-8475-0479 FU NOAA at the University of Maryland, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) [NA09NES4400006]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This study was supported by NOAA grant no. NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - CICS) at the University of Maryland, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC). Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. SAPHIR data are processed and provided by Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 BP 6913 EP 6929 DI 10.5194/acp-16-6913-2016 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WQ UT WOS:000378354600016 ER PT J AU Pereira, G Siqueira, R Rosario, NE Longo, KL Freitas, SR Cardozo, FS Kaiser, JW Wooster, MJ AF Pereira, Gabriel Siqueira, Ricardo Rosario, Nilton E. Longo, Karla L. Freitas, Saulo R. Cardozo, Francielle S. Kaiser, Johannes W. Wooster, Martin J. TI Assessment of fire emission inventories during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) experiment SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FUEL MOISTURE-CONTENT; RADIATIVE ENERGY; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; BURNED AREA; FOREST; MODIS; SATELLITE; PRODUCTS; SYSTEM; CARBON AB Fires associated with land use and land cover changes release large amounts of aerosols and trace gases into the atmosphere. Although several inventories of biomass burning emissions cover Brazil, there are still considerable uncertainties and differences among them. While most fire emission inventories utilize the parameters of burned area, vegetation fuel load, emission factors, and other parameters to estimate the biomass burned and its associated emissions, several more recent inventories apply an alternative method based on fire radiative power (FRP) observations to estimate the amount of biomass burned and the corresponding emissions of trace gases and aerosols. The Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model (3BEM) and the Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) are examples of the first, while the Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model with FRP assimilation (3BEM_FRP) and the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) are examples of the latter. These four biomass burning emission inventories were used during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) field campaign. This paper analyzes and inter-compared them, focusing on eight regions in Brazil and the time period of 1 September-31 October 2012. Aerosol optical thickness (AOT(550aEuro-nm)) derived from measurements made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) operating on board the Terra and Aqua satellites is also applied to assess the inventories' consistency. The daily area-averaged pyrogenic carbon monoxide (CO) emission estimates exhibit significant linear correlations (r, paEuro- > aEuro-0.05 level, Student t test) between 3BEM and FINN and between 3BEM_ FRP and GFAS, with values of 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. These results indicate that emission estimates in this region derived via similar methods tend to agree with one other. However, they differ more from the estimates derived via the alternative approach. The evaluation of MODIS AOT(550aEuro-nm) indicates that model simulation driven by 3BEM and FINN typically underestimate the smoke particle loading in the eastern region of Amazon forest, while 3BEM_FRP estimations to the area tend to overestimate fire emissions. The daily regional CO emission fluxes from 3BEM and FINN have linear correlation coefficients of 0.75-0.92, with typically 20-30aEuro-% higher emission fluxes in FINN. The daily regional CO emission fluxes from 3BEM_FRP and GFAS show linear correlation coefficients between 0.82 and 0.90, with a particularly strong correlation near the arc of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest. In this region, GFAS has a tendency to present higher CO emissions than 3BEM_FRP, while 3BEM_FRP yields more emissions in the area of soybean expansion east of the Amazon forest. Atmospheric aerosol optical thickness is simulated by using the emission inventories with two operational atmospheric chemistry transport models: the IFS from Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) and the Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (CCATT-BRAMS). Evaluation against MODIS observations shows a good representation of the general patterns of the AOT(550aEuro-nm) time series. However, the aerosol emissions from fires with particularly high biomass consumption still lead to an underestimation of the atmospheric aerosol load in both models. C1 [Pereira, Gabriel; Cardozo, Francielle S.] Fed Univ Sao Joao del Rei UFSJ, Dept Geosci, Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil. [Siqueira, Ricardo; Longo, Karla L.; Freitas, Saulo R.] Natl Inst Space Res INPE, Ctr Weather Forecast & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. [Rosario, Nilton E.] Sao Paulo Fed Univ UNIFESP, Dept Environm Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kaiser, Johannes W.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Wooster, Martin J.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Wooster, Martin J.] NERC Natl Ctr Earth Observat NCEO, Leicester, Leics, England. [Longo, Karla L.; Freitas, Saulo R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Longo, Karla L.; Freitas, Saulo R.] USRA GESTAR, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Pereira, G (reprint author), Fed Univ Sao Joao del Rei UFSJ, Dept Geosci, Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil. EM pereira@ufsj.edu.br RI Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; Rosario, Nilton/D-8687-2012 OI Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; FU Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2012/13575-9]; Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG) [APQ-01698-14]; NERC in the SAMBBA project [NE/J010073/1] FX We would like to thank the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for their financial support (2012/13575-9) and Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG, grant number APQ-01698-14). J. W. Kaiser and M. J. Wooster were supported by NERC in the SAMBBA project (grant number NE/J010073/1). The MACC/ECMWF simulations were kindly provided by the precursor of EU's Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (http://atmosphere.copernicus.eu). The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for useful comments that helped improve the manuscript. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 BP 6961 EP 6975 DI 10.5194/acp-16-6961-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WQ UT WOS:000378354600019 ER PT J AU Veselovskii, I Goloub, P Podvin, T Bovchaliuk, V Derimian, Y Augustin, P Fourmentin, M Tanre, D Korenskiy, M Whiteman, DN Diallo, A Ndiaye, T Kolgotin, A Dubovik, O AF Veselovskii, I. Goloub, P. Podvin, T. Bovchaliuk, V. Derimian, Y. Augustin, P. Fourmentin, M. Tanre, D. Korenskiy, M. Whiteman, D. N. Diallo, A. Ndiaye, T. Kolgotin, A. Dubovik, O. TI Retrieval of optical and physical properties of African dust from multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements during the SHADOW campaign in Senegal SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; PARTICLE PARAMETERS; WATER-VAPOR; DESERT DUST; CAPE-VERDE; SAMUM 2006; AEROSOLS; EXTINCTION AB West Africa and the adjacent oceanic regions are very important locations for studying dust properties and their influence on weather and climate. The SHADOW (study of SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) campaign is performing a multiscale and multilaboratory study of aerosol properties and dynamics using a set of in situ and remote sensing instruments at an observation site located at the IRD (Institute for Research and Development) in Mbour, Senegal (14A degrees aEuro-N, 17A degrees aEuro-W). In this paper, we present the results of lidar measurements performed during the first phase of SHADOW (study of SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) which occurred in March-April 2015. The multiwavelength Mie-Raman lidar acquired 3 beta + 2 alpha + 1 delta measurements during this period. This set of measurements has permitted particle-intensive properties, such as extinction and backscattering ngstrom exponents (BAE) for 355/532aEuro-nm wavelengths' corresponding lidar ratios and depolarization ratio at 532aEuro-nm, to be determined. The mean values of dust lidar ratios during the observation period were about 53aEuro-sr at both 532 and 355aEuro-nm, which agrees with the values observed during the SAMUM-1 and SAMUM-2 campaigns held in Morocco and Cabo Verde in 2006 and 2008. The mean value of the particle depolarization ratio at 532aEuro-nm was 30aEuro-+/- aEuro-4.5aEuro-%; however, during strong dust episodes this ratio increased to 35aEuro-+/- aEuro-5aEuro-%, which is also in agreement with the results of the SAMUM campaigns. The backscattering ngstrom exponent during the dust episodes decreased to -0.7, while the extinction ngstrom exponent, though negative, was greater than -0.2. Low values of BAE can likely be explained by an increase in the imaginary part of the dust refractive index at 355aEuro-nm compared to 532aEuro-nm. The dust extinction and backscattering coefficients at multiple wavelengths were inverted to the particle microphysics using the regularization algorithm and the model of randomly oriented spheroids. The analysis performed has demonstrated that the spectral dependence of the imaginary part of the dust refractive index may significantly influence the inversion results and should be taken into account. C1 [Veselovskii, I.; Korenskiy, M.; Kolgotin, A.] Phys Instrumentat Ctr GPI, Moscow, Russia. [Veselovskii, I.] UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Goloub, P.; Podvin, T.; Bovchaliuk, V.; Derimian, Y.; Tanre, D.; Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille, CNRS, Lab Opt Atmospherie, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Augustin, P.; Fourmentin, M.] Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, Lab Physicochim Atmosphere, Dunkerque, France. [Korenskiy, M.] Far Eastern Fed Univ, Vladivostok, Russia. [Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Diallo, A.; Ndiaye, T.] Inst Rech Dev, Dakar, Senegal. RP Veselovskii, I (reprint author), Phys Instrumentat Ctr GPI, Moscow, Russia.; Veselovskii, I (reprint author), UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM igorv@pic.troitsk.ru FU Labex CaPPA; French National Research Agency (ANR) through the PIA (Programme d'Investissement d'Avenir) [ANR-11-LABX-0005-01]; Regional Council "Nord-Pas de Calais"; European Funds for Regional Economic Development (FEDER); Russian Science Foundation [14-50-00034] FX The authors are very grateful to IRD Dakar (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement) for their welcome and efficient support and also thank the Labex CaPPA for supporting this campaign. The CaPPA project (Chemical and Physical Properties of the Atmosphere) is funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) through the PIA (Programme d'Investissement d'Avenir) under contract "ANR-11-LABX-0005-01" and by the Regional Council "Nord-Pas de Calais" and the European Funds for Regional Economic Development (FEDER). Development of lidar retrieval algorithms was partly supported by Russian Science Foundation, (project no. 14-50-00034). The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) used in this publication. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 BP 7013 EP 7028 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7013-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WQ UT WOS:000378354600022 ER PT J AU Granados-Munoz, MJ Navas-Guzman, F Guerrero-Rascado, JL Bravo-Aranda, JA Binietoglou, I Pereira, SN Basart, S Baldasano, JM Belegante, L Chaikovsky, A Comeron, A D'Amico, G Dubovik, O Ilic, L Kokkalis, P Munoz-Porcar, C Nickovic, S Nicolae, D Olmo, FJ Papayannis, A Pappalardo, G Rodriguez, A Schepanski, K Sicard, M Vukovic, A Wandinger, U Dulac, F Alados-Arboledas, L AF Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose Navas-Guzman, Francisco Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio Binietoglou, Ioannis Pereira, Sergio Nepomuceno Basart, Sara Baldasano, Jose Maria Belegante, Livio Chaikovsky, Anatoli Comeron, Adolfo D'Amico, Giuseppe Dubovik, Oleg Ilic, Luka Kokkalis, Panos Munoz-Porcar, Constantino Nickovic, Slobodan Nicolae, Doina Olmo, Francisco Jose Papayannis, Alexander Pappalardo, Gelsomina Rodriguez, Alejandro Schepanski, Kerstin Sicard, Michael Vukovic, Ana Wandinger, Ulla Dulac, Francois Alados-Arboledas, Lucas TI Profiling of aerosol microphysical properties at several EARLINET/AERONET sites during the July 2012 ChArMEx/EMEP campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; NMMB/BSC-DUST MODEL; SAHARAN DUST; DESERT DUST; NORTHERN AFRICA; MINERAL DUST; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GLOBAL SCALES; RAMAN LIDAR; MIDDLE-EAST AB The simultaneous analysis of aerosol microphysical properties profiles at different European stations is made in the framework of the ChArMEx/EMEP 2012 field campaign (9-11 July 2012). During and in support of this campaign, five lidar ground-based stations (Athens, Barcelona, Bucharest, A parts per thousand vora, and Granada) performed 72aEuro-h of continuous lidar measurements and collocated and coincident sun-photometer measurements. Therefore it was possible to retrieve volume concentration profiles with the Lidar Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC). Results indicated the presence of a mineral dust plume affecting the western Mediterranean region (mainly the Granada station), whereas a different aerosol plume was observed over the Balkans area. LIRIC profiles showed a predominance of coarse spheroid particles above Granada, as expected for mineral dust, and an aerosol plume composed mainly of fine and coarse spherical particles above Athens and Bucharest. Due to the exceptional characteristics of the ChArMEx database, the analysis of the microphysical properties profiles' temporal evolution was also possible. An in-depth analysis was performed mainly at the Granada station because of the availability of continuous lidar measurements and frequent AERONET inversion retrievals. The analysis at Granada was of special interest since the station was affected by mineral dust during the complete analyzed period. LIRIC was found to be a very useful tool for performing continuous monitoring of mineral dust, allowing for the analysis of the dynamics of the dust event in the vertical and temporal coordinates. Results obtained here illustrate the importance of having collocated and simultaneous advanced lidar and sun-photometer measurements in order to characterize the aerosol microphysical properties in both the vertical and temporal coordinates at a regional scale. In addition, this study revealed that the use of the depolarization information as input in LIRIC in the stations of Bucharest, A parts per thousand vora, and Granada was crucial for the characterization of the aerosol types and their distribution in the vertical column, whereas in stations lacking depolarization lidar channels, ancillary information was needed. Results obtained were also used for the validation of different mineral dust models. In general, the models better forecast the vertical distribution of the mineral dust than the column-integrated mass concentration, which was underestimated in most of the cases. C1 [Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose; Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis; Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio; Olmo, Francisco Jose; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Univ Granada, Fac Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Fuentenueva S-N, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose; Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis; Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio; Olmo, Francisco Jose; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res IISTA CEAMA, Avda Mediterraneo S-N, Granada 18006, Spain. [Navas-Guzman, Francisco] Univ Bern, IAP, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Binietoglou, Ioannis; Belegante, Livio; Nicolae, Doina] Natl Inst R&D Optoelect, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania. [Pereira, Sergio Nepomuceno] Univ Evora, IIFA, Inst Ciencias Terra, Dept Fis,ECT, Evora, Portugal. [Basart, Sara; Baldasano, Jose Maria] BSC CNS, Dept Earth Sci, Barcelona, Spain. [Chaikovsky, Anatoli] Natl Acad Sci Belarus, Inst Phys, Minsk, Byelarus. [Comeron, Adolfo; Munoz-Porcar, Constantino; Rodriguez, Alejandro; Sicard, Michael] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Remote Sensing Lab RSLab, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Barcelona, Spain. [D'Amico, Giuseppe; Pappalardo, Gelsomina] CNR IMAA, Potenza, Italy. [Dubovik, Oleg] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, Bat P5 Cite Sci, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Ilic, Luka; Nickovic, Slobodan] Univ Belgrade, Inst Phys, Belgrade, Serbia. [Kokkalis, Panos; Papayannis, Alexander] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Laser Remote Sensing Lab, Zografos, Greece. [Nickovic, Slobodan; Vukovic, Ana] South East European Virtual Climate Change Ctr, Republ Hydrometeorol Serv, Belgrade, Serbia. [Schepanski, Kerstin; Wandinger, Ulla] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. [Sicard, Michael] Univ Politecn Cataluna, CTE CRAE IEEC, Barcelona, Spain. [Vukovic, Ana] Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Belgrade, Serbia. [Dulac, Francois] CEA Saclay, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm IPSL LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA. RP Granados-Munoz, MJ (reprint author), Univ Granada, Fac Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Fuentenueva S-N, E-18071 Granada, Spain.; Granados-Munoz, MJ (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA. EM mamunoz@jpl.nasa.gov RI Guerrero Rascado, Juan Luis/K-3631-2013; Nepomuceno Pereira, Sergio/B-2042-2017; Belegante, Livio/B-5812-2012; OI Nepomuceno Pereira, Sergio/0000-0002-3727-8183; Comeron, Adolfo/0000-0001-6886-3679; Rodriguez-Gomez, Alejandro/0000-0002-9209-0685; Guerrero-Rascado, J. L./0000-0002-8317-2304 FU Andalusia Regional Government [P12-RNM-2409, P10-RNM-6299]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [TEC2012-34575, TEC2015-63832-P, CGL2013-45410-R, CGL2011-13580-E/CLI, CGL2011-16124-E, CGL2013-46736-R]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [UNPC10-4E-442]; EU through H2020 project ACTRIS2 [654109]; University of Granada [9]; Department of Economy and Knowledge of the Catalan autonomous government [2014 SGR 583]; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [AP2009-0552]; Portuguese Government [SFRH/BPD/81132/2011, FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-029212 (PTDC/GEO-MET/4222/2012)]; CICYT [CGL2010-19652, CGL2013-46736]; Severo Ochoa Programme of the Spanish Government [SEV-2011-00067]; Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia [III43007]; European Union [289923 - ITaRS]; ACTRIS-2 (EUH2020 grant) [654109] FX This work was supported by the Andalusia Regional Government through projects P12-RNM-2409 and P10-RNM-6299, by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through projects TEC2012-34575, TEC2015-63832-P, CGL2013-45410-R, CGL2011-13580-E/CLI, CGL2011-16124-E, and CGL2013-46736-R; by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project UNPC10-4E-442); the EU through the H2020 project ACTRIS2 (contract number 654109); by the University of Granada through the contract "Plan Propio. Programa 9. Convocatoria 2013"; and by the Department of Economy and Knowledge of the Catalan autonomous government (grant 2014 SGR 583). M. J. Granados-Munoz was funded under grant AP2009-0552 from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. S. N. Pereira was funded under fellowship SFRH/BPD/81132/2011 and projects FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-029212 (PTDC/GEO-MET/4222/2012 from the Portuguese Government). S. Basart and J. M. Baldasano acknowledge the CICYT project (CGL2010-19652 and CGL2013-46736) and Severo Ochoa Programme (SEV-2011-00067) of the Spanish Government. BSC-DREAM8b and NMMB/BSC-Dust simulations were performed on the Mare Nostrum supercomputer hosted by Barcelona Supercomputing Center-Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC-CNS). This paper was realized also as a part of the project III43007 financed by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia within the framework of integrated and interdisciplinary research for the period 2011-2015. It has also received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration under grant agreement no. 289923 - ITaRS. The CIMEL calibration was performed at the AERONET-EUROPE calibration center, supported by ACTRIS-2 (EUH2020 grant agreement no. 654109. The authors express gratitude to the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model; the ICARE Data and Services Center the MODIS team; and the ChArMEx project of the MISTRALS (Mediterranean Integrated Studies at Regional And Local Scales; http://www.mistrals-home.org) multidisciplinary research programme. NR 86 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 BP 7043 EP 7066 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7043-2016 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WQ UT WOS:000378354600024 ER PT J AU Olsen, MA Wargan, K Pawson, S AF Olsen, Mark A. Wargan, Krzysztof Pawson, Steven TI Tropospheric column ozone response to ENSO in GEOS-5 assimilation of OMI and MLS ozone data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; 1997-1998 EL-NINO; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT MODEL; TRENDS; STRATOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY AB We use GEOS-5 analyses of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone observations to investigate the magnitude and spatial distribution of the El Nio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on tropospheric column ozone (TCO) into the middle latitudes. This study provides the first explicit spatially resolved characterization of the ENSO influence and demonstrates coherent patterns and teleconnections impacting the TCO in the extratropics. The response is evaluated and characterized by both the variance explained and sensitivity of TCO to the Nio 3.4 index. The tropospheric response in the tropics agrees well with previous studies and verifies the analyses. A two-lobed response symmetric about the Equator in the western Pacific/Indonesian region seen in some prior studies and not in others is confirmed here. This two-lobed response is consistent with the large-scale vertical transport. We also find that the large-scale transport in the tropics dominates the response compared to the small-scale convective transport. The ozone response is weaker in the middle latitudes, but a significant explained variance of the TCO is found over several small regions, including the central United States. However, the sensitivity of TCO to the Nio 3.4 index is statistically significant over a large area of the middle latitudes. The sensitivity maxima and minima coincide with anomalous anti-cyclonic and cyclonic circulations where the associated vertical transport is consistent with the sign of the sensitivity. Also, ENSO related changes to the mean tropopause height can contribute significantly to the midlatitude response. Comparisons to a 22-year chemical transport model simulation demonstrate that these results from the 9-year assimilation are representative of the longer term. This investigation brings insight to several seemingly disparate prior studies of the El Nio influence on tropospheric ozone in the middle latitudes. C1 [Olsen, Mark A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Olsen, Mark A.] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Wargan, Krzysztof; Pawson, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wargan, Krzysztof] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Olsen, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Olsen, MA (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. EM mark.olsen@nasa.gov RI Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; OI Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Wargan, Krzysztof/0000-0002-3795-2983 FU NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program; NASA [NNH12ZDA001N-ACMAP]; HPC FX The authors would like to thank Paul Newman, Jerry Ziemke, Luke Oman, Anne Douglass, and Susan Strahan for helpful discussions. In addition, the authors thank Ray Nassar and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that improved the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program and by NASA NNH12ZDA001N-ACMAP. Simulations and assimilation were done at NASA's Climate Computing Service under awards from HPC. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 BP 7091 EP 7103 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7091-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WQ UT WOS:000378354600026 ER PT J AU Fridlind, AM Atlas, R van Diedenhoven, B Um, J McFarquhar, GM Ackerman, AS Moyer, EJ Lawson, RP AF Fridlind, Ann M. Atlas, Rachel van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan Um, Junshik McFarquhar, Greg M. Ackerman, Andrew S. Moyer, Elisabeth J. Lawson, R. Paul TI Derivation of physical and optical properties of mid-latitude cirrus ice crystals for a size-resolved cloud microphysics model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; GENERAL HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; PART I; CLIMATE MODELS; WATER-CONTENT; FALL SPEEDS; TERMINAL VELOCITIES AB Single-crystal images collected in mid-latitude cirrus are analyzed to provide internally consistent ice physical and optical properties for a size-resolved cloud microphysics model, including single-particle mass, projected area, fall speed, capacitance, single-scattering albedo, and asymmetry parameter. Using measurements gathered during two flights through a widespread synoptic cirrus shield, bullet rosettes are found to be the dominant identifiable habit among ice crystals with maximum dimension (D-max) greater than 100 A mu m. Properties are therefore first derived for bullet rosettes based on measurements of arm lengths and widths, then for aggregates of bullet rosettes and for unclassified (irregular) crystals. Derived bullet rosette masses are substantially greater than reported in existing literature, whereas measured projected areas are similar or lesser, resulting in factors of 1.5-2 greater fall speeds, and, in the limit of large D-max, near-infrared single-scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter (g) greater by similar to aEuro-0.2 and 0.05, respectively. A model that includes commonly imaged side plane growth on bullet rosettes exhibits relatively little difference in microphysical and optical properties aside from similar to 0.05 increase in mid-visible g primarily attributable to plate aspect ratio. In parcel simulations, ice size distribution, and g are sensitive to assumed ice properties. C1 [Fridlind, Ann M.; van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan; Ackerman, Andrew S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Atlas, Rachel; Moyer, Elisabeth J.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Um, Junshik; McFarquhar, Greg M.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lawson, R. Paul] Spec Inc, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fridlind, AM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM ann.fridlind@nasa.gov FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006988, DE-SC0008500, DE-SC0014065]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center FX This work was supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program and the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy under agreements DE-SC0006988, DE-SC0008500, and DE-SC0014065. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Resources supporting this work were also provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. We thank the SPARTICUS science team for collecting and archiving all data sets referenced. NR 103 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 BP 7251 EP 7283 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7251-2016 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WQ UT WOS:000378354600035 ER PT J AU Strode, SA Worden, HM Damon, M Douglass, AR Duncan, BN Emmons, LK Lamarque, JF Manyin, M Oman, LD Rodriguez, JM Strahan, SE Tilmes, S AF Strode, Sarah A. Worden, Helen M. Damon, Megan Douglass, Anne R. Duncan, Bryan N. Emmons, Louisa K. Lamarque, Jean-Francois Manyin, Michael Oman, Luke D. Rodriguez, Jose M. Strahan, Susan E. Tilmes, Simone TI Interpreting space-based trends in carbon monoxide with multiple models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; METHANE LIFETIME; AIR-POLLUTANTS; CO EMISSIONS; INTEX-B; CHEMISTRY; CLIMATE; TRANSPORT; GASES AB We use a series of chemical transport model and chemistry climate model simulations to investigate the observed negative trends in MOPITT CO over several regions of the world, and to examine the consistency of time-dependent emission inventories with observations. We find that simulations driven by the MACCity inventory, used for the Chemistry Climate Modeling Initiative (CCMI), reproduce the negative trends in the CO column observed by MOPITT for 2000-2010 over the eastern United States and Europe. However, the simulations have positive trends over eastern China, in contrast to the negative trends observed by MOPITT. The model bias in CO, after applying MOPITT averaging kernels, contributes to the model-observation discrepancy in the trend over eastern China. This demonstrates that biases in a model's average concentrations can influence the interpretation of the temporal trend compared to satellite observations. The total ozone column plays a role in determining the simulated tropospheric CO trends. A large positive anomaly in the simulated total ozone column in 2010 leads to a negative anomaly in OH and hence a positive anomaly in CO, contributing to the positive trend in simulated CO. These results demonstrate that accurately simulating variability in the ozone column is important for simulating and interpreting trends in CO. C1 [Strode, Sarah A.; Strahan, Susan E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Strode, Sarah A.; Damon, Megan; Douglass, Anne R.; Duncan, Bryan N.; Manyin, Michael; Oman, Luke D.; Rodriguez, Jose M.; Strahan, Susan E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Worden, Helen M.; Emmons, Louisa K.; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Tilmes, Simone] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Damon, Megan; Manyin, Michael] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Strode, SA (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Strode, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM sarah.a.strode@nasa.gov RI Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012 OI Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; FU NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Program FX This work was supported by NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program and computing resources from the NASA High-End Computing Program. We thank Bruce Van Aartsen for contributing to the GMI simulations. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The MO-PITT project is supported by the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 BP 7285 EP 7294 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7285-2016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WQ UT WOS:000378354600036 ER PT B AU Heap, SR Lindler, D AF Heap, Sara R. Lindler, Don BE Deustua, S Allam, S Tucker, D Smith, JA TI From Hubble's Next Generation Spectral Library (NGSL) to Absolute Fluxes SO CALIBRATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF MISSIONS AND LARGE SURVEYS IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Calibration an Standardization of Missions and Large Surveys in Astronomy and Astrophysics CY APR 16-19, 2012 CL Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL HO Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab ID NEWTON-TELESCOPE LIBRARY; PHOTONIC PASSBANDS; EMPIRICAL SPECTRA; ZERO POINTS; HIPPARCOS AB Hubble's Next Generation Spectral Library (NGSL) consists of R similar to 1000 spectra of 374 stars of assorted temperature, gravity, and metallicity. Each spectrum covers the wavelength range, 0.18 - 1.03 mu. The library can be viewed and/or downloaded from the website, http://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/stisngs1/. Stars in the NGSL are now being used as absolute flux standards at ground-based observatories. However, the uncertainty in the absolute flux is about 2%, which does not meet the requirements of dark-energy surveys. We have therefore developed an observing procedure, data reduction procedure, and correction algorithms that should yield fluxes with uncertainties less than 1%. C1 [Heap, Sara R.; Lindler, Don] NASA, Lab Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lindler, Don] Sigma Space Corp, 4600 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Heap, SR (reprint author), NASA, Lab Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-890-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2016 VL 503 BP 211 EP 219 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE9RP UT WOS:000378098600018 ER PT J AU Clark, KE West, AJ Hilton, RG Asner, GP Quesada, CA Silman, MR Saatchi, SS Farfan-Rios, W Martin, RE Horwath, AB Halladay, K New, M Malhi, Y AF Clark, K. E. West, A. J. Hilton, R. G. Asner, G. P. Quesada, C. A. Silman, M. R. Saatchi, S. S. Farfan-Rios, W. Martin, R. E. Horwath, A. B. Halladay, K. New, M. Malhi, Y. TI Storm-triggered landslides in the Peruvian Andes and implications for topography, carbon cycles, and biodiversity SO EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; ORGANIC-CARBON; BOLIVIAN ANDES; MOUNTAIN BELT; CLIMATIC CONTROL; RIVER INCISION; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; RAINFALL INTENSITY AB In this study, we assess the geomorphic role of a rare, large-magnitude landslide-triggering event and consider its effect on mountain forest ecosystems and the erosion of organic carbon in an Andean river catchment. Proximal triggers such as large rain storms are known to cause large numbers of landslides, but the relative effects of such low-frequency, high-magnitude events are not well known in the context of more regular, smaller events. We develop a 25-year duration, annual-resolution landslide inventory by mapping landslide occurrence in the Kosnipata Valley, Peru, from 1988 to 2012 using Landsat, QuickBird, and WorldView satellite images. Catchment-wide landslide rates were high, averaging 0.076% yr(-1) by area. As a result, landslides on average completely turn over hillslopes every similar to 1320 years, although our data suggest that landslide occurrence varies spatially and temporally, such that turnover times are likely to be non-uniform. In total, landslides stripped 26 +/- 4 tC km(-2) yr(-1) of organic carbon from soil (80 %) and vegetation (20 %) during the study period. A single rain storm in March 2010 accounted for 27% of all landslide area observed during the 25-year study and accounted for 26% of the landslide-associated organic carbon flux. An approximately linear magnitude-frequency relationship for annual landslide areas suggests that large storms contribute an equivalent landslide failure area to the sum of lower-frequency landslide events occurring over the same period. However, the spatial distribution of landslides associated with the 2010 storm is distinct. On the basis of precipitation statistics and landscape morphology, we hypothesise that focusing of storm-triggered landslide erosion at lower elevations in the Kosnipata catchment may be characteristic of longer-term patterns. These patterns may have implications for the source and composition of sediments and organic material supplied to river systems of the Amazon Basin, and, through focusing of regular ecological disturbance, for the species composition of forested ecosystems in the region. C1 [Clark, K. E.; Halladay, K.; New, M.; Malhi, Y.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England. [West, A. J.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hilton, R. G.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England. [Asner, G. P.; Martin, R. E.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Quesada, C. A.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Silman, M. R.; Farfan-Rios, W.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Silman, M. R.; Farfan-Rios, W.] Wake Forest Univ, Ctr Energy Environm & Sustainabil, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Saatchi, S. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Horwath, A. B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge, England. [New, M.] Univ Cape Town, African Climate & Dev Initiat, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [New, M.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Int Dev, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Clark, K. E.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Horwath, A. B.] Univ Stirling, Dept Biol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. RP Clark, KE (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England.; Clark, KE (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM kathryn.clark23@gmail.com RI Farfan-Rios, William/J-9881-2015; New, Mark/A-7684-2008 OI Farfan-Rios, William/0000-0002-3196-0317; New, Mark/0000-0001-6082-8879 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Clarendon Fund PhD scholarships; NERC New Investigator Grant [NE/I001719/1]; Jackson Foundation; European Research Council Advanced Investigator Grant GEM-TRAIT; [NSF-EAR 1227192] FX This paper is a product of the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystems Research Group (ABERG). K. E. Clark was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Clarendon Fund PhD scholarships. A. J. West was supported to work in the Kosnipata Valley by NSF-EAR 1227192 and R. G. Hilton was supported by a NERC New Investigator Grant (NE/I001719/1). Y. Malhi was supported by the Jackson Foundation and a European Research Council Advanced Investigator Grant GEM-TRAIT. The Carnegie Airborne Observatory is made possible by the Avatar Alliance Foundation, Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, W. M. Keck Foundation, Margaret A. Cargill Foundation, Mary Anne Nyburg Baker and G. Leonard Baker Jr., and William R. Hearst III. We thank D. Knapp, T. Kennedy-Bowdoin, C. Anderson, and R. Tupayachi for CAO data collection and analysis; M. Palace for the QuickBird-2 satellite images from 2009 and 2010; S. Abele for GIS advice; S. Moon and G. Hilley for providing Matlab code for slope-area analysis; and S. Feakins and reviewers of a prior submission for comments. We thank Ken Ferrier, an anonymous referee, and the editor for their helpful and insightful reviews. NR 126 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2196-6311 EI 2196-632X J9 EARTH SURF DYNAM JI Earth Surf. Dyn. PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 BP 47 EP 70 DI 10.5194/esurf-4-47-2016 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DP0UN UT WOS:000378205500004 ER PT J AU Banzon, V Smith, TM Chin, TM Liu, CY Hankins, W AF Banzon, Viva Smith, Thomas M. Chin, Toshio Mike Liu, Chunying Hankins, William TI A long-term record of blended satellite and in situ sea-surface temperature for climate monitoring, modeling and environmental studies SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; IMPACT; AEROSOLS AB This paper describes a blended sea-surface temperature (SST) data set that is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Data Record (CDR) program product suite. Using optimum interpolation (OI), in situ and satellite observations are combined on a daily and 0.25 degrees spatial grid to form an SST analysis, i.e., a spatially complete field. A large-scale bias adjustment of the input infrared SSTs is made using buoy and ship observations as a reference. This is particularly important for the time periods when volcanic aerosols from the El Chichon and Mt. Pinatubo eruptions are widespread globally. The main source of SSTs is the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), available from late 1981 to the present, which is also the temporal span of this CDR. The input and processing choices made to ensure a consistent data set that meets the CDR requirements are summarized. A brief history and an explanation of the forward production schedule for the preliminary and science-quality final product are also provided. The data set is produced and archived at the newly formed National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) in Network Common Data Form (netCDF) at doi:10.7289/V5SQ8XB5. C1 [Banzon, Viva; Liu, Chunying; Hankins, William] NOAA, NCEI, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, NOAA, STAR, SCSB,ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chin, Toshio Mike] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Liu, Chunying; Hankins, William] Earth Resources Technol, 14401 Sweitzer Lane Suite 300, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RP Banzon, V (reprint author), NOAA, NCEI, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM viva.banzon@noaa.gov RI Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.5194/essd-8-165-2016 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP0VB UT WOS:000378206900013 ER PT J AU Valente, A Sathyendranath, S Brotas, V Groom, S Grant, M Taberner, M Antoine, D Arnone, R Balch, WM Barker, K Barlow, R Belanger, S Berthon, JF Besiktepe, S Brando, V Canuti, E Chavez, F Claustre, H Crout, R Frouin, R Garcia-Soto, C Gibb, S Gould, R Hooker, S Kahru, M Klein, H Kratzer, S Loisel, H Mckee, D Mitchell, BG Moisan, T Muller-Karger, F O'Dowd, L Ondrusek, M Poulton, AJ Repecaud, M Smyth, T Sosik, HM Twardowski, M Voss, K Werdell, J Wernand, M Zibordi, G AF Valente, Andre Sathyendranath, Shubha Brotas, Vanda Groom, Steve Grant, Michael Taberner, Malcolm Antoine, David Arnone, Robert Balch, William M. Barker, Kathryn Barlow, Ray Belanger, Simon Berthon, Jean-Francois Besiktepe, Sukru Brando, Vittorio Canuti, Elisabetta Chavez, Francisco Claustre, Herve Crout, Richard Frouin, Robert Garcia-Soto, Carlos Gibb, StuartW. Gould, Richard Hooker, Stanford Kahru, Mati Klein, Holger Kratzer, Susanne Loisel, Hubert Mckee, David Mitchell, Brian G. Moisan, Tiffany Muller-Karger, Frank O'Dowd, Leonie Ondrusek, Michael Poulton, Alex J. Repecaud, Michel Smyth, Timothy Sosik, Heidi M. Twardowski, Michael Voss, Kenneth Werdell, Jeremy Wernand, Marcel Zibordi, Giuseppe TI A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID WATERS; VALIDATION; ATLANTIC; REFLECTANCE; PERFORMANCE; IRRADIANCE; SCATTERING; PRODUCTS; MODEL; NM AB A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite-data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT, GeP&CO), span between 1997 and 2012, and have a global distribution. Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll a, spectral inherent optical properties and spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients. The data were from multi-project archives acquired via the open internet services or from individual projects, acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenisation, quality control and merging of all data. No changes were made to the original data, other than averaging of observations that were close in time and space, elimination of some points after quality control and conversion to a standard format. The final result is a merged table designed for validation of satellite-derived ocean-colour products and available in text format. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) were preserved throughout the work and made available in the final table. Using all the data in a validation exercise increases the number of matchups and enhances the representativeness of different marine regimes. By making available the metadata, it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at doi: 10.1594/PANGAEA.854832 (Valente et al., 2015). C1 [Valente, Andre; Brotas, Vanda] Univ Lisbon, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr MARE, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Sathyendranath, Shubha; Groom, Steve; Grant, Michael; Smyth, Timothy] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Taberner, Malcolm] EUMETSAT, Eumetsat Allee 1, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Antoine, David] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06238 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Antoine, David] Curtin Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Med Radiat Sci, Remote Sensing & Satellite Res Grp, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Arnone, Robert] Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, Kiln, MS USA. [Balch, William M.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Barker, Kathryn] ARGANS Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Barlow, Ray] Bayworld Ctr Res & Educ, Cape Town, South Africa. [Belanger, Simon] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Berthon, Jean-Francois; Canuti, Elisabetta; Zibordi, Giuseppe] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Besiktepe, Sukru] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Inst Marine Sci & Technol, Izmir, Turkey. [Brando, Vittorio] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Brando, Vittorio] CNR IREA, Milan, Italy. [Chavez, Francisco] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Claustre, Herve] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LOV, INSU,CNRS, 181 Chemin Lazaret, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Crout, Richard; Gould, Richard] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Kiln, MS USA. [Frouin, Robert; Kahru, Mati; Mitchell, Brian G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Garcia-Soto, Carlos] Spanish Inst Oceanog IEO, Corazon de Maria 8, Madrid 28002, Spain. [Garcia-Soto, Carlos] PIE EHU, Plentzia 48620, Spain. [Gibb, StuartW.] Univ Highlands & Isl, North Highland Coll, Environm Res Inst, Thurso, Scotland. [Hooker, Stanford; Werdell, Jeremy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Klein, Holger] Fed Maritime & Hydrog Agcy, Operat Oceanog Grp, Hamburg, Germany. [Kratzer, Susanne] Stockholm Univ, Frescati Backe, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Loisel, Hubert] Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, Lab Oceanol & Geosci, Maison Rech Environm Naturel, Wimereux, France. [Mckee, David] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Moisan, Tiffany] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Muller-Karger, Frank] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing ImaRS, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [O'Dowd, Leonie] Inst Marine, Fisheries & Ecosystem Advisory Serv, Galway, Ireland. [Ondrusek, Michael] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SOCD, College Pk, MD USA. [Poulton, Alex J.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean Biogeochem & Ecosyst, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, Hants, England. [Repecaud, Michel] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Plouzane, France. [Sosik, Heidi M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Twardowski, Michael] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Voss, Kenneth] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Wernand, Marcel] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Phys Oceanog Marine Opt & Remote Sensing, Texel, Netherlands. RP Valente, A (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr MARE, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. EM adovalente@fc.ul.pt RI Valente, Andre/G-5244-2016; Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010; Antoine, David/C-3817-2013; Brando, Vittorio/A-1321-2008; CLAUSTRE, Herve/E-6877-2011; OI Valente, Andre/0000-0002-8789-7038; Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094; Antoine, David/0000-0002-9082-2395; Brando, Vittorio/0000-0002-2193-5695; CLAUSTRE, Herve/0000-0001-6243-0258; Sosik, Heidi/0000-0002-4591-2842; Gibb, Stuart/0000-0003-3882-338X FU European Space Agency (ESA); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU); Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC); Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOV); National Science Foundation [OCE 09-26766]; NASA; [PEst-OE/MAR/UI0199/2014] FX This paper is a contribution to the ESA OC-CCI project. This work is also a contribution to project PEst-OE/MAR/UI0199/2014. We are grateful for the efforts of the teams responsible for the collection of the data in the field and of the teams responsible for processing and storing the data in archives, without which this work would not be possible. We thank Tamoghna Acharyya and Robert Brewin at Plymouth Marine Laboratory for their initial contribution to this work. We thank the NOAA (US) for making available the MOBY data and Yong Sung Kim for the help with questions about MOBY data. BOUSSOLE is supported and funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU), the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) and the Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOV). We thank ACRIST, ARGANS and ESA for access to the MERMAID Database (http://hermes.acri.fr/mermaid). We thank Annelies Hommersom, Pierre Yves Deschamps and David Siegel for allowing the use of MERMAID data for which they are principal investigators. We thank the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) for access to AMT data and in particular Polly Hadziabdic and Rob Thomas for their help with questions about the AMT dataset. We thank Victoria Hill, Patrick Holligan, Gerald Moore and Emilio Suarez for the use of AMT data for which they are principal investigators. We thank Sam Ahmed, Hui Feng, Alex Gilerson and Brent Holben for allowing the use of the AERONET-OC data for which they are principal investigators. We thank also the AERONET staff and site support people. We thank Bob Bidigare, Matthew Church, Ricardo Letelier and Jasmine Nahorniak for making the HOT data available, and the National Science Foundation for support of the HOT research (grant OCE 09-26766). We thank Yves Dandonneau for allowing the use of GeP&CO data. We thank the ICES database on the marine environment (Copenhagen, Denmark, 2014) for allowing the use of their archived data, and Marilynn Sorensen for the help with questions about the ICES dataset. We thank all ICES contributors for their data. We thank Eric Zettler and the SEA Education Association. We thank NASA, SeaBASS and the Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) for access to SeaBASS and NOMAD data. We thank NASA for project funding for data collection. We thank Chris Proctor from SeaBASS for his valuable and prompt help with a variety of questions. Finally, we are deeply thankful to the data contributors of NOMAD and SeaBASS: Kevin Arrigo, Mike Behrenfeld, Emmanuel Boss, Chris Brown, Douglas Capone, Ken Carder, Alex Chekalyuk, Jay-Chung Chen, Dennis Clark, Jorge Corredor, Glenn Cota, Yves Dandonneau, Heidi Dierssen, David Eslinger, Piotr Flatau, Joaquim Goes, Gwo-Ching Gong, Larry Harding, Jon Hare, Chuanmin Hu, Sung-Ho Kang, Gary Kirkpatrick, Oleg Kopelevich, Sam Laney, Zhongping Lee, Ricardo Letelier, Marlon Lewis, Antonio Mannino, John Marra, Chuck McClain, Christophe Menkes, Mark Miller, Ru Morrison, James Mueller, James Nelson, Norman Nelson, Mary Jane Perry, David Phinney, John Porter, Collin Roesler, David Siegel, Mike Sieracki, Jeffrey Smart, Raymond Smith, James Spinhirne, Dariusz Stramski, Rick Stumpf, Ajit Subramaniam, Chuck Trees, Ronald Zaneveld, Eric Zettler and Richard Zimmerman. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 235 EP 252 DI 10.5194/essd-8-235-2016 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP0VB UT WOS:000378206900019 ER PT J AU Treverrow, A Jun, L Jacka, TH AF Treverrow, Adam Jun, Li Jacka, Tim H. TI Ice crystal c-axis orientation and mean grain size measurements from the Dome Summit South ice core, Law Dome, East Antarctica SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; TERTIARY CREEP; FLOW; SHEET; FABRICS; MICROSTRUCTURE; ACCUMULATION; GREENLAND; RECORD; MODEL AB We present measurements of crystal c-axis orientations and mean grain area from the Dome Summit South (DSS) ice core drilled on Law Dome, East Antarctica. All measurements were made on location at the borehole site during drilling operations. The data are from 185 individual thin sections obtained between a depth of 117m below the surface and the bottom of the DSS core at a depth of 1196 m. The median number of c-axis orientations recorded in each thin section was 100, with values ranging from 5 through to 111 orientations. The data from all 185 thin sections are provided in a single comma-separated value (csv) formatted file which contains the c-axis orientations in polar coordinates, depth information for each core section from which the data were obtained, the mean grain area calculated for each thin section and other data related to the drilling site. The data set is also available as a MATLAB (TM) structure array. Additionally, the c-axis orientation data from each of the 185 thin sections are summarized graphically in figures containing a Schmidt diagram, histogram of c-axis colatitudes and rose plot of c-axis azimuths. All these data are referenced by doi:10.4225/15/5669050CC1B3B and are available free of charge at https://data.antarctica.gov.au. C1 [Treverrow, Adam; Jacka, Tim H.] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia. [Jun, Li] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Treverrow, A (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia. EM adam.treverrow@utas.edu.au FU Australian Antarctic Division [ASAC 15, AAS 757, AAS 4289]; Australian Government Cooperative Research Centres Programme through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC) FX The Australian Antarctic Division provided funding and logistical support for drilling the DSS ice core and subsequent data analysis through projects ASAC 15, AAS 757 and AAS 4289. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of all participants in the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions associated with retrieval of the DSS ice core. Preparation of the data for archiving was supported by the Australian Government Cooperative Research Centres Programme through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC). Discussions with J. L. Roberts assisted with data management and manuscript preparation. B. Raymond assisted with data control and hosting. We are thankful for comments from Maurine Montagnat and an anonymous reviewer, who assisted in improving the manuscript. Adam Treverrow thanks R. C. Warner for stressing the importance of making these data widely available to the glaciological community. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.5194/essd-8-253-2016 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP0VB UT WOS:000378206900020 ER PT B AU Kobelski, A Jensen, E Wexler, D Heiles, C Kepley, A Kuiper, T Bisi, M AF Kobelski, A. Jensen, E. Wexler, D. Heiles, C. Kepley, A. Kuiper, T. Bisi, M. BE Dorotovic, I Fischer, CE Temmer, M TI Measuring the Solar Magnetic Field with STEREO A Radio Transmissions: Faraday Rotation Observations using the 100m Green Bank Telescope SO GROUND-BASED SOLAR OBSERVATIONS IN THE SPACE INSTRUMENTATION ERA SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Coimbra Solar Physics Meeting on Ground-based Solar Observations in the Space Instrumentation Era CY OCT 05-09, 2015 CL Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL SP SCOSTEP, Variabil Sun & Its Terrestrial Impact, European Space Agcy, Fundacio Ciencia & Tecnologia, Univ Coimbra Reitoria, Univ Coimbra, Dept Matemat, Observat Paris HO Univ Coimbra AB The SIEREO mission spacecraft recently passed through superior conjunction, providing an opportunity to probe the solar corona using radio transmissions. Strong magnetic field and dense plasma environment induce Faraday rotation of the linearly polarized fraction of the spacecraft radio carrier signal. Variations in the Faraday rotation signify changes in magnetic field components and plasma parameters, and thus can be used to gain understanding processes of the quiescent sun as well as active outbursts including coronal mass ejections. Our 2015 observing campaign resulted in a series of measurements over several months with the 100m Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to investigate the coronal Faraday rotation at various radial distances. These observations reveal notable fluctuations in the Faraday rotation of the signal in the deep corona, and should yield unique insights into coronal magnetohydrodynamics down to a 1.5 solar radius line-of-sight solar elongation. C1 [Kobelski, A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV USA. [Jensen, E.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Wexler, D.] Univ So Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Heiles, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kepley, A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Kuiper, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bisi, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. RP Kobelski, A (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV USA. EM adam.kobelski@uah.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-892-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2016 VL 504 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE9RQ UT WOS:000378098700016 ER PT S AU Briggs, RM Frez, C Fradet, M Forouhar, S Blanchard, R Pflugl, C AF Briggs, Ryan M. Frez, Clifford Fradet, Mathieu Forouhar, Siamak Blanchard, Romain Pflugl, Christian BE Belyanin, AA Smowton, PM TI Regrowth-free mid-infrared distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers with sub-watt power consumption SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers XV CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Quantum cascade lasers; distributed feedback lasers; infrared absorption spectroscopy ID METHANE; MARS AB We report on room-temperature, continuous-wave operation of single-mode quantum cascade lasers designed for minimal threshold power consumption in the 4 to 10 mu m spectral range. Narrow-ridge distributed feedback lasers were developed with plasma-etched sidewall corrugations and infrared-transparent dielectric cladding, enabling fabrication without any epitaxial steps beyond the initial growth of the planar laser wafer. The devices exhibit single-mode emission with stable, mode-hop-free tuning and side-mode suppression greater than 25 dB. We demonstrate packaged single mode devices with continuous-wave threshold power consumption near 1 W above room temperature. C1 [Briggs, Ryan M.; Frez, Clifford; Fradet, Mathieu; Forouhar, Siamak] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Blanchard, Romain; Pflugl, Christian] Pendar Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Briggs, RM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ryan.m.briggs@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0002-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9767 DI 10.1117/12.2213990 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE9WJ UT WOS:000378312100031 ER PT S AU Fradet, M Hosoda, T Frez, C Shterengas, L Sander, S Forouhar, S Belenky, G AF Fradet, Mathieu Hosoda, Takashi Frez, Clifford Shterengas, Leon Sander, Stanley Forouhar, Siamak Belenky, Gregory BE Belyanin, AA Smowton, PM TI First Demonstration of Single-Mode Distributed Feedback Type-I GaSb Cascade Diode Laser Emitting near 2.9 mu m SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers XV CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Distributed-feedback; diode lasers; single frequency; GaSb; type-I; laser sensors AB We demonstrate GaSb-based laterally-coupled distributed-feedback type-I cascade diode lasers emitting near 2.9 mu m as potential sources for OH measurements. The laser heterostmctures consist of two GaInAsSb quantum well stages in series separated by GaSb/AlSb/InAs tunnel junction and InAs/AlSb electron injectors. Single-mode emission is generated using second order lateral Bragg grating etched alongside narrow ridge waveguides. The lasers were fabricated into 2-mm-long devices, solder-mounted epi-up on copper submounts, and operate at room temperature. With an anti-reflection coating at the emission facet, the lasers exhibit a typical current threshold of 110 mA at 20 degrees C and emit more than 14 mW of output power. The Bragg wavelength temperature tuning rate was 0.29 nm/degrees C. C1 [Fradet, Mathieu; Frez, Clifford; Sander, Stanley; Forouhar, Siamak] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hosoda, Takashi; Shterengas, Leon; Belenky, Gregory] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept ECE, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Fradet, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mathieu.fradet@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0002-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9767 AR 97670U DI 10.1117/12.2213224 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE9WJ UT WOS:000378312100018 ER PT J AU Aydinoglu, AU Allard, S Mitchell, C AF Aydinoglu, Arsev U. Allard, Suzie Mitchell, Chad TI Measuring diversity in disciplinary collaboration in research teams: An ecological perspective SO RESEARCH EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE research teams; Shannon's entropy index; disciplinary diversity; astrobiology; cross-disciplinary; interdisciplinary ID NASA ASTROBIOLOGY INSTITUTE; INTERDISCIPLINARITY; COMMUNICATION; ORGANIZATION; KNOWLEDGE AB This study proposes an alternative and complementary method to bibliometric analysis to measure disciplinary diversity in research teams. Shannon's entropy index, which is used in ecology to measure biodiversity in habitats, is adapted to measure disciplinary diversity of a research team (habitats become teams, and biodiversity becomes disciplinary diversity). Data come from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, which funded 14 interdisciplinary virtual research teams in 2012. Authors examined not only team rosters but also the project rosters (167 projects for 2012) of each team to calculate disciplinary diversity. Results suggest that the intended diversity is being achieved for some teams. However, for more than half of the teams, disciplinary diversity scores are lower on the project level compared to the overall team level, which suggests that for these teams, the intended diversity is not being achieved. C1 [Aydinoglu, Arsev U.] Middle E Tech Univ, Res Ctr Sci & Technol Policies, MM Bldg Room 320, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. [Allard, Suzie; Mitchell, Chad] Univ Tennessee, 1345 Circle Pk Dr,453 Commun Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Aydinoglu, Arsev U.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Aydinoglu, AU (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Res Ctr Sci & Technol Policies, MM Bldg Room 320, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey.; Aydinoglu, AU (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM arsevu@gmail.com FU NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) FX This study is supported by the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI). NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0958-2029 EI 1471-5449 J9 RES EVALUAT JI Res. Evaluat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 18 EP 36 DI 10.1093/reseval/rvv028 PG 19 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA DP0IZ UT WOS:000378174800002 ER PT S AU Joshi, KD Cooper, L Johnson, N AF Joshi, K. D. Cooper, Lynne Johnson, Nathan BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Introduction to the Minitrack on Knowledge Flows: Knowledge Transfer, Sharing and Exchange in Organizations SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network AB This short paper serves to introduce the minitrack on knowledge flows and to summarize its constituent proceedings articles. C1 [Joshi, K. D.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cooper, Lynne] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Johnson, Nathan] Western Carolina Univ, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. RP Joshi, KD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM joshi@wsu.edu; lynne.p.cooper@jpl.nasa.gov; nathan.johnson@wcu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 BP 4143 EP 4143 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.513 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358204025 ER PT S AU Wilf, J Port, D AF Wilf, Joel Port, Dan BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Decisions and Disasters: Modeling Decisions that Contribute to Mishaps SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network ID BIASES AB Ever since the decision to launch the Challenger and the deadly explosion that followed - it has been widely known that "decision failure" can lead to disaster. But despite this awareness and the availability of a wide variety of decision models, we found no single model that adequately describes all the ways that decisions can fail and how flawed decisions contribute to mishaps. In this paper, we present our model of decision failure. Then we show how we used this model to gain insight into that decisions that have contributed to NASA mishaps (including the Challenger). This work presents both the model and the insights from its application. The theoretical contribution is a new way to encode and analyze the decision data found in mishap reports, providing insight into the causes of decision failure. The practical contribution is the potential for using this to improve decision-making at NASA and other high-reliability organizations. C1 [Wilf, Joel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, OSMS, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Port, Dan] Univ Hawaii, Dept Informat Technol Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wilf, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, OSMS, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM joel.m.wilf@jpl.nasa.gov; dport@hawaii.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 BP 5635 EP 5641 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.697 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358205085 ER PT S AU Port, D Wilf, JM Diep, M Seaman, C Feather, M AF Port, Daniel Wilf, Joel M. Diep, Madeline Seaman, Carolyn Feather, Martin BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Developing a Value-Based Methodology for Satisfying NASA Software Assurance Requirements SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network AB NASA imposes a multitude of quality process requirements on the development of its software systems. One source of such is the Software Quality Assurance standard. All NASA sponsored projects are expected to implement these requirements. However given the diversity of projects and practices at different NASA centers it is impossible to a-priori dictate how these requirements are to be economically satisfied on a given project. Under the auspices of NASA's Software Assurance Research Program the authors have been developing a value-based methodology to guide practitioners in defensibly and economically planning and executing assurance effort to satisfy this standard. The methodology exploits the intimate relationship between assurance value and risk-informed decision making. This paper describes this relationship, the value-based methodology for scaling assurance efforts, support for using the methodology, and our practice-based validation of the approach. C1 [Port, Daniel] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wilf, Joel M.; Feather, Martin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Diep, Madeline] Fraunhofer Ctr Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Seaman, Carolyn] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Port, D (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM dport@jpl.nasa.gov; jwilf@jpl.nasa.gov; MDiep@fc-md.umd.edu; cseaman@umbc.edu; martin.s.feather@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 BP 5642 EP 5651 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.698 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358205086 ER PT S AU Le Jeannic, H Huang, K Ruaudel, J Verma, VB Shaw, MD Marsili, F Nam, SW Wu, E Zeng, H Jeong, YC Filip, R Morin, O Laurat, J AF Le Jeannic, H. Huang, K. Ruaudel, J. Verma, V. B. Shaw, M. D. Marsili, F. Nam, S. W. Wu, E. Zeng, H. Jeong, Y. -C. Filip, R. Morin, O. Laurat, J. BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Efficient Optical Generation of Large-Amplitude Schrodinger Cat States with Minimal Resources SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network AB We demonstrate a protocol enabling the generation of large coherent state superpositions with unprecedented preparation rate. It is optimally using expensive non-Gaussian resources to build up only the core non-Gaussian part of the state. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Le Jeannic, H.; Huang, K.; Ruaudel, J.; Jeong, Y. -C.; Morin, O.; Laurat, J.] ENS PSL Res Univ, UPMC Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Kastler Brossel,Coll France, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. [Huang, K.; Wu, E.; Zeng, H.] E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Verma, V. B.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shaw, M. D.; Marsili, F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Filip, R.] Palacky Univ, Dept Opt, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. RP Le Jeannic, H (reprint author), ENS PSL Res Univ, UPMC Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Kastler Brossel,Coll France, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. EM hanna.lejeannic@lkb.upmc.fr NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358203079 ER PT S AU Goldsmith, PF AF Goldsmith, P. F. BE Simon, R Schaaf, R Stutzki, J TI CHARLES HARD TOWNES: REMARKABLE SCIENTIST AND INSPIRING TEACHER SO 6TH ZERMATT ISM-SYMPOSIUM: CONDITIONS AND IMPACT OF STAR FORMATION: FROM LAB TO SPACE: IN MEMORY OF CHARLES H. TOWNES SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Zermatt ISM Symposium on Conditions and Impact of Star Formation: From Lab to Space CY SEP 07-11, 2015 CL Zermatt, SWITZERLAND SP Deutsch Forschungsgemeinschaft, Int Stifung Hochalpine Forschungstationen Jungfraujoch & Gornergrat, Burgergemeinde Zermatt, Gornegrat Monte Rosa Bahn ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; MIDINFRARED INTERFEROMETRY; COLLISIONAL EXCITATION; GALACTIC-CENTER; SPECTRAL-LINES; ORION NEBULA; INTERSTELLAR; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION AB Charles Townes is renowned for his work elucidating the structure of molecules through microwave spectroscopy and for his invention of the maser and the laser. He also had a lifelong interest in astronomy, and in the later portion of his remarkable and long career devoted himself to astronomical research, pioneering the study of molecules in interstellar space and the development of infrared spectroscopy, first from the ground and then from airborne facilities. His interest in high angular resolution, as well as high spectral resolution observations, led to development of the first infrared spatial interferometer employing coherent signal processing techniques. In this short review I will only touch on some of Townes' many scientific contributions, concentrating on astronomy, and will also give some personal thoughts about how he inspired students in their research, helping to make the "Townes Group" at the University of California, Berkeley, an ideal environment in which to start a career in research. C1 [Goldsmith, P. F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Goldsmith, PF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-2022-1 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2016 VL 75-76 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1051/eas/1575002 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE9MS UT WOS:000377836300001 ER PT S AU Kauffmann, J Pillai, T Zhang, Q Menten, KM Goldsmith, PF Lu, X Guzman, AE AF Kauffmann, J. Pillai, T. Zhang, Q. Menten, K. M. Goldsmith, P. F. Lu, X. Guzman, A. E. BE Simon, R Schaaf, R Stutzki, J TI LITTLE MASSIVE SUBSTRUCTURE IN CMZ MOLECULAR CLOUDS SO 6TH ZERMATT ISM-SYMPOSIUM: CONDITIONS AND IMPACT OF STAR FORMATION: FROM LAB TO SPACE: IN MEMORY OF CHARLES H. TOWNES SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Zermatt ISM Symposium on Conditions and Impact of Star Formation: From Lab to Space CY SEP 07-11, 2015 CL Zermatt, SWITZERLAND SP Deutsch Forschungsgemeinschaft, Int Stifung Hochalpine Forschungstationen Jungfraujoch & Gornergrat, Burgergemeinde Zermatt, Gornegrat Monte Rosa Bahn ID GALACTIC-CENTER; STAR-FORMATION; SIZE RELATION; GAS; I. AB The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ; inner similar to 400 pc) hosts some of the most dense and massive molecular clouds of the Milky Way. Studying these clouds can potentially lead to a better understanding of the dense clouds seen in the central starburst regions in nearby galaxies or in the early universe. The clouds share an unusual feature: they form stars at an unusually slow rate compared to other Milky Way clouds of similar mass and density. Here we use interferometer data from ALMA and the SMA to show that this reduced star formation rate is a consequence of the cloud density structure: CMZ clouds have unusually flat density slopes. The clouds do, for example, exceed the average density of the Orion A molecular cloud by an order of magnitude on spatial scales similar to 5 pc, but the cores of CMZ clouds with similar to 0.1 pc radius often have masses and densities lower than what is found in the Orion KL region. This relative absence of highest-density gas probably explains the suppression of star formation. The clouds are relatively turbulent, and ALMA observations of H2CO and SiO indicate that the turbulence is induced by high-velocity shocks. We speculate that these shocks might prevent the formation of high-mass cores. C1 [Kauffmann, J.; Pillai, T.; Menten, K. M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Zhang, Q.; Lu, X.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astroph, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Goldsmith, P. F.] CALTECH, JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Guzman, A. E.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Camino Observ 1515, Santiago, Chile. RP Kauffmann, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-2022-1 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2016 VL 75-76 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1051/eas/1575016 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE9MS UT WOS:000377836300015 ER PT S AU Zinnecker, H AF Zinnecker, H. CA SOFIA SMO Team BE Simon, R Schaaf, R Stutzki, J TI SOFIA - A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ISM SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS TO DATE SO 6TH ZERMATT ISM-SYMPOSIUM: CONDITIONS AND IMPACT OF STAR FORMATION: FROM LAB TO SPACE: IN MEMORY OF CHARLES H. TOWNES SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Zermatt ISM Symposium on Conditions and Impact of Star Formation: From Lab to Space CY SEP 07-11, 2015 CL Zermatt, SWITZERLAND SP Deutsch Forschungsgemeinschaft, Int Stifung Hochalpine Forschungstationen Jungfraujoch & Gornergrat, Burgergemeinde Zermatt, Gornegrat Monte Rosa Bahn ID GALACTIC-CENTER; ABSORPTION; ORION; RESOLUTION; CORE; LINE AB SOFIA is now close to finishing its Cycle 3 observing season. Despite a turbulent year (2014) including a NASA funding crisis and a heavy maintenance visit (down-time) at Lufthansa-Technik, SOFIA has successfully carried out many important observing programs, using the 4 instruments GREAT, FORCAST, FIFI-LS, and EXES. A second southern hemisphere multi-week deployment to New Zealand was completed in June/July 2015 with FORCAST and GREAT and has provided exciting new data. Here we present a brief overview of science highlights from Cycle 0, 1, 2, and 3 observations related to the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and star formation. Some of these results have been covered by more detailed individual accounts, but a summary and synopsis of SOFIA's major achievements to date seems worthwhile, also to indicate SOFIA's future potential for investigating key interstellar processes (collapse, disk formation, outflows, turbulence, heating and cooling, and magnetic field effects). C1 [Zinnecker, H.] Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, Stuttgart, Germany. [Zinnecker, H.; SOFIA SMO Team] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Zinnecker, H (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Deutsch SOFIA Inst, Stuttgart, Germany.; Zinnecker, H (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA Sci Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-2022-1 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2016 VL 75-76 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1051/eas/1575086 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE9MS UT WOS:000377836300085 ER PT J AU Brogniez, H English, S Mahfouf, JF Behrendt, A Berg, W Boukabara, S Buehler, SA Chambon, P Gambacorta, A Geer, A Ingram, W Kursinski, ER Matricardi, M Odintsova, TA Payne, VH Thorne, PW Tretyakov, MY Wang, JH AF Brogniez, Helene English, Stephen Mahfouf, Jean-Francois Behrendt, Andreas Berg, Wesley Boukabara, Sid Buehler, Stefan Alexander Chambon, Philippe Gambacorta, Antonia Geer, Alan Ingram, William Kursinski, E. Robert Matricardi, Marco Odintsova, Tatyana A. Payne, Vivienne H. Thorne, Peter W. Tretyakov, Mikhail Yu Wang, Junhong TI A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Review ID WATER-VAPOR ABSORPTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; RADIANCE OBSERVATIONS; CONTINUUM ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC WINDOW; BIAS CORRECTION; AIR; ASSIMILATION; CHANNELS; SAPHIR AB Several recent studies have observed systematic differences between measurements in the 183.31 GHz water vapor line by space-borne sounders and calculations using radiative transfer models, with inputs from either radiosondes (radiosonde observations, RAOBs) or short-range forecasts by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. This paper discusses all the relevant categories of observation-based or model-based data, quantifies their uncertainties and separates biases that could be common to all causes from those attributable to a particular cause. Reference observations from radiosondes, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and Raman lidar are thus overviewed. Biases arising from their calibration procedures, NWP models and data assimilation, instrument biases and radiative transfer models (both the models themselves and the underlying spectroscopy) are presented and discussed. Although presently no single process in the comparisons seems capable of explaining the observed structure of bias, recommendations are made in order to better understand the causes. C1 [Brogniez, Helene] UPMC, UVSQ, CNRS, LATMOS,IPSL, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [English, Stephen; Geer, Alan; Matricardi, Marco] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Mahfouf, Jean-Francois; Chambon, Philippe] Meteo France, CNRS, CNRM, GAME, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Behrendt, Andreas] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [Berg, Wesley] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Boukabara, Sid] NOAA, USA, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Buehler, Stefan Alexander] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil, Hamburg, Germany. [Gambacorta, Antonia] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD USA. [Ingram, William] Hadley Ctr, MetOff, Exeter, Devon, England. [Ingram, William] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, AOPP, Oxford, England. [Kursinski, E. Robert] Space Sci & Engn, Boulder, CO USA. [Odintsova, Tatyana A.; Tretyakov, Mikhail Yu] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Payne, Vivienne H.] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Thorne, Peter W.] Maynooth Univ, Dept Geog, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Wang, Junhong] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Brogniez, H (reprint author), UPMC, UVSQ, CNRS, LATMOS,IPSL, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. EM helene.brogniez@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/A-4056-2009; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/0000-0001-6389-1160; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 FU CNES; Megha-Tropiques; EU [Ares(2014)3708963, 640276]; EUMETSAT through its Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM-SAF); Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NASA Award from the Precipitation Measurement Mission Science Team; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This paper reflects the outcomes of a workshop that was held 29-30 June 2015, in Paris. The process of identifying the key questions was performed during a series of working group sessions whose additional participants are thanked C. Accadia, R. Armante, P. Brunel, J. Bureau, M. Dejus, S. Di Michele, A. Doherty, C. Dufour, F. Duruisseau R. Fallourd, C. Goldstein, B. Ingleby, E. Kim, S. Laviola, A. Martini, V. Mattioli, L. Picon, C. Prigent, P. Sinigoj, N. Viltard. We warmly thank the CNES and Megha-Tropiques for the financial support of the workshop and also Sophie Cloche (IPSL) for her immense help in its organization. P.W Thorne was supported by the EU H2020 project GAIA-CLIM (Ares(2014)3708963/Project 640276). W. Ingram was funded by EUMETSAT through its Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM-SAF). T.A Odintsova and M.Y Tretyakov acknowledge partial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR). V. H. Payne was supported by a NASA Award from the Precipitation Measurement Mission Science Team. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process or service by name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not imply its endorsement by the United States government or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 2207 EP 2221 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DO5XD UT WOS:000377855300016 ER PT J AU Hulley, GC Duren, RM Hopkins, FM Hook, SJ Vance, N Guillevic, P Johnson, WR Eng, BT Mihaly, JM Jovanovic, VM Chazanoff, SL Staniszewski, ZK Kuai, L Worden, J Frankenberg, C Rivera, G Aubrey, AD Miller, CE Malakar, NK Tomas, JMS Holmes, KT AF Hulley, Glynn C. Duren, Riley M. Hopkins, Francesca M. Hook, Simon J. Vance, Nick Guillevic, Pierre Johnson, William R. Eng, Bjorn T. Mihaly, Jonathan M. Jovanovic, Veljko M. Chazanoff, Seth L. Staniszewski, Zak K. Kuai, Le Worden, John Frankenberg, Christian Rivera, Gerardo Aubrey, Andrew D. Miller, Charles E. Malakar, Nabin K. Sanchez Tomas, Juan M. Holmes, Kendall T. TI High spatial resolution imaging of methane and other trace gases with the airborne Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MATCHED-FILTER DETECTION; ANIMAL-WASTE LAGOONS; EARTH-SCIENCE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; RETRIEVAL; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; INFORMATION; INSTRUMENT; AVIRIS AB Currently large uncertainties exist associated with the attribution and quantification of fugitive emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases such as methane across large regions and key economic sectors. In this study, data from the airborne Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES) have been used to develop robust and reliable techniques for the detection and wide-area mapping of emission plumes of methane and other atmospheric trace gas species over challenging and diverse environmental conditions with high spatial resolution that permits direct attribution to sources. HyTES is a pushbroom imaging spectrometer with high spectral resolution (256 bands from 7.5 to 12 mu m), wide swath (1-2 km), and high spatial resolution (similar to 2m at 1 km altitude) that incorporates new thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing technologies. In this study we introduce a hybrid clutter matched filter (CMF) and plume dilation algorithm applied to HyTES observations to efficiently detect and characterize the spatial structures of individual plumes of CH4, H2S, NH3, NO2, and SO2 emitters. The sensitivity and field of regard of HyTES allows rapid and frequent airborne surveys of large areas including facilities not readily accessible from the surface. The HyTES CMF algorithm produces plume intensity images of methane and other gases from strong emission sources. The combination of high spatial resolution and multi-species imaging capability provides source attribution in complex environments. The CMF-based detection of strong emission sources over large areas is a fast and powerful tool needed to focus on more computationally intensive retrieval algorithms to quantify emissions with error estimates, and is useful for expediting mitigation efforts and addressing critical science questions. C1 [Hulley, Glynn C.; Duren, Riley M.; Hopkins, Francesca M.; Hook, Simon J.; Vance, Nick; Johnson, William R.; Eng, Bjorn T.; Mihaly, Jonathan M.; Jovanovic, Veljko M.; Chazanoff, Seth L.; Staniszewski, Zak K.; Kuai, Le; Worden, John; Rivera, Gerardo; Aubrey, Andrew D.; Miller, Charles E.; Malakar, Nabin K.; Holmes, Kendall T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Guillevic, Pierre] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sanchez Tomas, Juan M.] Univ Castilla La Mancha, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. [Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hulley, GC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM glynn.hulley@jpl.nasa.gov RI Sanchez, Juan Manuel/F-5807-2016; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; OI Sanchez, Juan Manuel/0000-0003-1027-9351; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Malakar, Nabin/0000-0002-4816-6304 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Many thanks to Francois Rongere from Pacific Gas and Electric's R&D and Innovation division for their support for the controlled release test. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 2393 EP 2408 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2393-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DO5XD UT WOS:000377855300028 ER PT J AU van de Berg, WJ Medley, B AF van de Berg, Willem Jan Medley, Brooke TI Brief Communication: Upper-air relaxation in RACMO2 significantly improves modelled interannual surface mass balance variability in Antarctica SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CLIMATE MODEL; SNOW ACCUMULATION; WEST ANTARCTICA AB The Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO2) has been a powerful tool for improving surface mass balance (SMB) estimates from GCMs or reanalyses. However, new yearly SMB observations for West Antarctica show that the modelled interannual variability in SMB is poorly simulated by RACMO2, in contrast to ERA-Interim, which resolves this variability well. In an attempt to remedy RACMO2 performance, we included additional upper-air relaxation (UAR) in RACMO2. With UAR, the correlation to observations is similar for RACMO2 and ERA-Interim. The spatial SMB patterns and ice-sheet-integrated SMB modelled using UAR remain very similar to the estimates of RACMO2 without UAR. We only observe an upstream smoothing of precipitation in regions with very steep topography like the Antarctic Peninsula. We conclude that UAR is a useful improvement for regional climate model simulations, although results in regions with steep topography should be treated with care. C1 [van de Berg, Willem Jan] Univ Utrecht, IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Medley, Brooke] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP van de Berg, WJ (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM w.j.vandeberg@uu.nl RI van de Berg, Willem Jan/H-4385-2011 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 459 EP 463 DI 10.5194/tc-10-459-2016 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DO2IF UT WOS:000377602600030 ER PT S AU Biswas, A Kovalik, JM Srinivasan, M Shaw, M Piazzolla, S Wright, MW Farr, WH AF Biswas, Abhijit Kovalik, Joseph M. Srinivasan, Meera Shaw, Matthew Piazzolla, Sabino Wright, Malcolm W. Farr, William H. BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Deep space laser communications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVIII CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Lasers; deep-space; communications; photon-counting ID PHOTONS AB A number of laser communication link demonstrations from near Earth distances extending out to lunar ranges have been remarkably successful, demonstrating the augmented channel capacity that is accessible with the use of lasers for communications. The next hurdle on the path to extending laser communication and its benefits throughout the solar system and beyond is to demonstrate deep-space laser communication links In this paper, concepts and technology development being advanced at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in order to enable deep-space link demonstrations to ranges of approximately 3 AU in the next decade, will be discussed. C1 [Biswas, Abhijit; Kovalik, Joseph M.; Srinivasan, Meera; Shaw, Matthew; Piazzolla, Sabino; Wright, Malcolm W.; Farr, William H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Abhijit.Biswas@jpl.nasa.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-974-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9739 AR 97390Q DI 10.1117/12.2217428 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KN UT WOS:000377708200023 ER PT S AU Chen, YJ Abraham, DS Heckman, DP Kwok, A MacNeal, BE Tran, K Wu, JP AF Chen, Yijiang Abraham, Douglas S. Heckman, David P. Kwok, Andrew MacNeal, Bruce E. Tran, Kristy Wu, Janet P. BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Architectural and Operational Considerations Emerging from Hybrid RF-Optical Network Loading Simulations SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVIII CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Optical communications; DSN architecture; loading simulations; optical operations AB A technology demonstration of free space optical communication at interplanetary distances is planned via one or more future NASA deep-space missions. Such demonstrations will "pave the way" for operational use of optical communications on future robotic/potential Human missions. Hence, the Deep Space Network architecture will need to evolve. Preliminary attempts to model the anticipated future mission set and simulate how well it loads onto assumed architectures with combinations of RF and optical apertures have been evaluated. This paper discusses the results of preliminary loading simulations for hybrid RF-optical network architectures and highlights key mission and ground infrastructure considerations that emerge. C1 [Chen, Yijiang; Abraham, Douglas S.; Heckman, David P.; Kwok, Andrew; MacNeal, Bruce E.; Tran, Kristy; Wu, Janet P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chen, YJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-974-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9739 AR 97390P DI 10.1117/12.2213594 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KN UT WOS:000377708200022 ER PT S AU Gupta, S Engin, D Pachowicz, D Fouron, JL Lander, J Dang, X Litvinovich, S Chuang, T Puffenberger, K Kimpel, F Utano, R Wright, M AF Gupta, Shantanu Engin, Doruk Pachowicz, Dave Fouron, Jean-Luc Lander, Juan Dang, Xung Litvinovich, Slava Chuang, Ti Puffenberger, Kent Kimpel, Frank Utano, Rich Wright, Malcolm BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Development, testing and initial space qualification of 1.5-mu m, high-power (6W), pulse-position-modulated (PPM) fiber laser transmitter for deep-space laser communication SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVIII CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser Communication; Space Qualification; Fiber Laser; Fiber Amplifier; Fiber Optic AB We report on the development, testing and initial space qualification of a 1.5-mu m, high-power (6W), high wall-plug efficiency (similar to 15%), pulse-position-modulated (PPM), polarization-maintaining (PM), fiber laser transmitter sub-system for deep-space laser communication links Programmable high-order PPM modulation up to PPM-128 formats, with discrete pulse slots ranging from 0.5- to 8-nsec, satisfies variety of link requirements for deep space laser communication to Mars, asteroids, and other deep-space relay links, per NASA's space laser communication roadmap. We also present initial space qualification results from thermal-vacuum tests, vibration testing, radiation testing and an overall reliability assessment. C1 [Gupta, Shantanu; Engin, Doruk; Pachowicz, Dave; Fouron, Jean-Luc; Lander, Juan; Dang, Xung; Litvinovich, Slava; Chuang, Ti; Puffenberger, Kent; Kimpel, Frank; Utano, Rich] Fibertek Inc, 13605 Dulles Technol Dr, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Wright, Malcolm] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gupta, S (reprint author), Fibertek Inc, 13605 Dulles Technol Dr, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-974-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9739 AR 97390V DI 10.1117/12.2213661 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KN UT WOS:000377708200028 ER PT S AU Krainak, MA Yang, G Sun, X Lu, W Merritt, S Beck, J AF Krainak, M. A. Yang, G. Sun, X. Lu, W. Merritt, S. Beck, J. BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Novel photon-counting detectors for free-space communication SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVIII CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Detectors; photon-counting; avalanche photodiodes; optical communication AB We present performance data for novel photon-counting detectors for free space optical communication. NASA GSFC is testing the performance of two types of novel photon-counting detectors 1) a 2x8 mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) avalanche array made by DRS Inc., and a 2) a commercial 2880-element silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) array. We present and compare dark count, photon-detection efficiency, wavelength response and communication performance data for these detectors. We successfully measured real-time communication performance using both the 2 detected-photon threshold and AND-gate coincidence methods. Use of these methods allows mitigation of dark count, after-pulsing and background noise effects. The HgCdTe APD array routinely demonstrated photon detection efficiencies of greater than 50% across 5 arrays, with one array reaching a maximum PDE of 70%. We performed high-resolution pixel-surface spot scans and measured the junction diameters of its diodes. We found that decreasing the junction diameter from 31 mu m to 25 mu m doubled the e-APD gain from 470 for an array produced in the year 2010 to a gain of 1100 on an array delivered to NASA GSFC recently. The mean single-photon SNR was over 12 and the excess noise factors measurements were 1.2-1.3. The commercial silicon APD array exhibited a fast output with rise times of 300 ps and pulse widths of 600 ps. On-chip individually filtered signals from the entire array were multiplexed onto a single fast output. C1 [Krainak, M. A.; Yang, G.; Sun, X.; Lu, W.; Merritt, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Beck, J.] DRS Technol, Network & Imaging Syst, Dallas, TX USA. RP Krainak, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-974-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9739 AR 97390T DI 10.1117/12.2213190 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KN UT WOS:000377708200026 ER PT S AU Luzhansky, E Edwards, B Israel, D Cornwell, D Staren, J Cummings, N Roberts, T Patschke, R AF Luzhansky, E. Edwards, B. Israel, D. Cornwell, D. Staren, J. Cummings, N. Roberts, T. Patschke, R. BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Overview and Status of the Laser Communication Relay Demonstration SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVIII CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB NASA is presently developing the first all-optical high data rate satellite relay system, LCRD. To be flown on a geosynchronous satellite, it will communicate with DPSK and PPM modulation formats up to 1.244 Gbps. LCRD flight payload is being developed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The two ground stations, one on Table Mountain in CA, developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and another on a Hawaiian island will enable bi-directional relay operation and ground sites diversity experiments. In this paper we will describe LCRD system, its expected system performance and will report on the current state of the system development. C1 [Luzhansky, E.; Edwards, B.; Israel, D.; Staren, J.; Cummings, N.; Patschke, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Cornwell, D.] NASA Headquarters, SCaN Program, Washington, DC USA. [Roberts, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Luzhansky, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-974-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9739 AR 97390C DI 10.1117/12.2218182 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KN UT WOS:000377708200010 ER PT S AU Roberts, WT Antsos, D Croonquist, A Piazzolla, S Roberts, LC Garkanian, V Trinh, T Wright, MW Rogalin, R Wu, J Clare, L AF Roberts, W. T. Antsos, D. Croonquist, A. Piazzolla, S. Roberts, L. C., Jr. Garkanian, V. Trinh, T. Wright, M. W. Rogalin, R. Wu, J. Clare, L. BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Overview of Optical Ground Station 1 of the NASA Space Communications and Navigation Program SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVIII CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Optical Communications; Laser Communications; LCRD; Space-Based Relay; Optical Channel AB Optical Ground Station 1 (OGS1) is the first of a new breed of dedicated ground terminals to support NASA's developing space-based optical communications infrastructure. It is based at NASA's Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) at the Table Mountain Observatory near Wrightwood, CA. The system will serve as the primary ground station for NASA's Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) experiment. This paper presents an overview of the OCTL telescope facility, the OGS1 ground-based optical communications systems, and the networking and control infrastructure currently under development. The OGS1 laser safety systems and atmospheric monitoring systems are also briefly described. C1 [Roberts, W. T.; Antsos, D.; Croonquist, A.; Piazzolla, S.; Roberts, L. C., Jr.; Garkanian, V.; Trinh, T.; Wright, M. W.; Rogalin, R.; Wu, J.; Clare, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Roberts, WT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-974-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9739 AR 97390B DI 10.1117/12.2217465 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KN UT WOS:000377708200009 ER PT S AU Srinivasan, M Andrews, KS Farr, WH Wong, A AF Srinivasan, Meera Andrews, Kenneth S. Farr, William H. Wong, Andre BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Photon Counting Detector Array Algorithms for Deep Space Optical Communications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVIII CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Optical communications; photon counting; beacon tracking AB For deep-space optical communications systems utilizing an uplink optical beacon, a single-photon-counting detector array on the flight terminal can be used to simultaneously perform uplink tracking and communications as well as accurate downlink pointing at photon-starved (pW/m(2)) power levels. In this paper, we discuss concepts and algorithms for uplink signal acquisition, tracking, and parameter estimation using a photon-counting camera. Statistical models of detector output data and signal processing algorithms are presented, incorporating realistic effects such as Earth background and detector/readout blocking. Analysis and simulation results are validated against measured laboratory data using state-of-the-art commercial photon-counting detector arrays, demonstrating sub-microradian tracking errors under channel conditions representative of deep space optical links. C1 [Srinivasan, Meera; Andrews, Kenneth S.; Farr, William H.; Wong, Andre] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Srinivasan, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM msrini@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-974-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9739 AR 97390X DI 10.1117/12.2217971 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KN UT WOS:000377708200030 ER PT S AU Wright, MW Kovalik, J Morris, J Abrahamson, M Biswas, A AF Wright, Malcolm W. Kovalik, Joseph Morris, Jeff Abrahamson, Matthew Biswas, Abhijit BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI LEO-to-ground optical communications link using adaptive optics correction on the OPALS downlink SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVIII CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Free space optical communications; adaptive optics; OPALS; ISS; OCTL AB The Optical PAyload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) experiment on the International Space Station (ISS) recently demonstrated successful optical downlinks to the NASA/JPL 1-m aperture telescope at the Optical Communication Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) located near Wrightwood, CA. A large area (200 mu m diameter) free space coupled avalanche photodiode (APD) detector was used to receive video and a bit patterns at 50 Mb/s. We report on a recent experiment that used an adaptive optics system at OCTL to correct for atmospherically-induced refractive index fluctuations so that the downlink from the ISS could be coupled into a single mode fiber receiver. Stable fiber coupled power was achieved over an entire pass using a self-referencing interferometer based adaptive optics system that was provided and operated by Boeing Co. and integrated to OCTL. End-to-end transmission and reconstruction of an HD video signal verified the communication performance as in the original OPALS demonstration. Coupling the signal into a single mode fiber opens the possibility for higher bandwidth and efficiency modulation schemes and serves as a pilot experiment for future implementations. C1 [Wright, Malcolm W.; Kovalik, Joseph; Abrahamson, Matthew; Biswas, Abhijit] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Morris, Jeff] Boeing Co, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Wright, MW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-974-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9739 AR 973904 DI 10.1117/12.2211201 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KN UT WOS:000377708200003 ER PT S AU Yang, GN Lu, W Sun, XL Chen, J Krainak, M AF Yang, Guangning Lu, Wei Sun, Xiaoli Chen, Jeffery Krainak, Michael BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Innovative free space optical communication and navigation system with high data rate communication, precision ranging, range rate measurements, and accurate spacecraft pointing SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVIII CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Optical communication; ranging; range rate; formation fly; Cubesat AB We report an innovative free Space optical communication and navigation system which provides high data rate communication, precise measurements of spacecraft ranging, range rate, and accurate spacecraft pointing. A complete breadboard system was built. It includes both space and ground terminals Along with 622MBPS data link, two way ranging were conducted. 23 mu m ranging and 23 mu m/s range rate accuracies were achieved in 1 second integrating time. These ranging performance is not sensitive to the communication error rate. The high ranging and range rate accuracies were achieved through the relative phase measurement of transmit and receive clock with Dual Mixer Timer Difference measurement apparatus. C1 [Yang, Guangning; Lu, Wei; Sun, Xiaoli; Chen, Jeffery; Krainak, Michael] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yang, GN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-974-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9739 AR 97390K DI 10.1117/12.2197923 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KN UT WOS:000377708200017 ER PT J AU Schroeder, DM Grima, C Blankenship, DD AF Schroeder, Dustin M. Grima, Cyril Blankenship, Donald D. TI Evidence for variable grounding-zone and shear-margin basal conditions across Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMUNDSEN SEA EMBAYMENT; ICE-SHEET; PINE ISLAND; EAST ANTARCTICA; BED; REFLECTIVITY; RETREAT; STREAMS; WIDESPREAD; STABILITY AB Definitive interpretation of ice-sheet basal conditions from radar-sounding data beneath outlet-glacier grounding zones and shear margins can be problematic due to poorly constrained and spatially variable englacial attenuation rates and losses from propagation through a rough ice surface. To correct for spatially variable attenuation rates, we developed a novel radar analysis approach that provided improved empirical attenuation correction by fitting linearly variable attenuation rates along radar-sounding profiles from the ice-sheet interior to the grounding zone. We also corrected for ice-surface propagation losses by using surface echo amplitude distributions to constrain the loss of coherent power for surface reflections and two-way propagation through a rough ice surface. By applying this approach to airborne radar-sounding observations of the Thwaites Glacier catchment in West Antarctica, we produced relative reflectivity profiles, which show grounding-zone basal conditions varying across the Amundsen Sea Embayment. Additionally, these techniques provided improved characterization of basal conditions across shear margins, showing that-contrary to previous interpretations-the eastern shear margin of Thwaites Glacier corresponded to a change in basal conditions consistent with a transition from frozen to thawed bed. C1 [Schroeder, Dustin M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grima, Cyril; Blankenship, Donald D.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX USA. RP Schroeder, DM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM dustin.m.schroeder@jpl.nasa.gov; cyril.grima@gmail.com; blank@ig.utexas.edu OI Grima, Cyril/0000-0001-7135-3055; Schroeder, Dustin/0000-0003-1916-3929 FU G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation; NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX D. M. Schroeder would like to thank J. Greenbaum and A. Khazendar for their informative discussions on the interpretation of radar-sounding data in grounding zones. The authors would also like to thank K. Christianson, R. Drews, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. C. Grima was supported by the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation. This is UTIG contribution 2848. D. M. Schroeder was supported by a grant from the NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program. This work was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 7 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 81 IS 1 BP WA35 EP WA43 DI 10.1190/GEO2015-0122.1 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DO6GA UT WOS:000377880100025 ER PT S AU Goransson, R Aydemir, A Jensfelt, P AF Goransson, Rasmus Aydemir, Alper Jensfelt, Patric BE Menegatti, E Michael, N Berns, K Yamaguchi, H TI Kinect@Home: A Crowdsourced RGB-D Dataset SO INTELLIGENT AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS 13 SE Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems (IAS) CY JUL 15-18, 2014 CL Centro Congressi Padova, Padova, ITALY SP Univ Padova HO Centro Congressi Padova DE RGB-D; Dataset; Reconstruction; SLAM; Benchmark AB Algorithms for 3D localization, mapping, and reconstruction are getting increasingly mature. It is time to also make the datasets on which they are tested more realistic to reflect the conditions in the homes of real people. Today algorithms are tested on data gathered in the lab or at best in a few places, and almost always by the people that designed the algorithm. In this paper, we present the first RGB-D dataset from the crowdsourced data collection project Kinect@Home and perform an initial analysis of it. The dataset contains 54 recordings with a total of approximately 45 min of RGB-D video. We present a comparison of two different pose estimation methods, the Kinfu algorithm and a key point-based method, to show how this dataset can be used even though it is lacking ground truth. In addition, the analysis highlights the different characteristics and error modes of the two methods and shows how challenging data from the real world is. C1 [Goransson, Rasmus; Jensfelt, Patric] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Ctr Autonomous Syst, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Aydemir, Alper] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Comp Vis Grp, Los Angeles, CA 91109 USA. RP Goransson, R (reprint author), KTH Royal Inst Technol, Ctr Autonomous Syst, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM rasmusgo@kth.se; Alper.O.Aydemir@jpl.nasa.gov; patric@kth.se NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2194-5357 BN 978-3-319-08338-4; 978-3-319-08337-7 J9 ADV INTELL SYST PY 2016 VL 302 BP 843 EP 858 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-08338-4_61 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9OF UT WOS:000377956900061 ER PT S AU Gregory, KJ Hill, JE Black, JK Baumgartner, WH Jahoda, K AF Gregory, Kyle J. Hill, Joanne E. Black, J. Kevin Baumgartner, Wayne H. Jahoda, Keith BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI An Efficient, FPGA-Based, Cluster Detection Algorithm Implementation for a Strip Detector Readout System in a Time Projection Chamber Polarimeter SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing XII CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Cluster Detection; FPGA; Strip Detector; Time Projection Chamber; photoelectron APV25; x-ray; polarization; polarimeter AB A fundamental challenge in a spaceborne application of a gas-based Time Projection Chamber (TPC) for observation of X-ray polarization is handling the large amount of data collected. The TPC polarimeter described uses the APV-25 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) to readout a strip detector. Two dimensional photoelectron track images are created with a time projection technique and used to determine the polarization of the incident X-rays. The detector produces a 128x30 pixel image per photon interaction with each pixel registering 12 bits of collected charge. This creates challenging requirements for data storage and downlink bandwidth with only a modest incidence of photons and can have a significant impact on the overall mission cost. An approach is described for locating and isolating the photoelectron track within the detector image, yielding a much smaller data product, typically between 8x8 pixels and 20x20 pixels. This approach is implemented using a Microsemi RT-ProASIC3-3000 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), clocked at 20 MHz and utilizing 10.7k logic gates (14% of FPGA), 20 Block RAMs (17% of FPGA), and no external RAM. Results will be presented, demonstrating successful photoelectron track cluster detection with minimal impact to detector dead-time. C1 [Gregory, Kyle J.; Hill, Joanne E.; Black, J. Kevin; Baumgartner, Wayne H.; Jahoda, Keith] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Black, J. Kevin] Rock Creek Sci, 140 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Baumgartner, Wayne H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Gregory, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kyle.j.gregory@nasa.gov; joanne.e.hill@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0094-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9853 AR 98530Z DI 10.1117/12.2222800 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE9KM UT WOS:000377707500028 ER PT S AU Korkin, S Lyapustin, A Sinyuk, A Holben, B AF Korkin, Sergey Lyapustin, Alexei Sinyuk, Aliaksandr Holben, Brent BE Chenault, DB Goldstein, DH TI A new code SORD for simulation of polarized light scattering in the Earth atmosphere SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing XII CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE polarized radiative transfer; successive orders of scattering; open-source scientific software ID VECTOR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SUCCESSIVE ORDER; TRANSFER MODEL; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; COUPLED ATMOSPHERE; AEROSOL PROPERTIES; OCEAN SYSTEMS; ALGORITHMS; INTENSITY; RETRIEVAL AB We report a new publicly available radiative transfer (RT) code for numerical simulation of polarized light scattering in plane-parallel Earth atmosphere. Using 44 benchmark tests, we prove high accuracy of the new RT code, SORD (Successive ORDers of scattering(1, 2)). We describe capabilities of SORD and show run time for each test on two different machines. At present, SORD is supposed to work as part of the Aerosol Robotic NETwork(3) (AERONET) inversion algorithm. For natural integration with the AERONET software, SORD is coded in Fortran 90/95. The code is available by email request from the corresponding (first) author or from ftp://climate1.gsfc.nasa.gov/skorkin/SORD/ or ftp://maiac.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/SORD.zip C1 [Korkin, Sergey] USRA GESTAR, 7178 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Korkin, Sergey; Lyapustin, Alexei; Sinyuk, Aliaksandr; Holben, Brent] NASA GSFC, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sinyuk, Aliaksandr] Sigma Space Corp, 4600 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Korkin, S (reprint author), USRA GESTAR, 7178 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Korkin, S (reprint author), NASA GSFC, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM sergey.v.korkin@nasa.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0094-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9853 AR 985305 DI 10.1117/12.2223423 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE9KM UT WOS:000377707500005 ER PT S AU Krainak, MA Rambo, TM Yang, GN Lu, W Numata, K AF Krainak, Michael A. Rambo, Timothy M. Yang, Guangning Lu, Wei Numata, Kenji BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Femtosecond photon-counting receiver SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques X CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Optical correlator; Fourth order interferometer; Intensity interferometer; Laser ranging; Optical frequency combs; Fiber lasers; Photon number detectors ID INTERFERENCE; TIME AB An optical correlation receiver is described that provides ultra-precise distance and/or time/pulsewidth measurements even for weak (single photons) and short (femtosecond) optical signals. A new type of optical correlation receiver uses a fourth-order (intensity) interferometer to provide micron distance measurements even for weak (single photons) and short (femtosecond) optical signals. The optical correlator uses a low-noise-integrating detector that can resolve photon number. The correlation (range as a function of path delay) is calculated from the variance of the photon number of the difference of the optical signals on the two detectors. Our preliminary proof-of principle data (using a short-pulse diode laser transmitter) demonstrates tens of microns precision. C1 [Krainak, Michael A.; Yang, Guangning; Lu, Wei; Numata, Kenji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rambo, Timothy M.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. RP Krainak, MA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0099-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9858 AR 98580S DI 10.1117/12.2225947 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KO UT WOS:000377708700012 ER PT S AU Lu, W Krainak, MA Yang, GN Sun, XL Merritt, S AF Lu, Wei Krainak, Michael A. Yang, Guangning Sun, Xiaoli Merritt, Scott BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Low-Noise Free-Running High-Rate Photon-Counting for Space Communication and Ranging SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques X CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Detectors; photon-counting; avalanche photodiodes; optical communication; ranging; navigation AB We present performance data for low-noise free-running high-rate photon counting method for space optical communication and ranging. NASA GSFC is testing the performance of two types of novel photon-counting detectors 1) a 2x8 mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) avalanche array made by DRS Inc., and a 2) a commercial 2880-element silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) array. We successfully measured real-time communication performance using both the 2 detected-photon threshold and logic AND-gate coincidence methods. Use of these methods allows mitigation of dark count, after-pulsing and background noise effects without using other method of Time Gating The HgCdTe APD array routinely demonstrated very high photon detection efficiencies (>50%) at near infrared wavelength. The commercial silicon APD array exhibited a fast output with rise times of 300 ps and pulse widths of 600 ps. On-chip individually filtered signals from the entire array were multiplexed onto a single fast output. NASA GSFC has tested both detectors for their potential application for space communications and ranging. We developed and compare their performances using both the 2 detected photon threshold and coincidence methods. C1 [Lu, Wei; Krainak, Michael A.; Yang, Guangning; Sun, Xiaoli; Merritt, Scott] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lu, W (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0099-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9858 AR 98580T DI 10.1117/12.2225925 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KO UT WOS:000377708700013 ER PT S AU Verma, VB Allman, MS Stevens, M Gerrits, T Horansky, RD Lita, AE Marsili, F Beyer, A Shaw, MD Stern, JA Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Verma, V. B. Allman, M. S. Stevens, M. Gerrits, T. Horansky, R. D. Lita, A. E. Marsili, F. Beyer, A. Shaw, M. D. Stern, J. A. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Recent advances in superconducting nanowire single photon detectors for single-photon imaging SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques X CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE nanowire; SNSPD; array ID READOUT CIRCUIT; ARRAY; EFFICIENCY AB We demonstrate a 64-pixel free-space-coupled array of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors optimized for high detection efficiency in the near-infrared range. An integrated, readily scalable, multiplexed readout scheme is employed to reduce the number of readout lines to 16. The cryogenic, optical, and electronic packaging to read out the array, as well as characterization measurements are discussed. C1 [Verma, V. B.; Allman, M. S.; Stevens, M.; Gerrits, T.; Horansky, R. D.; Lita, A. E.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, F.; Beyer, A.; Shaw, M. D.; Stern, J. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0099-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9858 AR 98580M DI 10.1117/12.2225241 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KO UT WOS:000377708700009 ER PT J AU Morton, DC Rubio, J Cook, BD Gastellu-Etchegorry, JP Longo, M Choi, H Hunter, M Keller, M AF Morton, Douglas C. Rubio, Jeremy Cook, Bruce D. Gastellu-Etchegorry, Jean-Philippe Longo, Marcos Choi, Hyeungu Hunter, Maria Keller, Michael TI Amazon forest structure generates diurnal and seasonal variability in light utilization SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; DIFFUSE-RADIATION; CARBON BALANCE; RAIN-FOREST; DRY SEASON; PHOTOSYNTHETIC SEASONALITY; EXPERIMENTAL DROUGHT AB The complex three-dimensional (3-D) structure of tropical forests generates a diversity of light environments for canopy and understory trees. Understanding diurnal and seasonal changes in light availability is critical for interpreting measurements of net ecosystem exchange and improving ecosystem models. Here, we used the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model to simulate leaf absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (lAPAR) for an Amazon forest. The 3-D model scene was developed from airborne lidar data, and local measurements of leaf reflectance, aerosols, and PAR were used to model lAPAR under direct and diffuse illumination conditions. Simulated lAPAR under clear-sky and cloudy conditions was corrected for light saturation effects to estimate light utilization, the fraction of lAPAR available for photosynthesis. Although the fraction of incoming PAR absorbed by leaves was consistent throughout the year (0.80-0.82), light utilization varied seasonally (0.67-0.74), with minimum values during the Amazon dry season. Shadowing and light saturation effects moderated potential gains in forest productivity from increasing PAR during dry-season months when the diffuse fraction from clouds and aerosols was low. Comparisons between DART and other models highlighted the role of 3-D forest structure to account for seasonal changes in light utilization. Our findings highlight how directional illumination and forest 3-D structure combine to influence diurnal and seasonal variability in light utilization, independent of further changes in leaf area, leaf age, or environmental controls on canopy photosynthesis. Changing illumination geometry constitutes an alternative biophysical explanation for observed seasonality in Amazon forest productivity without changes in canopy phenology. C1 [Morton, Douglas C.; Rubio, Jeremy; Cook, Bruce D.; Choi, Hyeungu] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rubio, Jeremy; Gastellu-Etchegorry, Jean-Philippe] Univ Toulouse, IRD, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spati BIOsphere CESBIO,UPS,CNES, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Longo, Marcos; Keller, Michael] Embrapa Monitoramento Satelite, BR-13070115 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Choi, Hyeungu] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Hunter, Maria] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Keller, Michael] USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Morton, DC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM douglas.morton@nasa.gov RI Morton, Douglas/D-5044-2012; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Longo, Marcos/0000-0001-5062-6245; Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 FU NASA; Brazil's National Council on Scientific Development & Technology (CNPq); US Department of State; USAID; US SilvaCarbon Program FX This research was funded by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology and Carbon Monitoring System programs and Brazil's National Council on Scientific Development & Technology (CNPq) Science Without Borders Fellowship Program. Funding for lidar data collection was provided by the US Department of State, USAID, and the US SilvaCarbon Program. Lidar data are available from the Sustainable Landscapes Project: http://mapas.cnpm.embrapa.br/paisagenssustentaveis/. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 7 BP 2195 EP 2206 DI 10.5194/bg-13-2195-2016 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DN7RW UT WOS:000377276000014 ER PT J AU Lyons, JB Ho, NT Koltai, KS Masequesmay, G Skoog, M Cacanindin, A Johnson, WW AF Lyons, Joseph B. Nhut T. Ho Koltai, Kolina S. Masequesmay, Gina Skoog, Mark Cacanindin, Artemio Johnson, Walter W. TI Trust-Based Analysis of an Air Force Collision Avoidance System SO ERGONOMICS IN DESIGN LA English DT Article DE trust in automation; automation reliance; CFIT; nuisance budget; test pilot; Auto-GCAS technology; design; automation design; human-machine interaction; automated system ID AUTOMATION; METAANALYSIS; RELIANCE AB FEATURE AT A GLANCE: This case study analyzes the factors that influence trust and acceptance among users (in this case, test pilots) of the Air Force's Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System. Our analyses revealed that test pilots' trust depended on a number of factors, including the development of a nuisance-free algorithm, designing fly-up evasive maneuvers consistent with a pilot's preferred behavior, and using training to assess, demonstrate, and verify the system's reliability. These factors are consistent with the literature on trust in automation and could lead to best practices for automation design, testing, and acceptance. C1 [Lyons, Joseph B.] Wright State Univ, Ind Org Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Nhut T. Ho] Calif State Univ Northridge, Mech Engn, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Koltai, Kolina S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Flight Deck Display Res Lab, New York, NY USA. [Masequesmay, Gina] Calif State Univ Northridge, Asian Amer Studies Dept, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Skoog, Mark] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Cacanindin, Artemio] Global Power Fighters Combined Test Force, Edwards AFB, CA USA. [Johnson, Walter W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, New York, NY USA. RP Lyons, JB (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Ind Org Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1064-8046 EI 2169-5083 J9 ERGON DES JI Ergon. Des. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 24 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1177/1064804615611274 PG 4 WC Ergonomics SC Engineering GA DO2NW UT WOS:000377617700003 ER PT J AU Lyons, JB Koltai, KS Ho, NT Johnson, WB Smith, DE Shively, RJ AF Lyons, Joseph B. Koltai, Kolina S. Nhut T. Ho Johnson, Walter B. Smith, David E. Shively, R. Jay TI Engineering Trust in Complex Automated Systems SO ERGONOMICS IN DESIGN LA English DT Article DE trust in automation; transparency; commercial aviation; human-machine interface; commercial airline pilot; automated tools; emergency operations; pilot error; shared awareness; NASA; automated aids ID RELIANCE; ISSUES AB FEATURE AT A GLANCE: We studied the transparency of automated tools used during emergency operations in commercial aviation. Transparency (operationalized as increasing levels of explanation associated with an automated tool recommendation) was manipulated to evaluate how transparent interfaces influence pilot trust of an emergency landing planning aid. We conducted a low-fidelity study in which commercial pilots interacted with simulated recommendations from NASA's Emergency Landing Planner (ELP) that varied in their associated levels of transparency. Results indicated that trust in the ELP was influenced by the level of transparency within the human-machine interface of the ELP. Design recommendations for automated systems are discussed. C1 [Lyons, Joseph B.] Wright State Univ, Ind Org Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Koltai, Kolina S.] NASA, Ames Flight Deck Display Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Nhut T. Ho] Calif State Univ Northridge, Mech Engn, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Johnson, Walter B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Syst Integrat Div, Washington, DC USA. [Johnson, Walter B.] NASA, Leads Flight Deck Display Res, Washington, DC USA. [Smith, David E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Lyons, JB (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Ind Org Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1064-8046 EI 2169-5083 J9 ERGON DES JI Ergon. Des. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 24 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1177/1064804615611272 PG 5 WC Ergonomics SC Engineering GA DO2NW UT WOS:000377617700004 ER PT S AU Hockman, B Frick, A Nesnas, IAD Pavone, M AF Hockman, B. Frick, A. Nesnas, I. A. D. Pavone, M. BE Wettergreen, DS Barfoot, TD TI Design, Control, and Experimentation of Internally-Actuated Rovers for the Exploration of Low-Gravity Planetary Bodies SO FIELD AND SERVICE ROBOTICS: RESULTS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Field and Service Robotics (FSR) CY JUN 23-26, 2015 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Clearpath Robot, Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Fac Appl Sci & Engn ID MISSION AB In this paper we discuss the design, control, and experimentation of internally-actuated rovers for the exploration of low-gravity (micro-g to milli-g) planetary bodies, such as asteroids, comets, or small moons. The actuation of the rover relies on spinning three internal flywheels, which allows all subsystems to be packaged in one sealed enclosure and enables the platform to be minimalistic, thereby reducing its cost. By controlling the flywheels' spin rates, the rover is capable of achieving large surface coverage by attitude-controlled hops, fine mobility by tumbling, and coarse instrument pointing by changing orientation relative to the ground. We discuss the dynamics of such rovers, their control, and key design features (e.g., flywheel design and orientation, geometry of external spikes, and system engineering aspects). The theoretical analysis is validated on a first-of-a-kind 6 degree-of-freedom (DoF) microgravity test bed, which consists of a 3 DoF gimbal attached to an actively controlled gantry crane. C1 [Hockman, B.; Pavone, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Project PI, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Frick, A.; Nesnas, I. A. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hockman, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Project PI, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bhockman@stanford.edu; andreas.frick@jpl.nasa.gov; issa.a.nesnas@jpl.nasa.gov; pavone@stanford.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 978-3-319-27702-8; 978-3-319-27700-4 J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO PY 2016 VL 113 BP 283 EP 298 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-27702-8_19 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BE9BG UT WOS:000377201600019 ER PT J AU Maurer, EP Ficklin, DL Wang, W AF Maurer, E. P. Ficklin, D. L. Wang, W. TI Technical Note: The impact of spatial scale in bias correction of climate model output for hydrologic impact studies SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES; HISTORICAL SIMULATIONS; DAILY TEMPERATURE; INFLATION ISSUE; PRECIPITATION; PROJECTIONS; CALIFORNIA; DATASET; CMIP5 AB Statistical downscaling is a commonly used technique for translating large-scale climate model output to a scale appropriate for assessing impacts. To ensure down-scaled meteorology can be used in climate impact studies, downscaling must correct biases in the large-scale signal. A simple and generally effective method for accommodating systematic biases in large-scale model output is quantile mapping, which has been applied to many variables and shown to reduce biases on average, even in the presence of non-stationarity. Quantile-mapping bias correction has been applied at spatial scales ranging from hundreds of kilometers to individual points, such as weather station locations. Since water resources and other models used to simulate climate impacts are sensitive to biases in input meteorology, there is a motivation to apply bias correction at a scale fine enough that the downscaled data closely resemble historically observed data, though past work has identified undesirable consequences to applying quantile mapping at too fine a scale. This study explores the role of the spatial scale at which the quantile-mapping bias correction is applied, in the context of estimating high and low daily streamflows across the western United States. We vary the spatial scale at which quantile-mapping bias correction is performed from 2 degrees (similar to 200 km) to 1/8 degrees (similar to 12 km) within a statistical downscaling procedure, and use the downscaled daily precipitation and temperature to drive a hydrology model. We find that little additional benefit is obtained, and some skill is degraded, when using quantile mapping at scales finer than approximately 0.5 degrees (similar to 50 km). This can provide guidance to those applying the quantile-mapping bias correction method for hydrologic impacts analysis. C1 [Maurer, E. P.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Ficklin, D. L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Wang, W.] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Dept Sci & Environm Policy, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wang, W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Maurer, EP (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. EM emaurer@engr.scu.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009 OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X FU NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) at NASA Ames Research Center; Bay Area Environmental Research Institute FX This work was supported by NASA Earth Exchange (NEX, https://nex.nasa.gov/) at NASA Ames Research Center and the Bay Area Environmental Research Institute. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2016 VL 20 IS 2 BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.5194/hess-20-685-2016 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DO3RB UT WOS:000377697600008 ER PT J AU Michel, D Jimenez, C Miralles, DG Jung, M Hirschi, M Ershadi, A Martens, B McCabe, MF Fisher, JB Mu, Q Seneviratne, SI Wood, EF Fernandez-Prieto, D AF Michel, D. Jimenez, C. Miralles, D. G. Jung, M. Hirschi, M. Ershadi, A. Martens, B. McCabe, M. F. Fisher, J. B. Mu, Q. Seneviratne, S. I. Wood, E. F. Fernandez-Prieto, D. TI The WACMOS-ET project - Part 1: Tower-scale evaluation of four remote-sensing-based evapotranspiration algorithms SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENERGY-BALANCE; ERA-INTERIM REANALYSIS; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; SYSTEM SEBS; HEAT-FLUX; DATA SET; EVAPORATION; PRODUCTS; MICROWAVE AB The WAter Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy - EvapoTranspiration (WACMOS-ET) project has compiled a forcing data set covering the period 2005-2007 that aims to maximize the exploitation of European Earth Observations data sets for evapotranspiration (ET) estimation. The data set was used to run four established ET algorithms: the Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory model (PT-JPL), the Penman-Monteith algorithm from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) evaporation product (PM-MOD), the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) and the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM). In addition, in situ meteorological data from 24 FLUXNET towers were used to force the models, with results from both forcing sets compared to tower-based flux observations. Model performance was assessed on several timescales using both sub-daily and daily forcings. The PT-JPL model and GLEAM provide the best performance for both satellite-and tower-based forcing as well as for the considered temporal resolutions. Simulations using the PM-MOD were mostly underestimated, while the SEBS performance was characterized by a systematic overestimation. In general, all four algorithms produce the best results in wet and moderately wet climate regimes. In dry regimes, the correlation and the absolute agreement with the reference tower ET observations were consistently lower. While ET derived with in situ forcing data agrees best with the tower measurements (R-2 = 0.67), the agreement of the satellite-based ET estimates is only marginally lower (R-2 = 0.58). Results also show similar model performance at daily and sub-daily (3-hourly) resolutions. Overall, our validation experiments against in situ measurements indicate that there is no single best-performing algorithm across all biome and forcing types. An extension of the evaluation to a larger selection of 85 towers (model inputs resampled to a common grid to facilitate global estimates) confirmed the original findings. C1 [Michel, D.; Hirschi, M.; Seneviratne, S. I.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Jimenez, C.] Estellus, Paris, France. [Jimenez, C.] Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Miralles, D. G.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Miralles, D. G.; Martens, B.] Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Jung, M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Ershadi, A.; McCabe, M. F.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Biol & Environm Sci & Engn, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Fisher, J. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mu, Q.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Wood, E. F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fernandez-Prieto, D.] European Space Agcy, ESRIN, Frascati, Italy. RP Michel, D (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM dominik.michel@env.ethz.ch RI Miralles, Diego/K-8857-2013; Seneviratne, Sonia/G-8761-2011; OI Miralles, Diego/0000-0001-6186-5751; Seneviratne, Sonia/0000-0001-9528-2917; Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085; Martens, Brecht/0000-0002-7368-7953 FU European Space Agency (ESA) [4000106711/12/I-NB]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [863.14.004]; Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) [SAT-EX (SR/00/306)]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917, DE-FG02-04ER63911]; CFCAS; NSERC; BIOCAP; Environment Canada; NRCan; project WACMOS-ET [4000106711/12/I-NB] FX This study was funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) and conducted as part of the project WACMOS-ET (Contract no. 4000106711/12/I-NB). D. G. Miralles acknowledges the financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research through grant 863.14.004 and the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the STEREO III programme, project SAT-EX (SR/00/306). M. F. McCabe and A. Ershadi acknowledge the support of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. The SEBS team is acknowledged for facilitating discussions concerning the implementation of their model. This work used eddy-covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: AmeriFlux (US Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program, DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911), AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada (supported by CFCAS, NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment Canada and NRCan), GreenGrass, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux, TCOS-Siberia and USCCC. Data and logistical support for the station US-Wrc were provided by the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. All WACMOS-ET forcing data and ET estimates are publicly available and can be requested through the project website (http://wacmoset.estellus.eu). NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2016 VL 20 IS 2 BP 803 EP 822 DI 10.5194/hess-20-803-2016 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DO3RB UT WOS:000377697600015 ER PT J AU Miralles, DG Jimenez, C Jung, M Michel, D Ershadi, A McCabe, MF Hirschi, M Martens, B Dolman, AJ Fisher, JB Mu, Q Seneviratne, SI Wood, EF Fernandez-Prieto, D AF Miralles, D. G. Jimenez, C. Jung, M. Michel, D. Ershadi, A. McCabe, M. F. Hirschi, M. Martens, B. Dolman, A. J. Fisher, J. B. Mu, Q. Seneviratne, S. I. Wood, E. F. Fernandez-Prieto, D. TI The WACMOS-ET project - Part 2: Evaluation of global terrestrial evaporation data sets SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; LAND-SURFACE EVAPORATION; WATER-RESOURCES; SOIL-MOISTURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ALGORITHM; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; ENERGY-BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERCEPTION; MODEL AB The WAter Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy - EvapoTranspiration (WACMOS-ET) project aims to advance the development of land evaporation estimates on global and regional scales. Its main objective is the derivation, validation, and intercomparison of a group of existing evaporation retrieval algorithms driven by a common forcing data set. Three commonly used process-based evaporation methodologies are evaluated: the Penman-Monteith algorithm behind the official Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) evaporation product (PM-MOD), the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), and the Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory model (PT-JPL). The resulting global spatiotemporal variability of evaporation, the closure of regional water budgets, and the discrete estimation of land evaporation components or sources (i.e. transpiration, interception loss, and direct soil evaporation) are investigated using river discharge data, independent global evaporation data sets and results from previous studies. In a companion article (Part 1), Michel et al. (2016) inspect the performance of these three models at local scales using measurements from eddy-covariance towers and include in the assessment the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model. In agreement with Part 1, our results indicate that the Priestley and Taylor products (PT-JPL and GLEAM) perform best overall for most ecosystems and climate regimes. While all three evaporation products adequately represent the expected average geographical patterns and seasonality, there is a tendency in PM-MOD to underestimate the flux in the tropics and subtropics. Overall, results from GLEAM and PT-JPL appear more realistic when compared to surface water balances from 837 globally distributed catchments and to separate evaporation estimates from ERA-Interim and the model tree ensemble (MTE). Nonetheless, all products show large dissimilarities during conditions of water stress and drought and deficiencies in the way evaporation is partitioned into its different components. This observed inter-product variability, even when common forcing is used, suggests that caution is necessary in applying a single data set for large-scale studies in isolation. A general finding that different models perform better under different conditions highlights the potential for considering biome- or climate-specific composites of models. Nevertheless, the generation of a multi-product ensemble, with weighting based on validation analyses and uncertainty assessments, is proposed as the best way forward in our long-term goal to develop a robust observational benchmark data set of continental evaporation. C1 [Miralles, D. G.; Dolman, A. J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Miralles, D. G.; Martens, B.] Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Jimenez, C.] Estellus, Paris, France. [Jung, M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Michel, D.; Hirschi, M.; Seneviratne, S. I.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Ershadi, A.; McCabe, M. F.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Biol & Environm Sci & Engn, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Fisher, J. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mu, Q.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Wood, E. F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fernandez-Prieto, D.] European Space Agcy, ESRIN, Frascati, Italy. RP Miralles, DG (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Miralles, DG (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM diego.miralles@vu.nl RI Seneviratne, Sonia/G-8761-2011; Miralles, Diego/K-8857-2013; OI Seneviratne, Sonia/0000-0001-9528-2917; Miralles, Diego/0000-0001-6186-5751; Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085; Martens, Brecht/0000-0002-7368-7953; Dolman, A.J./0000-0003-0099-0457 FU European Space Agency (ESA) project WACMOS-ET [4000106711/12/I-NB]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [863.14.004]; Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program; project SAT-EX [SR/00/306] FX This work was undertaken as part of the European Space Agency (ESA) project WACMOS-ET (Contract No. 4000106711/12/I-NB). Discharge data were provided by the Global Runoff Data Centre, 56068 Koblenz, Germany. We thank Ulrich Weber and Eric Thomas for processing the catchment data. D. G. Miralles acknowledges the financial support from The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research through grant 863.14.004, and the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the STEREO III programme, project SAT-EX (SR/00/306). A. Ershadi and M. F. McCabe acknowledge funding from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. J. B. Fisher acknowledges funding under the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program. NR 93 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 12 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2016 VL 20 IS 2 BP 823 EP 842 DI 10.5194/hess-20-823-2016 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA DO3RB UT WOS:000377697600016 ER PT J AU Blundell, R Mehdi, I AF Blundell, Raymond Mehdi, Imran TI Introduction to the Mini-Special-Issue on the 26th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Blundell, Raymond] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mehdi, Imran] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Blundell, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 SI SI BP 113 EP 114 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2507759 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA DO3LB UT WOS:000377682000015 ER PT J AU Reck, T Zemora, A Schlecht, E Dengler, R Deal, W Chattopadhyay, G AF Reck, Theodore Zemora, Alex Schlecht, Erich Dengler, Robert Deal, William Chattopadhyay, Goutam TI A 230 GHz MMIC-Based Sideband Separating Receiver SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT) CY MAR 16-18, 2015 CL Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA SP Harvard Coll Observ HO Smithsonian Astrophys Observ DE InP HEMT; MMIC; sideband-separating receiver AB A 230 GHz MMIC-based, cryogenically cooled sideband-separating receiver is presented. Utilizing 30 nm InP HEMT MMICs for the front-end LNA and mixers, the system is cooled to 27 K and operates from 200 GHz to 260 GHz. The system is measured in a cryostat that couples the hot, cold and test signal to the DUT without passing through an optical window, reducing losses in the optical path. An average single-sideband (SSB) noise temperature of 92 K is measured across the band. Sideband rejection ratios are between 10 and 15 dB. C1 [Reck, Theodore; Schlecht, Erich; Dengler, Robert; Chattopadhyay, Goutam] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zemora, Alex; Deal, William] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Reck, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Theodore.reck@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 SI SI BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2506552 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA DO3LB UT WOS:000377682000020 ER PT J AU Treuttel, J Gatilova, L Maestrini, A Moro-Melgar, D Yang, F Tamazouzt, F Vacelet, T Jin, Y Cavanna, A Mateos, J Feret, A Chaumont, C Goldstein, C AF Treuttel, J. Gatilova, L. Maestrini, A. Moro-Melgar, D. Yang, F. Tamazouzt, F. Vacelet, T. Jin, Y. Cavanna, A. Mateos, J. Feret, A. Chaumont, C. Goldstein, C. TI A 520-620-GHz Schottky Receiver Front-End for Planetary Science and Remote Sensing With 1070 K-1500 K DSB Noise Temperature at Room Temperature SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT) CY MAR 16-18, 2015 CL Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA SP Harvard Coll Observ HO Smithsonian Astrophys Observ DE Beamlead; JUpiter ICy Moon Explorer; membrane; receiver noise temperature; Schottky; sub-harmonic mixer; submillimeter wave instrument; Y factor; 600 GHz ID MIXER AB A state-of-the-art 520-620-GHz receiver front end working at room temperature was designed, built, and measured. The receiver front-end features a GaAs-Schottky diode-based subharmonic mixer and a 260-307-GHz doubler, both fabricated with the new LERMA-LPN Schottky process on a 4-mu m-thick GaAs membrane suspended in a waveguide with metal beamleads. Small-area mesas and optimized transmission lines with low dielectric loading are used. At 295 K ambient temperature, an average of 1284 K DSB receiver noise temperature was measured over the 520-620-GHz frequency range, including the 3.5-8.5-GHz IF chain loss. A record 1130 K minimum DSB receiver noise temperature at 557 GHz was measured. At 134 K ambient temperature, an average DSB receiver noise temperature of 685 K from 538 to 600 GHz was measured when correcting for the cryostat window loss. A minimum DSB receiver noise of 585 K was measured at an RF center frequency of 540 GHz. The 520-620-GHz receiver presented in this article allows an increase in the sensitivity of the JUpiter ICy Moons Explrorer-SWI instrument of about a factor of two compared with requirements. It will allow study of the Jovian system with particular emphasis on the chemistry, meteorology, structure, and atmospheric coupling processes of Jupiter and its icy satellites, thereby providing important data for the exploration of their habitable zones. C1 [Treuttel, J.; Gatilova, L.] Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Treuttel, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gatilova, L.; Jin, Y.; Cavanna, A.] CNRS, LPN, F-91460 Marcoussis, France. [Maestrini, A.; Moro-Melgar, D.; Tamazouzt, F.; Vacelet, T.; Feret, A.; Chaumont, C.] Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Maestrini, A.] Univ Paris 06, F-75006 Paris, France. [Yang, F.] State Key Lab, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Mateos, J.] Univ Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. [Goldstein, C.] CNES, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Treuttel, J (reprint author), Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. EM jeanne.treuttel@obspm.fr RI Mateos, Javier/A-6674-2008 OI Mateos, Javier/0000-0003-4041-7145 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 SI SI BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2496421 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA DO3LB UT WOS:000377682000021 ER PT J AU Kelley, MSP Woodward, CE Bodewits, D Farnham, TL Gudipati, MS Harker, DE Hines, DC Knight, MM Kolokolova, L Li, AG de Pater, I Protopapa, S Russell, RW Sitko, ML Wooden, DH AF Kelley, Michael S. P. Woodward, Charles E. Bodewits, Dennis Farnham, Tony L. Gudipati, Murthy S. Harker, David E. Hines, Dean C. Knight, Matthew M. Kolokolova, Ludmilla Li, Aigen de Pater, Imke Protopapa, Silvia Russell, Ray W. Sitko, Michael L. Wooden, Diane H. TI Cometary Science with the James Webb Space Telescope SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE comets: general; methods: observational ID C/2012 S1 ISON; HALLEY MONITORING PROGRAM; NARROW-BAND PHOTOMETRY; JET-LIKE FEATURES; R2 LA SAGRA; WATER ICE; DEEP IMPACT; 2060 CHIRON; 103P/HARTLEY 2; HALE-BOPP AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as the largest space-based astronomical observatory with near-and mid-infrared instrumentation, will elucidate many mysterious aspects of comets. We summarize four cometary science themes especially suited for this telescope and its instrumentation: the drivers of cometary activity, comet nucleus heterogeneity, water ice in comae and on surfaces, and activity in faint comets and main belt asteroids. With JWST, we can expect the most distant detections of gas, especially CO2, in what we now consider to be only moderately bright comets. For nearby comets, coma dust properties can be simultaneously studied with their driving gases, measured simultaneously with the same instrument or contemporaneously with another. Studies of water ice and gas in the distant Solar System will help us test our understanding of cometary interiors, and coma evolution. The question of cometary activity in main belt comets will be further explored with the possibility of a direct detection of coma gas. We explore the technical approaches to these science cases and provide simple tools for estimating comet dust and gas brightness. Finally, we consider the effects of the observatory's non-sidereal tracking limits and provide a list of potential comet targets during the first five years of the mission. C1 [Kelley, Michael S. P.; Bodewits, Dennis; Farnham, Tony L.; Kolokolova, Ludmilla; Protopapa, Silvia] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Woodward, Charles E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Gudipati, Murthy S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Mail Stop 18-301,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gudipati, Murthy S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Harker, David E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hines, Dean C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Knight, Matthew M.] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Li, Aigen] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [de Pater, Imke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Russell, Ray W.] Aerosp Corp, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Sitko, Michael L.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Sitko, Michael L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Wooden, Diane H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kelley, MSP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Gudipati, Murthy/F-7575-2011 FU NASA (USA) [NNX13AH67G]; NASA [NNX13AJ11G]; Independent Research and Development program FX The authors thank an anonymous referee for their insightful critique that improved the manuscript. M.S.P.K. acknowledges support for this work from NASA (USA) grant NNX13AH67G, and C.E.W. acknowledges partial support from NASA grant NNX13AJ11G. This work is supported at The Aerospace Corporation by the Independent Research and Development program. NR 106 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 959 AR 018009 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018009 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO1JL UT WOS:000377534200010 ER PT J AU Keszthelyi, L Grundy, W Stansberry, J Sivaramakrishnan, A Thatte, D Gudipati, M Tsang, C Greenbaum, A McGruder, C AF Keszthelyi, Laszlo Grundy, Will Stansberry, John Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Thatte, Deepashri Gudipati, Murthy Tsang, Constantine Greenbaum, Alexandra McGruder, Chima TI Observing Outer Planet Satellites (Except Titan) with the James Webb Space Telescope: Science Justification and Observational Requirements SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE methods: observational; planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: surfaces; space vehicles: instruments ID VOLCANISM; IO; DISCOVERY; EVOLUTION; PHOEBE AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will allow observations with a unique combination of spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution for the study of outer planet satellites within our Solar System. We highlight the infrared spectroscopy of icy moons and temporal changes on geologically active satellites as two particularly valuable avenues of scientific inquiry. While some care must be taken to avoid saturation issues, JWST has observation modes that should provide excellent infrared data for such studies. C1 [Keszthelyi, Laszlo] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Grundy, Will] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Stansberry, John; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Thatte, Deepashri] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gudipati, Murthy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tsang, Constantine] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Greenbaum, Alexandra] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [McGruder, Chima] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, 1408 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Keszthelyi, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM laz@usgs.gov; grundy@lowell.edu; jstans@stsci.edu; anand@stsci.edu; thatte@stsci.edu; gudipati@jpl.nasa.gov; con@boulder.swri.edu; agreenba@pha.jhu.edu; cmcgrud1@vols.utk.edu RI Gudipati, Murthy/F-7575-2011; OI Greenbaum, Alexandra/0000-0002-7162-8036 FU NASA [NNX11AF74G]; NSF [DGE- 123825]; National Astronomy Consortium FX A. Sivaramakrishnan is supported via NASA grant NNX11AF74G, as is A. Greenbaum, who also receives support through NSF Graduate Research Fellowship DGE- 123825. C. McGruder received support through the National Astronomy Consortium. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 959 AR 018006 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018006 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO1JL UT WOS:000377534200007 ER PT J AU Milam, SN Stansberry, JA Sonneborn, G Thomas, C AF Milam, Stefanie N. Stansberry, John A. Sonneborn, George Thomas, Cristina TI The James Webb Space Telescope's Plan for Operations and Instrument Capabilities for Observations in the Solar System SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE infrared: planetary systems; Kuiper belt: general; planets and satellites: general; techniques: imaging spectroscopy; telescopes AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is optimized for observations in the near-and mid-infrared and will provide essential observations for targets that cannot be conducted from the ground or other missions during its lifetime. The state-of-the-art science instruments, along with the telescope's moving target tracking, will enable the infrared study, with unprecedented detail, for nearly every object (Mars and beyond) in the Solar System. The goals of this special issue are to stimulate discussion and encourage participation in JWST planning among members of the planetary science community. Key science goals for various targets, observing capabilities for JWST, and highlights for the complementary nature with other missions/observatories are described in this paper. C1 [Milam, Stefanie N.; Sonneborn, George; Thomas, Cristina] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stansberry, John A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Thomas, Cristina] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thomas, Cristina] Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Milam, SN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM stefanie.n.milam@nasa.gov; jstans@stsci.edu; george.sonneborn-1@nasa.gov; cristina.a.thomas@nasa.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 959 AR 018001 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018001 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO1JL UT WOS:000377534200002 ER PT J AU Nixon, CA Achterberg, RK Adamkovics, M Bezard, B Bjoraker, GL Cornet, T Hayes, AG Lellouch, E Lemmon, MT Lopez-Puertas, M Rodriguez, S Sotin, C Teanby, NA Turtle, EP West, RA AF Nixon, Conor A. Achterberg, Richard K. Adamkovics, Mate Bezard, Bruno Bjoraker, Gordon L. Cornet, Thomas Hayes, Alexander G. Lellouch, Emmanuel Lemmon, Mark T. Lopez-Puertas, Manuel Rodriguez, Sebastien Sotin, Christophe Teanby, Nicholas A. Turtle, Elizabeth P. West, Robert A. TI Titan Science with the James Webb Space Telescope SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE infrared: planetary system; plants and satellites: individual (Titan); telescopes ID COMPOSITE INFRARED SPECTROMETER; CM(-1) SPECTRAL RANGE; 3 MU-M; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; CASSINI/CIRS OBSERVATIONS; ISOTOPIC-RATIOS; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; TROPOSPHERIC CLOUDS; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; VIMS OBSERVATIONS AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), scheduled for launch in 2018, is the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) but with a significantly larger aperture (6.5 m) and advanced instrumentation focusing on infrared science (0.6-28.0 mu m). In this paper, we examine the potential for scientific investigation of Titan using JWST, primarily with three of the four instruments: NIRSpec, NIRCam, and MIRI, noting that science with NIRISS will be complementary. Five core scientific themes are identified: (1) surface (2) tropospheric clouds (3) tropospheric gases (4) stratospheric composition, and (5) stratospheric hazes. We discuss each theme in depth, including the scientific purpose, capabilities, and limitations of the instrument suite and suggested observing schemes. We pay particular attention to saturation, which is a problem for all three instruments, but may be alleviated for NIRCam through use of selecting small sub-arrays of the detectors-sufficient to encompass Titan, but with significantly faster readout times. We find that JWST has very significant potential for advancing Titan science, with a spectral resolution exceeding the Cassini instrument suite at near-infrared wavelengths and a spatial resolution exceeding HST at the same wavelengths. In particular, JWST will be valuable for time-domain monitoring of Titan, given a five-to ten-year expected lifetime for the observatory, for example, monitoring the seasonal appearance of clouds. JWST observations in the post-Cassini period will complement those of other large facilities such as HST, ALMA, SOFIA, and next-generation ground-based telescopes (TMT, GMT, EELT). C1 [Nixon, Conor A.; Achterberg, Richard K.; Bjoraker, Gordon L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Achterberg, Richard K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Adamkovics, Mate] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bezard, Bruno; Lellouch, Emmanuel] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS, PSL Res Univ,Univ Paris Diderot,Observ Paris,LESI, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Cornet, Thomas] ESA ESAC, POB 78, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Hayes, Alexander G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Agron, Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lemmon, Mark T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lopez-Puertas, Manuel] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astronom S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CNRS UMR 7158, Lab Astrophys Instrumentat & Modelisat AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sotin, Christophe; West, Robert A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Teanby, Nicholas A.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Nixon, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM conor.a.nixon@nasa.gov RI Nixon, Conor/A-8531-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016; Cornet, Thomas/E-7539-2017; OI Nixon, Conor/0000-0001-9540-9121; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641; Cornet, Thomas/0000-0001-5971-0056; Lopez-Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734 FU UK Science and Technology Facilities Council; UK Space Agency; French "Agence Nationale de la Recherche" (ANR), France [11BS56002]; ESA Research Fellowship Programme in Space Science; Spanish MCINN [AYA2011-23552, ESP2014-54362-P]; NASA [NNX14AG82G, NNX12AM81G] FX The authors wish to express their thanks to Stefanie Milam, Dean Hines, and John Stansberry of the Solar System Working Group (SSWG), and Pierre Ferruit (ESA/NIRSpec) for answering technical questions and giving helpful feedback during the writing of this paper. Don Jennings supplied the CIRS Titan spectrum (Figure 15). A. Adriani, M. L. Moriconi, and B. M. Dinelli assisted by supplying the Cassini VIMS limb data in Figures 18 and 19. N.A.T. is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council and the UK Space Agency. S.R. acknowledges financial support from the French "Agence Nationale de la Recherche" (ANR Project: CH4@Titan and ANR project "APOSTIC" #11BS56002), France. T.C. is funded by the ESA Research Fellowship Programme in Space Science. M.L.-P. was supported by the Spanish MCINN under grants AYA2011-23552 and ESP2014-54362-P. M.A. was supported by NASA grants NNX14AG82G and NNX12AM81G. The authors are grateful to one anonymous reviewer for very helpful comments and feedback. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 959 AR UNSP 018007 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018007 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO1JL UT WOS:000377534200008 ER PT J AU Norwood, J Moses, J Fletcher, LN Orton, G Irwin, PGJ Atreya, S Rages, K Cavalie, T Sanchez-Lavega, A Hueso, R Chanover, N AF Norwood, James Moses, Julianne Fletcher, Leigh N. Orton, Glenn Irwin, Patrick G. J. Atreya, Sushil Rages, Kathy Cavalie, Thibault Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin Hueso, Ricardo Chanover, Nancy TI Giant Planet Observations with the James Webb Space Telescope SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: gaseous planets; techniques: miscellaneous; telescopes ID SATURNS GREAT STORM; ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; NEPTUNES STRATOSPHERE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; URANUS; SPECTROSCOPY; METHANE; CO; WAVELENGTH AB This white paper examines the benefit of the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) for studies of the Solar System's four giant planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. JWST's superior sensitivity, combined with high spatial and spectral resolution, will enable near-and mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy of these objects with unprecedented quality. In this paper, we discuss some of the myriad scientific investigations possible with JWST regarding the giant planets. This discussion is preceded by the specifics of JWST instrumentation most relevant to giant-planet observations. We conclude with identification of desired pre-launch testing and operational aspects of JWST that would greatly benefit future studies of the giant planets. C1 [Norwood, James; Chanover, Nancy] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Box 30001 MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Moses, Julianne] Space Sci Inst, 4750 Walnut St,Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Fletcher, Leigh N.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Orton, Glenn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 183-501, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Irwin, Patrick G. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Atreya, Sushil] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rages, Kathy] SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Cavalie, Thibault] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LESIA,UPMC, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin; Hueso, Ricardo] Univ Basque Country, Fis Aplicada 1, ETS Ingn, EHU, Alameda Urquijo S-N, Bilbao 48013, Spain. RP Norwood, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Box 30001 MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jnorwood@nmsu.edu; jmoses@spacescience.org; leigh.fletcher@le.ac.uk; Glenn.S.Orton@jpl.nasa.gov; patrick.irwin@physics.ox.ac.uk; atreya@umich.edu; krages@seti.org; thibault.cavalie@obspm.fr; ricardo.hueso@ehu.es; nchanove@nmsu.edu RI Moses, Julianne/I-2151-2013; OI Moses, Julianne/0000-0002-8837-0035; Hueso, Ricardo/0000-0003-0169-123X NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 959 AR 018005 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018005 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO1JL UT WOS:000377534200006 ER PT J AU Rivkin, AS Marchis, F Stansberry, JA Takir, D Thomas, C AF Rivkin, Andrew S. Marchis, Franck Stansberry, John A. Takir, Driss Thomas, Cristina CA JWST Asteroids Focus Grp TI Asteroids and the James Webb Space Telescope SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE minor planets, asteroids: general ID TROJAN ASTEROIDS; 2 PALLAS; 4 VESTA; BELT; IMAGES; ORIGIN; SHAPE AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) provides the opportunity for ground-breaking observations of asteroids. It covers wavelength regions that are unavailable from the ground and does so with unprecedented sensitivity. The main belt and Trojan asteroids are all observable at some point in the JWST lifetime. We present an overview of the capabilities for JWST and how they apply to the asteroids as well as some short science cases that take advantage of these capabilities. C1 [Rivkin, Andrew S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11101 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Marchis, Franck] SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Stansberry, John A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Takir, Driss] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Thomas, Cristina] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thomas, Cristina] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Postdoctoral Program, POB 117,MS 36, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thomas, Cristina] Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Rivkin, AS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11101 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM andy.rivkin@jhuapl.edu; fmarchis@seti.org; jstans@stsci.edu; dtakir@usgs.gov; cristina.a.thomas@nasa.gov FU NASA Planetary Astronomy Grant [NNX14AJ39G]; NSF Planetary Astronomy Award [1313144] FX A.S.R. would like to acknowledge support from NASA Planetary Astronomy Grant NNX14AJ39G and NSF Planetary Astronomy Award 1313144. The authors would like to thank members of the JWST Project at NASA Goddard and staff members at STScI for information and review of this manuscript. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 959 AR 018003 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018003 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO1JL UT WOS:000377534200004 ER PT J AU Santos-Sanz, P French, RG Pinilla-Alonso, N Stansberry, J Lin, ZY Zhang, ZW Vilenius, E Muller, T Ortiz, JL Braga-Ribas, F Bosh, A Duffard, R Lellouch, E Tancredi, G Young, L Milam, SN AF Santos-Sanz, P. French, R. G. Pinilla-Alonso, N. Stansberry, J. Lin, Z-Y. Zhang, Z-W. Vilenius, E. Mueller, Th. Ortiz, J. L. Braga-Ribas, F. Bosh, A. Duffard, R. Lellouch, E. Tancredi, G. Young, L. Milam, Stefanie N. CA JWST Occultations Focus Grp TI James Webb Space Telescope Observations of Stellar Occultations by Solar System Bodies and Rings SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE Kuiper belt: general; methods: observational; occultations; planets and satellites: rings; techniques: photometric; telescopes ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; TRANS-NEPTUNIAN BELT; ICE RICH SURFACE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; HERSCHEL-PACS; COLLISIONAL EVOLUTION; VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; PLUTO; TNOS AB In this paper, we investigate the opportunities provided by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) for significant scientific advances in the study of Solar System bodies and rings using stellar occultations. The strengths and weaknesses of the stellar occultation technique are evaluated in light of JWST's unique capabilities. We identify several possible JWST occultation events by minor bodies and rings and evaluate their potential scientific value. These predictions depend critically on accurate a priori knowledge of the orbit of JWST near the Sun-Earth Lagrange point 2 (L2). We also explore the possibility of serendipitous stellar occultations by very small minor bodies as a byproduct of other JWST observing programs. Finally, to optimize the potential scientific return of stellar occultation observations, we identify several characteristics of JWST's orbit and instrumentation that should be taken into account during JWST's development. C1 [Santos-Sanz, P.; Ortiz, J. L.; Duffard, R.] CSIC, IAA, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [French, R. G.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Astron, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. [Pinilla-Alonso, N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Stansberry, J.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lin, Z-Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan. [Zhang, Z-W.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Vilenius, E.; Mueller, Th.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Vilenius, E.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Gottingen, Germany. [Braga-Ribas, F.] Fed Univ Technol Parana UTFPR DAFIS, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Bosh, A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Lellouch, E.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Observ Paris, Univ Paris Diderot,LESIA, Meudon, France. [Tancredi, G.] Fac Ciencias, Dept Astron, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Young, L.] SwRI, 1050 Walnut St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Milam, Stefanie N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Santos-Sanz, P (reprint author), CSIC, IAA, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain. EM psantos@iaa.es; rfrench@wellesley.edu; npinilla@utk.edu; jstans@stsci.edu; zylin@gm.astro.ncu.edu.tw; zwzhang@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; vilenius@mps.mpg.de; tmueller@mpe.mpg.de; ortiz@iaa.es; ribas@on.br; asbosh@mit.edu; duffard@iaa.es; emmanuel.lellouch@obspm.fr; gonzalo@fisica.edu.uy; layoung@boulder.swri.edu; stefanie.n.milam@nasa.gov FU Spanish grant [AYA-2014-56637-C2-1-P]; Proyecto de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucia [2012-FQM1776]; Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [NSC 102-2112-M-008-013-MY3]; MINECO FX We acknowledge the technical support and advice for this work from the JWST project. P.S-S., J.L.O., and R.D acknowledge the funding from the Spanish grant AYA-2014-56637-C2-1-P and from the Proyecto de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucia 2012-FQM1776. FEDER funds are also acknowledged. Z-Y.L. acknowledges the support by grant number NSC 102-2112-M-008-013-MY3 from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan. R.D. acknowledges the support of MINECO for his Ramon y Cajal Contract. Finally, we thank an anonymous referee for helpful suggestions and comments that improved the final manuscript. NR 95 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 959 AR 018011 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018011 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO1JL UT WOS:000377534200012 ER PT J AU Thomas, CA Abell, P Castillo-Rogez, J Moskovitz, N Mueller, M Reddy, V Rivkin, A Ryan, E Stansberry, J AF Thomas, Cristina A. Abell, Paul Castillo-Rogez, Julie Moskovitz, Nicholas Mueller, Michael Reddy, Vishnu Rivkin, Andrew Ryan, Erin Stansberry, John TI Observing Near-Earth Objects with the James Webb Space Telescope SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE minor planets, asteroids: general; telescopes ID ASTEROIDS; ALBEDO AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has the potential to enhance our understanding of near-Earth objects (NEOs). We present results of investigations into the observability of NEOs given the nominal observing requirements of JWST on elongation (85 degrees-135 degrees) and non-sidereal rates (<30 mas s(-1)). We find that approximately 75% of NEOs can be observed in a given year. However, observers will need to wait for appropriate observing windows. We find that JWST can easily execute photometric observations of meter-sized NEOs that will enhance our understanding of the small NEO population. C1 [Thomas, Cristina A.; Ryan, Erin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thomas, Cristina A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. [Thomas, Cristina A.; Reddy, Vishnu] Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Abell, Paul] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Castillo-Rogez, Julie] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. [Moskovitz, Nicholas] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Mueller, Michael] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, Postbus 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Mueller, Michael] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Astrophys Res Grp, Postbus 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Rivkin, Andrew] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Ryan, Erin] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stansberry, John] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Thomas, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Thomas, CA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA.; Thomas, CA (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 East Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM cristina.a.thomas@nasa.gov OI Mueller, Michael/0000-0003-3217-5385 FU NASA FX C.A. Thomas was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administrated by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The authors would like to thank the JWST project for their technical support and advice in support of this manuscript. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 959 AR 018002 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018002 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO1JL UT WOS:000377534200003 ER PT J AU Tiscareno, MS Showalter, MR French, RG Burns, JA Cuzzi, JN de Pater, I Hamilton, DP Hedman, MM Nicholson, PD Tamayo, D Verbiscer, AJ Milam, SN Stansberry, JA AF Tiscareno, Matthew S. Showalter, Mark R. French, Richard G. Burns, Joseph A. Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. de Pater, Imke Hamilton, Douglas P. Hedman, Matthew M. Nicholson, Philip D. Tamayo, Daniel Verbiscer, Anne J. Milam, Stefanie N. Stansberry, John A. TI Observing Planetary Rings and Small Satellites with the James Webb Space Telescope: Science Justification and Observation Requirements SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE methods: observational; planets and satellites: general; planets and satellites: rings; telescopes ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; SATURNS B-RING; STELLAR OCCULTATION; HST OBSERVATIONS; ORBITAL MOTION; 2060 CHIRON; C RING; SYSTEM; MOONS; URANUS AB The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will provide unprecedented opportunities to observe the rings and small satellites in our Solar System, accomplishing three primary objectives: (1). discovering new rings and moons, (2). unprecedented spectroscopy, and (3). time-domain observations. We give details on these science objectives and describe requirements that JWST must fulfill in order to accomplish the science objectives. C1 [Tiscareno, Matthew S.; Burns, Joseph A.; Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Tiscareno, Matthew S.; Showalter, Mark R.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [French, Richard G.] Wellesley Coll, Wellesley, MA 02181 USA. [Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [de Pater, Imke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hamilton, Douglas P.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hedman, Matthew M.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Tamayo, Daniel] Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Verbiscer, Anne J.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, CA USA. [Milam, Stefanie N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Stansberry, John A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Tiscareno, MS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 959 AR 018008 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018008 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO1JL UT WOS:000377534200009 ER PT J AU Villanueva, GL Altieri, F Clancy, RT Encrenaz, T Fouchet, T Hartogh, P Lellouch, E Lopez-Valverde, MA Mumma, MJ Novak, RE Smith, MD Vandaele, AC Wolff, MJ Ferruit, P Milam, SN AF Villanueva, Geronimo L. Altieri, Francesca Clancy, R. Todd Encrenaz, Therese Fouchet, Thierry Hartogh, Paul Lellouch, Emmanuel Lopez-Valverde, Miguel A. Mumma, Michael J. Novak, Robert E. Smith, Michael D. Vandaele, Ann-Carine Wolff, Michael J. Ferruit, Pierre Milam, Stefanie N. TI Unique Spectroscopy and Imaging of Mars with the James Webb Space Telescope SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE infrared: planetary systems; planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: surfaces; techniques: spectroscopic; methods: observational ID WATER-ICE CLOUDS; THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; MU-M; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SENSITIVE SEARCH AB In this paper, we summarize the main capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) for performing observations of Mars. The distinctive vantage point of JWST at the Sun-Earth Lagrange point (L2) will allow sampling the full observable disk, permitting the study of short-term phenomena, diurnal processes (across the east-west axis), and latitudinal processes between the hemispheres (including seasonal effects) with excellent spatial resolutions (0."07 at 2 mu m). Spectroscopic observations will be achievable in the 0.7-5 mu m spectral region with NIRSpec at a maximum resolving power of 2700 and with 8000 in the 1-1.25 mu m range. Imaging will be attainable with the Near-Infrared Camera at 4.3 mu m and with two narrow filters near 2 mu m, while the nightside will be accessible with several filters in 0.5 to 2 mu m. Such a powerful suite of instruments will be a major asset for the exploration and characterization of Mars. Some science cases include the mapping of the water D/H ratio, investigations of the Martian mesosphere via the characterization of the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium CO2 emission at 4.3 mu m, studies of chemical transport via observations of the O-2 nightglow at 1.27 mu m, high-cadence mapping of the variability dust and water-ice clouds, and sensitive searches for trace species and hydrated features on the Martian surface. In-flight characterization of the instruments may allow for additional science opportunities. C1 [Villanueva, Geronimo L.] NASA, CUA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Altieri, Francesca] INAF, IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Clancy, R. Todd; Wolff, Michael J.] SSI, 4750 Walnut St,Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Encrenaz, Therese; Fouchet, Thierry; Lellouch, Emmanuel] Obs Paris, CNRS, LESIA, 5 Pl J Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Hartogh, Paul] MPS, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Lopez-Valverde, Miguel A.] CSIC, IAA, Apdo 3004, Granada, Spain. [Mumma, Michael J.; Smith, Michael D.; Milam, Stefanie N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Novak, Robert E.] Iona Coll, Dept Phys, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. [Vandaele, Ann-Carine] BISA, Planetary Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Ferruit, Pierre] ESA, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Villanueva, GL (reprint author), NASA, CUA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM geronimo.villanueva@nasa.gov RI Fouchet, Thierry/C-6374-2017; OI Fouchet, Thierry/0000-0001-9040-8285; Lopez-Valverde, M. A./0000-0002-7989-4267 NR 116 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 128 IS 959 AR 018004 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018004 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO1JL UT WOS:000377534200005 ER PT J AU Huneeus, N Basart, S Fiedler, S Morcrette, JJ Benedetti, A Mulcahy, J Terradellas, E Garcia-Pando, CP Pejanovic, G Nickovic, S Arsenovic, P Schulz, M Cuevas, E Baldasano, JM Pey, J Remy, S Cvetkovic, B AF Huneeus, N. Basart, S. Fiedler, S. Morcrette, J. -J. Benedetti, A. Mulcahy, J. Terradellas, E. Garcia-Pando, C. Perez Pejanovic, G. Nickovic, S. Arsenovic, P. Schulz, M. Cuevas, E. Baldasano, J. M. Pey, J. Remy, S. Cvetkovic, B. TI Forecasting the northern African dust outbreak towards Europe in April 2011: a model intercomparison SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; AEROSOL CHARACTERIZATION; RADIATIVE IMPACT; MIDDLE-EAST; DESERT DUST; SYSTEM; CYCLE AB In the framework of the World Meteorological Organisation's Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System, we evaluated the predictions of five state-of-the-art dust forecast models during an intense Saharan dust outbreak affecting western and northern Europe in April 2011. We assessed the capacity of the models to predict the evolution of the dust cloud with lead times of up to 72aEuro-h using observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and dust surface concentrations from a ground-based measurement network. In addition, the predicted vertical dust distribution was evaluated with vertical extinction profiles from the Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). To assess the diversity in forecast capability among the models, the analysis was extended to wind field (both surface and profile), synoptic conditions, emissions and deposition fluxes. Models predict the onset and evolution of the AOD for all analysed lead times. On average, differences among the models are larger than differences among lead times for each individual model. In spite of large differences in emission and deposition, the models present comparable skill for AOD. In general, models are better in predicting AOD than near-surface dust concentration over the Iberian Peninsula. Models tend to underestimate the long-range transport towards northern Europe. Our analysis suggests that this is partly due to difficulties in simulating the vertical distribution dust and horizontal wind. Differences in the size distribution and wet scavenging efficiency may also account for model diversity in long-range transport. C1 [Huneeus, N.] UPMC, CNRS, IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France. [Huneeus, N.] Univ Chile, Dept Geophys, Santiago, Chile. [Huneeus, N.] Univ Chile, Ctr Climate & Resilience Res, Santiago, Chile. [Basart, S.; Baldasano, J. M.] BSC CNS, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Earth Sci Dept, Barcelona, Spain. [Fiedler, S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Fiedler, S.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Morcrette, J. -J.; Benedetti, A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Mulcahy, J.] Met Off, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Terradellas, E.] Meteorol State Agcy Spain AEMET, Barcelona, Spain. [Garcia-Pando, C. Perez] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Garcia-Pando, C. Perez] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Pejanovic, G.; Nickovic, S.; Arsenovic, P.; Cvetkovic, B.] Natl Hydrometeorol Serv, Belgrade, Serbia. [Nickovic, S.; Pey, J.] Spanish Res Council, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona, Spain. [Arsenovic, P.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Schulz, M.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Cuevas, E.] State Meteorol Agcy Spain AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain. [Baldasano, J. M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Environm Modelling Lab, Barcelona, Spain. [Pey, J.] Geol Survey Spain IGME, Zaragoza, Spain. [Fiedler, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Remy, S.] UPMC, CNRS, IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France. RP Huneeus, N (reprint author), UPMC, CNRS, IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France.; Huneeus, N (reprint author), Univ Chile, Dept Geophys, Santiago, Chile.; Huneeus, N (reprint author), Univ Chile, Ctr Climate & Resilience Res, Santiago, Chile. EM nhuneeus@dgf.uchile.cl RI Huneeus, Nicolas/J-4994-2016; Cuevas, Emilio/L-2109-2013; Pey Betran, Jorge/F-6902-2015; OI Cuevas, Emilio/0000-0003-1843-8302; Pey Betran, Jorge/0000-0002-5015-1742; Basart, Sara/0000-0002-9821-8504; Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos/0000-0002-4456-0697; Fiedler, Stephanie/0000-0001-8898-9949; Huneeus, Nicolas/0000-0002-6214-5518 FU AERONET-Europe TNA (EU-ACTRIS grant) [262254]; CICYT project [CGL2010-19652, CGL2013-46736]; Severo Ochoa programme of the Spanish Government [SEV-2011-00067]; European Research Council [257543]; LIFE Programme of the European Commission [LIFE10 ENV/IT/327]; Ramon y Cajal Grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [RYC-2013-14159]; MACC-II by the European Commission under the EU [283576]; MACC-III by the European Community [633080] FX The authors acknowledge AERONET (http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov) and thank the PIs of the AERONET stations used in this paper for maintaining the observation program and the AERONET-Europe TNA (EU-ACTRIS grant no. 262254) for contributing to calibration efforts. We also acknowledge the MERRA, CALIPSO and MODIS mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort. MODIS data used in this paper were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. S. Basart acknowledges the Catalan Government (BE-DGR-2012) as well as the CICYT project (CGL2010-19652 and CGL2013-46736) and Severo Ochoa (SEV-2011-00067) programme of the Spanish Government. The NMMB/BSC-Dust and BSC-DREAM8b simulations were performed on the MareNostrum supercomputer hosted by BSC. Stephanie Fiedler acknowledges the funding of the European Research Council through the starting grant of Peter Knippertz (no. 257543). Nicolas Huneeus acknowledges FONDAP 15110009 and FONDECYT 1150873. The database on dust concentrations at ground level was produced in the framework of the Grant Agreement LIFE10 ENV/IT/327 from the LIFE Programme of the European Commission. J. Pey has been partially funded by a Ramon y Cajal Grant (RYC-2013-14159) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Carlos Perez Garcia-Pando acknowledges the Department of Energy (DE-SC0006713) and the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program. The work was partly funded within MACC-II by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme, contract number 283576 and MACC-III by the European Community's Horizon 2020 Programme under grant agreement no. 633080. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 4967 EP 4986 DI 10.5194/acp-16-4967-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BK UT WOS:000376937000014 ER PT J AU Brock, CA Wagner, NL Anderson, BE Attwood, AR Beyersdorf, A Campuzano-Jost, P Carlton, AG Day, DA Diskin, GS Gordon, TD Jimenez, JL Lack, DA Liao, J Markovic, MZ Middlebrook, AM Ng, NL Perring, AE Richardson, MS Schwarz, JP Washenfelder, RA Welti, A Xu, L Ziemba, LD Murphy, DM AF Brock, Charles A. Wagner, Nicholas L. Anderson, Bruce E. Attwood, Alexis R. Beyersdorf, Andreas Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Carlton, Annmarie G. Day, Douglas A. Diskin, Glenn S. Gordon, Timothy D. Jimenez, Jose L. Lack, Daniel A. Liao, Jin Markovic, Milos Z. Middlebrook, Ann M. Ng, Nga L. Perring, Anne E. Richardson, Matthews S. Schwarz, Joshua P. Washenfelder, Rebecca A. Welti, Andre Xu, Lu Ziemba, Luke D. Murphy, Daniel M. TI Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer - Part 1: Hygroscopic growth SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; IN-SITU; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; PARTICULATE MATTER; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MASS-SPECTROMETER AB Aircraft observations of meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol properties were made during May-September 2013 in the southeastern United States (US) under fair-weather, afternoon conditions with well-defined planetary boundary layer structure. Optical extinction at 532aEuro-nm was directly measured at relative humidities (RHs) of aEuro-15, aEuro-70, and aEuro-90aEuro-% and compared with extinction calculated from measurements of aerosol composition and size distribution using the kappa-Kohler approximation for hygroscopic growth. The calculated enhancement in hydrated aerosol extinction with relative humidity, f(RH), calculated by this method agreed well with the observed f(RH) at aEuro-90aEuro-% RH. The dominance of organic aerosol, which comprised 65aEuro-+/- aEuro-10aEuro-% of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < aEuro-1aEuro-A mu m in the planetary boundary layer, resulted in relatively low f(RH) values of 1.43aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.67 at 70aEuro-% RH and 2.28aEuro-+/- aEuro-1.05 at 90aEuro-% RH. The subsaturated kappa-Kohler hygroscopicity parameter kappa for the organic fraction of the aerosol must have been < aEuro-0.10 to be consistent with 75aEuro-% of the observations within uncertainties, with a best estimate of kappa aEuro- = aEuro-0.05. This subsaturated kappa value for the organic aerosol in the southeastern US is broadly consistent with field studies in rural environments. A new, physically based, single-parameter representation was developed that better described f(RH) than did the widely used gamma power-law approximation. C1 [Brock, Charles A.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Attwood, Alexis R.; Gordon, Timothy D.; Lack, Daniel A.; Liao, Jin; Markovic, Milos Z.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Perring, Anne E.; Richardson, Matthews S.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Welti, Andre; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wagner, Nicholas L.; Attwood, Alexis R.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Gordon, Timothy D.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Lack, Daniel A.; Liao, Jin; Markovic, Milos Z.; Perring, Anne E.; Richardson, Matthews S.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Welti, Andre] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Bruce E.; Beyersdorf, Andreas; Diskin, Glenn S.; Ziemba, Luke D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carlton, Annmarie G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Ng, Nga L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ng, Nga L.; Xu, Lu] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Attwood, Alexis R.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Gordon, Timothy D.] Handix Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lack, Daniel A.] TEAC Consulting, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Liao, Jin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Markovic, Milos Z.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Welti, Andre] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Dept Phys, Leipzig, Germany. RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM charles.a.brock@noaa.gov RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Programs; NASA [NNX12AC03G/NNX15AH33A]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1242155, AGS-1242258]; EPA [R834799] FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Programs. Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, and Jose L. Jimenez were supported by NASA award NNX12AC03G/NNX15AH33A and NSF award AGS-1243354. Annmarie G. Carlton was supported by NSF award AGS-1242155. Lu Xu and Nga L. Ng were supported by EPA award R834799 and NSF award AGS-1242258. NR 95 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 4987 EP 5007 DI 10.5194/acp-16-4987-2016 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BK UT WOS:000376937000015 ER PT J AU Brock, CA Wagner, NL Anderson, BE Beyersdorf, A Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA Diskin, GS Gordon, TD Jimenez, JL Lack, DA Liao, J Markovic, MZ Middlebrook, AM Perring, AE Richardson, MS Schwarz, JP Welti, A Ziemba, LD Murphy, DM AF Brock, Charles A. Wagner, Nicholas L. Anderson, Bruce E. Beyersdorf, Andreas Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Day, Douglas A. Diskin, Glenn S. Gordon, Timothy D. Jimenez, Jose L. Lack, Daniel A. Liao, Jin Markovic, Milos Z. Middlebrook, Ann M. Perring, Anne E. Richardson, Matthews S. Schwarz, Joshua P. Welti, Andre Ziemba, Luke D. Murphy, Daniel M. TI Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer - Part 2: Sensitivity of aerosol optical depth to relative humidity and aerosol parameters SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION MODEL ASSESSMENT; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; IN-SITU; SULFATE AEROSOL; AIR-QUALITY; CLIMATE; SIZE; CLOUD; AIRCRAFT AB Aircraft observations of meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol properties were made between May and September 2013 in the southeastern United States (US). Regionally representative aggregate vertical profiles of median and interdecile ranges of the measured parameters were constructed from 37 individual aircraft profiles made in the afternoon when a well-mixed boundary layer with typical fair-weather cumulus was present (Wagner et al., 2015). We use these 0-4aEuro-km aggregate profiles and a simple model to calculate the sensitivity of aerosol optical depth (AOD) to changes in dry aerosol mass, relative humidity, mixed-layer height, the central diameter and width of the particle size distribution, hygroscopicity, and dry and wet refractive index, while holding the other parameters constant. The calculated sensitivity is a result of both the intrinsic sensitivity and the observed range of variation in these parameters. These observationally based sensitivity studies indicate that the relationship between AOD and dry aerosol mass in these conditions in the southeastern US can be highly variable and is especially sensitive to relative humidity (RH). For example, calculated AOD ranged from 0.137 to 0.305 as the RH was varied between the 10th and 90th percentile profiles with dry aerosol mass held constant. Calculated AOD was somewhat less sensitive to aerosol hygroscopicity, mean size, and geometric standard deviation, sigma(g). However, some chemistry-climate models prescribe values of sigma(g) substantially larger than we or others observe, leading to potential high biases in model-calculated AOD of aEuro-25aEuro-%. Finally, AOD was least sensitive to observed variations in dry and wet aerosol refractive index and to changes in the height of the well-mixed surface layer. We expect these findings to be applicable to other moderately polluted and background continental air masses in which an accumulation mode between 0.1-0.5aEuro-A mu m diameter dominates aerosol extinction. C1 [Brock, Charles A.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Gordon, Timothy D.; Lack, Daniel A.; Liao, Jin; Markovic, Milos Z.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Perring, Anne E.; Richardson, Matthews S.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Welti, Andre; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wagner, Nicholas L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Gordon, Timothy D.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Lack, Daniel A.; Liao, Jin; Markovic, Milos Z.; Perring, Anne E.; Richardson, Matthews S.; Welti, Andre] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Bruce E.; Beyersdorf, Andreas; Diskin, Glenn S.; Ziemba, Luke D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gordon, Timothy D.] Handix Sci LLC, Boulder, CO USA. [Lack, Daniel A.] TEAC Consulting, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Liao, Jin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Markovic, Milos Z.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Welti, Andre] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Dept Phys, Leipzig, Germany. RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM charles.a.brock@noaa.gov RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Programs; NASA [NNX12AC03G/NNX15AH33A]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1242155] FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Programs. Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, and Jose L. Jimenez were supported by NASA award NNX12AC03G/NNX15AH33A and NSF award AGS-1243354. Annmarie G. Carlton was supported by NSF award AGS-1242155. We thank Gary Gimmestad and Brad Gingrey for their effort in establishing and maintaining the Georgia Tech and SEARCH-Centreville AERONET sites, respectively. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 5009 EP 5019 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5009-2016 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BK UT WOS:000376937000016 ER PT J AU Holz, RE Platnick, S Meyer, K Vaughan, M Heidinger, A Yang, P Wind, G Dutcher, S Ackerman, S Amarasinghe, N Nagle, F Wang, CX AF Holz, Robert E. Platnick, Steven Meyer, Kerry Vaughan, Mark Heidinger, Andrew Yang, Ping Wind, Gala Dutcher, Steven Ackerman, Steven Amarasinghe, Nandana Nagle, Fredrick Wang, Chenxi TI Resolving ice cloud optical thickness biases between CALIOP and MODIS using infrared retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INHOMOGENEOUS HEXAGONAL MONOCRYSTALS; ADEOS-POLDER MEASUREMENTS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; CALIPSO LIDAR; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PART II; POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; WATER-VAPOR AB Despite its importance as one of the key radiative properties that determines the impact of upper tropospheric clouds on the radiation balance, ice cloud optical thickness (IOT) has proven to be one of the more challenging properties to retrieve from space-based remote sensing measurements. In particular, optically thin upper tropospheric ice clouds (cirrus) have been especially challenging due to their tenuous nature, extensive spatial scales, and complex particle shapes and light-scattering characteristics. The lack of independent validation motivates the investigation presented in this paper, wherein systematic biases between MODIS Collection 5 (C5) and CALIOP Version 3 (V3) unconstrained retrievals of tenuous IOT (< 3) are examined using a month of collocated A-Train observations. An initial comparison revealed a factor of 2 bias between the MODIS and CALIOP IOT retrievals. This bias is investigated using an infrared (IR) radiative closure approach that compares both products with MODIS IR cirrus retrievals developed for this assessment. The analysis finds that both the MODIS C5 and the unconstrained CALIOP V3 retrievals are biased (high and low, respectively) relative to the IR IOT retrievals. Based on this finding, the MODIS and CALIOP algorithms are investigated with the goal of explaining and minimizing the biases relative to the IR. For MODIS we find that the assumed ice single-scattering properties used for the C5 retrievals are not consistent with the mean IR COT distribution. The C5 ice scattering database results in the asymmetry parameter (g) varying as a function of effective radius with mean values that are too large. The MODIS retrievals have been brought into agreement with the IR by adopting a new ice scattering model for Collection 6 (C6) consisting of a modified gamma distribution comprised of a single habit (severely roughened aggregated columns); the C6 ice cloud optical property models have a constant g a parts per thousand 0.75 in the mid-visible spectrum, 5-15aEuro-% smaller than C5. For CALIOP, the assumed lidar ratio for unconstrained retrievals is fixed at 25aEuro-sr for the V3 data products. This value is found to be inconsistent with the constrained (predominantly nighttime) CALIOP retrievals. An experimental data set was produced using a modified lidar ratio of 32aEuro-sr for the unconstrained retrievals (an increase of 28aEuro-%), selected to provide consistency with the constrained V3 results. These modifications greatly improve the agreement with the IR and provide consistency between the MODIS and CALIOP products. Based on these results the recently released MODIS C6 optical products use the single-habit distribution given above, while the upcoming CALIOP V4 unconstrained algorithm will use higher lidar ratios for unconstrained retrievals. C1 [Holz, Robert E.; Dutcher, Steven; Ackerman, Steven; Nagle, Fredrick] Univ Wisconsin, Madison Space Sci & Engn Cent, Madison, WI USA. [Platnick, Steven] NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Meyer, Kerry] GESTAR USRA, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Vaughan, Mark] NASA Langley, Langley, VA USA. [Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA, Madison, WI USA. [Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Wind, Gala; Amarasinghe, Nandana] SSAI, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wang, Chenxi] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Holz, RE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison Space Sci & Engn Cent, Madison, WI USA. EM reholz@ssec.wisc.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016 OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200 FU NASA [NNX15AG12G]; NASA Langley [SSAI Task A-014 E-001D] FX We would like to acknowledge the NASA University of Wisconsin Atmospheric PEATE/SIPS, which provided the processing and data accessed needed to conduct this research. We would also like to thank the CALIOP and MODIS algorithm teams for their support. This research was funded by NASA grant NNX15AG12G and NASA Langley Contract SSAI Task A-014 E-001D. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 5075 EP 5090 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5075-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BK UT WOS:000376937000020 ER PT J AU Pistone, K Praveen, PS Thomas, RM Ramanathan, V Wilcox, EM Bender, FAM AF Pistone, Kristina Praveen, Puppala S. Thomas, Rick M. Ramanathan, Veerabhadran Wilcox, Eric M. Bender, Frida A. -M. TI Observed correlations between aerosol and cloud properties in an Indian Ocean trade cumulus regime SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES; SOLAR ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; MICROPHYSICS; ALBEDO; SYSTEM; ASIA AB There are many contributing factors which determine the micro- and macrophysical properties of clouds, including atmospheric vertical structure, dominant meteorological conditions, and aerosol concentration, all of which may be coupled to one another. In the quest to determine aerosol effects on clouds, these potential relationships must be understood. Here we describe several observed correlations between aerosol conditions and cloud and atmospheric properties in the Indian Ocean winter monsoon season. In the CARDEX (Cloud, Aerosol, Radiative forcing, Dynamics EXperiment) field campaign conducted in February and March 2012 in the northern Indian Ocean, continuous measurements were made of atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) and the liquid water path (LWP) of trade cumulus clouds, concurrent with measurements of water vapor flux, cloud and aerosol vertical profiles, meteorological data, and surface and total-column aerosol from instrumentation at a ground observatory and on small unmanned aircraft. We present observations which indicate a positive correlation between aerosol and cloud LWP only when considering cases with low atmospheric water vapor (PWV < 40aEuro-kg m(-2)), a criterion which acts to filter the data to control for the natural meteorological variability in the region. We then use the aircraft and ground-based measurements to explore possible mechanisms behind this observed aerosol-LWP correlation. The increase in cloud liquid water is found to coincide with a lowering of the cloud base, which is itself attributable to increased boundary layer humidity in polluted conditions. High pollution is found to correlate with both higher temperatures and higher humidity measured throughout the boundary layer. A large-scale analysis, using satellite observations and meteorological reanalysis, corroborates these covariations: high-pollution cases are shown to originate as a highly polluted boundary layer air mass approaching the observatory from a northwesterly direction. The source air mass exhibits both higher temperatures and higher humidity in the polluted cases. While the warmer temperatures may be attributable to aerosol absorption of solar radiation over the subcontinent, the factors responsible for the coincident high humidity are less evident: the high-aerosol conditions are observed to disperse with air mass evolution, along with a weakening of the high-temperature anomaly, while the high-humidity condition is observed to strengthen in magnitude as the polluted air mass moves over the ocean toward the site of the CARDEX observations. Potential causal mechanisms of the observed correlations, including meteorological or aerosol-induced factors, are explored, though future research will be needed for a more complete and quantitative understanding of the aerosol-humidity relationship. C1 [Pistone, Kristina; Praveen, Puppala S.; Thomas, Rick M.; Ramanathan, Veerabhadran] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wilcox, Eric M.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Bender, Frida A. -M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bender, Frida A. -M.] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Pistone, Kristina] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Pistone, Kristina] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Praveen, Puppala S.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Thomas, Rick M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RP Pistone, K (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Pistone, K (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Pistone, K (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. EM kristina.pistone@fulbrightmail.org FU National Science Foundation [ATM07-21142]; Desert Research Institute, Stockholm University; Argonne National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Desert Research Institute; NASA [NNX11AG89G] FX The CARDEX field campaign was sponsored and funded by the National Science Foundation Grant ATM07-21142 and conducted by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California at San Diego in collaboration with the Desert Research Institute, Stockholm University, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry. Eric M. Wilcox was supported by the Desert Research Institute and NASA grant NNX11AG89G. Veerabhadran Ramanathan is the principal investigator of CARDEX, Eric M. Wilcox is the Co-PI, and H. Nguyen was the field director who conducted the campaign with full support by the government of the Maldives. We also thank the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program for use of the microwave radiometer as well as helpful technical advice. Full details of the CARDEX campaign can be found at http://www-ramanathan.ucsd.edu/files/CARDEX_prop_Jun_20.pdf. This study is Paper no. 3 from the CARDEX campaign. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 5203 EP 5227 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5203-2016 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BK UT WOS:000376937000027 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Shindell, DT Faluvegi, G Pinder, RW AF Lee, Yunha Shindell, Drew T. Faluvegi, Greg Pinder, Rob W. TI Potential impact of a US climate policy and air quality regulations on future air quality and climate change SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; AEROSOL MICROPHYSICS MODEL; IMPULSE-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SURFACE OZONE; BLACK CARBON; GISS MODELE; LUNG-CANCER; CO-BENEFITS; SIMULATIONS AB We have investigated how future air quality and climate change are influenced by the US air quality regulations that existed or were proposed in 2013 and a hypothetical climate mitigation policy that aims to reduce 2050 CO2 emissions to be 50aEuro-% below 2005 emissions. Using the NASA GISS ModelE2 general circulation model, we look at the impacts for year 2030 and 2055. The US energy-sector emissions are from the GLIMPSE project (GEOS-Chem LIDORT Integrated with MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) for the Purpose of Scenario Exploration), and other US emissions data sets and the rest of the world emissions data sets are based on the RCP4.5 scenario. The US air quality regulations are projected to have a strong beneficial impact on US air quality and public health in year 2030 and 2055 but result in positive radiative forcing. Under this scenario, no more emission constraints are added after 2020, and the impacts on air quality and climate change are similar between year 2030 and 2055. Surface particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5aEuro-A mu m (PM2.5) is reduced by aEuro-2aEuro-A mu gaEuro-m(-3) on average over the USA, and surface ozone by aEuro-8aEuro-ppbv. The improved air quality prevents about 91aEuro-400 premature deaths in the USA, mainly due to the PM2.5 reduction ( 74aEuro-200 lives saved). The air quality regulations reduce the light-reflecting aerosols (i.e., sulfate and organic matter) more than the light-absorbing species (i.e., black carbon and ozone), leading to a strong positive radiative forcing (RF) over the USA by both aerosols' direct and indirect forcing: the total RF is aEuro-0.04aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) over the globe, and aEuro-0.8aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) over the USA. Under the hypothetical climate policy, a future CO2 emissions cut is achieved in part by relying less on coal, and thus SO2 emissions are noticeably reduced. This provides air quality co-benefits, but it could lead to potential climate disbenefits over the USA. In 2055, the US mean total RF is +0.22aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) due to positive aerosol direct and indirect forcing, while the global mean total RF is -0.06aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) due to the dominant negative CO2 RF (instantaneous RF). To achieve a regional-scale climate benefit via a climate policy, it is critical (1) to have multinational efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and (2) to simultaneously target emission reduction of light-absorbing species (e.g., BC and O-3) on top of long-lived species. The latter is very desirable as the resulting climate benefit occurs faster and provides co-benefits to air quality and public health. C1 [Lee, Yunha] Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Shindell, Drew T.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Faluvegi, Greg] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Faluvegi, Greg] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Pinder, Rob W.] NextClimate, Carborro, NC USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM yunha.lee.00@gmail.com RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016 OI Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672 NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 5323 EP 5342 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5323-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BK UT WOS:000376937000034 ER PT J AU Karion, A Sweeney, C Miller, JB Andrews, AE Commane, R Dinardo, S Henderson, JM Lindaas, J Lin, JC Luus, KA Newberger, T Tans, P Wofsy, SC Wolter, S Miller, CE AF Karion, Anna Sweeney, Colm Miller, John B. Andrews, Arlyn E. Commane, Roisin Dinardo, Steven Henderson, John M. Lindaas, Jacob Lin, John C. Luus, Kristina A. Newberger, Tim Tans, Pieter Wofsy, Steven C. Wolter, Sonja Miller, Charles E. TI Investigating Alaskan methane and carbon dioxide fluxes using measurements from the CARVE tower SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC TUNDRA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OBSERVATORY ZOTTO; PERMAFROST CARBON; MOLE FRACTIONS; CO2 EXCHANGE; STILT MODEL; HUMID AIR; EMISSIONS; SIBERIA AB Northern high-latitude carbon sources and sinks, including those resulting from degrading permafrost, are thought to be sensitive to the rapidly warming climate. Because the near-surface atmosphere integrates surface fluxes over large ( aEuro-500-1000aEuro-km) scales, atmospheric monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) mole fractions in the daytime mixed layer is a promising method for detecting change in the carbon cycle throughout boreal Alaska. Here we use CO2 and CH4 measurements from a NOAA tower 17aEuro-km north of Fairbanks, AK, established as part of NASA's Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), to investigate regional fluxes of CO2 and CH4 for 2012-2014. CARVE was designed to use aircraft and surface observations to better understand and quantify the sensitivity of Alaskan carbon fluxes to climate variability. We use high-resolution meteorological fields from the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model (hereafter, WRF-STILT), along with the Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (PolarVPRM), to investigate fluxes of CO2 in boreal Alaska using the tower observations, which are sensitive to large areas of central Alaska. We show that simulated PolarVPRM-WRF-STILT CO2 mole fractions show remarkably good agreement with tower observations, suggesting that the WRF-STILT model represents the meteorology of the region quite well, and that the PolarVPRM flux magnitudes and spatial distribution are generally consistent with CO2 mole fractions observed at the CARVE tower. One exception to this good agreement is that during the fall of all 3 years, PolarVPRM cannot reproduce the observed CO2 respiration. Using the WRF-STILT model, we find that average CH4 fluxes in boreal Alaska are somewhat lower than flux estimates by Chang et al. (2014) over all of Alaska for May-September 2012; we also find that enhancements appear to persist during some wintertime periods, augmenting those observed during the summer and fall. The possibility of significant fall and winter CO2 and CH4 fluxes underscores the need for year-round in situ observations to quantify changes in boreal Alaskan annual carbon balance. C1 [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, John B.; Newberger, Tim; Wolter, Sonja] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, John B.; Andrews, Arlyn E.; Newberger, Tim; Tans, Pieter; Wolter, Sonja] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Commane, Roisin; Lindaas, Jacob; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dinardo, Steven; Miller, Charles E.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Henderson, John M.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. [Lin, John C.] Univ Utah, Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Luus, Kristina A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Biogeochem Integrat, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Karion, Anna] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lindaas, Jacob] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Luus, Kristina A.] Dublin Inst Technol, Dublin, Ireland. RP Karion, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Karion, A (reprint author), NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.; Karion, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anna.karion@nist.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was performed for the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), an Earth Ventures (EV-1) investigation, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Computing resources for this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division at Ames Research Center. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 5383 EP 5398 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5383-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BK UT WOS:000376937000037 ER PT J AU Huang, L Jiang, JH Murray, LT Damon, MR Su, H Livesey, NJ AF Huang, Lei Jiang, Jonathan H. Murray, Lee T. Damon, Megan R. Su, Hui Livesey, Nathaniel J. TI Evaluation of UTLS carbon monoxide simulations in GMI and GEOS-Chem chemical transport models using Aura MLS observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ACCURATE SIMULATION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; FIRE EMISSIONS; CLIMATE MODEL; WATER-VAPOR; EOS MLS; INTEX-B AB This study evaluates the distribution and variation of carbon monoxide (CO) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) during 2004-2012 as simulated by two chemical transport models, using the latest version of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations. The simulated spatial distributions, temporal variations and vertical transport of CO in the UTLS region are compared with those observed by MLS. We also investigate the impact of surface emissions and deep convection on CO concentrations in the UTLS over different regions, using both model simulations and MLS observations. Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) and GEOS-Chem simulations of UTLS CO both show similar spatial distributions to observations. The global mean CO values simulated by both models agree with MLS observations at 215 and 147aEuro-hPa, but are significantly underestimated by more than 40aEuro-% at 100aEuro-hPa. In addition, the models underestimate the peak CO values by up to 70aEuro-% at 100aEuro-hPa, 60aEuro-% at 147aEuro-hPa and 40aEuro-% at 215aEuro-hPa, with GEOS-Chem generally simulating more CO at 100aEuro-hPa and less CO at 215aEuro-hPa than GMI. The seasonal distributions of CO simulated by both models are in better agreement with MLS in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) than in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), with disagreements between model and observations over enhanced CO regions such as southern Africa. The simulated vertical transport of CO shows better agreement with MLS in the tropics and the SH subtropics than the NH subtropics. We also examine regional variations in the relationships among surface CO emission, convection and UTLS CO concentrations. The two models exhibit emission-convection-CO relationships similar to those observed by MLS over the tropics and some regions with enhanced UTLS CO. C1 [Huang, Lei; Jiang, Jonathan H.; Su, Hui; Livesey, Nathaniel J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Murray, Lee T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Murray, Lee T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Damon, Megan R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM Lei.Huang@jpl.nasa.gov RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Murray, Lee/F-2296-2014 OI Murray, Lee/0000-0002-3447-3952 FU NASA Aura Science Team program FX This research is supported by the NASA Aura Science Team program. The study was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The first author would like to thank William G. Read for help with the application of MLS averaging kernels to model simulations, and Susan E. Strahan and Stephen D. Steenrod for helpful advice on GMI model data analysis. We appreciate the helpful comments from two anonymous reviewers that led to significant improvements of this paper. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 9 BP 5641 EP 5663 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5641-2016 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BU UT WOS:000376938100011 ER PT J AU Jackman, CH Marsh, DR Kinnison, DE Mertens, CJ Fleming, EL AF Jackman, Charles H. Marsh, Daniel R. Kinnison, Douglas E. Mertens, Christopher J. Fleming, Eric L. TI Atmospheric changes caused by galactic cosmic rays over the period 1960-2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR PROTON EVENTS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ODD NITROGEN; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SPACE EXPLORATION; OZONE DEPLETION; STRATOSPHERE; RADIATION AB The Specified Dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM) and the Goddard Space Flight Center two-dimensional (GSFC 2-D) models are used to investigate the effect of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) on the atmosphere over the 1960-2010 time period. The Nowcast of Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation for Aviation Safety (NAIRAS) computation of the GCR-caused ionization rates are used in these simulations. GCR-caused maximum NOx increases of 4-15aEuro-% are computed in the Southern polar troposphere with associated ozone increases of 1-2aEuro-%. NOx increases of similar to 1-6aEuro-% are calculated for the lower stratosphere with associated ozone decreases of 0.2-1aEuro-%. The primary impact of GCRs on ozone was due to their production of NOx. The impact of GCRs varies with the atmospheric chlorine loading, sulfate aerosol loading, and solar cycle variation. Because of the interference between the NOx and ClOx ozone loss cycles (e.g., the ClO + NO2+aEuro-MaEuro- -> aEuro-ClONO2+aEuro-M reaction) and the change in the importance of ClOx in the ozone budget, GCRs cause larger atmospheric impacts with less chlorine loading. GCRs also cause larger atmospheric impacts with less sulfate aerosol loading and for years closer to solar minimum. GCR-caused decreases of annual average global total ozone (AAGTO) were computed to be 0.2aEuro-% or less with GCR-caused column ozone increases between 1000 and 100aEuro-hPa of 0.08aEuro-% or less and GCR-caused column ozone decreases between 100 and 1aEuro-hPa of 0.23aEuro-% or less. Although these computed ozone impacts are small, GCRs provide a natural influence on ozone and need to be quantified over long time periods. This result serves as a lower limit because of the use of the ionization model NAIRAS/HZETRN which underestimates the ion production by neglecting electromagnetic and muon branches of the cosmic ray induced cascade. This will be corrected in future works. C1 [Jackman, Charles H.; Fleming, Eric L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Marsh, Daniel R.; Kinnison, Douglas E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mertens, Christopher J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Jackman, CH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM charles.h.jackman@nasa.gov RI Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008 OI Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X FU NASA Headquarters Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program; US National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); Office of Science of the US Department of Energy; NSF FX Charles H. Jackman, Daniel R. Marsh, Douglas E. Kinnison, Christopher J. Mertens, and Eric L. Fleming thank the NASA Headquarters Living With a Star Targeted Research and Technology Program for support during the time that this manuscript was written. Charles H. Jackman and Eric L. Fleming were also supported by the NASA Headquarters Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. WACCM is a component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy. Computing resources were provided by NCAR's Climate Simulation Laboratory, sponsored by NSF and other agencies. This research was enabled by the computational and storage resources of NCAR's Computational and Information System Laboratory (CISL). NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 9 BP 5853 EP 5866 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5853-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BU UT WOS:000376938100022 ER PT J AU Fisher, JA Jacob, DJ Travis, KR Kim, PS Marais, EA Miller, CC Yu, KR Zhu, L Yantosca, RM Sulprizio, MP Mao, JQ Wennberg, PO Crounse, JD Teng, AP Nguyen, TB St Clair, JM Cohen, RC Romer, P Nault, BA Wooldridge, PJ Jimenez, JL Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA Hu, WW Shepson, PB Xiong, FLZ Blake, DR Goldstein, AH Misztal, PK Hanisco, TF Wolfe, GM Ryerson, TB Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T AF Fisher, Jenny A. Jacob, Daniel J. Travis, Katherine R. Kim, Patrick S. Marais, Eloise A. Miller, Christopher Chan Yu, Karen Zhu, Lei Yantosca, Robert M. Sulprizio, Melissa P. Mao, Jingqiu Wennberg, Paul O. Crounse, John D. Teng, Alex P. Nguyen, Tran B. St. Clair, Jason M. Cohen, Ronald C. Romer, Paul Nault, Benjamin A. Wooldridge, Paul J. Jimenez, Jose L. Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Day, Douglas A. Hu, Weiwei Shepson, Paul B. Xiong, Fulizi Blake, Donald R. Goldstein, Allen H. Misztal, Pawel K. Hanisco, Thomas F. Wolfe, Glenn M. Ryerson, Thomas B. Wisthaler, Armin Mikoviny, Tomas TI Organic nitrate chemistry and its implications for nitrogen budgets in an isoprene- and monoterpene-rich atmosphere: constraints from aircraft (SEAC(4)RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations in the Southeast US SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; UNITED-STATES; AEROSOL FORMATION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; ALPHA-PINENE; NO3 OXIDATION; BIOGENIC COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHASE HYDROLYSIS AB Formation of organic nitrates (RONO2) during oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs: isoprene, monoterpenes) is a significant loss pathway for atmospheric nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx), but the chemistry of RONO2 formation and degradation remains uncertain. Here we implement a new BVOC oxidation mechanism (including updated isoprene chemistry, new monoterpene chemistry, and particle uptake of RONO2) in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model with similar to aEuro-25aEuro- x aEuro-25aEuro-km(2) resolution over North America. We evaluate the model using aircraft (SEAC(4)RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations of NOx, BVOCs, and RONO2 from the Southeast US in summer 2013. The updated simulation successfully reproduces the concentrations of individual gas- and particle-phase RONO2 species measured during the campaigns. Gas-phase isoprene nitrates account for 25-50aEuro-% of observed RONO2 in surface air, and we find that another 10aEuro-% is contributed by gas-phase monoterpene nitrates. Observations in the free troposphere show an important contribution from long-lived nitrates derived from anthropogenic VOCs. During both campaigns, at least 10aEuro-% of observed boundary layer RONO2 were in the particle phase. We find that aerosol uptake followed by hydrolysis to HNO3 accounts for 60aEuro-% of simulated gas-phase RONO2 loss in the boundary layer. Other losses are 20aEuro-% by photolysis to recycle NOx and 15aEuro-% by dry deposition. RONO2 production accounts for 20aEuro-% of the net regional NOx sink in the Southeast US in summer, limited by the spatial segregation between BVOC and NOx emissions. This segregation implies that RONO2 production will remain a minor sink for NOx in the Southeast US in the future even as NOx emissions continue to decline.

. C1 [Fisher, Jenny A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Fisher, Jenny A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Travis, Katherine R.; Marais, Eloise A.; Yu, Karen; Zhu, Lei; Yantosca, Robert M.; Sulprizio, Melissa P.] Harvard Univ, Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Kim, Patrick S.; Miller, Christopher Chan] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.; Crounse, John D.; Teng, Alex P.; Nguyen, Tran B.; St. Clair, Jason M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.; Romer, Paul; Wooldridge, Paul J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.; Nault, Benjamin A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Hu, Weiwei] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Hu, Weiwei] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.; Xiong, Fulizi] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Goldstein, Allen H.; Misztal, Pawel K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hanisco, Thomas F.; Wolfe, Glenn M.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Ryerson, Thomas B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wisthaler, Armin; Mikoviny, Tomas] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Nguyen, Tran B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [St. Clair, Jason M.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [St. Clair, Jason M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Nault, Benjamin A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nault, Benjamin A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fisher, JA (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.; Fisher, JA (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. EM jennyf@uow.edu.au RI Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Misztal, Pawel/B-8371-2009; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011 OI Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Misztal, Pawel/0000-0003-1060-1750; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Marais, Eloise/0000-0001-5477-8051; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; FU University of Wollongong; NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program; Australian Government; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310071]; NASA [NNX15AH33A, NNX15AT96G]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1360834]; EPRI [10004734]; Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG); Visiting Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) FX We are grateful to the entire NASA SEAC4RS team for their help in the field, and we thank Eleanor Browne and Fabien Paulot for helpful discussions about the monoterpene nitrate scheme. This work was funded by a University of Wollongong Vice Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship to J. A. Fisher and by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program. This research was undertaken with the assistance of resources provided at the NCI National Facility systems at the Australian National University through the National Computational Merit Allocation Scheme supported by the Australian Government. J. Mao acknowledges supports from the NOAA Climate Program Office grant NA13OAR4310071. J. L. Jimenez, P. Campuzano-Jost, W. Hu, and D. A. Day were supported by NASA NNX15AH33A and NNX15AT96G, NSF AGS-1243354 and AGS-1360834, and EPRI 10004734. Isoprene and monoterpene measurements during SEAC4RS were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). A. Wisthaler and T. Mikoviny received support from the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA). NR 91 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 20 U2 40 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 9 BP 5969 EP 5991 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5969-2016 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BU UT WOS:000376938100028 ER PT J AU Cai, X Yang, ZL Fisher, JB Zhang, X Barlage, M Chen, F AF Cai, X. Yang, Z. -L. Fisher, J. B. Zhang, X. Barlage, M. Chen, F. TI Integration of nitrogen dynamics into the Noah-MP land surface model v1.1 for climate and environmental predictions SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CARBON FLUXES; UNITED-STATES; RESOLUTION; BIOSPHERE; EXCHANGE; IMPACTS; BALANCE; EXPORT; CYCLE AB Climate and terrestrial biosphere models consider nitrogen an important factor in limiting plant carbon uptake, while operational environmental models view nitrogen as the leading pollutant causing eutrophication in water bodies. The community Noah land surface model with multi-parameterization options (Noah-MP) is unique in that it is the next-generation land surface model for the Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological model and for the operational weather/climate models in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. In this study, we add a capability to Noah-MP to simulate nitrogen dynamics by coupling the Fixation and Uptake of Nitrogen (FUN) plant model and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) soil nitrogen dynamics. This model development incorporates FUN's state-of-the-art concept of carbon cost theory and SWAT's strength in representing the impacts of agricultural management on the nitrogen cycle. Parameterizations for direct root and mycorrhizal-associated nitrogen uptake, leaf retranslocation, and symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation are employed from FUN, while parameterizations for nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, immobilization, volatilization, atmospheric deposition, and leaching are based on SWAT. The coupled model is then evaluated at the Kellogg Biological Station - a Long Term Ecological Research site within the US Corn Belt. Results show that the model performs well in capturing the major nitrogen state/flux variables (e.g., soil nitrate and nitrate leaching). Furthermore, the addition of nitrogen dynamics improves the modeling of net primary productivity and evapotranspiration. The model improvement is expected to advance the capability of Noah-MP to simultaneously predict weather and water quality in fully coupled Earth system models. C1 [Cai, X.; Yang, Z. -L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA. [Fisher, J. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fisher, J. B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Zhang, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhang, X.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barlage, M.; Chen, F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Cai, X.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yang, ZL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA. EM liang@jsg.utexas.edu RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011; zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009; OI Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085; Cai, Xitian/0000-0002-4798-4954; Yang, Zong-Liang/0000-0003-3030-0330 FU NASA [NNX11AE42G, NNH11DA001N, NNH13ZDA001N]; National Center for Atmospheric Research Advanced Study Program; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic University Research Partnership Program; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science program; NSF Ecosystem Science program; NSF LTER Program [DEB 1027253]; Michigan State University AgBioResearch; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center [DE-FCO2-07ER64494, DE-ACO5-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by the NASA grant NNX11AE42G, the National Center for Atmospheric Research Advanced Study Program, and the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Strategic University Research Partnership Program. The first author would like to thank Guo-Yue Niu and Mingjie Shi for their help and the beneficial discussion with them. J. B. Fisher contributed to this research from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA, and through the University of California, Los Angeles. J. B. Fisher was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science program, and by the NSF Ecosystem Science program. X. Zhang's contribution was supported by NASA (NNH11DA001N and NNH13ZDA001N). We are grateful for the observational data from the Kellogg Biological Station, which is supported by the NSF LTER Program (DEB 1027253), by Michigan State University AgBioResearch, and by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DE-FCO2-07ER64494 and DE-ACO5-76RL01830). NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1-2016 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN2ZX UT WOS:000376932900001 ER PT J AU Wada, Y Florke, M Hanasaki, N Eisner, S Fischer, G Tramberend, S Satoh, Y van Vliet, MTH Yillia, P Ringler, C Burek, P Wiberg, D AF Wada, Y. Floerke, M. Hanasaki, N. Eisner, S. Fischer, G. Tramberend, S. Satoh, Y. van Vliet, M. T. H. Yillia, P. Ringler, C. Burek, P. Wiberg, D. TI Modeling global water use for the 21st century: the Water Futures and Solutions (WFaS) initiative and its approaches SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SHARED SOCIOECONOMIC PATHWAYS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; SURFACE-WATER; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; GROUNDWATER DEPLETION; ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; SOIL-MOISTURE; DATA SET AB To sustain growing food demand and increasing standard of living, global water use increased by nearly 6 times during the last 100 years, and continues to grow. As water demands get closer and closer to the water availability in many regions, each drop of water becomes increasingly valuable and water must be managed more efficiently and intensively. However, soaring water use worsens water scarcity conditions already prevalent in semi-arid and arid regions, increasing uncertainty for sustainable food production and economic development. Planning for future development and investments requires that we prepare water projections for the future. However, estimations are complicated because the future of the world's waters will be influenced by a combination of environmental, social, economic, and political factors, and there is only limited knowledge and data available about freshwater resources and how they are being used. The Water Futures and Solutions (WFaS) initiative coordinates its work with other ongoing scenario efforts for the sake of establishing a consistent set of new global water scenarios based on the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) and the representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The WFaS "fasttrack" assessment uses three global water models, namely H08, PCR-GLOBWB, and WaterGAP. This study assesses the state of the art for estimating and projecting water use regionally and globally in a consistent manner. It provides an overview of different approaches, the uncertainty, strengths and weaknesses of the various estimation methods, types of management and policy decisions for which the current estimation methods are useful. We also discuss additional information most needed to be able to improve water use estimates and be able to assess a greater range of management options across the water-energy-climate nexus. C1 [Wada, Y.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands. [Wada, Y.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Wada, Y.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Floerke, M.; Eisner, S.] Univ Kassel, Ctr Environm Syst Res, D-34125 Kassel, Germany. [Hanasaki, N.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Fischer, G.; Tramberend, S.; Satoh, Y.; van Vliet, M. T. H.; Yillia, P.; Burek, P.; Wiberg, D.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [van Vliet, M. T. H.] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Earth Syst Sci Climate Change & Adapt Land & Wate, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Ringler, C.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Wada, Y (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.; Wada, Y (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.; Wada, Y (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM y.wada@uu.nl RI Hanasaki, Naota/C-2932-2009; OI Hanasaki, Naota/0000-0002-5092-7563; van Vliet, Michelle T.H./0000-0002-2597-8422 FU government of Norway; Asian Development Bank; Austrian Development agency; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [JSPS-2014-878]; CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems FX The Water Futures and Solutions Initiative (WFaS) was launched by IIASA, UNESCO/UN-Water, the World Water Council (WWC), the International Water Association (IWA), and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) of the Republic of Korea, and has been supported by the government of Norway, the Asian Development Bank, and the Austrian Development agency. More than 35 organizations contribute to the scientific project team, and an additional 25 organizations are represented in stakeholder groups. Furthermore, WFaS relies on numerous databases compiled and made available by many more organizations, which are referred to in this paper. The research described in this paper would not have been possible without the collaboration of all of these organizations in the WFaS Project Team. Y. Wada is supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Oversea Research Fellowship (grant no. JSPS-2014-878). C. Ringler is supported from the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems. We cordially thank two anonymous referees who gave constructive and thoughtful comments and suggestions, which improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 144 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 15 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 175 EP 222 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-175-2016 PG 48 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN2ZX UT WOS:000376932900010 ER PT J AU Ali, AA Xu, C Rogers, A Fisher, RA Wullschleger, SD Massoud, EC Vrugt, JA Muss, JD McDowell, NG Fisher, JB Reich, PB Wilson, CJ AF Ali, A. A. Xu, C. Rogers, A. Fisher, R. A. Wullschleger, S. D. Massoud, E. C. Vrugt, J. A. Muss, J. D. McDowell, N. G. Fisher, J. B. Reich, P. B. Wilson, C. J. TI A global scale mechanistic model of photosynthetic capacity (LUNA V1.0) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; BIOCHEMICALLY BASED MODEL; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; LEAF NITROGEN; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ELEVATED CO2; CARBON GAIN; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE AB Although plant photosynthetic capacity as determined by the maximum carboxylation rate (i.e., V-c,V-max25) and the maximum electron transport rate (i. e., J(max25)) at a reference temperature (generally 25 degrees C) is known to vary considerably in space and time in response to environmental conditions, it is typically parameterized in Earth system models (ESMs) with tabulated values associated with plant functional types. In this study, we have developed a mechanistic model of leaf utilization of nitrogen for assimilation (LUNA) to predict photosynthetic capacity at the global scale under different environmental conditions. We adopt an optimality hypothesis to nitrogen allocation among light capture, electron transport, carboxylation and respiration. The LUNA model is able to reasonably capture the measured spatial and temporal patterns of photosynthetic capacity as it explains similar to 55% of the global variation in observed values of V-c,V-max25 and similar to 65% of the variation in the observed values of J(max25). Model simulations with LUNA under current and future climate conditions demonstrate that modeled values of V-c,V-max25 are most affected in high-latitude regions under future climates. ESMs that relate the values of V-c,V-max25 or J(max25) to plant functional types only are likely to substantially overestimate future global photosynthesis. C1 [Ali, A. A.; Xu, C.; Muss, J. D.; McDowell, N. G.; Wilson, C. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ali, A. A.; Massoud, E. C.; Vrugt, J. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA. [Rogers, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fisher, R. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wullschleger, S. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Climate Change Sci Inst, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vrugt, J. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Fisher, J. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Reich, P. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reich, P. B.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. RP Xu, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xuchongang@gmail.com RI Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; OI Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Xu, Chonggang/0000-0002-0937-5744; Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085 FU UC Lab Research Program [237285]; DOE Office of Science, Next Generation Ecosystem Experiment (NGEE) programs in the arctic and in the tropics FX This work is funded by UC Lab Research Program ( ID: 237285) and by the DOE Office of Science, Next Generation Ecosystem Experiment (NGEE) programs in the arctic and in the tropics. This submission is under public release with the approved LA-UR-14-23309. NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 587 EP 606 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-587-2016 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3AF UT WOS:000376933700007 ER PT J AU Elshorbany, YF Duncan, BN Strode, SA Wang, JS Kouatchou, J AF Elshorbany, Yasin F. Duncan, Bryan N. Strode, Sarah A. Wang, James S. Kouatchou, Jules TI The description and validation of the computationally Efficient CH4-CO-OH (ECCOHv1.01) chemistry module for 3-D model applications SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC HYDROXYL RADICALS; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; BIOMASS BURNING POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; METHANE LIFETIME; OH; CLIMATE; SCIAMACHY AB We present the Efficient CH4-CO-OH (ECCOH) chemistry module that allows for the simulation of the methane, carbon monoxide, and hydroxyl radical (CH4-CO-OH) system, within a chemistry climate model, carbon cycle model, or Earth system model. The computational efficiency of the module allows many multi-decadal sensitivity simulations of the CH4-CO-OH system, which primarily determines the global atmospheric oxidizing capacity. This capability is important for capturing the nonlinear feedbacks of the CH4-CO-OH system and understanding the perturbations to methane, CO, and OH, and the concomitant impacts on climate. We implemented the ECCOH chemistry module in the NASA GEOS-5 atmospheric global circulation model (AGCM), performed multiple sensitivity simulations of the CH4-CO-OH system over 2 decades, and evaluated the model output with surface and satellite data sets of methane and CO. The favorable comparison of output from the ECCOH chemistry module (as configured in the GEOS-5 AGCM) with observations demonstrates the fidelity of the module for use in scientific research. C1 [Elshorbany, Yasin F.; Duncan, Bryan N.; Strode, Sarah A.; Wang, James S.; Kouatchou, Jules] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Elshorbany, Yasin F.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Strode, Sarah A.; Wang, James S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Kouatchou, Jules] Science Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Elshorbany, YF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.; Elshorbany, YF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM yasin.f.elshorbany@nasa.gov RI Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; OI Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Elshorbany, Yasin/0000-0001-8883-3522 FU NASA FX This work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction and Interdisciplinary Science programs. We would like to thank the SCIAMACHY WFM-DOAS team at the University of Bremen IUP/IFE for using their methane L3 product as well as the TES/MLS Aura team for using their L2 CO product, and Stephen Montzka (NOAA) for providing MCF-inferred OH deviations for comparison. MOPITT CO column data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. We would also like to thank Stacey Frith for providing the output of the GEOS-5 CCM full chemistry simulations. Earlier model development of the ECCOH chemistry module by Elena Yegorova is appreciated. Useful discussions with Prabir Patra (RIGC/JAMSTEC), Huisheng Bian, Junhua Liu, and Jerald Ziemke (NASA GSFC), as well as technical support from Michael Manyin, Yasuko Yoshida, and Eric Nielsen (NASA GSFC), are gratefully acknowledged. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 799 EP 822 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-799-2016 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3AF UT WOS:000376933700018 ER PT J AU Adhikari, S Ivins, ER Larour, E AF Adhikari, Surendra Ivins, Erik R. Larour, Eric TI ISSM-SESAWv1.0: mesh-based computation of gravitationally consistent sea-level and geodetic signatures caused by cryosphere and climate driven mass change SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL-ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; TIME-VARIABLE GRAVITY; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; WEST ANTARCTICA; RECONCILED ESTIMATE; EXPERIMENT GRACE; SOLID-EARTH; MODEL; RISE; BALANCE AB A classical Green's function approach for computing gravitationally consistent sea-level variations associated with mass redistribution on the earth's surface employed in contemporary sea-level models naturally suits the spectral methods for numerical evaluation. The capability of these methods to resolve high wave number features such as small glaciers is limited by the need for large numbers of pixels and high-degree (associated Legendre) series truncation. Incorporating a spectral model into (components of) earth system models that generally operate on a mesh system also requires repetitive forward and inverse transforms. In order to overcome these limitations, we present a method that functions efficiently on an unstructured mesh, thus capturing the physics operating at kilometer scale yet capable of simulating geophysical observables that are inherently of global scale with minimal computational cost. The goal of the current version of this model is to provide high-resolution solidearth, gravitational, sea-level and rotational responses for earth system models operating in the domain of the earth's outer fluid envelope on timescales less than about 1 century when viscous effects can largely be ignored over most of the globe. The model has numerous important geophysical applications. For example, we compute time-varying computations of global geodetic and sea-level signatures associated with recent ice-sheet changes that are derived from space gravimetry observations. We also demonstrate the capability of our model to simultaneously resolve kilometer-scale sources of the earth's time-varying surface mass transport, derived from high-resolution modeling of polar ice sheets, and predict the corresponding local and global geodetic signatures. C1 [Adhikari, Surendra; Ivins, Erik R.; Larour, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Adhikari, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM surendra.adhikari@jpl.nasa.gov RI Ivins, Erik/C-2416-2011 FU Cryosphere Program; Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area; NASA FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and funded through both the Cryosphere Program and the Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area as part of the GRACE Science Team and NASA Sea-level Change Team efforts. Support for S. Adhikari is through a fellowship from the NASA Post-Doctoral Program. Conversations with Jianli Chen, Richard Gross, Mathieu Morlighem, and Mike Watkins are acknowledged. NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1087 EP 1109 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1087-2016 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3AQ UT WOS:000376934900010 ER PT J AU Lynch, P Reid, JS Westphal, DL Zhang, JL Hogan, TF Hyer, EJ Curtis, CA Hegg, DA Shi, YX Campbell, JR Rubin, JI Sessions, WR Turk, FJ Walker, AL AF Lynch, Peng Reid, Jeffrey S. Westphal, Douglas L. Zhang, Jianglong Hogan, Timothy F. Hyer, Edward J. Curtis, Cynthia A. Hegg, Dean A. Shi, Yingxi Campbell, James R. Rubin, Juli I. Sessions, Walter R. Turk, F. Joseph Walker, Annette L. TI An 11-year global gridded aerosol optical thickness reanalysis (v1.0) for atmospheric and climate sciences SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MINERAL DUST AEROSOL; AIR-POLLUTION MODEL; DATA-ASSIMILATION; MARITIME CONTINENT; TRANSPORT MODEL; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; CLOUD CONTAMINATION AB While stand alone satellite and model aerosol products see wide utilization, there is a significant need in numerous atmospheric and climate applications for a fused product on a regular grid. Aerosol data assimilation is an operational reality at numerous centers, and like meteorological reanalyses, aerosol reanalyses will see significant use in the near future. Here we present a standardized 2003-2013 global 1 x 1 degrees and 6-hourly modal aerosol optical thickness (AOT) reanalysis product. This data set can be applied to basic and applied Earth system science studies of significant aerosol events, aerosol impacts on numerical weather prediction, and electro-optical propagation and sensor performance, among other uses. This paper describes the science of how to develop and score an aerosol reanalysis product. This reanalysis utilizes a modified Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) at its core and assimilates quality controlled retrievals of AOT from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua and the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) on Terra. The aerosol source functions, including dust and smoke, were regionally tuned to obtain the best match between the model fine-and coarse-mode AOTs and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOTs. Other model processes, including deposition, were tuned to minimize the AOT difference between the model and satellite AOT. Aerosol wet deposition in the tropics is driven with satellite-retrieved precipitation, rather than the model field. The final reanalyzed fine-and coarse-mode AOT at 550 nm is shown to have good agreement with AERONET observations, with global mean root mean square error around 0.1 for both fine-and coarse-mode AOTs. This paper includes a discussion of issues particular to aerosol reanalyses that make them distinct from standard meteorological reanalyses, considerations for extending such a reanalysis outside of the NASA A-Train era, and examples of how the aerosol reanalysis can be applied or fused with other model or remote sensing products. Finally, the reanalysis is evaluated in comparison with other available studies of aerosol trends, and the implications of this comparison are discussed. C1 [Lynch, Peng; Sessions, Walter R.] Comp Sci Corp Govt Solut LLC, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Reid, Jeffrey S.; Westphal, Douglas L.; Hogan, Timothy F.; Hyer, Edward J.; Curtis, Cynthia A.; Campbell, James R.; Walker, Annette L.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Shi, Yingxi] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Hegg, Dean A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rubin, Juli I.] Natl Res Council Postdoctoral Res Associate, Monterey, CA USA. [Sessions, Walter R.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Turk, F. Joseph] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Lynch, P (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp Govt Solut LLC, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM peng.lynch.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU Office of Naval Research [322, 35]; NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program; NRL Base Program FX The development of the NAAPS reanalysis was an outcome of the needs of multiple projects, and largely supported by the Office of Naval Research code 322 and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Additional support was provided by the NRL Base Program and the Office of Naval Research 35. The development team is grateful to the effort of the operational NASA-MODIS and MISR aerosol teams for the development and implementation of their level two products. We are likewise grateful to the NASA land team for the development of their fire products. The NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data are key to verifying models such as the NAAPS reanalysis and the use of this federated network's data is gratefully acknowledged. NR 141 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1489 EP 1522 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1489-2016 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3BC UT WOS:000376936200011 ER PT J AU Philip, S Martin, RV Keller, CA AF Philip, Sajeev Martin, Randall V. Keller, Christoph A. TI Sensitivity of chemistry-transport model simulations to the duration of chemical and transport operators: a case study with GEOS-Chem v10-01 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; UNITED-STATES; GRID RESOLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; DRY DEPOSITION; NORTH-AMERICA; SMVGEAR-II; OZONE; IMPACT AB Chemistry-transport models involve considerable computational expense. Fine temporal resolution offers accuracy at the expense of computation time. Assessment is needed of the sensitivity of simulation accuracy to the duration of chemical and transport operators. We conduct a series of simulations with the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model at different temporal and spatial resolutions to examine the sensitivity of simulated atmospheric composition to operator duration. Subsequently, we compare the species simulated with operator durations from 10 to 60 min as typically used by global chemistry-transport models, and identify the operator durations that optimize both computational expense and simulation accuracy. We find that longer continuous transport operator duration increases concentrations of emitted species such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide since a more homogeneous distribution reduces loss through chemical reactions and dry deposition. The increased concentrations of ozone precursors increase ozone production with longer transport operator duration. Longer chemical operator duration decreases sulfate and ammonium but increases nitrate due to feedbacks with in-cloud sulfur dioxide oxidation and aerosol thermodynamics. The simulation duration decreases by up to a factor of 5 from fine (5 min) to coarse (60 min) operator duration. We assess the change in simulation accuracy with resolution by comparing the root mean square difference in ground-level concentrations of nitrogen oxides, secondary inorganic aerosols, ozone and carbon monoxide with a finer temporal or spatial resolution taken as "truth". Relative simulation error for these species increases by more than a factor of 5 from the shortest (5 min) to longest (60 min) operator duration. Chemical operator duration twice that of the transport operator duration offers more simulation accuracy per unit computation. However, the relative simulation error from coarser spatial resolution generally exceeds that from longer operator duration; e.g., degrading from 2 degrees x 2.5 degrees to 4 degrees x 5 degrees increases error by an order of magnitude. We recommend prioritizing fine spatial resolution before considering different operator durations in offline chemistry-transport models. We encourage chemistry-transport model users to specify in publications the durations of operators due to their effects on simulation accuracy. C1 [Philip, Sajeev; Martin, Randall V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Martin, Randall V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Keller, Christoph A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Keller, Christoph A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, NASA, GMAO, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Philip, S (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM sj207331@dal.ca RI Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; FU National Science and Engineering Research Council, Canada; Atlantic Computational Excellence Network FX We thank Colette Heald, Daniel Jacob and Patrick Kim for useful comments at the early stages of this research. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This work was supported by the National Science and Engineering Research Council, Canada, and the Atlantic Computational Excellence Network (http://www.ace-net.ca/). NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1683 EP 1695 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1683-2016 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3BR UT WOS:000376937800003 ER PT J AU Hu, ZY Zhao, C Huang, JP Leung, LR Qian, Y Yu, HB Huang, L Kalashnikova, OV AF Hu, Zhiyuan Zhao, Chun Huang, Jianping Leung, L. Ruby Qian, Yun Yu, Hongbin Huang, Lei Kalashnikova, Olga V. TI Trans-Pacific transport and evolution of aerosols: evaluation of quasi-global WRF-Chem simulation with multiple observations SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CALIPSO LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DUST MASS-BALANCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NORTH-AMERICA; MINERAL DUST; BLACK CARBON; AIR-POLLUTION; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER AB A fully coupled meteorology-chemistry model (WRF-Chem, the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry) has been configured to conduct quasi-global simulation for 5 years (2010-2014) and evaluated with multiple observation data sets for the first time. The evaluation focuses on the simulation over the trans-Pacific transport region using various reanalysis and observational data sets for meteorological fields and aerosol properties. The simulation generally captures the overall spatial and seasonal variability of satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and absorbing AOD (AAOD) over the Pacific that is determined by the outflow of pollutants and dust and the emissions of marine aerosols. The assessment of simulated extinction Angstrom exponent (EAE) indicates that the model generally reproduces the variability of aerosol size distributions as seen by satellites. In addition, the vertical profile of aerosol extinction and its seasonality over the Pacific are also well simulated. The difference between the simulation and satellite retrievals can be mainly attributed to model biases in estimating marine aerosol emissions as well as the satellite sampling and retrieval uncertainties. Compared with the surface measurements over the western USA, the model reasonably simulates the observed magnitude and seasonality of dust, sulfate, and nitrate surface concentrations, but significantly underestimates the peak surface concentrations of carbonaceous aerosol likely due to model biases in the spatial and temporal variability of biomass burning emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production. A sensitivity simulation shows that the trans-Pacific transported dust, sulfate, and nitrate can make significant contribution to surface concentrations over the rural areas of the western USA, while the peaks of carbonaceous aerosol surface concentrations are dominated by the North American emissions. Both the retrievals and simulation show small interannual variability of aerosol characteristics for 2010-2014 averaged over three Pacific sub-regions. The evaluation in this study demonstrates that the WRF-Chem quasi-global simulation can be used for investigating trans-Pacific transport of aerosols and providing reasonable inflow chemical boundaries for the western USA, allowing one to further understand the impact of transported pollutants on the regional air quality and climate with high-resolution nested regional modeling. C1 [Hu, Zhiyuan; Huang, Jianping] Lanzhou Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Hu, Zhiyuan; Zhao, Chun; Leung, L. Ruby; Qian, Yun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Yu, Hongbin] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yu, Hongbin] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Huang, Lei; Kalashnikova, Olga V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Huang, Lei; Kalashnikova, Olga V.] NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Zhao, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chun.zhao@pnnl.gov RI Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; qian, yun/E-1845-2011 OI Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) program; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955301]; NASA CALIPSO project [NNX14AB21G]; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) program. Jianping Huang acknowledges support from the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB955301). Hongbin Yu was supported by NASA CALIPSO project (NNX14AB21G) managed by David Considine. This study used computing resources from the PNNL Institutional Computing. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center. MODIS and MISR data were obtained from the NASA Atmospheric Science Data Center. OMI data were obtained from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. NR 132 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1725 EP 1746 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1725-2016 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3BR UT WOS:000376937800005 ER PT J AU Seferian, R Gehlen, M Bopp, L Resplandy, L Orr, JC Marti, O Dunne, JP Christian, JR Doney, SC Ilyina, T Lindsay, K Halloran, PR Heinze, C Segschneider, J Tjiputra, J Aumont, O Romanou, A AF Seferian, Roland Gehlen, Marion Bopp, Laurent Resplandy, Laure Orr, James C. Marti, Olivier Dunne, John P. Christian, James R. Doney, Scott C. Ilyina, Tatiana Lindsay, Keith Halloran, Paul R. Heinze, Christoph Segschneider, Joachim Tjiputra, Jerry Aumont, Olivier Romanou, Anastasia TI Inconsistent strategies to spin up models in CMIP5: implications for ocean biogeochemical model performance assessment SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CARBON-CYCLE FEEDBACKS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL OCEAN; SKILL ASSESSMENT; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; SEA-ICE AB During the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) substantial efforts were made to systematically assess the skill of Earth system models. One goal was to check how realistically representative marine biogeochemical tracer distributions could be reproduced by models. In routine assessments model historical hind-casts were compared with available modern biogeochemical observations. However, these assessments considered neither how close modeled biogeochemical reservoirs were to equilibrium nor the sensitivity of model performance to initial conditions or to the spin-up protocols. Here, we explore how the large diversity in spin-up protocols used for marine biogeochemistry in CMIP5 Earth system models (ESMs) contributes to model-to-model differences in the simulated fields. We take advantage of a 500-year spin-up simulation of IPSL-CM5A-LR to quantify the influence of the spin-up protocol on model ability to reproduce relevant data fields. Amplification of biases in selected biogeochemical fields (O-2, NO3, Alk-DIC) is assessed as a function of spin-up duration. We demonstrate that a relationship between spin-up duration and assessment metrics emerges from our model results and holds when confronted with a larger ensemble of CMIP5 models. This shows that drift has implications for performance assessment in addition to possibly aliasing estimates of climate change impact. Our study suggests that differences in spin-up protocols could explain a substantial part of model disparities, constituting a source of model-to-model uncertainty. This requires more attention in future model intercomparison exercises in order to provide quantitatively more correct ESM results on marine biogeochemistry and carbon cycle feedbacks. C1 [Seferian, Roland] Meteo France CNRS, CNRM, 42 Ave Gaspard Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Gehlen, Marion; Bopp, Laurent; Resplandy, Laure; Orr, James C.; Marti, Olivier] CEA Saclay, IPSL, LSCE, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Resplandy, Laure] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Christian, James R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Christian, James R.] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ilyina, Tatiana] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Lindsay, Keith] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Halloran, Paul R.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Halloran, Paul R.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Heinze, Christoph; Tjiputra, Jerry] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Segschneider, Joachim] Univ Kiel, Dept Geosci, Kiel, Germany. [Aumont, Olivier] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS IRD MNHN, LOCEAN IPSL Lab, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. [Romanou, Anastasia] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Math & Phys, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Romanou, Anastasia] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Seferian, R (reprint author), Meteo France CNRS, CNRM, 42 Ave Gaspard Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. EM rseferian.cnrm@gmail.com RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080 FU H2020 project CRESCENDO "Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and Climate: Experiments, kNowledge, Dissemination and Outreach" - European Union [641816]; EU FP7 - European community's Seventh Framework Programme [264879]; Research Council of Norway [239965/F20]; project EVA - Earth system modelling of climate variations in the Anthropocene - Research Council of Norway [229771/E10]; NOTUR project [NN2345K]; NorStore project [NS2345K]; National Science Foundation FX We sincerely thank I. Kriest, F. Joos, the anonymous reviewer and A. Yool for their useful comments on this paper. This work was supported by H2020 project CRESCENDO "Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and Climate: Experiments, kNowledge, Dissemination and Outreach", which received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 641816 and by the EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE "Changes in carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate" which received funding from the European community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 264879. Supercomputing time was provided by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif) at CCRT (Centre de Calcul Recherche et Technologie), allocation 016178. Finally, we are grateful to the ESGF project which makes data available for all the community. Roland Seferian is grateful to Aurelien Ribes for his kind advices on statistics. Jerry Tjiputra acknowledges ORGANIC project (239965/F20) funded by the Research Council of Norway. Christoph Heinze and Jerry Tjiputra are grateful for support through project EVA - Earth system modelling of climate variations in the Anthropocene (229771/E10) funded by the Research Council of Norway, as well as CPU-time and mass storage provided through NOTUR project NN2345K as well as NorStore project NS2345K. Keith Lindsay and Scott C. Doney acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation. NR 134 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1827 EP 1851 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1827-2016 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3BR UT WOS:000376937800008 ER PT J AU Lu, CH da Silva, A Wang, J Moorthi, S Chin, M Colarco, P Tang, YH Bhattacharjee, PS Chen, SP Chuang, HY Juang, HMH McQueen, J Iredell, M AF Lu, Cheng-Hsuan da Silva, Arlindo Wang, Jun Moorthi, Shrinivas Chin, Mian Colarco, Peter Tang, Youhua Bhattacharjee, Partha S. Chen, Shen-Po Chuang, Hui-Ya Juang, Hann-Ming Henry McQueen, Jeffery Iredell, Mark TI The implementation of NEMS GFS Aerosol Component (NGAC) Version 1.0 for global dust forecasting at NOAA/NCEP SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; GOCART MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; CLIMATE MODEL; MINERAL DUST; ACE-ASIA; POLLUTION; TRANSPORT AB The NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) implemented the NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) Global Forecast System (GFS) Aerosol Component (NGAC) for global dust forecasting in collaboration with NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). NGAC Version 1.0 has been providing 5-day dust forecasts at 1 degrees x 1 degrees resolution on a global scale, once per day at 00: 00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), since September 2012. This is the first global system capable of interactive atmosphere aerosol forecasting at NCEP. The implementation of NGAC V1.0 reflects an effective and efficient transitioning of NASA research advances to NCEP operations, paving the way for NCEP to provide global aerosol products serving a wide range of stakeholders, as well as to allow the effects of aerosols on weather forecasts and climate prediction to be considered. C1 [Lu, Cheng-Hsuan; Chen, Shen-Po] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Lu, Cheng-Hsuan; Wang, Jun; Bhattacharjee, Partha S.] IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [da Silva, Arlindo; Chin, Mian; Colarco, Peter] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Moorthi, Shrinivas; Chuang, Hui-Ya; Juang, Hann-Ming Henry; McQueen, Jeffery; Iredell, Mark] NOAA, NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Tang, Youhua] NOAA, OAR Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Lu, CH (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.; Lu, CH (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. EM sarah.lu@noaa.gov RI Bhattacharjee, Partha/B-1620-2009; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Bhattacharjee, Partha/0000-0003-1117-0649; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 FU NASA Applied Science Program; NOAA-NASA-DOD Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation FX The NGAC project has been supported by NASA Applied Science Program and NOAA-NASA-DOD Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation. The authors thank the principal investigators of the AERONET sites (Didier Tanre for Cape Verde, Dakar, and Banizoumbou, Rachel Pinker for Ilorin, Brent Holben for La Parguera, and Arnon Karnieli for Sede Boker) for the efforts in establishing and maintaining AERONET sites. Brent Holben leads the AERONET program and provided access to near-real-time L1.5 data set. The authors also appreciate the multi-model ensemble work done by the NRL (for ICAP) and BSC (for WMO SDS-WAS NA-ME-E Regional Center). The lead author C.-H. Lu is grateful for technical help and/or scientific input from her NCEP EMC colleagues, Wei-Yu Yang, Perry Shafran, Ho-Chun Huang, and Yuqiu Zhu. She also thanks her NCEP NCO colleagues for transitioning pre-operational NGAC V1.0 system into NCEP production, including Simon Hsiao, Xiaoxue Wang, Christine Caruso Magee, Jeff Ator, Boi Vuong, Rebecca Cosgrove and Daniel Starosta. The pre-implementation evaluation by Walter Sessions, Nick Nalli, Andy Harris, Craig Long, Gary Votaw, and Jeral Estupinan is also greatly appreciated. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1905 EP 1919 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1905-2016 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3BR UT WOS:000376937800011 ER PT J AU Minchew, B Simons, M Bjornsson, H Palsson, F Morlighem, M Seroussi, H Larour, E Hensley, S AF Minchew, Brent Simons, Mark Bjornsson, Helgi Palsson, Finnur Morlighem, Mathieu Seroussi, Helene Larour, Eric Hensley, Scott TI Plastic bed beneath Hofsjokull Ice Cap, central Iceland, and the sensitivity of ice flow to surface meltwater flux SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glaciology; surface velocity; basal mechanics; basal plasticity; basal hydrology ID SUBGLACIAL WATER-PRESSURE; WEST ANTARCTICA; STREAM-B; BASAL CONDITIONS; SHEET MOTION; GLACIER; DRAINAGE; MELT; VELOCITY; INSTABILITY AB The mechanical properties of glacier beds play a fundamental role in regulating the sensitivity of glaciers to environmental forcing across a wide range of timescales. Glaciers are commonly underlain by deformable till whose mechanical properties and influence on ice flow are not well understood but are critical for reliable projections of future glacier states. Using synoptic-scale observations of glacier motion in different seasons to constrain numerical ice flow models, we study the mechanics of the bed beneath Hofsjokull, a land-terminating ice cap in central Iceland. Our results indicate that the bed deforms plastically and weakens following incipient summertime surface melt. Combining the inferred basal shear traction fields with a Coulomb-plastic bed model, we estimate the spatially distributed effective basal water pressure and show that changes in basal water pressure and glacier accelerations are non-local and non-linear. These results motivate an idealized physical model relating mean basal water pressure and basal slip rate wherein the sensitivity of glacier flow to changes in basal water pressure is inversely related to the ice surface slope. C1 [Minchew, Brent; Simons, Mark] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bjornsson, Helgi; Palsson, Finnur] Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Morlighem, Mathieu] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Seroussi, Helene; Larour, Eric; Hensley, Scott] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Minchew, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM bminchew@caltech.edu FU NASA Crysopherice Sciences Program [NNX14AH80G]; NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship; Achievement Rewards for College Students (ARCS) fellowship FX The authors benefited from discussions with R. Arthern, H. Gudmundsson, I. Hewitt, J.-P. Ampuero, T. Johannesson, and T. van Boeckel. We thank Y. Lou, B. Hawkins, Y. Zheng, and the UAVSAR crew for assistance with InSAR data collection and processing, T. Johannesson, on behalf of the Icelandic Meteorological Office, provided the Hofsjokull DEM. This research was conducted at the California Institute of Technology and the University of Iceland with funding provided by the NASA Crysopherice Sciences Program (Award NNX14AH80G). B. M. was partially funded by a NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship and an Achievement Rewards for College Students (ARCS) fellowship. InSAR data are freely available from the Alaska Satellite Facility via the UAVSAR website (http://uavsar.jpl.nasa.gov). NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2016 VL 62 IS 231 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1017/jog.2016.26 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DN1PR UT WOS:000376838400014 ER PT S AU Zedef, V Russell, M AF Zedef, Veysel Russell, Michael BE Aslan, I Bayrak, Y Akdemir, AO Ekinci, A Polat, K Dadasoglu, F Turkoglu, EA TI Some Characteristics of Hirsizdere Sedimentary Magnesite Deposits, Denizli, SW Turkey SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES: ICANAS 2016 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences (ICANAS) CY APR 21-23, 2016 CL Antalya, TURKEY ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; VEIN-STOCKWORK; HYDROMAGNESITE; GEOCHEMISTRY; GENESIS; LIFE; MARS; ORIGIN; ANALOG; ROCKS AB Approximately 8 % of Turkey is covered by ultramafic rocks which host economically important deposits of magnesite, chromite and olivine. Magnesite deposits are of three types: (1) Massive or crystalline, (2) Cryptocrystalline and (3) Sedimentary. Cryptocrystalline and sedimentary type magnesite deposits are widespread all over Turkey although the massive type deposits are seemingly absent. In this study, we examined the sedimentary magnesite deposits of Hirsizdere, located in the province of Denizli, SW Turkey. The deposits formed as five beds within an ultramafic environment. The thickness of the magnesite beds can reach up to 4 meters and may be traced up to 3 km from west to east. The deposit comprises half a million tons of magnesite with some associated dolomite. C1 [Zedef, Veysel] Selcuk Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Min Engn, TR-42003 Konya, Turkey. [Russell, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zedef, V (reprint author), Selcuk Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Min Engn, TR-42003 Konya, Turkey. EM vzedef@selcuk.edu.tr NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1373-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1726 AR 020115 DI 10.1063/1.4945941 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE7XC UT WOS:000376001000115 ER PT S AU Zedef, V Russell, M AF Zedef, Veysel Russell, Michael BE Aslan, I Bayrak, Y Akdemir, AO Ekinci, A Polat, K Dadasoglu, F Turkoglu, EA TI Rare Earth Element Content of Cryptocrystalline Magnesites of Konya, Turkey SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES: ICANAS 2016 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences (ICANAS) CY APR 21-23, 2016 CL Antalya, TURKEY AB We examined the rare earth element content of several cryptocrystalline magnesites as well as hydromagnesite, host rock serpentinites, lake water and hot spring water from Turkey. Southwestern Turkey hosts cryptocrystalline magnesites, sedimentary magnesites with presently forming, biologically mediated hydromagnesites and travertines. Our results show the REE content of the minerals, rocks and waters are well below detection limits. One hydromagnesite sample from Lake Salda has slightly high La (2.38ppb), Ce (3.91 ppb) and Nd (1.68 ppb) when compared to other samples, but these are also still below detection limits of the method we followed. C1 [Zedef, Veysel] Selcuk Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Min Engn, TR-42003 Konya, Turkey. [Russell, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zedef, V (reprint author), Selcuk Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Min Engn, TR-42003 Konya, Turkey. EM vzedef@selcuk.edu.tr NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1373-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1726 AR 020116 DI 10.1063/1.4945942 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE7XC UT WOS:000376001000116 ER PT J AU Sutliff, DL Walker, BE AF Sutliff, Daniel L. Walker, Bruce E. TI Artificial noise systems for parametric studies of turbo-machinery aero-acoustics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE Turbo-machinery aero-acoustics; duct propagation; far-field acoustics; artificial sources AB The study of turbo-machinery aero-acoustics encompasses source generation, duct propagation, and radiation to the far field for the purposes of physical understanding, evaluation, and noise reduction. Further, the acoustics subset can be divided into overall, broadband, or tone emphasis. Ultimately, assessments on full-scale turbofans are required. However, for isolating specific effects, or for costs reasons, it is useful to test models. These models may be scaled versions of turbofan components depending on the physical process of interest. The advantage of using models is the lower cost allows for a wider range of conditions to be studied. Even so, the cost of manufacturing and testing scale model fans in mid-technology readiness level can be limiting. A potentially useful supplement to turbo-machinery aero-acoustics studies is the use of artificial sources to generate acoustic signatures. The advantage is that a wide range of signatures can be quickly and efficiently studied, particularly useful for noise reduction concepts, or validating prediction methodologies that are sensitive to variations in geometry or acoustic signature. A disadvantage is the lack of the ability to study source generation. This trade-off must be considered carefully when deciding on the usefulness of utilizing fan artificial noise sources for the study of turbo-machinery aero-acoustics. This paper presents two test articles that have contributed to turbo-machinery aero-acoustics studies. One is a 48 in. diameter duct (nominally full-scale) generating acoustic signatures in the audible range; the second is a 6 in. diameter duct (nominally scaled) generating acoustic signatures in the ultrasonic range. C1 [Sutliff, Daniel L.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44212 USA. [Walker, Bruce E.] Channel Islands Acoust, Camarillo, CA USA. RP Sutliff, DL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44212 USA. EM Daniel.L.Sutliff@nasa.gov FU NASA Vehicle Systems Integration program/Environmentally Responsible Aircraft project; Fundamental Aeronautics/Subsonic Fixed Wing program FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the NASA Vehicle Systems Integration program/Environmentally Responsible Aircraft project and the Fundamental Aeronautics/Subsonic Fixed Wing program. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1475-472X EI 2048-4003 J9 INT J AEROACOUST JI Int. J. Aeroacoust. PD JAN-MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 103 EP 130 DI 10.1177/1475472X16630851 PG 28 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA DM4FO UT WOS:000376302200006 ER PT J AU Gaultier, L Ubelmann, C Fu, LL AF Gaultier, Lucile Ubelmann, Clement Fu, Lee-Lueng TI The Challenge of Using Future SWOT Data for Oceanic Field Reconstruction SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; ALTIMETER; TOPOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS AB Conventional altimetry measures a one-dimensional profile of sea surface height (SSH) along the satellite track. Two-dimensional SSH can be reconstructed using mapping techniques; however, the spatial resolution is quite coarse even when data from several altimeters are analyzed. A new satellite mission based on radar interferometry is scheduled to be launched in 2020. This mission, called Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT), will measure SSH at high resolution along a wide swath, thus providing two-dimensional images of the ocean surface topography. This new capability will provide a large amount of data even though they are contaminated with instrument noise and geophysical errors. This paper presents a tool that simulates synthetic observations of SSH from the future SWOT mission using SSH from any ocean general circulation model (OGCM). SWOT-like data have been generated from a high-resolution model and analyzed to investigate the sampling and accuracy characteristics of the future SWOT data. This tool will help explore new ideas and methods for optimizing the retrieval of information from future SWOT missions. C1 [Gaultier, Lucile; Ubelmann, Clement; Fu, Lee-Lueng] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 300-314C, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gaultier, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 300-314C, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lucile.m.gaultier@jpl.nasa.gov FU SWOT project FX The research presented in the paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Support from the SWOT project is acknowledged. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 33 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0160.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM3JQ UT WOS:000376243100008 ER PT J AU Zaron, ED DeCarvalho, R AF Zaron, Edward D. DeCarvalho, Robert TI Identification and Reduction of Retracker-Related Noise in Altimeter-Derived Sea Surface Height Measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-FIELD RECOVERY; RADAR ALTIMETER; STATE BIAS; WAVE-FORMS; JASON-1; TOPEX; PERFORMANCE; LEVEL AB Data from the Jason-2 calibration/validation mission phase have been analyzed to identify the correlation between sea surface height (SSH) and significant wave height (SWH) errors. A cross-spectral analysis indicates that the SSH and SWH errors are nearly white and significantly correlated at scales from 12 to 100 km, consistent with the hypothesized error source, the waveform retracker. Because of the scale separation between the SWH signal and noise, it is possible to correct the SSH data by removing the SSH noise correlated with the SWH noise. Such a correction has been implemented using the empirical correlation found during the Jason-2 calibration orbit phase and applied to independent data from other phases of the Jason-1 mission. The efficacy of the correction varies geographically, but variance reductions between 1.6 and 2.2 cm 2 have been obtained, corresponding to reductions of 20%-27% in the noise floor of along-track spectra. The corrections are obtained from and applied to conventional, 1 Hz, altimetry data and lead to improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio for identification of high-frequency narrowband processes-for example, internal tides-from these data. C1 [Zaron, Edward D.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [DeCarvalho, Robert] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [DeCarvalho, Robert] Ambition Inc, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Zaron, ED (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM ezaron@pdx.edu FU National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Academic Research Program (NARP) project "Improving Coastal Marine Gravity" FX This project was supported by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Academic Research Program (NARP) project "Improving Coastal Marine Gravity." The authors would like to acknowledge the important contribution of Dr. Douglas Vandemark, who suggested the cross-spectral analysis of SSH and SWH after reviewing an early version of this manuscript. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 33 IS 1 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0164.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM3JQ UT WOS:000376243100014 ER PT S AU Gange, G Navas, JA Schachte, P Sondergaard, H Stuckey, PJ AF Gange, Graeme Navas, Jorge A. Schachte, Peter Sondergaard, Harald Stuckey, Peter J. BE Jobstmann, B Leino, KRM TI An Abstract Domain of Uninterpreted Functions SO VERIFICATION, MODEL CHECKING, AND ABSTRACT INTERPRETATION, VMCAI 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation (VMCAI) CY JAN 17-19, 2016 CL St Petersburg, FL SP Facebook, Microsoft Res AB We revisit relational static analysis of numeric variables. Such analyses face two difficulties. First, even inexpensive relational domains scale too poorly to be practical for large code-bases. Second, to remain tractable they have extremely coarse handling of non-linear relations. In this paper, we introduce the subterm domain, a weakly relational abstract domain for inferring equivalences amongst sub-expressions, based on the theory of uninterpreted functions. This provides an extremely cheap approach for enriching non-relational domains with relational information, and enhances precision of both relational and non-relational domains in the presence of non-linear operations. We evaluate the idea in the context of the software verification tool SeaHorn. C1 [Gange, Graeme; Schachte, Peter; Sondergaard, Harald; Stuckey, Peter J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Comp & Informat Syst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Navas, Jorge A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gange, G (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Comp & Informat Syst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM gkgange@unimelb.edu.au; jorge.a.navaslaserna@nasa.gov; schachte@unimelb.edu.au; harald@unimelb.edu.au; pstuckey@unimelb.edu.au OI Gange, Graeme/0000-0002-1354-431X; Sondergaard, Harald/0000-0002-2352-1883 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-662-49122-5; 978-3-662-49121-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9583 BP 85 EP 103 DI 10.1007/978-3-662-49122-5_4 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BE7EG UT WOS:000375148800004 ER PT S AU Hillery, B Mercer, E Rungta, N Person, S AF Hillery, Benjamin Mercer, Eric Rungta, Neha Person, Suzette BE Jobstmann, B Leino, KRM TI Exact Heap Summaries for Symbolic Execution SO VERIFICATION, MODEL CHECKING, AND ABSTRACT INTERPRETATION, VMCAI 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation (VMCAI) CY JAN 17-19, 2016 CL St Petersburg, FL SP Facebook, Microsoft Res DE Symbolic execution; Symbolic references; Constraint-based reasoning ID SEPARATION LOGIC; TEST-GENERATION; MODEL CHECKING; STATE AB A recent trend in the analysis of object-oriented programs is the modeling of references as sets of guarded values, enabling multiple heap shapes to be represented in a single state. A fundamental problem with using these guarded value sets is the inability to generate test inputs in a manner similar to symbolic execution based analyses. Although several solutions have been proposed, none have been proven to be sound and complete with respect to the heap properties provable by generalized symbolic execution (GSE). This work presents a method for initializing input references in a symbolic input heap using guarded value sets that exactly preserves GSE semantics. A correctness proof for the initialization scheme is provided with a proof-of-concept implementation. Results from an empirical evaluation on a common set of GSE data structure benchmarks show an increase in the size and number of analyzed heaps over existing GSE representations. The initialization technique can be used to ensure that guarded value set based symbolic execution engines operate in a provably correct manner with regards to symbolic references as well as provide the ability to generate concrete heaps that serve as test inputs to the program. C1 [Hillery, Benjamin; Mercer, Eric] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Rungta, Neha] NASA Ames, Mountain View, CA USA. [Person, Suzette] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Hillery, B (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM ben.hillery@byu.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-662-49122-5; 978-3-662-49121-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9583 BP 206 EP 225 DI 10.1007/978-3-662-49122-5_10 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BE7EG UT WOS:000375148800010 ER PT S AU Holzmann, GJ AF Holzmann, Gerard J. BE Jobstmann, B Leino, KRM TI Cloud-Based Verification of Concurrent Software SO VERIFICATION, MODEL CHECKING, AND ABSTRACT INTERPRETATION, VMCAI 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation (VMCAI) CY JAN 17-19, 2016 CL St Petersburg, FL SP Facebook, Microsoft Res DE Software verification; Logic model checking; Software testing; Concurrency; Multi-threaded code; Cloud computing; Swarm verification; Massive parallelism AB Logic model checkers are unparalleled in their ability to reveal subtle bugs in multi-threaded software systems. The underlying verification procedure is based on a systematic search of potentially faulty system behaviors, which can be computationally expensive for larger problem sizes. In this paper we consider if it is possible to significantly reduce the runtime requirements of a verification with cloud computing techniques. We explore the use of large numbers of CPU-cores, that each perform small, fast, independent, and randomly different searches to achieve the same problem coverage as a much slower stand-alone run on a single CPU. We present empirical results to demonstrate what is achievable. C1 [Holzmann, Gerard J.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Holzmann, GJ (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM gh@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-662-49122-5; 978-3-662-49121-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9583 BP 311 EP 327 DI 10.1007/978-3-662-49122-5_15 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BE7EG UT WOS:000375148800015 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZB Meyer, K Yu, HB Platnick, S Colarco, P Liu, ZY Oreopoulos, L AF Zhang, Zhibo Meyer, Kerry Yu, Hongbin Platnick, Steven Colarco, Peter Liu, Zhaoyan Oreopoulos, Lazaros TI Shortwave direct radiative effects of above-cloud aerosols over global oceans derived from 8 years of CALIOP and MODIS observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL FEATURE MASK; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; SAFARI 2000; A-TRAIN; SOUTHERN AFRICA; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; DIURNAL CYCLE; DUST AEROSOLS; SATELLITE AB In this paper, we studied the frequency of occurrence and shortwave direct radiative effects (DREs) of above-cloud aerosols (ACAs) over global oceans using 8 years (2007-2014) of collocated CALIOP and MODIS observations. Similar to previous work, we found high ACA occurrence in four regions: southeastern (SE) Atlantic region, where ACAs are mostly light-absorbing aerosols, i.e., smoke and polluted dust according to CALIOP classification, originating from biomass burning over the African Savanna; tropical northeastern (TNE) Atlantic and the Arabian Sea, where ACAs are predominantly windblown dust from the Sahara and Arabian deserts, respectively; and the northwestern (NW) Pacific, where ACAs are mostly transported smoke and polluted dusts from Asian. From radiative transfer simulations based on CALIOP-MODIS observations and a set of the preselected aerosol optical models, we found the DREs of ACAs at the top of atmosphere (TOA) to be positive (i.e., warming) in the SE Atlantic and NW Pacific regions, but negative (i.e., cooling) in the TNE Atlantic Ocean and the Arabian Sea. The cancellation of positive and negative regional DREs results in a global ocean annual mean diurnally averaged cloudy-sky DRE of 0.015aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) (range of -0.03 to 0.06aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2)) at TOA. The DREs at surface and within the atmosphere are -0.15aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) (range of -0.09 to -0.21aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2)), and 0.17aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) (range of 0.11 to 0.24aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2)), respectively. The regional and seasonal mean DREs are much stronger. For example, in the SE Atlantic region, the JJA (July-August) seasonal mean cloudy-sky DRE is about 0.7aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2) (range of 0.2 to 1.2aEuro-WaEuro-m(-2)) at TOA. All our DRE computations are publicly available(1). The uncertainty in our DRE computations is mainly caused by the uncertainties in the aerosol optical properties, in particular aerosol absorption, the uncertainties in the CALIOP operational aerosol optical thickness retrieval, and the ignorance of cloud and potential aerosol diurnal cycle. In situ and remotely sensed measurements of ACA from future field campaigns and satellite missions and improved lidar retrieval algorithm, in particular vertical feature masking, would help reduce the uncertainty. C1 [Zhang, Zhibo] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD USA. [Zhang, Zhibo] UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD USA. [Meyer, Kerry; Yu, Hongbin; Platnick, Steven; Colarco, Peter; Oreopoulos, Lazaros] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Meyer, Kerry] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. [Yu, Hongbin] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Zhaoyan] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc SSAI, Lanham, MD USA. [Liu, Zhaoyan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Zhang, ZB (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD USA.; Zhang, ZB (reprint author), UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD USA. EM zhibo.zhang@umbc.edu RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 FU NASA [NNX14AI35G]; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA CloudSat; CALIPSO Science Team grant [NNH14CK44C]; NASA CALIPSO/CloudSat project [NNX14AB21G]; U.S. National Science Foundation through the MRI program [CNS-0821258, CNS-1228778]; SCREMS program [DMS-0821311]; UMBC FX Z. Zhang is supported by NASA grant NNX14AI35G managed by Dr. Ming-Ying Wei. K. Meyer acknowledges support by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and by funding from NASA CloudSat and CALIPSO Science Team grant (NNH14CK44C) managed by Dr. David Considine. H. Yu was supported by the NASA CALIPSO/CloudSat project (NNX14AB21G) managed by Dr. David Considine. The computations in this study were performed on UMBC High Performance Computing Facility (HPCF). The facility is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through the MRI program (grant nos. CNS-0821258 and CNS-1228778) and the SCREMS program (grant no. DMS-0821311), with additional substantial support from UMBC. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 BP 2877 EP 2900 DI 10.5194/acp-16-2877-2016 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VD UT WOS:000374702000010 ER PT J AU Nakajima, H Wohltmann, I Wegner, T Takeda, M Pitts, MC Poole, LR Lehmann, R Santee, ML Rex, M AF Nakajima, Hideaki Wohltmann, Ingo Wegner, Tobias Takeda, Masanori Pitts, Michael C. Poole, Lamont R. Lehmann, Ralph Santee, Michelle L. Rex, Markus TI Polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; OZONE DEPLETION; SULFURIC-ACID; REACTIVE UPTAKE; WINTER; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; NAT; UNCERTAINTIES; SIMULATION AB We examined observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by CALIPSO, and of HCl and ClO by MLS along air mass trajectories, to investigate the dependence of the inferred PSC composition on the temperature history of the air parcels and the dependence of the level of chlorine activation on PSC composition. Several case studies based on individual trajectories from the Arctic winter 2009/2010 were conducted, with the trajectories chosen such that the first processing of the air mass by PSCs in this winter occurred on the trajectory. Transitions of PSC composition classes were observed to be highly dependent on the temperature history. In cases of a gradual temperature decrease, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and super-cooled ternary solution (STS) mixture clouds were observed. In cases of rapid temperature decrease, STS clouds were first observed, followed by NAT/STS mixture clouds. When temperatures dropped below the frost point, ice clouds formed and then transformed into NAT/STS mixture clouds when temperature increased above the frost point. The threshold temperature for rapid chlorine activation on PSCs is approximately 4aEuro-K below the NAT existence temperature, T-NAT. Furthermore, simulations of the ATLAS chemistry and transport box model along the trajectories were used to corroborate the measurements and show good agreement with the observations. Rapid chlorine activation was observed when an air mass encountered PSCs. Usually, chlorine activation was limited by the amount of available ClONO2. Where ClONO2 was not the limiting factor, a large dependence on temperature was evident. C1 [Nakajima, Hideaki] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Nakajima, Hideaki; Wohltmann, Ingo; Lehmann, Ralph; Rex, Markus] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Wegner, Tobias; Pitts, Michael C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Takeda, Masanori] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Poole, Lamont R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Santee, Michelle L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Nakajima, Hideaki] Govt Japan, Cabinet Off, Council Sci Technol & Innovat, Tokyo 1008914, Japan. RP Nakajima, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.; Nakajima, H (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.; Nakajima, H (reprint author), Govt Japan, Cabinet Off, Council Sci Technol & Innovat, Tokyo 1008914, Japan. EM nakajima@nies.go.jp RI Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Wohltmann, Ingo/C-1301-2010 OI Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Wohltmann, Ingo/0000-0003-4606-6788 FU NASA FX We acknowledge European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for providing us with the ERA-Interim reanalysis data. We also acknowledge Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory (Code 614) of Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for providing the MERRA annual minimum temperature to produce Fig. 1. One of the authors (HN) appreciates the warm hospitality given by all the members of Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research at Potsdam, Germany when he was staying there for half a year as a sabbatical visit. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with NASA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 BP 3311 EP 3325 DI 10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VD UT WOS:000374702000034 ER PT J AU Chirkov, M Stiller, GP Laeng, A Kellmann, S von Clarmann, T Boone, CD Elkins, JW Engel, A Glatthor, N Grabowski, U Harth, CM Kiefer, M Kolonjari, F Krummel, PB Linden, A Lunder, CR Miller, BR Montzka, SA Muhle, J O'Doherty, S Orphal, J Prinn, RG Toon, G Vollmer, MK Walker, KA Weiss, RF Wiegele, A Young, D AF Chirkov, M. Stiller, G. P. Laeng, A. Kellmann, S. von Clarmann, T. Boone, C. D. Elkins, J. W. Engel, A. Glatthor, N. Grabowski, U. Harth, C. M. Kiefer, M. Kolonjari, F. Krummel, P. B. Linden, A. Lunder, C. R. Miller, B. R. Montzka, S. A. Muhle, J. O'Doherty, S. Orphal, J. Prinn, R. G. Toon, G. Vollmer, M. K. Walker, K. A. Weiss, R. F. Wiegele, A. Young, D. TI Global HCFC-22 measurements with MIPAS: retrieval, validation, global distribution and its evolution over 2005-2012 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; EXTRATROPICAL LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING MIPAS; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; SEASONAL CYCLES; NITROUS-OXIDE; TEMPERATURE; CHLORINE; GASES AB We report on HCFC-22 data acquired by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) in the reduced spectral resolution nominal observation mode. The data cover the period from January 2005 to April 2012 and the altitude range from the upper troposphere (above cloud top altitude) to about 50 km. The profile retrieval was performed by constrained nonlinear least squares fitting of modelled spectra to the measured limb spectral radiances. The spectral nu(4)-band at 816.5 +/- 13 cm(-1) was used for the retrieval. A Tikhonov-type smoothing constraint was applied to stabilise the retrieval. In the lower stratosphere, we find a global volume mixing ratio of HCFC-22 of about 185 pptv in January 2005. The rate of linear growth in the lower latitudes lower stratosphere was about 6 to 7aEuro-pptvaEuro-year(-1) in the period 2005-2012. The profiles obtained were compared with ACE-FTS satellite data v3.5, as well as with MkIV balloon profiles and cryosampler balloon measurements. Between 13 and 22 km, average agreement within -3 to +5 pptv (MIPAS - ACE) with ACE-FTS v3.5 profiles is demonstrated. Agreement with MkIV solar occultation balloon-borne measurements is within 10-20 pptv below 30 km and worse above, while in situ cryosampler balloon measurements are systematically lower over their full altitude range by 15-50 pptv below 24 km and less than 10 pptv above 28 km. MIPAS HCFC-22 time series below 10 km altitude are shown to agree mostly well to corresponding time series of near-surface abundances from the NOAA/ESRL and AGAGE networks, although a more pronounced seasonal cycle is obvious in the satellite data. This is attributed to tropopause altitude fluctuations and subsidence of polar winter stratospheric air into the troposphere. A parametric model consisting of constant, linear, quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and several sine and cosine terms with different periods has been fitted to the temporal variation of stratospheric HCFC-22 for all 10A degrees-latitude/1-to-2-km-altitude bins. The relative linear variation was always positive, with relative increases of 40-70 % decade(-1) in the tropics and global lower stratosphere, and up to 120 % decade(-1) in the upper stratosphere of the northern polar region and the southern extratropical hemisphere. Asian HCFC-22 emissions have become the major source of global upper tropospheric HCFC-22. In the upper troposphere, monsoon air, rich in HCFC-22, is instantaneously mixed into the tropics. In the middle stratosphere, between 20 and 30 km, the observed trend is inconsistent with the trend at the surface (corrected for the age of stratospheric air), hinting at circulation changes. There exists a stronger positive trend in HCFC-22 in the Southern Hemisphere and a more muted positive trend in the Northern Hemisphere, implying a potential change in the stratospheric circulation over the observation period. C1 [Chirkov, M.; Stiller, G. P.; Laeng, A.; Kellmann, S.; von Clarmann, T.; Glatthor, N.; Grabowski, U.; Kiefer, M.; Linden, A.; Orphal, J.; Wiegele, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Elkins, J. W.; Miller, B. R.; Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, ESRL Climate Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Expt Atmospher Res Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Harth, C. M.; Muhle, J.; Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kolonjari, F.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Krummel, P. B.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Lunder, C. R.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [O'Doherty, S.; Young, D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol, Avon, England. [Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Toon, G.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Toon, G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Vollmer, M. K.] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Stiller, GP (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM gabriele.stiller@kit.edu RI Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; OI Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Chirkov, Maksym/0000-0002-3196-7332; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873 FU NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program; NASA (USA); DECC (UK); NOAA (USA); CSIRO; Bureau of Meteorology (Australia); FOEN; NILU (Norway); SNU (Korea); CMA (China); NIES (Japan); Urbino University (Italy); NASA; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; BMBF [50EE0901]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology FX We acknowledge provision of MIPAS level-1b data by ESA. NOAA measurements of HCFC-22 are made possible in part by funding from the NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program. Standards, flask handling and flask analysis at NOAA are provided with assistance from B. Hall, C. Siso and D. Mondeel. AGAGE is supported principally by NASA (USA) grants to MIT and SIO and also by the following: DECC (UK) and NOAA (USA) grants to Bristol University; CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology (Australia); FOEN grants to Empa (Switzerland); NILU (Norway); SNU (Korea); CMA (China); NIES (Japan); and Urbino University (Italy). Part of this research was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We thank the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF) for performing the launches of the JPL MkIV instrument. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Data analysis at IMK has been supported by BMBF under contract number 50EE0901. The authors thank three reviewers and the editor for their constructive as well as critical comments that helped to improve the paper. We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 BP 3345 EP 3368 DI 10.5194/acp-16-3345-2016 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VD UT WOS:000374702000036 ER PT J AU Kramer, M Rolf, C Luebke, A Afchine, A Spelten, N Costa, A Meyer, J Zoger, M Smith, J Herman, RL Buchholz, B Ebert, V Baumgardner, D Borrmann, S Klingebiel, M Avallone, L AF Kraemer, Martina Rolf, Christian Luebke, Anna Afchine, Armin Spelten, Nicole Costa, Anja Meyer, Jessica Zoeger, Martin Smith, Jessica Herman, Robert L. Buchholz, Bernhard Ebert, Volker Baumgardner, Darrel Borrmann, Stephan Klingebiel, Marcus Avallone, Linnea TI A microphysics guide to cirrus clouds - Part 1: Cirrus types SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; HOMOGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; MIDLATITUDE CIRRUS; IN-SITU; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; CRYSTAL NUMBERS; MINERAL DUST; WATER; PARAMETERIZATION; SPECTROMETER AB The microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds continue to be beyond understanding and thus still represent one of the largest uncertainties in the prediction of the Earth's climate (IPCC, 2013). Our study aims to provide a guide to cirrus microphysics, which is compiled from an extensive set of model simulations, covering the broad range of atmospheric conditions for cirrus formation and evolution. The model results are portrayed in the same parameter space as field measurements, i.e., in the Ice Water Content-Temperature (IWC-T) parameter space. We validate this cirrus analysis approach by evaluating cirrus data sets from 17 aircraft campaigns, conducted in the last 15 years, spending about 94 h in cirrus over Europe, Australia, Brazil as well as South and North America. Altogether, the approach of this study is to track cirrus IWC development with temperature by means of model simulations, compare with observations and then assign, to a certain degree, cirrus microphysics to the observations. Indeed, the field observations show characteristics expected from the simulated Cirrus Guide. For example, high (low) IWCs are found together with high (low) ice crystal concentrations N-ice. An important finding from our study is the classification of two types of cirrus with differing formation mechanisms and microphysical properties: the first cirrus type forms directly as ice (in situ origin cirrus) and splits in two subclasses, depending on the prevailing strength of the updraft: in slow updrafts these cirrus are rather thin with lower IWCs, while in fast updrafts thicker cirrus with higher IWCs can form. The second type consists predominantly of thick cirrus originating from mixed phase clouds (i.e., via freezing of liquid droplets - liquid origin cirrus), which are completely glaciated while lifting to the cirrus formation temperature region (< 235 K). In the European field campaigns, slow updraft in situ origin cirrus occur frequently in low- and high-pressure systems, while fast updraft in situ cirrus appear in conjunction with jet streams or gravity waves. Also, liquid origin cirrus mostly related to warm conveyor belts are found. In the US and tropical campaigns, thick liquid origin cirrus which are formed in large convective systems are detected more frequently. C1 [Kraemer, Martina; Rolf, Christian; Luebke, Anna; Afchine, Armin; Spelten, Nicole; Costa, Anja; Meyer, Jessica] Res Ctr Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res 7, Julich, Germany. [Zoeger, Martin] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Flugexpt Mess & Sensortech, Wessling, Germany. [Meyer, Jessica] Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Herman, Robert L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Buchholz, Bernhard; Ebert, Volker] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig, Germany. [Baumgardner, Darrel] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Borrmann, Stephan; Klingebiel, Marcus] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. [Borrmann, Stephan; Klingebiel, Marcus] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Avallone, Linnea] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Atmospher & Geospace Sci, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Luebke, Anna] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Meyer, Jessica] Bundesanstalt Arbeitsschutz & Arbeitsmed, Unit Exposure Scenarios, Dortmund, Germany. [Buchholz, Bernhard] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Klingebiel, Marcus] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Kramer, M (reprint author), Res Ctr Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res 7, Julich, Germany. EM m.kraemer@fz-juelich.de RI Kramer, Martina/A-7482-2013; Rolf, Christian/K-5275-2016; Borrmann, Stephan/E-3868-2010 OI Rolf, Christian/0000-0001-5329-0054; FU DFG HALO-SPP project ACIS [KR 2957/1-1] FX The authors thank the coordinators (listed below) and all teams which were engaged in the field experiments compiled in the study presented here. Progress in the challenging task to understand cirrus clouds and their formation mechanism for most atmospheric conditions was only possible due to the large effort flowing into all the experiments. We also thank Paul Lawson for providing 2D-S data from the MACPEX campaign. Funding is partly provided by the DFG HALO-SPP project ACIS (KR 2957/1-1). Campaign coordinators: APETHESEO 1999 (Bruno Carli and Kees Blom), ENVISAT 2002 (Kees Blom), EUPLEX 2003 (Fred Stroh and Hans Schlager), ENVISAT 2003 (Kees Blom), TROCCINOX 2005 (Ulrich Schumann and Hans Schlager), SCOUT-O3 2005 (Cornelius Schiller), AMMA 2006: (Kathy Law and Francesco Cairo), MidCix 2004 (Gerald Mace and Andy Heymsfield), TC-4 2007 (Brian Toon), MACPEX 2011 (Eric Jensen and Gerald Mace), COALESC 2011 (Phil Brown), AIRTOSS 2013 (Manfred Wendisch, Peter Spichtinger and Stephan Borrmann), ML-CIRRUS 2014 (Christiane Voigt, Andreas Minkin and Ulrich Schumann), ACRIDICON 2014 (Manfred Wendisch, Uli Poschl, Meinrad Andreae and Luiz Machado), ATTREX 2014 (Eric Jensen and Leonhard Pfister). Thanks to the authors of HG2G for inspiring the title. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 12 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 BP 3463 EP 3483 DI 10.5194/acp-16-3463-2016 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VD UT WOS:000374702000043 ER PT J AU Busilacchio, M Di Carlo, P Aruffo, E Biancofiore, F Salisburgo, CD Giammaria, F Bauguitte, S Lee, J Moller, S Hopkins, J Punjabi, S Andrews, S Lewis, AC Parrington, M Palmer, PI Hyer, E Wolfe, GM AF Busilacchio, Marcella Di Carlo, Piero Aruffo, Eleonora Biancofiore, Fabio Salisburgo, Cesare Dari Giammaria, Franco Bauguitte, Stephane Lee, James Moller, Sarah Hopkins, James Punjabi, Shalini Andrews, Stephen Lewis, Alistair C. Parrington, Mark Palmer, Paul I. Hyer, Edward Wolfe, Glenn M. TI Production of peroxy nitrates in boreal biomass burning plumes over Canada during the BORTAS campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE INSTRUMENT; HIGH NORTHERN LATITUDES; FOREST-FIRES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EMISSIONS; IMPACT AB The observations collected during the BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites (BORTAS) campaign in summer 2011 over Canada are analysed to study the impact of forest fire emissions on the formation of ozone (O-3) and total peroxy nitrates aPNs, aROONO(2)). The suite of measurements on board the BAe-146 aircraft, deployed in this campaign, allows us to calculate the production of O-3 and of aPNs, a long-lived NOx reservoir whose concentration is supposed to be impacted by biomass burning emissions. In fire plumes, profiles of carbon monoxide (CO), which is a well-established tracer of pyrogenic emission, show concentration enhancements that are in strong correspondence with a significant increase of concentrations of aPNs, whereas minimal increase of the concentrations of O-3 and NO2 is observed. The aPN and O-3 productions have been calculated using the rate constants of the first- and second-order reactions of volatile organic compound (VOC) oxidation. The aPN and O-3 productions have also been quantified by 0-D model simulation based on the Master Chemical Mechanism. Both methods show that in fire plumes the average production of aPNs and O-3 are greater than in the background plumes, but the increase of aPN production is more pronounced than the O-3 production. The average aPN production in fire plumes is from 7 to 12 times greater than in the background, whereas the average O-3 production in fire plumes is from 2 to 5 times greater than in the background. These results suggest that, at least for boreal forest fires and for the measurements recorded during the BORTAS campaign, fire emissions impact both the oxidized NOy and O-3,O- but (1 aPN production is amplified significantly more than O-3 production and (2) in the forest fire plumes the ratio between the O-3 production and the aPN production is lower than the ratio evaluated in the background air masses, thus confirming that the role played by the aPNs produced during biomass burning is significant in the O-3 budget. The implication of these observations is that fire emissions in some cases, for example boreal forest fires and in the conditions reported here, may influence more long-lived precursors of O-3 than short-lived pollutants, which in turn can be transported and eventually diluted in a wide area. C1 [Busilacchio, Marcella; Di Carlo, Piero; Aruffo, Eleonora; Biancofiore, Fabio; Salisburgo, Cesare Dari] Univ Aquila, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS, Via Vetoio, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Di Carlo, Piero; Aruffo, Eleonora; Biancofiore, Fabio; Giammaria, Franco] Univ Aquila, Dept Phys & Chem Sci, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Lee, James; Moller, Sarah; Hopkins, James; Punjabi, Shalini; Andrews, Stephen; Lewis, Alistair C.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Parrington, Mark; Palmer, Paul I.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Hyer, Edward] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Parrington, Mark] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. RP Di Carlo, P (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS, Via Vetoio, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.; Di Carlo, P (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Dept Phys & Chem Sci, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. EM piero.dicarlo@aquila.infn.it RI Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Di Carlo, Piero/Q-4450-2016 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Di Carlo, Piero/0000-0003-4971-4509 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/F017391/1]; NERC FX The BORTAS project was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant number NE/F017391/1. Mark Parrington was supported by the NERC grant. Paul I. Palmer acknowledges support from his Philip Leverhulme Prize. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 BP 3485 EP 3497 DI 10.5194/acp-16-3485-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VD UT WOS:000374702000044 ER PT J AU Kristiansen, NI Stohl, A Olivie, DJL Croft, B Sovde, OA Klein, H Christoudias, T Kunkel, D Leadbetter, SJ Lee, YH Zhang, K Tsigaridis, K Bergman, T Evangeliou, N Wang, H Ma, PL Easter, RC Rasch, PJ Liu, X Pitari, G Di Genova, G Zhao, SY Balkanski, Y Bauer, SE Faluvegi, GS Kokkola, H Martin, RV Pierce, JR Schulz, M Shindell, D Tost, H Zhang, H AF Kristiansen, N. I. Stohl, A. Olivie, D. J. L. Croft, B. Sovde, O. A. Klein, H. Christoudias, T. Kunkel, D. Leadbetter, S. J. Lee, Y. H. Zhang, K. Tsigaridis, K. Bergman, T. Evangeliou, N. Wang, H. Ma, P. -L. Easter, R. C. Rasch, P. J. Liu, X. Pitari, G. Di Genova, G. Zhao, S. Y. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. E. Faluvegi, G. S. Kokkola, H. Martin, R. V. Pierce, J. R. Schulz, M. Shindell, D. Tost, H. Zhang, H. TI Evaluation of observed and modelled aerosol lifetimes using radioactive tracers of opportunity and an ensemble of 19 global models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-POWER-PLANT; BLACK CARBON AEROSOL; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; CLIMATE MODEL; TECHNICAL NOTE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; WET DEPOSITION; SULFUR CYCLE AB Aerosols have important impacts on air quality and climate, but the processes affecting their removal from the atmosphere are not fully understood and are poorly constrained by observations. This makes modelled aerosol lifetimes uncertain. In this study, we make use of an observational constraint on aerosol lifetimes provided by radionuclide measurements and investigate the causes of differences within a set of global models. During the Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear power plant accident of March 2011, the radioactive isotopes cesium-137 (Cs-137) and xenon-133 (Xe-133) were released in large quantities. Cesium attached to particles in the ambient air, approximately according to their available aerosol surface area. Cs-137 size distribution measurements taken close to the power plant suggested that accumulation-mode (AM) sulfate aerosols were the main carriers of cesium. Hence, Cs-137 can be used as a proxy tracer for the AM sulfate aerosol's fate in the atmosphere. In contrast, the noble gas Xe-133 behaves almost like a passive transport tracer. Global surface measurements of the two radioactive isotopes taken over several months after the release allow the derivation of a lifetime of the carrier aerosol. We compare this to the lifetimes simulated by 19 different atmospheric transport models initialized with identical emissions of Cs-137 that were assigned to an aerosol tracer with each model's default properties of AM sulfate, and Xe-133 emissions that were assigned to a passive tracer. We investigate to what extent the modelled sulfate tracer can reproduce the measurements, especially with respect to the observed loss of aerosol mass with time. Modelled Cs-137 and Xe-133 concentrations sampled at the same location and times as station measurements allow a direct comparison between measured and modelled aerosol lifetime. The e-folding lifetime tau(e), calculated from station measurement data taken between 2 and 9 weeks after the start of the emissions, is 14.3 days (95 % confidence interval 13.1-15.7 days). The equivalent modelled tau(e) lifetimes have a large spread, varying between 4.8 and 26.7 days with a model median of 9.4 +/- 2.3 days, indicating too fast a removal in most models. Because sufficient measurement data were only available from about 2 weeks after the release, the estimated lifetimes apply to aerosols that have undergone long-range transport, i.e. not for freshly emitted aerosol. However, modelled instantaneous lifetimes show that the initial removal in the first 2 weeks was quicker (lifetimes between 1 and 5 days) due to the emissions occurring at low altitudes and co-location of the fresh plume with strong precipitation. Deviations between measured and modelled aerosol lifetimes are largest for the northernmost stations and at later time periods, suggesting that models do not transport enough of the aerosol towards the Arctic. The models underestimate passive tracer (Xe-133) concentrations in the Arctic as well but to a smaller extent than for the aerosol (Cs-137) tracer. This indicates that in addition to too fast an aerosol removal in the models, errors in simulated atmospheric transport towards the Arctic in most models also contribute to the underestimation of the Arctic aerosol concentrations. C1 [Kristiansen, N. I.; Stohl, A.] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Olivie, D. J. L.; Klein, H.; Schulz, M.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Croft, B.; Martin, R. V.; Pierce, J. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Sovde, O. A.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Christoudias, T.] Cyprus Inst, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Kunkel, D.; Tost, H.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. [Leadbetter, S. J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Zhang, K.; Wang, H.; Ma, P. -L.; Easter, R. C.; Rasch, P. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Tsigaridis, K.; Bauer, S. E.; Faluvegi, G. S.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Tsigaridis, K.; Bauer, S. E.; Faluvegi, G. S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bergman, T.; Kokkola, H.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio, Finland. [Evangeliou, N.; Balkanski, Y.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Liu, X.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pitari, G.; Di Genova, G.] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Zhao, S. Y.; Zhang, H.] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Pierce, J. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kristiansen, NI (reprint author), NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. EM nik@nilu.no RI Sovde Haslerud, Amund/H-2850-2016; Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Ma, Po-Lun/G-7129-2015; Pierce, Jeffrey/E-4681-2013; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Bergman, Tommi/C-2445-2009; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Tost, Holger/C-3812-2017; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Kokkola, Harri/J-5993-2014; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014 OI Sovde Haslerud, Amund/0000-0002-3812-3837; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; Ma, Po-Lun/0000-0003-3109-5316; Pierce, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4241-838X; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Bergman, Tommi/0000-0002-6133-2231; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Tost, Holger/0000-0002-3105-4306; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402 FU Norwegian Research Council [AeroCom-P3]; National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB403405]; US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence [272041] FX We would like to thank all the scientists who produced the CTBTO measurement data and made them available to us. The research leading to these results has received partial funding from the Norwegian Research Council under the NORKLIMA and KLIMAFORSK program (project "AeroCom-P3"). H. Zhang and S. Y. Zhao are supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (grant no.: 2011CB403405). H. Wang, R. C. Easter, P.-L. Ma, and P. J. Rasch acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Earth System Modeling Program. T. Bergman and H. Kokkola were supported by the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence (project no. 272041). The ECHAM-HAMMOZ model is developed by a consortium composed of ETH Zurich, Max Planck Institut fur Meteorologie, Forschungszentrum Julich, University of Oxford, the Finnish Meteorological Institute, and the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, and managed by the Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM) at ETH Zurich. The GISS model group acknowledges resources supporting this work, provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 84 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 BP 3525 EP 3561 DI 10.5194/acp-16-3525-2016 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VD UT WOS:000374702000046 ER PT J AU Nuth, JA Johnson, NM Ferguson, FT Rietmeijer, FJM Hill, HGM AF Nuth, Joseph A., III Johnson, Natasha M. Ferguson, Frank T. Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. Hill, Hugh G. M. TI Great new insights from failed experiments, unanticipated results and embracing controversial observations SO CHEMIE DER ERDE-GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Oxygen isotopes; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; Crystalline silicates; Transport processes in the solar nebula; Single domain iron grains ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; PRIMITIVE SOLAR NEBULA; MAGNETICALLY ENHANCED COAGULATION; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SILICATE EMISSION FEATURE; SMALL IRON GRAINS; CIRCUMSTELLAR OUTFLOWS; CRYSTALLINE SILICATES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; VAPOR-PRESSURE AB Experimental data and observations, whether telescopic or analytical, are never wrong, though data derived from such sources can be misinterpreted or applied inappropriately to derive conclusions that are incorrect. Given that nature always behaves according to the laws of physics and chemistry, rather than according to currently popular models and theories, experimental results should always be considered correct even when the results are far from those that one might initially expect. We discuss a number of cases where the results of experiments, even one carried out as a simple calibration measure, produced wildly different results that generally required many years of effort or contemplation to understand. On the positive side, exploration of the circumstances that produced the "errant" results often led to new and interesting insights concerning processes that might occur in natural environments and that were well worth the effort involved. Specifically, we show how an experiment that "failed" due to a broken conductor led to experiments that made the first refractory oxide solids containing mass independently fractionated oxygen isotopes and to 1998 predictions of the oxygen isotopic composition of the sun that were confirmed by the analysis of Genesis samples in 2011. We describe a calibration experiment that unexpectedly produced single magnetic domain iron particles. We discuss how tracking down a persistent source of "contamination" in experiments intended to produce amorphous iron and magnesium silicate smokes led to a series of studies on the synthesis of carbonaceous grain coatings that turn out to be very efficient Fischer-Tropsch catalysts and have great potential for trapping the planetary noble gases found in meteorites. We describe how models predicting the instability of silicate grains in circumstellar environments spurred new measurements of the vapor pressure of SiO partially based on previous experiments showing unexpected but systematic non-equilibrium behavior instead of the anticipated equilibrium products resembling meteoritic minerals. We trace the process that led from observations of the presence of crystalline minerals detected in the comae of some comets to the 1999 prediction of large-scale circulation of materials from the hot, innermost regions of the solar nebula out to the cold dark,nebular environments where comets form. This large-scale circulation was ultimately confirmed by analyses of highly refractory Stardust samples collected from the Kuiper Belt Comet Wild 2. Finally we discuss a modern and still unresolved conflict between the assumptions built into three well known processes: the CO Self Shielding Model for mass independent isotopic fractionation of oxygen in solar system solids, rapid and thorough mixing within the solar nebula, and the efficient conversion of CO into organic coatings and volatiles on the surfaces of nebular grains via Fischer-Tropsch-type processes. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Nuth, Joseph A., III] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Code 690, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnson, Natasha M.; Ferguson, Frank T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ferguson, Frank T.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Rietmeijer, Frans J. M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hill, Hugh G. M.] Int Space Univ, Strasbourg Cent Campus, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. RP Nuth, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Code 690, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM joseph.a.nuth@nasa.gov OI Ferguson, Frank/0000-0002-9395-3825 FU NASA's Laboratory Astrophysics, Cosmochemistry and Exobiology RSA programs; Goddard Center for Astrobiology; NASA Astrobiology Virtual Institute FX JAN gratefully acknowledges support received over many years from NASA's Laboratory Astrophysics, Cosmochemistry and Exobiology RSA programs as well as support received from the Goddard Center for Astrobiology and the NASA Astrobiology Virtual Institute. NMJ would like to thank the NRC postdoctoral program for the opportunity to become involved in this wide-ranging research effort. We thank Associate Editor Klaus Keil for soliciting and handling this paper. We would like to thank Reviewer 1, who understood what we were trying to accomplish, for constructive criticisms and suggestions and for pointing us towards the Asimov quote. We would also like to thank Reviewer 2 for sarcastic comments which nevertheless were quite useful in pinpointing phrases in the manuscript that required additional clarification. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0009-2819 EI 1611-5864 J9 CHEM ERDE-GEOCHEM JI Chem Erde-Geochem. PY 2016 VL 76 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.chemer.2015.09.002 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DM2ZL UT WOS:000376216500001 ER PT J AU Haywood, AM Dowsett, HJ Dolan, AM Rowley, D Abe-Ouchi, A Otto-Bliesner, B Chandler, MA Hunter, SJ Lunt, DJ Pound, M Salzmann, U AF Haywood, Alan M. Dowsett, Harry J. Dolan, Aisling M. Rowley, David Abe-Ouchi, Ayako Otto-Bliesner, Bette Chandler, Mark A. Hunter, Stephen J. Lunt, Daniel J. Pound, Matthew Salzmann, Ulrich TI The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Phase 2: scientific objectives and experimental design SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MID-PLIOCENE; WARM PERIOD; POLAR AMPLIFICATION; CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATIONS; ENSEMBLE; PLISMIP AB The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) is a co-ordinated international climate modelling initiative to study and understand climate and environments of the Late Pliocene, as well as their potential relevance in the context of future climate change. PlioMIP examines the consistency of model predictions in simulating Pliocene climate and their ability to reproduce climate signals preserved by geological climate archives. Here we provide a description of the aim and objectives of the next phase of the model intercomparison project (PlioMIP Phase 2), and we present the experimental design and boundary conditions that will be utilized for climate model experiments in Phase 2. Following on from PlioMIP Phase 1, Phase 2 will continue to be a mechanism for sampling structural uncertainty within climate models. However, Phase 1 demonstrated the requirement to better understand boundary condition uncertainties as well as uncertainty in the methodologies used for data-model comparison. Therefore, our strategy for Phase 2 is to utilize state-of-the-art boundary conditions that have emerged over the last 5 years. These include a new palaeogeographic reconstruction, detailing ocean bathymetry and land-ice surface topography. The ice surface topography is built upon the lessons learned from offline ice sheet modelling studies. Land surface cover has been enhanced by recent additions of Pliocene soils and lakes. Atmospheric reconstructions of palaeo-CO2 are emerging on orbital timescales, and these are also incorporated into PlioMIP Phase 2. New records of surface and sea surface temperature change are being produced that will be more temporally consistent with the boundary conditions and forcings used within models. Finally we have designed a suite of prioritized experiments that tackle issues surrounding the basic understanding of the Pliocene and its relevance in the context of future climate change in a discrete way. C1 [Haywood, Alan M.; Dolan, Aisling M.; Hunter, Stephen J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, MS 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rowley, David] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Abe-Ouchi, Ayako] Univ Tokyo, CCSR, Tokyo, Japan. [Otto-Bliesner, Bette] CGD NCAR, CCR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Chandler, Mark A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Pound, Matthew; Salzmann, Ulrich] Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Dept Geog, Ellison Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Dolan, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM a.m.dolan@leeds.ac.uk OI Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/0000-0003-1745-5952; Pound, Matthew/0000-0001-8029-9548; Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648; Rowley, David/0000-0001-9767-9029; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU European Research Council under the European Union [278636]; EPSRC-supported Past Earth Network; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I016287/1, NE/G009112/1, NE/H006273/1]; US National Science Foundation; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program (NASA) [NNX14AB99A]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center FX A. M. Haywood, A. M. Dolan and S. J. Hunter acknowledge that the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 278636, as well as the EPSRC-supported Past Earth Network. U. Salzmann, A. M. Haywood and M. J. Pound acknowledge funding received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC Grant NE/I016287/1). A. M. Haywood and D. J. Lunt acknowledge funding received from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC Grant NE/G009112/1). D. J. Lunt acknowledges NERC grant NE/H006273/1. H. J. Dowsett recognizes the continued support of the United States Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. B. L. Otto-Bliesner recognizes the continued support of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. M. A. Chandler is supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program (NASA Grant NNX14AB99A) and the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 3 BP 663 EP 675 DI 10.5194/cp-12-663-2016 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM0YP UT WOS:000376072300005 ER PT J AU Colose, CM LeGrande, AN Vuille, M AF Colose, Christopher M. LeGrande, Allegra N. Vuille, Mathias TI The influence of volcanic eruptions on the climate of tropical South America during the last millennium in an isotope-enabled general circulation model SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID MOUNT-PINATUBO ERUPTION; PAST 1000 YEARS; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ICE CORES; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; FORCING RECONSTRUCTIONS; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; PMIP SIMULATIONS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SUMMER MONSOON AB Currently, little is known on how volcanic eruptions impact large-scale climate phenomena such as South American paleo-Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) position and summer monsoon behavior. In this paper, an analysis of observations and model simulations is employed to assess the influence of large volcanic eruptions on the climate of tropical South America. This problem is first considered for historically recent volcanic episodes for which more observations are available but where fewer events exist and the confounding effects of El Nifio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) lead to inconclusive interpretation of the impact of volcanic eruptions at the continental scale. Therefore, we also examine a greater number of reconstructed volcanic events for the period 850 CE to present that are incorporated into the NASA GISS ModelE2-R simulation of the last millennium. An advantage of this model is its ability to explicitly track water isotopologues throughout the hydrologic cycle and simulating the isotopic imprint following a large eruption. This effectively removes a degree of uncertainty associated with error-prone conversion of isotopic signals into climate variables, and allows for a direct comparison between GISS simulations and paleoclimate proxy records. Our analysis reveals that both precipitation and oxygen isotope variability respond with a distinct seasonal and spatial structure across tropical South America following an eruption. During austral winter, the heavy oxygen isotope in precipitation is enriched, likely due to reduced moisture convergence in the ITCZ domain and reduced rainfall over northern South America. During austral summer, however, more negative values of the precipitation isotopic composition are simulated over Amazonia, despite reductions in rainfall, suggesting that the isotopic response is not a simple function of the "amount effect". During the South American monsoon season, the amplitude of the temperature response to volcanic forcing is larger than the rather weak and spatially less coherent precipitation signal, complicating the isotopic response to changes in the hydrologic cycle. C1 [Colose, Christopher M.; Vuille, Mathias] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [LeGrande, Allegra N.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Colose, CM (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM ccolose@albany.edu OI Vuille, Mathias/0000-0002-9736-4518 FU NOAA [C2D2 NA10OAR4310126]; NSF [AGS-1003690, AGS-1303828] FX This study was funded by NOAA C2D2 NA10OAR4310126 and NSF awards AGS-1003690 and AGS-1303828. We would like to thank NASA GISS for institutional support, the editor, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, for handling the review process of our paper, and Raphael Neukom and an anonymous reviewer for the constructive comments that helped improve the manuscript. Computing resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. GPCP/GPCC data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. NR 118 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 4 BP 961 EP 979 DI 10.5194/op-12-961-2016 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM0YX UT WOS:000376073100010 ER PT J AU Akcay, C Daughton, W Lukin, VS Liu, YH AF Akcay, Cihan Daughton, William Lukin, Vyacheslav S. Liu, Yi-Hsin TI A two-fluid study of oblique tearing modes in a force-free current sheet SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SWARTHMORE SPHEROMAK EXPERIMENT; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; EARTHS MAGNETOPAUSE; FIELD; INSTABILITIES; PLASMAS AB Kinetic simulations have demonstrated that three-dimensional reconnection in collisionless regimes proceeds through the formation and interaction of magnetic flux ropes, which are generated due to the growth of tearing instabilities at multiple resonance surfaces. Since kinetic simulations are intrinsically expensive, it is desirable to explore the feasibility of reduced two-fluid models to capture this complex evolution, particularly, in the strong guide field regime, where two-fluid models are better justified. With this goal in mind, this paper compares the evolution of the collisionless tearing instability in a force-free current sheet with a two-fluid model and fully kinetic simulations. Our results indicate that the most unstable modes are oblique for guide fields larger than the reconnecting field, in agreement with the kinetic results. The standard two-fluid tearing theory is extended to address the tearing instability at oblique angles. The resulting theory yields a flat oblique spectrum and underestimates the growth of oblique modes in a similar manner to kinetic theory relative to kinetic simulations. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Akcay, Cihan; Daughton, William] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lukin, Vyacheslav S.] Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Liu, Yi-Hsin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Akcay, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM akcay@lanl.gov RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; UCOP program from the University of California [12-LR-237124]; LANL Center for Nonlinear Studies; National Science Foundation; DOE/NNSA [DE-AC52-06NA25936]; [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank John Finn and Adam Stanier for valuable discussions and the anonymous referees for their suggestions. C.A. also thanks his late co-mentor Thomas Intrator for making his postdoctoral appointment at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) possible. This research was supported by funding from the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, from the UCOP program from the University of California under Grant No. 12-LR-237124, and the LANL Center for Nonlinear Studies. V.S.L. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation. We used the resources of the LANL Institutional Computing Program supported by DOE/NNSA under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25936 and those of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2016 VL 23 IS 1 AR 012112 DI 10.1063/1.4940945 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA DL7XM UT WOS:000375853700016 ER PT J AU Coburn, S Dix, B Edgerton, E Holmes, CD Kinnison, D Liang, Q ter Schure, A Wang, SY Volkamer, R AF Coburn, Sean Dix, Barbara Edgerton, Eric Holmes, Christopher D. Kinnison, Douglas Liang, Qing ter Schure, Arnout Wang, Siyuan Volkamer, Rainer TI Mercury oxidation from bromine chemistry in the free troposphere over the southeastern US SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS OXIDIZED MERCURY; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; FIRED POWER-PLANT; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; DRY DEPOSITION; INSTRUMENT CHARACTERIZATION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; BRO MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES AB The elevated deposition of atmospheric mercury over the southeastern United States is currently not well understood. Here we measure partial columns and vertical profiles of bromine monoxide (BrO) radicals, a key component of mercury oxidation chemistry, to better understand the processes and altitudes at which mercury is being oxidized in the atmosphere. We use data from a ground-based MAX-DOAS instrument located at a coastal site aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-1aEuro-km from the Gulf of Mexico in Gulf Breeze, FL, where we had previously detected tropospheric BrO (Coburn et al., 2011). Our profile retrieval assimilates information about stratospheric BrO from the WACCM chemical transport model (CTM), and uses only measurements at moderately low solar zenith angles (SZAs) to estimate the BrO slant column density contained in the reference spectrum (SCDRef). The approach has 2.6 degrees of freedom, and avoids spectroscopic complications that arise at high SZA; knowledge about SCDRef further helps to maximize sensitivity in the free troposphere (FT). A cloud-free case study day with low aerosol load (9 April 2010) provided optimal conditions for distinguishing marine boundary layer (MBL: 0-1aEuro-km) and free-tropospheric (FT: 1-15aEuro-km) BrO from the ground. The average daytime tropospheric BrO vertical column density (VCD) of aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-2.3aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(13)aEuro-molecaEuro-cm(-2) (SZAaEuro-aEuro parts per thousand < aEuro-70 degrees) is consistent with our earlier reports on other days. The vertical profile locates essentially all tropospheric BrO above 4aEuro-km, and shows no evidence for BrO inside the MBL (detection limitaEuro-aEuro parts per thousand < aEuro-0.5aEuro-pptv). BrO increases to aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-3.5aEuro-pptv at 10-15aEuro-km altitude, consistent with recent aircraft observations. Our case study day is consistent with recent aircraft studies, in that the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) by bromine radicals to form gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) is the dominant pathway for GEM oxidation throughout the troposphere above Gulf Breeze. The column integral oxidation rates are about 3.6aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand xaEuro-10(5)aEuro-molecaEuro-cm(-2)aEuro-s(-1) for bromine, while the contribution from ozone (O-3) is 0.8aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(5)aEuro-molecaEuro-cm(-2)aEuro-s(-1). Chlorine-induced oxidation is estimated to add < aEuro-5aEuro-% to these mercury oxidation rates. The GOM formation rate is sensitive to recently proposed atmospheric scavenging reactions of the HgBr adduct by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and to a lesser extent also HO2 radicals. Using a 3-D CTM, we find that surface GOM variations are also typical of other days, and are mainly derived from the FT. Bromine chemistry is active in the FT over Gulf Breeze, where it forms water-soluble GOM that is subsequently available for wet scavenging by thunderstorms or transport to the boundary layer. C1 [Coburn, Sean; Dix, Barbara; Wang, Siyuan; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coburn, Sean; Wang, Siyuan; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Edgerton, Eric] Atmospher Res & Anal ARA Inc, Plano, TX USA. [Holmes, Christopher D.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Kinnison, Douglas] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Liang, Qing] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [ter Schure, Arnout] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Wang, Siyuan] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Liang, Qing/B-1276-2011; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014 OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Holmes, Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954 FU NASA Earth and Space Science graduate fellowship; EPRI's Technology Innovation program [EP-P27450/C13049]; EPRI [EP-P32238/C14974]; US National Science Foundation [ATM-0847793, AGS-1104104]; CU Boulder startup funds FX Sean Coburn is the recipient of a NASA Earth and Space Science graduate fellowship. The CU MAX-DOAS instrument was developed with support from the EPRI's Technology Innovation program (EP-P27450/C13049). Financial support from EPRI (EP-P32238/C14974), US National Science Foundation (ATM-0847793, AGS-1104104), and CU Boulder startup funds is gratefully acknowledged. NR 92 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3743 EP 3760 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VG UT WOS:000374702300005 ER PT J AU Hansen, J Sato, M Hearty, P Ruedy, R Kelley, M Masson-Delmotte, V Russell, G Tselioudis, G Cao, JJ Rignot, E Velicogna, I Tormey, B Donovan, B Kandiano, E von Schuckmann, K Kharecha, P Legrande, AN Bauer, M Lo, KW AF Hansen, James Sato, Makiko Hearty, Paul Ruedy, Reto Kelley, Maxwell Masson-Delmotte, Valerie Russell, Gary Tselioudis, George Cao, Junji Rignot, Eric Velicogna, Isabella Tormey, Blair Donovan, Bailey Kandiano, Evgeniya von Schuckmann, Karina Kharecha, Pushker Legrande, Allegra N. Bauer, Michael Lo, Kwok-Wai TI Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 A degrees C global warming could be dangerous SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; INDUCED SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES; EARTHS ENERGY IMBALANCE; DEGLACIAL CO2 RISE; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB We use numerical climate simulations, paleoclimate data, and modern observations to study the effect of growing ice melt from Antarctica and Greenland. Meltwater tends to stabilize the ocean column, inducing amplifying feedbacks that increase subsurface ocean warming and ice shelf melting. Cold meltwater and induced dynamical effects cause ocean surface cooling in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic, thus increasing Earth's energy imbalance and heat flux into most of the global ocean's surface. Southern Ocean surface cooling, while lower latitudes are warming, increases precipitation on the Southern Ocean, increasing ocean stratification, slowing deepwater formation, and increasing ice sheet mass loss. These feedbacks make ice sheets in contact with the ocean vulnerable to accelerating disintegration. We hypothesize that ice mass loss from the most vulnerable ice, sufficient to raise sea level several meters, is better approximated as exponential than by a more linear response. Doubling times of 10, 20 or 40 years yield multi-meter sea level rise in about 50, 100 or 200 years. Recent ice melt doubling times are near the lower end of the 10-40-year range, but the record is too short to confirm the nature of the response. The feedbacks, including subsurface ocean warming, help explain paleoclimate data and point to a dominant Southern Ocean role in controlling atmospheric CO2, which in turn exercised tight control on global temperature and sea level. The millennial (500-2000-year) timescale of deep-ocean ventilation affects the timescale for natural CO2 change and thus the timescale for paleo-global climate, ice sheet, and sea level changes, but this paleo-millennial timescale should not be misinterpreted as the timescale for ice sheet response to a rapid, large, human-made climate forcing. These climate feedbacks aid interpretation of events late in the prior interglacial, when sea level rose to +6-9 m with evidence of extreme storms while Earth was less than 1 A degrees C warmer than today. Ice melt cooling of the North Atlantic and Southern oceans increases atmospheric temperature gradients, eddy kinetic energy and baroclinicity, thus driving more powerful storms. The modeling, paleoclimate evidence, and ongoing observations together imply that 2 A degrees C global warming above the preindustrial level could be dangerous. Continued high fossil fuel emissions this century are predicted to yield (1) cooling of the Southern Ocean, especially in the Western Hemisphere; (2) slowing of the Southern Ocean overturning circulation, warming of the ice shelves, and growing ice sheet mass loss; (3) slowdown and eventual shutdown of the Atlantic overturning circulation with cooling of the North Atlantic region; (4) increasingly powerful storms; and (5) nonlinearly growing sea level rise, reaching several meters over a timescale of 50-150 years. These predictions, especially the cooling in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic with markedly reduced warming or even cooling in Europe, differ fundamentally from existing climate change assessments. We discuss observations and modeling studies needed to refute or clarify these assertions. C1 [Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko; Kharecha, Pushker] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Climate Sci Awareness & Solut, New York, NY 10115 USA. [Hearty, Paul] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Studies, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Ruedy, Reto; Kelley, Maxwell; Lo, Kwok-Wai] Trinnovium LLC, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ruedy, Reto; Kelley, Maxwell; Russell, Gary; Tselioudis, George; Kharecha, Pushker; Legrande, Allegra N.; Bauer, Michael; Lo, Kwok-Wai] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Masson-Delmotte, Valerie] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Cao, Junji] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Key Lab Aerosol Chem & Phys, Xian 710075, Peoples R China. [Rignot, Eric; Velicogna, Isabella] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rignot, Eric; Velicogna, Isabella] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Tormey, Blair] Western Carolina Univ, Program Study Developed Shorelines, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. [Donovan, Bailey] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Kandiano, Evgeniya] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, GEOMAR, Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [von Schuckmann, Karina] Univ Toulon & Var, Mediterranean Inst Oceanog, La Garde, France. [Bauer, Michael] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Hansen, J (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Climate Sci Awareness & Solut, New York, NY 10115 USA. EM jeh1@columbia.edu RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie/G-1995-2011; Cao, Junji/D-3259-2014 OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie/0000-0001-8296-381X; Cao, Junji/0000-0003-1000-7241 FU Grantham Foundation for Protection of the Environment; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center FX This paper is dedicated to Wally Broecker, the "father of global warming", whose inquisitive mind has stimulated much of the world's research aimed at understanding global climate. Completion of this study was made possible by a generous gift from the Durst family to the Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions program at the Columbia University Earth Institute. That program was initiated in 2013 primarily via support from the Grantham Foundation for Protection of the Environment, Jim and Krisann Miller, and Gerry Lenfest and sustained via their continuing support. Other substantial support is provided by the Flora Family Foundation, Elisabeth Mannschott, Alexander Totic and Hugh Perrine. Concepts about "greenhouse, icehouse, madhouse" conditions during MIS 5e in Bermuda and the Bahamas were fostered by A. Conrad Neumann, while John T. Hollin understood nearly half a century ago the importance of West Antarctica's contributions to rapid climate, ice surge, and sea-level changes. We are grateful to numerous friends and colleagues who are passionate about the geology and natural history of Bermuda and the Bahamas. We thank Anders Carlson, Elsa Cortijo, Nil Irvali, Kurt Lambeck, Scott Lehman, and Ulysses Ninnemann for their kind provision of data and related information, the editors of ACP for development of effective publication mechanisms, and referees and commenters for many helpful suggestions on the discussion version of the paper. Support for climate simulations was provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 318 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 43 U2 67 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3761 EP 3812 PG 52 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VG UT WOS:000374702300006 ER PT J AU Muller, M Anderson, BE Beyersdorf, AJ Crawford, JH Diskin, GS Eichler, P Fried, A Keutsch, FN Mikoviny, T Thornhill, KL Walega, JG Weinheimer, AJ Yang, M Yokelson, RJ Wisthaler, A AF Mueller, Markus Anderson, Bruce E. Beyersdorf, Andreas J. Crawford, James H. Diskin, Glenn S. Eichler, Philipp Fried, Alan Keutsch, Frank N. Mikoviny, Tomas Thornhill, Kenneth L. Walega, James G. Weinheimer, Andrew J. Yang, Melissa Yokelson, Robert J. Wisthaler, Armin TI In situ measurements and modeling of reactive trace gases in a small biomass burning plume SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MCM V3 PART; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; EMISSION FACTORS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; RESOLUTION; PARTICLES; AEROSOL AB An instrumented NASA P-3B aircraft was used for airborne sampling of trace gases in a plume that had emanated from a small forest understory fire in Georgia, USA. The plume was sampled at its origin to derive emission factors and followed aEuro parts per thousand 13.6 km downwind to observe chemical changes during the first hour of atmospheric aging. The P-3B payload included a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS), which measured non-methane organic gases (NMOGs) at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution (10 m spatial/0.1 s temporal). Quantitative emission data are reported for CO2, CO, NO, NO2, HONO, NH3, and 16 NMOGs (formaldehyde, methanol, acetonitrile, propene, acetaldehyde, formic acid, acetone plus its isomer propanal, acetic acid plus its isomer glycolaldehyde, furan, isoprene plus isomeric pentadienes and cyclopentene, methyl vinyl ketone plus its isomers crotonaldehyde and methacrolein, methylglyoxal, hydroxy acetone plus its isomers methyl acetate and propionic acid, benzene, 2,3-butanedione, and 2-furfural) with molar emission ratios relative to CO larger than 1 ppbV ppmV(-1). Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 2-furfural, and methanol dominated NMOG emissions. No NMOGs with more than 10 carbon atoms were observed at mixing ratios larger than 50 pptV ppmV(-1) CO. Downwind plume chemistry was investigated using the observations and a 0-D photochemical box model simulation. The model was run on a nearly explicit chemical mechanism (MCM v3.3) and initialized with measured emission data. Ozone formation during the first hour of atmospheric aging was well captured by the model, with carbonyls (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 2,3-butanedione, methylglyoxal, 2-furfural) in addition to CO and CH4 being the main drivers of peroxy radical chemistry. The model also accurately reproduced the sequestration of NOx into peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and the OH-initiated degradation of furan and 2-furfural at an average OH concentration of 7.45 +/- 1.07 x 10(6)aEuro-cm(-3) in the plume. Formaldehyde, acetone/propanal, acetic acid/glycolaldehyde, and maleic acid/maleic anhydride (tentatively identified) were found to be the main NMOGs to increase during 1 h of atmospheric plume processing, with the model being unable to capture the observed increase. A mass balance analysis suggests that about 50 % of the aerosol mass formed in the downwind plume is organic in nature. C1 [Mueller, Markus; Eichler, Philipp; Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Mueller, Markus; Yokelson, Robert J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Anderson, Bruce E.; Beyersdorf, Andreas J.; Crawford, James H.; Diskin, Glenn S.; Thornhill, Kenneth L.; Yang, Melissa] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fried, Alan; Walega, James G.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mikoviny, Tomas; Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Thornhill, Kenneth L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Weinheimer, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Wisthaler, A (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.; Wisthaler, A (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. EM armin.wisthaler@uibk.ac.at RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Muller, Markus/L-1699-2014 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Muller, Markus/0000-0003-4110-8950 FU Austrian Space Applications Programme [833451, 840086]; Austrian Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT); European Commission [287382]; NASA; Visiting Scientist Program of the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA); NASA Earth Science Division [NNX12AC20G, NNX14AP45G] FX This work was primarily funded through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP 8 and 9, grants no. 833451 and no. 840086). ASAP is sponsored by the Austrian Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT) and administered by the Aeronautics and Space Agency (ALR) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). P. Eichler was funded through the PIMMS ITN supported by the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme under grant agreement number 287382. T. Mikoviny was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. A. Wisthaler received support from the Visiting Scientist Program of the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA). R. Yokelson acknowledges support by NASA Earth Science Division Awards NNX12AC20G and NNX14AP45G. DISCOVER-AQ was part of the NASA Earth Venture-1 (EV-1) program. John Barrick is acknowledged for providing wind data and camera images. The authors would like to thank the pilots and crew of NASA's P-3B and J. Raymond Joyce, Laurens County Extension Agent, for local inspection of the fire. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 14 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3813 EP 3824 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VG UT WOS:000374702300007 ER PT J AU Newman, S Xu, XM Gurney, KR Hsu, YK Li, KF Jiang, X Keeling, R Feng, S O'Keefe, D Patarasuk, R Wong, KW Rao, P Fischer, ML Yung, YL AF Newman, Sally Xu, Xiaomei Gurney, Kevin R. Hsu, Ying Kuang Li, King Fai Jiang, Xun Keeling, Ralph Feng, Sha O'Keefe, Darragh Patarasuk, Risa Wong, Kam Weng Rao, Preeti Fischer, Marc L. Yung, Yuk L. TI Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO2 emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; AIR-POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; COASTAL ENVIRONMENT; ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCES; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; CALIFORNIA; (CO2)-C-14; SCALE; QUANTIFICATION AB Large urban emissions of greenhouse gases result in large atmospheric enhancements relative to background that are easily measured. Using CO2 mole fractions and delta C-14 and delta C-13 values of CO2 in the Los Angeles megacity observed in inland Pasadena (2006-2013) and coastal Palos Verdes peninsula (autumn 2009-2013), we have determined time series for CO2 contributions from fossil fuel combustion (C-ff) for both sites and broken those down into contributions from petroleum and/or gasoline and natural gas burning for Pasadena. We find a 10 % reduction in Pasadena C-ff during the Great Recession of 2008-2010, which is consistent with the bottom-up inventory determined by the California Air Resources Board. The isotopic variations and total atmospheric CO2 from our observations are used to infer seasonality of natural gas and petroleum combustion. The trend of CO2 contributions to the atmosphere from natural gas combustion is out of phase with the seasonal cycle of total natural gas combustion seasonal patterns in bottom-up inventories but is consistent with the seasonality of natural gas usage by the area's electricity generating power plants. For petroleum, the inferred seasonality of CO2 contributions from burning petroleum is delayed by several months relative to usage indicated by statewide gasoline taxes. Using the high-resolution Hestia-LA data product to compare C-ff from parts of the basin sampled by winds at different times of year, we find that variations in observed fossil fuel CO2 reflect seasonal variations in wind direction. The seasonality of the local CO2 excess from fossil fuel combustion along the coast, on Palos Verdes peninsula, is higher in autumn and winter than spring and summer, almost completely out of phase with that from Pasadena, also because of the annual variations of winds in the region. Variations in fossil fuel CO2 signals are consistent with sampling the bottom-up Hestia-LA fossil CO2 emissions product for sub-city source regions in the LA megacity domain when wind directions are considered. C1 [Newman, Sally; Yung, Yuk L.] CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Xu, Xiaomei] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Gurney, Kevin R.; O'Keefe, Darragh; Patarasuk, Risa] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hsu, Ying Kuang] Air Resources Board, Monitoring & Lab Div, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA. [Li, King Fai] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jiang, Xun] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Keeling, Ralph] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Feng, Sha; Wong, Kam Weng; Rao, Preeti] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Earth Atmospher Sci, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Feng, Sha] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Newman, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM sally@gps.caltech.edu FU W. M. Keck Carbon Cycle Facility at UCI; Keck Institute for Space Studies; NASA [NNX13AC04G, NNX13AK34G]; California Air Resources Board [13-329] FX This work would not have been possible without support from the W. M. Keck Carbon Cycle Facility at UCI. We specifically thank J. Southon for his help with sample analysis. We acknowledge funding from the Keck Institute for Space Studies, NASA Grant NNX13AC04G, and NASA Grant NNX13AK34G. We also acknowledge funding from the California Air Resources Board Contract #13-329. The statements and conclusions in this report are those of the Contract and not necessarily those of the California Air Resources Board. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their use in connection with materials reported herein is not to be construed as actual or implied endorsement of such products. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for providing the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model used in this publication. We thank N. C. Shu for hosting the site on the Palos Verdes peninsula. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3843 EP 3863 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VG UT WOS:000374702300009 ER PT J AU Winiberg, FAF Dillon, TJ Orr, SC Gross, CBM Bejan, I Brumby, CA Evans, MJ Smith, SC Heard, DE Seakins, PW AF Winiberg, Frank A. F. Dillon, Terry J. Orr, Stephanie C. Gross, Christoph B. M. Bejan, Iustinian Brumby, Charlotte A. Evans, Matthew J. Smith, Shona C. Heard, Dwayne E. Seakins, Paul W. TI Direct measurements of OH and other product yields from the HO(2)aEuro- +aEuro-CH3C(O)O-2 reaction SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY HIRAC; HIGHLY INSTRUMENTED REACTOR; ORGANIC PEROXY-RADICALS; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; CH3C(O)O-2+HO2 REACTION; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ISOPRENE OXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS AB The reaction CH3C(O)O(2)aEuro-+aEuro-HO2 -> aEuro parts per thousand CH3C(O)OOHaEuro-+aEuro-O-2 (Reaction R5a), CH3C(O)OHaEuro-+aEuro-O-3 (Reaction R5b), CH(3)aEuro-+aEuro-CO(2)aEuro-+aEuro-OHaEuro-+aEuro-O-2 (Reaction R5c) was studied in a series of experiments conducted at 1000aEuro-mbar and (293aEuro-+/- aEuro-2)aEuro-K in the HIRAC simulation chamber. For the first time, products, (CH3C(O)OOH, CH3C(O)OH, O-3 and OH) from all three branching pathways of the reaction have been detected directly and simultaneously. Measurements of radical precursors (CH3OH, CH3CHO), HO2 and some secondary products HCHO and HCOOH further constrained the system. Fitting a comprehensive model to the experimental data, obtained over a range of conditions, determined the branching ratios alpha((R5a))aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand= aEuro-0.37aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.10, alpha((R5b)) = aEuro-0.12aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.04 and alpha((R5c)) = aEuro-0.51aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.12 (errors at 2 sigma level). Improved measurement/model agreement was achieved using k((R5)) = (2.4aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.4)aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(-11)aEuro-cm(3)aEuro-molecule(-1)aEuro-s(-1), which is within the large uncertainty of the current IUPAC and JPL recommended rate coefficients for the title reaction. The rate coefficient and branching ratios are in good agreement with a recent study performed by Gro et al. (2014b); taken together, these two studies show that the rate of OH regeneration through Reaction (R5) is more rapid than previously thought. GEOS-Chem has been used to assess the implications of the revised rate coefficients and branching ratios; the modelling shows an enhancement of up to 5 % in OH concentrations in tropical rainforest areas and increases of up to 10 % at altitudes of 6-8 km above the equator, compared to calculations based on the IUPAC recommended rate coefficient and yield. The enhanced rate of acetylperoxy consumption significantly reduces PAN in remote regions (up to 30 %) with commensurate reductions in background NOx. C1 [Winiberg, Frank A. F.; Orr, Stephanie C.; Bejan, Iustinian; Brumby, Charlotte A.; Smith, Shona C.; Heard, Dwayne E.; Seakins, Paul W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dillon, Terry J.; Gross, Christoph B. M.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Div Atmospher Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Dillon, Terry J.; Evans, Matthew J.] Univ York, Dept Chem, Wolfson Atmospher Chem Labs, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Evans, Matthew J.] Univ York, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Heard, Dwayne E.; Seakins, Paul W.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Winiberg, Frank A. F.] JPL, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Gross, Christoph B. M.] SCHOTT AG, Phys Analyt, Hattenbergstr 10, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. [Bejan, Iustinian] Alexandru Ioan Cuza Univ, Fac Chem, Iasi, Romania. [Bejan, Iustinian] Alexandru Ioan Cuza Univ, Integrated Ctr Environm Sci Studies North East De, Iasi, Romania. RP Seakins, PW (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.; Seakins, PW (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM p.w.seakins@leeds.ac.uk RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 FU NERC [NE/F018754/1]; EU programme EUROCHAMP-2 [228335]; Marie Curie Fellowship LAMAUNIO FX We are grateful for support from NERC through grant NE/F018754/1 and for studentships to FAFW and SCO. Support for Transnational Access to HIRAC for TD and CBMG was provided by the EU programme EUROCHAMP-2, grant no. 228335 and Marie Curie Fellowship LAMAUNIO for I. Bejan. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 4023 EP 4042 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VG UT WOS:000374702300018 ER PT J AU Seung, CK Muse, B Waters, EC AF Seung, Chang K. Muse, Ben Waters, Edward C. TI Net Economic Impacts of Recent Alaska Salmon Fishery Failures and Federal Relief SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX; INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL; AGRICULTURE AB Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha runs in several areas of Alaska have recently fallen well below expected levels. Using a social accounting matrix (SAM) model, this study calculated the net regional impacts on employment and income of the commercial salmon fishery failures stemming from these small runs, taking into account the effects of the federal fishery disaster funds received by commercial fishermen. The results indicate that federal relief funds reduced the adverse economic impacts but that the distribution of these funds to permit owners alone was not sufficient to compensate for the losses by other stakeholders. This study also shows that a SAM-type model is useful for policymakers in deciding how federal funds should be distributed among the various stakeholders affected by fishery failures. C1 [Seung, Chang K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Muse, Ben] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Reg Off, 709 West 9th St,Room 420, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chang.seung@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 351 EP 362 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1120831 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DJ9WW UT WOS:000374565000014 ER PT J AU Ito, A Inatomi, M Huntzinger, DN Schwalm, C Michalak, AM Cook, R King, AW Mao, JF Wei, YX Mac Post, W Wang, WL Arain, MA Huang, S Hayes, DJ Ricciuto, DM Shi, XY Huang, MY Lei, HM Tian, HQ Lu, CQ Yang, J Tao, B Jain, A Poulter, B Peng, SS Ciais, P Fisher, JB Parazoo, N Schaefer, K Peng, CH Zeng, N Zhao, F AF Ito, Akihiko Inatomi, Motoko Huntzinger, Deborah N. Schwalm, Christopher Michalak, Anna M. Cook, Robert King, Anthony W. Mao, Jiafu Wei, Yaxing Mac Post, W. Wang, Weile Arain, M. Altaf Huang, Suo Hayes, Daniel J. Ricciuto, Daniel M. Shi, Xiaoying Huang, Maoyi Lei, Huimin Tian, Hanqin Lu, Chaoqun Yang, Jia Tao, Bo Jain, Atul Poulter, Benjamin Peng, Shushi Ciais, Philippe Fisher, Joshua B. Parazoo, Nicholas Schaefer, Kevin Peng, Changhui Zeng, Ning Zhao, Fang TI Decadal trends in the seasonal-cycle amplitude of terrestrial CO2 exchange resulting from the ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric carbon dioxide; carbon cycle; climate change; land-use change; seasonal cycle; terrestrial ecosystem ID PROGRAM MULTISCALE SYNTHESIS; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-CYCLE; NORTHERN ECOSYSTEMS; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; FOREST PHENOLOGY; PLANT GEOGRAPHY; GROWING-SEASON; MAUNA-LOA AB The seasonal-cycle amplitude (SCA) of the atmosphere-ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange rate is a useful metric of the responsiveness of the terrestrial biosphere to environmental variations. It is unclear, however, what underlying mechanisms are responsible for the observed increasing trend of SCA in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Using output data from the Multi-scale Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP), we investigated how well the SCA of atmosphere-ecosystem CO2 exchange was simulated with 15 contemporary terrestrial ecosystem models during the period 1901-2010. Also, we made attempt to evaluate the contributions of potential mechanisms such as atmospheric CO2, climate, land-use, and nitrogen deposition, through factorial experiments using different combinations of forcing data. Under contemporary conditions, the simulated global-scale SCA of the cumulative net ecosystem carbon flux of most models was comparable in magnitude with the SCA of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Results from factorial simulation experiments showed that elevated atmospheric CO2 exerted a strong influence on the seasonality amplification. When the model considered not only climate change but also land-use and atmospheric CO2 changes, the majority of the models showed amplification trends of the SCAs of photosynthesis, respiration, and net ecosystem production (+0.19 % to +0.50 % yr(-1)). In the case of land- use change, it was difficult to separate the contribution of agricultural management to SCA because of inadequacies in both the data and models. The simulated amplification of SCA was approximately consistent with the observational evidence of the SCA in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Large inter-model differences remained, however, in the simulated global tendencies and spatial patterns of CO2 exchanges. Further studies are required to identify a consistent explanation for the simulated and observed amplification trends, including their underlying mechanisms. Nevertheless, this study implied that monitoring of ecosystem seasonality would provide useful insights concerning ecosystem dynamics. C1 [Ito, Akihiko] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ito, Akihiko] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Inatomi, Motoko] Ibaraki Univ, Dept Agr, Ami, Ibaraki 30003, Japan. [Huntzinger, Deborah N.; Schwalm, Christopher] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Schwalm, Christopher] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Michalak, Anna M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Stanford, CA USA. [Cook, Robert; King, Anthony W.; Mao, Jiafu; Wei, Yaxing; Mac Post, W.; Hayes, Daniel J.; Ricciuto, Daniel M.; Shi, Xiaoying] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cook, Robert; King, Anthony W.; Mao, Jiafu; Wei, Yaxing; Mac Post, W.; Hayes, Daniel J.; Ricciuto, Daniel M.; Shi, Xiaoying] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Wang, Weile] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Arain, M. Altaf; Huang, Suo] McMaster Univ, McMaster Ctr Climate Change, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Huang, Maoyi] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lei, Huimin] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Tian, Hanqin; Yang, Jia; Tao, Bo] Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Tian, Hanqin; Yang, Jia; Tao, Bo] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lu, Chaoqun] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Jain, Atul] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Poulter, Benjamin] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Peng, Shushi; Ciais, Philippe] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Fisher, Joshua B.; Parazoo, Nicholas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Schaefer, Kevin] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Peng, Changhui] Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Peng, Changhui] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Lab Ecol Forecasting & Global Change, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zeng, Ning; Zhao, Fang] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ito, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.; Ito, A (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. EM itoh@nies.go.jp RI Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; Lei, Huimin/H-9596-2015; Yang, Jia/A-6483-2012; Huang, Maoyi/I-8599-2012; Mao, Jiafu/B-9689-2012; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016 OI Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; Lei, Huimin/0000-0002-1175-2334; Yang, Jia/0000-0003-2019-9603; Huang, Maoyi/0000-0001-9154-9485; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373; Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228 FU NASA ROSES Grant [NNX10AG01A, NNH10AN681]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) through the Earth System Modeling program; U.S. DOE-BER; U.S. DOE-BER through the Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program (SBR) as part of the SBR Scientific Focus Area (SFA) at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO1830]; NASA [NNX11AD47G, NNX14AF93G, NNX08AL73G, NNX14AO73G, NNX10AU06G, NNG04GM39C]; NSF [AGS-1243232, AGS-1243220, CNH-1210360]; US DOE National Institute for Climate Change Research [DUKE-UN-07-SC-NICCR-1014]; US EPA STAR program [2004-STAR-L1]; GhG Europe FP7 grant; US DOE, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB956602]; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); KAKENHI Grant by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [26281014] FX Funding for the Multi-scale synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP; www.nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP.shtm) activity was provided through NASA ROSES Grant #NNX10AG01A. Data management support for preparing, documenting and distributing model driver and output data was performed by the Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL; www.nacp.ornl.gov), with funding through NASA ROSES Grant #NNH10AN681. Finalized MsTMIP data products are archived at the ORNL DAAC (www.daac.ornl.gov).; CLASS-CTEM-N+: CLASS and CTEM models were originally developed by the Climate Research Branch and Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCMa) of Environment Canada, respectively. MsTMIP related work was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) grants. Computational support was provided by the SHARCNET.; CLM4 research is supported in part by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-BATTELLE for DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.; CLM4VIC simulations were supported in part by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) through the Earth System Modeling program and performed using the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. DOE-BER and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Participation of M. Huang in the MsTMIP synthesis is supported by the U.S. DOE-BER through the Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program (SBR) as part of the SBR Scientific Focus Area (SFA) at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the U.S. DOE by BATTELLE Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830.; DLEM developed in International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, Auburn University, has been supported by NASA grants (NNX11AD47G; NNX14AF93G, NNX08AL73G, NNX14AO73G, NNX10AU06G, NNG04GM39C), NSF grants (AGS-1243232, AGS-1243220, CNH-1210360), US DOE National Institute for Climate Change Research (DUKE-UN-07-SC-NICCR-1014) and US EPA STAR program (2004-STAR-L1).; ORCHIDEE is a global land surface model developed at the IPSL institute in France. The simulations were performed with the support of the GhG Europe FP7 grant with computing facilities provided by 'LSCE' or 'TGCC'.; TEM6 research is supported in part by the US DOE, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research.; TRIPLEX-GHG was developed at University of Quebec at Montreal (Canada) and Northwest A&F University (China) and has been supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB956602) and the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discover Grant.; This study was supported by KAKENHI Grant No. 26281014 by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 28 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 EI 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PY 2016 VL 68 AR 28968 DI 10.3402/tellusb.v68.28968 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL8FH UT WOS:000375875700001 ER PT J AU Johnson, BT Olson, WS Skofronick-Jackson, G AF Johnson, B. T. Olson, W. S. Skofronick-Jackson, G. TI The microwave properties of simulated melting precipitation particles: sensitivity to initial melting SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RADAR REFLECTIVITY; SCATTERING; LAYER; MODEL; SIGNATURES AB A simplified approach is presented for assessing the microwave response to the initial melting of realistically shaped ice particles. This paper is divided into two parts: (1) a description of the Single Particle Melting Model (SPMM), a heuristic melting simulation for ice-phase precipitation particles of any shape or size (SPMM is applied to two simulated aggregate snow particles, simulating melting up to 0.15 melt fraction by mass), and (2) the computation of the single-particle microwave scattering and extinction properties of these hydrometeors, using the discrete dipole approximation (via DDSCAT), at the following selected frequencies: 13.4, 35.6, and 94.0 GHz for radar applications and 89, 165.0, and 183.31 GHz for radiometer applications. These selected frequencies are consistent with current microwave remote-sensing platforms, such as CloudSat and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. Comparisons with calculations using variable-density spheres indicate significant deviations in scattering and extinction properties throughout the initial range of melting (liquid volume fractions less than 0.15). Integration of the single-particle properties over an exponential particle size distribution provides additional insight into idealized radar reflectivity and passive microwave brightness temperature sensitivity to variations in size/mass, shape, melt fraction, and particle orientation. C1 [Johnson, B. T.; Olson, W. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Johnson, B. T.; Olson, W. S.; Skofronick-Jackson, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Johnson, BT (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.; Johnson, BT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM jbenjam@gmail.com FU NASA [NNX11AR55G, NNX10AI49G, NNX10AT36A] FX The majority of this investigation was supported by the NASA PMM (R. Kakar) and RST (L. Tsaoussi) programs - specifically NASA grants NNX11AR55G (PI: B. Johnson), NNX10AI49G (PI: W. Olson), and NNX10AT36A (PI: G. Skofronick-Jackson). NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.5194/amt-9-9-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MI UT WOS:000375610500002 ER PT J AU Weigel, K Rozanov, A Azam, F Bramstedt, K Damadeo, R Eichmann, KU Gebhardt, C Hurst, D Kraemer, M Lossow, S Read, W Spelten, N Stiller, GP Walker, KA Weber, M Bovensmann, H Burrows, JP AF Weigel, K. Rozanov, A. Azam, F. Bramstedt, K. Damadeo, R. Eichmann, K. -U. Gebhardt, C. Hurst, D. Kraemer, M. Lossow, S. Read, W. Spelten, N. Stiller, G. P. Walker, K. A. Weber, M. Bovensmann, H. Burrows, J. P. TI UTLS water vapour from SCIAMACHY limb measurements V3.01 (2002-2012) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; LOWER STRATOSPHERE UTLS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTRAL REGION; SATELLITE DATA; SAGE II; VALIDATION; RETRIEVAL; MIPAS AB The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) aboard the Envisat satellite provided measurements from August 2002 until April 2012. SCIAMACHY measured the scattered or direct sunlight using different observation geometries. The limb viewing geometry allows the retrieval of water vapour at about 10-25 km height from the near-infrared spectral range (1353-1410 nm). These data cover the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), a region in the atmosphere which is of special interest for a variety of dynamical and chemical processes as well as for the radiative forcing. Here, the latest data version of water vapour (V3.01) from SCIAMACHY limb measurements is presented and validated by comparisons with data sets from other satellite and in situ measurements. Considering retrieval tests and the results of these comparisons, the V3.01 data are reliable from about 11 to 23 km and the best results are found in the middle of the profiles between about 14 and 20 km. Above 20 km in the extra tropics V3.01 is drier than all other data sets. Additionally, for altitudes above about 19 km, the vertical resolution of the retrieved profile is not sufficient to resolve signals with a short vertical structure like the tape recorder. Below 14 km, SCIAMACHY water vapour V3.01 is wetter than most col-located data sets, but the high variability of water vapour in the troposphere complicates the comparison. For 14-20 km height, the expected errors from the retrieval and simulations and the mean differences to collocated data sets are usually smaller than 10% when the resolution of the SCIAMACHY data is taken into account. In general, the temporal changes agree well with collocated data sets except for the Northern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, where larger differences are observed. This indicates a possible drift in V3.01 most probably caused by the incomplete treatment of volcanic aerosols in the retrieval. In all other regions a good temporal stability is shown. In the tropical stratosphere an increase in water vapour is found between 2002 and 2012, which is in agreement with other satellite data sets for overlapping time periods. C1 [Weigel, K.; Rozanov, A.; Azam, F.; Bramstedt, K.; Eichmann, K. -U.; Gebhardt, C.; Weber, M.; Bovensmann, H.; Burrows, J. P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Damadeo, R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Hurst, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hurst, D.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kraemer, M.; Spelten, N.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Stratosphere IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Lossow, S.; Stiller, G. P.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Read, W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Gebhardt, C.] Earth Observat Ctr, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV DLR, Bremen, Germany. RP Weigel, K (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM weigel@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de RI Weber, Mark/F-1409-2011; Bovensmann, Heinrich/P-4135-2016; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014 OI Weber, Mark/0000-0001-8217-5450; Bovensmann, Heinrich/0000-0001-8882-4108; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580 FU DFG [FOR 1095, GZ WE 3647/3-1]; ESA Project SPIN (ESA SPARC Initiative); DLR Space Agency (Germany) [50EE0727]; SADOS (SCIAMACHY algorithm development and operations support), European Commission EC SCOUT-O3; University and State of Bremen; SCIAMACHY Quality Working Group Project (ESA); Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work has been supported by the DFG Research Unit FOR 1095 "Stratospheric Change and its role for Climate Prediction (SHARP)" (Project: GZ WE 3647/3-1; www.fu-berlin.de/sharp/) and the ESA Project SPIN (ESA SPARC Initiative). This study has been funded by the DLR Space Agency (Germany), grant 50EE0727, and SADOS (SCIAMACHY algorithm development and operations support), European Commission EC SCOUT-O3, by the University and State of Bremen, and by the SCIAMACHY Quality Working Group Project (ESA). Some data shown here were calculated on the German HLRN (High-Performance Computer Center North). We are thankful to the ECMWF for providing pressure, temperature, and surface elevation information and to the authors of the thread-safe FORTRAN library GALAHAD. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We thank Sam Oltmans and Dale F. Hurst (NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division) for providing NOAA FPH profile data. Our gratitude also goes to the HALOE science and data processing teams for providing the profiles used in this study. We thank the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology for providing MIPAS water vapour data based on the scientific IMK/IAA processor. The MLS data used in this research were produced by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Further thanks go to the NASA Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC) for providing SAGE II data. NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 133 EP 158 DI 10.5194/amt-9-133-2016 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MI UT WOS:000375610500011 ER PT J AU Roberto, N Adirosi, E Baldini, L Casella, D Dietrich, S Gatlin, P Panegrossi, G Petracca, M Sano, P Tokay, A AF Roberto, N. Adirosi, E. Baldini, L. Casella, D. Dietrich, S. Gatlin, P. Panegrossi, G. Petracca, M. Sano, P. Tokay, A. TI Multi-sensor analysis of convective activity in central Italy during the HyMeX SOP 1.1 SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID HYDROMETEOR IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM; POLARIZATION RADAR MEASUREMENTS; IN-SITU VERIFICATION; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; OPTICAL DISDROMETERS; PRECIPITATION RATES; LIGHTNING ACTIVITY; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MODEL AB A multi-sensor analysis of convective precipitation events that occurred in central Italy in autumn 2012 during the HyMeX (Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean experiment) Special Observation Period (SOP) 1.1 is presented. Various microphysical properties of liquid and solid hydrometeors are examined to assess their relationship with lightning activity. The instrumentation used consisted of a C-band dual-polarization weather radar, a 2-D video disdrometer, and the LINET lightning network. Results of T-matrix simulation for graupel were used to (i) tune a fuzzy logic hydrometeor classification algorithm based on Liu and Chandrasekar (2000) for the detection of graupel from C-band dual-polarization radar measurements and (ii) to retrieve graupel ice water content. Graupel mass from radar measurements was related to lightning activity. Three significant case studies were analyzed and linear relations between the total mass of graupel and number of LINET strokes were found with different slopes depending on the nature of the convective event (such as updraft strength and freezing level height) and the radar observational geometry. A high coefficient of determination (R-2 = 0.856) and a slope in agreement with satellite measurements and model results for one of the case studies (15 October 2012) were found. Results confirm that one of the key features in the electrical charging of convective clouds is the ice content, although it is not the only one. Parameters of the gamma raindrop size distribution measured by a 2-D video disdrometer revealed the transition from a convective to a stratiform regime. The raindrop size spectra measured by a 2-D video disdrometer were used to partition rain into stratiform and convective classes. These results are further analyzed in relation to radar measurements and to the number of strokes. Lightning activity was not always recorded when the precipitation regime was classified as convective rain. High statistical scores were found for relationships relating lightning activity to graupel aloft. C1 [Roberto, N.; Adirosi, E.; Baldini, L.; Casella, D.; Dietrich, S.; Panegrossi, G.; Petracca, M.; Sano, P.] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, Rome, Italy. [Gatlin, P.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Petracca, M.] Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Tokay, A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Tokay, A.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Roberto, N (reprint author), CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, Rome, Italy. EM nicoletta.roberto@artov.isac.cnr.it RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Dietrich, Stefano/C-3898-2015; OI Dietrich, Stefano/0000-0003-3808-365X; Baldini, Luca/0000-0001-5217-1205; Panegrossi, Giulia/0000-0002-5170-7087 NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 535 EP 552 DI 10.5194/amt-9-535-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MS UT WOS:000375612000014 ER PT J AU Barreto, A Cuevas, E Granados-Munoz, MJ Alados-Arboledas, L Romero, PM Grobner, J Kouremeti, N Almansa, AF Stone, T Toledano, C Roman, R Sorokin, M Holben, B Canini, M Yela, M AF Barreto, Africa Cuevas, Emilio Granados-Munoz, Maraia-Jose Alados-Arboledas, Lucas Romero, Pedro M. Groebner, Julian Kouremeti, Natalia Almansa, Antonio F. Stone, Tom Toledano, Carlos Roman, Roberto Sorokin, Mikhail Holben, Brent Canini, Marius Yela, Margarita TI The new sun-sky-lunar Cimel CE318-T multiband photometer - a comprehensive performance evaluation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; VAPOR COLUMN ABUNDANCE; WATER-VAPOR; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; STAR-PHOTOMETRY; SAHARAN DUST; RAMAN LIDAR; DESERT DUST; AERONET AB This paper presents the new photometer CE318-T, able to perform daytime and night-time photometric measurements using the sun and the moon as light source. Therefore, this new device permits a complete cycle of diurnal aerosol and water vapour measurements valuable to enhance atmospheric monitoring to be extracted. In this study we have found significantly higher precision of triplets when comparing the CE318-T master instrument and the Cimel AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) master (CE318-AERONET) triplets as a result of the new CE318-T tracking system. Regarding the instrument calibration, two new methodologies to transfer the calibration from a reference instrument using only daytime measurements (Sun Ratio and Sun-Moon gain factor techniques) are presented and discussed. These methods allow the reduction of the previous complexities inherent to nocturnal calibration. A quantitative estimation of CE318-T AOD uncertainty by means of error propagation theory during daytime revealed AOD uncertainties (u(AOD)(D)) for Langley-calibrated instruments similar to the expected values for other reference instruments (0.002-0.009). We have also found u(AOD)(D) values similar to the values reported in sun photometry for field instruments (similar to 0.015). In the case of the night-time period, the CE318-T-estimated standard combined uncertainty (u(AOD)(N)) is dependent not only on the calibration technique but also on illumination conditions and the instrumental noise. These values range from 0.011-0.018 for Lunar Langley-calibrated instruments to 0.012-0.021 for instruments calibrated using the Sun Ratio technique. In the case of moon-calibrated instruments using the Sun-Moon gain factor method and suncalibrated using the Langley technique, we found u(AOD)(N) ranging from 0.016 to 0.017 (up to 0.019 in 440 nm channel), not dependent on any lunar irradiance model. A subsequent performance evaluation including CE318-T and collocated measurements from independent reference instruments has served to assess the CE318-T performance as well as to confirm its estimated uncertainty. Daytime AOD evaluation, performed at Izana station from March to June 2014, encompassed measurements from a reference CE318-T, a CE318-AERONET master instrument, a Precision Filter Radiometer (PFR) and a Precision Spectroradiometer (PSR) prototype, reporting low AOD discrepancies between the four instruments (up to 0.006). The nocturnal AOD evaluation was performed using CE318-T- and starphotometer-collocated measurements and also by means of a day/night coherence transition test using the CE318-T master instrument and the CE318 daytime data from the CE318-AERONET master instrument. Results showed low discrepancies with the star photometer at 870 and 500 nm channels (<= 0.013) and differences with AERONET daytime data (1 h after and before sunset and sunrise) in agreement with the estimated u(AOD)(N) values at all illumination conditions in the case of channels within the visible spectral range, and only for high moon's illumination conditions in the case of near-infrared channels. Precipitable water vapour (PWV) validation showed a good agreement between CE318-T and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) PWV values for all illumination conditions, within the expected precision for sun photometry. Finally, two case studies have been included to highlight the ability of the new CE318-T to capture the diurnal cycle of aerosols and water vapour as well as short-term atmospheric variations, critical for climate studies. C1 [Barreto, Africa; Cuevas, Emilio; Romero, Pedro M.; Almansa, Antonio F.] Meteorol State Agcy Spain AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Madrid, Spain. [Barreto, Africa; Almansa, Antonio F.; Canini, Marius] Cimel Elect, Paris, France. [Granados-Munoz, Maraia-Jose; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Univ Granada, Dept Appl Phys, Granada, Spain. [Granados-Munoz, Maraia-Jose; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Univ Granada, IISTA CEAMA, Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res, Junta Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Groebner, Julian; Kouremeti, Natalia] PMOD WRC, Davos, Switzerland. [Stone, Tom] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Toledano, Carlos; Roman, Roberto] Univ Valladolid, Grp Opt Atmosfer, Valladolid, Spain. [Sorokin, Mikhail; Holben, Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Yela, Margarita] Natl Inst Aerosp Technol INTA, Instrumentat & Atmospher Res Dept, Madrid, Spain. RP Barreto, A (reprint author), Meteorol State Agcy Spain AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Madrid, Spain.; Barreto, A (reprint author), Cimel Elect, Paris, France. EM cimel1@aemet.es RI Toledano, Carlos/J-3672-2012; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/P-5630-2014; Yela, Margarita/J-7346-2016 OI Toledano, Carlos/0000-0002-6890-6648; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167; Yela, Margarita/0000-0003-3775-3156 FU European Community [262254]; Andalusia regional government [P12-RNM-2409, P10-RNM-6299]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology [CGL2013-45410-R]; EU through ACTRIS project [EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254] FX This work has been developed within the framework of the activities of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations (CIMO) Izana Testbed for Aerosols and Water Vapor Remote Sensing Instruments. The Granada GNSS station belongs to the Instituto Andaluz de Geofisica. The AERONET sun photometers at Izana have been calibrated within the AERONET-Europe TNA, supported by the European Community-Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 ACTRIS grant agreement no. 262254. The GAW-PFR network for AOD at WMO-GAW global observatories has been implemented by the World Optical Depth Research and Calibration Center (WORCC). This work has also been supported by the Andalusia regional government through projects P12-RNM-2409 and P10-RNM-6299, by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through project CGL2013-45410-R; and finally by the EU through ACTRIS project (EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254). The authors wish to thank to Angel Gomez Pelaez and Alberto Redondas for assisting the authors with the instrument's uncertainty estimation. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 631 EP 654 DI 10.5194/amt-9-631-2016 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MS UT WOS:000375612000020 ER PT J AU Kiel, M Wunch, D Wennberg, PO Toon, GC Hase, F Blumenstock, T AF Kiel, M. Wunch, D. Wennberg, P. O. Toon, G. C. Hase, F. Blumenstock, T. TI Improved retrieval of gas abundances from near-infrared solar FTIR spectra measured at the Karlsruhe TCCON station SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CO2; CALIBRATION; FTS; SPECTROMETERS; SURFACE; SITES AB We present a modified retrieval strategy for solar absorption spectra recorded by the Karlsruhe Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, which is operational within the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). In typical TCCON stations, the 3800-11 000 cm(-1) spectral region is measured on a single extended Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) detector. The Karlsruhe setup instead splits the spectrum across an Indium Antimonide (InSb) and InGaAs detector through the use of a dichroic beam splitter. This permits measurements further into the mid-infrared (MIR) that are of scientific interest, but are not considered TCCON measurements. This optical setup induces, however, larger variations in the continuum level of the solar spectra than the typical TCCON setup. Here we investigate the appropriate treatment of continuum-level variations in the retrieval strategy using the spectra recorded in Karlsruhe. The broad spectral windows used by TCCON require special attention with respect to residual curvature in the spectral fits. To accommodate the unique setup of Karlsruhe, higher-order discrete Legendre polynomial basis functions have been enabled in the TCCON retrieval code to fit the continuum. This improves spectral fits and air-mass dependencies for affected spectral windows. After fitting the continuum curvature, the Karlsruhe greenhouse gas records are in good agreement with other European TCCON data sets. C1 [Kiel, M.; Hase, F.; Blumenstock, T.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Wunch, D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kiel, M (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM matthaeus.kiel@kit.edu FU KIT Graduate School for Climate and Environment (GRACE); EU project NORS; NASA [NNX14AI60G]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology FX Special thanks are directed to the entire Caltech/JPL Team for making the author's stay at the California Institute of Technology possible. We would like to thank the KIT Graduate School for Climate and Environment (GRACE) for supporting this analysis. This work has been supported by the EU project NORS. We would like to thank NASA for support via grant NNX14AI60G. We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Open Access Publishing Fund of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 669 EP 682 DI 10.5194/amt-9-669-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MS UT WOS:000375612000022 ER PT J AU Kulawik, S Wunch, D O'Dell, C Frankenberg, C Reuter, M Oda, T Chevallier, F Sherlock, V Buchwitz, M Osterman, G Miller, CE Wennberg, PO Griffith, D Morino, I Dubey, MK Deutscher, NM Notholt, J Hase, F Warneke, T Sussmann, R Robinson, J Strong, K Schneider, M De Maziere, M Shiomi, K Feist, DG Iraci, LT Wolf, J AF Kulawik, Susan Wunch, Debra O'Dell, Christopher Frankenberg, Christian Reuter, Maximilian Oda, Tomohiro Chevallier, Frederic Sherlock, Vanessa Buchwitz, Michael Osterman, Greg Miller, Charles E. Wennberg, Paul O. Griffith, David Morino, Isamu Dubey, Manvendra K. Deutscher, Nicholas M. Notholt, Justus Hase, Frank Warneke, Thorsten Sussmann, Ralf Robinson, John Strong, Kimberly Schneider, Matthias De Maziere, Martine Shiomi, Kei Feist, Dietrich G. Iraci, Laura T. Wolf, Joyce TI Consistent evaluation of ACOS-GOSAT, BESD-SCIAMACHY, CarbonTracker, and MACC through comparisons to TCCON SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; SURFACE FLUXES; X-CO2 DATA; SATELLITE; MODEL; CYCLE; TRANSPORT AB Consistent validation of satellite CO2 estimates is a prerequisite for using multiple satellite CO2 measurements for joint flux inversion, and for establishing an accurate long-term atmospheric CO2 data record. Harmonizing satellite CO2 measurements is particularly important since the differences in instruments, observing geometries, sampling strategies, etc. imbue different measurement characteristics in the various satellite CO2 data products. We focus on validating model and satellite observation attributes that impact flux estimates and CO2 assimilation, including accurate error estimates, correlated and random errors, overall biases, biases by season and latitude, the impact of coincidence criteria, validation of seasonal cycle phase and amplitude, yearly growth, and daily variability. We evaluate dry-air mole fraction (X-CO2) for Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) (Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space, ACOS b3.5) and SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) (Bremen Optimal Estimation DOAS, BESD v2.00.08) as well as the CarbonTracker (CT2013b) simulated CO2 mole fraction fields and the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) CO2 inversion system (v13.1) and compare these to Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) observations (GGG2012/2014). We find standard deviations of 0.9, 0.9, 1.7, and 2.1 ppm vs. TCCON for CT2013b, MACC, GOSAT, and SCIAMACHY, respectively, with the single observation errors 1.9 and 0.9 times the predicted errors for GOSAT and SCIAMACHY, respectively. We quantify how satellite error drops with data averaging by interpreting according to error(2) = a(2) + b(2) / n (with n being the number of observations averaged, a the systematic (correlated) errors, and b the random (uncorrelated) errors). a and b are estimated by satellites, coincidence criteria, and hemisphere. Biases at individual stations have year-to-year variability of similar to 0.3 ppm, with biases larger than the TCCON-predicted bias uncertainty of 0.4 ppm at many stations. We find that GOSAT and CT2013b underpredict the seasonal cycle amplitude in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) between 46 and 53 degrees N, MACC overpredicts between 26 and 37 ffi N, and CT2013b underpredicts the seasonal cycle amplitude in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). The seasonal cycle phase indicates whether a data set or model lags another data set in time. We find that the GOSAT measurements improve the seasonal cycle phase substantially over the prior while SCIAMACHY measurements improve the phase significantly for just two of seven sites. The models reproduce the measured seasonal cycle phase well except for at Lauder_125HR (CT2013b) and Darwin (MACC). We compare the variability within 1 day between TCCON and models in JJA; there is correlation between 0.2 and 0.8 in the NH, with models showing 10-50% the variability of TCCON at different stations and CT2013b showing more variability than MACC. This paper highlights findings that provide inputs to estimate flux errors in model assimilations, and places where models and satellites need further investigation, e.g., the SH for models and 4567 ffi N for GOSAT and CT2013b. C1 [Kulawik, Susan] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Wunch, Debra; Frankenberg, Christian; Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [O'Dell, Christopher] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Frankenberg, Christian; Osterman, Greg; Miller, Charles E.; Wolf, Joyce] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Reuter, Maximilian; Buchwitz, Michael; Deutscher, Nicholas M.; Notholt, Justus; Warneke, Thorsten] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Oda, Tomohiro] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA. [Oda, Tomohiro] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Chevallier, Frederic; Sherlock, Vanessa] Meteorol Dynam Lab, Palaiseau, France. [Sherlock, Vanessa; Robinson, John] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Sherlock, Vanessa; Robinson, John] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Griffith, David; Deutscher, Nicholas M.] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Morino, Isamu] Natl Inst Environm Studies NIES, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Dubey, Manvendra K.; Schneider, Matthias] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hase, Frank; Sussmann, Ralf] Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK ASF, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Strong, Kimberly] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [De Maziere, Martine] Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Shiomi, Kei] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Earth Observat Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Feist, Dietrich G.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Iraci, Laura T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kulawik, S (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. EM susan.s.kulawik@nasa.gov RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Feist, Dietrich/B-6489-2013; Reuter, Maximilian/L-3752-2014; Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Feist, Dietrich/0000-0002-5890-6687; Reuter, Maximilian/0000-0001-9141-3895; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X FU NASA Roses ESDR-ERR [10/10-ESDRERR10-0031]; ESA (GHG-CCI project of ESA's Climate Change Initiative); University and state of Bremen; LANL-LDRD [20110081DR]; EU H2020 Programme (MACC III) [630080] FX Funded by NASA Roses ESDR-ERR 10/10-ESDRERR10-0031, "Estimation of biases and errors of CO2 satellite observations from AIRS, GOSAT, SCIAMACHY, TES, and OCO-2".; Maximilian Reuter and Michael Buchwitz received funding from ESA (GHG-CCI project of ESA's Climate Change Initiative) and from the University and state of Bremen.; Manvendra K. Dubey is grateful for the funding for monitoring at Four Corners by LANL-LDRD, 20110081DR.; Frederic Chevallier received funding from the EU H2020 Programme (grant agreement no. 630080, MACC III). NCEP Reanalysis data used in dynamic coincidence criteria were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Thanks to Andrew R. Jacobson for help with CarbonTracker. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 683 EP 709 DI 10.5194/amt-9-683-2016 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MS UT WOS:000375612000023 ER PT J AU Plieninger, J Laeng, A Lossow, S von Clarmann, T Stiller, GP Kellmann, S Linden, A Kiefer, M Walker, KA Noel, S Hervig, ME McHugh, M Lambert, A Urban, J Elkins, JW Murtagh, D AF Plieninger, Johannes Laeng, Alexandra Lossow, Stefan von Clarmann, Thomas Stiller, Gabriele P. Kellmann, Sylvia Linden, Andrea Kiefer, Michael Walker, Kaley A. Noel, Stefan Hervig, Mark E. McHugh, Martin Lambert, Alyn Urban, Joachim Elkins, James W. Murtagh, Donal TI Validation of revised methane and nitrous oxide profiles from MIPAS-ENVISAT SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVALS; ACE; TEMPERATURE; MISSION; HNO3; CLO; N2O; O-3; CH4 AB Improved versions of CH4 and N2O profiles derived at the Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research and Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC) from spectra measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) have become available. For the MIPAS full-resolution period (2002-2004) these are V5H_CH4_21 and V5H_N2O_21 and for the reduced-resolution period (2005-2012) these are V5R_CH4_224, V5R_CH4_225, V5R_N2O_224 and V5R_N2O_225. Here, we compare CH4 profiles to those measured by the Fourier Transform Spectrometer on board of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE-FTS), the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIA-MACHY), to the Global Cooperative Air Sampling Network (GCASN) surface data. We find the MIPAS CH4 profiles below 25 km to be typically higher of the order of 0.1 ppmv for both measurement periods. N2O profiles are compared to those measured by ACE-FTS, the Microwave Limb Sounder on board of the Aura satellite (Aura-MLS) and the Sub-millimetre Radiometer on board of the Odin satellite (Odin-SMR) as well as to the Halocarbons and other Atmospheric Trace Species Group (HATS) surface data. The mixing ratios of the satellite instruments agree well with each other for the full-resolution period. For the reduced-resolution period, MIPAS produces similar values as Odin-SMR, but higher values than ACE-FTS and HATS. Below 27 km, the MIPAS profiles show higher mixing ratios than Aura-MLS, and lower values between 27 and 41 km. Cross-comparisons between the two MIPAS measurement periods show that they generally agree quite well, but, especially for CH4, the reduced-resolution period seems to produce slightly higher mixing ratios than the full-resolution data. C1 [Plieninger, Johannes; Laeng, Alexandra; Lossow, Stefan; von Clarmann, Thomas; Stiller, Gabriele P.; Kellmann, Sylvia; Linden, Andrea; Kiefer, Michael] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Walker, Kaley A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Noel, Stefan] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Hervig, Mark E.] GATS Inc, Driggs, ID USA. [McHugh, Martin] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Lambert, Alyn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Elkins, James W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Urban, Joachim; Murtagh, Donal] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Plieninger, J (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM johannes.plieninger@kit.edu RI Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011 OI Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559 FU "Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM"; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Helmholtz Association of German research centres (HGF) FX J. Plieninger was funded by the "Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM" (Regional Climate Change), a joint research project of the Helmholtz Association of German research centres (HGF).; Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 765 EP 779 DI 10.5194/amt-9-765-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MS UT WOS:000375612000028 ER PT J AU McCorkel, J Cairns, B Wasilewski, A AF McCorkel, Joel Cairns, Brian Wasilewski, Andrzej TI Imager-to-radiometer in-flight cross calibration: RSP radiometric comparison with airborne and satellite sensors SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; OLI AB This work develops a method to compare the radiometric calibration between a radiometer and imagers hosted on aircraft and satellites. The radiometer is the airborne Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP), which takes multi-angle, photo-polarimetric measurements in several spectral channels. The RSP measurements used in this work were coincident with measurements made by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), which was on the same aircraft. These airborne measurements were also coincident with an overpass of the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). First we compare the RSP and OLI radiance measurements to AVIRIS since the spectral response of the multispectral instruments can be used to synthesize a spectrally equivalent signal from the imaging spectrometer data. We then explore a method that uses AVIRIS as a transfer between RSP and OLI to show that radiometric traceability of a satellite-based imager can be used to calibrate a radiometer despite differences in spectral channel sensitivities. This calibration transfer shows agreement within the uncertainty of both the various instruments for most spectral channels. C1 [McCorkel, Joel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Cairns, Brian; Wasilewski, Andrzej] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Wasilewski, Andrzej] Trinovim LLC, New York, NY USA. RP McCorkel, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM joel.mccorkel@nasa.gov RI McCorkel, Joel/D-4454-2012; OI McCorkel, Joel/0000-0003-2853-2036; Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 FU NASA; HySPIRI airborne preparatory program FX We would like to thank the NASA Radiation Sciences and Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry programs and the HySPIRI airborne preparatory program for funding the acquisition of airborne data that is used in this paper. We would also like to thank the NASA Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Decadal Survey mission for support in advancing sensor intercalibration techniques shown in this work. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 955 EP 962 DI 10.5194/amt-9-955-2016 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4NF UT WOS:000375613600006 ER PT J AU Taylor, TE O'Dell, CW Frankenberg, C Partain, PT Cronk, HQ Savtchenko, A Nelson, RR Rosenthal, EJ Chang, AY Fisher, B Osterman, GB Pollock, RH Crisp, D Eldering, A Gunson, MR AF Taylor, Thomas E. O'Dell, Christopher W. Frankenberg, Christian Partain, Philip T. Cronk, Heather Q. Savtchenko, Andrey Nelson, Robert R. Rosenthal, Emily J. Chang, Albert Y. Fisher, Brenden Osterman, Gregory B. Pollock, Randy H. Crisp, David Eldering, Annmarie Gunson, Michael R. TI Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) cloud screening algorithms: validation against collocated MODIS and CALIOP data SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; A-TRAIN; CO2 RETRIEVAL; AEROSOL; SPACE; AIRCRAFT; MISSION; CIRRUS; BIAS AB The objective of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission is to retrieve the column-averaged carbon dioxide (CO2) dry air mole fraction (X-CO2) from satellite measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared. These estimates can be biased by clouds and aerosols, i.e., contamination, within the instrument's field of view. Screening of the most contaminated soundings minimizes unnecessary calls to the computationally expensive Level 2 (L2) X-CO2 retrieval algorithm. Hence, robust cloud screening methods have been an important focus of the OCO-2 algorithm development team. Two distinct, computationally inexpensive cloud screening algorithms have been developed for this application. The A-Band Preprocessor (ABP) retrieves the surface pressure using measurements in the 0.76 mu m O-2 A band, neglecting scattering by clouds and aerosols, which introduce photon path-length differences that can cause large deviations between the expected and retrieved surface pressure. The Iterative Maximum A Posteriori (IMAP) Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) Preprocessor (IDP) retrieves independent estimates of the CO2 and H2O column abundances using observations taken at 1.61 mu m (weak CO2 band) and 2.06 mu m (strong CO2 band), while neglecting atmospheric scattering. The CO2 and H2O column abundances retrieved in these two spectral regions differ significantly in the presence of cloud and scattering aerosols. The combination of these two algorithms, which are sensitive to different features in the spectra, provides the basis for cloud screening of the OCO-2 data set. To validate the OCO-2 cloud screening approach, collocated measurements from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), aboard the Aqua platform, were compared to results from the two OCO-2 cloud screening algorithms. With tuning of algorithmic threshold parameters that allows for processing of similar or equal to 20-25% of all OCO-2 soundings, agreement between the OCO-2 and MODIS cloud screening methods is found to be similar or equal to 85% over four 16-day orbit repeat cycles in both the winter (December) and spring (April-May) for OCO-2 nadir-land, glint-land and glint-water observations. No major, systematic, spatial or temporal dependencies were found, although slight differences in the seasonal data sets do exist and validation is more problematic with increasing solar zenith angle and when surfaces are covered in snow and ice and have complex topography. To further analyze the performance of the cloud screening algorithms, an initial comparison of OCO-2 observations was made to collocated measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). These comparisons highlight the strength of the OCO-2 cloud screening algorithms in identifying high, thin clouds but suggest some difficulty in identifying some clouds near the surface, even when the optical thicknesses are greater than 1. C1 [Taylor, Thomas E.; O'Dell, Christopher W.; Partain, Philip T.; Cronk, Heather Q.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Frankenberg, Christian; Chang, Albert Y.; Fisher, Brenden; Osterman, Gregory B.; Pollock, Randy H.; Crisp, David; Eldering, Annmarie; Gunson, Michael R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Savtchenko, Andrey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 610-2 ADNET, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Nelson, Robert R.; Rosenthal, Emily J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Taylor, TE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tommy.taylor@colostate.edu RI Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU JPL [1439002]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The CSU contribution to this work was supported by JPL subcontract 1439002. A portion of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 973 EP 989 DI 10.5194/amt-9-973-2016 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4NF UT WOS:000375613600008 ER PT J AU Wandinger, U Freudenthaler, V Baars, H Amodeo, A Engelmann, R Mattis, I Gross, S Pappalardo, G Giunta, A D'Amico, G Chaikovsky, A Osipenko, F Slesar, A Nicolae, D Belegante, L Talianu, C Serikov, I Linne, H Jansen, F Apituley, A Wilson, KM de Graaf, M Trickl, T Giehl, H Adam, M Comeron, A Munoz-Porcar, C Rocadenbosch, F Sicard, M Tomas, S Lange, D Kumar, D Pujadas, M Molero, F Fernandez, AJ Alados-Arboledas, L Bravo-Aranda, JA Navas-Guzman, F Guerrero-Rascado, JL Granados-Munoz, MJ Preissler, J Wagner, F Gausa, M Grigorov, I Stoyanov, D Iarlori, M Rizi, V Spinelli, N Boselli, A Wang, X Lo Feudo, T Perrone, MR De Tomasi, F Burlizzi, P AF Wandinger, Ulla Freudenthaler, Volker Baars, Holger Amodeo, Aldo Engelmann, Ronny Mattis, Ina Gross, Silke Pappalardo, Gelsomina Giunta, Aldo D'Amico, Giuseppe Chaikovsky, Anatoli Osipenko, Fiodor Slesar, Alexander Nicolae, Doina Belegante, Livio Talianu, Camelia Serikov, Ilya Linne, Holger Jansen, Friedhelm Apituley, Arnoud Wilson, Keith M. de Graaf, Martin Trickl, Thomas Giehl, Helmut Adam, Mariana Comeron, Adolfo Munoz-Porcar, Constantino Rocadenbosch, Francesc Sicard, Michael Tomas, Sergio Lange, Diego Kumar, Dhiraj Pujadas, Manuel Molero, Francisco Fernandez, Alfonso J. Alados-Arboledas, Lucas Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio Navas-Guzman, Francisco Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose Preissler, Jana Wagner, Frank Gausa, Michael Grigorov, Ivan Stoyanov, Dimitar Iarlori, Marco Rizi, Vincenco Spinelli, Nicola Boselli, Antonella Wang, Xuan Lo Feudo, Teresa Perrone, Maria Rita De Tomasi, Ferdinando Burlizzi, Pasquale TI EARLINET instrument intercomparison campaigns: overview on strategy and results SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RAMAN LIDAR; MULTIWAVELENGTH LIDAR; AEROSOL EXTINCTION; BACKSCATTER LIDAR; PARAMETERS; FRAMEWORK; PROFILES; PROJECT; RATIO; DEPOLARIZATION AB This paper introduces the recent European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) quality-assurance efforts at instrument level. Within two dedicated campaigns and five single-site intercomparison activities, 21 EARLINET systems from 18 EARLINET stations were intercompared between 2009 and 2013. A comprehensive strategy for campaign setup and data evaluation has been established. Eleven systems from nine EARLINET stations participated in the EARLINET Lidar Intercomparison 2009 (EARLI09). In this campaign, three reference systems were qualified which served as traveling standards thereafter. EARLINET systems from nine other stations have been compared against these reference systems since 2009. We present and discuss comparisons at signal and at product level from all campaigns for more than 100 individual measurement channels at the wavelengths of 355, 387, 532, and 607 nm. It is shown that in most cases, a very good agreement of the compared systems with the respective reference is obtained. Mean signal deviations in predefined height ranges are typically below +/- 2 %. Particle backscatter and extinction coefficients agree within +/- 2 x 10(-4) km(-1) sr(-1) and +/- 0.01 km(-1), respectively, in most cases. For systems or channels that showed larger discrepancies, an in-depth analysis of deficiencies was performed and technical solutions and upgrades were proposed and realized. The intercomparisons have reinforced confidence in the EARLINET data quality and allowed us to draw conclusions on necessary system improvements for some instruments and to identify major challenges that need to be tackled in the future. C1 [Wandinger, Ulla; Baars, Holger; Engelmann, Ronny; Mattis, Ina] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Freudenthaler, Volker; Gross, Silke] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Amodeo, Aldo; Pappalardo, Gelsomina; Giunta, Aldo; D'Amico, Giuseppe; Boselli, Antonella] CNR, Ist Metodol Anal Ambientale, Potenza, Italy. [Chaikovsky, Anatoli; Osipenko, Fiodor; Slesar, Alexander] Natl Acad Sci Belarus, BI Stepanov Phys Inst, Minsk, Byelarus. [Nicolae, Doina; Belegante, Livio; Talianu, Camelia] Natl Inst Res & Dev Optoelect, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania. [Serikov, Ilya; Linne, Holger; Jansen, Friedhelm] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Apituley, Arnoud; Wilson, Keith M.; de Graaf, Martin] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Trickl, Thomas; Giehl, Helmut] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch Atmosphar Umweltforsc, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Adam, Mariana] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Comeron, Adolfo; Munoz-Porcar, Constantino; Rocadenbosch, Francesc; Sicard, Michael; Tomas, Sergio; Lange, Diego; Kumar, Dhiraj] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. [Pujadas, Manuel; Molero, Francisco; Fernandez, Alfonso J.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, Dept Environm, Madrid, Spain. [Alados-Arboledas, Lucas; Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio; Navas-Guzman, Francisco; Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis; Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose] Univ Granada, Fac Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Granada, Spain. [Alados-Arboledas, Lucas; Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio; Navas-Guzman, Francisco; Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis; Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose] Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res, Granada, Spain. [Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis; Preissler, Jana; Wagner, Frank] Univ Evora, Ctr Geofis Evora, Evora, Portugal. [Gausa, Michael] Andoya Rocket Range, Alomar, Andoya, Norway. [Grigorov, Ivan; Stoyanov, Dimitar] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Iarlori, Marco; Rizi, Vincenco] Univ Aquila, CETEMPS DSFC, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Spinelli, Nicola; Lo Feudo, Teresa] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Fis, Naples, Italy. [Spinelli, Nicola; Boselli, Antonella; Wang, Xuan; Lo Feudo, Teresa] Consorzio Nazl Interuniv Sci Fis Mat, Naples, Italy. [Wang, Xuan] CNR, Ist Superconduttori Mat Innovat & Disposit, Naples, Italy. [Wagner, Frank; Perrone, Maria Rita; De Tomasi, Ferdinando; Burlizzi, Pasquale] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Lecce, Italy. [Mattis, Ina] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Gross, Silke] Inst Atmospher Phys, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [de Graaf, Martin] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. [Adam, Mariana] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Tomas, Sergio] Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. [Lange, Diego] Univ Catolica Boliviana San Pablo, Cochabamba, Bolivia. [Kumar, Dhiraj] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Navas-Guzman, Francisco] Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose] Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Preissler, Jana] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Galway, Ireland. [Lo Feudo, Teresa] UOS Lamezia Terme, Ist Sci Atmosfera Clima, Consiglio Nazl Ric, Rome, Italy. RP Wandinger, U (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. EM ulla@tropos.de RI Nicolae, Doina/I-4999-2016; Rocadenbosch, Francesc/G-5060-2015; Sicard, Michael/K-9064-2013; Comeron, Adolfo/M-5507-2013; Trickl, Thomas/F-7331-2010; WANG, Xuan/F-1243-2011; Guerrero Rascado, Juan Luis/K-3631-2013; Molero, Francisco/H-4829-2012; Belegante, Livio/B-5812-2012; OI Rocadenbosch, Francesc/0000-0001-8614-4408; Sicard, Michael/0000-0001-8287-9693; Comeron, Adolfo/0000-0001-6886-3679; WANG, Xuan/0000-0002-0830-0898; Molero, Francisco/0000-0001-5075-0801; Navas Guzman, Francisco/0000-0002-0905-4385; Rizi, Vincenzo/0000-0002-5277-6527; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167; Guerrero-Rascado, J. L./0000-0002-8317-2304 FU European Commission [RICA-025991, 262254, 654109]; ESA under the ESRIN contract [22202/09/I-EC]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [TEC2012-34575]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [UNPC10-4E-442]; Department of Economy and Knowledge of the Catalonia autonomous government [2014 SGR 583]; [229907 FP7-REGPOT-2008-1] FX The financial support for EARLINET-ASOS by the European Commission in the Sixth Framework Programme under grant RICA-025991, for ACTRIS in the Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 262254, and for ACTRIS-2 in HORIZON 2020 under grant agreement no. 654109, as well as the ESA financial support under the ESRIN contract no. 22202/09/I-EC, are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Julia Fruntke, Christian Herold, and the technical staff of TROPOS for the logistical support, radiosonde launches, and weather forecast during EARLI09, as well as the Atmosphere Group of INTA-Madrid for their support with the radiosounding during SPALI10. The Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya wishes to acknowledge the technical and logistic support of Joaquim Giner and Ruben Tardio. The work of the INOE team was supported by grant no. 229907 FP7-REGPOT-2008-1. The Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya group received support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project TEC2012-34575) and of Science and Innovation (project UNPC10-4E-442), as well as from the Department of Economy and Knowledge of the Catalonia autonomous government (grant 2014 SGR 583). NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1001 EP 1023 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1001-2016 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4NF UT WOS:000375613600010 ER PT J AU Olsen, KS Toon, GC Boone, CD Strong, K AF Olsen, Kevin S. Toon, Geoffrey C. Boone, Chris D. Strong, Kimberly TI New temperature and pressure retrieval algorithm for high-resolution infrared solar occultation spectroscopy: analysis and validation against ACE-FTS and COSMIC SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; RADIO OCCULTATION; WATER-VAPOR; HERSCHEL/HIFI OBSERVATIONS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; 1ST DETECTION; MARS-EXPRESS; UPPER LIMITS; GALE CRATER AB Motivated by the initial selection of a high-resolution solar occultation Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) to fly to Mars on the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, we have been developing algorithms for retrieving volume mixing ratio vertical profiles of trace gases, the primary component of which is a new algorithm and software for retrieving vertical profiles of temperature and pressure from the spectra. In contrast to Earth-observing instruments, which can rely on accurate meteorological models, a priori information, and spacecraft position, Mars retrievals require a method with minimal reliance on such data. The temperature and pressure retrieval algorithms developed for this work were evaluated using Earth-observing spectra from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) FTS, a solar occultation instrument in orbit since 2003, and the basis for the instrument selected for a Mars mission. ACE-FTS makes multiple measurements during an occultation, separated in altitude by 1.5-5 km, and we analyse 10 CO2 vibration-rotation bands at each altitude, each with a different usable altitude range. We describe the algorithms and present results of their application and their comparison to the ACE-FTS data products. The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) provides vertical profiles of temperature up to 40 km with high vertical resolution. Using six satellites and GPS radio occultation, COSMIC's data product has excellent temporal and spatial coverage, allowing us to find coincident measurements with ACE with very tight criteria: less than 1.5 h and 150 km. We present an intercomparison of temperature profiles retrieved from ACE-FTS using our algorithm, that of the ACE Science Team (v3.5), and from COSMIC. When our retrievals are compared to ACE-FTS v3.5, we find mean differences between -5 and +2K and that our retrieved profiles have no seasonal or zonal biases but do have a warm bias in the stratosphere and a cold bias in the mesosphere. When compared to COSMIC, we do not observe a warm/cool bias and mean differences are between -4 and +1 K. COSMIC comparisons are restricted to below 40 km, where our retrievals have the best agreement with ACE-FTS v3.5. When comparing ACE-FTS v3.5 to COSMIC we observe a cold bias in COSMIC of 0.5 K, and mean differences are between -0.9 and +0.6 K. C1 [Olsen, Kevin S.; Strong, Kimberly] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Toon, Geoffrey C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Boone, Chris D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Olsen, KS (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM ksolsen@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca FU CSA; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX Funding for this project was provided by the CSA and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). We would like to thank the ACE Science Team for providing Level 1 data (spectra), for providing other input and output files from their own retrievals, and for their help and input throughput the project. We want to thank members of TCCON and collaborators on MATMOS for help with GGG and retrieval theory. The COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center provided their data for comparison through the website http://cdaac-www.cosmic.ucar.edu/cdaac/. NCEP reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA from their website http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1063 EP 1082 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1063-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4NF UT WOS:000375613600014 ER PT J AU Granados-Munoz, MJ Bravo-Aranda, JA Baumgardner, D Guerrero-Rascado, JL Perez-Ramirez, D Navas-Guzman, F Veselovskii, I Lyamani, H Valenzuela, A Olmo, FJ Titos, G Andrey, J Chaikovsky, A Dubovik, O Gil-Ojeda, M Alados-Arboledas, L AF Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Juan Baumgardner, Darrel Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Perez-Ramirez, Daniel Navas-Guzman, Francisco Veselovskii, Igor Lyamani, Hassan Valenzuela, Antonio Jose Olmo, Francisco Titos, Gloria Andrey, Javier Chaikovsky, Anatoli Dubovik, Oleg Gil-Ojeda, Manuel Alados-Arboledas, Lucas TI A comparative study of aerosol microphysical properties retrieved from ground-based remote sensing and aircraft in situ measurements during a Saharan dust event SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MULTIWAVELENGTH LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PARTICLE COUNTERS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; RAMAN LIDAR; MINERAL DUST; DESERT DUST; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LINEAR-ESTIMATION; DEPOLARIZATION RATIOS; CIRCULAR-CYLINDERS AB reveal the presence of dust layers between 3 and 5 km a.s.l. with volume concentrations of the coarse spheroid mode up to 60 mu m(3) cm(3). The combined use of the regularization and LIRIC methods reveals the night-to-day evolution of the vertical structure of the mineral dust microphysical properties and offers complementary information to that from column-integrated variables retrieved from passive remote sensing. Additionally, lidar depolarization profiles and LIRIC retrieved volume concentration are compared with aircraft in situ measurements. This study presents for the first time a comparison of the total volume concentration retrieved with LIRIC with independent in situ measurements, obtaining agreement within the estimated uncertainties for both methods and quite good agreement for the vertical distribution of the aerosol layers. Regarding the depolarization, the first published data set of the CAS-POL for polarization ratios is presented here and qualitatively compared with the lidar technique.In this work we present an analysis of aerosol microphysical properties during a mineral dust event taking advantage of the combination of different state-of-the-art retrieval techniques applied to active and passive remote sensing measurements and the evaluation of some of those techniques using independent data acquired from in situ aircraft measurements. Data were collected in a field campaign performed during a mineral dust outbreak at the Granada, Spain, experimental site (37.16 degrees N, 3.61 degrees W, 680ma.s.l.) on 27 June 2011. Column-integrated properties are provided by sun-and star-photometry, which allows for a continuous evaluation of the mineral dust optical properties during both day and nighttime. Both the linear estimation and AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) inversion algorithms are applied for the retrieval of the column-integrated microphysical particle properties. In addition, vertically resolved microphysical properties are obtained from a multi-wavelength Raman lidar system included in EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network), by using both LIRIC (Lidar Radiometer Inversion Code) algorithm during daytime and an algorithm applied to the Raman measurements based on the regularization technique during nighttime. LIRIC retrievals C1 [Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria; Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Juan; Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Juan; Lyamani, Hassan; Valenzuela, Antonio; Jose Olmo, Francisco; Titos, Gloria; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res IISTA CEAMA, Avd Mediterraneo, Granada 18006, Spain. [Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria; Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Juan; Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Juan; Lyamani, Hassan; Valenzuela, Antonio; Jose Olmo, Francisco; Titos, Gloria; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas] Univ Granada, Dept Appl Phys, Fuentenueva S-N, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Baumgardner, Darrel] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Perez-Ramirez, Daniel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perez-Ramirez, Daniel] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Navas-Guzman, Francisco] Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Veselovskii, Igor] Inst Gen Phys, Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. [Andrey, Javier; Gil-Ojeda, Manuel] Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Ctra Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejon De Ardoz 28850, Spain. [Chaikovsky, Anatoli] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Minsk, Byelarus. [Dubovik, Oleg] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, Bat P5 Cite Sci, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Andrey, Javier] Meteo France, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. RP Granados-Munoz, MJ (reprint author), Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res IISTA CEAMA, Avd Mediterraneo, Granada 18006, Spain.; Granados-Munoz, MJ (reprint author), Univ Granada, Dept Appl Phys, Fuentenueva S-N, E-18071 Granada, Spain.; Granados-Munoz, MJ (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA. EM mamunoz@jpl.nasa.gov RI Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/Q-1129-2016; Guerrero Rascado, Juan Luis/K-3631-2013; Olmo Reyes, Francisco Jose/F-7621-2016; OI Perez-Ramirez, Daniel/0000-0002-7679-6135; Titos Vela, Gloria/0000-0003-3630-5079; Olmo Reyes, Francisco Jose/0000-0002-0186-1721; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167; Guerrero-Rascado, J. L./0000-0002-8317-2304 FU Andalusia Regional Government [P12-RNM-2409]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CGL2013-45410-R]; European Union's Horizon research and innovation programme through project ACTRIS-2 [654109]; ACTRIS (European Union) [262254]; [AP2009-0552] FX This work was supported by the Andalusia Regional Government through project P12-RNM-2409, by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project CGL2013-45410-R and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through project ACTRIS-2 (grant agreement No 654109). The authors thankfully acknowledge the FEDER program for the instrumentation used in this work. CIMEL Calibration was performed at the AERONET-EUROPE calibration center, supported by ACTRIS (European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 262254. M. J. Granados-Munoz was funded under grant AP2009-0552. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources, technical expertise, and assistance provided by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center for the BSC-DREAM8b model dust data. The authors express gratitude to the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and those at the NRL-Monterey that helped in the development of the NAAPS model. We also express our gratitude to the developers of LIRIC algorithm and software. We also thank N. T. O'Neill for providing the Spectral Deconvolution Algorithm used in the star-photometer. Thanks are also due to INTA Aerial Platforms, a branch of the Spanish ICTS program, and the Spanish Air Force for their efforts in maintaining and operating the aircraft. We would like to thank Ping Yang of Texas A&M University for providing the results of his simulations of light scattering from different types of ice crystals. NR 100 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1113 EP 1133 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1113-2016 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4NF UT WOS:000375613600017 ER PT J AU Chaikovsky, A Dubovik, O Holben, B Bril, A Goloub, P Tanre, D Pappalardo, G Wandinger, U Chaikovskaya, L Denisov, S Grudo, J Lopatin, A Karol, Y Lapyonok, T Amiridis, V Ansmann, A Apituley, A Alados-Arboledas, L Binietoglou, I Boselli, A D'Amico, G Freudenthaler, V Giles, D Granados-Munoz, MJ Kokkalis, P Nicolae, D Oshchepkov, S Papayannis, A Perrone, MR Pietruczuk, A Rocadenbosch, F Sicard, M Slutsker, I Talianu, C De Tomasi, F Tsekeri, A Wagner, J Wang, X AF Chaikovsky, Anatoli Dubovik, Oleg Holben, Brent Bril, Andrey Goloub, Philippe Tanre, Didier Pappalardo, Gelsomina Wandinger, Ulla Chaikovskaya, Ludmila Denisov, Sergey Grudo, Jan Lopatin, Anton Karol, Yana Lapyonok, Tatsiana Amiridis, Vassilis Ansmann, Albert Apituley, Arnoud Alados-Arboledas, Lucas Binietoglou, Ioannis Boselli, Antonella D'Amico, Giuseppe Freudenthaler, Volker Giles, David Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria Kokkalis, Panayotis Nicolae, Doina Oshchepkov, Sergey Papayannis, Alex Perrone, Maria Rita Pietruczuk, Alexander Rocadenbosch, Francesc Sicard, Michael Slutsker, Ilya Talianu, Camelia De Tomasi, Ferdinando Tsekeri, Alexandra Wagner, Janet Wang, Xuan TI Lidar-Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) for the retrieval of vertical aerosol properties from combined lidar/radiometer data: development and distribution in EARLINET SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; DESERT DUST; EYJAFJALLAJOKULL ERUPTION; MULTIWAVELENGTH LIDAR; PARTICLE PROPERTIES; POLARIZATION LIDAR; SUN-PHOTOMETER; SAHARAN DUST AB This paper presents a detailed description of LIRIC (LIdar-Radiometer Inversion Code) algorithm for simultaneous processing of coincident lidar and radiometric (sun photometric) observations for the retrieval of the aerosol concentration vertical profiles. As the lidar/radiometric input data we use measurements from European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) lidars and collocated sun-photometers of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The LIRIC data processing provides sequential inversion of the combined lidar and radiometric data. The algorithm starts with the estimations of column-integrated aerosol parameters from radiometric measurements followed by the retrieval of height dependent concentrations of fine and coarse aerosols from lidar signals using integrated column characteristics of aerosol layer as a priori constraints. The use of polarized lidar observations allows us to discriminate between spherical and non-spherical particles of the coarse aerosol mode. The LIRIC software package was implemented and tested at a number of EARLINET stations. Intercomparison of the LIRIC-based aerosol retrievals was performed for the observations by seven EARLINET lidars in Leipzig, Germany on 25 May 2009. We found close agreement between the aerosol parameters derived from different lidars that supports high robustness of the LIRIC algorithm. The sensitivity of the retrieval results to the possible reduction of the available observation data is also discussed. C1 [Chaikovsky, Anatoli; Bril, Andrey; Chaikovskaya, Ludmila; Denisov, Sergey; Grudo, Jan; Lopatin, Anton; Karol, Yana; Oshchepkov, Sergey] NAS Belarus, Inst Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. [Dubovik, Oleg; Goloub, Philippe; Tanre, Didier; Lapyonok, Tatsiana] Univ Lille, LOA, F-59650 Lille, France. [Holben, Brent; Giles, David; Slutsker, Ilya] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MA 20771 USA. [Pappalardo, Gelsomina; Boselli, Antonella; D'Amico, Giuseppe] CNR IMAA, I-85050 Potenza, Italy. [Wandinger, Ulla; Ansmann, Albert; Wagner, Janet] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Amiridis, Vassilis; Kokkalis, Panayotis; Tsekeri, Alexandra] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron Astrophys Space Applicat & Remote Sen, Athens 15236, Greece. [Apituley, Arnoud] KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3731 De Bilt, Netherlands. [Alados-Arboledas, Lucas; Jose Granados-Munoz, Maria] Univ Granada, Autonomous Govt Andalusia, Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res IISTA CEAMA, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Binietoglou, Ioannis; Nicolae, Doina; Talianu, Camelia] Natl Inst R&D Optoelect, Magurele 77125, Romania. [Boselli, Antonella; Wang, Xuan] Consorzio Nazl Interuniv Sci Fis Materia, I-80138 Naples, Italy. [Freudenthaler, Volker] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Kokkalis, Panayotis; Papayannis, Alex] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens 15780, Greece. [Perrone, Maria Rita; De Tomasi, Ferdinando] Consorzio Nazl Interuniv Sci Fis Materia CNISM, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Perrone, Maria Rita; De Tomasi, Ferdinando] Univ Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Pietruczuk, Alexander] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, PL-01452 Warsaw, Poland. [Rocadenbosch, Francesc; Sicard, Michael] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Inst Space Studies Catalonia IEEC, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Remote Sensing Lab RSLAB, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RP Chaikovsky, A (reprint author), NAS Belarus, Inst Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. EM chaikov@dragon.bas-net.by RI Amiridis, Vassilis/G-6769-2012; Nicolae, Doina/I-4999-2016; Sicard, Michael/K-9064-2013; WANG, Xuan/F-1243-2011; Binietoglou, Ioannis/B-7976-2016; Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose/G-9308-2014 OI Amiridis, Vassilis/0000-0002-1544-7812; Sicard, Michael/0000-0001-8287-9693; WANG, Xuan/0000-0002-0830-0898; Binietoglou, Ioannis/0000-0002-0065-9791; Granados-Munoz, Maria Jose/0000-0001-8718-5914 FU European Union [654109]; ACTRIS Research Infrastructure project within the European Union [262254]; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme [289923 - ITARS] FX The financial support by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ACTRIS-2, grant agreement no. 654109) is gratefully acknowledged. The background of LIRIC algorithm and software was developed under the ACTRIS Research Infrastructure project, grant agreement no. 262254, within the European Union Seventh Framework Programme, which financial support is gratefully acknowledged.r I. Binietoglou received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under the grant agreement no. 289923 - ITARS. NR 90 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1181 EP 1205 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1181-2016 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4NF UT WOS:000375613600021 ER PT J AU Chen, Z DeLand, M Bhartia, PK AF Chen, Zhong DeLand, Matthew Bhartia, Pawan K. TI A new algorithm for detecting cloud height using OMPS/LP measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LIDAR DATA; AEROSOL; CALIPSO; PERFORMANCE; RETRIEVAL; PRODUCTS; BAND AB The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS/LP) ozone product requires the determination of cloud height for each event to establish the lower boundary of the profile for the retrieval algorithm. We have created a revised cloud detection algorithm for LP measurements that uses the spectral dependence of the vertical gradient in radiance between two wavelengths in the visible and near-IR spectral regions. This approach provides better discrimination between clouds and aerosols than results obtained using a single wavelength. Observed LP cloud height values show good agreement with coincident Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) measurements. C1 [Chen, Zhong; DeLand, Matthew] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Bhartia, Pawan K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM zhong.chen@ssaihq.com FU NASA [NNG12HP08C] FX We thank Mark Schoeberl for his insightful comments on the development of this algorithm. Zhong Chen and Matthew DeLand were supported by NASA contract NNG12HP08C. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1239 EP 1246 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1239-2016 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4NF UT WOS:000375613600024 ER PT J AU Choi, M Kim, J Lee, J Kim, M Park, YJ Jeong, U Kim, W Hong, H Holben, B Eck, TF Song, CH Lim, JH Song, CK AF Choi, Myungje Kim, Jhoon Lee, Jaehwa Kim, Mijin Park, Young-Je Jeong, Ukkyo Kim, Woogyung Hong, Hyunkee Holben, Brent Eck, Thomas F. Song, Chul H. Lim, Jae-Hyun Song, Chang-Keun TI GOCI Yonsei Aerosol Retrieval (YAER) algorithm and validation during the DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVAL; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE; ACE-ASIA; SURFACE REFLECTIVITY; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; INVERSION ALGORITHM; COLUMN CLOSURE; SOURCE REGIONS; GLOBAL OCEAN AB The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) onboard the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) is the first multi-channel ocean color imager in geostationary orbit. Hourly GOCI top-of-atmosphere radiance has been available for the retrieval of aerosol optical properties over East Asia since March 2011. This study presents improvements made to the GOCI Yonsei Aerosol Retrieval (YAER) algorithm together with validation results during the Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks - Northeast Asia 2012 campaign (DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign). The evaluation during the spring season over East Asia is important because of high aerosol concentrations and diverse types of Asian dust and haze. Optical properties of aerosol are retrieved from the GOCI YAER algorithm including aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm, fine-mode fraction (FMF) at 550 nm, single-scattering albedo (SSA) at 440 nm, Angstrom exponent (AE) between 440 and 860 nm, and aerosol type. The aerosol models are created based on a global analysis of the Aerosol Robotic Networks (AERONET) inversion data, and covers a broad range of size distribution and absorptivity, including nonspherical dust properties. The Cox-Munk ocean bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model is used over ocean, and an improved minimum reflectance technique is used over land. Because turbid water is persistent over the Yellow Sea, the land algorithm is used for such cases. The aerosol products are evaluated against AERONET observations and MODIS Collection 6 aerosol products retrieved from Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB) algorithms during the DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign conducted from March to May 2012. Comparison of AOD from GOCI and AERONET resulted in a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.881 and a linear regression equation with GOCI AOD = 1.083 x AERONET AOD -0.042. The correlation between GOCI and MODIS AODs is higher over ocean than land. GOCI AOD shows better agreement with MODIS DB than MODIS DT. The other GOCI YAER products (AE, FMF, and SSA) show lower correlation with AERONET than AOD, but still show some skills for qualitative use. C1 [Choi, Myungje; Kim, Jhoon; Kim, Mijin; Jeong, Ukkyo; Kim, Woogyung] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Lee, Jaehwa] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Jaehwa; Holben, Brent; Eck, Thomas F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Park, Young-Je] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Korea Ocean Satellite Ctr, Ansan, South Korea. [Hong, Hyunkee] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Spatial Informat Engn, Busan 608737, South Korea. [Eck, Thomas F.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Song, Chul H.] GIST, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Gwangju, South Korea. [Lim, Jae-Hyun; Song, Chang-Keun] NIER, Inchon, South Korea. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jkim2@yonsei.ac.kr RI Song, Chang-Keun/S-2255-2016; OI Song, Chang-Keun/0000-0002-8811-2626; Choi, Myungje/0000-0002-2488-2840 FU Ministry of Environment, Korea; Eco Innovation Program of KEITI [2012000160002] FX We thank the Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) for the development and application of GOCI in this research. We also thank all principal investigators and their staff for establishing and maintaining the AERONET sites of the DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign used in this investigation. We also thank the MODIS science team for providing valuable data for this research. This research was supported by the GEMS program of the Ministry of Environment, Korea, and the Eco Innovation Program of KEITI (2012000160002). NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1377 EP 1398 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1377-2016 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4NF UT WOS:000375613600034 ER PT J AU Marchant, B Platnick, S Meyer, K Arnold, GT Riedi, J AF Marchant, Benjamin Platnick, Steven Meyer, Kerry Arnold, G. Thomas Riedi, Jerome TI MODIS Collection 6 shortwave-derived cloud phase classification algorithm and comparisons with CALIOP SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; THERMODYNAMIC PHASE; PRECIPITABLE WATER; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; CLIMATE; INSTRUMENT; RADIATION; POLDER; EARTH AB Cloud thermodynamic phase (ice, liquid, undetermined) classification is an important first step for cloud retrievals from passive sensors such as MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). Because ice and liquid phase clouds have very different scattering and absorbing properties, an incorrect cloud phase decision can lead to substantial errors in the cloud optical and microphysical property products such as cloud optical thickness or effective particle radius. Furthermore, it is well established that ice and liquid clouds have different impacts on the Earth's energy budget and hydrological cycle, thus accurately monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of these clouds is of continued importance. For MODIS Collection 6 (C6), the shortwave-derived cloud thermodynamic phase algorithm used by the optical and microphysical property retrievals has been completely rewritten to improve the phase discrimination skill for a variety of cloudy scenes (e.g., thin/thick clouds, over ocean/land/desert/snow/ice surface, etc). To evaluate the performance of the C6 cloud phase algorithm, extensive granule-level and global comparisons have been conducted against the heritage C5 algorithm and CALIOP. A wholesale improvement is seen for C6 compared to C5. C1 [Marchant, Benjamin; Platnick, Steven; Meyer, Kerry; Arnold, G. Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Marchant, Benjamin; Meyer, Kerry] USRA Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Arnold, G. Thomas] SSAI Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Riedi, Jerome] Univ Lille 1, LOA, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Marchant, B (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.; Marchant, B (reprint author), USRA Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. EM benjamin.marchant@nasa.gov RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016 OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1587 EP 1599 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1587-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4OC UT WOS:000375616100012 ER PT J AU Nelson, RR O'Dell, CW Taylor, TE Mandrake, L Smyth, M AF Nelson, Robert R. O'Dell, Christopher W. Taylor, Thomas E. Mandrake, Lukas Smyth, Mike TI The potential of clear-sky carbon dioxide satellite retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; COLUMN CO2; GLOBAL CO2; SPACE; GOSAT; SUNLIGHT; AEROSOL; CH4; PERFORMANCE; NETWORK AB Since the launch of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) in 2009, retrieval algorithms designed to infer the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide (X-CO2) from hyperspectral near-infrared observations of reflected sunlight have been greatly improved. They now generally include the scattering effects of clouds and aerosols, as early work found that absorption-only retrievals, which neglected these effects, often incurred unacceptably large errors, even for scenes with optically thin cloud or aerosol layers. However, these "full-physics" retrievals tend to be computationally expensive and may incur biases from trying to deduce the properties of clouds and aerosols when there are none present. Additionally, algorithms are now available that can quickly and effectively identify and remove most scenes in which cloud or aerosol scattering plays a significant role. In this work, we test the hypothesis that non-scattering, or "clear-sky", retrievals may perform as well as full-physics retrievals for sufficiently clear scenes. Clear-sky retrievals could potentially avoid errors and biases brought about by trying to infer properties of clouds and aerosols when none are present. Clear-sky retrievals are also desirable because they are orders of magnitude faster than full-physics retrievals. Here we use a simplified version of the Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) X-CO2 retrieval algorithm that does not include the scattering and absorption effects of clouds or aerosols. It was found that for simulated Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) measurements, the clear-sky retrieval had errors comparable to those of the full-physics retrieval. For real GOSAT data, the clear-sky retrieval had errors 0-20% larger than the full-physics retrieval over land and errors roughly 20-35% larger over ocean, depending on filtration level. In general, the clear-sky retrieval had X-CO2 root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of less than 2.0 ppm, relative to Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measurements and a suite of CO2 models, when adequately filtered through the use of a custom genetic algorithm filtering system. These results imply that non-scattering X-CO2 retrievals are potentially more useful than previous literature suggests, as the filtering methods we employ are able to remove measurements in which scattering can cause significant errors. Additionally, the computational benefits of non-scattering retrievals means they may be useful for certain applications that require large amounts of data but have less stringent error requirements. C1 [Nelson, Robert R.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [O'Dell, Christopher W.; Taylor, Thomas E.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mandrake, Lukas; Smyth, Mike] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Nelson, RR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rrnelson@atmos.colostate.edu FU NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA JPL OCO-2) [1 439 002]; American Meteorological Society (AMS) FX The authors would like to thank Natalie Tourville, Scott Denning, and Chris Kummerow of Colorado State University for their contributions to this work along with the three reviewers for their helpful comments. Funding sources for this research include the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA JPL OCO-2 Subcontract #1 439 002) and the American Meteorological Society (AMS) Graduate Fellowship Program. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1671 EP 1684 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1671-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4OC UT WOS:000375616100018 ER PT J AU Meyer, K Platnick, S Arnold, GT Holz, RE Veglio, P Yorks, J Wang, CX AF Meyer, Kerry Platnick, Steven Arnold, G. Thomas Holz, Robert E. Veglio, Paolo Yorks, John Wang, Chenxi TI Cirrus cloud optical and microphysical property retrievals from eMAS during SEAC(4)RS using bi-spectral reflectance measurements within the 1.88 mu m water vapor absorption band SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC FLUXES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; COOLING RATES; PART II; ICE; MODIS; SCATTERING; THICKNESS; CHANNELS; SPECTROMETER AB Previous bi-spectral imager retrievals of cloud optical thickness (COT) and effective particle radius (CER) based on the Nakajima and King (1990) approach, such as those of the operational MODIS cloud optical property retrieval product (MOD06), have typically paired a non-absorbing visible or near-infrared wavelength, sensitive to COT, with an absorbing shortwave or mid-wave infrared wavelength sensitive to CER. However, in practice it is only necessary to select two spectral channels that exhibit a strong contrast in cloud particle absorption. Here it is shown, using eMAS observations obtained during NASA's SEAC(4)RS field campaign, that selecting two absorbing wavelength channels within the broader 1.88 mu m water vapor absorption band, namely the 1.83 and 1.93 mu m channels that have sufficient differences in ice crystal single scattering albedo, can yield COT and CER retrievals for thin to moderately thick single-layer cirrus that are reasonably consistent with other solar and IR imager-based and lidar-based retrievals. A distinct advantage of this channel selection for cirrus cloud retrievals is that the below-cloud water vapor absorption minimizes the surface contribution to measured cloudy top-of-atmosphere reflectance, in particular compared to the solar window channels used in heritage retrievals such as MOD06. This reduces retrieval uncertainty resulting from errors in the surface reflectance assumption and reduces the frequency of retrieval failures for thin cirrus clouds. C1 [Meyer, Kerry] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Meyer, Kerry; Platnick, Steven; Arnold, G. Thomas; Yorks, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Arnold, G. Thomas] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Holz, Robert E.; Veglio, Paolo] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wang, Chenxi] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Meyer, K (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Meyer, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM kerry.meyer@nasa.gov RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016 OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200 FU NASA; Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling funding (NASA) [NNX15AD44G] FX The authors would like to thank Jeff Myers and Roseanne Dominguez for their extensive work on eMAS calibration and level-1 data processing. The authors would also like to thank Gala Wind for her extensive development of the shared-core retrieval code used by the operational MOD06 products and its application to other space-borne and airborne sensors such as eMAS and Nandana Amarasinghe for his efforts toward enhancing our forward radiative transfer modeling capabilities. This research was supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program for participation in the SEAC4RS field campaign and by Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling funding (NASA grant NNX15AD44G, PI Bastiaan van Diedenhoven). NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1743 EP 1753 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1743-2016 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4OC UT WOS:000375616100022 ER PT J AU Meyer, K Yang, YK Platnick, S AF Meyer, Kerry Yang, Yuekui Platnick, Steven TI Uncertainties in cloud phase and optical thickness retrievals from the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; TOP HEIGHT; MODIS; SCATTERING; ALGORITHMS; TERRA; ISCCP AB This paper presents an investigation of the expected uncertainties of a single-channel cloud optical thickness (COT) retrieval technique, as well as a simple cloud-temperature-threshold-based thermodynamic phase approach, in support of the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) mission. DSCOVR cloud products will be derived from Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) observations in the ultraviolet and visible spectra. Since EPIC is not equipped with a spectral channel in the short-wave or mid-wave infrared that is sensitive to cloud effective radius (CER), COT will be inferred from a single visible channel with the assumption of appropriate CER values for liquid and ice phase clouds. One month of Aqua MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daytime granules from April 2005 is selected for investigating cloud phase sensitivity, and a subset of these granules that has similar EPIC Sun-view geometry is selected for investigating COT uncertainties. EPIC COT retrievals are simulated with the same algorithm as the operational MODIS cloud products (MOD06), except using fixed phase-dependent CER values. Uncertainty estimates are derived by comparing the single-channel COT retrievals with the baseline bi-spectral MODIS retrievals. Results show that a single-channel COT retrieval is feasible for EPIC. For ice clouds, single-channel retrieval errors are minimal (<2 %) due to the particle size insensitivity of the assumed ice crystal (i.e., severely roughened aggregate of hexagonal columns) scattering properties at visible wavelengths, while for liquid clouds the error is mostly limited to within 10 %, although for thin clouds (COT < 2) the error can be higher. Potential uncertain-ties in EPIC cloud masking and cloud temperature retrievals are not considered in this study. C1 [Meyer, Kerry; Yang, Yuekui] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Meyer, Kerry; Yang, Yuekui; Platnick, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Meyer, K (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Meyer, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kerry.meyer@nasa.gov RI Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Yang, Yuekui/B-4326-2015; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016 OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200 FU NASA [NNX15AB51G]; NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX The authors would like to thank the leadership team of the NASA component of the DSCOVR project for their support of the development of the EPIC science algorithms, in particular Alexander Marshak, as well as the continued MOD06 cloud retrieval algorithm development support of Galina Wind and Nandana Amarasinghe. This research was supported by NASA grant NNX15AB51G (DSCOVR Earth Science Algorithms program managed by Richard Eckman, PI Yuekui Yang) and by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1785 EP 1797 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1785-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4OC UT WOS:000375616100025 ER PT J AU Fountoulakis, I Redondas, A Bais, AF Rodriguez-Franco, JJ Fragkos, K Cede, A AF Fountoulakis, Ilias Redondas, Alberto Bais, Alkiviadis F. Jose Rodriguez-Franco, Juan Fragkos, Konstantinos Cede, Alexander TI Dead time effect on the Brewer measurements: correction and estimated uncertainties SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; SPECTRAL UV IRRADIANCE; TOTAL OZONE; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; SPECTROPHOTOMETER; THESSALONIKI; DIOXIDE; TRENDS; COLUMN; SPECTRORADIOMETER AB Brewer spectrophotometers are widely used instruments which perform spectral measurements of the direct, the scattered and the global solar UV irradiance. By processing these measurements a variety of secondary products can be derived such as the total columns of ozone (TOC), sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and aerosol optical properties. Estimating and limiting the uncertainties of the final products is of critical importance. High-quality data have a lot of applications and can provide accurate estimations of trends. The dead time is specific for each instrument and improper correction of the raw data for its effect may lead to important errors in the final products. The dead time value may change with time and, with the currently used methodology, it cannot always be determined accurately. For specific cases, such as for low ozone slant columns and high intensities of the direct solar irradiance, the error in the retrieved TOC, due to a 10 ns change in the dead time from its value in use, is found to be up to 5 %. The error in the calculation of UV irradiance can be as high as 12% near the maximum operational limit of light intensities. While in the existing documentation it is indicated that the dead time effects are important when the error in the used value is greater than 2 ns, we found that for single-monochromator Brewers a 2 ns error in the dead time may lead to errors above the limit of 1% in the calculation of TOC; thus the tolerance limit should be lowered. A new routine for the determination of the dead time from direct solar irradiance measurements has been created and tested and a validation of the operational algorithm has been performed. Additionally, new methods for the estimation and the validation of the dead time have been developed and are analytically described. Therefore, the present study, in addition to highlighting the importance of the dead time for the processing of Brewer data sets, also provides useful information for their quality control and re-evaluation. C1 [Fountoulakis, Ilias; Bais, Alkiviadis F.; Fragkos, Konstantinos] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Atmospher Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Redondas, Alberto; Jose Rodriguez-Franco, Juan] Agencia Estatal Meteorol, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. [Cede, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Cede, Alexander] LuftBlick, Kreith, Austria. RP Fountoulakis, I (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Atmospher Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. EM iliasnf@auth.gr RI Fragkos, Konstantinos/Q-6885-2016; OI Fragkos, Konstantinos/0000-0002-3009-2407; Redondas, Alberto/0000-0002-4826-6823 FU COST ( European Cooperation in Science and Technology) FX This article is based upon work from COST Action ES1207 "A European Brewer Network (EUBREWNET)", supported by COST ( European Cooperation in Science and Technology). We would like to thank J. M. San Atanasio for providing data that, although not included, helped in deriving safer conclusions and P. Kiedron for his recommendations and discussions of various topics addressed in this study. We also acknowledge V. Savastiouk and the second, anonymous, reviewer for their constructive reviews and comments that helped improving the quality of this paper. In particular, we are indebted to V. Savastiouk for his detailed suggestions in addressing properly the calculation of the dead time when the Sun is used as radiation source instead of the Brewer internal standard lamp. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1799 EP 1816 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1799-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4OC UT WOS:000375616100026 ER PT J AU de Boer, G Palo, S Argrow, B LoDolce, G Mack, J Gao, RS Telg, H Trussel, C Fromm, J Long, CN Bland, G Maslanik, J Schmid, B Hock, T AF de Boer, Gijs Palo, Scott Argrow, Brian LoDolce, Gabriel Mack, James Gao, Ru-Shan Telg, Hagen Trussel, Cameron Fromm, Joshua Long, Charles N. Bland, Geoff Maslanik, James Schmid, Beat Hock, Terry TI The Pilatus unmanned aircraft system for lower atmospheric research SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AERIAL VEHICLE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOLS; DISTRIBUTIONS; TROPOSPHERE; RADIATION; TRANSPORT; PROFILES; DESIGN; UAS AB This paper presents details of the University of Colorado (CU) "Pilatus" unmanned research aircraft, assembled to provide measurements of aerosols, radiation and thermodynamics in the lower troposphere. This aircraft has a wingspan of 3.2m and a maximum take-off weight of 25 kg, and it is powered by an electric motor to reduce engine exhaust and concerns about carburetor icing. It carries instrumentation to make measurements of broadband up-and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation, aerosol particle size distribution, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and pressure and to collect video of flights for subsequent analysis of atmospheric conditions during flight. In order to make the shortwave radiation measurements, care was taken to carefully position a high-quality compact inertial measurement unit (IMU) and characterize the attitude of the aircraft and its orientation to the upward-looking radiation sensor. Using measurements from both of these sensors, a correction is applied to the raw radiometer measurements to correct for aircraft attitude and sensor tilt relative to the sun. The data acquisition system was designed from scratch based on a set of key driving requirements to accommodate the variety of sensors deployed. Initial test flights completed in Colorado provide promising results with measurements from the radiation sensors agreeing with those from a nearby surface site. Additionally, estimates of surface albedo from onboard sensors were consistent with local surface conditions, including melting snow and bright runway surface. Aerosol size distributions collected are internally consistent and have previously been shown to agree well with larger, surface-based instrumentation. Finally the atmospheric state measurements evolve as expected, with the near-surface atmosphere warming over time as the day goes on, and the atmospheric relative humidity decreasing with increased temperature. No directional bias on measured temperature, as might be expected due to uneven heating of the sensor housing over the course of a racetrack pattern, was detected. The results from these flights indicate that the CU Pilatus platform is capable of performing research-grade lower tropospheric measurement missions. C1 [de Boer, Gijs; Palo, Scott; Argrow, Brian; LoDolce, Gabriel; Mack, James; Telg, Hagen; Trussel, Cameron; Fromm, Joshua; Long, Charles N.; Maslanik, James] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Boer, Gijs; Gao, Ru-Shan; Long, Charles N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bland, Geoff] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. [Schmid, Beat] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hock, Terry] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP de Boer, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; de Boer, G (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM gijs.deboer@colorado.edu RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Telg, Hagen/0000-0002-4911-2703 FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0011459] FX Funding for the development and upcoming deployment of the aircraft to Alaska is provided by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) programs under grant DE-SC0011459. Instrumentation for operations is on loan from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (CGR4s and SPN1s), the National Center for Atmospheric Research (PTH module), the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (POPS) and University of Colorado Research and Engineering Center for Unmanned Vehicles (VectorNav). We wish to thank Douglas Weibel and Tevis Nichols for their contributions to operation of the aircraft during test flights and Jack Elston for his input into the initial discussions for this project. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1845 EP 1857 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1845-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4OC UT WOS:000375616100029 ER PT J AU Colosimo, SF Natraj, V Sander, SP Stutz, J AF Colosimo, Santo Fedele Natraj, Vijay Sander, Stanley P. Stutz, Jochen TI A sensitivity study on the retrieval of aerosol vertical profiles using the oxygen A-band SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING ATMOSPHERE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; EXTINCTION; ABSORPTION; O-2; SCIAMACHY; MISSION AB Atmospheric absorption in the O-2 A-band (12 950-13 200 cm(-1)) offers a unique opportunity to retrieve aerosol extinction profiles from space-borne measurements due to the large dynamic range of optical thickness in that spectral region. Absorptions in strong O-2 lines are saturated; therefore, any radiance measured in these lines originates from scattering in the upper part of the atmosphere. Outside of O-2 lines, or in weak lines, the atmospheric column absorption is small, and light penetrates to lower atmospheric layers, allowing for the quantification of aerosols and other scatterers near the surface. While the principle of aerosol profile retrieval using O-2 A-band absorption from space is well-known, a thorough quantification of the information content, i.e., the amount of vertical profile information that can be obtained, and the dependence of the information content on the spectral resolution of the measurements, has not been thoroughly conducted. Here, we use the linearized vector radiative transfer model VLIDORT to perform spectrally resolved simulations of atmospheric radiation in the O-2 A-band for four different aerosol extinction profile scenarios: urban (urban-rural areas), highly polluted (megacity areas with large aerosol extinction), elevated layer (identifying elevated plumes, for example for biomass burning) and low extinction (representative of small aerosol extinction, such as vegetated, marine and arctic areas). The high-resolution radiances emerging from the top of the atmosphere measurements are degraded to different spectral resolutions, simulating spectrometers with different resolving powers. We use optimal estimation theory to quantify the information content in the aerosol profile retrieval with respect to different aerosol parameters and instrument spectral resolutions. The simulations show that better spectral resolution generally leads to an increase in the total amount of information that can be retrieved, with the number of degrees of freedom (DoF) varying between 0.34-2.01 at low resolution (5 cm(-1)) to 3.43-5.38 at high resolution (0.05 cm(-1)) among all the different cases. A particularly strong improvement was found in the retrieval of tropospheric aerosol extinction profiles in the lowest 5 km of the atmosphere. At high spectral resolutions (0.05 cm(-1)), 1.18-1.48 and 1.31-1.96 DoF can be obtained in the lower (0-2 km) and middle (2-5 km) troposphere, respectively, for the different cases. Consequently, a separation of lower and mid tropospheric aerosols is possible, implying the feasibility of identification of elevated biomass burning aerosol plumes (elevated layer scenario). We find that a higher single scattering albedo (SSA) allows for the retrieval of more aerosol information. However, the dependence on SSA is weaker at higher spectral resolutions. The vegetation (surface albedo 0.3), marine (surface albedo 0.05) and arctic (surface albedo 0.9) cases show that the dependence of DoF on the surface albedo decreases with higher resolution. At low resolution (5 cm(-1)), the DoF are 1.19 for the marine case, 0.73 for the vegetation case and 0.34 for the arctic case, but increase considerably at 0.05 cm(-1) resolution to 3.84 (marine) and 3.43 (both vegetation and arctic), showing an improvement of a factor of 10 for the arctic case. Vegetation and arctic case also show the same DoF at higher resolution, showing that an increase of albedo beyond a certain value, i.e., 0.3 in our case, does not lead to a larger information content. The simulations also reveal a moderate dependence of information content on the integration time of the measurements, i.e., the noise of the spectra. However, our results indicate that a larger increase in DoF is obtained by an increase in spectral resolution despite lower signal-to-noise ratios. C1 [Colosimo, Santo Fedele; Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Natraj, Vijay; Sander, Stanley P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Colosimo, SF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM fedele@atmos.ucla.edu FU NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory through the Strategic University Research Partnership (SURP) program FX This work was funded by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory through the Strategic University Research Partnership (SURP) program. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1889 EP 1905 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1889-2016 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4OC UT WOS:000375616100032 ER PT J AU Arumugam, DD AF Arumugam, Darmindra D. TI Single-Anchor 2-D Magnetoquasistatic Position Sensing for Short to Long Ranges Above Ground SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic fields; magnetoquasistatics; radio position measurement ID COMPLEX IMAGE THEORY; ORIENTATION AB Recent developments in long-range magnetoquasistatic position sensing have enabled the decoupling of one-dimensional (1-D) range and orientation of the mobile device to be sensed. By advancing the theory, we demonstrate accurate two-dimensional (2-D) position sensing using a single-anchor system through the decoupling of azimuthal-direction angle of the mobile device. The result is 2-D positioning with a mean geometrical 2-D position error of 0.26 m for ranges up to 30 m using a single-anchor receiver system-not relying on triangulation/trilateration. C1 [Arumugam, Darmindra D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Arumugam, DD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM darmindra.d.arumugam@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 EI 1548-5757 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2016 VL 15 BP 1325 EP 1328 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2015.2507603 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DK5YN UT WOS:000374997300005 ER PT J AU Wissink, AM Potsdam, M Sankaran, V Sitaraman, J Mavriplis, D AF Wissink, Andrew M. Potsdam, Mark Sankaran, Venkateswaran Sitaraman, Jayanarayanan Mavriplis, Dimitri TI A Dual-Mesh Unstructured Adaptive Cartesian Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach for Hover Prediction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLOW-FIELD; ROTOR; AERODYNAMICS; SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; SCHEMES; SOLVER; GRIDS AB A dual-mesh overset computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is employed to predict the aerodynamic performance of hovering rotors. Two different CFD solvers are applied in different parts of the computational domain: a body-fitted unstructured solver near the blade surface to capture complex geometry and viscous boundary layer and a high-order block-structured Cartesian solver away from the blade to capture the wake. The Cartesian solver applies adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) to resolve tip vortices. Results are demonstrated for calculations of the Tilt Rotor Aero-acoustics Model (TRAM) isolated rotor. The results show that the dual-mesh scheme is able to compute aerodynamic figure of merit performance to within the experimental error bounds with appropriate mesh resolution. Solution-driven AMR is found to be effective for resolving the vortex wake in an automated manner at significantly less computational cost compared to fixed-grid calculations with the same resolution. C1 [Wissink, Andrew M.; Potsdam, Mark] US Army Aerodynam Dev Directorate AMRDEC, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Sankaran, Venkateswaran] Air Force Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. [Sitaraman, Jayanarayanan; Mavriplis, Dimitri] Univ Wyoming, Dept Mech Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Wissink, AM (reprint author), US Army Aerodynam Dev Directorate AMRDEC, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM andrew.m.wissink.civ@mail.mil NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 EI 2161-6027 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 AR 012004 DI 10.4050/JAHS.61.012004 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DK3UE UT WOS:000374842100005 ER PT J AU Hennessy, J Jewell, AD Balasubramanian, K Nikzad, S AF Hennessy, John Jewell, April D. Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham Nikzad, Shouleh TI Ultraviolet optical properties of aluminum fluoride thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET; 193 NM; WAVELENGTH REGION; ALF3; MIRRORS; MGF2; LIF; TEMPERATURE; REFLECTANCE; COATINGS AB Aluminum fluoride (AlF3) is a low refractive index material with promising optical applications for ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. An atomic layer deposition process using trimethylaluminum and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride has been developed for the deposition of AlF3 at substrate temperatures between 100 and 200 degrees C. This low temperature process has resulted in thin films with UV-optical properties that have been characterized by ellipsometric and reflection/transmission measurements at wavelengths down to 200 nm. The optical loss for 93 nm thick films deposited at 100 degrees C was measured to be less than 0.2% from visible wavelengths down to 200 nm, and additional microstructural characterization demonstrates that the films are amorphous with moderate tensile stress of 42-105MPa as deposited on silicon substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows no signature of residual aluminum oxide components making these films good candidates for a variety of applications at even shorter UV wavelengths. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Hennessy, John; Jewell, April D.; Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; Nikzad, Shouleh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hennessy, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM john.j.hennessy@jpl.nasa.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN PY 2016 VL 34 IS 1 AR 01A120 DI 10.1116/1.4935450 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DK7OO UT WOS:000375115800021 ER PT J AU Peng, Z Day, DA Ortega, AM Palm, BB Hu, WW Stark, H Li, R Tsigaridis, K Brune, WH Jimenez, JL AF Peng, Zhe Day, Douglas A. Ortega, Amber M. Palm, Brett B. Hu, Weiwei Stark, Harald Li, Rui Tsigaridis, Kostas Brune, William H. Jimenez, Jose L. TI Non-OH chemistry in oxidation flow reactors for the study of atmospheric chemistry systematically examined by modeling SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES; PRESSURE MERCURY LAMPS; EVALUATED KINETIC-DATA; BROWN CARBON AEROSOLS; BIOMASS-BURNING SMOKE; GAS-PHASE; CHEMICAL MECHANISMS AB Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) using low-pressure Hg lamp emission at 185 and 254 nm produce OH radicals efficiently and are widely used in atmospheric chemistry and other fields. However, knowledge of detailed OFR chemistry is limited, allowing speculation in the literature about whether some non-OH reactants, including several not relevant for tropospheric chemistry, may play an important role in these OFRs. These non-OH reactants are UV radiation, O(D-1), O(P-3), and O-3. In this study, we investigate the relative importance of other reactants to OH for the fate of reactant species in OFR under a wide range of conditions via box modeling. The relative importance of non-OH species is less sensitive to UV light intensity than to water vapor mixing ratio (H2O) and external OH reactivity (OHRext), as both non-OH reactants and OH scale roughly proportionally to UV intensity. We show that for field studies in forested regions and also the urban area of Los Angeles, reactants of atmospheric interest are predominantly consumed by OH. We find that O(D-1), O(P-3), and O-3 have relative contributions to volatile organic compound (VOC) consumption that are similar or lower than in the troposphere. The impact of O atoms can be neglected under most conditions in both OFR and troposphere. We define "riskier OFR conditions" as those with either low H2O (< 0.1%) or high OHRext (>= 100 s(-1) in OFR185 and > 200s(-1) in OFR254). We strongly suggest avoiding such conditions as the importance of non-OH reactants can be substantial for the most sensitive species, although OH may still dominate under some riskier conditions, depending on the species present. Photolysis at non-tropospheric wavelengths (185 and 254nm) may play a significant (> 20%) role in the degradation of some aromatics, as well as some oxidation intermediates, under riskier reactor conditions, if the quantum yields are high. Under riskier conditions, some biogenics can have substantial destructions by O-3, similarly to the troposphere. Working under low O-2 (volume mixing ratio of 0.002) with the OFR185 mode allows OH to completely dominate over O-3 reactions even for the biogenic species most reactive with O-3. Non-tropospheric VOC photolysis may have been a problem in some laboratory and source studies, but can be avoided or lessened in future studies by diluting source emissions and working at lower precursor concentrations in laboratory studies and by humidification. Photolysis of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) samples is estimated to be significant (> 20%) under the upper limit assumption of unity quantum yield at medium (1 x 10(13) and 1.5 x 10(15) photons cm(-2) s(-1) at 185 and 254 nm, respectively) or higher UV flux settings. The need for quantum yield measurements of both VOC and SOA photolysis is highlighted in this study. The results of this study allow improved OFR operation and experimental design and also inform the design of future reactors. C1 [Peng, Zhe; Day, Douglas A.; Ortega, Amber M.; Palm, Brett B.; Hu, Weiwei; Stark, Harald; Li, Rui; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peng, Zhe; Day, Douglas A.; Palm, Brett B.; Hu, Weiwei; Stark, Harald; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ortega, Amber M.; Li, Rui] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Rui] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stark, Harald] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Tsigaridis, Kostas] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tsigaridis, Kostas] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ortega, Amber M.] Univ Arizona, Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Li, Rui] Markes Int Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; FU CARB [11-305]; DOE (BER/ASR) [DE-SC0011105]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1360834]; NASA [NNX15AT96G]; DOE; CU Graduate School; CIRES Fellowships; US EPA STAR [FP-91761701-0]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center FX We thank Veronica Vaida, Paul Ziemann, Andrew Lambe, and the PAM user community for useful discussions, Andrew Lambe and Daniel Tkacik for providing some OFR experimental data and the reviewers for their useful comments for improving the manuscript. This research was partially supported by CARB 11-305, DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0011105, NSF AGS-1243354 & AGS-1360834, and NASA NNX15AT96G. Amber M. Ortega acknowledges fellowships from DOE and CU Graduate School. Rui Li and Brett B. Palm acknowledge CIRES Fellowships. Brett B. Palm is grateful for a Fellowship from US EPA STAR (FP-91761701-0). Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 104 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 7 BP 4283 EP 4305 DI 10.5194/acp-16-4283-2016 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VM UT WOS:000374703000005 ER PT J AU Wegner, T Pitts, MC Poole, LR Tritscher, I Grooss, JU Nakajima, H AF Wegner, Tobias Pitts, Michael C. Poole, Lamont R. Tritscher, Ines Grooss, Jens-Uwe Nakajima, Hideaki TI Vortex-wide chlorine activation by a mesoscale PSC event in the Arctic winter of 2009/10 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION; CHEMICAL LAGRANGIAN MODEL; POLAR VORTEX; NITRIC-ACID; A-TRAIN; CLOUDS; NUCLEATION; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; AEROSOLS AB In the Arctic polar vortex of the 2009/10 winter temperatures were low enough to allow widespread formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). These clouds occurred during the initial chlorine activation phase which provided the opportunity to investigate the impact of PSCs on chlorine activation. Satellite observations of gas-phase species and PSCs are used in combination with trajectory modeling to assess this initial activation. The initial activation occurred in association with the formation of PSCs over the east coast of Greenland at the beginning of January 2010. Although this area of PSCs covered only a small portion of the vortex, it was responsible for almost the entire initial activation of chlorine vortex wide. Observations show HCl (hydrochloric acid) mixing ratios decreased rapidly in and downstream of this region. Trajectory calculations and simplified heterogeneous chemistry modeling confirmed that the initial chlorine activation continued until ClONO2 (chlorine nitrate) was completely depleted and the activated air masses were advected throughout the polar vortex. For the calculation of heterogeneous reaction rates, surface area density is estimated from backscatter observations. Modeled heterogeneous reaction rates along trajectories intersecting with the PSCs indicate that the initial phase of chlorine activation occurred in just a few hours. These calculations also indicate that chlorine activation on the binary background aerosol is significantly slower than on the PSC particles and the observed chlorine activation can only be explained by an increase in surface area density due to PSC formation. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between the magnitude of the observed HCl depletion and PSC surface area density. C1 [Wegner, Tobias; Pitts, Michael C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Poole, Lamont R.] Sci Syst & Applicat, Hampton, VA USA. [Tritscher, Ines; Grooss, Jens-Uwe] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Nakajima, Hideaki] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. RP Pitts, MC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM michael.c.pitts@nasa.gov RI Tritscher, Ines/O-2271-2014; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/A-7315-2013 OI Tritscher, Ines/0000-0001-5285-7952; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-9485-866X FU NASA's postdoctoral program FX This work is funded under NASA's postdoctoral program administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. We are grateful to NASA for the MERRA meteorological analysis and EOS MLS and CALIOP teams for their high-quality data products. We also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments which greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 7 BP 4569 EP 4577 DI 10.5194/acp-16-4569-2016 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VM UT WOS:000374703000021 ER PT J AU Krotkov, NA McLinden, CA Li, C Lamsal, LN Celarier, EA Marchenko, SV Swartz, WH Bucsela, EJ Joiner, J Duncan, BN Boersma, KF Veefkind, JP Levelt, PF Fioletov, VE Dickerson, RR He, H Lu, ZF Streets, DG AF Krotkov, Nickolay A. McLinden, Chris A. Li, Can Lamsal, Lok N. Celarier, Edward A. Marchenko, Sergey V. Swartz, William H. Bucsela, Eric J. Joiner, Joanna Duncan, Bryan N. Boersma, K. Folkert Veefkind, J. Pepijn Levelt, Pieternel F. Fioletov, Vitali E. Dickerson, Russell R. He, Hao Lu, Zifeng Streets, David G. TI Aura OMI observations of regional SO2 and NO2 pollution changes from 2005 to 2015 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; TROPOSPHERIC NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PARTICULATE MATTER POLLUTION; CANADIAN OIL SANDS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; AIR-QUALITY; POWER-PLANTS; SURFACE MEASUREMENTS AB The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Aura satellite has been providing global observations of the ozone layer and key atmospheric pollutant gases, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), since October 2004. The data products from the same instrument provide consistent spatial and temporal coverage and permit the study of anthropogenic and natural emissions on local-to-global scales. In this paper, we examine changes in SO2 and NO2 over some of the world's most polluted industrialized regions during the first decade of OMI observations. In terms of regional pollution changes, we see both upward and downward trends, sometimes in opposite directions for NO2 and SO2, for different study areas. The trends are, for the most part, associated with economic and/or technological changes in energy use, as well as regional regulatory policies. Over the eastern US, both NO2 and SO2 levels decreased dramatically from 2005 to 2015, by more than 40 and 80aEuro-%, respectively, as a result of both technological improvements and stricter regulations of emissions. OMI confirmed large reductions in SO2 over eastern Europe's largest coal-fired power plants after installation of flue gas desulfurization devices. The North China Plain has the world's most severe SO2 pollution, but a decreasing trend has been observed since 2011, with about a 50aEuro-% reduction in 2012-2015, due to an economic slowdown and government efforts to restrain emissions from the power and industrial sectors. In contrast, India's SO2 and NO2 levels from coal power plants and smelters are growing at a fast pace, increasing by more than 100 and 50aEuro-%, respectively, from 2005 to 2015. Several SO2 hot spots observed over the Persian Gulf are probably related to oil and gas operations and indicate a possible underestimation of emissions from these sources in bottom-up emission inventories. Overall, OMI observations have proved valuable in documenting rapid changes in air quality over different parts of the world during last decade. The baseline established during the first 11 years of OMI is indispensable for the interpretation of air quality measurements from current and future satellite atmospheric composition missions. C1 [Krotkov, Nickolay A.; Li, Can; Lamsal, Lok N.; Celarier, Edward A.; Marchenko, Sergey V.; Swartz, William H.; Joiner, Joanna; Duncan, Bryan N.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [McLinden, Chris A.; Fioletov, Vitali E.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Li, Can] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lamsal, Lok N.; Celarier, Edward A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. [Marchenko, Sergey V.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Swartz, William H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Bucsela, Eric J.] SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Boersma, K. Folkert] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Boersma, K. Folkert; Veefkind, J. Pepijn; Levelt, Pieternel F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Veefkind, J. Pepijn; Levelt, Pieternel F.] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. [Dickerson, Russell R.; He, Hao] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lu, Zifeng; Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Krotkov, NA (reprint author), NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM nickolay.a.krotkov@nasa.gov RI Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; Swartz, William/A-1965-2010; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; OI Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Swartz, William/0000-0002-9172-7189; Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Fioletov, Vitali/0000-0002-2731-5956 FU NASA Earth Science Division FX The authors acknowledge the NASA Earth Science Division for funding of OMI SO2 and NO2 product development and analysis. The Dutch-Finnish-built OMI instrument is part of the NASA's EOS Aura satellite payload. We thank systems engineering, instrument calibration, and satellite integration teams for making this mission a success. The OMI project is managed by KNMI and the Netherlands Space Office (NSO). The authors would like to thank the KNMI OMI team for producing L1B radiance and irradiance data and updating the key calibration data, the operational algorithm for the NO2 slant column fitting and performing operations together with the U.S. Aura operations team, as well as OMI SIPS processing team for continuing support. Authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 166 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 25 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 7 BP 4605 EP 4629 DI 10.5194/acp-16-4605-2016 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VM UT WOS:000374703000024 ER PT J AU Liu, HY Considine, DB Horowitz, LW Crawford, JH Rodriguez, JM Strahan, SE Damon, MR Steenrod, SD Xu, XJ Kouatchou, J Carouge, C Yantosca, RM AF Liu, Hongyu Considine, David B. Horowitz, Larry W. Crawford, James H. Rodriguez, Jose M. Strahan, Susan E. Damon, Megan R. Steenrod, Stephen D. Xu, Xiaojing Kouatchou, Jules Carouge, Claire Yantosca, Robert M. TI Using beryllium-7 to assess cross-tropopause transport in global models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COSMOGENIC-NUCLIDE PRODUCTION; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; CHEMICAL TRACER MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; SURFACE AIR; INITIATIVE ASSESSMENT; VERTICAL TRANSPORT; ARCTIC TROPOSPHERE AB We use the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) modeling framework to assess the utility of cosmogenic beryllium-7 (Be-7), a natural aerosol tracer, for evaluating cross-tropopause transport in global models. The GMI chemical transport model (CTM) was used to simulate atmospheric Be-7 distributions using four different meteorological data sets (GEOS1-STRAT DAS, GISS II' GCM, fvGCM, and GEOS4-DAS), featuring significantly different stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) characteristics. The simulations were compared with the upper troposphere and/or lower stratosphere (UT/LS) Be-7 climatology constructed from similar to aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-25aEuro-years of aircraft and balloon data, as well as climatological records of surface concentrations and deposition fluxes. Comparison of the fraction of surface air of stratospheric origin estimated from the Be-7 simulations with observationally derived estimates indicates excessive cross-tropopause transport at mid-latitudes in simulations using GEOS1-STRAT and at high latitudes using GISS II' meteorological data. These simulations also overestimate Be-7 deposition fluxes at mid-latitudes (GEOS1-STRAT) and at high latitudes (GISS II'), respectively. We show that excessive cross-tropopause transport of Be-7 corresponds to overestimated stratospheric contribution to tropospheric ozone. Our perspectives on STE in these meteorological fields based on Be-7 simulations are consistent with previous modeling studies of tropospheric ozone using the same meteorological fields. We conclude that the observational constraints for Be-7 and observed Be-7 total deposition fluxes can be used routinely as a first-order assessment of cross-tropopause transport in global models. C1 [Liu, Hongyu] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. [Considine, David B.; Crawford, James H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid & Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Rodriguez, Jose M.; Strahan, Susan E.; Damon, Megan R.; Steenrod, Stephen D.; Kouatchou, Jules] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Strahan, Susan E.; Steenrod, Stephen D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Damon, Megan R.; Kouatchou, Jules] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Xu, Xiaojing] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Carouge, Claire; Yantosca, Robert M.] Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Considine, David B.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Carouge, Claire] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. EM hongyu.liu-1@nasa.gov OI Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385 FU NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program; Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP); Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling (ACCDAM) program; ACMAP; MAP FX This work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program, the Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP), and the Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling (ACCDAM) program. We thank Bryan Duncan for his contribution to the GMI model development, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. The GMI core team at NASA GSFC is acknowledged for programming support. NASA Center for Computational Sciences (NCCS) provided supercomputing resources. The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group at Harvard University with support from ACMAP and MAP. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 7 BP 4641 EP 4659 DI 10.5194/acp-16-4641-2016 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VM UT WOS:000374703000026 ER PT J AU Foyle, DC Hooey, BL Bakowski, DL Kunkle, CL AF Foyle, David C. Hooey, Becky L. Bakowski, Deborah L. Kunkle, Christina L. TI Flight-Deck Surface Trajectory-Based Operations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRPORT SURFACE; PERFORMANCE AB The results of three piloted simulations investigating flight-deck surface trajectory-based operations (STBO) are presented. Commercial transport pilots were given taxi clearances with time and speed components on the primary flight display and were required to taxi to the departing runway or intermediate intersections. Results show that when pilots were provided with speedonly taxi clearances, pilots either had poor required time of arrival (RTA) conformance with acceptable estimates of attentional distribution and safety, or had good RTA conformance with unacceptable attentional distribution and safety estimates. A flight-deck error-nulling algorithm/display allowed pilots to conform accurately with taxi RTA clearances while maintaining safety. Results are discussed in terms of pilot multitasking in the busy airport surface operations environment. C1 [Foyle, David C.] NASA, Human Syst Integrat Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hooey, Becky L.; Bakowski, Deborah L.; Kunkle, Christina L.] San Jose State Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Foyle, DC (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM David.C.Foyle@nasa.gov FU NASA Airspace Systems Program/NextGen Concepts and Technology Development Project/Safe and Efficient Surface Operations Element FX This work was funded by the NASA Airspace Systems Program/NextGen Concepts and Technology Development Project/Safe and Efficient Surface Operations Element. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 EI 1532-7108 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2016 VL 25 IS 2 BP 77 EP 96 DI 10.1080/10508414.2015.1097090 PG 20 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA DK9EX UT WOS:000375234700002 ER PT J AU Eiler, JH Bishop, MA AF Eiler, John H. Bishop, Mary A. TI Tagging Response and Postspawning Movements of Pacific Herring, a Small Pelagic Forage Fish Sensitive to Handling SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; CLUPEA-PALLASI; ALASKA; RECOVERY; REPRODUCTION; CIRCULATION; PERFORMANCE; HYPOTHESES; DYNAMICS AB Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii are an important forage fish in the northern Pacific Ocean and support commercial fisheries throughout the region, although numerous populations have experienced pronounced declines in abundance. Acoustic telemetry can enhance our understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of depressed herring populations. However, herring are extremely sensitive to handling. During 2012-2013, we tagged 94 adult herring with acoustic transmitters on their spawning grounds in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The handling and tagging methods were specifically designed to minimize physical injuries and stress. Receiver arrays located near the spawning area (2012-2013) and at the principal entrances into the sound from the Gulf of Alaska (2013) were used to track the postspawning movements of the fish. The herring responded well to the tagging procedures. Most were subsequently detected by the arrays, ranging from 88.0% in 2012 to 92.8% in 2013, when the entire tracking system was operational. Forty-three (67.2%) of the 64 fish detected during 2013 were recorded near entrances to the sound, representing minimum travel distances of 50-180 km. Initial movements during the spring and summer were generally to the southwest and mirrored the prevailing currents, but a number of fish were subsequently observed moving east, including one individual detected near the spawning area during the late fall and winter. Larger herring were more frequently detected near the entrances to the sound. Although it is possible that smaller fish exhibit different migratory patterns, the lower detection rate may also suggest that these individuals were adversely affected by the tagging. Our findings suggest that large-scale telemetry studies on pelagic forage fish such as herring are feasible. These data provide new insights into the migratory patterns of herring and present an opportunity to address ongoing questions related to the factors affecting the status and recovery of depressed populations. C1 [Eiler, John H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bishop, Mary A.] Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, 300 Breakwater Ave, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. RP Eiler, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM john.eiler@noaa.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX Primary funding for this study was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. The acoustic receiver arrays at the principal entrances to Prince William Sound were deployed and maintained by the Ocean Tracking Network. We thank B. Reynolds, M. McKinzie, J. Watson, J. Stocking, and S. Lewandoski for their assistance with field work and data analysis and A. Schaefer for preparing maps of the study area. We also thank Captain D. Beam and C. Pape of the MV Montague and Captain D. Janka of the MV Auklet for their support during the tagging cruises, and R. Senkovich for his assistance fabricating the tagging cradle. The paper was critically reviewed by A. K. Gray, J. J. Vollenweider, and W. S. Pegau. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Government or Prince William Sound Science Center. Reference to trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or Prince William Sound Science Center. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 2 BP 427 EP 439 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1125948 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DJ6LE UT WOS:000374323600018 ER PT J AU Jiao, YQ Bower, JK Im, W Basta, N Obrycki, J Al-Hamdan, MZ Wilder, A Bollinger, CE Zhang, TW Hatten, LS Hatten, J Hood, DB AF Jiao, Yuqin Bower, Julie K. Im, Wansoo Basta, Nicholas Obrycki, John Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z. Wilder, Allison Bollinger, Claire E. Zhang, Tongwen Hatten, Luddie Sr. Hatten, Jerrie Hood, Darryl B. TI Application of Citizen Science Risk Communication Tools in a Vulnerable Urban Community SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE environmental justice; environmental justice index; toxics release inventory; environmental contaminants; health disparities; public health exposome; public participatory geographical information systems; MapplerX ID HEALTH DISPARITIES RESEARCH; HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; BLACK CARBON; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; INHALED BENZO(A)PYRENE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; DECISION-MAKING AB A public participatory geographical information systems (PPGIS) demographic, environmental, socioeconomic, health status portal was developed for the Stambaugh-Elwood (SE) community in Columbus, OH. We hypothesized that soil at SE residences would have metal concentrations above natural background levels. Three aims were developed that allowed testing of this hypothesis. Aim 1 focused on establishing partnerships between academia, state agencies and communities to assist in the development of a community voice. Aim 2 was to design and conduct soil sampling for residents of the SE community. Aim 3 was to utilize our interactive, customized portal as a risk communication tool by allowing residents to educate themselves as to the potential risks from industrial sources in close proximity to their community. Multiple comparisons of means were used to determine differences in soil element concentration by sampling location at p < 0.05. The results demonstrated that eight metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mo, Se, Tl, Zn) occurred at statistically-significantly greater levels than natural background levels, but most were below risk-based residential soil screening levels. Results were conveyed to residents via an educational, risk-communication informational card. This study demonstrates that community-led coalitions in collaboration with academic teams and state agencies can effectively address environmental concerns. C1 [Jiao, Yuqin; Wilder, Allison; Bollinger, Claire E.; Zhang, Tongwen; Hood, Darryl B.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bower, Julie K.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Im, Wansoo] VERTICES LLC, 303 George St Suite 406, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Basta, Nicholas; Obrycki, John] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Environm Sci Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Hatten, Luddie Sr.; Hatten, Jerrie] Stambaugh Elwood Citizens Environm LLC, Columbus, OH 43207 USA. RP Hood, DB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM jiao.70@buckeyemail.osu.edu; bower.185@osu.edu; gis@vertices.com; basta.4@osu.edu; obrycki.2@buckeyemail.osu.edu; mohammad.alhamdan@nasa.gov; wilder.106@buckeyemail.osu.edu; bollinger.69@buckeyemail.osu.edu; zhang.5498@osu.edu; luddiehattensr@gmail.com; jerriehatten@gmail.com; hood.188@osu.edu OI Zhang, Tongwen/0000-0001-6391-0798 FU College of Public Health, The Ohio State University FX We would like to thank all of the residents of the SE community that assisted us in this preliminary study. We would also like to collectively thank Columbus Public Health and, in particular, Gene W. Bailey, Director of the Healthy Neighborhoods Program, and co-chairs Gladys Murray and Kathleen Gmeiner of the South Side Health Advisory Committee. We also thank Russell E. Savage for critical review of the manuscript. This study was supported in part by start-up funds (Darryl B. Hood) from the College of Public Health, The Ohio State University. We also acknowledge Nicholas Basta for his support in conducting the sampling and analyzing the data. Nicholas Basta also provided valuable input to writing and editing sections of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD JAN PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 AR 11 DI 10.3390/ijerph13010011 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DJ4OO UT WOS:000374186100013 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, K White, V Yee, K Echternach, P Muller, R Dickie, M Cady, E Prada, CM Ryan, D Poberezhskiy, I Kern, B Zhou, HY Krist, J Nemati, B Riggs, AJE Zimmerman, NT Kasdin, NJ AF Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham White, Victor Yee, Karl Echternach, Pierre Muller, Richard Dickie, Matthew Cady, Eric Prada, Camilo Mejia Ryan, Daniel Poberezhskiy, Ilya Kern, Brian Zhou, Hanying Krist, John Nemati, Bijan Riggs, A. J. Eldorado Zimmerman, Neil T. Kasdin, N. Jeremy TI WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph shaped pupil masks: design, fabrication, and characterization SO JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE WFIRST-AFTA; exoplanet; coronagraph; shaped pupil masks; black silicon ID PIAA CORONAGRAPHY; APERTURES AB NASA WFIRST-AFTA mission study includes a coronagraph instrument to find and characterize exoplanets. Various types of masks could be employed to suppress the host starlight to about 10-9 level contrast over a broad spectrum to enable the coronagraph mission objectives. Such masks for high-contrast internal coronagraphic imaging require various fabrication technologies to meet a wide range of specifications, including precise shapes, micron scale island features, ultralow reflectivity regions, uniformity, wave front quality, and achromaticity. We present the approaches employed at JPL to produce pupil plane and image plane coronagraph masks by combining electron beam, deep reactive ion etching, and black silicon technologies with illustrative examples of each, highlighting milestone accomplishments from the High Contrast Imaging Testbed at JPL and from the High Contrast Imaging Lab at Princeton University. (c) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Balasubramanian, Kunjithapatham; White, Victor; Yee, Karl; Echternach, Pierre; Muller, Richard; Dickie, Matthew; Cady, Eric; Prada, Camilo Mejia; Ryan, Daniel; Poberezhskiy, Ilya; Kern, Brian; Zhou, Hanying; Krist, John; Nemati, Bijan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Riggs, A. J. Eldorado; Zimmerman, Neil T.; Kasdin, N. Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kbala@jpl.nasa.gov OI Riggs, A J Eldorado/0000-0002-0863-6228; Zimmerman, Neil/0000-0001-5484-1516 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 2329-4124 EI 2329-4221 J9 J ASTRON TELESC INST JI J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 2 IS 1 AR 011005 DI 10.1117/1.JATIS.2.1.011005 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA DJ4QM UT WOS:000374192200006 ER PT J AU Balsamo, E Gendreau, K Okajima, T Soong, Y Serlemitsos, P Jalota, L Kenyon, S Spartana, N Fickau, D Koenecke, R AF Balsamo, Erin Gendreau, Keith Okajima, Takashi Soong, Yang Serlemitsos, Peter Jalota, Lalit Kenyon, Steven Spartana, Nicholas Fickau, David Koenecke, Richard TI Shrink tape technique for heat-forming aluminum substrates for thin foil x-ray mirrors and the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer x-ray concentrators SO JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE x-ray mirrors; grazing incidence; heat-forming; Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer; x-ray concentrators ID TELESCOPE AB Consistent improvements in the design and fabrication of thin-foil, epoxy-replicated x-ray mirrors for astronomical telescopes have yielded increasingly higher quality and more precise astrophysical data. The Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) x-ray timing mission optics continues this tradition and introduces design elements that promise even more accurate measurements and precise astrophysical parameters. The singly reflecting concentrators have a curved axial profile to improve photon concentration and a sturdy full shell structure for enhanced module stability. These design elements introduced the challenge of reliably forming mirror substrates at an acceptable production rate. By developing a technique using heat shrink tape to compress and conform thin aluminum mirror substrates to shaping mandrels, production rate improved with successful fabrication. The technique's efficiency was analyzed by measuring hundreds of substrate profiles postforming, performance testing completely assembled concentrators composed of every size substrate, and comparing the results to simulated fabrication scenarios. On average, the profiles were copied within 4.6 +/- 3.7%. These measurements and the overall success of NICER's optics, via ground calibration, have shown that the heat-shrink tape method is reliable, repeatable, and could be used in future missions to increase production rate and improve performance. (c) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Balsamo, Erin; Jalota, Lalit] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Gendreau, Keith; Okajima, Takashi; Serlemitsos, Peter; Kenyon, Steven; Koenecke, Richard] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Soong, Yang] Univ Space Res Assoc, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Spartana, Nicholas; Fickau, David] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, 7701 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Balsamo, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.; Gendreau, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM balsamo1@umbc.edu; Keith.C.Gendreau@nasa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 2329-4124 EI 2329-4221 J9 J ASTRON TELESC INST JI J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 2 IS 1 AR 015001 DI 10.1117/1.JATIS.2.1.015001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA DJ4QM UT WOS:000374192200027 ER EF