FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Demoz, B Miller, D Di Girolamo, P Whiteman, D Evans, K Flamant, C Geerts, B Weckwerth, T Starr, D Schwemmer, G Gentry, B Wang, Z AF Demoz, B Miller, D Di Girolamo, P Whiteman, D Evans, K Flamant, C Geerts, B Weckwerth, T Starr, D Schwemmer, G Gentry, B Wang, Z BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI The 22 may dryline in IHOP2002: The role of lidars in quantifying the convective variability SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA ID BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Details of convective and mesoscale variability of a dryline on 22 May 2002 are characterized. Convective plumes (or updrafts) were found to be moister than downdrafts by about 1g/kg and contained magnitudes of 1.5 m s(-1) at 2 km altitude. A synthesis of aircraft, lidar and other ancillary data collected during the dryline are discussed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Demoz, B (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 739 EP 742 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500180 ER PT S AU Barnes, BW Koch, GJ Petros, M Beyon, JY Amzajerdian, F Yu, JR Kavaya, MJ Singh, UN AF Barnes, BW Koch, GJ Petros, M Beyon, JY Amzajerdian, F Yu, JR Kavaya, MJ Singh, UN BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI Wind measurements with high energy 2 mu m coherent doppler lidar SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA AB A coherent Doppler lidar based on an injection-seeded Ho:Tm:YLF pulsed laser was developed for wind measurements. A transmitted Pulse energy over 75 mJ at 5 Hz repetition rate has been demonstrated. Designs are presented on the laser, injection seeding, receiver, and signal processing subsystems. Sample data of atmospheric measurements are presented including a wind profile extending from the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) to the free troposphere. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Barnes, BW (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 801 EP 804 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500195 ER PT S AU Rall, JAR Knox, RG AF Rall, JAR Knox, RG BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI Spectral ratio biospheric lidar SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA AB A new active vegetation index measurement technique has been developed and demonstrated using low power laser diodes to make horizontal-path lidar measurements of nearby deciduous foliage. The two wavelength laser transmitter operates within and adjacent to the 680 nm absorption feature exhibited by all chlorophyll containing vegetation. Measurements from early October through late November 2003 are presented and the results are discussed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rall, JAR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Code 924, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Knox, Robert/E-9657-2011 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 831 EP 834 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500202 ER PT S AU Leblanc, T McDermid, IS von der Gathen, P Muller, M Immler, F Schrems, O Stebel, K Hansen, G Steinbrecht, W Claude, H Pazmino, A Godin-Beekmann, S Ancellet, G Barry, JL Bencherif, H Meijer, Y Swart, D Twigg, L McGee, T Thayer, J Livingston, J Keckhut, P Hauchecorne, A Barnes, JE AF Leblanc, T McDermid, IS von der Gathen, P Muller, M Immler, F Schrems, O Stebel, K Hansen, G Steinbrecht, W Claude, H Pazmino, A Godin-Beekmann, S Ancellet, G Barry, JL Bencherif, H Meijer, Y Swart, D Twigg, L McGee, T Thayer, J Livingston, J Keckhut, P Hauchecorne, A Barnes, JE BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI The NDSC ozone and temperature lidar algorithm intercomparison initiative (A21): Project overview SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA AB In September 2003, the Lidar Working Group (LWG) of the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) initiated an extensive project to compare the ozone and temperature algorithms used within NDSC. This initiative, referred to later as Algorithm Intercomparison Initiative (A2I), uses Simulated lidar signals to test and compare various parts of the ozone and temperature lidar algorithms. In addition to the fact that it meets the requirement of the NDSC protocols, this exercise allows the detailed assessment, by all the participants, of some of the sources and magnitudes of various uncertainties associated with the algorithms, and/or with the theoretical assumptions made in these algorithms. The outcome of the A2I is to try to find common grounds in the way ozone and temperature can be retrieved in order to reduce and possibly eradicate discrepancies due to algorithm issues alone. Specific issues such as homogenizing the choice of Rayleigh extinction cross-sections, ozone absorption cross-sections, a priori information, and the definition of the vertical resolutions are among the primary targets of the A2I outcome. C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. RP Leblanc, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Table Mt Facil, POB 367, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. RI Bencherif, Hassan/F-1671-2010; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013 OI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 881 EP 884 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500214 ER PT S AU Winker, D Hostetler, C Hunt, W AF Winker, D Hostetler, C Hunt, W BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI CALIOP: The CALIPSO lidar SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA AB The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP, pronounced the same as the word "calliope") is the primary instrument on the CALIPSO satellite, which is scheduled to launch in early 2005. CALIOP will provide profiles of total backscatter at two wavelengths, from which aerosol and cloud backscatter and extinction will be retrieved. The instrument also measures the linear depolarization of the backscattered return, allowing discrimination of cloud phase and the identification of the presence of non-spherical aerosols. This paper provides information on basic characteristics and performance of CALIOP. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Winker, D (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS-435, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 941 EP 944 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500228 ER PT S AU Spinhirne, JD Welton, EJ Palm, SP Hart, WD Hlavka, D Mahesh, A Lancaster, RS AF Spinhirne, JD Welton, EJ Palm, SP Hart, WD Hlavka, D Mahesh, A Lancaster, RS BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI The GLAS polar orbiting lidar experiment: First year results and available data SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Spinhirne, JD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, 912, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 949 EP 952 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500230 ER PT S AU Sun, XL Cavanaugh, JF Smith, JC Bartels, AE AF Sun, XL Cavanaugh, JF Smith, JC Bartels, AE BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI Mercury laser altimeter instrument design, testing, and performance verification SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA AB We report the design, testing, and performance verification of the Mercury Laser Altimeter, which is one of the payload science instruments on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, Geochemistry, and Ranging mission, scheduled to be launched in July-August 2004. The altimeter will provide measurement of the Mercury surface topography via laser pulse time-of-flight. The instrument is capable of ranging to greater than 800km distance at a ranging error standard deviation of 0.15-m. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sun, XL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 924, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 961 EP 964 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500233 ER PT S AU Liu, ZY Kuehn, R Vaughan, M Winker, D Powell, K Hostetler, C Poole, L McGill, M AF Liu, ZY Kuehn, R Vaughan, M Winker, D Powell, K Hostetler, C Poole, L McGill, M BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI A cloud-aerosol discrimination algorithm for calipso lidar observations: Algorithm tests SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA ID SPACEBORNE LIDAR AB An algorithm based on three-dimensional probability distribution functions (PDFs) has been developed for discriminating between clouds and aerosols in the lidar data that will be collected during the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission. The algorithm has been tested with a data set acquired by the Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) during the THORPEX-PTOST 2003 campaign. Comparisons with feature classifications made by an existing two-dimensional algorithm have also been conducted, and in general the results obtained by the two methods are in good agreement. Dust presents a special case. Because the intrinsic scattering properties of dust layers can be very similar to those Of Clouds, additional tests focused on distinguishing dust from Clouds are highly desirable. In this paper we briefly introduce the CALIPSO cloud-aerosol discrimination algorithm. We then present a case study conducted using a layer of mixed smoke and dust observed by the CPL during the SAFARI campaign in the Southern Africa region. For this particular layer, a success rate of close to 100% is achieved. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Liu, ZY (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton Univ, MS 435, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI McGill, Matthew/D-8176-2012; Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010 OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 987 EP 990 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500239 ER PT S AU Redemann, J Anderson, TL Schmid, B Russell, PB AF Redemann, J Anderson, TL Schmid, B Russell, PB BE Pappalardo, G Amodeo, A TI A mesoscale aerosol variability study in the Asian outflow region in support of calipso validation SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 2004), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004) CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Matera, ITALY SP ICLAS, Int Coordinat Grp Laser Atmospher Studies, Ist Metodol Analisi Ambientale, Consiglio Nazl Ric, esa, NASA ID ACE-ASIA AB The current low confidence in the estimates of aerosol-induced perturbations of Earth's radiation balance is caused by the highly non-uniform compositional, spatial and temporal distributions of tropospheric aerosols on a global scale owing to their heterogeneous sources and short lifetime. With the advent of active aerosol remote sensing from space (e.g., CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations [1]), there is potential for studying the vertical structure of aerosol properties with unprecedented spatial resolution. The CALIPSO measurements of aerosol backscatter, extinction and aerosol optical depth will require a careful and comprehensive validation exercise. Because of the small foot-print of individual lidar returns, there is a need to study the horizontal structure of aerosol properties to estimate the spatial scales which will allow meaningful comparisons of the space-borne lidar data and the suborbital validation measurements. In this paper, we examine the spatial variability of in situ measurements of dry aerosol scattering, dry aerosol absorption and ambient aerosol extinction at 550 nm collected aboard the NCAR C-130 aircraft in ACE-Asia (Aerosol Characterization Experiment - Asia, 2001), and compare it to the spatial variability of aerosol optical depth measured coincidentally with an airborne tracking sunphotometer. For the in situ parameters, the spatial variability of aerosol absorption on scales Of LIP to 80 km is found to be larger than that of ambient scattering, which in turn is larger than the variability in dry scattering. The spatial variability of aerosol optical depth at 525 nm is shown to be comparable to the variability in ambient aerosol extinction, but it seems to become larger at scales between 80 and 200 km. However, data at spatial scales beyond 100 km in this study is sparse and may not be representative of the Asian outflow region. C1 NASA, BAERI, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Redemann, J (reprint author), NASA, BAERI, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-872-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2004 VL 561 BP 995 EP 998 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAP51 UT WOS:000223133500241 ER PT B AU Wyatt, V DiStefano, J Chapman, M Aycoth, E AF Wyatt, V DiStefano, J Chapman, M Aycoth, E GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI A metrics based approach for identifying requirements risks SO 28TH ANNUAL NASA GODDARD SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual NASA Goddard Software Engineering Workshop CY DEC 03-04, 2003 CL Greenbelt, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc, Techn Council Software Engn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Software Engn Lab AB The NASA Independent Verification & Validation (IV&V) Facility's Metrics Data Program (MDP) has been tasked with collecting data in the form of metrics on software products from various NASA Projects. The goals of the program include: Improve the effectiveness of software assurance, Evaluate the effectiveness of current metrics, Identify and include new metrics, Improve the effectiveness of software research, and Improve the ability of projects to predict software errors early in the lifecycle. This article presents a model for accomplishing these goals from a requirements position. Identification of metrics from a requirements perspective approach presents a particularly difficult challenge. First, there are few automated tools to assist in collection of requirement based metrics. Secondly, few metrics have been identified for requirements. In this article, an approach is presented for capturing requirements measurements generated utilizing Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Software Assurance Technology Center's (SATC) Automated Requirements Measurement (ARM) tool. These measurements are used in combination with newly identified measurements to identify and assign a risk level metric to each requirement. The assigned requirement risk level represents an indicator for early lifecycle analysis for use in prediction of problem requirements and areas within the software that could be more prone to errors. The early identification of high risk areas allows for risk mitigation and application during planning of future development, test, and maintenance activities. C1 NASA, IV&V Facil, Metr Data Program, Fairmont, WV 26554 USA. RP Wyatt, V (reprint author), NASA, IV&V Facil, Metr Data Program, 100 Univ Dr, Fairmont, WV 26554 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2064-2 PY 2004 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BY73J UT WOS:000189450100003 ER PT B AU Gilliam, D Powell, J Haugh, E Bishop, M AF Gilliam, D Powell, J Haugh, E Bishop, M GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Addressing software security and mitigations in the life cycle SO 28TH ANNUAL NASA GODDARD SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual NASA Goddard Software Engineering Workshop CY DEC 03-04, 2003 CL Greenbelt, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc, Techn Council Software Engn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Software Engn Lab AB Traditionally, security is viewed as an organizational and Information Technology (IT) systems function comprising of firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), system security settings and patches to the operating system (OS) and applications running on it. Until recently, little thought has been given to the importance of security as a formal approach in the software life cycle. [1] The Jet Propulsion Laboratory has approached the problem through the development of an integrated formal Software Security Assessment Instrument (SSAI) with six foci for the software life cycle. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gilliam, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2064-2 PY 2004 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BY73J UT WOS:000189450100025 ER PT B AU Ansar, A Castano, A Matthies, L AF Ansar, A Castano, A Matthies, L BE Aloimonos, Y Taubin, G TI Enhanced real-time stereo using bilateral filtering SO 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON 3D DATA PROCESSING, VISUALIZATION, AND TRANSMISSION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization, and Transmission (3DPVI 2004) CY SEP 06-09, 2004 CL Thessaloniki, GREECE SP Univ Maryland Inst Adv Comp Studies, IEEE Comp Soc AB In recent years, there have been significant strides in increasing quality of range from stereo using global techniques such as energy minimization. These methods cannot yet achieve real-time performance. However the need to improve range quality for real-time applications persists. All real-time stereo implementations rely on a simple correlation step which employs some local similarity metric between the left and right image. Typically, the correlation takes place on an image pair modified in some way to compensate for photometric variations between the left and right cameras. Improvements and modifications to such algorithms tend to fall into one of two broad categories: those which address the correlation step itself (e.g., shiftable windows, adaptive windows) and those which address the preprocessing of input imagery (e.g. band-pass filtering, Rank, Census). Our efforts lie in the latter area. We present in this paper a modification of the standard band-pass filtering technique used by many SSD- and SAD-based correlation algorithms. By using the bilateral filter of Tomasi and Manduchi [1], we minimize blurring at the filtering stage. We show that in conjunction with SAD correlation, our new method improves stereo quality at range discontinuities while maintaining real-time performance. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ansar@jpl.nasa.gov; andres@jpl.nasa.gov; lhm@jpl.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2223-8 PY 2004 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1109/TDPVT.2004.1335273 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBA99 UT WOS:000224459000060 ER PT B AU Ponchak, GE Schwartz, ZD Alterovitz, SA Downey, AN AF Ponchak, GE Schwartz, ZD Alterovitz, SA Downey, AN GP euma TI Measured attenuation of coplanar waveguide on 6H, p-type SiC and high purity semi-insulating 4H SiC through 800 K SO 34TH EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) CY OCT 12-14, 2004 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE, MTT S, APS DE SiC; Coplanar Waveguide; high temperature ID CAPACITANCE; SILICON AB Wireless sensors for high temperature applications such as oil drilling and mining, automobiles, and jet engine performance monitoring require circuits built on wide bandgap semiconductors. In this paper, the characteristics of microwave transmission lines on 4H-High Purity Semi-Insulating SiC and 6H, p-type SiC is presented as a function of temperature and frequency. It is shown that the attenuation of 6H, p-type substrates is too high for microwave circuits, large leakage current will flow through the substrate, and that unusual attenuation characteristics are due to trapping in the SiC. The 4H-HPSI SiC is shown to have low attenuation and leakage currents over the entire temperature range. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HORIZON HOUSE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 46 GILLINGHAM ST, LONDON SW1V 1HH, ENGLAND BN 1-58053-992-0 PY 2004 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBO26 UT WOS:000226599600011 ER PT B AU Schwartz, ZD Ponchak, GE Alterovitz, SA Downey, AN Chevalier, CT AF Schwartz, ZD Ponchak, GE Alterovitz, SA Downey, AN Chevalier, CT GP euma TI Measurement of thin film integrated passive devices on SiC through 500 degrees C SO 34TH EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) CY OCT 12-14, 2004 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE, MTT S, APS ID COPLANAR WAVE-GUIDE AB Wireless communication in jet engines and high temperature industrial applications requires RF integrated circuits (RFICs) on wide bandgap semiconductors such as silicon carbide (SiC). In this paper, thin-film NiCr resistors, MIM capacitors, and spiral inductors are fabricated on a high purity semi-insulating 4H-SiC substrate. The devices are experimentally characterized through 50 GHz at temperatures up to 500degreesC and the equivalent circuits are deembedded from the measured data. It is shown that the NiCr resistors are stable within 10% to 300degreesC while the capacitors have a value stable within 10% through 500degreesC. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Analex Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Schwartz, ZD (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Analex Corp, 2100 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HORIZON HOUSE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 46 GILLINGHAM ST, LONDON SW1V 1HH, ENGLAND BN 1-58053-992-0 PY 2004 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBO26 UT WOS:000226599600078 ER PT J AU Crisp, D Pathare, A Ewell, RC AF Crisp, D Pathare, A Ewell, RC TI The performance of gallium arsenide/germanium solar cells at the Martian surface SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article ID MARS PATHFINDER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; SCATTERING; IMAGER AB A theoretical model was used to predict the electrical power output by Gallium Arsenide/Germanium solar cells at the surface of Mars. This model was validated using measurements from the Mars Pathfinder Lander. It was then used to estimate the solar power output as a function of latitude, local time, and season for airborne dust optical depths between 0.1 and 5. For this range of dust opacities, the power output varies by about a factor of three at low and mid-latitudes. This model was also used to estimate the solar cell performance degradation due to dust accumulation. Dust accumulation reduced the power output by 0.4 to 0.5% Martian day during the first 20 days of the mission, but the power loss rate fell to similar to 0.1%/day after that. If these power loss rates are typical, solar power provides a viable option for long-lived stations on the Martian surface. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Crisp, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 2 BP 83 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0094-5765(02)00287-4 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 743ZG UT WOS:000186602900002 ER PT J AU Guan, YB Zolensky, ME AF Guan, YB Zolensky, ME TI Hydrogen isotopes of glassy and phyllosilicate sphendes in Al Rais (CR) and Orgueil (CI) chondrites SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION LA English DT Article DE isotope; hydrogen; meteorite; chondrite; ion microprobe ID MOLECULAR-CLOUD MATERIAL; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; SOLAR-SYSTEM; INTERPLANETARY DUST; MURCHISON METEORITE; ORGANIC-MATTER; DEUTERIUM; MINERALOGY; NITROGEN; KEROGEN AB The hydroxyl in phyllosilicate minerals is the most common occurrence of water in primitive meteorites. Direct hydrogen isotopic analysis of this water component using an ion microprobe has been made in some glassy or phyllosilicate spherules from the Al Rais (CR) and Orggueil (CI) chondrites. The spherules from Al Rais show tame deuterium excesses (deltaD = +200 - +800parts per thousand) relative to terrestrial standards, whereas deuterium-enrichments in the spherules from Orgueil are much smaller (deltaL = +40 - +130parts per thousand). The phyllosilicate spherules are products of aqueous alteration of glassy precursors. In Al Rais the phyllosilicate spherules have relatively higher deltaD values than the glassy ones, indicating that water introduced during aqueous alteration was deuterium-enriched. The. deuterium-enrichments in the phyllosilicate spherules from Orgueil could result from isotopic exchange under thermodynamic conditions within the solar nebula. The much larger deltaD excesses of the Al Rais spherules, however. cannot be attributed to the similar process: instead, an interstellar origin needs to be invoked. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM yunbin.guan@asu.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1000-9515 EI 1755-6724 J9 ACTA GEOL SIN-ENGL JI Acta Geol. Sin.-Engl. Ed. PY 2004 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1075 EP 1081 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 888PS UT WOS:000226387300007 ER PT B AU Snyder, GJ AF Snyder, GJ BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Advances in thermoelectric materials leading to reliable, clean energy solutions SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Snyder, G/I-2263-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 365 EP 365 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000059 ER PT S AU Singh, J Wolfe, DE Miller, R Eldridge, J Zhu, DM AF Singh, J Wolfe, DE Miller, R Eldridge, J Zhu, DM BE Martins, R Fortunato, E Ferreira, I Dias, C TI Thermal conductivity and thermal stability of zirconia and hafnia based thermal barrier coatings by EB-PVD for high temperature applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FORUM II SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Materials Symposium CY APR 14-16, 2003 CL New Univ Lisbon, Fac Sci & Technol, Caparica, PORTUGAL SP Portuguese Mat Soc, Portuguese Sci Fdn, Calouste Gulbenkian Fdn, Luso Amer Fdn HO New Univ Lisbon, Fac Sci & Technol DE fuel cells; zirconium oxide; thermal barriers AB Zirconia and hafnia based thermal barrier coating materials were produced by industrial prototype electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Columnar microstructure of the thermal barrier coatings were modified with controlled microporosity and diffuse sub-interfaces resulting in lower thermal conductivity (20-30% depending up on microporosity volume fraction), higher thermal reflectance (15-20%) and more strain tolerance as compared with standard thermal barrier coatings (TBC). The novel processed coating systems were examined by various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and thermal conductivity by laser technique, hemispherical reflectance and thermal cyclic tests. The test results showed the tailored-microstructural TBC offered superior performance over the conventional thermal barrier coatings (ZrO2 -8 wt.% Y2O3). C1 Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. NASA, GRC, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Singh, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. EM sinqh@matse.psu.edu NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-941-5 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 455-456 BP 579 EP 586 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAF50 UT WOS:000222018500125 ER PT S AU Zhao, F AF Zhao, F BE Rao, YJ Kwon, OY Peng, GD TI Development of high precision laser heterodyne metrology gauges SO Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications II Pt 1and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications II CY NOV 08-12, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Chinese Opt Soc, Australian Opt Soc, Opt Soc India, Opt Soc Japan, Opt Soc Korea, Korea Assoc Photon Ind Dev, Photon Assoc Singapore, SPIE Asia-Pacific Chapters, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Assoc Sci & Technol, Acad Opto-Elect Chinese Acad Sci, Photon Soc Chinese-Amer, Optron Magazine DE laser interferometers; metrology; heterodyne interferometers AB Laser interferometers with better than 10 picometer (pm) accuracy in displacement measurement and 1-3 microns in absolute distance ranging accuracy are sought in several of NASA's planned missions, such as the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) and Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF). Over the past several years, we have made significant progress at JPL toward a laser heterodyne interferometer system that can provide both picometer displacement measurement and micron level absolute distance measurement. This paper presents an review on the development of high precision metrology gauges for these missions. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zhao, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5589-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5634 BP 247 EP 259 DI 10.1117/12.569844 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBX00 UT WOS:000228182700033 ER PT S AU An, X Marx, D Goullioud, R Zhao, F AF An, X Marx, D Goullioud, R Zhao, F BE Rao, YJ Kwon, OY Peng, GD TI Laser metrology in the micro-arcsecond metrology testbed SO Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications II Pt 1and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications II CY NOV 08-12, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Chinese Opt Soc, Australian Opt Soc, Opt Soc India, Opt Soc Japan, Opt Soc Korea, Korea Assoc Photon Ind Dev, Photon Assoc Singapore, SPIE Asia-Pacific Chapters, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Assoc Sci & Technol, Acad Opto-Elect Chinese Acad Sci, Photon Soc Chinese-Amer, Optron Magazine DE interferometry; metrology; laser heterodyne interferometers; astrometry ID INTERFEROMETER AB The Space Interferometer Mission (SIM), scheduled for launch in 2009, is a space-born visible light stellar interferometer capable of micro-arcsecond-level astrometry. The Micro-Arcsecond Metrology testbed (MAM) is the ground-based testbed that incorporates all the functionalities of SIM minus the telescope, for mission-enabling technology development and verification. MAM employs a laser heterodyne metrology system using the Sub-Aperture Vertex-to-Vertex (SAVV) concept. In this paper, we describe the development and modification of the SAW metrology launchers and the metrology instrument electronics, precision alignments and pointing control, locating cyclic error sources in the MAM testbed and methods to mitigate the cyclic errors, as well as the performance under the MAM performance metrics. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP An, X (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 171-113,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5589-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5634 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1117/12.580030 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBX00 UT WOS:000228182700038 ER PT S AU Reder, LJ Booth, A Hsieh, J Summers, K AF Reder, LJ Booth, A Hsieh, J Summers, K BE Lewis, H Raffi, G TI Development of a state machine sequencer for the Keck Interferometer: evolution, development & lessons learned using a CASE tool approach SO ADVANCED SOFTWARE, CONTROL, AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Software, Control and Communication Systems for Astronomy CY JUN 21-22, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE interferometer; sequencer; CASE tool; UML AB This paper presents a discussion of the evolution of a sequencer from a simple Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) based sequencer into a complex implementation designed utilizing UML (Unified Modeling Language) methodologies and a Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool approach. The main purpose of the Interferometer Sequencer (called the IF Sequencer) is to provide overall control of the Keck Interferometer to enable science operations to be carried out by a single operator (and/or observer). The interferometer links the two 10m telescopes of the W. M. Keck Observatory at Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The IF Sequencer is a high-level, multi-threaded, Harel finite state machine software program designed to orchestrate several lower-level hardware and software hard real-time subsystems that must perform their work in a specific and sequential order. The sequencing need not be done in hard real-time. Each state machine thread commands either a high-speed real-time multiple mode embedded controller via CORBA, or slower controllers via EPICS Channel Access interfaces. The overall operation of the system is simplified by the automation. The UML is discussed and our use of it to implement the sequencer is presented. The decision to use the Rhapsody product as our CASE tool is explained and reflected upon. Most importantly, a section on lessons learned is presented and the difficulty of integrating CASE tool automatically generated C++ code into a large control system consisting of multiple infrastructures is presented. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Reder, LJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5428-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5496 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.548830 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBB63 UT WOS:000224576500005 ER PT S AU Detter, R Fatig, C Steck, J AF Detter, R Fatig, C Steck, J BE Lewis, H Raffi, G TI James Webb Space Telescope - Supporting multiple ground system transitions in one year SO ADVANCED SOFTWARE, CONTROL, AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Software, Control and Communication Systems for Astronomy CY JUN 21-22, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE operations; tradeoffs; ground systems; requirements AB Ideas, requirements, and concepts developed during the very early phases of the mission design often conflict with the reality of a situation once the prime contractors are awarded. This happened for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as well. ne high level requirement of a common real-time ground system for both the Integration and Test (I&T), as well as the Operation phase of the mission is meant to reduce the cost and time needed later in the mission development for recertification of databases, command and control systems, scripts, display pages, etc. In the case of JWST, the early Phase A flight software development needed a real-time ground system and database prior to the spacecraft prime contractor being selected. To compound the situation, the very low level requirements for the real-time ground system were not well defined. These two situations caused the initial real-time ground system to be switched out for a system that was previously used by the flight software development team. To meet the high-level requirement, a third ground system was selected based on the prime spacecraft contractor needs and JWST Project decisions. The JWST ground system team has responded to each of these changes successfully. The lessons learned from each transition have not only made each transition smoother, but have also resolved issues earlier in the mission development than what would normally occur. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Detter, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5428-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5496 BP 250 EP 259 DI 10.1117/12.550475 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBB63 UT WOS:000224576500025 ER PT S AU Bloemhof, EE Wallace, JK AF Bloemhof, EE Wallace, JK BE Gonglewski, JD Gruneisen, MT Giles, MK TI Phase contrast wavefront sensing for adaptive optics SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; wavefront sensing; phase contrast ID RECONSTRUCTION AB Most ground-based adaptive optics systems use one of a small number of wavefront sensor technologies, notably (for relatively high-order systems) the Shack-Hartmann sensor, which provides local measurements of the phase slope (first derivative) at a number of regularly-spaced points across the telescope pupil. The curvature sensor, with response proportional to the second derivative of the phase, is also sometimes used, but has undesirable noise propagation properties during wavefront reconstruction as the number of actuators becomes large. It is interesting to consider the use for astronomical adaptive optics of the "phase contrast" technique, originally developed for microscopy by Zernike to allow convenient viewing of phase objects. In this technique, the wavefront sensor provides a direct measurement of the local value of phase in each subaperture of the pupil. This approach has some obvious disadvantages compared to Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing, but has some less obvious but substantial advantages as well. Here we evaluate the relative merits in a practical ground-based adaptive optics system. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bloemhof, EE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5491-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5553 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1117/12.560373 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBF36 UT WOS:000225221300014 ER PT S AU Bloemhof, EE AF Bloemhof, EE BE Gonglewski, JD Gruneisen, MT Giles, MK TI Speckle noise in highly corrected coronagraphs SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; speckles; atmospheric turbulence ID POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; REMNANT SPECKLES AB Speckles in a highly corrected adaptive optic imaging system have been studied through numerical simulations and through analytic and algebraic investigations of the Fourier-optical expressions connecting pupil plane and focal plane, which simplify at high Strehl ratio. Significant insights into the behavior of speckles, and the speckle noise caused when they vary over time, have thus been gained. Such speckle noise is expected to set key limits on the sensitivity of searches for companions around other stars, including extrasolar planets(1). In most cases, it is advantageous to use a coronagraph of some kind to suppress the bright primary star and so enhance the dynamic range of companion searches. In the current paper, I investigate speckle behavior and its impact on speckle noise in some common coronagraphic architectures, including the classical Lyot coronagraph and the new four quadrant phase mask (FQPM) concept. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bloemhof, EE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5491-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5553 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1117/12.560370 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBF36 UT WOS:000225221300026 ER PT S AU Wallace, JK Green, JJ Shao, M Troy, M Lloyd, J MacIntosh, B AF Wallace, JK Green, JJ Shao, M Troy, M Lloyd, J MacIntosh, B BE Calia, DB Ellerbroek, BL Ragazzoni, R TI Science camera calibration for extreme adaptive optics SO ADVANCEMENTS IN ADAPTIVE OPTICS, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advancements in Adaptive Optics CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE extreme adaptive optics; calibration; extra-solar planet detection AB The nascent field of planet detection has yielded a host of extra-solar planet detections. To date, these detections have been the result of indirect techniques: the planet is inferred by precisely measuring its effect on the host star. Direct observation of extra-solar planets remains a challenging yet compelling goal. In this vein, the Center for Adaptive Optics has proposed a ground-based, high-actuator density extreme AO system (XAOPI), for a large (similar to10 m) telescope whose ultimate goal is to directly evidence a specific class of these objects: young and massive planets. Detailed system wave-front error budgets suggest that this system is a feasible, if not an ambitious, proposition. One key element in this error budget is the calibration and maintenance of the science camera wave front with respect to the wave-front sensor which currently has an allowable contribution of similar to 5 nanometers rms. This talk first summarizes the current status of calibration on existing ground-based AO systems, the magnitude of this effect in the system error budget and current techniques for mitigation. Subsequently, we will explore the nature of this calibration error term, it's source in the non-commonality between the science camera and wave front sensor, and the effect of the temporal evolution of non-commonality. Finally, we will describe preliminary plans for sensing and controlling this error term. The sensing techniques include phase retrieval, phase contrast and external metrology. To conclude, a calibration scenario that meets the stringent requirement for XAOPI will be discussed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wallace, JK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5422-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5490 BP 370 EP 378 DI 10.1117/12.552362 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG30 UT WOS:000225417900036 ER PT S AU Notardonato, WU Baik, JH McIntosh, GE AF Notardonato, WU Baik, JH McIntosh, GE BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Operational testing of densified hydrogen using G-M refrigeration SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB Propellant densification has many beneficial properties when space launch systems are considered. Among these are reduced tank volumes, decreased vapor pressures, and increased enthalpy gain before boil off. Previous NASA investigations have focused on advanced methods of producing densified propellants, but not much work has been accomplished in the area of storing and handling densified propellants. NASA KSC has 50+ years experience in handling cryogenic propellants, but all that experience is with saturated liquids. This work is focused on using existing cryogenic refrigeration technology to subcool hydrogen, and to develop a testbed where propellant handling techniques are researched. Among these topics include continuous operation, zero boil off storage, densification, pressurization techniques, handling of stratification layers, liquefaction, and recovery of boil off losses from chill down procedures. C1 NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Notardonato, WU (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 64 EP 71 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900009 ER PT S AU Van Dresar, NT Siegwarth, JD AF Van Dresar, NT Siegwarth, JD BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Cryogenic transfer line chilldown SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB The transient behavior of a small-scale cryogenic transfer line was investigated during chilldown to cryogenic temperatures. The vacuum-jacketed apparatus consisted of a vertical tube followed by a near-horizontal tube. The tube diameter was I cm and the overall length was 4.4 m. The apparatus was equipped with view-ports in the near-horizontal section to allow visual observation of the flow patterns. Wall temperatures were measured at various locations along the length of the transfer line. Each test was conducted at a constant liquid volumetric flowrate at the transfer line inlet until saturation temperatures were obtained throughout the system. Liquid flowrate was varied by more than two orders of magnitude and resulted in chilldown times ranging from a few minutes to several hours. An optimum flowrate exists that minimizes liquid consumption during the chilldown process. At higher flowrates, there is insufficient time for heat transfer from the liquid to the wall and inefficiencies result from the greater amount of incompletely vaporized liquid passing through the system. At lower flowrates, chilldown time and total ambient heat leak into the system increase, which raises liquid consumption. The experimental values of liquid consumption are compared to analytical estimates. At low flowrates, the data compares favorably to a minimum consumption model while at high flowrates the maximum consumption model overpredicts hydrogen consumption and underpredicts nitrogen consumption. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44253 USA. RP Van Dresar, NT (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44253 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 308 EP 315 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900038 ER PT S AU Tuttle, JG Stevenson, TR Canavan, ER DiPirro, MJ Franz, DE Shirron, PJ AF Tuttle, JG Stevenson, TR Canavan, ER DiPirro, MJ Franz, DE Shirron, PJ BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI A deposited magnetic thermometer for temperatures below 0.1 Kelvin SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE ID PALLADIUM-IRON; SPIN-GLASS; BOLOMETRY; FILMS; PDMN; PDFE AB Magnetic thermometers are less sensitive to self-heating due to radio-frequency noise than are traditional resistive thermometers. This makes them appealing at temperatures well below 0.1 Kelvin in the operating range of many space-flight detectors. We have built and tested a magnetic thermometer which is deposited directly onto a substrate. This device, which uses the temperature dependence of iron-doped palladium's magnetic susceptibility, includes self-shielding deposited coils surrounding a sputtered palladium layer. It is read out using a SQUID to achieve high resolution. Its small size and very good heat-sinking should eventually make it useful for the temperature control of space flight detector arrays, in particular those already using SQUID readouts. The design and test results for this device are discussed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tuttle, JG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 396 EP 403 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900049 ER PT S AU DiPirro, MJ Shirron, PJ Tuttle, JG Canavan, ER AF DiPirro, MJ Shirron, PJ Tuttle, JG Canavan, ER BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Design and test of passively operated heat switches for 0.2 to 15 K SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE ID HELIUM AB The gas gap heat switch (GGHS) is a simple thermal switch consisting of closely spaced parallel metal plates alternating between the hot and cold side of the switch housed in a gas impermeable, thermally isolating enclosure. Gas is seated into the enclosure, providing the thermal path between the metal plates of the switch. The large surface area and close spacing of the parallel surfaces allows the gas conduction to provide good thermal contact when the switch is on. The switch is turned off by cooling a getter which absorbs the gas. We have developed passive GGHSs (PGGHSs) that have an on/off transition temperatures between 0.2 and 13 K. These passive switches feature rapid response, no need for external control, and more efficiency (no extra heat dissipation). The gas type, dosage, and getter type and surface area are determined by calculating the residual pressure such that the mean free path of the gas is as long or longer than the separation between metal plates when the switch temperature is at its turn-off point. Important performance parameters, as for all thermal switches, are the on conductance, the off conductance or parasitic heat flow, the temperature range of operation, and the method of switch activation. These parameters are given for the PGGHSs. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP DiPirro, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 552, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 436 EP 442 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900054 ER PT S AU Fesmire, JE Augustynowicz, SD Heckle, KW Scholtens, BE AF Fesmire, JE Augustynowicz, SD Heckle, KW Scholtens, BE BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Equipment and methods for cryogenic thermal insulation testing SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB The study and evaluation of cryogenic thermal insulation materials and systems is a technology focus area of the Cryogenics Testbed at NASA Kennedy Space Center. The liquid nitrogen evaporation method is used between boundary temperatures of about 300 kelvin (K) and 77 K to make accurate measurements of the heat transfer rates and apparent thermal conductivity values (k-values) through different insulation systems. The methods include thermal performance characterization over the full range of pressures from high vacuum to no vacuum. Innovations include the design and development of three types of research test cryostats. The novel cryostats include absolute k-value for cylindrical specimens, comparative k-value for cylindrical specimens, and comparative k-value for flat specimens (including compressive loading). The material specimens may be in forms such as bulk fill, flat panel, multilayer, or continuously rolled. These new test methods are shown to be complementary to other established test methods. C1 NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Fesmire, JE (reprint author), NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, YA-C2-T, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 579 EP 586 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900071 ER PT S AU Fesmire, JE Augustynowicz, SD AF Fesmire, JE Augustynowicz, SD BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Thermal performance testing of glass microspheres under cryogenic vacuum conditions SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB A key element of space launch vehicles and systems is thermal insulation for cryogenic tanks and piping. Glass microspheres, or glass bubbles, represent an alternative insulation material for a number of applications. Composite materials and engineered thermal insulation systems are also being developed based on the use of glass bubbles as the main constituent material. Commonly used materials, such as spray-on foam insulation, or SOFI, for vehicle tanks and perlite powder for ground storage tanks, are targeted for replacement with the new-technology systems that use glass bubbles. Complete thermal characterization of the glass bubbles is the first step toward producing the engineering solutions required for the energy-efficient, low-maintenance cryogenic systems of the future. Thermal performance testing of the glass microsphere material was successfully completed at the Cryogenics Test Laboratory of NASA Kennedy Space Center. The test measurements were made at the full temperature difference (typical boundary temperatures of 78 kelvin [K] and 293 K) and included the full cold-vacuum pressure range. The results are reported in apparent thermal conductivity (k-value) and mean heat flux. C1 NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Fesmire, JE (reprint author), NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, YA-C2-T, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 612 EP 618 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900075 ER PT S AU Panek, JS Tuttle, JG Marrero, V Mustafi, S Edmonds, R Gray, A Riall, S AF Panek, JS Tuttle, JG Marrero, V Mustafi, S Edmonds, R Gray, A Riall, S BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Astro-E2 magnesium diboride high current leads SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB The recent discovery of superconducting properties in MgB2 and rapid development of small diameter steel-clad wires has opened up the possibility of enhancing the design of the baseline Astro-E2 high current lead assembly. Replacing YBCO filaments with MgB2 wires and modifying the heat sink location can give much higher margins against quench from temperature oscillations of the 4 K heat sink, although with some overall thermal penalty. The design and performance of a new lead assembly during flight qualification is discussed, with emphasis on thermal, structural, and electrical test results. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryogenesis & Fluids Brach, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Panek, JS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryogenesis & Fluids Brach, Code 552, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 952 EP 957 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900117 ER PT S AU Hedayat, A Bailey, JW Hastings, LJ Flachbart, RH AF Hedayat, A Bailey, JW Hastings, LJ Flachbart, RH BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Test data analysis of a spray bar zero-gravity liquid hydrogen vent system for upper stages SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB To support development of a zero-gravity pressure control capability for liquid hydrogen (LH2), a series of thermodynamic venting system (TVS) tests was conducted in 1996 and 1998 using the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) multipurpose hydrogen test bed (MHTB). These tests were performed with ambient heat leaks approximate to20 and 50 W for tank fill levels of 90%, 50%, and 25%. TVS performance testing revealed that the spray bar was highly effective in providing tank pressure control within a 7-kPa band (131-138 kPa), and complete destratification of the liquid and the ullage was achieved with all test conditions. Seven of the MHTB tests were correlated with the TVS performance analytical model. The tests were selected to encompass the range of tank fill levels, ambient heat leaks, operational modes, and ullage pressurants. The TVS model predicted ullage pressure and temperature and bulk liquid saturation pressure and temperature obtained from the TVS model were compared with the test data. During extended self-pressurization periods, following tank lockup, the model predicted faster pressure rise rates than were measured. However, once the system entered the cyclic mixing/venting operational mode, the modeled and measured data were quite similar. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hedayat, A (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1171 EP 1178 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900144 ER PT S AU Ross, RG Boyle, RF Kittel, P AF Ross, RG Boyle, RF Kittel, P BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI NASA space cryocooler programs - A 2003 overview SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB Mechanical cryocoolers represent a significant enabling technology for NASA's Earth and Space Science Enterprises. An overview is presented of ongoing cryocooler activities within NASA in support of current flight projects, near-term flight instruments, and longterm technology development. NASA programs in Earth and space science observe a wide range of phenomena, from crop dynamics to stellar birth. Many of the instruments require cryogenic refrigeration to improve dynamic range, extend wavelength coverage, and enable the use of advanced detectors. Although, the largest utilization of coolers over the last decade has been for instruments operating at medium to high cryogenic temperatures (55 to 150 K), reflecting the relative maturity of the technology at these temperatures, important new developments are now focusing at the lower temperature range from 6 to 20 K in support of studies of the origin of the universe and the search for planets around distant stars. NASA's development of a 20K cryocooler for the European Planck spacecraft and its new Advanced Cryocooler Technology Development Program (ACTDP) for 6-18 K coolers are examples of the thrust to provide low temperature cooling for this class of missions. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1197 EP 1204 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900147 ER PT S AU Ross, RG Rodriguez, JI AF Ross, RG Rodriguez, JI BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Performance of the airs pulse tube coolers and instrument - a first year in space SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB Launched on NASA's Aqua platform on May 4, 2002, JPL's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument has completed a successful first year in space and captured a number of important lessons. AIRS is designed to make precision measurements of air temperature over the surface of the Earth and uses a redundant pair of TRW 55 K pulse tube cryocoolers to cool its sensitive IR focal plane. Soon after the instrument went cold, contamination of cryogenic surfaces led to increased cooler loads and the need for decontamination cycles. In addition, single event transients occurred while passing through the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) necessitating corrective actions. In November 2002 the fundamental operating strategy of the AIRS instrument was changed from the original strategy of running a single cooler and having the second cooler as a non-operating backup. Instead, based on a new system-level reliability analysis, both coolers began operation simultaneously. This change resolved the contamination and SAA driven interruptions and has enabled unprecedented levels of continuous science measurements. A review of the AIRS instrument cryogenic performance over the past year is presented including its contamination buildup and interrupt history. The reliability analysis conducted to justify two-cooler operation is also reviewed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ross, RG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1293 EP 1300 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900158 ER PT S AU Bhandari, P Prina, M Bowman, RC Paine, C Pearson, D Nash, A AF Bhandari, P Prina, M Bowman, RC Paine, C Pearson, D Nash, A BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI 20 K continuous cycle sorption coolers for the Planck flight mission SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB Two sorption coolers using Hydrogen as the working fluid are currently being fabricated and assembled for flight delivery by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). These systems have been designed to provide a total cooling capacity (per cooler) of I W at a cold end temperature less than 19 K with a temperature stability of 100-450 mK over a cooler cycle. Being vibration free, scalable and with the capability for the cold end to be remotely located from the warm spacecraft are the major advantages of this class of cryocoolers. This sorption cooler design has been validated by tests on components, subsystems and a fully integrated breadboard cooler (including electronics) at JPL where the two flight units are now being assembled for delivery to Europe in 2005. They will be used for the Planck Surveyor mission, which will perform high-resolution measurements of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy. In this paper we present the level of maturity of the hydrogen sorption cooler technology at JPL by describing the design and how it has been validated at the subsystem and system levels. In addition, we will describe how such systems could be advantageously used for other space missions with similar needs and cooler attributes. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1613 EP 1620 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900199 ER PT S AU Paine, CG AF Paine, CG BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Design and performance of a charcoal filter for the Planck sorption cooler SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB A charcoal filter for use in the Planck Hydrogen Sorption Cooler has been fabricated and characterized for absorption of methane from the hydrogen gas stream. The filter is a packed-bed design intended to function at 60 K in the zero-gravity Planck mission environment. Methane is the only significant condensible component present in the Planck Cooler gas stream, and if allowed to reach the Cold End would plug the Joule-Thomson restrictor. The filter, cooled to 100 K, has a demonstrated capacity in excess of 800 times the methane quantity generated in long-term operation of the Planck EBB cooler. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Paine, CG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1621 EP 1626 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900200 ER PT S AU Shirron, PJ DiPirro, MJ Jirmanus, M Zhao, Z Shields, B AF Shirron, PJ DiPirro, MJ Jirmanus, M Zhao, Z Shields, B BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI A portable, cryogen-free ultra-low temperature cooling system using a continuous ADR SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB We have recently assembled a 4-stage continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (CADR) that provides continuous cooling at 50 mK and below, while rejecting heat to a 4.2 K helium bath. Temperature control and cycling of the ADR is fully automated, making it simple to operate and stable. Temperature fluctuations of the cold stage are typically less than 10 muK rms (at 100 mK). The cooling power of 20 muW at 100 mK is comparable to that of small dilution refrigerators, but because its efficiency is so much higher (50% of Carnot), the peak heat rejection rate is less than 10 mW. This is significant in allowing the ADR to be cooled by relatively low-power cryocoolers. In addition to commercial pulse-tube and Gifford McMahon (GM) coolers, this potentially includes small GM systems that run on 120 V power and do not need water cooling. The present focus is to design and fabricate a small dewar to house the CADR and a cryocooler. in anticipation of making a cryogen-free, low cost CADR commercially available. Performance of the prototype CADR and the complete system are discussed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Shirron, PJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 552, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1746 EP 1753 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900215 ER PT S AU Warner, BA Kamiya, K AF Warner, BA Kamiya, K BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Passive superconducting shielding: Experimental results and computer models SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB Passive superconducting shielding for magnetic refrigerators has advantages over active shielding and passive ferromagnetic shielding in that it is lightweight and easy to construct. However, it is not as easy to model and does not fail gracefully. Failure of a passive superconducting shield may lead to persistent flux and persistent currents. Unfortunately, modeling software for superconducting materials is not as easily available as is software for simple coils or for ferromagnetic materials. This paper will discuss ways of using available software to model passive superconducting shielding. C1 Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryogen Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Warner, BA (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryogen Branch, Code 552, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1754 EP 1760 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900216 ER PT J AU Cohen, SC Freymueller, JT AF Cohen, SC Freymueller, JT TI Crustal deformation in the southcentral Alaska subduction zone SO ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS, VOL 47 SE ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WILLIAM-SOUND EARTHQUAKE; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; CURRENT PLATE MOTIONS; YAKATAGA SEISMIC GAP; EASTERN ALEUTIAN ARC; RANGES FAULT SYSTEM; 27 MARCH 1964; KENAI PENINSULA; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION AB The study of crustal deformation in the subduction zone of the 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska earthquake reveals a temporally and spatially complex pattern of surface motions and interplate coupling. This temporal-spatial pattern provides fundamental information on the elastic and inelastic processes associated with strain energy accumulation and release in the seismic cycle and development of geological structures in southcentral Alaska. Essential data on the crustal deformation comes from seismological, geological and geodetic observations. The most salient observed features are: (1) large along-strike variations in both the coseismic moment release and the postseismic and interseismic surface deformation and (2) a complicated history of postseismic and interseismic deformation characterized by both steady-state deformation and transient motion occurring over several time scales and involving different deformation mechanisms. Numerical models give insight into the relationship between the observed crustal motions and tectonic plate motion, fault zone processes, and the Earth's rheology. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Cohen, SC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 110 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2687 J9 ADV GEOPHYS PY 2004 VL 47 BP 1 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0065-2687(04)47001-0 PG 63 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BBV26 UT WOS:000228009300001 ER PT S AU Qian, T Xu, R Kwan, C Linnell, B Young, R AF Qian, T Xu, R Kwan, C Linnell, B Young, R BE Yin, FL Wang, J Guo, CG TI Toxic vapor classification and concentration estimation for Space Shuttle and International Space Station SO ADVANCES IN NEURAL NETWORKS - ISNN 2004, PT 1 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISSN 2004) CY AUG 19-21, 2004 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Dalian Univ Technol, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Robot & Automat Soc ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES AB During space walks, the space suits of astronauts may be contaminated by toxic vapors such as hydrazine, which are used for attitude control. Here we present some initial results on vapor classification and concentration estimation by using Support Vector Machine. (SVM). The vapor was collected by electronic nose. By collaborating closely with NASA KCS, we achieved great results. For example, for Kam15f (90-second) data set, the classification success rate was 97.5% using SVM as compared to 87% using the linear discriminant method in [1]. Comparative studies were conducted between the SVM classifier and other classifiers such as Back Propagation (BP) Neural Network, Probability Neural Network (PNN), and, Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). In all cases, the SVM classifier showed superior performance over other classifiers. In the concentration estimation part by using SVM, we achieved more than 99% correct estimation of concentration by using the 90(th) second data samples. C1 Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Qian, T (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Dr,Suite 400, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM tqian@i-a-i.com; hgxu@i-a-i.com; ckwan@i-a-i.com; Bruce.Linnell-1@ksc.nasa.gov; Rebecca.C.Young@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22841-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3173 BP 543 EP 551 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAT64 UT WOS:000223492600090 ER PT S AU Bailin, SC Truszkowski, W AF Bailin, SC Truszkowski, W BE VanElst, L Dignum, V Abecker, A TI Perspectives: An analysis of multiple viewpoints in agent-based systems SO AGENT-MEDIATED KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Agent-Mediated Knowledge Management CY MAR 24-26, 2003 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA HO Stanford Univ ID FUSION AB We discuss the role of perspective in decision-making conflicts that may occur in a community of agents. Our analysis of perspective is based on a simple but general model of observation, and provides practical criteria for determining whether an ontology mismatch underlies the conflict. C1 Knowledge Evolut Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Adv Automat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bailin, SC (reprint author), Knowledge Evolut Inc, 1215 17th St,NW,Suite 101, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM sbailin@kevol.com; Walt.Truszkowski@nasa.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20868-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2004 VL 2926 BP 368 EP 387 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BY60G UT WOS:000189418700026 ER PT S AU Sherwood, R Chien, S Tran, D Cichy, B Castano, R Davies, A Rabideau, G AF Sherwood, R Chien, S Tran, D Cichy, B Castano, R Davies, A Rabideau, G BE Webb, GI Yu, X TI Safe agents in space: Lessons from the autonomous sciencecraft experiment SO AI 2004: ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Australian Conference on Artificial Intelligence CY DEC 04-06, 2004 CL Cent Queensland Univ, Cairns, AUSTRALIA HO Cent Queensland Univ AB An Autonomous Science Agent is currently flying onboard the Earth Observing One Spacecraft. This software enables the spacecraft to autonomously detect and respond to science events occurring on the Earth. The package includes software systems that perform science data analysis, deliberative planning, and run-time robust execution. Because of the deployment to a remote spacecraft, this Autonomous Science Agent has stringent constraints of autonomy and limited computing resources. We describe these constraints and how they are reflected in our agent architecture. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sherwood, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM rob.sherwood@jpl.nasa.gov; steve.chien@jpl.nasa.gov; daniel.tran@jpl.nasa.gov; benjamin.cichy@jpl.nasa.gov; rebecca.castano@jpl.nasa.gov; ashley.davies@jpl.nasa.gov; gregg.rabideau@jpl.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-24059-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2004 VL 3339 BP 51 EP 63 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BBM32 UT WOS:000226133600005 ER PT J AU Riddick, JC Hyer, MW AF Riddick, JC Hyer, MW TI Postbuckling behavior of segmented circular composite cylinders SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 42nd Structures Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB The response characteristics of composite cylinders constructed in four circumferential segments are discussed. Two cylinder configurations, referred to as axially stiff and circumferentially stiff cylinders, are studied. Numerical results from STAGS finite element analyses are presented and include predicted radial displacements and selected stress resultants. Compressive loading into the postbuckling range by an axial endshortening is considered. The results show that, as the endshortening increases toward the buckling value, some segments of the cylinders begin to develop axial wrinkles, whereas other segments remain relatively unwrinkled. For the two cylinders considered here, the wrinkling of the segments is correlated with the level of axial stress resultant supported in the segment. Load drops of 20 and 57% for the axially stiff and circumferentially stiff cylinders, respectively, are predicted for levels of endshortening beyond the buckling values. The postbuckled cylinders are characterized by regions of large localized inward dimples and outward ridges in the radial displacement pattern. These regions are sites of large-magnitude axial and transverse shear stress resultants. C1 USA, Res Lab, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech 0219, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Riddick, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 188B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM j.c.riddick@larc.nasa.gov; hyerm@vt.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.2514/1.9042 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 765BV UT WOS:000188248000020 ER PT J AU Lazos, BS AF Lazos, BS TI Reynolds stresses around the wheels of a simplified four-wheel landing gear SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flow Modeling & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Lazos, BS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Flow Modeling & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 196 EP 198 DI 10.2514/1.597 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 765BV UT WOS:000188248000021 ER PT S AU Denney, E Venkatesan, RP AF Denney, E Venkatesan, RP BE Rattray, C Maharaj, S Shankland, C TI A generic software safety document generator SO ALGEBRAIC METHODOLOGY AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Algebraic Methodology and Software Technology CY JUL 12-16, 2004 CL Stirling, SCOTLAND SP Edinburgh Mat Soc, Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, British Comp Soc, Formal Aspects Comp Sci Specialist Grp, London Math Soc AB Formal certification is based on the idea that a mathematical proof of some property of a piece of software can be regarded as a certificate of correctness which, in principle, can be subjected to external scrutiny. In practice, however, proofs themselves are unlikely to be of much interest to engineers. Nevertheless, it is possible to use the information obtained from a mathematical analysis of software to produce a detailed textual justification of correctness. In this paper, we describe an approach to generating textual explanations from automatically generated proofs of program safety, where the proofs are of compliance with an explicit safety policy that can be varied. Key to this is tracing proof obligations back to the program, and we describe a tool which implements this to certify code auto-generated by AutoBayes and AutoFilter, program synthesis systems under development at the NASA Ames Research Center. Our approach is a step towards combining formal certification with traditional certification methods. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS Grp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS Grp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM edenney@email.arc.nasa.gov; rpvenkat@uiuc.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22381-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3116 BP 102 EP 116 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAK47 UT WOS:000222634800012 ER PT S AU Pagano, TS AF Pagano, TS BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Ultraspectral infrared technology development on the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and future applications SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference onAlgorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery X CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE atmosphere; sounding; infrared; spectrometer AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is an ultraspectral infrared instrument on the EOS Aqua Spacecraft, launched on May 4, 2002. AIRS has 2378 infrared channels ranging from 3.7 mum to 15.4 mum and a 13.5 km footprint. AIRS, in conjunction with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) produces temperature profiles with 1K/km accuracy on a global scale, as well as water vapor profiles and trace gas amounts for CO2, CO, SO2, Ozone and Methane. AIRS will be used for weather forecasting and studies of global climate change. The technology developed on the AIRS project includes advanced grating spectrometer optics, long-wavelength cutoff HgCdTe infrared detectors and active cooling. A status of the AIRS data products is presented. Advancements in the last decade allow the AIRS measurement to be made with better than 1 km spatial resolution. The higher spatial resolution will improve regional forecasting and reduce computational noise in trace gas measurements C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5348-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5425 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1117/12.540765 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV41 UT WOS:000223764600029 ER PT S AU Susskind, J Atlas, R AF Susskind, J Atlas, R BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Atmospheric soundings from AIRS/AMSU/HSB SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference onAlgorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery X CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infra-red; microwave; remote sensing; temperature; moisture; high spectral resolution; clouds; forecast; meteorology ID AIRS AB AIRS was launched on EOS Aqua on May 4, 2002, together with AMSU A and HSB, to form a next generation polar orbiting infrared and microwave atmospheric sounding system. The primary products of AIRS/AMSU/HSB are twice daily global fields of atmospheric temperature-humidity profiles, ozone profiles, sea/land surface skin temperature, and cloud related parameters including OLR. The sounding goals of AIRS are to produce 1 km tropospheric layer mean temperatures with an rms error of 1 K, and 1 km tropospheric layer precipitable water with an rms error of 20%, in cases with up to 80% effective cloud cover. Pre-launch simulation studies indicated that these results should be achievable. Minor modifications have been made to the pre-launch retrieval algorithm as alluded to in this paper. Sample fields of parameters retrieved from AIRS/AMSU/HSB data are presented and temperature profiles are validated as a function of retrieved effective fractional cloud cover. As in simulation, the degradation of retrieval accuracy with increasing cloud cover is small. Select fields are also compared to those contained in the ECMWF analysis, done without the benefit of AIRS data, to demonstrate information that AIRS can add to that already contained in the ECMWF analysis. Assimilation of AIRS temperature soundings in up to 80% cloud cover for the month of January 2003 into the GSFC FVSSI data assimilation system resulted in improved 5 day forecasts globally, both with regard to anomaly correlation coefficients and the prediction of location and intensity of cyclones. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Susskind, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5348-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5425 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1117/12.541324 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV41 UT WOS:000223764600030 ER PT B AU King, RL AF King, RL BE Smits, PC Bruzzone, L TI Science for society: Global observations of earth's natural resources in the 21st century SO ANALYSIS OF MULTI-TEMPORAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGES SE SERIES IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images CY JUL 16-18, 2003 CL European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, ITALY SP Univ Trento, Dept Informat & Commun Technologies, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc HO European Commiss Joint Res Ctr AB To address the environmental and economic challenges of the 21(st) century it is incumbent upon the global community to evolve and sustain a global observation network. These observations serve as the foundation for the models that are used to describe Earth processes and can be used to predict the effect of different forcings on the planet. These data and models also require management infrastructures to support decision-making and archiving of this valuable resource. This paper will describe the global observations that NASA has on orbit or in formulation for multi-temporal global observations of Earth's natural resources and the infrastructure to support and utilize them in meeting the challenges facing the planet. C1 NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP King, RL (reprint author), NASA, Code YO,300 E St W, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-915-6 J9 SER REMOTE SENS PY 2004 VL 3 BP 286 EP 294 DI 10.1142/9789812702630_0032 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCL36 UT WOS:000229834700032 ER PT J AU Vaisberg, OL Avanov, LA Moore, TE Smirnov, VN AF Vaisberg, OL Avanov, LA Moore, TE Smirnov, VN TI Ion velocity distributions within the LLBL and their possible implication to multiple reconnections SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics (magnetopause,cusp and boundary layers; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions) ID FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOSPHERIC BOUNDARY; AMPTE/IRM OBSERVATIONS; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; EARTHS MAGNETOPAUSE; PLASMA; CONVECTION; WAVES AB We analyze two LLBL crossings made by the Interball-Tail satellite under a southward or variable magnetosheath magnetic field: one crossing on the flank of the magnetosphere, and another one closer to the subsolar point. Three different types of ion velocity distributions within the LLBL are observed: (a) D-shaped distributions, (b) ion velocity distributions consisting of two counter-streaming components of magnetosheath- type, and (c) distributions with three components, one of which has nearly zero parallel velocity and two counter-streaming components. Only the (a) type fits to the single magnetic flux tube formed by reconnection between the magnetospheric and magnetosheath magnetic fields. We argue that two counter-streaming magnetosheath-like ion components observed by Interball within the LLBL cannot be explained by the reflection of the ions from the magnetic mirror deeper within the magnetosphere. Types (b) and (c) ion velocity distributions would form within spiral magnetic flux tubes consisting of a mixture of alternating segments originating from the magnetosheath and from magnetospheric plasma. The shapes of ion velocity distributions and their evolution with decreasing number density in the LLBL indicate that a significant part of the LLBL is located on magnetic field lines of lone, spiral flux tube islands at the magnetopause, as has been proposed and found to occur in magnetopause simulations. We consider these observations as evidence for multiple reconnection X-lines between magnetosheath and magnetospheric flux tubes. C1 Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NSSTC, MSFC, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Vaisberg, OL (reprint author), Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. EM olegv@iki.rssi.ru RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012 OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 213 EP 236 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 779BX UT WOS:000189276700016 ER PT J AU Aksnes, A Stadsnes, J Lu, G Ostgaard, N Vondrak, RR Detrick, DL Rosenberg, TJ Germany, GA Schulz, M AF Aksnes, A Stadsnes, J Lu, G Ostgaard, N Vondrak, RR Detrick, DL Rosenberg, TJ Germany, GA Schulz, M TI Effects of energetic electrons on the electrodynamics in the ionosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; auroral ionosphere; particle precipitation; magnetospheric physics; storms and substorms ID AURORAL ION PRECIPITATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; X-RAY EVENTS; GEOMAGNETIC STORM; STATISTICAL-MODEL; SOLAR-WIND; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER AB From the observations by the PIXIE and UVI cameras on board the Polar satellite, we derive global maps of the precipitating electron energy spectra from less than 1 keV to 100 keV. Based on the electron spectra, we generate instantaneous global maps of Hall and Pedersen conductances. The UVI camera provides good coverage of the lower electron energies contributing most to the Pedersen conductance, while PIXIE captures the high energy component of the precipitating electrons affecting the Hall conductance. By characterizing the energetic electrons from some tens of keV and up to about 100 keV using PIXIE X-ray measurements. we will, in most cases, calculate a larger electron flux at higher energies than estimated from a simple extrapolation of derived electron spectra from UVI alone. Instantaneous global conductance maps derived with and without inclusion of PIXIE data have been implemented in the Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) procedure, to study the effects of energetic electrons on electrodynamical parameters in the ionosphere. We find that the improved electron spectral characterization using PIXIE data most often results in a larger Hall conductance and a smaller inferred electric field. In some localized regions the increase in the Hall conductance can exceed 100%. On the contrary, the Pedersen conductance remains more or less unaffected by the inclusion of the PIXIE data. The calculated polar cap potential drop may decrease more than 10%, resulting in a reduction of the estimated Joule heating integrated over the Northern Hemisphere by up to 20%. Locally, Joule heating may decrease more than 50% in some regions. We also find that the calculated energy flux by precipitating electrons increases around 5% when including the PIXIE data. Combined with the reduction of Joule heating, this results in a decrease in the ratio between Joule heating and energy flux, sometimes exceeding 25%. An investigation of the relationship between Joule heating and the AE index shows a nearly linear correspondence between the two quantities, in accordance with previous studies. However, we find lower proportionality factors than reported by others when taking geomagnetic conditions into account, ranging between 0.13 and 0.23 GW/nT. We also find that the contribution from auroral particles to the energy budget is more important than most previous studies have reported. C1 Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Aksnes, A (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. EM Arve.Aksnes@fi.uib.no RI Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011 NR 85 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 475 EP 496 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780DL UT WOS:000189356400012 ER PT J AU Khazanov, GV Liemohn, MW Newman, TS Fok, MC Ridley, AJ AF Khazanov, GV Liemohn, MW Newman, TS Fok, MC Ridley, AJ TI Magnetospheric convection electric field dynamics and stormtime particle energization: case study of the magnetic storm of 4 May 1998 SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE space plasma physics; (charged particle motion and acceleration; magnetospheric physics; electric fields, storms and substorms ID ASYMMETRIC RING CURRENT; SOLAR-WIND; LARGE-SCALE; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; FEBRUARY 1986; PLASMA SHEET; CURRENT IONS; MODEL; TRANSPORT AB It is shown that narrow channels of high electric field are an effective mechanism for injecting plasma into the inner magnetosphere. Analytical expressions for the electric field cannot produce these channels of intense plasma flow, and thus, result in less entry and adiabatic energization of the plasma sheet into near-Earth space. For the ions, omission of these channels leads to an underprediction of the strength of the stormtime ring current and therefore, an underestimation of the geoeffectiveness of the storm event. For the electrons, omission of these channels leads to the inability to create a seed population of 10-100 keV electrons deep in the inner magnetosphere. These electrons can eventually be accelerated into MeV radiation belt particles. To examine this, the 1-7 May 1998 magnetic storm is studied with a plasma transport model by using three different convection electric field models: Volland-Stern. Weimer, and AMIE. It is found that the AMIE model can produce particle fluxes that are several orders of magnitude higher in the L = 2 - 4 range of the inner magnetosphere, even for a similar total cross-tail potential difference. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM george.khazanov@msfc.nasa.gov RI Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012; Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; feggans, john/F-5370-2012 OI Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 497 EP 510 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780DL UT WOS:000189356400013 ER PT J AU Oksavik, K Soraas, F Moen, J Pfaff, R Davies, JA Lester, M AF Oksavik, K Soraas, F Moen, J Pfaff, R Davies, JA Lester, M TI Simultaneous optical, CUTLASS HF radar, and FAST spacecraft observations: signatures of boundary layer processes in the cusp SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Review DE ionosphere; electric fields and currents; magnetosphere physics; magnetopause, cusp, and boundary layers; auroral phenomena ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; REGION-1 BIRKELAND CURRENTS; SMALL-SCALE IRREGULARITIES; FLUX-TRANSFER EVENT; LATITUDE F-REGION; ELECTRON-BEAMS; AURORAL-ZONE; MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; PARTICLE SIGNATURES AB In this paper we discuss counterstreaming electrons, electric field turbulence, HF radar spectral width enhancements, and field-aligned currents in the southward IMF cusp region. Electric field and particle observations from the FAST spacecraft are compared with CUTLASS Finland spectral width enhancements and ground-based optical data from Svalbard during a meridional crossing of the cusp. The observed 630 nm rayed arc (Type-1 cusp aurora) is associated with stepped cusp ion signatures. Simultaneous counterstreaming low-energy electrons on open magnetic field lines lead us to propose that such electrons may be an important source for rayed red arcs through pitch angle scattering in collisions with the upper atmosphere. The observed particle precipitation and electric field turbulence are found to be nearly collocated with the equatorward edge of the optical cusp, in a region where CUTLASS Finland also observed enhanced spectral width. The electric field turbulence is observed to extend far poleward of the optical cusp. The broad-band electric field turbulence corresponds to spatial scale lengths down to 5 m. Therefore, we suggest that electric field irregularities are directly responsible for the formation of HF radar backscatter targets and may also explain the observed wide spectra. FAST also encountered two narrow highly structured field-aligned current pairs flowing near the edges of cusp ion steps. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. EM kjellmar.oksavik@fys.uio.no RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715; Oksavik, Kjellmar/0000-0003-4312-6992 NR 106 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 511 EP 525 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780DL UT WOS:000189356400014 ER PT J AU Moretto, T Sibeck, DG Watermann, JF AF Moretto, T Sibeck, DG Watermann, JF TI Occurrence statistics of magnetic impulsive events SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; ionospheric disturbances; magnetospheric physics; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions ID TRAVELING CONVECTION VORTICES; FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; SOLAR-WIND; HIGH-LATITUDES; OCCURRENCE PATTERNS; VORTEX EVENT; SIGNATURES; CUSP; CLEFT; OBSERVATIONS/ AB In this study, we perform a statistical investigation of magnetic impulse events identified in the Greenland magnetometer stations through the years 1995-2001. We focus on occurrence statistics that can be determined reliably with an automatic event identification procedure. Durin the first two years we observed almost 40% more events than in the following years. Season is not a significant factor in event occurrence. Event occurrence peaks near 12:00 UT, corresponding to approximately 10:00 magnetic local time (MLT) at the west coast of Greenland. More events occur prior to local noon than after. Event days are not distributed evenly. Large amplitude events, particularly, tend to appear on consecutive days. Events are observed at lower latitudes at earlier local times in a way consistent with the projection of the outer magnetospheric boundary into the ionosphere. Event latitude depends on dipole tilt angle in a manner similar to that reported for the cusp. Events occur during intervals of enhanced K-p. The main reason for this is that the events themselves contribute to the K-p index. Events exhibit a preference for high solar wind velocity. In particular, the large amplitude events occur during high-speed streams. A slight preference for lower density and more radial interplanetary magnetic fields, as compared to the nominal solar wind distribution, is also observed. However, both the nominal solar wind and event distribution exhibit large differences from year to year, indicating that events occur under a broad range of conditions. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Moretto, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM tmoretto@lepvax.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012; Moretto, Therese/B-6846-2013 OI Moretto, Therese/0000-0002-2403-5561 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 585 EP 602 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780DL UT WOS:000189356400019 ER PT J AU Hesse, M Birn, J AF Hesse, M Birn, J TI On the cessation of magnetic reconnection SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE space plasma physics; magnetic reconnection; numerical simulation studies; numerical simulation studies ID EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; PLASMA SHEET; COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; PARTICLE SIMULATIONS; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; GROWTH-PHASE; FIELD; SUBSTORM; INSTABILITIES; MAGNETOPAUSE AB Kinetic simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection are used to study the effect on the reconnection rate of ion density enhancements in the inflow region. The goal of the investigation is to study a candidate mechanism for the slow-down of magnetic reconnection. The calculations involve either proton or oxygen additions in the inflow region, initially located at two distances from the current sheet. Protons are found to be much more tightly coupled into the evolution of the reconnecting system and, therefore, they effect an immediate slowdown of the reconnection process, as soon as the flux tubes they reside on become involved. Oxygen. on the other hand, has, within the limits of the calculations, a much less pronounced effect on the reconnection electric field. The difference is attributed to the lack of tight coupling to the magnetic field of the oxygen populations. Last, a study of proton and oxygen acceleration finds that protons respond primarily to the reconnection electric field, whereas the main oxygen electric field is achieved by Hall-type electric fields at the plasma sheet boundary. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hesse, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 696, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM michael.hesse@nasa.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 603 EP 612 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780DL UT WOS:000189356400020 ER PT J AU Kessel, RL Mann, IR Fung, SF Milling, DK O'Connell, N AF Kessel, RL Mann, IR Fung, SF Milling, DK O'Connell, N TI Correlation of Pc5 wave power inside and outside the magnetosphere during high speed streams SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE interplanetary physics; MHD waves and turbulence; magnetospheric physics; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions; MHD waves and instabilities ID UPSTREAM PRESSURE VARIATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD ORIENTATION; SOLAR-WIND; BOW SHOCK; DAYSIDE MAGNETOSPHERE; EARTHS MAGNETOPAUSE; HYDROMAGNETIC WAVES; ULF FLUCTUATIONS; LINE RESONANCES; MAGNETOSHEATH AB We show a clear correlation between the ULF wave power (Pc5 range) inside and outside the Earth's magnetosphere during high speed streams in 1995. We trace fluctuations beginning 200 RE upstream using Wind data, to fluctuations just upstream from Earth's bow shock and in the magnetosheath using Geotail data and compare to pulsations on the ground at the Kilpisjarvi ground station. With our 5-month data set we draw the following conclusions. ULF fluctuations in the Pc5 range are found in high speed streams; they are non-Alfvenic at the leading edge and Alfvenic in the central region. Compressional and Alfvenic fluctuations are modulated at the bow shock, some features of the waveforms are preserved in the magnetosheath, but overall turbulence and wave power is enhanced by about a factor of 10. Parallel (compressional) and perpendicular (transverse) power are at comparable levels in the solar wind and magnetosheath, both in the compression region and in the central region of high speed streams. Both the total parallel and perpendicular Pc5 power in the solar wind (and to a lesser extent in the magnetosheath) correlate well with the total Pc5 power of the ground-based H-component magnetic field. ULF fluctuations in the magnetosheath during high speed streams are common at frequencies from 1-4 mHz and can coincide with the cavity eigenfrequencies of 1.3, 1.9, 2.6, and 3.4 mHz, though other discrete frequencies are also often seen. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Kessel, RL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kessel@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Fung, Shing/F-5647-2012 NR 49 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 629 EP 641 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780DL UT WOS:000189356400022 ER PT J AU Stubbs, TJ Lockwood, M Cargill, P Grande, M Kellett, B Perry, C AF Stubbs, TJ Lockwood, M Cargill, P Grande, M Kellett, B Perry, C TI A comparison between ion characteristics observed by the POLAR and DMSP spacecraft in the high-latitude magnetosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; magnetospheric configuration and dynamic ID DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTICS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOW-ALTITUDE; PLASMA SHEET; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; ELECTRON FLUXES; SOLAR-WIND; IDENTIFICATION; MODEL AB We study here the injection and transport of ions in the convection-dominated region of the Earth's magnetosphere. The total ion counts from the CAMMICE MICS instrument aboard the POLAR spacecraft are used to generate occurrence probability distributions of magnetospheric ion populations. MICS ion spectra are characterised by both the peak in the differential energy flux, and the average energy of ions striking the detector. The former permits a comparison with the Stubbs et at. (2001) survey of He2+ ions of solar wind origin within the magnetosphere. The latter can address the occurrences of various classifications of precipitating particle fluxes observed in the topside ionosphere by DMSP satellites (Newell and Meng, 1992). The peak energy occurrences are consistent with our earlier work, including the dawn-dusk asymmetry with enhanced occurrences on the dawn flank at low energies, switching to the dusk flank at higher energies. The differences in the ion energies observed in these two studies can be explained by drift orbit effects and acceleration processes at the magnetopause, and in the tail current sheet. Near noon at average ion energies of approximate to 1 keV, the cusp and open LLBL occur further poleward here than in the Newell and Meng survey, probably due to convection-related time-of-flight effects. An important new result is that the pre-noon bias previously observed in the LLBL is most likely due to the component of this population on closed field lines, formed largely by low energy ions drifting earthward from the tail. There is no evidence here of mass and momentum transfer from the solar wind to the LLBL by non-reconnection coupling. At higher energies (approximate to2-20 keV), we observe ions mapping to the auroral oval and can distinguish between the boundary and central plasma sheets. We show that ions at these energies relate to a transition from dawn-ward to duskward dominated flow, this is evidence of how ion drift orbits in the tail influence the location and behaviour of the plasma populations in the magnetosphere. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Dept Space Sci, Didcot, Oxon, England. RP Stubbs, TJ (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. EM tstubbs@lepvax.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Lockwood, Mike/G-1030-2011; Stubbs, Timothy/I-5139-2013; Grande, Manuel/C-2242-2013 OI Lockwood, Mike/0000-0002-7397-2172; Stubbs, Timothy/0000-0002-5524-645X; Grande, Manuel/0000-0002-2233-2618 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1033 EP 1046 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 811HE UT WOS:000220762200026 ER PT J AU Le, G Russell, CT Takahashi, K AF Le, G Russell, CT Takahashi, K TI Morphology of the ring current derived from magnetic field observations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; current systems; storms and substorms; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics ID STEADY-STATE RESPONSE; LOW-LATITUDE STATIONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; SUDDEN IMPULSES; RADIATION; EARTH; MAGNETOSPHERE; PARTICLES; PRESSURE; ENERGY AB Our examination of the 20 years of magneto-spheric magnetic field data from ISEE, AMPTE/CCE and Polar missions has allowed us to quantify how the ring current flows and closes in the magnetosphere at a variety of disturbance levels. Using intercalibrated magnetic field data from the three spacecraft. we are able to construct the statistical magnetic field maps and derive 3-dimensional cur-rent density by the simple device of taking the curl of the statistically determined magnetic field. The results show that there are two ring currents, an inner one that flows eastward at similar to3 R-E and a main westward ring current at similar to4-7 R-E for all levels of geomagnetic disturbances. In general, the in-situ observations show that the rimy current varies as the D-st index decreases, as we would expect it to change. An unexpected result is how asymmetric it is in local time. Some cur-rent clearly circles the magnetosphere but much of the energetic plasma stays in the night hemisphere. These energetic particles appear not to be able to readily convect into the dayside magnetosphere. During quiet times, the symmetric and partial ring currents are similar in strength (similar to0.5 MA) and the peak of the westward ring current is close to local midnight. It is the partial ring current that exhibits most drastic intensification as the level of disturbances increases. Under the condition of moderate magnetic storms, the total partial ring current reaches similar to3 MA, whereas the total symmetric ring current is similar to1 MA. Thus, the partial ring current contributes dominantly to the decrease in the D-st index. As the ring current strengthens the peak of the partial ring current shifts duskward to the pre-midnight sector. The partial ring current is closed by a meridional current system through the ionosphere, mainly the field-aligned current, which maximizes at local times near the dawn and dusk. The closure cur-rents flow in the sense of region-2 field-aligned currents, downward into the ionosphere near the dusk and upward out of the ionosphere near the dawn. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM guan.le@nasa.gov RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 41 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1267 EP 1295 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 817TI UT WOS:000221199400016 ER PT J AU Birn, J Thomsen, MF Hesse, M AF Birn, J Thomsen, MF Hesse, M TI Acceleration of oxygen ions in the dynamic magnetotail SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; energetic particles, trapped; magnetotail; storms and substorms ID DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL; PLASMA SHEET; GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBSERVATIONS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; FLUX ROPES; MHD FIELDS; INJECTIONS; SUBSTORMS; ORBITS; BURSTS AB The substorm-related acceleration and flux increases of energetic oxygen ions are studied on the basis of test particle orbits in the fields obtained from an MHD simulation of plasmoid formation and ejection and the collapse (dipolarization) of the inner tail. The simulated fluxes show large anisotropies and nongyrotropic effects, phase bunching and spatially and temporally localized beams. The energy distribution of O+ in the region of an earthward beam in the near tail becomes significantly harder, more pronounced than for protons, in qualitative agreement with observations. The simulation also shows tailward beams of energetic O+ ions closely associated with the passage of a plasmoid, both inside the plasma sheet boundary and inside the central plasma sheet, consistent with observations in the far tail. The acceleration at the near-Earth x-type neutral line produces a narrow duskward beam of energetic O+ in the duskward extension of the x-line, which was not found to be as pronounced in proton test particle simulations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Birn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbirn@lanl.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1305 EP 1315 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 817TI UT WOS:000221199400018 ER PT J AU Birn, J Raeder, J Wang, YL Wolf, RA Hesse, M AF Birn, J Raeder, J Wang, YL Wolf, RA Hesse, M TI On the propagation of bubbles in the geomagnetic tail SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; magnetotail; plasma sheet ID BURSTY BULK FLOWS; PLASMA SHEET; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; AURORAL STREAMERS; MHD SIMULATIONS; FLUX TUBES; CONVECTION; FILAMENT; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS AB Using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we investigate the propagation of low-entropy magnetic flux tubes ("bubbles") in the magnetotail. Our simulations address fundamental properties of the propagation and dynamics of such flux tubes rather than the actual formation process. We find that the early evolution, after a sudden reduction of pressure and entropy on a localized flux tube, is governed by re-establishing the balance of the total pressure in the dawn-dusk and north-south directions through compression on a time scale less than about 20 s for the typical magnetotail. The compression returns the equatorial pressure to its original unperturbed value, due to the fact that the magnetic field contributes only little to the total pressure, while farther away from the equatorial plane the magnetic field compression dominates. As a consequence the pressure is no longer constant along a flux tube. The subsequent evolution is characterized by earthward propagation at speeds of the order of 200-400km/s, depending on the initial amount of depletion and the cross-tail extent of a bubble. Simple acceleration without depletion does not lead to significant earthward propagation. It hence seems that both the entropy reduction and the plasma acceleration play an important role in the generation of fast plasma flows and their propagation into the near tail. Earthward moving bubbles are found to be associated with field-aligned current systems, directed earthward on the dawnward edge and tailward on the duskward edge. This is consistent with current systems attributed to observed bursty bulk flows and their auroral effects. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Birn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM birn@lanl.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012 NR 20 TC 137 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 6 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1773 EP 1786 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 816MM UT WOS:000221114000030 ER PT J AU Mayr, HG Mengel, JG Talaat, ER Porter, HS Chan, KL AF Mayr, HG Mengel, JG Talaat, ER Porter, HS Chan, KL TI Modeling study of mesospheric planetary waves: genesis and characteristics SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; general circulation; middle atmosphere dynamics, waves and tides ID DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; NONMIGRATING DIURNAL TIDES; INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; 2-DAY WAVE; LOWER-THERMOSPHERE; QUASI-2-DAY WAVE; RADAR OBSERVATIONS AB The Numerical Spectral Model (NSM) extends from the ground into the thermosphere and incorporates Hines' Doppler Spread Parameterization for small-scale gravity waves (GWs). In the present version of the model we account for a tropospheric heat source in the zonal mean (m = 0), which reproduces qualitatively the observed zonal jets near the tropopause and the accompanying reversal in the latitudinal temperature variations. In the study presented here, we discuss the planetary waves (PWs) that are solely generated internally, i.e. without the explicit excitation sources related to tropospheric convection or topography. Our analysis shows that PWs are not produced when the zonally averaged heat source into the atmosphere is artificially suppressed, and that the PWs are generally weaker when the tropospheric source is not applied. Instabilities associated with the zonal mean temperature, pressure and wind fields, which still need to be explored, are exciting PWs that have amplitudes in the mesosphere comparable to those observed. Three classes of PWs are generated in the NSM. (1) Rossby type PWs, which slowly propagate westward relative to the mean zonal flow, are carried by the winds so that they appear (from the ground) to propagate, respectively, eastward and westward in the winter and summer hemispheres below 80 km. Depending on the zonal wave number and magnitudes of the zonal winds, and under the influence of the equatorial oscillations, these PWs typically have periods between 2 and 20 days. Their horizontal wind amplitudes can exceed 40 m/s in the lower mesosphere. (2) Rossby-gravity waves, which propagate westward at low latitudes and have periods around 2 days for zonal wave numbers m = 2 to 4. (3) Eastward propagating equatorial Kelvin waves, which are generated in the upper mesosphere with periods between 1 and 3 days depending on m. A survey of the PWs reveals that the largest wind amplitudes tend to occur below 80 km in the winter hemisphere; but above that altitude the amplitudes are larger in the summer hemisphere where the winds can approach 50 m/s. This pattern in the seasonal variations also appears in the baroclinity of the zonal mean (m = 0). The non-migrating tides in the mesosphere are significantly larger for the model with the tropospheric heat source, in which PWs are apparently generated by the instabilities that arise around the tropopause. C1 Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Mayr, HG (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM hans.mayr@gsfc.nasa.gov OI Chan, Kwing/0000-0002-6428-1812 NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1885 EP 1902 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840DH UT WOS:000222836700004 ER PT J AU Asnes, A Stadsnes, J Bjordal, J Ostgaard, N Detrick, DL Rosenberg, TJ Haaland, SE AF Asnes, A Stadsnes, J Bjordal, J Ostgaard, N Detrick, DL Rosenberg, TJ Haaland, SE TI Pi2-pulsations observed in energetic electron precipitation and magnetic field in association with a substorm surge SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE storm and substorms; energetic particles, precipitating; wave-particle interaction ID PI2 PULSATIONS; FLOW; CONJUGATE; STATION; EVENTS; ONSETS; FLUXES; AURORA AB For a substorm 24 July 1998 PIXIE observes the onset and expansion during a perigee pass of the Polar satellite. This gives an opportunity to follow the evolution of the onset and expansion phase, almost on a global scale with relatively high temporal resolution. The substorm is presented with multiple observations throughout the magnetosphere. Following the onset of the substorm we observe a localised region of modulated energetic electron fluxes following the passage of the westward travelling surge in the pre-midnight region. We count at least six clear pulses with a period of approximately one minute. Concurrent magnetic ground measurements show similar characteristics, almost simultaneously with the pulses in precipitation. We propose several possible mechanism for the pulsations, amongst them the theory of modulated wave particle interaction first proposed by Coroniti and Kennel (1970). C1 Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. RP Asnes, A (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Allegt 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM asnes@fi.uib.no NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 2097 EP 2105 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840DH UT WOS:000222836700022 ER PT J AU McWilliams, KA Sofko, GJ Yeoman, TK Milan, SE Sibeck, DG Nagai, T Mukai, T Coleman, IJ Hori, T Rich, FJ AF McWilliams, KA Sofko, GJ Yeoman, TK Milan, SE Sibeck, DG Nagai, T Mukai, T Coleman, IJ Hori, T Rich, FJ TI Simultaneous observations of magnetopause flux transfer events and of their associated signatures at ionospheric altitudes SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; (energetic particles, precipitating; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions); space plasma physics; (magnetic reconnection) ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; HF RADAR OBSERVATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; COORDINATED CLUSTER; ISEE OBSERVATIONS; AURORAL-ZONE; RECONNECTION; CUTLASS AB An extensive variety of instruments, including Geotail, DMSP F11, SuperDARN, and IMP-8, were monitoring the dayside magnetosphere and ionosphere between 14:00 and 18:00 UT on 18 January 1999. The location of the instruments provided an excellent opportunity to study in detail the direct coupling between the solar wind, the magnetosphere, and the ionosphere. Flux transfer events were observed by Geotail near the magnetopause in the dawn side magnetosheath at about 4 magnetic local time during exclusively northward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. Excellent coverage of the entire dayside high-latitude ionosphere was achieved by the Northern Hemisphere SuperDARN radars. On the large scale, temporally and spatially, the dayside magnetosphere convection remained directly driven by the interplanetary magnetic field, despite the highly variable interplanetary magnetic field conditions, including long periods of northward field. The SuperDARN radars in the dawn sector also measured small-scale temporally varying convection velocities, which are indicative of flux transfer event activity, in the vicinity of the magnetic footprint of Geotail. DMSP F11 in the Southern Hemisphere measured typical cusp precipitation simultaneously with and magnetically conjugate to a single flux transfer event signature detected by Geotail. A study of the characteristics of the DMSP ion spectrogram revealed that the source plasma from the reconnection site originated downstream of the subsolar point. Detailed analyses of locally optimised coordinate Systems for individual flux transfer events at Geotail are consistent with a series of flux tubes protruding from the magnetopause, and originating from a high-latitude reconnection site in the Southern Hemisphere. This high-latitude reconnection site agrees with plasma injected away from the subsolar point. This is the first simultaneous and independent determination from ionospheric and space-based data of the location of magnetic reconnection. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 152, Japan. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa, Japan. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. AFRL, VSBXP, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP McWilliams, KA (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. EM mcwilliams@dansas.usask.ca RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012; Yeoman, Timothy/L-9105-2014; OI Yeoman, Timothy/0000-0002-8434-4825; Hori, Tomoaki/0000-0001-8451-6941 NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 2181 EP 2199 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840DH UT WOS:000222836700028 ER PT J AU Pickett, JS Chen, LJ Kahler, SW Santolik, O Gurnett, DA Tsurutani, BT Balogh, A AF Pickett, JS Chen, LJ Kahler, SW Santolik, O Gurnett, DA Tsurutani, BT Balogh, A TI Isolated electrostatic structures observed throughout the Cluster orbit: relationship to magnetic field strength SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Multipoint Measurements in Space CY MAY 12-16, 2003 CL Orleans, FRANCE DE magnetospheric physics; general; space plasma physics; electrostatic structures : nonlinear phenomena ID SOLITARY WAVES; HOLES; SIMULATION; SPACECRAFT; AMPLITUDE; DRIVEN; LINES; POLAR; BEAM AB Isolated electrostatic structures are observed throughout much of the 4 R-E by 19.6 R-E Cluster orbit. These structures are observed in the Wideband plasma wave instrument's waveform data as bipolar pulses (one positive and one negative peak in the electric field amplitude) and tripolar pulses (two positive and one negative peak, or vice versa). These structures are observed at all of the boundary layers, in the solar wind and magnetosheath, and along auroral field lines at 4.5-6.5 R-E. Using the Wideband waveform data from the various Cluster spacecraft we have carried out a survey of the amplitudes and time durations of these structures and how these quantities vary with the local magnetic-field strength. Such a survey has not been carried out before, and it reveals certain characteristics of solitary structures in a finite magnetic field, a topic still inadequately addressed by theories. We find that there is a broad range of electric field amplitudes at any specific magnetic field strength, and there is a general trend for the electric field amplitudes to increase as the strength of the magnetic field increases over a range of 5 to 500 nT. We provide a possible explanation for this trend that relates to the structures being Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal mode solitary waves. There is no corresponding dependence of the duration of the structures on the magnetic field strength, although a plot of these two quantities reveals the unexpected result that with the exception of the magnetosheath, all of the time durations for all of the other regions are comparable, whereas the magnetosheath time durations clearly are in a different category of much smaller time duration. We speculate that this implies that the structures are much smaller in size. The distinctly different pulse durations for the magnetosheath pulses indicate the possibility that the pulses are generated by a mechanism which is different from the mechanism operating in other regions. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. RP Pickett, JS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM pickett@uiowa.edu RI Chen, Li-Jen/C-2106-2012; Santolik, Ondrej/F-7766-2014 NR 28 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 3 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 7 BP 2515 EP 2523 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850NW UT WOS:000223620300023 ER PT J AU Darrouzet, F Decreau, PME De Keyser, J Masson, A Gallagher, DL Santolik, O Sandel, BR Trotignon, JG Rauch, JL Le Guirriec, E Canu, P Sedgemore, F Andre, M Lemaire, JF AF Darrouzet, F Decreau, PME De Keyser, J Masson, A Gallagher, DL Santolik, O Sandel, BR Trotignon, JG Rauch, JL Le Guirriec, E Canu, P Sedgemore, F Andre, M Lemaire, JF TI Density structures inside the plasmasphere: Cluster observations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Multipoint Measurements in Space CY MAY 12-16, 2003 CL Orleans, FRANCE DE magnetospheric physics; plasmasphere; space plasma physics; general or miscellaneous ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER; ELECTRIC-FIELD; POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMAPAUSE; MISSION; MAGNETOSPHERE; EARTH; INSTRUMENT; SPACECRAFT AB The electron density profiles derived from the EFW and WHISPER instruments on board the four Cluster spacecraft reveal density structures inside the plasmasphere and at its outer boundary, the plasmapause. We have conducted a statistical study to characterize these density structures. We focus on the plasmasphere crossing on I I April 2002, during which Cluster observed several density irregularities inside the plasmasphere, as well as a plasmaspheric plume. We derive the density gradient vectors from simultaneous density measurements by the four spacecraft. We also determine the normal velocity of the boundaries of the plume and of the irregularities from the time delays between those boundaries in the four individual density profiles, assuming they are planar. These new observations yield novel insights about the occurrence of density irregularities, their geometry and their dynamics. These in-situ measurements are compared with global images of the plasmasphere from the EUV imager on board the IMAGE satellite. C1 Belgian Inst Space Aeron, IASB, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Orleans, CNRS, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans, France. ESA, Estec, RSSD, NL-2201 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys MFF, CR-12116 Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Versailles, CNRS, CETP, F-78140 Velizy Villacoublay, France. Danish Space Res Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Swedish Inst Space Phys, IRFU, Uppsala Div, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. CAS, IAP, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. RP Darrouzet, F (reprint author), Belgian Inst Space Aeron, IASB, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM fabien.darrouzet@oma.be RI Santolik, Ondrej/F-7766-2014; OI Darrouzet, Fabien/0000-0002-2927-6858 NR 46 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 7 BP 2577 EP 2585 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850NW UT WOS:000223620300030 ER PT J AU Israelevich, PL Ofman, L AF Israelevich, PL Ofman, L TI Parallel electric field in the auroral ionosphere: excitation of acoustic waves by Alfven waves SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; electric fields and currents; plasma waves and instabilities; polar ionosphere ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; ELECTROSTATIC SHOCKS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE; VIKING SATELLITE; ALIGNED CURRENTS; PLASMA SHEET; ALTITUDE; MAGNETOSPHERE; BOUNDARY AB We investigate a new mechanism for the formation of a parallel electric field observed in the auroral ionosphere. For this purpose, the excitation of acoustic waves by propagating Alfven waves was studied numerically. We find that the magnetic pressure perturbation due to finite amplitude Alfven waves causes the perturbation of the plasma pressure that propagates in the form of acoustic waves, and gives rise to a parallel electric field. This mechanism explains the observations of the strong parallel electric field in the small-scale electromagnetic perturbations of the auroral ionosphere. For the cases when the parallel electric current in the small-scale auroral perturbations is so strong that the velocity of current carriers exceeds the threshold of the ion sound instability, the excited ion acoustic waves may account for the parallel electric fields as strong as tens of mV/m. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Israelevich, PL (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM peter@luna.tau.ac.il NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 8 BP 2797 EP 2804 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 862IJ UT WOS:000224483900014 ER PT J AU Sahai, Y Fagundes, PR Becker-Guedes, F Abalde, JR Crowley, G Pi, X Igarashi, K Amarante, GM Pimenta, AA Bittencourt, JA AF Sahai, Y Fagundes, PR Becker-Guedes, F Abalde, JR Crowley, G Pi, X Igarashi, K Amarante, GM Pimenta, AA Bittencourt, JA TI Longitudinal differences observed in the ionospheric F-region during the major geomagnetic storm of 31 March 2001 SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; ionospheric disturbances; modelling and forecasting; magnetospheric physics; storms and substorms ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE; IMAGING OBSERVATIONS; PLASMA DEPLETIONS; MAGNETIC STORMS; WAGS CAMPAIGN; JANUARY 10; DISTURBANCES; SUBSTORMS; MIDDLE AB A new ionospheric sounding station using a Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI) was established for routine measurements by the "Universidade do Vale do Paraiba (UNIVAP)" at Sao Jose dos Campos (23.2degrees S, 45.9degrees W), Brazil, in August 2000. A major geomagnetic storm with gradual commencement at about 01:00 UT was observed or 31 March 2001. In this paper, we present and discuss salient features from the ionospheric sounding measurements carried out at S. J. Campos on the three consecutive UT days 30 March (quiet), 31 March (disturbed) and I April (recovery) 2001. During most of the storm period. the foF2 values showed negative phase, whereas during the two storm-time peaks, large F-region height variations were observed. In order to study the longitudinal differences observed in the F-realon during the storm, the simultaneous ionospheric sounding measurements carried out at S. J. Campos. El Arenosillo (37.1degrees N, 6.7degrees W), Spain, Okinawa (26.3degrees N, 127.8degrees E), Japan and Wakkanai (45.5degrees N, 141.7degrees E), Japan, during the period 30 March-1 April 2001, have been analyzed. A comparison of the observed ionospheric parameters (h'F and foF2) in the two longitudinal zones (1. Japanese and 2. Brazilian-Spanish) shows both similarities and differences associated with the geomagnetic disturbances. Some latitudinal differences are also observed in the two longitudinal zones. In addition, global ionospheric TEC maps from the worldwide network of GPS receivers are presented, showing widespread TEC changes during both the main and recovery phases of the storm. The ionospheric sounding measurements are compared with the ASPEN-TIMEGCM model runs appropriate for the storm conditions. The model results produce better agreement during the quiet period. During the disturbed period, some of the observed F-region height variations are well reproduced by the model results. The model foF2 and TEC results differ considerably during the recovery period and indicate much stronger negative phase at all the stations, particularly at the low-latitude ones. C1 UNIVAP, BR-12244000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Commun Res Labs, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. Abdus Salam ICTP, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. INPE, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. RP Sahai, Y (reprint author), UNIVAP, BR-12244000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. EM sahai@univap.br RI miro amarante, maria gloria/F-1792-2010; Fagundes, Paulo/G-8758-2011; Abalde, Jose/C-4274-2012; Sahai, Yogeshwar/C-4855-2012; Pimenta, Alexandre/C-6719-2012; Becker-Guedes, Fabio/M-6911-2015 NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 9 BP 3221 EP 3229 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864NH UT WOS:000224639700015 ER PT J AU Mayr, HG Mengel, JG Talaat, ER Porter, HS Chan, KL AF Mayr, HG Mengel, JG Talaat, ER Porter, HS Chan, KL TI Properties of internal planetary-scale inertio gravity waves in the mesosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; general circulation; middle atmosphere dynamics; waves and tides ID DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; SOUTH-POLE; SASKATOON 52-DEGREES-N; 12-HOUR OSCILLATION; MOMENTUM DEPOSITION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MU-RADAR; IMPLEMENTATION AB At high latitudes in the upper mesosphere, horizontal wind oscillations have been observed with periods around 10 h. Waves with such a period are generated in our Numerical Spectral Model (NSM), and they are identified as planetary-scale inertio gravity waves (IGW). These IGWs have periods between 9 and I I h and appear above 60 kin in the zonal mean (m=0), as well as in m=l to 4, propagating eastward and westward. Under the influence of the Coriolis force, the amplitudes of the waves propagating westward are larger at high latitudes than those propagating eastward. The waves grow in magnitude at least up to about 100 km and have vertical wavelengths around 25 km. Applying a running window of 15 days for spectral analysis, the amplitudes in the wind field are typically between 10 and 20 m/s and can reach 30m/s in the westward propagating component for m=1 at the poles. In the temperature perturbations, the wave amplitudes above 100 km are typically 5 K and as large as 10 K for m=0 at the poles. The IGWs are intermittent but reveal systematic seasonal variations, with the largest amplitudes occurring generally in late winter and spring. Numerical experiments show that such waves are also generated without excitation of the migrating tides. The amplitudes and periods then are similar, indicating that the tides are not essential to generate the waves. However, the seasonal variations without tides are significantly different, which leads to the conclusion that non linear interactions between the semidiurnal tide and planetary waves must contribute to the excitation of the IGWs. Directly or indirectly through the planetary waves, the IGWs are apparently excited by the instabilities that arise in the zonal mean circulation. When the solar heating is turned off for m=0, both the PWs and IGWs essentially disappear. That the IGWs and PWs have common roots in their excitation mechanism is also indicated by the striking similarity of their seasonal variations in the lower mesosphere. Compared to the PWs, however, the planetary-scale IGWs propagate zonally with much larger phase speeds. In contrast to the PWs, the IGWs thus are not affected much by interactions with the background zonal winds whose seasonal variations drastically change with altitude in the mesosphere. Since the IGWs can propagate through the mesosphere without much interaction, except for viscous dissipation, one should then expect that they reach the thermosphere above with significant and measurable amplitudes. C1 Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Mayr, HG (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM hans.mayr@gsfc.nasa.gov OI Chan, Kwing/0000-0002-6428-1812 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 10 BP 3421 EP 3435 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 878JM UT WOS:000225643100009 ER PT J AU Sibeck, DG Kudela, K Mukai, T Nemecek, Z Safrankova, J AF Sibeck, DG Kudela, K Mukai, T Nemecek, Z Safrankova, J TI Radial dependence of foreshock cavities: a case study SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE interplanetary physics; energetic particles; planetary bow shocks; magnetospheric physics; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; UPSTREAM PRESSURE VARIATIONS; WIND DYNAMIC PRESSURE; SOLAR-WIND; ION EVENTS; MAGNETOPAUSE; WAVES; MAGNETOSPHERE; ACCELERATION; SPACECRAFT AB We present a case study of Geotail, Interball-1, IMP-8, and Wind observations of density and magnetic field strength cavities excavated by the enhanced pressures associated with bursts of energetic ions in the foreshock. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the pressure of the energetic ions diminishes rapidly with upstream distance due to a decrease in the flux of energetic ions and a transition from near-isotropic to streaming pitch angle distributions. Consequently, the cavities can only be observed immediately upstream from the bow shock. A comparison of conditions upstream from the pre- and post-noon bow shock demonstrates that foreshock cavities introduce perturbations into the oncoming solar wind flow with dimensions smaller than those of the magnetosphere. Dayside geosynchronous magnetic field strength variations observed by GOES-8 do not track the density variations seen by any of the spacecraft upstream from the bow shock in a one-to-one manner, indicating that none of these spacecraft observed the precise sequence of density variations that actually struck the subsolar magnetopause. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa, Japan. Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Sibeck, DG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.g.sibeck@nasa.gov RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 12 BP 4143 EP 4151 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 894ZV UT WOS:000226831100012 ER PT J AU Korotova, GI Sibeck, DG Singer, HJ Rosenberg, TJ Engebretson, MJ AF Korotova, GI Sibeck, DG Singer, HJ Rosenberg, TJ Engebretson, MJ TI Interplanetary magnetic field control of dayside transient event occurrence and motion in the ionosphere and magnetosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE interplanetary physics; interplanetary magnetic fields; discontinuities; magnetospheric physics; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions ID UPSTREAM PRESSURE VARIATIONS; CONVECTION TWIN VORTICES; SOLAR-WIND; IMPULSE EVENTS; HIGH-LATITUDES; BOW SHOCK; MAGNETOMETERS; SIGNATURES; SATELLITE; MODEL AB The pressure pulse model for dayside transient ionospheric events predicts dawnward moving events at and prior to local noon during periods of spiral interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation, but duskward moving events at and after local noon during rarer periods of orthospiral IMF orientation. We use this model to interpret ground and geosynchronous magnetometer observations of a duskward-moving transient event that occurred on 10 August 1995 during a period of orthospiral IMF orientation. We then survey geosynchronous GOES-8, 9, and 10 magnetometer observations to determine the directions of motion for 67 isolated magnetic impulse events seen in South Pole magnetograms from 1995-1999. The occurrence patterns and directions of motion inferred from both case and statistical studies are consistent with pressure pulse model predictions. C1 IZMIRAN, Troitsk 142190, Russia. L 3 Commun GSI, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, SEC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Korotova, GI (reprint author), IZMIRAN, Troitsk 142190, Russia. EM korotova@excite.com RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 12 BP 4197 EP 4202 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 894ZV UT WOS:000226831100016 ER PT J AU Le, G Chen, SH Zheng, Y Russell, CT Slavin, JA Huang, C Petrinec, SM Moore, TE Samson, J Singer, HJ Yumoto, K AF Le, G Chen, SH Zheng, Y Russell, CT Slavin, JA Huang, C Petrinec, SM Moore, TE Samson, J Singer, HJ Yumoto, K TI Coordinated polar spacecraft, geosynchronous spacecraft, and ground-based observations of magnetopause processes and their coupling to the ionosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; MHD waves and instabilities ID FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; DYNAMIC PRESSURE VARIATIONS; PERIOD MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; FIELD LINE RESONANCES; SOLAR-WIND VELOCITY; PC5 WAVE POWER; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOSPHERIC RESPONSE; LATITUDE MAGNETOPAUSE; PULSED RECONNECTION AB In this paper, we present in-situ observations of processes occurring at the magnetopause and vicinity, including surface waves, oscillatory magnetospheric field lines, and flux transfer events, and coordinated observations at geosynchronous orbit by the GOES spacecraft, and on the ground by CANOPUS and 210degrees Magnetic Meridian (210 MM) magnetometer arrays. On 7 February 2002, during a high-speed solar wind stream, the Polar spacecraft was skimming the magnetopause in a post-noon meridian plane for similar to3 h. During this interval, it made two short excursions and a few partial crossings into the magnetosheath and observed quasi-periodic cold ion bursts in the region adjacent to the magnetopause current layer. The multiple magnetopause crossings, as well as the velocity of the cold ion bursts, indicate that the magnetopause was oscillating with an similar to6-min period. Simultaneous observations of Pc5 waves at geosynchronous orbit by the GOES spacecraft and on the ground by the CANOPUS magnetometer array reveal that these magnetospheric pulsations were forced oscillations of magnetic field lines directly driven by the magnetopause oscillations. The magnetospheric pulsations occurred only in a limited longitudinal region in the post-noon dayside sector, and were not a global phenomenon, as one would expect for global field line resonance. Thus, the magnetopause oscillations at the source were also limited to a localized region spanning similar to4 h in local time. These observations suggest that it is unlikely that the Kelvin-Helmholz instability and/or fluctuations in the solar wind dynamic pressure were the direct driving mechanisms for the observed boundary oscillations. Instead, the likely mechanism for the localized boundary oscillations was pulsed reconnection at the magnetopause occurring along the X-line extending over the same 4-h region. The Pc5 band pressure fluctuations commonly seen in high-speed solar wind streams may modulate the reconnection rate as an indirect cause of the observed Pc5 pulsations. During the same interval, two flux transfer events were also observed in the magnetosphere near the oscillating magnetopause. Their ground signatures were identified in the CANOPUS data. The time delays of the FTE signatures from the Polar spacecraft to the ground stations enable us to estimate that the longitudinal extent of the reconnection X-line at the magnetopause was similar to43degrees or similar to5.2 R-E. The coordinated in-situ and ground-based observations suggest that FTEs are produced by transient reconnection taking place along a single extended X-line at the magnetopause, as suggested in the models by Scholer (1988) and Southwood et al. (1988). The observations from this study suggest that the reconnection occurred in two different forms simultaneously in the same general region at the dayside magnetopause: 1) continuous reconnection with a pulsed reconnection rate, and 2) transient reconnection as flux transfer events. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NRC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Le, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM guan.le@nasa.gov RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Zheng, Yihua/D-7368-2012; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012 OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 12 BP 4329 EP 4350 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 894ZV UT WOS:000226831100026 ER PT S AU Li, J Zwally, HJ AF Li, J Zwally, HJ BE Fohn, PMB TI Modeling the density variation in the shallow firn layer SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 38 2004 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Snow and Avalanches CY JUN 02-06, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanches ID ICE-SHEET; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE ELEVATION; MASS-BALANCE; DENSIFICATION; SNOW; GREENLAND; GROWTH; SUMMIT AB Vapor-transfer theory is incorporated into a previous firn-densification model to investigate the effect of vapor-transfer processes on densification in firn within 10 in of the surface. The densification rate in the model is governed by the change of overburden pressure (determined by the accumulation rate), the firn temperature, and the temperature gradient. The time of exposure to temperature gradients at shallow depths is a critical factor determining the importance of vapor-transfer processes. In high-accumulation and high-temperature conditions such as for the Greenland ice sheet, the temperature gradient and vapor transfer are less important due to the shorter exposure times. The high summer temperatures dominate the rate of densification and annual variations in density. In low-accumulation and low-temperature conditions, such as for inland Antarctica, the vapor transfer driven by the temperature gradient has a stronger effect on the densification rate, and temperature-driven processes are less important. These factors determine both the rate of density increase with depth and the amplitudes of annual variations in density with depth. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon ITSS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oceans & Ice Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon ITSS, Code 971, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lijun@icesat2.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-33-4 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2004 VL 38 BP 309 EP 313 DI 10.3189/172756404781814988 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BBZ93 UT WOS:000228438200048 ER PT S AU Albert, M Shuman, C Courville, Z Bauer, R Fahnestock, M Scambos, T AF Albert, M Shuman, C Courville, Z Bauer, R Fahnestock, M Scambos, T BE Jacka, J TI Extreme firn metamorphism: impact of decades of vapor transport on near-surface firn at a low-accumulation glazed site on the East Antarctic plateau SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology (ISAG-7) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res, Int Glaciol Soc, Italian Antarct Res Programme, Italian Glaciol Comm, Italian Agcy New Technol, Energy & Environm HO Univ Milano Bicocca ID NATURAL-CONVECTION; SNOW; PERMEABILITY; LAND AB Snow and firn properties control the transport of vapor, gases and water between the atmosphere and the underlying strata. An understanding of this transport and the properties that control it is important for predicting air-snow transfer of chemical species and for interpreting ice cores. Remote-sensing images of East Antarctica show large areas of alternating light and dark bands. These low-amplitude, long-wavelength features have glazed downwind faces and rough upwind faces and are called megadunes. The first linked measurements of the permeability and the associated microstructure for a glazed area within a well-defined megadune area are reported in this paper. Permeability and density were measured, along with grain-scale properties derived from digital image processing of preserved thick sections, at this cold, low-accumulation glazed site. A clear layering pattern exists. In the top meter the firn density ranges from 0.24 to 0.50 g cm(-3). Permeability measurements range from 50 x 10(-10) to 200 X 10(-10) m(2), several times greater than corresponding profiles from warmer, higher-accumulation sites like Siple Dome, Antarctica. It is shown that buoyancy-driven natural convection may be important in post-depositional processes in very cold, low-accumulation sites like this. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Study Complex Syst, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Albert, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM mary.r.albert@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Scambos, Ted/B-1856-2009; Fahnestock, Mark/N-2678-2013; OI Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 20 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-34-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 39 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.3189/172756404781814041 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDB58 UT WOS:000232368400012 ER PT S AU Thomas, R Rignot, E Kanagaratnam, P Krabill, W Casassa, G AF Thomas, R Rignot, E Kanagaratnam, P Krabill, W Casassa, G BE Jacka, J TI Force-perturbation analysis of Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica, suggests cause for recent acceleration SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology (ISAG-7) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res, Int Glaciol Soc, Italian Antarct Res Programme, Italian Glaciol Comm, Italian Agcy New Technol, Energy & Environm HO Univ Milano Bicocca ID ICE-SHEET; WEST ANTARCTICA; SHELF; GREENLAND; COLLAPSE AB Pine Island Glacier, flowing into the Amundsen Sea from West Antarctica, thinned substantially during the 1990s, its grounding line receded by several km, and its velocity increased by >10% to values approaching 3 km a(-1). Here, we use these observations, together with estimates of ice thickness and surface strain rates, to estimate the perturbation in forces resisting ice flow compatible with the observations. The analysis assumes that such perturbations are transmitted far upstream from where they originate, and that creep response to the perturbations can be described by equations similar to those that govern ice-shelf creep. It indicates that observed acceleration between 1996 and 2000 could have been caused by progressive ungrounding within the most seaward 25 km 'ice plain' of the grounded glacier. Earlier retreat and thinning of the glacier's floating ice shelf may have provided the conditions that initiated ungrounding of the ice plain. Our analysis indicates that continued ice-plain thinning at the current rate of about 2 m a(-1) will result in a velocity increase by 1 km a(-1) within the next 11 years as the ice plain becomes totally ungrounded. C1 NASA, Wallops FLight Facil, EG&G Serv, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Kansas, Radar Syst & Remote Sensing Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NASA, Wallops FLight Facil, Code 972, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. Ctr Estudios Cient, Valdivia, Chile. RP Thomas, R (reprint author), NASA, Wallops FLight Facil, EG&G Serv, Bldg N-159, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. EM thomas@osb.wff.nasa.gov RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014 OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481 NR 24 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-34-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 39 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.3189/172756404781814429 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDB58 UT WOS:000232368400020 ER PT S AU Rignot, E Thomas, RH Kanagaratnam, P Casassa, G Frederick, E Gogineni, S Krabill, W Rivera, A Russell, R Sonntag, J Swift, R Yungel, J AF Rignot, E Thomas, RH Kanagaratnam, P Casassa, G Frederick, E Gogineni, S Krabill, W Rivera, A Russell, R Sonntag, J Swift, R Yungel, J BE Jacka, J TI Improved estimation of the mass balance of glaciers draining into the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica from the CECS/NASA 2002 campaign SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology (ISAG-7) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res, Int Glaciol Soc, Italian Antarct Res Programme, Italian Glaciol Comm, Italian Agcy New Technol, Energy & Environm HO Univ Milano Bicocca ID PINE-ISLAND GLACIER; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; THWAITES GLACIER; POLAR ICE; SHELF; THICKNESS; OCEAN AB In November-December 2002, a joint airborne experiment by Centro de Estudios Cientificos and NASA flew over the Antarctic ice sheet to collect laser altimetry and radio-echo sounding data over glaciers flowing into the Amundsen Sea. A P-3 aircraft on loan from the Chilean Navy made four flights over Pine Island, Thwaites, Pope, Smith and Kohler glaciers, with each flight yielding 1.5-2 hours of data. The thickness measurements reveal that these glaciers flow into deep troughs, which extend far inland, implying a high potential for rapid retreat. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar data (InSAR) and satellite altimetry data from the European Remote-sensing Satellites (ERS-1/-2) show rapid grounding-line retreat and ice thinning of these glaciers. Using the new thickness data, we have re-evaluated glacier fluxes and the present state of mass balance, which was previously estimated using ice thicknesses deduced largely from inversion of elevation data assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. The revised total ice discharge of 241 5 km(3) a(-1) exceeds snow accumulation by 81 +/- 17 km(3) a(-1) of ice, equivalent to a sea-level rise of 0.21 +/- 0.04 mm a(-1). This magnitude of ice loss is too large to be caused by atmospheric forcing and implies dynamic thinning of the glaciers. This is confirmed by ice-flow acceleration observed with InSAR. We attribute the flow acceleration and ice thinning to enhanced bottom melting of the ice shelves by a warmer ocean, which reduces buttressing of the glaciers, and in turn accelerates them out of balance. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, EG&G Serv, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Ctr Estudios Cient, Valdivia, Chile. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM eric.rignot@jpl.nasa.gov RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014 OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-34-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 39 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.3189/172756404781813916 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDB58 UT WOS:000232368400035 ER PT S AU Wang, WL Li, J Zwally, J Morgan, V Van Ommen, TD AF Wang, WL Li, J Zwally, J Morgan, V Van Ommen, TD BE Jacka, J TI The effect of anisotropic flow properties on ice-sheet surface elevation change SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology (ISAG-7) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res, Int Glaciol Soc, Italian Antarct Res Programme, Italian Glaciol Comm, Italian Agcy New Technol, Energy & Environm HO Univ Milano Bicocca ID DOME SUMMIT SOUTH; LAW DOME; POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; EAST ANTARCTICA; GREENLAND; DEFORMATION; RHEOLOGY; GLACIERS; VELOCITY; DIVIDE AB An ice-flow model has been developed and applied to Law Dome, East Antarctica, at the location of the Dome Summit South deep borehole. The results are used to reconstruct an ice-sheet history of accumulation rate, ice thickness and the rate of change in ice thickness. The focus of this study is on the effect of the variation in anisotropic flow properties on the ice-sheet surface elevation change. The enhancement factor, defined as the ratio of the strain rate for anisotropic ice to the strain rate for isotropic ice, is used in the ice-flow relations to account for the anisotropic properties of the ice with fabric development. The model is run with the various ice rheologies which represent anisotropic or isotropic ice-flow properties. The results show that the model incorporating anisotropic flow properties of the ice is more sensitive to the climate-change history. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon ITSS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oceans & Ice Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Australian Antarctic Div, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. CRC, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Wang, WL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon ITSS, Code 971, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM weili@icesat2.gsfc.nasa.gov RI van Ommen, Tas/B-5020-2012 OI van Ommen, Tas/0000-0002-2463-1718 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-34-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 39 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.3189/172756404781813989 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDB58 UT WOS:000232368400066 ER PT S AU Joughin, I Vaughan, DG AF Joughin, I Vaughan, DG BE Jacka, J TI Marine ice beneath the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica: a comparison of estimated thickness distributions SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology (ISAG-7) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res, Int Glaciol Soc, Italian Antarct Res Programme, Italian Glaciol Comm, Italian Agcy New Technol, Energy & Environm HO Univ Milano Bicocca ID OCEAN INTERACTION; MASS-BALANCE; SHEET; IMAGERY; RADAR; MODEL AB In an earlier study, melt/freeze rates beneath most of the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, were estimated using an assumption of a steady-state ice shelf applied to a velocity field derived from RADARSAT and ERS-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data and an ice-thickness map inferred from ERS-1 satellite radar altimeter data. Here, we use these basal accumulation rates and the InSAR velocity data to estimate the distribution and thickness of marine ice beneath the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. These estimates are compared with a marine-ice thickness map derived from radio-echo sounding (RES) data and airborne radar altimetry. In general, we find close agreement between these estimates. In the few locations where there are significant differences, the discrepancies are largely attributable to artifacts in the radar-altimeter thickness map. With improvements such as a much smaller footprint, the next generation of altimeters should overcome many of these limitations, leading to improved marine-ice accumulation estimates. Overall, the good agreement with the RES data validates the InSAR-based estimates over much of the Ronne ice Shelf. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NERC, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Joughin, I (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM ian@apl.washington.edu RI Joughin, Ian/A-2998-2008; Vaughan, David/C-8348-2011 OI Joughin, Ian/0000-0001-6229-679X; NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-34-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 39 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.3189/172756404781814717 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDB58 UT WOS:000232368400077 ER PT S AU Neumann, K Lyons, WB Priscu, JC Desmarais, DJ Welch, KA AF Neumann, K Lyons, WB Priscu, JC Desmarais, DJ Welch, KA BE Jacka, J TI The carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in perennially ice-covered Antarctic lakes: searching for a biogenic signature SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 39, 2004 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology (ISAG-7) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, ITALY SP Sci Comm Antarct Res, Int Glaciol Soc, Italian Antarct Res Programme, Italian Glaciol Comm, Italian Agcy New Technol, Energy & Environm HO Univ Milano Bicocca ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; TAYLOR VALLEY; FRYXELL; STREAMS; HOARE; GEOCHEMISTRY; ECOSYSTEMS; EVOLUTION; CANADA; VOSTOK AB The stable-isotopic signature of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) has been routinely used in temperate lake systems to investigate the biogeochemical dynamics of carbon. We studied seven perennially ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, to ascertain how carbon cycling affects the delta C-13 of DIC in water columns of these systems. Unlike temperate lakes and, in fact, most polar lake systems, the permanent ice covers of these lakes eliminate physical mixing (turnover) and hence redistribution of DIC in the lakes, as well as minimize CO2 exchange with the atmosphere. These important and unique physical constraints have significant impact on carbon dynamics in the lakes, and important consequences for the 813 C distribution. The geochemistry in these lakes is influenced in varying amounts by landscape position, hydrologic input and their evolutionary history. Five of these lakes (both lobes of Lake Bonney, and Lakes Fryxell, Miers and Vanda) have surface water delta C-13 ratios of 0-4 parts per thousand, Lake Hoare has more negative values, while Lake Joyce, the highest-elevation lake, has a much higher value (10.5 parts per thousand). All of the lakes have upper- to mid-depth delta C-13 maxima reflecting biological uptake of C-12. Only four of the lakes (Lakes Vanda, Joyce, Hoare and Fryxell) have deep waters with negative values of delta C-13, implying rigorous remineralization of 12 C at depth. Lake Miers, the only lake that is not closed basin, has the smallest delta C-13 variation with depth, indicating that hydrologic exchange greatly influences the delta C-13 signal. C1 Ball State Univ, Dept Geol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Neumann, K (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Geol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM lyons.142@osu.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-34-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2004 VL 39 BP 518 EP 524 DI 10.3189/172756404781814465 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BDB58 UT WOS:000232368400078 ER PT S AU Patel, BM Nagpal, VK Pai, SS Scaglione, LJ AF Patel, BM Nagpal, VK Pai, SS Scaglione, LJ GP IEEE TI Probabilistic structural analysis of ultra efficient engine technology ceramic matrix composite combustor liners SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2004 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-FEB 29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP SAE, IEEE, IIE, SLE, Soc Reliab Engineers, IEST, AIAA, Syst Safety Soc DE ceramic matrix composites; combustor liners; NESTEM code; probabilistic structural analysis; risk analysis; sensitivity factors; uncertainties AB A probabilistic structural analysis of NASA's Ultra Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) combustor liners has been completed using the NESTEM Code. The purpose was to identify the maximum stress locations and perform a probabilistic structural analysis at these locations on the inner and outer liners for given thermal loadings to determine the probability of failure at these locations. The probabilistic structural analysis included quantifying the influence of uncertainties in material stiffness properties and the coefficient of thermal expansion. Results of the analysis indicate that the circumferential component of stress was the most severe stress component and that the inner liner was more likely to fail than the outer liner. Tests of the combustor liners by General Electric Aerospace Engines (GEAE) qualitatively support the results of this analysis. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. N&R Engn, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Patel, BM (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 49-7,2100 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM bmpatel@nrengineering.com; vnagpal@nrengineering.com; shantaram.s.pai@ierc.nasa.gov; Lois.J.Scaglione@grc.nasa.com NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-8215-3 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2004 BP 320 EP 323 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2004.1285468 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BY64B UT WOS:000189427800055 ER PT S AU Vesely, WE AF Vesely, WE GP IEEE TI Extended fault modeling used in the space shuttle PRA SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2004 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-FEB 29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP SAE, IEEE, IIE, SLE, Soc Reliab Engineers, IEST, AIAA, Syst Safety Soc DE PRA; fault model; space shuttle AB A Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) has been completed for the Space Shuttle with NASA sponsorship and involvement. This current Space Shuttle PRA is an advancement over past PRAs conducted for the Space Shuttle in the technical approaches utilized and in the direct involvement of the NASA centers and prime contractors. One of the technical advancements is the extended fault modeling techniques used. A significant portion of the data collected by NASA for the Space Shuttle consists of faults, which are not yet failures but have the potential of becoming failures if not corrected. This fault data consists of leaks, cracks, material anomalies, and debonding faults. Detailed, quantitative fault models were developed for the Space Shuttle PRA which involved assessing the severity of the fault, detection effectiveness, recurrence control effectiveness, and mission-initiation potential. Each of these attributes was transformed into a quantitative weight to provide a systematic estimate of the probability of the fault becoming a failure in a mission. Using the methodology developed, mission failure probabilities were estimated from collected fault data. The methodology is an application of counter-factual theory and defect modeling which produces consistent estimates of failure rates from fault rates. Software was developed to analyze all the relevant fault data collected for given types of faults in given systems. The software allowed the PRA to be linked to NASA's fault databases. This will also allow the PRA to be updated as new fault data is collected. This fault modeling and its implementation with FRAS was an important part of the Space Shuttle PRA. C1 NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Vesely, WE (reprint author), NASA Headquarters, Code QE,300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM wvesely@hq.nasa.aov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-8215-3 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2004 BP 382 EP 385 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2004.1285479 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BY64B UT WOS:000189427800066 ER PT S AU Zampino, EJ Cataldo, RL AF Zampino, EJ Cataldo, RL GP IEEE TI The challenge of space nuclear propulsion and power systems reliability SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2004 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-FEB 29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP SAE, IEEE, IIE, SLE, Soc Reliab Engineers, IEST, AIAA, Syst Safety Soc DE autonomous monitoring; hybrid bimodal nuclear propulsion; nuclear-electric propulsion; nuclear-thermal propulsion; system effectiveness AB In October of 2002, The Power and Propulsion Office and The Risk Management Office of NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland Ohio began developing the Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) engineering approach for the Space Nuclear Propulsion and Power Systems Project. The objective of the Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion Project is to provide safe and reliable propulsion and power systems for planetary missions. The safety of the crew, ground personnel, and the public has to be the highest priority of the RAM engineering approach for nuclear powered space systems. The Project will require a top level reliability goal for substantial mission success in the range from 0.95 to 0.98. In addition, the probability of safe operation without loss of crew, vehicle, or danger to the public, cannot be less than 0.9999. (See Note 1) The achievement of these operational goals will require the combined application of many RAM engineering techniques. These include: advanced Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability Analysis, Probabilistic Risk Assessment that includes hardware, software, and human induced faults, Accelerated Life Testing, Parts Stress Analysis, and selective End to End Sub-System Testing. Design strategy must involve the selection of parts and materials specifically to withstand the stresses of prolonged operation in the space and planetary environments with a wide design margin. Interplanetary distances and resulting signal time delay drive the need for autonomous control of major system functions including redundancy management. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Zampino, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, MS 50 4,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Edward.Zampino@grc.nasa.gov; Robert.L.Cataido@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-8215-3 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2004 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2004.1285487 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BY64B UT WOS:000189427800074 ER PT S AU Donohue, SK Dugan, JB Railsback, JW Roelant, H AF Donohue, SK Dugan, JB Railsback, JW Roelant, H GP IEEE TI Determining evaluation criteria for a "seal of approval" process for probabilistic risk assessment analysis tools SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2004 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-FEB 29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP SAE, IEEE, IIE, SLE, Soc Reliab Engineers, IEST, AIAA, Syst Safety Soc DE acceptance process; decision support; expert opinion; and probabilistic risk assessment AB "Bring me a rock." This phrase refers to the practice of making an oftentimes vague request for material or information - in our case, for evidence that a computer-based analytical tool is acceptable for use in a given domain rejecting what's being proffered because it's just not "quite right," and sending out for replacements in similarly vague terms. It's a situation potential members of a proposed NASA working group would like to avoid. The group, if approved, will serve as a clearinghouse for analytical tools used in probabilistic risk assessment. The potential members want to have a well-ordered, documentable approval process using appropriate evidence. They'd like to be able to specify up-front the evidence they expect to receive from vendors and developers to facilitate the approval process. They also want to ensure that all analytical tools brought to them for approval for use receive appropriate levels of inspection and evaluation. They'd also like the process to be auditable and repeatable. None of these expectations permits the existence of a "bring me a rock" situation. This paper outlines initial work performed in the design of an approval process to meet the above expectations, and initial work performed to define appropriate evidence to use in the process. We first discuss the approval process in general to provide the framework for the discussion of the primary focus of the paper, the presentation of work performed to design and populate a proposed decision support tool, the Fitness for Use Worksheet. The worksheet documents an expert assessment of an analysis tool's fitness for use in a selected domain based on the acceptability and importance of presented evidence. We conducted a survey eliciting expert opinion on evidence typically used in similar approval processes as well as evidence that should be used in an effort to define evidence to be used in the proposed approval process. We also elicited expert opinion as to the relative importance of evidence. The gathered information will be used in the initial population of an "evidence database" that will support the worksheet. The wide variety of survey responses as to the importance and use of different evidence reflects, for example, the heterogeneity of the represented communities. We conclude by discussing a potential development plan for the approval process. C1 UVa Dept Syst & Ind Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. UVa Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Adv Programs & Anal Div, Houston, TX 77581 USA. RP Donohue, SK (reprint author), UVa Dept Syst & Ind Engn, 151 Engn Way,POB 400747, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM SusanD@virginia.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-8215-3 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2004 BP 466 EP 473 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2004.1285492 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BY64B UT WOS:000189427800079 ER PT S AU Datta, K Squires, D AF Datta, K Squires, D GP IEEE TI A methodology to quantify some IVHM requirements during RLV conceptual design SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2004 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-FEB 29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP SAE, IEEE, IIE, SLE, Soc Reliab Engineers, IEST, AIAA, Syst Safety Soc DE requirement; allocation; Integrated Vehicle Health Management; loss of mission; loss of vehicle; maintenance AB Based on high level safety and cost requirements, system architects and subsystem engineers are called upon to provide requirements at a lower level during the conceptual design phase of a Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV). This paper describes an event tree based methodology for quantitatively assessing the limits of some of the lower-level Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) requirements during RLV conceptual design. The metrics assessed in the paper are fault detection coverage, false alarm probability, fault isolation capability, probability of IVHM failing to detect a fault, and safety allocation. The fault detection and isolation metrics were assessed based on their applicability with respect to cost and safety in the mission and turnaround phase of the RLV operations. The paper shows that the mission-phase requirement for IVHM fault detection coverage for a subsystem is large (more stringent) when IVHM needs to make the subsystem safer, the failure remediation probability is small, and the subsystem is already reliable. The requirement on IVHM false alarm rate in the mission phase is small (more stringent) when the subsystem is reliable, IVHM needs to make the subsystem safer, and IVHM should cause fewer false aborts. The paper concludes by stressing the use of appropriate system analysis and optimization in allocating IVHM requirements to a subsystem of the RLV. Although the paper is written from an IVHM and RLV perspective, it is targeted towards system engineers/architects who are interested in estimating the effects of fault detection and isolation requirements during conceptual design. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Jacobs Sverdup Ames R&D Grp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Datta, K (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 218-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM kdatta@mail.arc.nasa.gov; dsquires@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-8215-3 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2004 BP 485 EP 491 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2004.1285495 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BY64B UT WOS:000189427800082 ER PT S AU Meshkat, L Cornford, S Feather, M AF Meshkat, L Cornford, S Feather, M GP IEEE TI Requirements based system level risk modeling SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2004 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-FEB 29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP SAE, IEEE, IIE, SLE, Soc Reliab Engineers, IEST, AIAA, Syst Safety Soc DE risk; requirements; relational dependencies; sequential dependencies AB Space exploration missions are often characterized by multiple phases and each phase in turn satisfies some objective or requirement. The success of the mission is measured by the degree to which these requirements are satisfied. Missions either aim to demonstrate a new technology, or to obtain new science data or a combination of both of these. During the mission design process, numerous trade studies are conducted between cost, performance and risk. At a very high level, the goal is to maximize the probability of achieving the most science return (or demonstrating the most technology) at the least possible cost. We consider the problem of maximizing this probability by quantifying the degree of importance of each requirement and it's probability of being satisfied. The probability of a requirement being satisfied, in turn, is assessed by finding the aggregate of the probability of all the possible events that could prevent it from being satisfied. We assume a complete list of the requirements, the relevant risk elements and their probability of occurrence and the quantified effect of the risk elements on the requirements. In order to assess the degree to which each requirement is satisfied, we need to determine the effect of the various risk elements on the requirement. The complexity arises due to the fact that various risk elements that effect a requirement in question are not necessarily independent. Moreover, in order to compute the weighted average of the requirements, it's important to take into consideration their dependencies. Therefore we carefully define the relationships between the elements within each category (intra-category) and the elements between the two different categories of risk and requirements (inter-category). C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 179-224, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Leila.Meshkat@jpl.nasa.gov; Steven.Comford@jpl.nasa.gov; Martin.S.Feather@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-8215-3 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2004 BP 500 EP 506 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2004.1285497 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BY64B UT WOS:000189427800084 ER PT S AU Feather, MS AF Feather, MS GP IEEE TI Towards cost-effective reliability through visualization of the reliability option space SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2004 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-FEB 29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP SAE, IEEE, IIE, SLE, Soc Reliab Engineers, IEST, AIAA, Syst Safety Soc DE cost-benefit tradeoffs; heuristic search; visualization; human-computer interaction; optimization AB In planning a complex system's development there can be many options to improve its reliability. Typically their sum total cost exceeds the budget available, so it is necessary to select judiciously from among them. Reliability models can be employed to calculate the cost and reliability implications of a candidate selection. However, there will typically be many such candidate selections, so we employ heuristic search techniques to explore reliability cost-benefit spaces, and visualization to present the results of these machine-conducted searches back to the expert designers to assist them in their decision making. This helps them understand (1) the overall cost-benefit trade space (how much reliability can be attained for a given level of expenditure, and how much additional reliability can be had for a modest increase in expenditure), and (2) the contribution of individual options (when an individual option (e.g., a test) contributes cost-effectively to the overall reliability). The net result is that expert human designers can make cost and benefit informed decisions on attainment of reliability. This approach is demonstrated on data drawn from planning the developments of advanced technologies for spacecraft. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Martin.S.Feather@Jpl.Nasa.Gov RI Feather, Martin/A-1293-2007 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-8215-3 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2004 BP 546 EP 552 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2004.1285504 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BY64B UT WOS:000189427800091 ER PT S AU Packard, MH Zampino, EJ AF Packard, MH Zampino, EJ GP IEEE TI Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) approach for the Next Generation Launch Technology (NGLT) Program Turbine-Based Combined Cycle (TBCC) Architecture 6 launch vehicle SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2004 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-FEB 29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP SAE, IEEE, IIE, SLE, Soc Reliab Engineers, IEST, AIAA, Syst Safety Soc DE event sequence diagrams; mission map; reliability analysis; probabilistic design methods; probabilistic risk assessment; rocket-based combined cycle; systems architecture; turbine-based combined cycle; system effectiveness AB The NASA Next Generation Launch Technology (NGLT) Program is evaluating various concepts for less expensive and reduced-risk access to space. Critical to these goals are more reliable and easily maintained vehicles, with high fidelity Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) systems, rapid turn-around time and dual-use technology. The initial application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) on the Turbine-Based Combined Cycle (TBCC) Architecture 6 Concept has helped to define key assumptions necessary to make the development of the Architecture 6 concept successful. While the final figures of merit (FOMs) will be based on successfully developing and testing the vehicle, preliminary FOMs can be used now for basic trades between propulsion and staging concepts, thus providing a valuable tool to evaluate the overall trade space between highly divergent concepts. Reliability analysis, Probabilistic Design Methods (PDM), and Probabilistic Risk Assessment can be integrated to evaluate overall systems architecture, a complete mission model, and a fleet logistics model. In addition, the PRA may be used to evaluate and compare a high and low energy crew escape system. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Packard, MH (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 501-4, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Michael.Packard@grc.nasa.gov; Edward.Zampino@grc.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-8215-3 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2004 BP 604 EP 609 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2004.1285513 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BY64B UT WOS:000189427800100 ER PT J AU Mueller, K Golombek, M AF Mueller, K Golombek, M TI Compressional structures on Mars SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE wrinkle ridge; fault-propagation fold; blind thrust ID BLIND THRUST FAULTS; BEDDING-PLANE SLIP; WRINKLE RIDGES; THARSIS REGION; ACCRETIONARY WEDGES; LITHOSPHERIC STRESS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; BASIN TECTONICS; NORTHERN PLAINS AB Wrinkle ridges accommodate very low amounts of shortening strain around immense volcanic constructs and within impact basins on Mars. They originate from stresses distributed uniformly throughout the brittle lithosphere and are consistently located in stratified deposits, including lava flows and sediment. Most recent models interpret wrinkle ridges as the surface manifestation of folding above underlying blind thrusts that accommodate similarly low strain and likely penetrate tens of kilometers into the brittle crust. Alternative models suggest shortening accommodated by some wrinkle ridges is confined to only the upper few kilometers of the crust. The interpretation of the geometry of blind thrusts on Mars appears to be quite varied and remains controversial, although some models suggest they may ultimately flatten into the brittle-ductile transition in the middle to lower crust. Small-scale crenulations superposed on ridges are interpreted as produced by high-level back thrusts nucleating at a weak layer in the upper crust, or by flexural slip faults that facilitate bending of layered materials. Wrinkle ridges are related to their structural cousins, lobate scarps that accommodate shortening in older Noachian cratered highlands as surface fault ruptures. Wrinkle ridges thus form when displacement across upwardly propagating blind thrusts is consumed by folding of layered material near the surface. Conversely, lobate scarps are formed by blind thrusts that are not impeded by folding of overlying layered deposits. Broad, low-amplitude arches associated with ridges on the Tharsis rise also accommodate shortening, but their relationship to adjacent or superposed ridges remains enigmatic. The evenly spaced nature of wrinkle ridges that appears to vary systematically between the ridged plains and northern lowlands may be related to the depth of the brittle-ductile transition, which is respectively located in the middle crust and upper mantle in these regions. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Mueller, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Karl.Mueller@Colorado.edu NR 134 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2004 VL 32 BP 435 EP 464 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.32.101802.120553 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 825JI UT WOS:000221752500016 ER PT J AU Menon, S AF Menon, S TI Current uncertainties inassessing aerosol effects on climate SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES LA English DT Review DE carbonaceous aerosols; aerosol-cloud-climate interactions; climate change; climate predictions ID PARTICULATE BLACK CARBON; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; DROPLET EFFECTIVE RADIUS; SATELLITE-DERIVED CLOUD; OCEAN EXPERIMENT INDOEX; LIQUID WATER PATH; ORGANIC-MATTER; INDIAN-OCEAN; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; SULFATE AEROSOLS AB The effect of anthropogenic emissions from activities, such as fossil-fuel, biomass, and biofuel burning; transportation; and land-clearing; have a profound impact on the climate system. The impact of these activities is manifested in observed changes in temperature, precipitation, sea-level rise, melting of glaciers, air quality, health, and agriculture yields, to name a few. The obvious question to ask is the role that these different processes play in affecting climate and what action could one impose to curtail or constrain adverse human impacts on climate. Greenhouse gases have long been studied, as they play a major role in changing climate. But over the past 10-20 years, aerosols have emerged as the other big contenders in climate change studies. This review focuses on the current understanding of the effects of aerosols on climate, with an emphasis on the thermodynamical and indirect aerosol effects. We also examine available measurements that could be used to decipher the aerosol influence on climate, with an outlook on how the uncertainties in aerosol effects may impact future climate predictions and policy changes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Menon, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smenon@lbl.gov NR 115 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 22 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2004 VL 29 BP 1 EP 30 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.29.063003.132549 PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 879UM UT WOS:000225744400002 ER PT J AU Bushnell, DA AF Bushnell, DA TI Shock wave drag reduction SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Review DE flow control ID AEROTHERMODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE; BODIES; AIRFOILS; DESIGN; SPEEDS; SPIKE; FLOW; NOSE AB Early concepts in shock wave drag reduction enabled modem aeronautical systems, and continuing research progress in this arena is crucial for significant improvements in long haul transports and various military platforms and weapons. The research area is rich in concepts/approaches, but many of these have not progressed into the realm of application. This is due in part to a lack of knowledge on the part of the fluids research community concerning the multidisciplinary "real-world" design space/metrics and a consequent lack of the requisite breadth and depth of research information required to evaluate/apply the concept. The article reviews the extant wave drag reduction approaches that are (a) well understood/applied, (b) under active study/indicate considerable promise, and (c) those in the nascent stage only. C1 NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Bushnell, DA (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM d.m.bushnell@larc.nasa.gov NR 139 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4189 J9 ANNU REV FLUID MECH JI Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. PY 2004 VL 36 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1146/annurev.fluid.36.050802.122110 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 775LT UT WOS:000189042700005 ER PT J AU Camp, JB Cornish, NJ AF Camp, JB Cornish, NJ TI Gravitational wave astronomy SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE gravitational radiation; black holes; general relativity ID INTERFEROMETER-SPACE-ANTENNA; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; COMPACT BINARIES; OBSERVATORY LIGO; BAR INSTABILITY; DETECTOR; LASER; RADIATION; STARS AB The existence of gravitational radiation is a direct prediction of Einstein's theory of general relativity, published in 1916. The observation of gravitational radiation will open a new astronomical window on the universe, allowing the study of dynamic strong-field gravity, as well as many other astrophysical objects and processes impossible to observe with electromagnetic radiation. The relative weakness of the gravitational force makes detection extremely challenging; nevertheless, sustained advances in detection technology have made the observation of gravitational radiation probable in the near future. In this article, we review the theoretical and experimental status of this emerging field. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Jordan.B.Camp@nasa.gov; cornish@physics.montana.edu NR 134 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2004 VL 54 BP 525 EP 577 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.070103.181251 PG 57 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 884ZD UT WOS:000226124300016 ER PT J AU Miteva, VI Sheridan, PP Brenchley, JE AF Miteva, VI Sheridan, PP Brenchley, JE TI Phylogenetic and physiological diversity of microorganisms isolated from a deep Greenland glacier ice core SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVE PLATE ASSAY; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; VIABLE BACTERIA; ANTARCTIC ICE; LIFE; LAKE; PSYCHROPHILES; PROKARYOTES; MICROFLORA; COMMUNITY AB We studied a sample from the GISP 2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project) ice core to determine the diversity and survival of microorganisms trapped in the ice at least 120,000 years ago. Previously, we examined the phylogenetic relationships among 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences in a clone library obtained by PCR amplification from genomic DNA extracted from anaerobic enrichments. Here we report the isolation of nearly 800 aerobic organisms that were grouped by morphology and amplified rDNA restriction analysis patterns to select isolates for further study. The phylogenetic analyses of 56 representative rDNA sequences showed that the isolates belonged to four major phylogenetic groups: the high-G+C gram-positives, low-G+C gram-positives, Proteobacteria, and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group. The most abundant and diverse isolates were within the high-G+C gram-positive cluster that had not been represented in the clone library. The Jukes-Cantor evolutionary distance matrix results suggested that at least 7 isolates represent new species within characterized genera and that 49 are different strains of known species. The isolates were further categorized based on the isolation conditions, temperature range for growth, enzyme activity, antibiotic resistance, presence of plasmids, and strain-specific genomic variations. A significant observation with implications for the development of novel and more effective cultivation methods was that preliminary incubation in anaerobic and aerobic liquid prior to plating on agar media greatly increased the recovery of CFU from the ice core sample. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, S Frear Lab 211, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, University Pk, PA USA. RP Miteva, VI (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, S Frear Lab 211, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM vim1@psu.edu NR 48 TC 162 Z9 195 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 202 EP 213 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.1.202-213.2004 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 763RY UT WOS:000188115300025 PM 14711643 ER PT J AU Dickinson, DN La Duc, MT Haskins, WE Gornushkin, I Winefordner, JD Powell, DH Venkateswaran, K AF Dickinson, DN La Duc, MT Haskins, WE Gornushkin, I Winefordner, JD Powell, DH Venkateswaran, K TI Species differentiation of a diverse suite of Bacillus spores by mass spectrometry-based protein profiling SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; INFRARED-LASER; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; WHOLE CELLS; BACTERIA; DESORPTION; IONIZATION; CEREUS AB In this study, we demonstrate the versatility of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (NIALDI-TOFMS) protein profiling for the species differentiation of a diverse suite of Bacillus spores. MALDI-TOFMS protein profiles of 11 different strains of Bacillus spores, encompassing nine different species, were evaluated. Bacillus species selected for MALDI-TOFMS analysis represented the spore-forming bacterial diversity of typical class 100K clean room spacecraft assembly facilities. A one-step sample treatment and MALDI-TOFMS preparation were used to minimize the sample preparation time. A library of MALDI-TOFMS spectra was created from these nine Bacillus species, the most diverse protein profiling study of the genus reported to date. Linear correlation analysis was used to successfully differentiate the MALDI-TOFMS protein profiles from all strains evaluated in this study. The MALDI-TOFMS protein profiles were compared with 16S rDNA sequences for their bacterial systematics and molecular phylogenetic affiliations. The MALDI-TOFMS profiles were found to be complementary to the 16S rDNA analysis. Proteomic studies of Bacillus subtilis 168 were pursued to identify proteins represented by the biomarker peaks in the MALDI-TOFMS spectrum. Four small, acid-soluble proteins (A, B, C, and D), one DNA binding protein, hypothetical protein ymf J, and four proteins associated with the spore coat and spore coat formation (coat JB, coat F, coat T, and spoIVA) were identified. The ability to visualize higher-molecular-mass coat proteins (10 to 25 kDa) as well as smaller proteins (<10 kDa) with MALDI-TOFMS profiling is critical for the complete and effective species differentiation of the Bacillus genus. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Dickinson, DN (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, POB 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM danielled@chem.ufl.edu RI Gornushkin, Igor/A-4167-2015 NR 45 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.1.475-482.2004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 763RY UT WOS:000188115300059 PM 14711677 ER PT S AU Dasgupta, D KrishnaKumar, K Wong, D Berry, M AF Dasgupta, D KrishnaKumar, K Wong, D Berry, M BE Nicosia, G Cutello, V Bentley, PJ Timmis, J TI Negative selection algorithm for aircraft fault detection SO ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems CY SEP 13-16, 2004 CL Catania, ITALY SP Univ Catania, Fac Sci, Acad Network ARTIST, Univ Catania, Dept Math & Comp Sci ID SYSTEM AB We investigated a real-valued Negative Selection Algorithm (NSA) for fault detection in man-in-the-loop aircraft operation. The detection algorithm uses body-axes angular rate sensory data exhibiting the normal flight behavior patterns, to generate probabilistically a set of fault detectors that can detect any abnormalities (including faults and damages) in the behavior pattern of the aircraft flight. We performed experiments with datasets (collected under normal and various simulated failure conditions) using the NASA Ames man-in-the-loop high-fidelity C-17 flight simulator. The paper provides results of experiments with different datasets representing various failure conditions. C1 Univ Memphis, Div Comp Sci, Memphis, TN USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Comp Sci, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Univ Memphis, Div Comp Sci, Memphis, TN USA. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-23097-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3239 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAX50 UT WOS:000224093300001 ER PT S AU Markwick, AJ Charnley, SB AF Markwick, AJ Charnley, SB BE Ehrenfreund, P Irvine, W Owen, T Becker, L Blank, J Brucato, J Colangeli, L Derenne, S Dutrey, A Despois, D Lazcano, A Robert, F TI Chemistry of protoplanetary disks - Relation to primitive solar system material SO ASTROBIOLOGY: FUTURE PERSPECTIVES SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Astrobiology - Future Perspectives CY APR 01-04, 2003 CL Int Space Sci Inst, Bern, SWITZERLAND HO Int Space Sci Inst DE astrobiology - solar system; formation - stars; circumstellar matter - stars; planetary systems; protoplanetary disks ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INTER-STELLAR CLOUDS; INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC-MATTER; DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; X-RAY IONIZATION; STAR-FORMATION; ACCRETION DISKS; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS AB We consider the chemistry occurring in protoplanetary disks and its possible contribution to the organic inventory of primitive solar system bodies. First. we outline the main physical and chemical processes associated with the formation of solar-type stars and their accretion disks. We then summarise the current observational status of protoplanetary disks and review chemical models of them. Finally, we discuss possible signatures of nebular chemistry in primitive organic material, paying particular attention to those related to isotope fractionation in comets and meteorites. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Markwick, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ajm@ajmarkwick.com; charnley@dusty.arc.nasa.gov RI Charnley, Steven/C-9538-2012 NR 152 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0067-0057 BN 1-4020-2587-4 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2004 VL 305 BP 33 EP 66 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA BBM66 UT WOS:000226230100003 ER PT S AU Roush, TL Cruikshank, DP AF Roush, TL Cruikshank, DP BE Ehrenfreund, P Irvine, W Owen, T Becker, L Blank, J Brucato, J Colangeli, L Derenne, S Dutrey, A Despois, D Lazcano, A Robert, F TI Observations and laboratory data of planetary organics SO ASTROBIOLOGY: FUTURE PERSPECTIVES SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Astrobiology - Future Perspectives CY APR 01-04, 2003 CL Int Space Sci Inst, Bern, SWITZERLAND HO Int Space Sci Inst DE solar system surfaces; composition; organics; ices ID OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; TAGISH LAKE METEORITE; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ICY GALILEAN SATELLITES; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LOW-ALBEDO ASTEROIDS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE PROPERTIES; CHARGED-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; WATER-ICE; SURFACE-COMPOSITION AB Interpretations of telescopic observations show that H(2)O ice is ubiquitous on surfaces throughout many regions of die outer Solar System. Additionally. carbon-bearing molecular material is emerging as a major component in the outer Solar System, where it appears entrained in H(2)O ice on comets and many planetary satellites, and in the more volatile N(2), ice on Triton and Pluto. Complex macromolecular carbon. long known in carbonaceous meteorites. appears to be a notable component of comets, planetary satellites. and small trans-Neptunian bodies. Some of this material may be retained from the solar nebula, but some of it originates in the surface ices (and in a few cases, in the tenuous atmospheres) through energetic processing by uv radiation, cosmic rays . and magnetospheric particles. Laboratory studies of the reflectance properties and chemical reactions associated with C-, H-. and N-bearing precursor gases and ices show that the stable residues created exhibit a ranee of coloration at visual and near-infrared wavelengths. Modeling of the telescopic observations using these residues suggest they are capable of giving rise to the observed variable red color of many surfaces in the outer Solar System. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Roush, TL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 143 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0067-0057 BN 1-4020-2587-4 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2004 VL 305 BP 149 EP 177 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA BBM66 UT WOS:000226230100007 ER PT B AU Rummel, JD AF Rummel, JD BE Ehrenfreund, P Irvine, W Owen, T Becker, L Blank, J Brucato, J Colangeli, L Derenne, S Dutrey, A Despois, D Lazcano, A Robert, F TI Mars, Europa, and beyond - Understanding the potential for life in the solar system SO ASTROBIOLOGY: FUTURE PERSPECTIVES SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Astrobiology - Future Perspectives CY APR 01-04, 2003 CL Int Space Sci Inst, Bern, SWITZERLAND HO Int Space Sci Inst DE Mars; Europa; Titan; astrobiology; exobiology; life ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; SUBSURFACE OCEAN; GALILEAN SATELLITES; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; NEAR-SURFACE; EARLY EARTH; GROUND ICE; WATER; EVOLUTION; ENVIRONMENTS AB The two other solar system bodies thought to be most compatible with "life as we know it" are the planet Mars and Europa. a natural satellite of the planet Jupiter. These worlds appear to harbor the potential for past and/or present-day liquid water, biologically useful energy, sources. and a significant and rich organic chemistry. Such traits are under active investigation both through ongoing, targeted, solar system exploration missions and from the extensive analysis of data from previous missions and astronomical observations. And both bodies are the subject of astrobiologically inspired future missions. The nature of both Mars and Europa fuels speculation about the prospects for life, and the established facts about each of them. added to more recent observations, can explain their astrobiological interest. Nonetheless. such data can only form a circumstantial case for that interest. and further investigations of water (in all of its forms), energy, and organic chemistry are sure to be required before astrobiological investigations can be further targeted -and data from any biological observations can be properly interpreted. Most important will be a dedication to understanding both Mars and Europa for the environments that they possess-and the nature and distribution of those environments in space and time-rather than trying to understand these worlds by simple analogy to the modern Earth. It is clear that both Mars and Europa have characteristics that may be similar to those of Earth when studied over its entire history, but it is equally true that each of them have characteristics that are unlike anything presented by the Earth system at any single time in its past. The same can be said of Saturn's moon. Titan, which presents a compelling, mix of organic chemistry, water ice, and atmosphere-but must represent a significant departure from any historical Earth. This is not necessarily a disadvantage. In fact, through the study of Mars, Europa, and Titan we may come to recognize circumstances on the early Earth that are presently unknown, or at least unappreciated. Such is the promise of astrobiology, -not simply a "search for life," but a change in perspective that can shed light on established disciplines, while it allows for the pursuit of answers to some of sciences most compelling questions. C1 NASA, Off Space Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Rummel, JD (reprint author), NASA, Off Space Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2304-9 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2004 VL 305 BP 415 EP 443 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA BBM66 UT WOS:000226230100017 ER PT S AU Koon, WS Marsden, JE Ross, SD Lo, M Scheeres, DJ AF Koon, WS Marsden, JE Ross, SD Lo, M Scheeres, DJ BE Belbruno, E Folta, D Gurfil, P TI Geometric mechanics and the dynamics of asteroid pairs SO ASTRODYNAMICS, SPACE MISSIONS, AND CHAOS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications CY JAN 20-22, 2003 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP NASA Headquarters, Princeton Univ, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Analyt Graph Inc, Space Studies Inst, Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Aviat Week & Space Technol Magazine, Innovat Orbital Design Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Hale & Dorr LLP, Natl Space Soc, NY Chapter HO Univ Maryland DE geometric mechanics; dynamics; asteroid pairs; full-body problem ID LONG-TERM EVOLUTION; VARIATIONAL INTEGRATORS; RELATIVE EQUILIBRIA; BINARY ASTEROIDS; GRAVITATIONAL INTERACTIONS; CATASTROPHIC COLLISIONS; COHERENT STRUCTURES; 2-DIMENSIONAL MAPS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; SYMPLECTIC MAPS AB The purpose of this paper is to describe the general setting for the application of techniques from geometric mechanics and dynamical systems to the problem of asteroid pairs. The paper also gives some preliminary results on transport calculations and the associated problem of calculating binary asteroid escape rates. The dynamics of an asteroid pair, consisting of two irregularly shaped asteroids interacting through their gravitational potential is an example of a full-body problem or FBP in which two or more extended bodies interact. One of the interesting features of the binary asteroid problem is that there is coupling between their translational and rotational degrees of freedom. General FBPs have a wide range of other interesting aspects as well, including the 6-DOF guidance, control, and dynamics of vehicles, the dynamics of interacting or ionizing molecules, the evolution of small body, planetary, or stellar systems, and almost any other problem in which distributed bodies interact with each other or with an external field. This paper focuses on the specific case of asteroid pairs using techniques that are generally applicable to many other FBPs. This particular full two-body problem (F2BP) concerns the dynamical evolution of two rigid bodies mutually interacting via a gravitational field. Motivation comes from planetary science, where these interactions play a key role in the evolution of asteroid rotation states and binary asteroid systems. The techniques that are applied to this problem fall into two main categories. The first is the use of geometric mechanics to obtain a description of the reduced phase space, which opens the door to a number of powerful techniques, such as the energy-momentum method for determining the stability of equilibria and the use of variational integrators for greater accuracy in simulation. Second, techniques from computational dynamic systems are used to determine phase space structures that are important for transport phenomena and dynamic evolution. C1 CALTECH, Control & Dynam Syst 107 81, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ross, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Control & Dynam Syst 107 81, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM shane@cds.caltech.edu RI Ross, Shane/B-7237-2009; Gurfil, Pini/J-2310-2012 OI Ross, Shane/0000-0001-5523-2376; NR 111 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-512-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1017 BP 11 EP 38 DI 10.1196/annals.1311.002 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAN58 UT WOS:000222978400002 PM 15220138 ER PT S AU Ipatov, SI Mather, JC AF Ipatov, SI Mather, JC BE Belbruno, E Folta, D Gurfil, P TI Migration of Jupiter-family comets and resonant asteroids to near-earth space SO ASTRODYNAMICS, SPACE MISSIONS, AND CHAOS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications CY JAN 20-22, 2003 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP NASA Headquarters, Princeton Univ, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Analyt Graph Inc, Space Studies Inst, Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Aviat Week & Space Technol Magazine, Innovat Orbital Design Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Hale & Dorr LLP, Natl Space Soc, NY Chapter HO Univ Maryland DE migration; Jupiter-family comets; resonant asteroids; near-Earth space ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; ORBITS; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS; DELIVERY; ORIGINS; OCEANS AB The orbital evolution of about 26,000 Jupiter-crossing objects and 1,500 resonant asteroids under the gravitational influence of planets was investigated. The rate of their collisions with terrestrial planets was estimated by computing the probabilities of collisions based on random-phase approximations and the orbital elements sampled with a 500 yr step. The Bulirsh-Stoer and a symplectic orbit integrator gave similar results for orbital evolution, but sometimes give different collision probabilities with the Sun. For orbits close to that of Comet 2P, the mean collision probabilities of Jupiter-crossing objects with terrestrial planets were greater by two orders of magnitude than for some other comets. For initial orbital elements close to those of Comets 2P, 10P, 44P, and 113P, a few objects (about 0.1%) entered Earth-crossing orbits with semimajor axes a < 2AU and aphelion distances Q < 4.2AU, and moved in such orbits for more than 1 Myr (up to tens or even hundreds of Myr). Some of them even got inner-Earth orbits (Q < 0.983AU) and Aten orbits. A few comets achieve typical asteroidal orbits for hundreds of Myr. Most former trans-Neptunian objects that have typical near-Earth object orbits moved in such orbits for millions of years; thus, during most of this time they were extinct comet, if they did not disintegrate. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Math, Moscow V71, Russia. RP Ipatov, SI (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 685, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM siipatov@hotmail.com RI Gurfil, Pini/J-2310-2012; Ipatov, Sergei/O-2302-2014 OI Ipatov, Sergei/0000-0002-1413-9180 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-512-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1017 BP 46 EP 65 DI 10.1196/annals.1311.004 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAN58 UT WOS:000222978400004 PM 15220140 ER PT S AU Ipatov, SI Mather, JC Taylor, PA AF Ipatov, SI Mather, JC Taylor, PA BE Belbruno, E Folta, D Gurfil, P TI Migration of interplanetary dust SO ASTRODYNAMICS, SPACE MISSIONS, AND CHAOS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications CY JAN 20-22, 2003 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP NASA Headquarters, Princeton Univ, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Analyt Graph Inc, Space Studies Inst, Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Aviat Week & Space Technol Magazine, Innovat Orbital Design Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Hale & Dorr LLP, Natl Space Soc, NY Chapter HO Univ Maryland DE migration; interplanetary dust; collisions ID SOLAR-SYSTEM; KUIPER-BELT; ZODIACAL EMISSION; PARTICLES; CLOUD; BANDS; EARTH; COBE AB We numerically investigate the migration of dust particles with initial orbits close to those of the numbered asteroids, observed trans-Neptunian objects, and comet Encke. The fraction of silicate asteroidal particles that collided with the Earth during their lifetime varied from 11% for 100 micron particles to 0.008% for 1 micron particles. Almost all asteroidal particles with diameter d greater than or equal to 4 microns collided with the Sun. For migrating asteroidal dust particles, the peaks in semimajor axis distribution at the n:(n+1) resonances with Earth and Venus, and the gaps associated with the 1:1 resonances with these planets are more pronounced for larger particles. The probability of collisions of cometary particles with the Earth is smaller than for asteroidal particles, and this difference is greater for larger particles. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Math, Moscow V71, Russia. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ipatov, SI (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 685, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM siipatov@hotmail.com RI Gurfil, Pini/J-2310-2012; Ipatov, Sergei/O-2302-2014 OI Ipatov, Sergei/0000-0002-1413-9180 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-512-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1017 BP 66 EP 80 DI 10.1196/annals.1311.005 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAN58 UT WOS:000222978400005 PM 15220141 ER PT S AU Folta, D AF Folta, D BE Belbruno, E Folta, D Gurfil, P TI Formation flying design and applications in weak stability boundary regions SO ASTRODYNAMICS, SPACE MISSIONS, AND CHAOS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications CY JAN 20-22, 2003 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP NASA Headquarters, Princeton Univ, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Analyt Graph Inc, Space Studies Inst, Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Aviat Week & Space Technol Magazine, Innovat Orbital Design Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Hale & Dorr LLP, Natl Space Soc, NY Chapter HO Univ Maryland DE formation flying; applications; weak stability boundary regions; dynamical systems ID MISSION AB Weak stability regions serve as superior locations for interferomertric scientific investigations. These regions are often selected to minimize environmental disturbances and maximize observation efficiency. Designs of formations in these regions are becoming ever more challenging as more complex missions are envisioned. The development of algorithms to enable the capability for formation design must be further enabled to incorporate better understanding of weak stability boundary solution space. This development will improve the efficiency and expand the capabilities of current approaches. The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is currently supporting multiple formation missions in weak stability boundary regions. This end-to-end support consists of mission operations, trajectory design, and control. It also includes both algorithm and software development. The Constellation-X, Maxim, and Stellar Imager missions are examples of the use of improved numeric methods to attain constrained formation geometries and control their dynamical evolution. This paper presents a survey of formation missions in the weak stability boundary regions and a brief description of formation design using numerical and dynamical techniques. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mission Engn 7 Syst Anal Div, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Folta, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mission Engn 7 Syst Anal Div, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM David.C.Folta@nasa.gov; David.C.Folta@nasa.gov RI Gurfil, Pini/J-2310-2012 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-512-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1017 BP 95 EP 111 DI 10.1196/annals.1311.007 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAN58 UT WOS:000222978400007 PM 15220143 ER PT B AU Alexov, A Good, J AF Alexov, A Good, J BE Ochsenbein, F Allen, MG Egret, D TI ATLAS - A general search service for complex data collections SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XIII SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Conference for Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS XIII) CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Observ Astronom Strasbourg, Strasbourg, FRANCE HO Observ Astronom Strasbourg AB Many astronomical datasets consist of diverse and complex data collections (images, catalogs and spectra) of arbitrary size that cover any region on the sky. The purpose of Atlas is to provide uniform access to such collections, using a common interface. We define a set of files to be generated for each collection (image metadata, a list of source tables, etc.) and some standards for how data should be organized and referenced and how collection 'Home Pages' should be structured. Atlas is a single CGI-program that can be used to search, subset and present any collection's data to the user via the web. This method of organizing and presenting the data makes it easy to update the data without major modifications or upgrades to the system or software. Atlas also has a 'mode' to serve image data using the National Virtual Observatory (NVO) Simple Image Access Protocol (SIAP). We will also show how NVO protocols and standards should be extended to support a variety of complex data collections. C1 CALTECH, NASA, IPAC Infrared Sci Arch, IPAC 100 22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Alexov, A (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, IPAC Infrared Sci Arch, IPAC 100 22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-169-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 314 BP 205 EP 208 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BAR95 UT WOS:000223330800048 ER PT B AU McGlynn, T Lee, J Hanisch, R Greene, G O'Mullane, W AF McGlynn, T Lee, J Hanisch, R Greene, G O'Mullane, W BE Ochsenbein, F Allen, MG Egret, D TI A Data Inventory Service for the Virtual Observatory SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XIII SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Conference for Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS XIII) CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Observ Astronom Strasbourg, Strasbourg, FRANCE HO Observ Astronom Strasbourg AB We describe a Data Inventory Service (DIS) that uses Virtual Observatory protocols to discover, organize and present astronomers with a rapid precis of what is known about a given region of the sky. The DIS queries a dynamic registry of VO resources to discover potential sources of information, queries them on behalf of the user and then saves and organizes the results for display. In addition to providing a quick mechanism for getting information about a region, the DIS also provides a mechanism through which these data can be sent directly into analysis tools or downloaded to the users machine. When a data provider registers a new data resource in a data registry, the DIS will find it automatically for any subsequent requests. Since the DIS caches results from services, users can quickly browse catalog and image results. Cached results are maintained for several days, so when a region of the sky is of particular interest, e.g., immediately after a gamma-ray burst, the cache results may be available immediately to all, not just the first user to query for them. The DIS is built on top of early protocols developed as part of the US National Virtual Observatory effort, the Cone search and Simple Image Access protocols, and uses the VOTabe format extensively. As additional and more sophisticated protocols become available, the DIS will become a more powerful interface to distributed archives and catalogs. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McGlynn, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-169-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 314 BP 319 EP 322 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BAR95 UT WOS:000223330800075 ER PT B AU Thomas, B Shaya, E AF Thomas, B Shaya, E BE Ochsenbein, F Allen, MG Egret, D TI Proposal for a quantity-based data model in the Virtual Observatory SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XIII SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Conference for Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS XIII) CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Observ Astronom Strasbourg, Strasbourg, FRANCE HO Observ Astronom Strasbourg AB We propose the beginnings of a data model for the Virtual Observatory (VO) built up from simple "quantity" objects. In this paper we present how an object-oriented, domain (or namespace)-scoped simple quantity may be used to describe astronomical data. Our model is designed around the requirements that it be searchable and serve as a transport mechanism for all types of VO data and meta-data. In this paper we describe this model in terms of an OWL ontology and UML diagrams. An XML schema is available online. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Thomas, B (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 630-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-169-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 314 BP 323 EP 326 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BAR95 UT WOS:000223330800076 ER PT B AU Pan, XP AF Pan, XP BE Ochsenbein, F Allen, MG Egret, D TI Phasor algorithms of the SIM fringe estimation SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XIII SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Conference for Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS XIII) CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Observ Astronom Strasbourg, Strasbourg, FRANCE HO Observ Astronom Strasbourg ID INTERFEROMETER AB The Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) will provide unprecedented micro-arcsecond (muas) precision to search for extra-solar planets and possible life in the universe. SIM will also revolutionize our understanding of the dynamics and evolutions of the local universe through hundred-fold improvements of inertial astrometry measurements. SIM has two so-called guide interferometers to provide stable inertial orientation knowledge of the baseline, and a science interferometer to measure target fringes. The guide and science measurements are based on the fringe phase measurements using a CCD detector. One of SIM's key issues is to develop a new algorithm for calculation of fringe parameters. Not only astrometric results need that new algorithm, but also real-time fringe tracking requires a new method to calculate phase and visibility fast and accurately. The formulas for the phasor algorithms for fringe estimation are presented. The signal-noise ratio performances of the fringe quadratures are demonstrated. The advantages of phasor algorithms for application of fast fringe tracking and on-board data compression are discussed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pan, XP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-169-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 314 BP 792 EP 795 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BAR95 UT WOS:000223330800182 ER PT J AU Lowry, JD Chu, YH Guerrero, MA Gruendl, RA Snowden, SL Smith, RC AF Lowry, JD Chu, YH Guerrero, MA Gruendl, RA Snowden, SL Smith, RC TI An intriguing X-ray arc surrounding the X-ray source RX J053335-6854.9 toward the large magellanic cloud SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : ISM; magellanic clouds; supernova remnants; X-rays ID SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; VIEW AB ROSAT observations of the Large Magellanic Cloud have revealed a large diffuse X-ray arc around the point source RX J053335-6854.9. The relative locations of the diffuse and point sources suggest that they might originate from a common supernova explosion. We have analyzed the physical properties of the diffuse X-ray emission and determined that it is most likely a supernova remnant in a low-density medium in the LMC. We have also analyzed the X-ray and optical observations of RX J053335-6854.9 and concluded that it is a foreground dMe star in the solar neighborhood. Therefore, despite their positional coincidence, these two X-ray sources are physically unrelated. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Lowry, JD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jdlowry@astro.uiuc.edu; chu@astro.uiuc.edu; mar@astro.uiuc.edu; gruendl@astro.uiuc.edu; snowden@riva.gsfc.nasa.gov; csmith@noao.edu OI Guerrero, Martin/0000-0002-7759-106X NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 1 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1086/379963 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 770RU UT WOS:000188745300012 ER PT J AU Capak, P Cowie, LL Hu, EM Barger, AJ Dickinson, M Fernandez, E Giavalisco, M Komiyama, Y Kretchmer, C McNally, C Miyazaki, S Okamura, S Stern, D AF Capak, P Cowie, LL Hu, EM Barger, AJ Dickinson, M Fernandez, E Giavalisco, M Komiyama, Y Kretchmer, C McNally, C Miyazaki, S Okamura, S Stern, D TI A deep wide-field, optical, and near-infrared catalog of a large area around the Hubble Deep Field North SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : evolution ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; NUMBER COUNTS; K-BAND; KECK TELESCOPE; X-RAY; COLORS; ULTRAVIOLET; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE AB We have conducted a deep multicolor imaging survey of 0.2 deg(2) centered on the Hubble Deep Field North (HDF-N). We shall refer to this region as the Hawaii HDF-N. Deep data were collected in U, B, V, R, I, and z' bands over the central 0.2 deg(2) and in HK' over a smaller region covering the Chandra Deep Field North. The data were reduced to have accurate relative photometry and astrometry across the entire field to facilitate photometric redshifts and spectroscopic follow-up. We have compiled a catalog of 48,858 objects in the central 0.2 deg(2) detected at 5 sigma significance in a 3" aperture in either R or z' band. Number counts and color-magnitude diagrams are presented and shown to be consistent with previous observations. Using color selection we have measured the density of objects at 35.5 using the Lyman break technique suffer from more contamination by low-redshift objects than suggested by previous studies. C1 Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Phys & Astron, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Capak, P (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 44 TC 234 Z9 236 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 1 BP 180 EP 198 DI 10.1086/380611 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 770RU UT WOS:000188745300015 ER PT J AU Rosati, P Tozzi, P Ettori, S Mainieri, V Demarco, R Stanford, SA Lidman, C Nonino, M Borgani, S Della Ceca, R Eisenhardt, P Holden, BP Norman, C AF Rosati, P Tozzi, P Ettori, S Mainieri, V Demarco, R Stanford, SA Lidman, C Nonino, M Borgani, S Della Ceca, R Eisenhardt, P Holden, BP Norman, C TI Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of RDCS 1252.9-2927, a massive cluster at z=1.24 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general galaxies : clusters : individual (RDCS 1252.9-2927); X-rays ID GALAXY CLUSTER; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; HIGH-REDSHIFT; X-RAYS; EVOLUTION; SHOCKS; SOLAR AB We present deep Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the galaxy cluster RDCS 1252.9-2927, which was selected from the ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey (RDCS) and confirmed by extensive spectroscopy with the Very Large Telescope at redshift z=1.237. With the Chandra data, the X-ray emission from the intracluster medium is well resolved and traced out to 500 kpc, thus allowing a measurement of the physical properties of the gas with unprecedented accuracy at this redshift. We detect a clear 6.7 keV iron K line in the Chandra spectrum providing a redshift within 1% of the spectroscopic one. By augmenting our spectroscopic analysis with the XMM-Newton data (MOS detectors only), we significantly narrow down the 1 sigma error bar to 10% for the temperature and 30% for the metallicity, with best-fit values kT=6.0(-0.5)(+0.7) keV, Z=0.36(-0.10)(+0.12) Z(circle dot). On the likely hypothesis of hydrostatic equilibrium, we measure a total mass of M-500=(1.9+/-0.3)10(14) h(70)(-1) M-circle dot within R(Delta=500)similar or equal to536 kpc. Overall, these observations imply that RDCS 1252.9-2927 is the most X-ray luminous and likely the most massive bona fide cluster discovered to date at z>1. When combined with current samples of distant clusters, these data lend further support to a mild evolution of the cluster scaling relations, as well the metallicity of the intracluster gas. Inspection of the cluster mass function in the current cosmological concordance model (h, Omega(m), Omega(Lambda))=(0.7, 0.3, 0.7) and sigma(8)=0.7-0.8 shows that RDCS 1252.9-2927 is an M* cluster at z=1.24, in keeping with number density expectations in the RDCS survey volume. C1 European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Studi Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Astron, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-20121 Milan, Italy. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Rosati, P (reprint author), European So Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Ettori, Stefano/N-5004-2015; OI Ettori, Stefano/0000-0003-4117-8617; Borgani, Stefano/0000-0001-6151-6439 NR 39 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 1 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.1086/379857 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 770RU UT WOS:000188745300018 ER PT S AU Gawronski, W Souccar, K AF Gawronski, W Souccar, K BE Antebi, J Lemke, D TI Control systems of the large millimeter telescope SO ASTRONOMICAL STRUCTURES AND MECHANISMS TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astronomical Structures and Mechanisms Technology CY JUN 21-22, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE telescope; control system; tracking AB The paper presents the analysis results (in terms of settling time, bandwidth, and servo error in wind disturbances) of four control systems designed for the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT). The first system, called PP, consists of the proportional and integral (PI) controllers in the rate and position loops, and is widely used in the antenna and radiotelesope industry. The analysis shows that the PP control system performance is remarkably good when compared to similar control systems applied to typical antennas. This performance is achieved because the LMT structure is exceptionally rigid, however, it does not meet the stringent LMT pointing requirements. The second system, called PL, consists of the PI controller in the rate loop, and the Linear-Quadratic-Gaus sian (LQG) controller in the position loop. This type of controller is implemented in the NASA Deep Space Network antennas, where pointing accuracy is twice that of PP control system. The third system, called LP, consists of the LQG controller in the rate loop, and the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller in the position loop. This type of loop has not been yet implemented at known antennas or radiotelescopes, but the analysis shows that its pointing accuracy is the ten times better than PP control system. The fourth system, called LL, consists of the LQG controller in both the rate loop, and the position loop. It is the best of the four, with accuracy 250 better than the PP system, thus is worth further investigations, to identify implementation challenges for the telescopes of high pointing requirements. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gawronski, W (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5427-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5495 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.552954 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBB40 UT WOS:000224538300012 ER PT S AU MacNeal, PD Adams, DS Henry, CA Blackhall, HG Cardone, JM AF MacNeal, PD Adams, DS Henry, CA Blackhall, HG Cardone, JM BE Antebi, J Lemke, D TI Structural configuration for the terrestrial planet finder structurally connected interferometer concept SO ASTRONOMICAL STRUCTURES AND MECHANISMS TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astronomical Structures and Mechanisms Technology CY JUN 21-22, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE structure; dynamics; TPF; design; interferometer; structurally connected AB This paper describes the basic structural design of the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) Structurally Connected Interferometer concept developed within the Jet Propulsion Laboratory design team. Descriptions of the key structural components, optical elements, and basic load paths are included. Key structural requirements related to launch loads and on-orbit stability and alignment are identified. The analysis results for the baseline design are shown for both launch configuration and the deployed, on-orbit configuration. The finite element models are described with preliminary results shown. Excitation of the structure and the optical train caused by assumed external disturbances are shown for a preliminary analysis. Future work is identified. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP MacNeal, PD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5427-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5495 BP 383 EP 393 DI 10.1117/12.552990 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBB40 UT WOS:000224538300038 ER PT J AU Sharp, RG Parry, IR Ryder, SD Knapen, JH Mazzuca, LM AF Sharp, RG Parry, IR Ryder, SD Knapen, JH Mazzuca, LM TI Age-dating a star-burst with GEMINI/CIRPASS observations of the core of M83 SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Euro3D Science Conference CY MAY 22-23, 2003 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND DE galaxies : starburst; galaxies : stellar content; instrumentation : spectrographs ID OH AIRGLOW; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION AB We present Preliminary results from a set of near-IR integral field spectroscopic observations of the central, star-burst, regions of the barred spiral galaxy M83, obtained with CIR-PASS on Gemini-S. We present maps in the Pabeta and [FeII] 1.257 mum emission lines which appear surprisingly different. We outline the procedure in which we will use Pabetaemission line strengths and measures of CO absorption to determine the relative and absolute ages of individual star-forming knots in the central kpc region of M83. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Univ Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sharp, RG (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM rgs@ast.cam.ac.uk OI Ryder, Stuart/0000-0003-4501-8100 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2004 VL 325 IS 2 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1002/asna.200310186 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 779CJ UT WOS:000189277800008 ER PT J AU Peters, GJ Polidan, RS AF Peters, GJ Polidan, RS TI Eclipse mapping of the hot circumstellar plasma in Algol binaries SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union DE stars : binaries : eclipsing; stars : individual (V356 Sgr; TT Hya, RY Per); ultraviolet emission ID MATTER AB Phase-resolved FUV observations of three Algol-type interacting binaries (V356 Sgr, TT Hya, and RY Per) have been made during totality with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer to map the location of the hot circumstellar plasma that produces emission lines of O VI, Si III, IV, S IV, C III, and N II. Since O VI shows very little variation in profile,, strength, and velocity as the disk of the secondary occults the line formation region, we conclude that the emission originates in material that has a substantial flow perpendicular to the orbital plane (perhaps a bipolar jet). The behavior of the emission lines from the moderate-ionization species suggests that the plasma producing these emission features has a large equatorial component. C1 Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Peters, GJ (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Univ Pk, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM gjpeters@mucen.usc.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2004 VL 325 IS 3 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1002/asna.200310224 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 807JE UT WOS:000220497000015 ER PT J AU Peterson, BM Polidan, RS Horne, K AF Peterson, BM Polidan, RS Horne, K TI Kronos: a satellite for astrotomography SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. RP Peterson, BM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM peterson@astronomy.ohio-state.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2004 VL 325 IS 3 BP 257 EP 257 DI 10.1002/asna.200310208 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 807JE UT WOS:000220497000026 ER PT J AU Turyshev, SG Shao, M Nordtvedt, K AF Turyshev, SG Shao, M Nordtvedt, K TI New concept for testing General Relativity: the Laser Astrometric Test of Relativity (LATOR) mission SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE astrometry; Sun; general relativity; instrumentation : interferometers; techniques : interferometric ID POST-NEWTONIAN FORMALISM; SOLAR GRAVITATIONAL DEFLECTION; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; MASSIVE BODIES; 2ND-ORDER CONTRIBUTIONS; GRAVITY; LIGHT; VERIFICATION; SUPERNOVAE; UNIVERSE AB This paper discusses a Fundamental physics experiment that will test relativistic gravity at the accuracy better than the effects of the second order in the gravitational field strength, alpha G(2). The Laser Astrometric Test Of Relativity (LATOR) mission uses laser interferometry between two micro-spacecraft whose lines of sight pass close by the Sun to accurately measure deflection of light in the solar gravity. The key element of the experimental design is a redundant geometry optical truss provided by a long-baseline (100 in) multi-channel stellar optical interferometer placed on the International Space Station (ISS). The spatial interferometer is used for measuring the angles between the two spacecraft and for orbit determination purposes. In Euclidean geometry, determination of a triangle's three sides determines any angle therein; with gravity changing the optical lengths of sides passing close by the Sun and deflecting the light, the Euclidean relationships are overthrown. The geometric redundancy enables LATOR to measure the departure from Euclidean geometry caused by the solar gravity field to a very high accuracy. LATOR will not only improve the value of the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) gamma to unprecedented levels of accuracy of I part in 108, it will also reach ability to measure effects of the next post-Newtonian order (c 4) of light deflection resulting from gravity's intrinsic non-linearity. The solar quadrupole moment parameter, J(2), will be measured with high precision, as well as a variety of other relativistic effects including Lense-Thirring precession. LATOR will lead to very robust advances in the tests of Fundamental physics: this mission could discover a violation or extension of general relativity, or reveal the presence of an additional long range interaction in the physical law. There are no analogs to the LATOR experiment; it is unique and is a natural culmination of solar system gravity experiments. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Northwest Anal, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Turyshev, SG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM turyshev@jpl.nasa.gov NR 67 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2004 VL 325 IS 4 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1002/asna.200310205 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822NQ UT WOS:000221547300001 ER PT J AU Popescu, CC Tuffs, RJ Kylafis, ND Madore, BF AF Popescu, CC Tuffs, RJ Kylafis, ND Madore, BF TI Far infrared mapping of NGC 891 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : NGC 891; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : structure; ISM : dust; infrared : continuum; radiative transfer ID GALAXY NGC 891; DIFFUSE IONIZED-GAS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; VIRGO CLUSTER GALAXIES; SPACE-OBSERVATORY ATLAS; BRIGHT SPIRAL GALAXIES; COLD DUST; MOLECULAR GAS; H-ALPHA; MU-M AB We present deep maps of dust emission from the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891, obtained with the ISOPHOT instrument on board the Infrared Space Observatory in broad band filters with reference wavelengths centered on 170 and 200 mum. Using new processing methods to remove the effects of detector transients from the data, we detect cold dust at high dynamic range. The observed surface brightness distribution and colour profile of the far-infrared (FIR) emission are found to be in good agreement with predictions for their counterparts derived from the model of Popescu et al. (2000a). Thus, NGC 891 is the first galaxy for which an intrinsic distribution of dust and stars could be found which simultaneously accounts for both the optical/near-IR and FIR morphologies. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Romanian Acad, Astron Inst, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. NASA IPAC Extragalact Database, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Popescu, CC (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM Cristina.Popescu@mpi-hd.mpg.de; Richard.Tuffs@mpi-hd.mpg.de RI Kylafis, Nikolaos/C-4555-2011 OI Kylafis, Nikolaos/0000-0003-0928-0996 NR 60 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 414 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031581 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762XP UT WOS:000188009900008 ER PT J AU Cotton, WD Mennesson, B Diamond, PJ Perrin, G du Foresto, VC Chagnon, G van Langevelde, HJ Ridgway, S Waters, R Vlemmings, W Morel, S Traub, W Carleton, N Lacasse, M AF Cotton, WD Mennesson, B Diamond, PJ Perrin, G du Foresto, VC Chagnon, G van Langevelde, HJ Ridgway, S Waters, R Vlemmings, W Morel, S Traub, W Carleton, N Lacasse, M TI VLBA observations of SiO masers towards Mira variable stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : variables; radio lines : stars, Masers ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETER; R-CASSIOPEIAE; CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; 86 GHZ; IOTA INTERFEROMETER; RADIATION; EMISSION; AQUARII; LEONIS; SIZE AB We present new total intensity and linear polarization VLBA observations of the nu=2 and nu=1 J=1-0 maser transitions of SiO at 42.8 and 43.1 GHz in a number of Mira variable stars over a substantial fraction of their pulsation periods. These observations were part of an observing program that also includes interferometric measurements at 2.2 and 3.6 micron (Mennesson et al. 2002); comparison of the results from different wavelengths allows studying the envelope independently of the poorly known distances to these stars. Nine stars were observed at from one to four epochs during 2001. The SiO emission is largely confined to rings which are smaller than the inner radius of the dust shells reported by Danchi et al. (1994). Two stars (U Orionis, R Aquarii) have maser rings with diameters corresponding to the size of the hot molecular layer as measured at 3.6 micron; in the other cases, the SiO rings are substantially larger. Variations of ring diameter for most, but not all stars, had an rms amplitude in agreement with the models of Humphreys et al. (2002) although the expected relationship between the diameter and pulsation phase was not seen. The ring diameter in U Orionis shows remarkably small variation. A correlation between the 2.2/3.6 mum diameter ratio with that of the SiO/3.6 mum diameter ratio is likely due to differences in the opacities at 2.2 and 3.6 mum in a molecular layer. A further correlation with the inner size of the dust shell reported by Danchi et al. (1994) suggest some differences in the temperature structure. Clear evidence is seen in R Aquarii for an equatorial disk similar to that reported by Hollis et al. (2001); rotation is possibly also detected in S Coronae Boralis. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Interferometry Syst & Technol Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Observ Paris, DESPA, Sect Meudon, F-92190 Meudon, France. VLBI Europe, Joint Inst, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cotton, WD (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM bcotton@nrao.edu OI van Langevelde, Huib Jan/0000-0002-0230-5946; /0000-0002-2700-9916 NR 41 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 414 IS 1 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031597 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762XP UT WOS:000188009900027 ER PT J AU Mendoza, C Kallman, TR Bautista, MA Palmeri, P AF Mendoza, C Kallman, TR Bautista, MA Palmeri, P TI Decay properties of K-vacancy states in Fe x-Fe XVII SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes ID R-MATRIX METHOD; GENERAL PROGRAM; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; ATOMIC STRUCTURES; RAY-SPECTRUM; IRON; IONIZATION; IONS AB We report extensive calculations of the decay properties of fine structure K-vacancy levels in Fe X-FeXVII. A large set of level energies, wavelengths, radiative and Auger rates, and fluorescence yields has been computed using three different standard atomic codes, namely Cowan's HFR, AUTOSTRUCTURE and the Breit-Pauli R-matrix package. This multicode approach is used to study the effects of core relaxation, configuration interaction and the Breit interaction, and enables the estimate of statistical accuracy ratings. The Kalpha and KLL Auger widths have been found to be nearly independent of both the outer-electron configuration and electron occupancy keeping a constant ratio of 1.53+/-0.06. By comparing with previous theoretical and measured wavelengths, the accuracy of the present set is determined to be within 2 mAngstrom. Also, the good agreement found between the different radiative and Auger data sets that have been computed allows us to propose with confidence an accuracy rating of 20% for the line fluorescence yields greater than 0.01. Emission and absorption spectral features are predicted finding good correlation with measurements in both laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Fis, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. RP Kallman, TR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM timothy.r.kallman@nasa.gov NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 414 IS 1 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031621 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762XP UT WOS:000188009900035 ER PT J AU Gliozzi, M Sambruna, RM Brandt, WN Mushotzky, R Eracleous, M AF Gliozzi, M Sambruna, RM Brandt, WN Mushotzky, R Eracleous, M TI The XMM-Newton view of NGC 6251 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : nuclei; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LINE RADIO GALAXIES; X-RAY; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ASCA OBSERVATIONS; BLACK-HOLES; EMISSION; JET; POPULATION; ACCRETION AB We report on the nuclear X-ray properties of the radio galaxy NGC 6251 observed with XMM-Newton. NGC 6251 is a well-known radio galaxy with intermediate FRI/II radio properties. It is optically classified as a Seyfert 2 and hosts a supermassive black hole with mass similar to6 x 10(8) M-circle dot. The 0.4-10 keV EPIC pn continuum is best fitted by two thermal components (kT similar to 0.5 and 1.4 keV, respectively), plus a power law with photon index Gamma similar to 1.9 absorbed by a column density N-H similar to 5 x 10(20) cm(-2). We confirm the previous ASCA detection of a strong iron line. The line, resolved in the EPIC pn spectrum, is adequately fitted with a broad (sigma similar to 0.6 keV) Gaussian at rest-frame energy 6.4 keV with EW similar to 220 eV. We also detect, for the first time, short-term, low-amplitude variability of the nuclear flux on a timescale of a few ks. The spectral properties argue in favor of the presence of a standard accretion disk, ruling out the base of the jet as the sole origin of the X-rays. The moderate X-ray luminosity and lack of strong intrinsic absorption suggest that NGC 6251 is a "pure" type 2 AGN which lacks a broad-line region. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gliozzi, M (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 4400 Univ Dr,MS 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015 OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453 NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 413 IS 1 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20034053 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 754WT UT WOS:000187356300016 ER PT J AU Stasinska, G Grafener, G Pena, M Hamann, WR Koesterke, L Szczerba, R AF Stasinska, G Grafener, G Pena, M Hamann, WR Koesterke, L Szczerba, R TI Comprehensive modelling of the planetary nebula LMC-SMP61 and its [WC]-type central star SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : Wolf-Rayet; stars : atmospheres; stars : mass-loss; ISM : abundances; ISM : planetary nebulae : individual : SMP 61; ISM : planetary nebulae : general ID WOLF-RAYET NUCLEI; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; APPROXIMATE LAMBDA-OPERATORS; DEFICIENT CENTRAL STARS; WC CENTRAL STARS; SPECTRAL-ANALYSES; EXPANDING ATMOSPHERES; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATIONS AB We present a comprehensive study of the Magellanic Cloud planetary nebula SMP 61 and of its nucleus, a Wolf-Rayet type star classified [WC 5-6]. The observational material consists of HST STIS spectroscopy and imaging, together with optical and UV spectroscopic data collected from the literature and infrared fluxes measured by IRAS. We have performed a detailed spectral analysis of the central star, using the Potsdam code for expanding atmospheres in non-LTE. For the central star we determine the following parameters: L-star = 10(3.96) L-., R-star = 0.42 R-., T-star = 87.5 kK, (M) over dot = 10(-6.12) M-. yr(-1), v(infinity) = 1400 km s(-1), and a clumping factor of D = 4. The elemental abundances by mass are X-He = 0.45, X-C = 0.52, X-N < 5 x 10(-5), X-O = 0.03, and X-Fe < 1 x 10(-4). The fluxes from the model stellar atmosphere were used to compute photoionization models of the nebula. All the available observations, within their error bars, were used to constrain these models. We find that the ionizing fluxes predicted by the stellar model are consistent with the fluxes needed by the photoionization model to reproduce the nebular emission, within the error margins. However, there are indications that the stellar model overestimates the number and hardness of Lyman continuum photons. The photoionization models imply a clumped density structure of the nebular material. The observed C III] lambda1909/C II lambda4267 line ratio implies the existence of carbon-rich clumps in the nebula. Such clumps are likely produced by stellar wind ejecta, possibly mixed with the nebular material. We discuss our results with regard to the stellar and nebular post-AGB evolution. The observed Fe-deficiency for the central star indicates that the material which is now visible on the stellar surface has been exposed to s-process nucleosynthesis during previous thermal pulses. The absence of nitrogen allows us to set an upper limit to the remaining H-envelope mass after a possible AGB final thermal pulse. Finally, we infer from the total amount of carbon detected in the nebula that the strong [WC] mass-loss may have been active only for a limited period during the post-AGB evolution. C1 Observ Meudon, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NASA, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Stasinska, G (reprint author), Observ Meudon, LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 413 IS 1 BP 329 EP + DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20034072 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 754WT UT WOS:000187356300037 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Monteagudo, C Kashlinsky, A Atrio-Barandela, F AF Hernandez-Monteagudo, C Kashlinsky, A Atrio-Barandela, F TI Using peak distribution of the cosmic microwave background for WMAP and Planck data analysis: Formalism and simulations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology; cosmic microwave background; methods : numerical ID ANISOTROPY POWER SPECTRUM; 1/F NOISE; SKY MAPS; STATISTICS; CLUSTERS; EMISSION AB We implement and further refine the recently proposed method at Kashlinsky et al. (2001) (KHA) for a time efficient extraction of the power spectrum from future cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps. The method is based on the clustering properties of peaks and troughs of the Gaussian CMB sky. The procedure takes only 1/2 [f (nu)]N-2(2) steps where f (nu) is the fraction of pixels with \deltaT\greater than or equal tonu standard deviations in the map of N pixels. We use the new statistic introduced in KHA, xi(nu), which characterizes spatial clustering of the CMB sky peaks of progressively increasing thresholds. The tiny fraction of the remaining pixels (peaks and troughs) contains the required information on the CMB power spectrum of the entire map. The threshold nu is the only parameter that determines the accuracy of the final spectrum. We performed detailed numerical simulations for parameters of the two-year WMAP and Planck CMB sky data including cosmological signal, inhomogeneous noise and foreground residuals. In all cases we find that the method can recover the power spectrum out to the Nyquist scale of the experiment channel. We discuss how the error bars scale with nu allowing to decide between accuracy and speed. The method can determine with significant accuracy the CMB power spectrum from the upcoming CMB maps in only similar to(10(-5)-10(-3))x N-2 operations. C1 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. NASA, SSAI, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Salamanca, Fac Ciencias, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. RP Hernandez-Monteagudo, C (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Postfach 1317, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RI Atrio-Barandela, Fernando/A-7379-2017 OI Atrio-Barandela, Fernando/0000-0002-2130-2513 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 413 IS 3 BP 833 EP 842 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031583 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 761EP UT WOS:000187887900010 ER PT J AU Encrenaz, T Lellouch, E Drossart, P Feuchtgruber, H Orton, GS Atreya, SK AF Encrenaz, T Lellouch, E Drossart, P Feuchtgruber, H Orton, GS Atreya, SK TI First detection of CO in Uranus SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites : Uranus; infrared : solar system ID H-3(+) EMISSION; H-2 QUADRUPOLE; GIANT PLANETS; NEPTUNE; METHANE; ATMOSPHERES; ABUNDANCES; JUPITER; HCN; SATURN AB The spectrum of Uranus has been recorded in Oct. - Nov. 2002, between 4.6 and 5.0 mum, using the ISAAC imaging spectrometer at the VLT-UT1 ( ANTU) 8-m telescope of ESO. The spectral resolving power was 1500. In addition to a few strong H-3(+) emission lines, the spectrum of Uranus distinctly shows the emission lines of the CO(1-0) band from R7 to P8. The relative intensity distribution of the observed CO emission is not compatible with a thermal distribution, for any value of the rotational temperature. The most likely emission mechanism is fluorescence, and a good fit is obtained assuming a constant CO mixing ratio of 3 x 10(-8) at the tropopause and above. The tropospheric continuum of Uranus is also detected beween 4.7 and 5.0 mum. The observed continuum can be fitted assuming reflected sunlight above a cloud level at 3.1 bars, presumably attributed to H2S. Upper limits of 2 x 10(-8) and 1 x 10(-6) are inferred for the CO and PH3 tropospheric mixing ratios above this level. The low CO tropospheric upper limit might suggest that the CO vertical distribution is not uniform. C1 Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. MPI, D-85740 Garching, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Encrenaz, T (reprint author), Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 5 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 413 IS 2 BP L5 EP L9 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20034637 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 754WU UT WOS:000187356500001 ER PT S AU Casey, SC AF Casey, SC BE Wesselius, PR Olthof, H TI The SOFIA program: astronomers return to the stratosphere SO ASTRONOMY AT IR/SUBMM AND THE MICROWAVE BACKGOUND SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE infrared astronomy; stratosphere; SOFIA program; airborne observations AB The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is the next generation of airborne astronomical observatories. Funded by the US and German space agencies, SOFIA is scheduled for science flights beginning in late 2005. The observatory consists of a 747-SP modified to accommodate a 2.7-m telescope with an open port design. Academic and government laboratories spanning both the US and Germany are developing science instruments for SOFIA. Using state-of-the-art technologies, SOFIA will explore the emission of astronomical sources with an unprecedented level of angular resolution (theta[arc-sec] = 0.1 x wavelength [mum]) and spectral line sensitivity at infrared and sub-millimeter wavelengths. The current status of SOFIA is available from the observatory web site at http://sofia.arc.nasa.gov and is updated frequently. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Casey, SC (reprint author), NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, MS 144-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM scasey@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 560 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.05.026 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAS55 UT WOS:000223369300013 ER PT S AU Werner, MW Gallagher, DB Irace, WR AF Werner, MW Gallagher, DB Irace, WR BE Wesselius, PR Olthof, H TI SIRTF - The Space Infrared Telescope Facility SO ASTRONOMY AT IR/SUBMM AND THE MICROWAVE BACKGOUND SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE Space Infrared Telescope Facility; spitzer space telescope; infrared astronomy AB The Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) is to be launched by NASA in 2003. SIRTF will be an observatory for infrared astronomy from space with an 85 cm, aperture telescope operating at 5.5 K and a 2.5-5 years cryogenic lifetime. SIRTFs three instruments with state of the art detector arrays will provide imaging, photometry, and spectroscopy over the 3-180 mum wavelength range. SIRTF will provide major advances for the study of astrophysical problems from the solar system to the edge of the Universe. SIRTF will complete NASA's family of Great Observatories and serve as a cornerstone of the Origins program. Over 75% of the observing time will be awarded to the general scientific community through the usual proposal and peer review cycle. SIRTF will demonstrate major advances in technology areas critical to future infrared missions. These include lightweight cryogenic optics, sensitive detector arrays, and a high performance thermal system, combining radiative and cryogenic cooling, which allows the telescope to be launched warm and to cool in space. These thermal advances are enabled by the use of an Earth-trailing solar orbit which carries SIRTF to a distance of similar to0.6 AU from Earth in five years. SIRTF will be launched in April, 2003; thus, by the time this paper is published, SIRTF will be in orbit and returning data. Many more scientific and technical details can be found on the SIRTF home page: sirtf@caltech.edu/SSC/; this site will also alert the scientific community to upcoming research opportunities with SIRTF. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Werner, MW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mwerner@sirtfweb.jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 600 EP 609 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.034 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAS55 UT WOS:000223369300020 ER PT S AU Leisawitz, D AF Leisawitz, D BE Wesselius, PR Olthof, H TI NASA's far-IR/submillimeter roadmap missions: SAFIR and SPECS SO ASTRONOMY AT IR/SUBMM AND THE MICROWAVE BACKGOUND SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE Single Aperture Far-Infrared Telescope (SAFIR); Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure (SPECS); NASA's far-IR/; submillimeter roadmap missions; interferometry; imaging ID STAR-FORMATION; INTERFEROMETRY AB The Single Aperture Far-Infrared (SAFIR) Telescope, a 10 m class, background-limited observatory, and the Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure (SPECS), a kilometer maximum baseline far-IR/submillimeter (FIR/SMM) interferometer, were recently added to the NASA space science roadmap. We briefly describe the process that led to this adoption, explain the need for high angular resolution and sensitivity in the FIR/SMM, describe the two roadmap missions, and discuss associated practical considerations, including the new technology requirements and the potential opportunity for international collaboration. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Infrared Astrophys Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Leisawitz, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Infrared Astrophys Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.t.leisawitz@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 631 EP 636 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.06.023 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAS55 UT WOS:000223369300024 ER PT S AU Beichman, C Gomez, G Lo, M Masdemont, J Romans, L AF Beichman, C Gomez, G Lo, M Masdemont, J Romans, L BE Wesselius, PR Olthof, H TI Searching for life with the Terrestrial Planet Finder: Lagrange point options for a formation flying interferometer SO ASTRONOMY AT IR/SUBMM AND THE MICROWAVE BACKGOUND SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE astronomical search for origins; searching for life; Terrestrial Planet Finder; TPF; halo orbit; L-2; heliocentric orbit AB Whether life exists beyond Earth is a fundamental question. To answer this and related questions requires access to space, making the search for life within our solar system and beyond a quest that only the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), along with its international partners, can answer. The Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) is one of the key missions in NASA's Astronomical Search for Origins. In this paper, we describe the mission design for TPF assuming a distributed spacecraft concept using formation flight around both a halo orbit about the Sun-Earth L-2 as well as a heliocentric orbit. Although the mission architecture is still under study, the next two years will include study of four design concepts and a down select to two concepts around 2005. TPF is anticipating a Phase A start around 2007 and a launch sometime around 2015. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Matemat APlicada & Anal, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Politecn Catalunya, Dept Matemat Aplicada, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Beichman, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM charles.beichman@jpl.nasa.gov; gerard@maia.ub.es; martin.lo@jpl.nasa.gov; josep@barquins.upc.es; larry.romans@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 637 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.05.032 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAS55 UT WOS:000223369300025 ER PT S AU White, NE Diaz, AV AF White, NE Diaz, AV BE Wesselius, PR Olthof, H TI Beyond Einstein: from the Big Bang to black holes SO ASTRONOMY AT IR/SUBMM AND THE MICROWAVE BACKGOUND SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE Beyond Einstein; Big Bang; black holes AB How did the Universe begin? Does time have a beginning and an end? Does space have edges? Einstein's theory of relativity replied to these ancient questions with three startling predictions: that the Universe is expanding from a Big Bang; that black holes so distort space and time that time stops at their edges; and that a dark energy could be pulling space apart, sending galaxies forever beyond the edge of the visible Universe. Observations confirm these remarkable predictions, the last finding only four years ago. Yet Einstein's legacy is incomplete. His theory raises - but cannot answer - three profound questions: What powered the Big Bang? What happens to space, time and matter at the edge of a black hole? and, What is the mysterious dark energy pulling the Universe apart? The Beyond Einstein program within, NASA's office of space,science aims to answer these questions, employing a series of missions linked by powerful new technologies and complementary approaches to shared science goals. The program also serves as a potent force with which to enhance science education and science literacy. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP White, NE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM nicholas.e.white@nasa.gov RI White, Nicholas/B-6428-2012 OI White, Nicholas/0000-0003-3853-3462 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 651 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.03.029 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAS55 UT WOS:000223369300027 ER PT J AU Rhodes, J Refregier, A Massey, R Albert, J Bacon, D Bernstein, G Ellis, R Jain, B Kim, A Lampton, M McKay, T Akerlof, C Aldering, G Amanullah, R Astier, P Baltay, C Barrelet, E Bebek, C Bergstrom, L Bercovitz, J Bester, M Bigelow, B Bohlin, R Bonissent, A Bower, C Brown, M Campbell, M Carithers, W Commins, E Day, C Deustua, S DiGennaro, R Ealet, A Emmet, W Eriksson, M Fouchez, D Fruchter, A Genat, JF Gerdes, D Gladney, L Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, D Harris, S Harvey, P Heetderks, H Holland, S Huterer, D Johnston, W Karcher, A Kolbe, W Krieger, B Kushner, G Kuznetsova, N Lafever, R Lamoureux, J Levi, M Linder, E Loken, S Lorenzon, W Malina, R Mazure, A McKee, S Miquel, R Morgan, N Mortsell, E Mostek, N Mufson, S Musser, J Nugent, P Oluseyi, H Pain, R Palaio, N Pankow, D Perlmutter, S Pratt, R Prieto, E Rabinowitz, D Robinson, K Roe, N Rusin, D Schubnell, M Sholl, M Smadja, G Smith, R Smoot, G Snyder, J Spadafora, A Szymkowiak, A Tarle, G Taylor, K Tilquin, A Tomasch, A von der Lippe, H Vincent, D Walder, JP Wang, G AF Rhodes, J Refregier, A Massey, R Albert, J Bacon, D Bernstein, G Ellis, R Jain, B Kim, A Lampton, M McKay, T Akerlof, C Aldering, G Amanullah, R Astier, P Baltay, C Barrelet, E Bebek, C Bergstrom, L Bercovitz, J Bester, M Bigelow, B Bohlin, R Bonissent, A Bower, C Brown, M Campbell, M Carithers, W Commins, E Day, C Deustua, S DiGennaro, R Ealet, A Emmet, W Eriksson, M Fouchez, D Fruchter, A Genat, JF Gerdes, D Gladney, L Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, D Harris, S Harvey, P Heetderks, H Holland, S Huterer, D Johnston, W Karcher, A Kolbe, W Krieger, B Kushner, G Kuznetsova, N Lafever, R Lamoureux, J Levi, M Linder, E Loken, S Lorenzon, W Malina, R Mazure, A McKee, S Miquel, R Morgan, N Mortsell, E Mostek, N Mufson, S Musser, J Nugent, P Oluseyi, H Pain, R Palaio, N Pankow, D Perlmutter, S Pratt, R Prieto, E Rabinowitz, D Robinson, K Roe, N Rusin, D Schubnell, M Sholl, M Smadja, G Smith, R Smoot, G Snyder, J Spadafora, A Szymkowiak, A Tarle, G Taylor, K Tilquin, A Tomasch, A von der Lippe, H Vincent, D Walder, JP Wang, G TI Weak lensing from space I: instrumentation and survey strategy SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter; dark energy; instrumentation ID PROTON RADIATION-DAMAGE; SILICON; CCDS AB A wide-field space-based imaging telescope is necessary to fully exploit the technique of observing dark matter via weak gravitational lensing. This first paper in a three part series outlines the survey strategies and relevant instrumental parameters for such a mission. As a concrete example of hardware design, we consider the proposed Supernoval Acceleration Probe (SNAP). Using SNAP engineering models, we quantify the major contributions to this telescope's point spread function (PSF). These PSF contributions are relevant to any similar wide-field space telescope. We further show that the PSF of SNAP or a similar telescope will be smaller than current ground-based PSFs, and more isotropic and stable over time than the PSF of the Hubble Space Telescope. We outline survey strategies for two different regimes-a "wide" 300 square degree survey and a "deep" 15 square degree survey that will accomplish various weak lensing goals including statistical studies and dark matter mapping. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Astron Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Stockholm, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, F-75794 Paris 16, France. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Amer Astron Soc, Washington, DC 20009 USA. CNS, INSU, LAM, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Lyon 1, CNS, IN2P3, IPNL, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Rhodes, J (reprint author), CALTECH, 105-24,1201 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM rhodes@astro.caltech.edu RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; McKee, Shawn/B-6435-2012; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; McKee, Shawn/0000-0002-4551-4502; malina, roger/0000-0003-3399-3865 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 377 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2003.10.002 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 763RT UT WOS:000188114800001 ER PT J AU Kuo, CL Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Cantalupo, C Daub, MD Goldstein, J Holzapfel, WL Lange, AE Lueker, M Newcomb, M Peterson, JB Ruhl, J Runyan, MC Torbet, E AF Kuo, CL Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Cantalupo, C Daub, MD Goldstein, J Holzapfel, WL Lange, AE Lueker, M Newcomb, M Peterson, JB Ruhl, J Runyan, MC Torbet, E TI High-resolution observations of the cosmic microwave background power spectrum with ACBAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology : observations ID ANGULAR SCALE INTERFEROMETER; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; DAMPING TAIL; SOUTH-POLE; ANISOTROPY; RADIATION; SUBMILLIMETER; FLUCTUATIONS; BOOMERANG; IMAGER AB We report the first measurements of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation with the Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR). The instrument was installed on the 2.1 m Viper telescope at the South Pole in 2001 January; the data presented here are the product of observations up to and including 2002 July. We present two deep differential maps produced by subtracting leading and trailing observations from the main field. The differential maps cover approximately 24 deg(2) of sky selected for low dust contrast. These results represent the highest signal-to-noise ratio observations of CMB anisotropy to date; in the deepest 150 GHz band map, we reached an rms of similar to 8.0 muK per 5' beam. The 3degrees extent of the maps and small beam size of the experiment allow the measurement of the CMB anisotropy power spectrum over the range l = 150-3000 with resolution of Deltal = 150. The contributions of galactic dust and radio sources to the observed anisotropy are negligible and are removed in the analysis. The resulting power spectrum is found to be consistent with the primary anisotropy expected in a concordance LambdaCDM universe. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Kuo, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 LeConte Hall 730, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Peterson, Jeffrey/O-4794-2014; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 OI Peterson, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1340-818X; NR 56 TC 306 Z9 307 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 1 BP 32 EP 51 DI 10.1086/379783 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 764KG UT WOS:000188205600004 ER PT J AU Uchida, Y Kigure, H Hirose, S Nakamura, M Cameron, R AF Uchida, Y Kigure, H Hirose, S Nakamura, M Cameron, R TI Distribution of Faraday rotation measure in jets from active galactic nuclei. I. Predictions from our sweeping magnetic twist model SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : jets; galaxies : magnetic fields; MHD; polarization ID DOUBLE RADIO-SOURCES; TRANS-ALFVENIC JETS; ACCRETION DISKS; DRIVEN JETS; MAGNETODYNAMICAL ACCELERATION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; STEADY SOLUTIONS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; FIELDS; RESOLUTION AB Using the numerical data of MHD simulation for active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets based on our "sweeping magnetic twist model,'' we calculated the Faraday rotation measure (FRM) and the Stokes parameters to compare with observations. We propose that the FRM distribution can be used to discuss the three-dimensional structure of magnetic field around jets, together with the projected magnetic field derived from the Stokes parameters. In the present paper, we assumed the basic straight part of the AGN jet and used the data of axisymmetric simulation. The FRM distribution that we derived has a general tendency to have gradient across the jet axis, which is due to the toroidal component of the helical magnetic field generated by the rotation of the accretion disk. This kind of gradient in the FRM distribution is actually observed in some AGN jets, which suggests a helical magnetic field around the jets and thus supports our MHD model. Following this success, we are now extending our numerical observation to the wiggled part of the jets, using the data of three-dimensional simulation based on our model, in an upcoming paper. C1 Kyoto Univ, Kwasan & Hida Observ, Kyoto 6078471, Japan. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM kigure@kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 1 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1086/379759 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 764KG UT WOS:000188205600008 ER PT J AU Piner, BG Edwards, PG AF Piner, BG Edwards, PG TI The parsec-scale structure and jet motions of the TeV blazars 1ES 1959+650, PKS 2155-304,and 1ES 2344+514 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (1ES 1959+650; 1ES 2344+514, PKS 2155-304); galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; radio continuum : galaxies ID BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; LINE ARRAY OBSERVATIONS; EGRET-DETECTED QUASARS; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; PKS 2155-304; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; RADIO-SOURCES; 1ES 2344+514; VARIABILITY AB As part of our study of the VLBI properties of TeV blazar jets, we present here a series of high-resolution 15 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) images of the parsec-scale jets of the TeV blazars 1ES 1959+650, PKS 2155 - 304, and 1ES 2344+514, with linear resolutions of similar to 0.5 pc. Each of these sources was observed with the VLBA at three or four epochs during 1999 and 2000. There is a notable lack of any strong moving components on the VLBI images ( in contrast to the rapid superluminal motions seen in EGRET blazars), and the structure of the VLBI jet can be modeled either as a series of stationary Gaussian components or as a smooth power law for two of the sources ( PKS 2155 - 304 and 1ES 2344+514). The low apparent speeds, together with beaming indicators such as the brightness temperature of the VLBI core, imply only modest Doppler boosting of the VLBI radio emission and only modest bulk Lorentz factors ( delta and Gamma approximate to a few), in contrast to the more extreme values of these parameters invoked to explain the high-energy emission. The fact that no moving shocks or plasmoids are seen on the parsec scale suggests that the shocks or plasmoids that are assumed to be responsible for the high-energy flares must dissipate before they separate from the core on the VLBI images. This requires the loss of a substantial amount of bulk kinetic energy on parsec scales and implies a higher efficiency than is typically assumed for internal shock scenarios. C1 Whittier Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Whittier, CA 90608 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Piner, BG (reprint author), Whittier Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 13406 E Philadelphia St, Whittier, CA 90608 USA. EM gpiner@whittier.edu; pge@vsop.isas.ac.jp NR 52 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 1 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1086/379769 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 764KG UT WOS:000188205600011 ER PT J AU Vazquez, GA Leitherer, C Heckman, TM Lennon, DJ de Mello, DF Meurer, GR Martin, CL AF Vazquez, GA Leitherer, C Heckman, TM Lennon, DJ de Mello, DF Meurer, GR Martin, CL TI Characterizing the stellar population in NGC 1705-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual (NGC 1705); galaxies : irregular; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : stellar content ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; INTERSTELLAR ABSORPTION-LINES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; NGC 1705; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; YOUNG CLUSTERS; B-STARS; LOW-END AB We observed the brightest super - star cluster NGC 1705-1 in the nearby dwarf galaxy NGC 1705 with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph in the echelle mode between 1200 and 3100 Angstrom. The data allow a study of the young stellar population at hitherto unprecedented spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratios. A comprehensive list of strong and weak stellar and interstellar absorption lines is given, together with the measured line parameters. Four distinct velocity systems are identified: stellar lines at the measured H I velocity, blueshifted interstellar lines from outflowing gas, Milky Way foreground absorption, and a high-velocity cloud. Comparison with stellar template spectra indicates an equivalent spectral type of B0 to B1, with mostly dwarf and giant stars contributing. When placed on a theoretical Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, these stars constrain the age of NGC 1705-1 to 12+/-(3)(1) Myr. Since this age is derived purely from spectroscopy, it is independent of reddening corrections. A comparison of the observed and theoretical mass-to-light ratio for the derived age was performed. We find no significant evidence for an anomalous initial mass function at the low-mass end, contrary to suggestions found in the literature. The stellar population of NGC 1705-1 is similar to that in other massive clusters, such as 30 Doradus or NGC 1569-A, after taking into account age differences and model uncertainties. We discuss the difficulty of relating observed and theoretical mass-to-light ratios because of the unknown gas mass fraction lost by the cluster and the uncertain mass-loss rates of asymptotic giant branch stars in population synthesis models. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38780 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Canary Isl, Spain. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Vazquez, GA (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM vazquez@stsci.edu; leitherer@stsci.edu; heckman@pha.jhu.edu; djl@ing.iac.es; duilia@ipanema.gsfc.nasa.gov; meurer@pha.jhu.edu; cmartin@physics.ucsb.edu NR 67 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 1 BP 162 EP 181 DI 10.1086/379805 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 764KG UT WOS:000188205600015 ER PT J AU Sandell, G Sievers, A AF Sandell, G Sievers, A TI Submillimeter continuum observations of NGC 7538 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (NGC 7538); stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence; submillimeter ID H-II REGIONS; CLERK-MAXWELL-TELESCOPE; MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; MOLECULAR CLOUD; VLA OBSERVATIONS; YOUNG STARS; H2O MASERS; OH SOURCES; IRS-1; OUTFLOWS AB We present high-resolution millimeter and submillimeter maps (1.3 mm and 850, 800, 450, and 350 mum) of the molecular cloud southeast of NGC 7538, obtained on the IRAM 30 m telescope at Pico Veleta, Spain and the 15 m James Clerk Maxwell Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. These maps show filamentary dust ridges extending from and connecting to the three major activity centers (IRS 1 - 3, NGC 7538 S, and IRS 9) in this high-mass star - forming cloud. In addition to the three already known star formation centers, we also find a fainter extended submillimeter source near the 20 mum source IRS 4, at the boundary of the optical H II region. Our high spatial resolution images resolve the young, hypercompact H II region IRS 1 and show that it coincides with a compact (<10&DPRIME;) elliptical dust source with a mass of &GE;70 M-.. It is surrounded by a cluster of submillimeter sources, none of which have near- or mid-IR counterparts. Three of the submillimeter sources are associated with H2O masers, suggesting that protostars or young stars have formed in these cloud cores. We find IRS 9 to be an extended elliptical source with a size of 13&DPRIME; x 6&DPRIME; at a position angle of -80&DEG;, with a second, fainter but more extended source about 20&DPRIME; south of it. The mass of the IRS 9 submillimeter source is &SIM; 150 M-., while the southern source has a mass of &SIM; 90 M-.. The third activity center, NGC 7538 S, is &SIM; 80&DPRIME; south of IRS 1. Here we find a strong, elliptical submillimeter source of 12&DPRIME; x 7&DPRIME;, with a position angle of 58&DEG;. This source coincides with OH and H2O masers and a faint VLA 6 cm source, but it shows no near- or mid-infrared emission. We find NGC 7538 S to have all the characteristics of a Class 0 source; i.e., it is a high-mass protostar. It is cold, T-d &SIM; 35 K, has a disklike geometry, drives a very young outflow, and is extremely massive, M &SIM; 400 M-.. Yet it has a luminosity of only 10(4) L-.. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA USRA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. IRAM, Granada 18012, Spain. RP Sandell, G (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SOFIA USRA, MS 144-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM gsandell@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 50 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 1 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1086/379646 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 764KG UT WOS:000188205600022 ER PT J AU Double, GP Baring, MG Jones, FC Ellison, DC AF Double, GP Baring, MG Jones, FC Ellison, DC TI Magnetohydrodynamic jump conditions for oblique relativistic shocks with gyrotropic pressure SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; shock waves ID NONLINEAR PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; FERMI ACCELERATION; BLAST WAVES AB Shock jump conditions, i.e., the specification of the downstream parameters of the gas in terms of the upstream parameters, are obtained for steady state, plane shocks with oblique magnetic fields and arbitrary flow speeds. This is done by combining the continuity of particle number flux and the electromagnetic boundary conditions at the shock with the magnetohydrodynamic conservation laws derived from the stress-energy tensor. For ultrarelativistic and nonrelativistic shocks, the jump conditions may be solved analytically. For mildly relativistic shocks, analytic solutions are obtained for isotropic pressure using an approximation for the adiabatic index that is valid in high sonic Mach number cases. Examples assuming isotropic pressure illustrate how the shock compression ratio depends on the shock speed and obliquity. In the more general case of gyrotropic pressure, the jump conditions cannot be solved analytically without additional assumptions, and the effects of gyrotropic pressure are investigated by parameterizing the distribution of pressure parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field. Our numerical solutions reveal that relatively small departures from isotropy (e.g., similar to20%) produce significant changes in the shock compression ratio, r, at all shock Lorentz factors, including ultrarelativistic ones, where an analytic solution with gyrotropic pressure is obtained. In particular, either dynamically important fields or significant pressure anisotropies can incur marked departures from the canonical gas dynamic value of r = 3 for a shocked ultrarelativistic flow, and this may impact models of particle acceleration in gamma-ray bursts and other environments in which relativistic shocks are inferred. The jump conditions presented apply directly to test-particle acceleration and will facilitate future self-consistent numerical modeling of particle acceleration at oblique, relativistic shocks; such models include the modification of the fluid velocity profile due to the contribution of energetic particles to the momentum and energy fluxes. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Double, GP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM gpdouble@unity.ncsu.edu; baring@rice.edu; frank.c.jones@gsfc.nasa.gov; don_ellison@ncsu.edu NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 1 BP 485 EP 500 DI 10.1086/379702 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 764KG UT WOS:000188205600043 ER PT J AU Dixon, WV Brown, TM Landsman, WB AF Dixon, WV Brown, TM Landsman, WB TI The rapidly rotating, hydrogen-deficient, hot post-asymptotic giant branch star ZNG 1 in the globular cluster M5 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters : individual (NGC 5904); stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : individual (NGC 5904 ZNG 1); stars : mass loss; ultraviolet : stars ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER M5; BLANKETED MODEL ATMOSPHERES; UV-BRIGHT STARS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; SPECTRA; ABUNDANCES; TELESCOPE; EVOLUTION; K648; MASS AB We report observations of the hot post-asymptotic giant branch star ZNG 1 in the globular cluster M5 (NGC 5904) with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. From the resulting spectrum, we derive an effective temperature T-eff = 44300 +/- 300 K, a surface gravity log g = 4.3 +/- 0.1, a rotational velocity v sin i = 170 +/- 20 km s(-1), and a luminosity log log (L/L.) = 3.52 +/- 0.04. The atmosphere is helium-rich (Y = 0.93), with enhanced carbon (2.6% by mass), nitrogen (0.51%), and oxygen (0.37%) abundances. The spectrum shows evidence of a wind with a terminal velocity near 1000 km s-1 and an expanding shell of carbon- and nitrogen-rich material around the star. The abundance pattern of ZNG 1 is suggestive of the "born-again" scenario, whereby a star on the white dwarf cooling curve undergoes a very late shell flash and returns to the asymptotic giant branch, but the star's rapid rotation is more easily explained by a previous interaction with a binary companion. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Dixon, WV (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM wvd@pha.jhu.edu; tbrown@stsci.edu; landsman@mpb.gsfc.nasa.gov OI Brown, Thomas/0000-0002-1793-9968 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 1 BP L43 EP L46 DI 10.1086/381389 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 764KL UT WOS:000188206000011 ER PT J AU Willacy, K AF Willacy, K TI A chemical route to the formation of water in the circumstellar envelopes around carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars: Fischer-Tropsch catalysis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; molecular data; molecular processes; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : individual (IRC+10216) ID IRC+10216; CHEMISTRY; GRAINS; VAPOR; DUST; IRON; IRC AB Fischer-Tropsch catalysis has been suggested as a means of driving hydrocarbon chemistry in oxygen-rich regions such as the protosolar nebula. In addition to producing hydrocarbons, Fischer-Tropsch catalysis also produces water, and it is therefore possible that such processes could account for the recent observations of water in the circumstellar envelope of the carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch star IRC +10216. We present models of the envelope of IRC +10216 and demonstrate that Fischer-Tropsch catalysis on the surfaces of small metallic grains can produce large quantities of water. The abundance of water produced depends on the number density of iron grains that can act as catalysts. If a few percent (0.5%-5%) of the available iron exists as metallic iron or iron/nickel alloy, then Fischer-Tropsch catalysis can produce sufficient gaseous water to account for the observations. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Willacy, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 169-506, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM karen.willacy@jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 1 BP L87 EP L90 DI 10.1086/381433 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 764KL UT WOS:000188206000022 ER PT J AU Benitez, N Ford, H Bouwens, R Menanteau, F Blakeslee, J Gronwall, C Illingworth, G Meurer, G Broadhurst, TJ Clampin, M Franx, M Hartig, GF Magee, D Sirianni, M Ardila, DR Bartko, F Brown, RA Burrows, CJ Cheng, ES Cross, NJG Feldman, PD Golimowski, DA Infante, L Kimble, RA Krist, JE Lesser, MP Levay, Z Martel, AR Miley, GK Postman, M Rosati, P Sparks, WB Tran, HD Tsvetanov, ZI White, RL Zheng, W AF Benitez, N Ford, H Bouwens, R Menanteau, F Blakeslee, J Gronwall, C Illingworth, G Meurer, G Broadhurst, TJ Clampin, M Franx, M Hartig, GF Magee, D Sirianni, M Ardila, DR Bartko, F Brown, RA Burrows, CJ Cheng, ES Cross, NJG Feldman, PD Golimowski, DA Infante, L Kimble, RA Krist, JE Lesser, MP Levay, Z Martel, AR Miley, GK Postman, M Rosati, P Sparks, WB Tran, HD Tsvetanov, ZI White, RL Zheng, W TI Faint galaxies in deep advanced camera for surveys observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : photometry; techniques : photometric ID EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; 1ST DETECTIONS; NUMBER COUNTS; 8000 ANGSTROM; FIELD SOUTH; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB We present the analysis of the faint galaxy population in the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Early Release Observation fields VV 29 ( UGC 10214) and NGC 4676. These observations cover a total area of 26.3 arcmin(2) and have depths close to that of the Hubble Deep Fields in the deepest part of the VV 29 image, with 10 sigma detection limits for point sources of 27.8, 27.6, and 27.2 AB magnitudes in the g(F475W), V-F606W, and I-F814W bands, respectively. Measuring the faint galaxy number count distribution is a difficult task, with different groups arriving at widely varying results even on the same data set. Here we attempt to thoroughly consider all aspects relevant for faint galaxy counting and photometry, developing methods that are based on public software and that are easily reproducible by other astronomers. Using simulations we determine the best SExtractor parameters for the detection of faint galaxies in deep Hubble Space Telescope observations, paying special attention to the issue of deblending, which significantly affects the normalization and shape of the number count distribution. We confirm, as claimed by Bernstein, Freedman, & Madore, that Kron-like magnitudes, such as the ones generated by SExtractor, can miss more than half of the light of faint galaxies, what dramatically affects the slope of the number counts. We show how to correct for this effect, which depends sensitively not only on the characteristics of the observations, but also on the choice of SExtractor parameters. We present catalogs for the VV 29 and NGC 4676 fields with photometry in the F475W, F606W, and F814W bands. We also show that combining the Bayesian software BPZ with superb ACS data and new spectral templates enables us to estimate reliable photometric redshifts for a significant fraction of galaxies with as few as three filters. After correcting for selection effects, we measure slopes of 0.32 +/- 0.01 for 22 < g(F475W) < 28, 0.34 +/- 0.01 for 22 < V-F606W < 27.5, and 0.33 +/- 0.01 for 22 < m(F814W) < 27. The counts do not flatten ( except perhaps in the F475W filter), up to the depth of our observations. Our results agree well with those of Bernstein, Freedman, & Madore, who used different data sets and techniques, and show that it is possible to perform consistent measurements of galaxy number counts if the selection effects are properly considered. We find that the faint counts m(AB) > 25.5 can be well approximated in all our filters by a passive luminosity evolution model based on the COMBO-17 luminosity function (alpha = -1.5), with a strong merging rate following the prescription of Glazebrook et al., phi* proportional to / (1 + Qz), with Q = 4. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Bartko Sci & Technol, Mead, CO 80542 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Benitez, N (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI White, Richard/A-8143-2012; Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012; Kimble, Randy/D-5317-2012; OI Blakeslee, John/0000-0002-5213-3548; tran, hien/0000-0001-7548-6664; Benitez, Narciso/0000-0002-0403-7455 NR 40 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 150 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1086/380120 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 768GM UT WOS:000188535300001 ER PT J AU Evans, IN Koratkar, AP AF Evans, IN Koratkar, AP TI A complete atlas of recalibrated Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph spectra of active galactic nuclei and quasars. I. Pre-costar spectra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atlases; galaxies : active; galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : Seyfert; quasars : general; ultraviolet : galaxies AB We have recalibrated all nonpolarimetric, pre-COSTAR, archival Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph UV and optical spectrophotometry of active galaxies and quasars in order to extract uniformly calibrated spectrophotometric data for further detailed scientific investigations. The raw archival spectra have been recalibrated using the latest algorithms and calibration data. Spectral data contaminated by intermittent noisy diodes and cosmic-ray events have been identified manually and eliminated. Wherever possible we have combined multiple observations of the same source to produce a single spectrum per object with the highest possible signal-to-noise ratio and covering the widest wavelength range, scaling the individual data sets to the same photometric scale where necessary. Detailed quality assurance has been performed to ensure that the merged object spectra are of the highest quality consistent with the limitations of the individual data sets and calibrations. The recalibrated, merged object spectra are available in electronic form. We use this data set to present statistics of the photometric accuracy in the wavelength overlap regions for observations spanning multiple gratings. C1 Smithosian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Evans, IN (reprint author), Smithosian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS-81, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ievans@cfa.harvard.edu; koratkar@umbc.edu NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 150 IS 1 BP 73 EP 164 DI 10.1086/379649 PG 92 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 768GM UT WOS:000188535300004 ER PT J AU Benford, DJ Amato, MJ Mather, JC Moseley, SH Leisawitz, DT AF Benford, DJ Amato, MJ Mather, JC Moseley, SH Leisawitz, DT TI Mission concept for the Single Aperture Far-Infrared (SAFIR) Observatory SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE far-infrared; submillimeter; telescope; SAFIR AB The Single Aperture Far-InfraRed (SAFIR) Observatory's science goals are driven by the fact that the earliest stages of almost all phenomena in the universe are shrouded in absorption by and emission from cool dust and gas that emits strongly in the far-infrared (40mum-200mum) and submillimeter (200 mum-1 mm). In the very early universe, the warm gas of newly collapsing, unenriched galaxies will be revealed by molecular hydrogen emission lines at these long wavelengths. High redshift quasars are found to have substantial reservoirs of cool gas and dust, indicative of substantial metal enrichment early in the history of the universe. As a result, even early stages of galaxy formation will show powerful far-infrared emission. The combination of strong dust emission and large redshift (1 < z < 7) of these galaxies means that they can only be studied in the far-infrared and submillimeter. For nearby galaxies, many of the most active galaxies in the universe appear to be those whose gaseous disks are interacting in violent collisions. The details of these galaxies, including the effect of the central black holes that probably exist in most of them, are obscured to shorter wavelength optical and ultraviolet observatories by the large amounts of dust in their interstellar media. Within our own galaxy, the earliest stages of star formation, when gas and dust clouds are collapsing and the beginnings of a central star are taking shape, can only be observed in the far-infrared and submillimeter. The cold dust that ultimately forms the planetary systems, as well as the cool "debris" dust clouds that indicate the likelihood of planetary sized bodies around more developed stars, can only be observed at wavelengths longward of 20 mum. Over the past several years, there has been an increasing recognition of the critical importance of the far-infrared to submillimeter spectral region to addressing fundamental astrophysical problems, ranging from cosmological questions to understanding how our own Solar System came into being. The development of large, far-infrared telescopes in space has become more feasible with the combination of developments for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) of enabling breakthroughs in detector technology. We have developed a preliminary but comprehensive mission concept for SAFIR, as a 10 m-class far-infrared and submillimeter observatory that would begin development later in this decade to meet the needs outlined above. Its operating temperature (less than or equal to4 K) and instrument complement would be optimized to reach the natural sky confusion limit in the far-infrared with diffraction-limited performance down to at least the atmospheric cutoff, gimel greater than or equal to 40 mum. This would provide a point source sensitivity improvement of several orders of magnitude over that of the Spitzer Space Telescope (previously SIRTF) or the Herschel Space Observatory. Additionally, it would have an angular resolution 12 times finer than that of Spitzer and three times finer than Herschel. This sensitivity and angular resolution are necessary to perform imaging and spectroscopic studies of individual galaxies in the early universe. We have considered many aspects of the SAFIR mission, including the telescope technology (optical design, materials, and packaging), detector needs and technologies, cooling method and required technology developments, attitude and pointing, power systems, launch vehicle, and mission operations. The most challenging requirements for this mission are operating temperature and aperture size of the telescope, and the development of detector arrays. SAFIR can take advantage of much of the technology under development for JWST, but with much less stringent requirements on optical accuracy. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Infrared Astrophys Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Instrument Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Benford, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Infrared Astrophys Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dominic.benford@nasa.gov RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2004 VL 294 IS 3-4 BP 177 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s10509-004-5377-4 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 899ZG UT WOS:000227183800004 ER PT J AU Girart, JM Greaves, JS Crutcher, RM Lai, SP AF Girart, JM Greaves, JS Crutcher, RM Lai, SP TI BIMA and JCMT spectropolarimetric observations of the CO J=2-1 line towards Orion KL/IRc2 SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Magnetic Fields and Star Foramtion CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL Univ Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN HO Univ Complutense de Madrid DE polarization; magnetic fields; Orion KL/IRc2 ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD DIRECTION; MOLECULAR ION SPECTRA; SUBMILLIMETER POLARIZATION; CLOUDS; EMISSION; DUST; ALIGNMENT; OMC-1; CORES AB We present results of JCMT and BIMA CO J = 2 - 1 polarization observations towards the Orion KL/IRc2 high mass star forming region. The linear polarization fraction of the JCMT CO J = 2 - 1 spectra presents a clear decrease towards the center of the line, as expected, due to the increase of the optical depth. The position angle remains constant along the spectral line, except at the line center, where the highest optical depth and lower fractional polarization are measured. The combined BIMA and JCMT maps of the redshifted and blueshifted CO emission show a uniform polarization pattern that does not coincide with previous dust continuum observations at similar angular resolution. This suggests that the CO and dust are tracing different spatial components along the line of sight. C1 Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Barcelona, Spain. Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Girart, JM (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Barcelona, Spain. EM girart@ieec.fcr.es RI Girart, Josep/O-1638-2014 OI Girart, Josep/0000-0002-3829-5591 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2004 VL 292 IS 1-4 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1023/B:ASTR.0000045007.35868.17 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 862AM UT WOS:000224461300013 ER PT J AU Houde, M Peng, RS Yoshida, H Hildebrand, RH Phillips, TG Dowell, CD Bastien, P Dotson, JL Vaillancourt, JE AF Houde, M Peng, RS Yoshida, H Hildebrand, RH Phillips, TG Dowell, CD Bastien, P Dotson, JL Vaillancourt, JE TI The measurement of the orientation of the magnetic field in molecular clouds SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Magnetic Fields and Star Foramtion CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL Univ Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN HO Univ Complutense de Madrid DE ISM cloud; ISM individual (M17); ISM individual (Orion); ISM magnetic field; ISM polarization; ISM radio lines ID ION SPECTRA AB We discuss how the combination of polarimetry and ion-to-neutral molecular line width ratio measurements permits the determination of the magnitude and orientation of the magnetic field in the weakly ionized parts of molecular clouds. Polarimetry measurements give the field orientation in the plane of the sky and the ion-to-neutral molecular line width ratio determines the angle between the magnetic field and the line of sight. We show the first results obtained with this technique on the M17 and Orion A star-forming region using Hertz 350 mum polarimetry maps and HCO+- to-HCN molecular line width ratios to provide the first view of the spatial orientation of the magnetic field these molecular clouds. C1 CALTECH, Submillimeter Observ, Hilo, HI USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Houde, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Submillimeter Observ, Hilo, HI USA. EM houde@submm.caltech.edu OI Vaillancourt, John/0000-0001-8916-1828 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2004 VL 292 IS 1-4 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1023/B:ASTR.0000045008.39439.5b PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 862AM UT WOS:000224461300014 ER PT J AU Lai, SP Velusamy, T Langer, WD AF Lai, SP Velusamy, T Langer, WD TI High angular resolution study of the ion and neutral spectra as a probe of the magnetic field structure SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Magnetic Fields and Star Foramtion CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL Univ Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN HO Univ Complutense de Madrid DE star formation; magnetic fields ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS AB We present the observations and analysis of the spectral linewidths of neutral and ion species across the DR21( OH) core to investigate the cyclotron interaction as a probe of magnetic fields. It has been suggested that under average interstellar field strengths the cyclotron interaction between ions and magnetic fields is strong enough to narrow the linewidth and suppress the line wings in the ion spectra. We have obtained high spatial resolution spectral line images of (HCN)-C-13 and (HCO+)-C-13 at 3 mm in DR21( OH) with the Millimeter Array of the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. Our results show that in the eastern parts of the DR21( OH) core the spectral linewidth of the ions is narrower than that of the neutrals. We use our results, along with the existing Zeeman and dust/CO polarization data on small scales, to derive the 3D magnetic field structure. We obtain a field strength of 0.44 +/- 0.12 mG with inclination of 36degrees to the line of sight, directed toward the observer, and a position angle of - 75degrees in the plane of the sky. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lai, SP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM velusamy@jpl.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2004 VL 292 IS 1-4 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1023/B:ASTR.0000045023.95551.ad PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 862AM UT WOS:000224461300029 ER PT J AU Moehler, S Sweigart, AV Landsman, WB Dreizler, S AF Moehler, S Sweigart, AV Landsman, WB Dreizler, S TI Helium-rich EHB stars in globular clusters SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on sdB Stars CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL Keele Univ, Staffordshire, ENGLAND HO Keele Univ DE globular clusters ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; HOT FLASHER SCENARIO; BLUE HOOK STARS; OMEGA-CENTAURI; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSES; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; VARIABLE-STARS; WHITE-DWARFS; NGC-2808; POPULATION AB Recent UV observations of the most massive Galactic globular clusters show a significant population of hot stars below the zero-age HB ("blue hook" stars), which cannot be explained by canonical stellar evolution. Stars which suffer unusually large mass loss on the red giant branch and thus experience the helium-core flash while descending the white dwarf cooling curve could populate this region. They should show higher temperatures than the hottest canonical HB stars and their atmospheres should be helium-rich and probably C/N-rich. We have obtained spectra of blue hook stars in omega Cen and NGC 2808 to test this possibility. Our analysis shows that the blue hook stars in these clusters reach effective temperatures well beyond the hot end of the canonical EHB and have higher helium abundances than canonical EHB stars. These results support the hypothesis that the blue hook stars arise from stars which ignite helium on the white dwarf cooling curve. C1 Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Abt Astrophys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Moehler, S (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Abt Astrophys, Olshaussenstr 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. EM moehler@astrophysik.uni-kiel.de OI Moehler, Sabine/0000-0002-4152-9643 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2004 VL 291 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1023/B:ASTR.0000044326.12666.b0 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 861AV UT WOS:000224389400006 ER PT J AU Sweigart, AV Lanz, T Brown, TM Hubeny, I Landsman, WB AF Sweigart, AV Lanz, T Brown, TM Hubeny, I Landsman, WB TI Evidence for flash mixing in He-rich sdB stars SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on sdB Stars CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL Keele Univ, Staffordshire, ENGLAND HO Keele Univ DE sdB stars; stellar evolution; space missions : FUSE; spectroscopy AB We present FUSE spectra of three He-rich sdB stars. Two of these stars, PG1544+488 and JL87, reveal extremely strong C III lines, suggesting that they have mixed triple-alpha carbon from the deep interior out to their surfaces. Using TLUSTY NLTE line-blanketed model atmospheres, we find that PG1544+488 has a surface composition of 96% He, 2% C, and 1% N. JL87 shows a similar surface enrichment of C and N but still retains a significant amount of hydrogen. In contrast, the third star, LB1766, is devoid of hydrogen and strongly depleted of carbon, indicating that its surface material has undergone CN-cycle processing. We interpret these observations with new evolutionary calculations which suggest that He-rich sdB stars with C-rich compositions arise from a delayed helium-core flash on the white-dwarf cooling curve. During such a flash the interior convection zone will penetrate into the stellar envelope, thereby mixing the envelope with the He- and C-rich core. Such "flash-mixed" stars will arrive on the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) with He- and C-rich surface compositions and will be hotter than the hottest canonical EHB stars. Two types of flash mixing are possible: "deep" and "shallow", depending on whether the hydrogen envelope is mixed deeply into the site of the helium flash or only with the outer layers of the core. Based on both their stellar parameters and surface compositions, we suggest that PG1544+488 and JL87 are examples of "deep" and "shallow" flash mixing, respectively. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP Sweigart, AV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2004 VL 291 IS 3-4 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.1023/B:ASTR.0000044345.85262.dd PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 861AV UT WOS:000224389400026 ER PT J AU Fontaine, G Green, EM Brassard, P Charpinet, E Chayer, P Billeres, M Randall, SK Dorman, B AF Fontaine, G Green, EM Brassard, P Charpinet, E Chayer, P Billeres, M Randall, SK Dorman, B TI Progress on the front of pulsating subdwarf B stars SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on sdB Stars CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL Keele Univ, Staffordshire, ENGLAND HO Keele Univ DE hot B subdwarfs; stellar oscillations ID EXCITATION; MECHANISM; DISCOVERY; MODES AB We briefly review the recent advances that have been made on the front of pulsating subdwarf B (sdB) stars. The first family of sdB pulsators, the EC 14026 stars, was discovered a few years ago and consists of short-period (similar to100-200 s) p-mode variables. The second type of pulsating sdB's consists of the PG 1716+426 stars, a group of variables showing long-period (similar to1 h) g-mode pulsations. The existence of the latter was first reported less than a year ago. While the two types of sdB pulsators differ markedly in their observational characteristics, we recently found a unifying property in the sense that the observed modes in these objects are excited through the same driving process, a classic kappa mechanism associated with the radiative levitation of iron in the stellar envelope. C1 Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, UMR 5572, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Ctr Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD USA. European So Observ, Santiego Headquarters, Santiago 19, Chile. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Fontaine, G (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM fontaine@astro.umontreal.ca OI Charpinet, Stephane/0000-0002-6018-6180 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2004 VL 291 IS 3-4 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1023/B:ASTR.0000044348.61224.de PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 861AV UT WOS:000224389400029 ER PT S AU Turyshev, SG Williams, JG Nordtvedt, K Shao, M Murphy, TW AF Turyshev, SG Williams, JG Nordtvedt, K Shao, M Murphy, TW BE Karshenboim, SG TI 35 years of testing relativistic gravity: Where do we go from here? SO ASTROPHYSICS, CLOCKS AND FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 302nd WE-Heraeus Seminar on Astrophysics, Clocks and Fundamental Constants CY JUN, 2003 CL Bad Honnef, GERMANY SP WE Heraeus Stift ID SOLAR GRAVITATIONAL DEFLECTION; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; DARK-MATTER; COSMIC ACCELERATION; QUANTUM-GRAVITY; MASSIVE BODIES; UNIVERSE; MOON; VERIFICATION AB This paper addresses the motivation, technology and recent results in the tests of the general theory of relativity in the solar system. We specifically discuss Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), the only technique available to test the Strong Equivalence Principle (SEP) and presently the most accurate method to test for the constancy of the gravitational constant G. After almost 35 years since beginning of the experiment, LLR is poised to take a dramatic step forward by proceeding from cm to mm range accuracies enabled by the new Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO) currently under development in New Mexico. This facility will enable tests of the Veak and Strong Equivalence Principles with a sensitivity approaching 10(-14), translating to a test of the SEP violation parameter, 7), to a precision of similar to 3 x 10(-5). In addition, the v(2)/c(2) general relativistic effects would be tested to better than 0.1%, and measurements of the relative change in the gravitational constant, G/G, would be 0.1% the inverse age of the universe. This paper also discusses a new fundamental physics experiment that will test relativistic gravity with an accuracy better than the effects of the second order in the gravitational field strength, proportional to G(2). The Laser Astrometric Test Of Relativity (LATOR) will not only improve the value of the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) gamma to unprecedented levels of accuracy of 1 part in 10(8), it will also be able to measure effects of the next post-Newtonian order (c(-4)) of light deflection resulting from gravity's intrinsic non- linearity, as well as measure a variety of other relativistic effects. LATOR will lead to very robust advances in the tests of fundamental physics: this mission could discover a violation or extension of general relativity, or reveal the presence of an additional long range interaction in the physical law. There are no analogs to the LATOR experiment; it is unique and is a natural culmination of solar system gravity experiments. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Turyshev, SG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 65 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-21967-6 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2004 VL 648 BP 311 EP 330 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BAU25 UT WOS:000223571400019 ER PT S AU Maleki, L Prestage, J AF Maleki, L Prestage, J BE Karshenboim, SG TI Search for new physics with atomic clocks SO ASTROPHYSICS, CLOCKS AND FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 302nd WE-Heraeus Seminar on Astrophysics, Clocks and Fundamental Constants CY JUN, 2003 CL Bad Honnef, GERMANY SP WE Heraeus Stift ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; FREQUENCY STANDARD; ION-TRAP; PRINCIPLE AB We will discuss the physical ramifications, and describe an experiment with three high-precision clocks flying to within six solar radii of the sun for a test of a possible variation of the fine structure constant a. Measurement of the drift in ratios between the frequencies generated by each clock will probe for the variation of a. Since the response of each element to a change in a has a specific signature, this measurement will provide specific and unambiguous results. The sensitivity of this experiment to a changing a exceeds the sensitivity of recent tests based on observational astronomy, as well the geophysical bounds on a variations. Thus, the experiment will provide a compelling test of the standard model and the alternative theories. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Quantum Sci & Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Maleki, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Quantum Sci & Technol Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lute.maleki@jpl.nasa.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-21967-6 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2004 VL 648 BP 331 EP 341 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BAU25 UT WOS:000223571400020 ER PT B AU Sahai, R Contreras, CS AF Sahai, R Contreras, CS BE Meixner, M Kastner, JH Balick, B Soker, N TI Very young Proto-Planetary nebulae: An optical Imaging and spectroscopic survey SO ASYMMETRICAL PLANETARY NEBULAE III SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Asymmetrical Planetary Nebulae III CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2003 CL Mt Rainier, WA AB Proto-Planetary nebulae (pPNe) - objects in transition between the AGB and planetary nebula (PN) evolutionary phases - hold the key to our understanding of the dramatic transformations in morphology and kinematics of mass-ejecta during the very late stages of stellar evolution for similar to1-8M(circle dot) stars. We summarise here the first results from the optical part of our multiwavelength survey of pPNe candidates, which include the discovery of many bipolar/multipolar nebulae and very fast, most likely collimated, post-AGB outflows. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sahai, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-900,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-168-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 313 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAY57 UT WOS:000224232900009 ER PT B AU Koesterke, L Werner, K Kruk, JW Lanz, T AF Koesterke, L Werner, K Kruk, JW Lanz, T BE Meixner, M Kastner, JH Balick, B Soker, N TI NGC 1535: UV observations and models SO ASYMMETRICAL PLANETARY NEBULAE III SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Asymmetrical Planetary Nebulae III CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2003 CL Mt Rainier, WA ID MASS-LOSS RATES; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; CENTRAL STARS AB We re-investigate the UV spectrum of NGC 1535 by means of recently developed fully line-blanketed non-LTE models. These new models account for the wind in spherical geometry while handling the atomic data in a very similar way to the TLUSTY code. This approach ensures at the same time realistic predictions of the photospheric absorption lines and of the emission lines formed in the wind. Our analysis confirms the results of previous studies. We derive T-* = 70 kK, M = 10(-7.8) M-circle dot/yr, and vinfinity=2000 km/s. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Koesterke, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Kruk, Jeffrey/G-4047-2012 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-168-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 313 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAY57 UT WOS:000224232900033 ER PT B AU Sahai, R AF Sahai, R BE Meixner, M Kastner, JH Balick, B Soker, N TI Sowing the seeds of asymmetry: Jet-like outflows in proto-planetary nebulae and AGB stars SO ASYMMETRICAL PLANETARY NEBULAE III SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Asymmetrical Planetary Nebulae III CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2003 CL Mt Rainier, WA ID MULTIPLE COLLIMATED OUTFLOWS; POINT-SYMMETRICAL NEBULAE; YOUNG PLANETARY-NEBULAE; GIANT BRANCH; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; BIPOLAR OUTFLOW; IRAS 16342-3814; DISCOVERY; MOMENTUM; DISKS AB The imaging of young planetary nebulae (yPNe) and preplanetary nebulae (pPNe) with unprecedented high angular resolution and dynamic range using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), has shown that most of these objects are highly aspherical, displaying multipolar morphologies (often with a high degree of point-symmetry). The complexity, organization and symmetry of the morphological structures has radically changed our understanding of the mass-loss processes during late stellar evolution. We have proposed that high-speed collimated outflows or jets operating during the late AGB and/or early post-AGB evolutionary phase are responsible for sowing the seeds of asymmetry and thus play a fundamental role in shaping PNe. We present here new results from our multi-wavelength program of imaging and spectroscopy of yPNe and pPNe which support this model, and describe a parallel effort to infer the properties of the fast outflows using numerical simulations. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sahai, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 183-900, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-168-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 313 BP 141 EP 147 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAY57 UT WOS:000224232900037 ER PT B AU Sahai, R AF Sahai, R BE Meixner, M Kastner, JH Balick, B Soker, N TI Polar outflows & jets II SO ASYMMETRICAL PLANETARY NEBULAE III SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Asymmetrical Planetary Nebulae III CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2003 CL Mt Rainier, WA ID PLANETARY-NEBULAE AB As chair of this session, I briefly summarise the highlights from three talks presented on a second session on the topic "Outflows and Jets" and connect these to my view of how jet-like outflows have (very recently), become an integral part of our thinking on planetary nebulae. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sahai, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 183-900, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-168-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 313 BP 185 EP 185 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAY57 UT WOS:000224232900044 ER PT B AU Lee, CF Sahai, R AF Lee, CF Sahai, R BE Meixner, M Kastner, JH Balick, B Soker, N TI Jets in YSOs and PPNs/PNs SO ASYMMETRICAL PLANETARY NEBULAE III SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Asymmetrical Planetary Nebulae III CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2003 CL Mt Rainier, WA ID OUTFLOWS; HH-34 AB Jets are seen around young stellar objects (YSOs) and in proto-planetary nebulae (PPNs) and planetary nebulae (PNs). Observationally, there are similarities between YSO jets and PPN/PN jets. Comparing our simulations to the observations, we find that the underlying physical properties of YSO jets and PPN/PN jets may be similar as well. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lee, CF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-168-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 313 BP 438 EP 441 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAY57 UT WOS:000224232900099 ER PT B AU Lee, CF Sahai, R AF Lee, CF Sahai, R BE Meixner, M Kastner, JH Balick, B Soker, N TI Magneto-hydro dynamical models of the knotty, collimated jet in hen 2-90 SO ASYMMETRICAL PLANETARY NEBULAE III SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Asymmetrical Planetary Nebulae III CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2003 CL Mt Rainier, WA ID EXCITATION PLANETARY-NEBULAE AB A remarkably linear, bipolar, knotty jet was recently discovered in Hen 2-90, an object classified as a young planetary nebula (PN). Using two-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamical simulations, we investigate periodic variations in jet density and velocity as the mechanism for producing the jet and its knotty structures. From a detailed comparison between the Ha emission derived from our models to the observations, we find that a non-magnetized jet with density or velocity variations does not reproduce in detail the observed structure of the Hen 2-90 jet - a magnetized jet with periodic velocity variations is required. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lee, CF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-168-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 313 BP 465 EP 467 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAY57 UT WOS:000224232900105 ER PT S AU Cisewski, MS Chu, WP Priestley, K Gordley, LL Mauldin, E Brown, PL AF Cisewski, MS Chu, WP Priestley, K Gordley, LL Mauldin, E Brown, PL BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Remote sensing experiment implementation: Lessons learned SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE AB Lessons learned from the implementation, operation, and science processing from a number of successful NASA LaRC remote sensing experiments will be presented. Despite good flight heritage, well-known designs, and known data retrieval algorithms these experiments remain challenging. The authors will summarize common lessons learned from different project phases and discuss these lessons in the context of planned and future missions with emphasis on improving Level 1 data quality. C1 NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Cisewski, MS (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.560980 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600015 ER PT S AU Goodman, HM Regner, K Conover, H Ashcroft, P Wentz, F Conway, D Lobl, E Beaumont, B Hawkins, L Jones, S AF Goodman, HM Regner, K Conover, H Ashcroft, P Wentz, F Conway, D Lobl, E Beaumont, B Hawkins, L Jones, S BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Science data processing for the advanced microwave scanning radiometer - Earth observing system SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE AMSR-E; aqua; NASA; passive microwave; radiometer; science data processing; SIPS; UAH ID AMSR-E; PRECIPITATION AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration established the framework for the Science Investigator-led Processing Systems (SIPS) to enable the Earth science data products to be generated by personnel directly associated with the instrument science team and knowledgeable of the science algorithms. One of the first instantiations implemented for NASA was the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) SIPS. The AMSR-E SIPS is a decentralized, geographically distributed ground data processing system composed of two primary components located in California and Alabama. Initial science data processing in the U.S. is conducted at Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) in Santa Rosa, California. RSS ingests antenna temperature orbit data sets from the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency and converts them to calibrated, resampled, geolocated brightness temperatures. The brightness temperatures are sent to the Global Hydrology and Climate Center in Huntsville, Alabama, which generates the geophysical science data products (e.g., water vapor, sea surface temperature, sea ice extent, etc.) suitable for climate research and applications usage. These science products are subsequently sent to the National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center in Boulder, Colorado for archival and dissemination to the at-large science community. This paper describes the organization, coordination and production techniques employed by the AMSR-E SIPS in implementing, automating and operating the distributed data processing system. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Goodman, HM (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1117/12.560548 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600020 ER PT S AU Aumann, HH Gregorich, D Barron, D AF Aumann, HH Gregorich, D Barron, D BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Spectral cloud-filtering of AIRS data: Non-polar ocean SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE infrared; temperature retrieval; remote sensing; ozone; carbon dioxide AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is a grating array spectrometer on the EOS Aqua satellite. AIRS covers the thermal infrared spectral range between 640 and 2700 cm(-1). In order to retain the maximum radiometric accuracy of the AIRS data, the effects of cloud contamination have to be minimized. We discuss cloud filtering which uses the high spectral resolution of AIRS to identify about 100,000 of 500,000 non-polar ocean spectra per day as relatively free of clouds. The comparison of AIRS surface sensitive channels with the NCEP provided global real time sst (rtg.sst) shows a cold bias of the order of 0.5K in daily global averages, which is traceable to cloud contamination. During the day the cloud contamination is due to a 2-3% broken cloud cover at 1-2 km altitude, characteristic of low stratus clouds. Cloud contamination can be reduced to 0.2K, but not eliminated, by combining the spectral filter with a spatial coherence threshold, but the yield drops to 16,000 spectra per day. AIRS was launched in May 2002 on the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua satellite. Since September 2002 it has returned 4 million spectra of the globe each day. C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. RP Aumann, HH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1117/12.558829 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600031 ER PT J AU Lary, DJ AF Lary, David John TI Representativeness uncertainty in chemical data assimilation highlight mixing barriers SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation; Representativeness uncertainty; Mixing barriers AB When performing chemical data assimilation the observational, representativeness, and theoretical uncertainties have very different characteristics. In this study, we have accurately characterized the representativeness uncertainty by studying the probability distribution function (PDF) of the observations. The average deviation has been used as a measure of the width of the PDF and of the variability (representativeness uncertainty) for the grid cell. It turns out that for long-lived tracers such as N(2)O and CH(4) the representativeness uncertainty is markedly different from the observational uncertainty and clearly delineates mixing barriers such as the polar vortex edge, the tropical pipe and the tropopause. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal Meteorological Society. C1 [Lary, David John] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lary, David John] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Lary, David John] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. RP Lary, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 910-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.j.lary@gsfc.nasa.gov FU NASA; Royal Society; government of Israel; NERC; EU; ESA FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge: NASA for a distinguished Goddard Fellowship in Earth Science; The Royal Society for a Royal Society University Research Fellowship; The government of Israel for an Alon Fellowship; The NERC, EU, and ESA for research support; Simon Hall of Cambridge University who has provided such excellent computational support. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 5 IS 1-4 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.atmoscilet.2003.11.002 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V19WA UT WOS:000208101300004 ER PT J AU Brooks, KR Stone, LS AF Brooks, KR Stone, LS TI The perceived speed of 3-D motion defined by binocular cues SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ New S Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM k.brooks@unsw.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI CARLTON PA 1 GRATTAN STREET, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9530 J9 AUST J PSYCHOL JI Aust. J. Psychol. PY 2004 VL 56 SU S BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 893MM UT WOS:000226723400358 ER PT S AU Denney, E Fischer, B Schumann, J AF Denney, E Fischer, B Schumann, J BE Basin, D Rusinowitch, M TI Using automated theorem provers to certify auto-generated aerospace software SO AUTOMATED REASONING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning (IJCAR 2004) CY JUL 04-08, 2004 CL Cork, IRELAND SP Sci Fdn Ireland, Cork Constraint Computat Ctr, Univ Coll Cork ID SYSTEM AB We describe a system for the automated certification of safety properties of NASA software. The system uses Hoare-style program verification technology to generate proof obligations which are then processed by an automated first-order theorem prover (ATP). For full automation, however, the obligations must be aggressively preprocessed and simplified. We discuss the unique requirements this application places on the ATPs and demonstrate how the individual simplification stages, which are implemented by rewriting, influence the ability of the ATPs to solve the proof tasks. Our results are based on 13 certification experiments that lead to more than 25,000 proof tasks which have each been attempted by Vampire, Spass, and e-setheo. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM edenney@email.arc.nasa.gov; fisch@email.arc.nasa.gov; schumann@email.arc.nasa.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22345-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2004 VL 3097 BP 198 EP 212 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BAK73 UT WOS:000222645100012 ER PT S AU Artho, C Havelund, K Biere, A AF Artho, C Havelund, K Biere, A BE Wang, F TI Using block-local atomicity to detect stale-value concurrency errors SO AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGY FOR VERIFICATION AND ANALYSIS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Natl Sci Council, Minist Educ, Acad Sinica, Inst Informat Sci, Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Informat & Elect Technol, Natl Taiwan Univ, SOC Ctr, Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Elect Engn, Synopsys Inc ID PROGRAMS AB Data races do not cover all kinds of concurrency errors. This paper presents a data-flow-based technique to find stale-value errors, which are not found by low-level and high-level data race algorithms. Stale values denote copies of shared data where the copy is no longer synchronized. The algorithm to detect such values works as a consistency check that does not require any assumptions or annotations of the program. It has been implemented as a static analysis in JNuke. The analysis is sound and requires only a single execution trace if implemented as a run-time checking algorithm. Being based on an analysis of Java bytecode, it encompasses the full program semantics, including arbitrarily complex expressions. Related techniques are more complex and more prone to over-reporting. C1 ETH, Inst Comp Syst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Kestrel Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Artho, C (reprint author), ETH, Inst Comp Syst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-23610-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3299 BP 150 EP 164 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBF03 UT WOS:000225163400014 ER PT J AU Martin, DS Meck, JV AF Martin, DS Meck, JV TI Presyncopal/non-presyncopal outcomes of post spaceflight stand tests are consistent from flight to flight SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE orthostatic intolerance; astronauts; hemodynamics; cardiovascular ID ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE; ASTRONAUTS; HUMANS AB Introduction: The overall prevalence of orthostatic hypotension after short duration (6-18 d) spaceflight is 20% with existing countermeasures. However, it is not known if the outcomes of stand tests for orthostatic tolerance are consistent within individuals on subsequent flights, or if first time fliers are more (or less) likely to experience orthostatic hypotension and presyncope than are veteran astronauts. Methods: There were 50 astronauts who were studied retrospectively Stand test data, which had been collected before and after spaceflight, were compared from at least two flights for each astronaut. For 25 of these astronauts, their first flight in this database was also their first spaceflight. For the remaining 25, their first flight in this database was their second, third, or fourth flight, as data were available. Results: No subject became presyncopal during preflight testing. Of the 50 subjects, 45 (90%) had the same outcome on their first and second flights of this study. Of 14 subjects on whom we had data from a third mission, 12 had the same stand test outcome on all 3 flights (86% same outcome across 3 flights). There was no correlation between flight duration and orthostatic tolerance (r = 0.39). Discussion: These data support the idea that astronauts are predisposed to orthostatic tolerance/intolerance after spaceflight and that this predisposition is not altered by subsequent flights. Flight durations within this data set did not alter the likelihood of orthostatic intolerance and rookie fliers were no more likely to experience orthostatic intolerance than were veteran astronauts. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Cardiovasc Lab, SK, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Wyle Life Sci Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Off, Houston, TX USA. RP Meck, JV (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Cardiovasc Lab, SK, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM jmeck@ems.jsc.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 1 BP 65 EP 67 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 760UH UT WOS:000187853200010 PM 14736135 ER PT B AU Venkateswaran, K Nealson, K AF Venkateswaran, K. Nealson, K. GP Australasian Inst Mining & Metallurgy TI Limits of life - Special reference to the microbial diversity of spacecraft and their survival capabilities under martian environmental conditions SO Bac-Min 2004 Conference, Proceedings SE AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGY PUBLICATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bac-Min 2004 Conference CY NOV 08-10, 2004 CL Bendigo, AUSTRALIA SP Sci Appl Int Corp, Pintall Syst Inc, Newmont, RIO TINTO, Aminya Lab, AKER KVAERNER C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Biotechnol & Planetary Protect Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Venkateswaran, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Biotechnol & Planetary Protect Grp, 89-2,Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALASIAN INST MINING & METALLURGY PI PARKVILLE VICTORIA PA CLUNIES ROSS HOUSE 191 ROYAL PARADE, PARKVILLE VICTORIA, 3052, AUSTRALIA BN 1-920806-20-2 J9 AUSTRALAS I MIN MET PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 6 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BEO10 UT WOS:000238389100003 ER PT J AU Werner, N in't Zand, JJM Natalucci, L Markwardt, CB Cornelisse, R Bazzano, A Cocchi, M Heise, J Ubertini, P AF Werner, N in't Zand, JJM Natalucci, L Markwardt, CB Cornelisse, R Bazzano, A Cocchi, M Heise, J Ubertini, P TI The transition from outburst to low level activity in the low-mass X-ray binary SAX J1747.0-2853 SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Active Stars and Interacting Binaries CY AUG 29-30, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE accretion disks; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : bursts; X-rays : individual : SAX J1747.0-2853 ID BURSTER AB SAX J1747.0-2853 is an X-ray transient which exhibited several outbursts between 1998 and 2001 and most probably in 1976. The outburst of 2000 was the longest and brightest. We have analyzed X-ray data sets that focus on times around the 2000 outburst and were obtained with BeppoSAX, XMM-Newton and RXTE. C1 Safarik Univ, Fac Sci, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale, I-00133 Rome, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Werner, N (reprint author), Safarik Univ, Fac Sci, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 814AA UT WOS:000220946400022 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, M Kawai, N Yoshida, A Tamagawa, T Torii, K Shirasaki, Y Ricker, G Doty, J Vanderspek, R Crew, G Villasenor, J Atteia, JL Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Lamb, DQ Graziani, C Hurley, K Jernigan, JG Woosley, S Martel, F Prigozhin, G Olive, JF Dezalay, JP Boer, M Cline, T Braga, J Manchanda, R Pizzichini, G Levine, A Morgan, E Butler, N Sakamoto, T Urata, Y Suzuki, M Sato, R Nakagawa, Y Takagishi, K Yamauchi, M Hatsukade, I AF Matsuoka, M Kawai, N Yoshida, A Tamagawa, T Torii, K Shirasaki, Y Ricker, G Doty, J Vanderspek, R Crew, G Villasenor, J Atteia, JL Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Lamb, DQ Graziani, C Hurley, K Jernigan, JG Woosley, S Martel, F Prigozhin, G Olive, JF Dezalay, JP Boer, M Cline, T Braga, J Manchanda, R Pizzichini, G Levine, A Morgan, E Butler, N Sakamoto, T Urata, Y Suzuki, M Sato, R Nakagawa, Y Takagishi, K Yamauchi, M Hatsukade, I TI The gamma-ray burst alert system and the results of HETE-2 SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint European and National Astronomical Meeting (JENAM 2003) CY AUG 25-30, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE gamma-rays : bursts; X-rays : flashes; stars : supernovae ID 25 APRIL 1998; SUPERNOVA; PERFORMANCE; DISCOVERY AB HETE-2 (High Energy Transient Explorer Satellite 2) is a small Explorer-class satellite designed to detect gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), localize them in real time and distribute the burst coordinates to ground observers within minutes of burst detection. As of August 2003, HETE-2 had localized 47 GRBs, and 19 localizations had led to the detection of X-ray, optical or radio afterglows. The prompt position alert enables researchers to probe the nature of so-called "dark bursts" - GRBs for which no optical afterglow has been found despite accurate localizations. Bursts localized by HETE-2 can be observed more promptly, when the afterglow is intrinsically brighter; thus, afterglows can be detected for bursts which would have otherwise been considered as "dark". In one case of a "dark" burst observed by HETE-2, the optical afterglow was found to be intrinsically faint, and its flux declined rapidly. In another case, the optical emission was likely extinguished by the dust in the vicinity of the GRB source. X-ray rich GRBs or X-ray flashes (XRFs) are found to have many properties in common with classical GRBs, suggesting that they are a single phenomenon. However, optical identification of XRFs has been difficult, perhaps because the counterparts are intrinsically faint; prompt localizations from HETE-2 will help observers identify optical counterparts to XRFs. The bright afterglows of GRB 021004 and GRB 030329 were observed in unprecedented detail by telescopes around the world; GRB 030329 was subsequently identified with SN 2003dh, a Type Ic supernova. Consequently, strong evidence for the connection of long GRBs with core-collapsed supernovae was found. C1 Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. Inst Phys & Chem Res, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87645 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, SSL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, CESR, F-31028 Toulouse, France. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. INPE, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm TESRE, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Miyazaki Univ, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. RP Matsuoka, M (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. OI Boer, Michel/0000-0001-9157-4349 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822TU UT WOS:000221564000005 ER PT J AU Hakkila, J Giblin, TW Roiger, RJ Haglin, DJ Paciesas, WS Meegan, CA AF Hakkila, J Giblin, TW Roiger, RJ Haglin, DJ Paciesas, WS Meegan, CA TI Subgroups of gamma-ray bursts SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint European and National Astronomical Meeting (JENAM 2003) CY AUG 25-30, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE gamma-rays : bursts; methods : statistical ID DURATION; CLASSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We review GRB classification using statistical clustering and data mining techniques. These techniques generally indicate that more than two GRB subgroups exist. The number of subgroups discovered depends on the database size, classification algorithm(s) used, choice of data attributes and way in which measurement errors are treated in the analysis. We search for physical explanations of the discovered subgroups, then indicate possible directions that might be taken by the rapidly-evolving field of statistical and computational GRB classification. C1 Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. Minnesota State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. NASA MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hakkila, J (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822TU UT WOS:000221564000007 ER PT J AU Norris, JP AF Norris, JP TI Gamma-ray bursts and cosmology SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint European and National Astronomical Meeting (JENAM 2003) CY AUG 25-30, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE gamma-ray bursts; cosmology; star formation ID HIGH-REDSHIFT UNIVERSE; PEAK LUMINOSITY; STAR-FORMATION AB The unrivalled, extreme luminosities of gamma-ray bursts (GRBS) make them the favored beacons for sampling the high redshift Universe. To employ GRBs to study the cosmic terrain, e.g., star and galaxy formation history, GRB luminosities must be calibrated and the luminosity function versus redshift must be measured or inferred. Several nascent relationships between gamma-ray temporal or spectral indicators and luminosity or total energy have been reported. These measures promise to further our understanding of GRBs once the connections between the luminosity indicators and GRB jets and emission mechanisms are better elucidated. The current distribution of 33 redshifts determined from host galaxies and afterglow peaks near zsimilar to1, whereas for the full BATSE sample of long bursts, the lag-luminosity relation predicts a broad peak zsimilar to1-4 with a tail to zsimilar to20, in rough agreement with theoretical models based on star formation considerations. For some GRB subclasses and apparently related phenomena - short bursts, long-lag bursts and X-ray flashes - the present information on their redshift distributions is sparse or entirely lacking, and progress is expected in Swift era when prompt alerts become numerous. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab High Energy Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Norris, JP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab High Energy Astrophys, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 221 EP 226 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822TU UT WOS:000221564000009 ER PT J AU Fenimore, EE McLean, K Palmer, D Barthelmy, S Gehrels, N Krimm, H Markwardt, C Parsons, A Tueller, J AF Fenimore, EE McLean, K Palmer, D Barthelmy, S Gehrels, N Krimm, H Markwardt, C Parsons, A Tueller, J TI Swift's ability to detect gamma-ray bursts SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint European and National Astronomical Meeting (JENAM 2003) CY AUG 25-30, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE gamma-rays : bursts; observatories : Swift AB The Swift satellite will be a self-contained observatory that will bring new capabilities to the observing of the early afterglow emission of gamma-ray bursts. Swift is completely autonomous and will do all observations without help from the ground. There are three instruments on Swift. A large (5200 cm(2)) coded aperture imager will locate the bursts within about 15 seconds. The satellite will be able to slew to point at the location within a minute or two. There are two narrow field of view instruments: an optical telescope and an X-ray telescope. Thus, Swift will provide simultaneous gamma-ray, X-ray and optical observations of gamma-ray bursts soon after the burst. A key to the success of Swift will be its ability to detect and locate a large number of gamma-ray bursts quick enough that the narrow field of view instruments can follow up. The results of simulations show that Swift will be able to detect about 300 bursts a year and locate about 150. The number that Swift will be able to slew to depends on constraints built into the satellite bus. Preliminary results indicate that we might be able to slew to 100 bursts per year, but that is heavily dependent on satellite operations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Fenimore, EE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 301 EP 306 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822TU UT WOS:000221564000025 ER PT J AU Lichti, GG Briggs, M Diehl, R Fishman, G Greiner, J Kippen, RM Kouveliotou, C Meegan, C Paciesas, W Preece, R Schonfelder, V von Kienlin, A AF Lichti, GG Briggs, M Diehl, R Fishman, G Greiner, J Kippen, RM Kouveliotou, C Meegan, C Paciesas, W Preece, R Schonfelder, V von Kienlin, A TI Measurements of gamma-ray bursts with GLAST SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint European and National Astronomical Meeting (JENAM 2003) CY AUG 25-30, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE instruments; GLAST space mission; gamma-rays : bursts ID MODELS AB One of the scientific goals of the main instrument of GLAST is the study of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the energy range from similar to20 MeV to similar to300 GeV. In order to extend the energy measurement towards lower energies, a secondary instrument, the GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM), will measure GRBs from similar to10 keV to similar to25 MeV and will therefore allow the investigation of the relation between the keV and the MeV-GeV emission from GRBs over six energy decades. These unprecedented measurements will permit the exploration of the unknown aspects of the high-energy burst emission and the investigation of their connection with the well-studied low-energy emission. They will also provide new insights into the physics of GRBs in general. In addition, the excellent localization of GRBs by the Large-Area Telescope will stimulate follow-up observations at other wavelengths which may yield clues about the nature of the burst sources. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lichti, GG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. OI Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822TU UT WOS:000221564000027 ER PT S AU Jalobeanu, A AF Jalobeanu, A BE Fischer, R Preuss, R VonToussaint, U TI Bayesian vision for shape recovery SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Garching, GERMANY SP Boise State Univ, Edwin T Jaynes Int Ctr Bayesian Methods & Maximum Entropy, Ctr Interdisciplinary Plasma Sci HO Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys AB We present a new Bayesian vision technique that aims at recovering a shape from two or more noisy observations taken under similar lighting conditions. The shape is parametrized by a piecewise linear height field, textured by a piecewise linear irradiance field, and we assume Gaussian Markovian priors for both shape vertices and irradiance variables. The modeled observation process, equivalent to rendering, is modeled by a non-affine projection (e.g. perspective projection) followed by a convolution with a piecewise linear point spread function, and contamination by additive Gaussian noise. We assume that the observation parameters are calibrated beforehand. The major novelty of the proposed method consists of marginalizing out the irradiances considered as nuisance parameters, which is achieved by a hierarchy of approximations. This reduces the inference to minimizing an energy that only depends on the shape vertices, and therefore allows an efficient Iterated Conditional Mode (ICM) optimization scheme to be implemented. A Gaussian approximation of the posterior shape density is computed, thus providing estimates of both the geometry and its uncertainty. We illustrate the effectiveness of the new method by shape reconstruction results in a 2D case. A 3D version is currently under development and aims at recovering a surface from multiple images, reconstructing the topography by marginalizing out both albedo and shading. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, RIACA,Bayesian Vis Grp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Jalobeanu, A (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, RIACA,Bayesian Vis Grp, MS 269-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0217-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 735 BP 143 EP 152 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BBJ28 UT WOS:000225765400017 ER PT S AU Kuehnel, FO AF Kuehnel, FO BE Fischer, R Preuss, R VonToussaint, U TI Robust Bayesian estimation of nonlinear parameters on SE(3) Lie group SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Garching, GERMANY SP Boise State Univ, Edwin T Jaynes Int Ctr Bayesian Methods & Maximum Entropy, Ctr Interdisciplinary Plasma Sci HO Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys AB The basic challenge in autonomous robotic exploration is to safely interact with natural environments. An essential part of that challenge is 3D map building. In robotics research this problem is addressed as Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). In computer vision it is termed structure from motion (SFM). The common underlying problem is the accurate estimation of the camera pose. Uncertainty information about the pose estimates is essential for a recursive inference scheme. We show that the pose parametrization plays an important role for the finite parametric representation. In the case of sparse observations (weak evidence) the full exponential Lie Cartan coordinates of 1.st kind are most suitable, when assuming a Gaussian noise model on the measurements. Further, we address the pose estimation from a sequence of images and introduce the marginalized MAP estimator, which is numerically more stable and efficient than the joint estimate (bundle-adjustment) used in computer vision. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kuehnel, FO (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, RIACS, MS 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0217-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 735 BP 176 EP 186 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BBJ28 UT WOS:000225765400021 ER PT S AU Schumann, J Gupta, P AF Schumann, J Gupta, P BE Fischer, R Preuss, R VonToussaint, U TI Monitoring the performance of a neuro-adaptive controller SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Garching, GERMANY SP Boise State Univ, Edwin T Jaynes Int Ctr Bayesian Methods & Maximum Entropy, Ctr Interdisciplinary Plasma Sci HO Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys AB We present a tool to estimate the performance of the neural network in a neural network based adaptive controller. Using a Bayesian approach, this tool supports verification and validation of the adaptive controller as well as on-line monitoring. In this paper, we discuss our approach and present simulation results using the adaptive controller developed for NASA's IFCS (intelligent Flight Control System) project. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Schumann, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0217-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 735 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BBJ28 UT WOS:000225765400034 ER PT S AU Cheeseman, P Stutz, J AF Cheeseman, P Stutz, J BE Fischer, R Preuss, R VonToussaint, U TI On the relationship between Bayesian and maximum entropy inference SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Garching, GERMANY SP Boise State Univ, Edwin T Jaynes Int Ctr Bayesian Methods & Maximum Entropy, Ctr Interdisciplinary Plasma Sci HO Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys AB We investigate Bayesian and Maximum Entropy methods for doing inference under uncertainty. This investigation is primarily through concrete examples that have been previously investigated in the literature. We find that it is possible to do Bayesian and MaxEnt inference using the same information, despite claims to the contrary, and that they lead to different results. We find that these differences are due to the Bayesian inference not assuming anything beyond the given prior probabilities and the data, whereas MaxEnt implicitly makes strong independence assumptions, and assumes that the given constraints are the only ones operating. We also show that maximum likelihood and maximum a posteriori estimators give different and misleading estimates in our examples compared to posterior mean estimates. We generalize the classic method of maximum entropy inference to allow for uncertainty in the constraint values. This generalized MaxEnt (GME) makes MaxEnt inference applicable to a much wider range of problems, and makes direct comparison between Bayesian and MaxEnt inference possible. Also, we show that MaxEnt is a generalized principle of independence, and this property is what makes it the preferred inference method in many cases. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Cheeseman, P (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0217-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 735 BP 445 EP 461 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BBJ28 UT WOS:000225765400052 ER PT S AU Knuth, KH AF Knuth, KH BE Fischer, R Preuss, R VonToussaint, U TI Measuring questions: Relevance and its relation to entropy SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Garching, GERMANY SP Boise State Univ, Edwin T Jaynes Int Ctr Bayesian Methods & Maximum Entropy, Ctr Interdisciplinary Plasma Sci HO Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys AB The Boolean lattice of logical statements induces the free distributive lattice of questions. Inclusion on this lattice is based on whether one question answers another. Generalizing the zeta function of the question lattice leads to a valuation called relevance or hearing, which is a measure of the degree to which one question answers another. Richard Cox conjectured that this degree can be expressed as a generalized entropy. With the assistance of yet another important result from Janos Aczel, I show that this is indeed the case, and that the resulting inquiry calculus is a natural generalization of information theory. This approach provides a new perspective on the Principle of Maximum Entropy. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Comp Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Knuth, KH (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Comp Sci, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0217-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 735 BP 517 EP 524 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BBJ28 UT WOS:000225765400060 ER PT S AU Knuth, KH AF Knuth, KH BE Erickson, G Zhai, Y TI Deriving laws from ordering relations SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY AUG 03-08, 2003 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP Boise State Univ, Edwin T Jaynes Int Ctr Bayesian Methods & Maximum Entropy ID PROBABILITIES; INFORMATION; GEOMETRY; ALGEBRA AB The effect of Richard T. Cox's contribution to probability theory was to generalize Boolean implication among logical statements to degrees of implication, which are manipulated using rules derived from consistency with Boolean algebra. These rules are known as the sum rule, the product rule and Bayes' Theorem, and the measure resulting from this generalization is probability. In this paper, I will describe how Cox's technique can be further generalized to include other algebras and hence other problems in science and mathematics. The result is a methodology that can be used to generalize an algebra to a calculus by relying on consistency with order theory to derive the laws of the calculus. My goals are to clear up the mysteries as to why the same basic structure found in probability theory appears in other contexts, to better understand the foundations of probability theory, and to extend these ideas to other areas by developing new mathematics and new physics. The relevance of this methodology will be demonstrated using examples from probability theory, number theory, geometry, information theory, and quantum mechanics. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Computat Sci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Knuth, KH (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Computat Sci Div, M-S 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0182-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 707 BP 204 EP 235 PG 32 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA BAE47 UT WOS:000221851000017 ER PT S AU Morris, RD Cohen-Tanugi, J AF Morris, RD Cohen-Tanugi, J BE Erickson, G Zhai, Y TI An analysis methodology for the gamma-ray large area space telescope SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY AUG 03-08, 2003 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP Boise State Univ, Edwin T Jaynes Int Ctr Bayesian Methods & Maximum Entropy AB The Large Area Telescope (LAT) instrument on the Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) has been designed to detect high-energy gamma rays and determine their direction of incidence and energy. We propose a reconstruction algorithm based on recent advances in statistical methodology. This method, alternative to the standard event analysis inherited from high energy collider physics experiments, incorporates more accurately the physical processes occurring in the detector, and makes full use of the statistical information available. It could thus provide a better estimate of the direction and energy of the primary photon. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Morris, RD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, MS 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0182-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 707 BP 267 EP 275 PG 9 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA BAE47 UT WOS:000221851000020 ER PT S AU Fischer, B Hajian, A Knuth, K Schumann, J AF Fischer, B Hajian, A Knuth, K Schumann, J BE Erickson, G Zhai, Y TI Automatic derivation of statistical data analysis algorithms: Planetary nebulae and beyond SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY AUG 03-08, 2003 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP Boise State Univ, Edwin T Jaynes Int Ctr Bayesian Methods & Maximum Entropy AB AUTOBAYES is a fully automatic program synthesis system for the data analysis domain. Its input is a declarative problem description in form of a statistical model; its output is documented and optimized C/C++ code. The synthesis process relies on the combination of three key techniques. Bayesian networks are used as a compact internal representation mechanism which enables problem decompositions and guides the algorithm derivation. Program schemas are used as independently composable building blocks for the algorithm construction; they can encapsulate advanced algorithms and data structures. A symbolic-algebraic system is used to find closed-form solutions for problems and emerging subproblems. In this paper, we describe the application of AUTOBAYES to the analysis of planetary nebulae images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. We explain the system architecture, and present in detail the automatic derivation of the scientists' original analysis [1] as well as a refined analysis using clustering models. This study demonstrates that AUTOBAYES is now mature enough so that it can be applied to realistic scientific data analysis tasks. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Comp Sci Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0182-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 707 BP 276 EP 291 PG 16 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA BAE47 UT WOS:000221851000021 ER PT S AU Blumberg, BS AF Blumberg, BS BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Astrobiology: Process and discovery SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union C1 NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Blumberg, BS (reprint author), NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000001 ER PT S AU Farrell, WM Lazio, TJW Desch, MD Bastian, TS Zarka, P AF Farrell, WM Lazio, TJW Desch, MD Bastian, TS Zarka, P BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Radio emission from extrasolar planets SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union AB By virtue of their planetary-scale magnetic fields, the Earth and all of the gas giants in our solar system possess solar-wind deformed magnetospheres. The magnetic polar regions of these "magnetic planets" produce intense, aurora-related radio emission from solar-wind powered electron currents. Simple scaling laws suggest that Jovian-mass planets close to their host stars should produce radio emission; detecting such emission would be the first direct detection of many of these planets. We describe searches using the Very Large Array (VLA) for radio emission from the planets orbiting HD 114762, 70 Vir, and tau Boo. Our limits are just above those predicted for the planetary emissions. We discuss the possibilities for more stringent limits and the implications that the existing observations have for the planets' radio emissions, and hence on the planetary magnetic fields and stellar wind environments. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Farrell, WM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM william.m.farrell@gsfc.nasa.gov; Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; michael.desch@gsfc.nasa.gov; tbastian@nrao.edu; Philippe.Zarka@obspm.fr RI Farrell, William/I-4865-2013 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000012 ER PT S AU Koch, D AF Koch, D BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI A model for estimating the number of stars for which terrestrial planets can be detected using transits SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union AB Borucki & Summers (1984) have suggested that extrasolar terrestrial planets can be detected by looking for transits. A discussion is presented of a model used to estimate the number and distance of stars for which planets can be detected as a function of spectral type and luminosity class, apparent brightness, planetary size and orbit, and realistic noise sources that must be considered. A choice for an optimum location of the field to search is described given the realistic constraints of a space mission and maximizing the number of available stars. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Koch, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000015 ER PT S AU Caldwell, DA Borucki, WJ Showen, RL Jenkins, JM Doyle, L Ninkov, Z Ashley, M AF Caldwell, DA Borucki, WJ Showen, RL Jenkins, JM Doyle, L Ninkov, Z Ashley, M BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Detecting extrasolar planet transits from the South Pole SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union AB We have developed and tested a wide-field photometer to detect extrasolar planet transits from the South Pole. The discovery of transiting planets for which masses can be measured by radial velocity is vital to constrain the models of planet formation and evolution. Short of going to space, the South Pole is the best site from which to carry out a such a survey. Based on results from the Doppler velocity surveys and the Vulcan transit search, we expect to detect 10 to 15 transiting planets in two years of operation at the South Pole. C1 SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ New S Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. RP Caldwell, DA (reprint author), SETI Inst, 2035 Landings Dr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000017 ER PT S AU Meadows, V Crisp, D AF Meadows, V Crisp, D BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI The Virtual Planetary Laboratory: Towards characterization of extrasolar terrestrial planets SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union ID THERMAL STRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION; SURFACE AB NASA and ESA are currently undertaking mission studies for space-based observatories designed to search for life on other worlds. To optimize the designs of these missions, and to ultimately interpret the data sent back by them, we need to recognize habitable worlds and to discriminate between planets with and without life based only on remotely-sensed information. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics we would look for on an extrasolar terrestrial planet that might indicate habitability or the presence of life. It also describes a new NASA Astrobiology Institute research project to develop an innovative suite of modeling tools to simulate the environments and spectra of extrasolar planets. These modeling tools will constitute a Virtual Planetary Laboratory, which will be used to explore the plausible range of atmospheric compositions and globally-averaged spectra for early Earth and for plausible terrestrial planets both with and without life. Products of this research will provide an improved basis for recommending spacecraft and instrument characteristics, as well as search strategies required to remotely sense the signs of life in the atmosphere or on the surface of another world. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Meadows, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000025 ER PT S AU Kuan, YJ Huang, HC Charnley, SB Tseng, WL Snyder, LE Ehrenfreund, P Kisiel, Z Thorwirth, S Bohn, RK Wilson, TL AF Kuan, YJ Huang, HC Charnley, SB Tseng, WL Snyder, LE Ehrenfreund, P Kisiel, Z Thorwirth, S Bohn, RK Wilson, TL BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Prebiologically important interstellar molecules SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union AB Understanding the organic chemistry of molecular clouds, particularly the formation of biologically important molecules, is fundamental to the study of the processes which lead to the origin, evolution and distribution of life in the Galaxy. Determining the level of molecular complexity attainable in the clouds, and the nature of the complex organic material available to protostellar disks and the planetary systems that form from them, requires an understanding of the possible chemical pathways and is therefore a central question in astrochemistry. We have thus searched for prebiologically important molecules in the hot molecular cloud cores: Sgr B2(N-LMH), W51 e1/e2 and Orion-KL. Among the molecules searched: Pyrimidine is the unsubstituted ring analogue for three of the DNA and RNA bases. 2H-Azirine and Aziridine are azaheterocyclic compounds. And Glycine is the simplest amino acid. Detections of these interstellar organic molecular species will thus have important implications for Astrobiology. Our preliminary results indicate a tentative detection of interstellar glycine. If confirmed, this will be the first detection of an amino acid in interstellar space and will greatly strengthen the thesis that interstellar organic molecules could have played a pivotal role in the prebiotic chemistry of the early Earth. C1 Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Leiden Observ, Sackler Lab Astrophys, Leiden, Netherlands. Polish Acad Sci, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. RP Kuan, YJ (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. RI Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011; Charnley, Steven/C-9538-2012; Kisiel, Zbigniew/K-8798-2016 OI Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710; Kisiel, Zbigniew/0000-0002-2570-3154 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 185 EP 188 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000036 ER PT S AU Chiar, JE Tielens, AGGM Peeters, E AF Chiar, JE Tielens, AGGM Peeters, E BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Circumstellar carbonaceous material associated with late-type dusty WC Wolf-Rayet stars SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union ID SPECTRUM AB Our own solar system and other planetary systems are composed of organic dust created in the outflows in dying stars. Here, we examine an unlikely source of carbonaceous material in interstellar space, the harsh environment of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars. We have used spectroscopic data from the Short Wavelength Spectrometer on the Infrared Space Observatory to examine infrared emission and absorption features in the 6 to 9 pm spectral region of hot massive WC-type WR stars. We conclude that these features are due to amorphous carbon dust in their circumstellar environment. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SRON, Kapteyn Astron Inst, Groningen, Netherlands. RP Chiar, JE (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 193 EP 196 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000038 ER PT S AU Gibson, EK Thomas-Keprta, KL Clemett, SJ McKay, DS Romanek, C Wentworth, SJ AF Gibson, EK Thomas-Keprta, KL Clemett, SJ McKay, DS Romanek, C Wentworth, SJ BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Evidence for past life on early Mars: How the evidence stands SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union ID MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; ALLAN HILLS 84001; MAGNETITE CRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE ORIGIN; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; CARBONATE; MAGNETOFOSSILS; MINERALS; NAKHLA AB Martian Meteorite ALH84001 contains four unusual features which have been interpreted as possible signatures of relic biogenic activity. After six years of intense study by the world's scientific community, the current status of the biogenic hypothesis is reviewed and shown to still be valid. Furthermore additional features have been observed in two younger Martian meteorites. The strongest argument for possible evidence of biogenic activity within the ALH84001 meteorite is the presence of truncated hexa-octahedral magnetite crystals which are only known on Earth to be the products of biology. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Lockheed Martin Space Operat, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Gibson, EK (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off, Mail Code SR, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000040 ER PT S AU Flynn, GJ Keller, LP Jacobsen, C Wirick, S AF Flynn, GJ Keller, LP Jacobsen, C Wirick, S BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI The origin of organic matter in the solar system: Evidence from the interplanetary dust particles SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union AB Interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), similar to10mum particles from comets and asteroids, have been collected by NASA from the Earth's stratosphere. We compared carbon X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectra of anhydrous and hydrated interplanetary dust particles and found that anhydrous and hydrated IDPs have similar types and abundances of organic carbon. This is different from results on meteorites, which show that hydrated carbonaceous meteorites contain abundant organic matter, while anhydrous carbonaceous meteorites contain less carbon mostly in elemental form. But all anhydrous carbonaceous meteorites are depleted in moderately volatile and volatile elements in a pattern that suggested they experienced temperatures in excess of 1200degreesC, a temperature sufficient to destroy any organic matter they originally contained, while many anhydrous IDPs show no evidence of severe heating. These IDP results indicate that the bulk of the pre-biotic organic matter in extraterrestrial materials formed before aqueous processing, possibly by irradiation of C-bearing ices or by a Fisher-Tropsch type process operating in the gas phase of the nebula or in the interstellar medium. C1 SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77051 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Flynn, GJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, 101 Broad St, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. RI Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Norris, Ray/A-1316-2008 OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Norris, Ray/0000-0002-4597-1906 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000052 ER PT S AU Storrie-Lombardi, MC Tsapin, AI McDonald, GD Coleman, ML Meadows, VS AF Storrie-Lombardi, MC Tsapin, AI McDonald, GD Coleman, ML Meadows, VS BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Photosynthetic constraints on the Habitable Zone SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union AB The search for extraterrestrial habitable planets will require long observation times and the intelligent selection of appropriate parent stars and target biosignatures. While life can certainly develop in the absence of photosynthesis, such life forms on earth exhibit metabolic rates several orders of magnitude less than the activity accompanying a photosynthetic-driven ecosystem. The most accessible spectral biosignatures are those accompanying a system driven away from thermodynamic equilibrium by photosynthetic activity. For example, the co-existence in a planetary atmosphere of significant amounts of ozone, oxygen, and methane would be a strong indication of biotic activity. Investigating the issue of the Habitable Zone from the standpoint of the constraints inherent in photosynthesis it appears that the absorption characteristics of photosynthetic microorganisms on this planet make it likely that photosynthetic activity can exist on planets orbiting stars to red-ward of the Sun on the H-R diagram. Such a possibility is encouraging for terrestrial planet finder efforts since stars classified red-ward of our sun (G3 to K7) account for more than 55% of our nearest neighbors. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Kinohi Inst, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Storrie-Lombardi, MC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 183-301, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Coleman, Max/A-1303-2007 OI Coleman, Max/0000-0002-5514-1826 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 309 EP 314 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000058 ER PT S AU Tsapin, A McDonald, GD AF Tsapin, A McDonald, GD BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Terrestrial permafrost as a model environment for bioastronomy SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union ID SIBERIAN PERMAFROST; BACTERIA; EARTH; MARS AB The extent to which organisms can survive extended periods of metabolic inactivity in cold environments such as permafrost is one of the key questions in the study of life in extreme environments and for astrobiology. Viable bacteria have been cultured from million year-old Siberian permafrost samples, but the relationship between the age of the bacteria and the age of the sediments remains controversial. In this study we analyze the level of racemization of amino acids in permafrost samples collected from several sites in Northern Siberia. We have shown that even during long exposures to low temperatures (-10degreesC to -15degreesC), the bacterial cells in permafrost are not completely dormant, but continue to metabolize and at least partially control the extent of amino acid racemization. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tsapin, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tsapin@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 359 EP 362 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000066 ER PT S AU Kral, TA Bekkum, CR McKay, CP AF Kral, TA Bekkum, CR McKay, CP BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Growth of methanogens on a Mars soil simulant under simulated martian conditions SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union ID LIFE; ECOSYSTEMS; SEARCH AB Due to the hostile conditions at the surface, any life forms existing on Mars today would most likely inhabit a subsurface environment where conditions are potentially wetter and warmer, but organic compounds may be lacking and light energy for photosynthesis would be absent. Methanogens, members of the domain Archaea, are microorganisms from planet Earth that can grow under these relatively extreme conditions. We have demonstrated that certain methanogenic species can indeed grow on a Mars soil simulant, JSC Mars-1, with limited amounts of water, under conditions approaching a possible subsurface environment on Mars. C1 Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Oklahoma Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kral, TA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Oklahoma Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, SCIE-416, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 389 EP 393 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000071 ER PT S AU Rampino, MR AF Rampino, MR BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Super-eruptions and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union ID VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; TOBA; CLIMATE; CONSEQUENCES; PREDICTION; ASTEROIDS; IMPACTS; WINTER; COMETS; EARTH AB Volcanic super-eruptions that produce >1000 km(3) of ejected material and greater than or equal to1000 Mt (10(15)g) of stratospheric aerosols and sub-micron dust may be capable of creating global climatic disturbances sufficient to cause a severe setback or crash of modern civilization. Eruptions of similar magnitude are estimated to occur on average about every 50 000 to 100 000 years, which may be considerably more frequent than impacts by asteroids and comets that could cause similar climatic disasters. Prediction, prevention, and mitigation of global volcanic climatic disasters are potentially more difficult than planetary protection from large impactors, so that volcanism might provide an ultimate limit on the longevity of technological civilizations. If the lifetime of technological civilizations were limited to less than 50 000 years by volcanism, then the number of communicative civilizations in the Galaxy might be less than 1 per 10 million stars. Thus, super-eruptions on geologically active, habitable planets may strongly affect the prospects in radio telescopic SETI. C1 NYU, Earth & Environm Sci Program, New York, NY 10003 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Rampino, MR (reprint author), NYU, Earth & Environm Sci Program, 100 Washington Sq E, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 439 EP 444 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000080 ER PT S AU Beichman, CA AF Beichman, CA BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Captain Cook, the terrestrial planet finder and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union AB Over two hundred years ago Capt. James Cook sailed up Whitsunday Passage, just a few miles from where we now sit, on a voyage of astronomical observation and discovery that remains an inspiration to us all. Since the prospects of our visiting planets beyond our solar system are slim, we will have to content ourselves with searching for life using remote sensing, not sailing ships. Fortunately, a recently completed NASA study has concluded that a Terrestrial Planet Finder could be launched within a decade to detect terrestrial planets around nearby stars. A visible light coronagraph using an 8-10 m telescope, or an infrared nulling interferometer, operated on either a similar to40 m structure or separated spacecraft, could survey over 150 stars, looking for habitable planets and signs of primitive life. Such a mission, complemented by projects (Kepler and Eddington) that will provide statistical information on the frequency of Earth-sized planets in the habitable zone, will determine key terms in the "Drake equation" that describes the number of intelligent civilizations in the Galaxy. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Beichman, CA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 451 EP 459 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000082 ER PT S AU Hanser, SF Doyle, LR McCowan, B Jenkins, JM AF Hanser, SF Doyle, LR McCowan, B Jenkins, JM BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Information theory applied to animal communication systems and its possible application to SETI SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union ID REPERTOIRES; COMPLEXITY AB Information theory, as first introduced by Claude Shannon (Shannon & Weaver 1949) quantitatively evaluates the organizational complexity of communication systems. At the same time George Zipf was examining linguistic structure in a way that was mathematically similar to the components of the Shannon first-order entropy (Zipf 1949). Both Shannon's and Zipf's mathematical procedures have been applied to animal communication and recently have been providing insightful results. The Zipf plot is a useful tool for a first estimate of the characterization of a communication system's complexity (which can later be examined for complex structure at deeper levels using Shannon entropic analysis). In this paper we shall discuss some of the applications and pitfalls of using the Zipf distribution as a preliminary evaluator of the communication complexity of a signaling system. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ecol Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hanser, SF (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ecol Grad Grp, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 514 EP 518 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000093 ER PT S AU Fisher, J Tarter, J DeVore, E Pendleton, Y O'Sullivan, K Burke, M AF Fisher, J Tarter, J DeVore, E Pendleton, Y O'Sullivan, K Burke, M BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Voyages through time: Everything evolves SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union AB The SETI Institute, the California Academy of Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, and San Francisco State University have developed standards-based curriculum materials for a one-year high school integrated science course centered on the unifying theme of evolution. Scientists, teachers, curriculum writers, and media specialists are currently finalizing six modules that integrate astronomical, geological, and biological sciences as well as the history of science and technology. The sequence of lessons in each module is designed to promote students' understanding and skills as defined by the National Science Education Standards and Benchmarks for Science Literacy. The modules cover: Cosmic Evolution, Planetary Evolution, Origin of Life, Evolution of Life, Hominid Evolution, and the Evolution of Technology. The core lessons for all six modules are provided via CD-ROM, including instructional guidelines, science background information, and additional resources (print, audiovisual, software, WWW sites, and databases). These products will be published as a complete set for use as a yearlong science course and will also be available as individual modules for use in discipline-based courses. Evolutionary change is a powerful framework for studying our world and our place therein. It is a story of epic size, capable of inspiring awe and of expanding our sense of time and place. This story is the basis of Voyages Through Time. C1 SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Fisher, J (reprint author), SETI Inst, 2035 Landings Dr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 525 EP 530 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000095 ER PT S AU Laing, JH Clarke, J Deckert, J Gostin, V Hoogland, J Lemke, L Leyden, J Mann, G Murphy, G Stoker, C Thomas, M Waldie, J Walter, M West, M AF Laing, JH Clarke, J Deckert, J Gostin, V Hoogland, J Lemke, L Leyden, J Mann, G Murphy, G Stoker, C Thomas, M Waldie, J Walter, M West, M BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Using an Australian Mars Analogue Research facility for astrobiology, education and outreach SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union AB The Mars Society is an international private organisation advocating the exploration and settlement of Mars. Part of its mission involves selecting areas for Martian analogue research, to test hardware, technology, strategies and human factors relevant to sending people to Mars. Mars Society Australia has selected an area in the Arkaroola region in the Flinders Ranges as the site for the first Australian analogue facility. The facility will be an invaluable public education and outreach tool for Australian science, focusing on astrobiology, and its role in future human Mars missions; demonstrating Australian contributions to astrobiology related science and work on terrestrial analogues to Martian environments. C1 La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Geol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Geol, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Med, Bedford Pk, SA 5042, Australia. Murdoch Univ, Sch Informat Technol, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RMIT, Dept Aerosp Engn, Fishermans Bend, Vic, Australia. Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Aerosp Mech & Mechatron Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Laing, JH (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. RI West, Michael/C-1994-2008 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 553 EP 558 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000101 ER PT J AU Vercoutere, WA Solbrig, A DeGuzman, V Deamer, D Akeson, M AF Vercoutere, WA Solbrig, A DeGuzman, V Deamer, D Akeson, M TI Detection of strand cleavage and oxidation damage using model DNA molecules captured in a nanoscale pore SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Gravitat Res Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Biophys Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 327A EP 327A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201685 ER PT J AU Cozmuta, I O'Keeffe, JT Stolc, V AF Cozmuta, I O'Keeffe, JT Stolc, V TI Molecular dynamics approach to calculate alpha-hemolysin ion currents SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Eloret Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 351A EP 351A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201806 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Vercoutere, W DeGuzman, V Shugrue, W Winters-Hilt, S Deamer, DW Akeson, M AF Lee, CC Vercoutere, W DeGuzman, V Shugrue, W Winters-Hilt, S Deamer, DW Akeson, M TI A model for sequence-dependent gating of an ion channel by DNA hairpins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Biomol Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Res Inst Children, New Orleans, LA USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Santa Cruz, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 602A EP 603A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203113 ER PT J AU Pisani, D Poling, LL Lyons-Weiler, M Hedges, SB AF Pisani, Davide Poling, Laura L. Lyons-Weiler, Maureen Hedges, S. Blair TI The colonization of land by animals: molecular phylogeny and divergence times among arthropods SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: The earliest fossil evidence of terrestrial animal activity is from the Ordovician, similar to 450 million years ago (Ma). However, there are earlier animal fossils, and most molecular clocks suggest a deep origin of animal phyla in the Precambrian, leaving open the possibility that animals colonized land much earlier than the Ordovician. To further investigate the time of colonization of land by animals, we sequenced two nuclear genes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and enolase, in representative arthropods and conducted phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses of those and other available DNA and protein sequence data. To assess the robustness of animal molecular clocks, we estimated the deuterostome-arthropod divergence using the arthropod fossil record for calibration and tunicate instead of vertebrate sequences to represent Deuterostomia. Nine nuclear and 15 mitochondrial genes were used in phylogenetic analyses and 61 genes were used in molecular clock analyses. Results: Significant support was found for the unconventional pairing of myriapods (millipedes and centipedes) with chelicerates (spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, etc.) using nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Our estimated time for the divergence of millipedes (Diplopoda) and centipedes (Chilopoda) was 442 +/- 50 Ma, and the divergence of insects and crustaceans was estimated as 666 +/- 58 Ma. Our results also agree with previous studies suggesting a deep divergence (similar to 1100 - 900 Ma) for arthropods and deuterostomes, considerably predating the Cambrian Explosion seen in the animal fossil record. Conclusions: The consistent support for a close relationship between myriapods and chelicerates, using mitochondrial and nuclear genes and different methods of analysis, suggests that this unexpected result is not an artefact of analysis. We propose the name Myriochelata for this group of animals, which includes many that immobilize prey with venom. Our molecular clock analyses using arthropod fossil calibrations support earlier studies using vertebrate calibrations in finding that deuterostomes and arthropods diverged hundreds of millions of years before the Cambrian explosion. However, our molecular time estimate for the divergence of millipedes and centipedes is close to the divergence time inferred from fossils. This suggests that arthropods may have adapted to the terrestrial environment relatively late in their evolutionary history. C1 [Pisani, Davide; Poling, Laura L.; Lyons-Weiler, Maureen; Hedges, S. Blair] Penn State Univ, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pisani, Davide; Poling, Laura L.; Lyons-Weiler, Maureen; Hedges, S. Blair] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Poling, Laura L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lyons-Weiler, Maureen] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. RP Hedges, SB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM D.Pisani@nhm.ac.uk; Laura_Poling@student.hms.harvard.edu; mal26@pitt.edu; sbh1@psu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0112670]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NCC2-1057] FX We thank Frederick Schram for helpful advice concerning arthropod taxonomy and literature. This work was supported by grants to S.B.H. from the National Science Foundation (DBI-0112670) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NCC2-1057). NR 57 TC 141 Z9 151 U1 8 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PY 2004 VL 2 AR 1 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-2-1 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA V40AM UT WOS:000209451500001 PM 14731304 ER PT J AU Comyns, BH Lyczkowski-Shultz, J AF Comyns, BH Lyczkowski-Shultz, J TI Diel vertical distribution of atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus, larvae in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico with comparisons to red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FISH LARVAE; LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; MIGRATIONS; TRANSPORT; ANGUILLA; EGGS; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; LEPTOCEPHALI; ZOOPLANKTON AB Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulates (Linnaeus, 1766) larvae <6 mm showed a distinct pattern of vertical stratification in inner-shelf waters (<25 m depth) of the northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Discrete-depth plankton collections were taken at night, early morning after daylight, and at mid-day or early afternoon at 1, 5, and 11-16 m. No consistent pattern among cruises was evident in the vertical stratification of Atlantic croaker larvae found in mid-day and afternoon collections, but at night the highest abundances were observed at the deepest depths sampled. Atlantic croaker larvae were least abundant in surface waters (1 m) at night. Of the 66,913 Atlantic croaker larvae collected, only 346 specimens (<1%) were found in I in collections at night, and 266 of these larvae were from a single collection of large specimens (mean = 6.7 mm). By morning the vertical distribution of larvae suggested that Atlantic croaker had moved up in the water column, and highest abundances were usually found at 5 in. There was no indication that patterns of larval distribution reflected hydrographic stratification within the water column, prey availability, size of larvae, or moonlight intensity. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Comyns, BH (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Coll Marine Sci, Dept Coastal Sci, POB 7000, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. EM bruce.comyns@usm.edu NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 817EX UT WOS:000221161900006 ER PT J AU Bassin, SB Liang, MTC Braun, W Dutto, D Plesums, K Huynh, HT Cooper, DM Pescatello, A Wong, N Arnaud, SB AF Bassin, S. B. Liang, M. T. C. Braun, W. Dutto, D. Plesums, K. Huynh, H. T. Cooper, D. M. Pescatello, A. Wong, N. Arnaud, S. B. TI PREDICTORS OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN ETHNICALLY DIVERSE YOUNG WOMEN SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bassin, S. B.; Liang, M. T. C.; Braun, W.; Dutto, D.; Plesums, K.; Huynh, H. T.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Cooper, D. M.; Pescatello, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Arnaud, S. B.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Div Life Sci, Moffett Field, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PY 2004 VL 74 BP S70 EP S70 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 460TI UT WOS:000267211300187 ER PT J AU Liang, MTC Arnaud, SB Bassin, SB Braun, W Dutto, D Huynh, HT Plesums, K Cooper, DM Pescatello, A Wong, N AF Liang, M. T. C. Arnaud, S. B. Bassin, S. B. Braun, W. Dutto, D. Huynh, H. T. Plesums, K. Cooper, D. M. Pescatello, A. Wong, N. TI THE RELATIONSHIP OF BODY WEIGHT AND HEIGHT TO ULNAR BENDING STIFFNESS, AN INDEX OF BONE STRENGTH, IN SEDENTARY YOUNG WOMEN SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liang, M. T. C.; Bassin, S. B.; Braun, W.; Dutto, D.; Huynh, H. T.; Plesums, K.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Arnaud, S. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Life Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Cooper, D. M.; Pescatello, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Irvine, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PY 2004 VL 74 BP S120 EP S120 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 460TI UT WOS:000267211300375 ER PT J AU Walther, JH Jaffe, RL Kotsalis, EM Werder, T Halicioglu, T Koumoutsakos, P AF Walther, JH Jaffe, RL Kotsalis, EM Werder, T Halicioglu, T Koumoutsakos, P TI Hydrophobic hydration of C-60 and carbon nanotubes in water SO CARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Multifunctional Nanocarbon Materials and Nanosystems held at the 2003 EMRS Spring Meeting CY JUN 10, 2002-JUN 13, 2003 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE carbon nanotube, fullerene; molecular simulations; aggregation, interfacial properties ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FREE-ENERGY DIFFERENCES; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACES; PROTEINS; RANGE; DNA; ADSORPTION; GRAPHITE; BUBBLES AB We perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the hydrophobic-hydrophilic behavior of pairs Of C-60 fullerene molecules and single wall carbon nanotubes in water. The interaction potentials involve a fully atomistic description of the fullerenes or carbon nanotubes and the water is modeled using the flexible SPC model. Both unconstrained and constrained MD simulations are carried out. We find that these systems display drying, as evidenced by expulsion of the interstitial water, when the C-60 and carbon nanotubes are separated by less than 12, and 9-10 Angstrom, respectively. From the constrained simulations, the computed mean force between two carbon nanotubes in water exhibits a maximum at a tube spacing of 5.0 Angstrom which corresponds to approximately one unstable layer of interstitial water molecules. The main contribution to the force stems from the van der Waals attraction between the carbon surfaces. The minimum in the potential of mean force has a value of - 17 kJ mol(-1) Angstrom(-1) at a tube spacing of 3.5 Angstrom. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Computat Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Eloret Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94087 USA. RP Walther, JH (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Computat Sci, Hirschengraben 84, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM walther@inf.ethz.ch; rjaffe@mail.arc.nasa.gov; kotsalis@inf.ethz.ch; werder@inf.ethz.ch; haliciog@nas.nasa.gov; petros@inf.ethz.ch RI Koumoutsakos, Petros/A-2846-2008; Walther, Jens/D-9549-2015 OI Koumoutsakos, Petros/0000-0001-8337-2122; Walther, Jens/0000-0001-8100-9178 NR 50 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 1185 EP 1194 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2003.12.071 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 820VK UT WOS:000221417400052 ER PT J AU Arepalli, S Nikolaev, P Gorelik, O Hadjiev, VG Bradlev, HA Holmes, W Files, B Yowell, L AF Arepalli, S Nikolaev, P Gorelik, O Hadjiev, VG Bradlev, HA Holmes, W Files, B Yowell, L TI Protocol for the characterization of single-wall carbon nanotube material quality SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; thermal analysis; electron microscopy; Raman spectroscopy; defects ID CATALYTIC GROWTH; PURIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA AB Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be synthesized and purified by a number of techniques, and always contain certain amount of impurities of varying composition (mostly metal catalyst and non-tubular carbon), as well as defects resulting from purification. Particular purification route also affects homogeneity of nanotube material and its dispersability in organic solvents, which are important in the subsequent application development. A number of analytical characterization tools have been used successfully in the past years to access various properties of nanotube materials, but lack of standards makes it difficult to compare these measurements across the board. In this work we report on the protocol which standardizes measurements in TEM, SEM, TGA, Raman and UV-VIS spectrometer, consumes <30 mg of material, and was found to provide fast and reliable feedback in the development of purification techniques. The amount of residual metal catalyst is determined directly, and numerical measures are established for parameters such as homogeneity, thermal stability and dispersability, to allow easy comparison of SWCNT materials. Quantitative measurement of non-tubular carbon impurities still remains a problem, and we have to rely on qualitative electron microscopy observations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, GB Tech Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Nikolaev, P (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, GB Tech Inc, Mail Code ES4-GBT,2101 Nasa Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM pasha.nikolaev1@jsc.nasa.gov RI Arepalli, Sivaram/A-5372-2010; Nikolaev, Pavel/B-9960-2009; Hadjiev, Viktor/A-7069-2008 OI Hadjiev, Viktor/0000-0001-8579-9357 NR 27 TC 218 Z9 218 U1 2 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8-9 BP 1783 EP 1791 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.03.038 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 828BP UT WOS:000221948000046 ER PT S AU Andrews, R DaSilva, L Kasthuri, U AF Andrews, R DaSilva, L Kasthuri, U BE Lemke, HU Inamura, K Doi, K Vannier, MW Farman, AG Reiber, JHC TI Real-time breast cancer diagnosis: the BioLuminate smart probe SO CARS 2004: COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Congress and Exhibition on Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS 2004) CY JUN 23-26, 2004 CL Chicago, IL DE real-time breast cancer diagnosis; BioLuminate Smart Probe C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. RP Andrews, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, 555 Knowles Dr,112, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-51731-6 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2004 VL 1268 BP 1354 EP 1354 DI 10.1016/j.ics.2004.03.299 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Surgery SC Computer Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Surgery GA BAV01 UT WOS:000223659100336 ER PT B AU Stoica, A Arslan, T Keymeulen, D Duong, V Guo, X Zebulum, R Ferguson, I Daud, T AF Stoica, A Arslan, T Keymeulen, D Duong, V Guo, X Zebulum, R Ferguson, I Daud, T GP IEEE TI Evolutionary recovery of electronic circuits from radiation induced faults SO CEC2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2004) CY JUN 19-23, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Neural Network Soc, Evolutionary Programming Soc, IEEE AB Radiation Hard technologies for electronics are the conventional approach for survivability in high radiation environments. This paper presents a novel approach based on Evolvable Hardware. The key idea is to reconfigure a programmable device, in-situ, to compensate, or bypass its degraded or damaged components. The paper demonstrates the approach using a JPL-developed reconfigurable device, a Field Programmable Transistor Array (FPTA), which shows recovery from radiation damage when reconfigured under the control of Evolutionary Algorithms. Experiments with total radiation dose up to 350kRad show that while the functionality of a variety of circuits, including a rectifier and a Digital to Analog Converter implemented on a FPTA-2 chip, is degraded/lost at levels before 100kRad, the correct functionality can be recovered through the proposed evolutionary approach. The Evolutionary Algorithm controls the state of about 1,500 switches that determine configurations on the FPTA-2 programmable device. Evolution is able to use the resources of the reconfigurable cells, even radiation damaged components, to synthesize a new solution. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM adrian.stoica@jpl.nasa.gov; Tughrul.Arslan@ce.ed.ac.uk NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8515-2 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2004 BP 1786 EP 1793 DI 10.1109/CEC.2004.1331112 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAM20 UT WOS:000222818400247 ER PT J AU Airo, A Chan, SL Martinez, Z Platt, MO Trent, JD AF Airo, A Chan, SL Martinez, Z Platt, MO Trent, JD TI Heat shock and cold shock in Deinococcus radiodurans SO CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermotolerance; cryotolerance; HSP; CSP; extremophile; stress; chaperone ID STARVATION-INDUCED THERMOTOLERANCE; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IONIZING-RADIATION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; MICROCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; RESISTANCE; PROTEINS AB On the basis of acquired thermotolerance and cryotolerance, the optimal heat shock and cold shock temperatures have been determined for Deinococcus radiodurans. A heat shock at 42degreesC maximized survival at the lethal temperature of 52degreesC and a cold shock at 20degreesC maximized survival after repeated freeze-thawing. Enhanced survival from heat shock was found to be strongly dependent on growth stage, with its greatest effect shortly after phase. Increased synthesis of a total of 67 proteins during heat shock and 42 proteins during cold shock were observed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) and autoradiography. Eight of the most highly induced heat shock proteins shown by 2D PAGE were identified by MALDI-MS as Hsp20, GroEL, DnaK, SodA, Csp, Protease I, and two proteins of unknown function. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrol Technol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Emory Univ, Georgia Tech, Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Trent, JD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrol Technol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jonathan.D.Trent@nasa.gov FU PHS HHS [103-99ER20354] NR 62 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1085-9195 J9 CELL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Cell Biochem. Biophys. PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1385/CBB:40:3:277 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 834JV UT WOS:000222408300004 PM 15211028 ER PT J AU Cano, CI Weiser, ES Pipes, RB AF Cano, CI Weiser, ES Pipes, RB TI Solid-state polyimide foaming from powder precursors: Effect of morphology and process parameters on the diffusive phenomena SO CELLULAR POLYMERS LA English DT Article AB Solid poly(amic acid) (PAA) precursor is used for foaming into microspheres or foams depending 017 whether the powder particles are free or confined inside a mold. Solid-state foaming of powder precursors is studied by examining concurrent and competitive phenomena that determine the morphology and physical properties of the foam unit cell. Simultaneous analysis through thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) is proposed for the characterization of important transitions during the blowing process. Effects of particle size and shape on bubble growth will be addressed. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Pipes, RB (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM bpipes@uakron.edu NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU RAPRA TECHNOLOGY LTD PI SHREWSBURY PA SHAWBURY, SHREWSBURY SY4 4NR, SHROPS, ENGLAND SN 0262-4893 J9 CELL POLYM JI Cell Polym. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5 BP 299 EP 309 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 876HW UT WOS:000225488500002 ER PT J AU Liu, DB Ling, JJ Chen, L You, JH AF Liu, DB Ling, JJ Chen, L You, JH TI The computation of Comptonization - A comparison between generalized Kompaneets equation and Monte Carlo method SO CHINESE ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays : general, radiative transfer spectral line : profile-plasma ID X-RAY SOURCES; ACCRETION DISKS; BLACK-HOLES; RADIATION AB The down-Comptonization, which occurs during the passage of hard X-rays through "cold" plasmas, is an important process of radiative transfer in X-ray astronomy and radiation physics. This paper presents a brief introduction to the the generalized Kompaneets equation, which may be widely valid under rather loose conditions of h (ν) over bar much less than m(e)c(2) and kT(e) much less than m(e)c(2). It can be used for both the up- Comptonization (h (ν) over bar much less than m(e)c(2)) and down-Comptonization (h (ν) over bar much greater than m(e)c(2)). The latter is exceedingly important for X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, which are developing rapidly these days. On the basis of this equation, the spectral evolution is numerically investigated for four common radiation spectra in astrophysics (namely, the Gaussian-type emission line, the blackbody spectrum, the power-law spectrum and the thermal bremsstrahlung radiation spectrum) in the case of down-Comptonization. We compare the results with the results of Monte Carlo simulation, and the correctness and effectiveness of the generalized Kompaneets equation are confirmed. Finally, the important significance and potential applications of this equation in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy are pointed out. C1 Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Liu, DB (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. RI Ling, Jiajie/I-9173-2014; Liu, Dangbo/P-2224-2015 OI Ling, Jiajie/0000-0003-2982-0670; Liu, Dangbo/0000-0003-1538-592X NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0275-1062 J9 CHINESE ASTRON ASTR JI Chin. Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 33 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.chinastron.2004.01.004 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 778CC UT WOS:000189220700004 ER PT S AU Wagstaff, K AF Wagstaff, K BE Banks, D House, L McMorris, FR Arabie, P Gaul, W TI Clustering with missing values: No imputation required SO CLASSIFICATION, CLUSTERING, AND DATA MINING APPLICATIONS SE STUDIES IN CLASSIFICATION, DATA ANALYSIS, AND KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International-Federation-of-Classifications-Societies (IFCS) CY JUL 15-18, 2004 CL Illinois Inst Technol, Chicago, IL SP Int Federat Classificat Soc HO Illinois Inst Technol AB Clustering algorithms can identify groups in large data sets, such as star catalogs and hyperspectral images. In general, clustering methods cannot analyze items that have missing data values. Common solutions either fill in the missing values (imputation) or ignore the missing data (marginalization). Imputed values are treated as being just as reliable as the observed data, but they are only as good as the assumptions used to create them. In contrast, we present a method for encoding partially observed features as a set of supplemental soft constraints and introduce the KSC algorithm, which incorporates constraints into the clustering process. In experiments on artificial data and data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we show that soft constraints are an effective way to enable clustering with missing values. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wagstaff, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1431-8814 BN 3-540-22014-3 J9 ST CLASS DAT ANAL PY 2004 BP 649 EP 658 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BAS44 UT WOS:000223368200061 ER PT S AU Grewe, V Shindell, DT Eyring, V AF Grewe, V Shindell, DT Eyring, V BE Schlussel, P Stuhlmann, R Campbell, JW Erickson, C TI The impact of horizontal transport on the chemical composition in the tropopause region: lightning NOx and streamers SO CLIMATE CHANGE PROCESSES IN THE STRATOSPHERE, EARTH-ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEMS, AND OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES FROM SATELLITE DATA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE transport-chemistry interactions; lightning NOx; streamer; global modelling; ozone ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MODEL; CLIMATE; STRATOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; ECHAM4; OZONE AB The chemical composition of the region of the extra-tropical tropopause is influenced by chemistry and transport processes of either troposphere and stratosphere. On the basis of simulations with the coupled chemistry-climate model ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/ CHEM two specific chemistry-transport interactions are investigated aiming to determine their importance for the ozone budget in the tropopause region. First, the transport and chemistry of nitrogen oxides from tropical lightning are analyzed. Second, the impact of low ozone air masses transported from the tropics into higher latitudes by wave breaking events (so-called streamers) is investigated. The first mechanism leads to an increase of ozone in the order of 5-10%. This additional ozone is not only formed in the tropical upper troposphere and then transported into the lower-most stratosphere (LMS), but it is also produced in the LMS, where the production is small but the residence time is long. The second mechanism is only important in the area 100-30 hPa, where ozone is not solely chemically controlled. In the lowest stratosphere at around 30degreesN and 30degreesS ozone decreases by up to 80%. In the tropopause region ozone decreases by 30% in summer and 50% in winter. The analysis clearly shows that the interactions of transport and chemistry in the tropopause region are highly complex and a simulation of that area requests a reasonable representation of the troposphere and the stratosphere. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Grewe, V (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. EM volker.grewe@der.de RI Grewe, Volker/A-6147-2011; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016 OI Grewe, Volker/0000-0002-8012-6783; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1058 EP 1061 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00589-1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BAF40 UT WOS:000222000000008 ER PT S AU Ouzounov, D Savtchenko, A Leptoukh, G Zhou, B Ostrenga, D Deroo, C Gonzalez, L AF Ouzounov, D Savtchenko, A Leptoukh, G Zhou, B Ostrenga, D Deroo, C Gonzalez, L BE Schlussel, P Stuhlmann, R Campbell, JW Erickson, C TI GES DAAC tools for accessing Terra and Aqua MODIS data SO CLIMATE CHANGE PROCESSES IN THE STRATOSPHERE, EARTH-ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEMS, AND OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES FROM SATELLITE DATA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE MODIS; Terra; Aqua; AIRS; HDF; HDF-EOS; visualization tools; land; atmosphere; ocean AB The unique position of the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Distributed Active Archive Center (GES DAAC), as an intermediary between users and Terra and Aqua/MODIS data, let us to explore and develop tools that could help users access and manipulate data. The search and order tools include DAAC-unique extensions such as: the Web-based hierarchical ordering mechanism, the multi-product ordering system, and moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) Level 1B channel subsetting. Visualization and data manipulation tools, exemplified by HDFLook_MODIS, resulted from a joint collaboration between GES DAAC, University of Science and Technology, Lillie, and MODIS Science team; furthermore, simple interactive data language (IDL) tools were developed at GES DAAC as work aids. The key features of some of the improved tools available from the GES DAAC are described. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GES DAAC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Sci & Technol, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Ouzounov, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GES DAAC, MS 902, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ouzounov@eosdata.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Ouzounov, Dimitar/A-5929-2012 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1109 EP 1113 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00738-5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BAF40 UT WOS:000222000000017 ER PT S AU Knuteson, RO Best, FA DeSlover, DH Osborne, BJ Revercomb, HE Smith, WL AF Knuteson, RO Best, FA DeSlover, DH Osborne, BJ Revercomb, HE Smith, WL BE Schlussel, P Stuhlmann, R Campbell, JW Erickson, C TI Infrared land surface remote sensing using high spectral resolution aircraft observations SO CLIMATE CHANGE PROCESSES IN THE STRATOSPHERE, EARTH-ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEMS, AND OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES FROM SATELLITE DATA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE AERI; AIRS; emissivity; ER-2; infrared; land; remote sensing; S-HIS; temperature ID WATER-VAPOR; CLOUD AB A method for emissivity-temperature separation using high spectral resolution infrared observations is presented. An additional constraint is available with high spectral resolution observations that allow for the determination of an effective surface temperature and effective surface emissivity spectrum appropriate for advanced atmospheric temperature and water vapor sounders. The method is illustrated using observations from a high altitude aircraft over a ground truth site in North Central Oklahoma, USA. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Knuteson, RO (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM robert.knuteson@ssec.wisc.edu NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1114 EP 1119 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00752-X PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BAF40 UT WOS:000222000000018 ER PT S AU Smith, GL Wielicki, BA Barkstrom, BR Lee, RB Priestley, KJ Charlock, TP Minnis, P Kratz, DP Loeb, N Young, DF AF Smith, GL Wielicki, BA Barkstrom, BR Lee, RB Priestley, KJ Charlock, TP Minnis, P Kratz, DP Loeb, N Young, DF BE Schlussel, P Stuhlmann, R Campbell, JW Erickson, C TI Clouds and Earth radiant energy system: an overview SO CLIMATE CHANGE PROCESSES IN THE STRATOSPHERE, EARTH-ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEMS, AND OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES FROM SATELLITE DATA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE CERES; TERRA; AQUA; earth observation system; radiation budget ID RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION; CERES SENSORS; CLIMATE; VALIDATION; INSTRUMENT; SPACECRAFT; SCANNER; FLUX; ERB AB The Clouds and Earth radiant energy system (CERES) instrument was first flown aboard the TRMM spacecraft whose 35degrees inclination orbit allowed for the collection of radiation budget data over all local times, i.e. all solar zenith angles for the latitude range. Moreover, this instrument has gathered the only bidirectional radiance data covering all local times. An additional quartet of CERES instruments are now operating in pairs on both the TERRA and AQUA spacecrafts. Thus far, these instruments have collected several years of Earth radiation budget observations and continue to operate. For each of the TERRA and AQUA spacecrafts, one CERES instrument operates in a cross-track scan mode for the purpose of mapping the Earth's outgoing longwave radiation and reflected solar radiation. The other operates in an azimuthal rotation while scanning also in zenith angle for the purpose of gathering measurements for the angular distribution of radiance from various scene types, to improve the computation of fluxes from radiance measurements. The CERES instruments carry in-flight calibration systems to maintain the measurement accuracy of 1% for measured radiances. In addition to retrieving fluxes at the top of the atmosphere, the CERES program uses data from other instruments aboard the spacecraft to compute the radiation balance at the surface and at levels through the atmosphere. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Smith, GL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM g.l.smith@larc.nasa.gov RI Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010 OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1125 EP 1131 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00739-7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BAF40 UT WOS:000222000000020 ER PT S AU Montemagno, CD AF Montemagno, CD BE Roco, MC Montemagno, CD TI Integrative technology for twenty-first century SO COEVOLUTION OF HUMAN POTENTIAL AND CONVERGING TECHNOLOGIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NBIC Convergence 2003 Conference on Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance CY FEB 05-07, 2003 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Infocast Inc, Natl Sci Fdn DE nanotechnology; informatics; biotechnology; smart materials; biomimetic systems; complex adaptive systems; neuronal networks ID GAP-JUNCTIONS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NA,K-ATPASE; RECONSTITUTION; PURIFICATION; LIPOSOMES; NA+,K+-ATPASE; CHANNELS; KIDNEY AB Presented is the concept of Integrative Technology, the intersection of the precision assembly of matter (nanotechnology), coupled with the functional building blocks of nature (biotechnology), and fused by the network flow of spatiotemporal information (informatics). The power of Integrative Technology is illuminated through an illustrative example; the engineering of nano-sized excitable vesicles with the ability to intrinsically process information. The fusion of the tools of nanotechnology and biotechnology to produce excitable vesicles is described, as is the mechanics of information flow that ultimately lead to the manifestations of emergent higher-order behavior. Finally, the potential of using systems engineered and produced from nanoscale components to create complex systems and materials that manifest embedded functional behavior is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Bioengn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, NASA, Inst Cell Mimet Space Explorat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Montemagno, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Bioengn, Box 951597,7523 BH, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM cdm@seas.uda.edu; cdm@seas.uda.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-500-1 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1013 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1196/annals.1305.004 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAH02 UT WOS:000222177300004 PM 15194606 ER PT J AU Wal, RLV Tomasek, AJ AF Wal, RLV Tomasek, AJ TI Soot nanostructure: dependence upon synthesis conditions SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE soot; high temperature synthesis ID PRECURSOR PARTICLES; CARBONIZATION; TEM; CHEMISTRY; CARBON; FLAMES; LIF AB This article addresses the differences in Soot nanostructure based upon formation and growth conditions. Fuel structure effects can be masked or accentuated depending upon both temperature and rate of increase. Low temperature yields an amorphous soot for all fuels studied here, regardless of flow rate. High temperature yields different results depending upon the rate of increase. A rapid increase as realized by a high flow rate emphasizes pyrolysis kinetics that favor polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with five-membered rings leading to soots with many shells and capsules: a highly curved nanostructure. Slower rates result in a different pyrolysis chemistry leading to graphitic soot, as characterized by extended graphitic segments oriented parallel to each other. Reflecting high thermodynamic stability, PAHs may resist decomposition and yield a less graphitic soot nanostructure using either a fast or a slow temperature increase. In contrast, ethanol produces a highly curved nanostructure using either temperature increase rate. (C) 2003 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASA Glenn, Natl Ctr Micrograv Res Fluids & Combust, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Wal, RLV (reprint author), NASA Glenn, Natl Ctr Micrograv Res Fluids & Combust, MS 110-3,21000 Brookport Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM randy@rvander.grc.nasa.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2004 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.09.008 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 774JJ UT WOS:000188976100008 ER PT J AU Sunderland, PB Krishnan, SS Gore, JR AF Sunderland, PB Krishnan, SS Gore, JR TI Effects of oxygen enhancement and gravity on normal and inverse laminar jet diffusion flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION C1 NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Micrograv Res, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sunderland, PB (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Micrograv Res, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM pbs@grc.nasa.gov OI Sunderland, Peter/0000-0002-8262-7100 NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2004 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.09.015 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 774JJ UT WOS:000188976100020 ER PT S AU Slavin, JA AF Slavin, JA BE BlancoCano, X Russell, CT TI Mercury's magnetosphere SO COMPARATIVE MAGNETOSPHERES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE Mercury's magnetosphere; reconnection; substorms ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; SOLAR-WIND INTERACTION; DEEP GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA SHEET; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; CHARGED-PARTICLES; SUBSTORMS; MODEL; EXOSPHERE AB The Mariner 10 observations of Mercury's miniature magnetosphere collected during its close encounters in 1974 and 1975 are reviewed. Subsequent data analysis, re-interpretation and theoretical modeling, often influenced by new results obtained regarding the Earth's magnetosphere, have greatly expanded our impressions of the structure and dynamics of this small magnetosphere. Of special interest are the Earth-based telescopic images of this planet's tenuous atmosphere that show great variability on time scales of tens of hours to days. Our understanding of the implied close linkage between the sputtering of neutrals into the atmosphere due to solar wind and magnetospheric ions impacting the regolith and the resultant mass loading of the magnetosphere by heavy planetary ions is quite limited due to the dearth of experimental data. However, the influence of heavy ions of planetary origin (O+, Na+, K+, Ca+ and others as yet undetected) on such basic magnetospheric processes as wave propagation, convection, and reconnection remain to be discovered by future missions. The electrodynamic aspects of the coupling between the solar wind, magnetosphere and planet are also very poorly known due to the limited nature of the measurements returned by Mariner 10 and our lack of experience with a magnetosphere that is rooted in a regolith as opposed to an ionosphere. The review concludes with a brief summary of major unsolved questions concerning this very small, yet potentially complex magnetosphere. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Slavin, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Code 696, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM james.a.slavin@nasa.gov RI Slavin, James/H-3170-2012 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X NR 68 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1859 EP 1874 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.02.019 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAJ36 UT WOS:000222529400002 ER PT S AU Bertucci, C Mazelle, C Crider, DH Mitchell, DL Sauer, K Acuna, MH Connerney, JEP Lin, RP Ness, NF Winterhalter, D AF Bertucci, C Mazelle, C Crider, DH Mitchell, DL Sauer, K Acuna, MH Connerney, JEP Lin, RP Ness, NF Winterhalter, D BE BlancoCano, X Russell, CT TI MGS MAG/ER observations at the magnetic pileup boundary of Mars: draping enhancement and low frequency waves SO COMPARATIVE MAGNETOSPHERES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE solar wind interaction with unmagnetized bodies; Mars; MPB; draping; low frequency waves ID SOLAR-WIND INTERACTION; COMET-P HALLEY; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; PLASMA-WAVES; UP BOUNDARY; FIELD; MAGNETOTAIL; VENUS; MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOSHEATH AB The magnetic pileup boundary (MPB) is a sharp, thin, and permanent plasma boundary reported, up to now, at comets and Mars, and located between the bow shock and the ionospheric boundary. The MPB separates the magnetosheath, a region with high wave activity, from the magnetic pileup region, where the interplanetary magnetic field piles up regularly in front of the planetary obstacle. We use magnetic field and electron plasma measurements from the MAG/ER experiment onboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft to study two characteristic features of the MPB. The first feature is the sudden enhancement of the magnetic field line draping at the MPB. This new signature reveals that the MPB marks the entry into the veritable induced magnetosphere, where the magnetic field topology is more regular, in opposition to what is observed in the magnetosheath. Secondly, we study the properties and the occurrence of compressive, linearly polarized, low frequency waves, frequently observed on both sides of the boundary. An analysis of the correlation between the magnetic and the electron data reveals that on the upstream side the waves are mirror mode waves, while on the downstream side they are large amplitude, quasi-monochromatic fast magnetosonic waves. The presence of these features at other atmospheric, unmagnetized bodies can be used as indicators of the existence of a MPB. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. MPAe, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. UPS, CNRS, CESR, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. RP Bertucci, C (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BW, England. EM c.bertucci@imperial.ac.uk RI connerney, john/I-5127-2013; Hurley, Dana/F-4488-2015; OI Hurley, Dana/0000-0003-1052-1494; Bertucci, Cesar/0000-0002-2540-5384 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1938 EP 1944 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.054 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAJ36 UT WOS:000222529400012 ER PT S AU Anderson, BJ Acuna, MH AF Anderson, BJ Acuna, MH BE BlancoCano, X Russell, CT TI Search for solar wind-asteroid interactions at Eros SO COMPARATIVE MAGNETOSPHERES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE solar wind-asteroid interactions; Eros; asteroids ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; GASPRA AB The solar wind interaction with the asteroid 433 Eros is investigated using magnetometer data from the NEAR-Shoemaker spacecraft. From February 2000 to February 2001 NEAR-Shoemaker orbited Eros in nearly circular orbits having radii of 200, 100, 50 and 35 kin. Since no signature of an intrinsic asteroidal magnetic field was detected at Eros, the obstacle to the solar wind flow is the size of the asteroid, 34 x 14 km(2), smaller than ion scale lengths in the solar wind, so any electromagnetic solar wind interaction would be mediated by electron whistler waves. To search for interaction wake signatures the magnetic field data are organized by proximity to the expected location of a whistler wave wake. Distributions were constructed of average field magnitude and direction relative to the spacecraft-asteroid and sunward directions, fluctuation amplitudes parallel and transverse to the average field, and transverse fluctuation polarization. A weak (similar to1%) enhancement in field intensity is suggested near the wake region but the signature is smaller than the statistical uncertainties of the observations. No signature of an average field orientation indicative of a bow wave is found. Fluctuations are primarily transverse consistent with Alfvenic turbulence, and display a small difference with proximity to the expected whistler wake region. However, the fluctuations are consistently slightly left handed, consistent with known properties of the IMF and opposite from expectations for whistler wave polarization. The results demonstrate that no whistler-mode interaction occurs in the absence of an asteroidal magnetic field. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Anderson, BJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM brian.anderson@jhuapl.edu RI Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1989 EP 1995 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.03.032 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAJ36 UT WOS:000222529400017 ER PT S AU Sicard, A Bourdarie, S Krupp, N Lagg, A Boscher, D Santos-Costa, D Gerard, E Galopeau, P Bolton, S Sault, R Williams, DJ AF Sicard, A Bourdarie, S Krupp, N Lagg, A Boscher, D Santos-Costa, D Gerard, E Galopeau, P Bolton, S Sault, R Williams, DJ BE BlancoCano, X Russell, CT TI Long-term dynamics of the inner Jovian electron radiation belts SO COMPARATIVE MAGNETOSPHERES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE Jovian magnetosphere; inner Jovian electron radiation belts; synchrotron emission ID JUPITERS SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; DIFFUSION-MODELS; RADIO-EMISSION; MAGNETOSPHERE; PARTICLES; IO AB Long-term variations of total Jovian synchrotron emission are well known to vary slowly in time. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these variations, they can be solar wind driven and/or induced by the geometrical effect of the declination of the Earth in the jovicentric coordinates, D-E. However, until now, not any of them have been definitely proved. We propose here to investigate, this long-term dynamics based on appropriate simulation from a 3D model, Salammbo-3D. This model has been developed to study spatial distribution of electrons in the inner Jovian radiation belts. We will carry out two different approaches, the first one being based on synchrotron simulation from the Salammbo code and the second one being based on GALILEO EPD measurements. Two-dimensional images of Jupiter synchrotron emission can be obtained from our model, for any geometrical configuration (lambda(III)(CML), D-E). Comparisons show a good agreement between modeling results and VLA observations. With Salammbo-3D, we can also study long-term variations of total Jovian synchrotron emission. The role of the two geometrical factors, lambda(III)(CML) and D-E, will be analyzed. First, we will present beaming curves (evolution of Jovian synchrotron emission in terms of lambda(III)(CML)), resulting from the simulation to validate the geometry of the system in the code. Then, the evolution of the non-thermal flux density of synchrotron emission, in terms of D-E, joviographic declination of the Earth, will be studied. With the help of simulations resulting from Salammbo-3D, we will try to discriminate between geometrical induced variations and natural dynamics. On the other hand we will investigate on GALILEO EPD measurements from 1995 until now, restricted to 5-10 Rj, to find out any similarity with the long-term variations of non-thermal flux density of synchrotron emission. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 DESP, ONERA, F-31055 Toulouse, France. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Observ Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. CETP, F-78140 Velizy Villacoublay, France. JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 20723 USA. RP Sicard, A (reprint author), DESP, ONERA, 2 Av Edouard Belin, F-31055 Toulouse, France. EM angelica.sicard@onecert.fr NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2039 EP 2044 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.04.053 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAJ36 UT WOS:000222529400022 ER PT S AU Collier, MR AF Collier, MR BE BlancoCano, X Russell, CT TI Are magnetospheric suprathermal particle distributions (k functions) inconsistent with maximum entropy considerations? SO COMPARATIVE MAGNETOSPHERES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE suprathermal distributions; kappa functions; entropy ID KAPPA-DISTRIBUTIONS; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRA AB The Maxwellian distribution is the most popular plasma distribution and has become the default assumption when the detailed distribution function is unknown. The reason is in part because, given a fixed average energy, the distribution that maximizes the specific entropy is the Maxwellian. However, magnetospheres are dynamic systems and space plasma particle distributions gain and lose energy, for example by fueling and damping wave activity, so that the average energy is not fixed as these distributions evolve. Thus, it is not surprising, and in fact is expected, that the distributions most commonly observed in magnetospheric charged particle populations are not Maxwellians. We argue that taking the average order of magnitude of the energy, rather than the average energy, of the distribution as constant is a more appropriate constraint for dynamic space plasma distributions. We show that the distribution that maximizes entropy subject to this constraint is exactly the K function. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Collier, MR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Bldg 21,Rm246,Code 692, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mcollier@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Collier, Michael/I-4864-2013 OI Collier, Michael/0000-0001-9658-6605 NR 11 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2108 EP 2112 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.05.039 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAJ36 UT WOS:000222529400028 ER PT J AU Benedikt, B Gentz, A Kumosa, L Rupnowski, P Sutter, JK Predecki, PK Kumosa, M AF Benedikt, B Gentz, A Kumosa, L Rupnowski, P Sutter, JK Predecki, PK Kumosa, M TI X-ray diffraction experiments on aged graphite fiber/polyimide composites with embedded aluminum inclusions SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE graphite; polyimide woven composites; polymer matrix composites; plates; laminates ID RESIDUAL THERMAL-STRESSES; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; BENDING LOADS; MATRIX AB Unidirectional and woven graphite fiber (T650-35)/polyimide (PMR-15) composites with embedded aluminum inclusions were investigated for their aging behavior either in nitrogen or air at 315 degreesC for up to 1170 h. Residual strains and stresses in the inclusions were determined as a function of aging by performing X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Subsequently, residual strains and stresses in the interlaminar regions of the composites were numerically estimated using the visco-elastic Eshelby/Mori-Tanaka method and classical lamination plate theory (CLPT). It was shown in this work that the residual strains and stresses in the inclusions as determined by XRD were noticeably affected by the aging conditions. For the composite aged in nitrogen good agreement was found between XRD and numerical determinations of residual stresses in the inclusions and in the interlaminar matrix. However, for the composites aged in air significant differences were observed between the experiment and the model. Large amounts of damage to the composites caused by oxidation and the volumetric shrinkage of the PMR-15 resin in air, which were not incorporated into the models, were responsible for the significant differences between the numerical predictions of the residual stresses and those determined from the XRD experiments. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Denver, Ctr Adv Mat & Struct, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kumosa, M (reprint author), Univ Denver, Ctr Adv Mat & Struct, Dept Engn, 2450 S Gaylord St, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM mkumosa@du.edu RI Rupnowski, Przemyslaw/B-3520-2008; OI Rupnowski, Przemyslaw/0000-0003-0040-418X NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 667 EP 681 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.02.008 PG 15 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 818NN UT WOS:000221251900006 ER PT J AU Reeder, JR Demarco, K Whitley, KS AF Reeder, JR Demarco, K Whitley, KS TI The use of doubler reinforcement in delamination toughness testing SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE composite; delamination; fracture toughness AB In this paper, the data reduction equations for common delamination toughness tests are re-derived for use with specimens which have bonded doublers. The common toughness tests considered here are the double cantilever beam for mode I toughness; the end notch flexure (3ENF) and 4-point ENF (4ENF) for mode II toughness; and the mixed-mode bending test for testing under combined mode I and mode II loading. Because the addition of the doublers changes the bending stiffness of the specimens, these data reduction equations may need to be corrected. Doublers were added to the delamination test specimens to solve a premature failure problem. Delamination toughness is normally tested using a beam with an imbedded insert so that one end of the specimen is split into two arms. If the specimen is too thin, or if the toughness of the material is too high, an arm of the specimen may fail in bending before the delamination grows. When this occurs, the toughness of the material cannot be determined. To delay the bending failure so that delamination growth occurs, doubler plates were bonded to both top and bottom surfaces of the specimen. A doubler parameter, beta, which describes how much the use of doubler plates changed the ratio of full thickness to delaminated bending stiffnesses, was defined. When changes to the data reduction equations were required, the changes were minor when written in terms of the beta parameter. The doubler plate technique was demonstrated by measuring the mixed-mode fracture toughness of a carbon-carbon composite using test specimens which would otherwise have failed before delamination growth occurred. The doubler plate technique may solve several problems that can be encountered when testing delamination fracture toughness. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mech & Durabil Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Swales Aerosp Corp, Hampton, VA USA. RP Reeder, JR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mech & Durabil Branch, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM j.r.reeder@larc.nasa.gov NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1337 EP 1344 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.02.021 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 856CQ UT WOS:000224021600012 ER PT J AU Siochi, EJ Working, DC Park, C Lillehei, PT Rouse, JH Topping, CC Bhattacharyya, AR Kumar, S AF Siochi, EJ Working, DC Park, C Lillehei, PT Rouse, JH Topping, CC Bhattacharyya, AR Kumar, S TI Melt processing of SWCNT-polyimide nanocomposite fibers SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube/polyimide nanocomposites ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; COMPOSITES AB Melt processing of SWCNT/Ultem nanocomposite fibers was demonstrated for fibers containing up to 1 wt% SWCNTs. High-resolution electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to evaluate the quality of SWCNT dispersion. SWCNT alignment in the fiber direction was induced by shear forces present during the melt extrusion and fiber drawing processes. This alignment resulted in significantly higher tensile moduli and yield stress in SWCNT/Ultem nanocomposite fibers relative to unoriented nanocomposite films having the same SWCNT concentration. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Siochi, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM ej.siochi@larc.nasa.gov RI Lillehei, Peter/C-9196-2009; Kumar, Satish/F-7308-2011 OI Lillehei, Peter/0000-0001-8183-9980; NR 12 TC 106 Z9 112 U1 6 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 5 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2003.09.007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 830CE UT WOS:000222098400008 ER PT B AU Braverman, A Kahn, B AF Braverman, A Kahn, B BE Antoch, J TI Visual data mining for quantized spatial data SO COMPSTAT 2004: PROCEEDINGS IN COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Computational Statistics (COMPSTAT 2004) CY 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE massive data sets; cluster analysis; multivariate visualization ID VECTOR QUANTIZATION AB In previous papers we've shown how a well known data compression algorithm called Entropy-constrained Vector Quantization (ECVQ; [3]) can be modified to reduce the size and complexity of very large, satellite data sets. In this paper, we discuss how to visualize and understand the content of such reduced data sets. We developed a Java tool to facilitate this using simple multivariate visualization, and interactively performing further data reduction on user selected spatial subsets. This enables analysts to compare reduced representations of the data for different regions and varying spatial resolutions. The ultimate aim is to explain physically observed differences, trends, patterns and anomolies in the data. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Braverman, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 169-237,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICA-VERLAG GMBH & CO PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTR 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY BN 3-7908-1554-3 PY 2004 BP 61 EP 72 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BAY19 UT WOS:000224173300004 ER PT B AU Wei, CY Srivastava, D AF Wei, CY Srivastava, D BE Yao, ZH Yuan, MW Zhong, WX TI Nanomechanics and nanofluidics of carbon nanotubes and polymer composites SO Computational Mechanics, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Congress on Computational Mechanics held in conjunction with the 2nd Asian-Pacific Congress on Computational Mechanics CY SEP 05-10, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Natl Sci Fdn, China Minist Sci & Technol, Peking Univ, Tsinghua Univ, Dalian Univ Technol, China Acad Sci, Inst Mech, S China Univ Technol, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ, Helhai Univ, Wuhan Univ Technol, Zhejian Univ, Int Assoc Computat Mech, Asian-Pacific Assoc Computat Mech, Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Chinese Assoc Computat Mech, US Assoc Computat Mech, Japan Assoc Computat Mech, Australian Assoc Computat, German Assoc Computat Mech, Hohai Univ DE carbon nanotube; composite; plastic deformation; diffusion; translocation ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FIBERS; STRAIN; ROPES; LOAD AB In this talk we will present computational studies of nanomechanics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for small external strain within elastic limit, and also large strain extending up to plastic or breaking deformations. The effect of strain rate and temperature on the yield strain of CNTs will be discussed to show that how MD simulation data (within nanosecond time scales) can be bridged to experimental observations taken over minutes to hours time scales. A novel lowest energy pathway, known thus far, for the formation of Stone-Wales bond rotation defects on CNTs under tensile strain has been recently found and will be discussed. The thermal and mechanical characterization of CNT-polymer composites and nanofluidics of polymer molecules within and around CNT channels will be described in this presentation. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wei, CY (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-302-09343-1 PY 2004 BP 728 EP 733 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BCU88 UT WOS:000231353600109 ER PT S AU Jost, G Labarta, J Gimenez, J AF Jost, G Labarta, J Gimenez, J BE BuBak, M VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Paramedir: A tool for programmable performance analysis SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Spring Verlag AB Performance analysis of parallel scientific applications is time consuming and requires great expertise in areas such as programming paradigms, system software, and computer hardware architectures. In this paper we describe an extension to the Paraver performance analysis system that facilitates the programmability of performance metric calculations thereby allowing the automation of the analysis and reducing the application development time. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NAS Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Tech Univ Catalonia, European Ctr Parallelism Barcelona, CEPBA, UPC, Barcelona 08034, Spain. RP Jost, G (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NAS Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM gjost@nas.nasa.gov; jesus@cepba.upc.es; judit@cepba.upc.es RI Labarta, Jesus/G-5256-2015 OI Labarta, Jesus/0000-0002-7489-4727 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22114-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3036 BP 466 EP 469 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAG03 UT WOS:000222043200067 ER PT S AU Thompson, D Parthasarathy, S Machiraju, R Lawrence, S AF Thompson, D Parthasarathy, S Machiraju, R Lawrence, S BE Bubak, M VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Improvements to response-surface based vehicle design using a feature-centric approach SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Spring Verlag ID EXPLORATION AB In this paper, we present our vision for a framework to facilitate computationally-based aerospace vehicle design by improving the quality of the response surfaces that can be developed for a given cost. The response surfaces are developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques of varying fidelity. We propose to improve the quality of a given response surface by exploiting the relationships between the response surface and the flow features that evolve in response to changes in the design parameters. The underlying technology, generalized feature mining, is employed to locate and characterize features as well as provide explanations for feature-feature and feature-vehicle interactions. We briefly describe the components of our framework and outline two different strategies to improve the quality of a response surface. We also highlight ongoing efforts. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Computat Simulat & Design Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Syst Anal Branch, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Thompson, D (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dst@erc.msstate.edu; srini@cis.ohio-state.edu; raghu@cis.ohio-state.edu; Scott.L.Lawrence@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22116-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3038 BP 764 EP 770 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAG08 UT WOS:000222048900099 ER PT S AU Pingree, PJ Mikk, E AF Pingree, PJ Mikk, E BE Alur, R Peled, DA TI The HiVy tool set SO COMPUTER AIDED VERIFICATION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification (CAV 2004) CY JUL 13-17, 2004 CL Boston, MA AB Our aim is to validate mission-specific components of spacecraft flight software designs that are specified using state-charts and translated automatically to the final flight code for the mission. We established an automatic translation tool set from state-charts to the input language of SPIN for the validation of such mission-specific components. To guarantee compliance with autogenerated flight code, our translation tool set preserves the StateFlow(R) semantics. We are now able to specify and validate portions of mission-critical software design and implementation using the exhaustive exploration techniques of model checking. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Paula.J.Pingree@jpl.nasa.gov; Erich.Mikk@epost.de NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22342-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3114 BP 466 EP 469 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAM79 UT WOS:000222865000038 ER PT J AU Asrar, GR AF Asrar, GR TI A pathway to decisions on earth's environment and natural resources SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Asrar, GR (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 6 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2004.1255816 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 756XK UT WOS:000187510900003 ER PT J AU Hill, C DeLuca, C Balaji Suarez, M da Silva, A AF Hill, C DeLuca, C Balaji Suarez, M da Silva, A TI The architecture of the earth system modeling framework SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) project is developing a standard software platform for Earth system models., The standard, which defines a component architecture and a support infrastructure, is being developed under open-software practices. Target applications range from operational numerical weather prediction to climate-system change and predictability studies. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC USA. NASA, Global Modelling & Assimilat Off, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Hill, C (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012 OI da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030 NR 20 TC 142 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 17 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 6 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2004.1255817 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 756XK UT WOS:000187510900004 ER PT J AU Lin, SJ Atlas, R Yeh, KS AF Lin, SJ Atlas, R Yeh, KS TI Global weather prediction and high-end computer NASA SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER MODEL; INTEGRATION AB The authors demonstrate the current capabilities of NASA's finite-volume General Circulation Model in high-resolution global weather prediction and discuss its development path in the foreseeable future. This model is a prototype of a future NASA Earth-modeling system intended to unify development activities across various disciplines within NASA's Earth Science Enterprise. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lin, SJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 900,3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560 NR 7 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 6 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 756XK UT WOS:000187510900005 ER PT J AU Donnellan, A Rundle, J Ries, J Fox, G Pierce, M Parker, J Crippen, R DeJong, E Chao, B Kuang, WJ McLeod, D Matu'ura, M Bloxham, J AF Donnellan, A Rundle, J Ries, J Fox, G Pierce, M Parker, J Crippen, R DeJong, E Chao, B Kuang, WJ McLeod, D Matu'ura, M Bloxham, J TI Illuminating earth's interior through advanced computing SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID THRESHOLD SYSTEMS; EARTHQUAKE; DYNAMICS AB Today's computational strategies for modeling Earth's interior structure and dynamics come from high-performance computing systems in the US and others such as the Japanese Earth Simulator Modeling efforts currently underway focus on problems such. as geodynamo and earthquake modeling. C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Indiana Univ, Community Grids Lab, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Geodesy Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Donnellan, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, MS 183335,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Kuang, Weijia/K-5141-2012; Chao, Benjamin Fong/N-6156-2013; OI Kuang, Weijia/0000-0001-7786-6425; Pierce, Marlon/0000-0002-9582-5712 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 6 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2004.1255819 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 756XK UT WOS:000187510900006 ER PT J AU King, RL Birk, RJ AF King, RL Birk, RJ TI Developing earth system science knowledge to manage earth's natural resources SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The computational science and engineering communities can build an infrastructure to use the observations, computational models, and knowledge about Earth system science to enable decision support for the global, national, regional, and local management of the Earth's natural resources. C1 NASA, Earth Sci Appl Div, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP King, RL (reprint author), NASA, Earth Sci Appl Div, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 6 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2004.1255820 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 756XK UT WOS:000187510900007 ER PT B AU Maiwald, F Pearson, JC Ward, JS Schlecht, E Chattopadhyay, G Gill, J Ferber, R Tsang, R Lin, R Peralta, A Finamore, B Chun, W Baker, JJ Dengler, RJ Javadi, H Siegel, P Mehdi, I AF Maiwald, F Pearson, JC Ward, JS Schlecht, E Chattopadhyay, G Gill, J Ferber, R Tsang, R Lin, R Peralta, A Finamore, B Chun, W Baker, JJ Dengler, RJ Javadi, H Siegel, P Mehdi, I BE Thumm, M Wiesbeck, W TI Solid-state terahertz sources for space applications SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2004 JOINT 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 29th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/12th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 17-OCT 01, 2004 CL Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Res Ctr, IEEE, IEEE MTT Soc, ITG Soc, VDE HO Univ Karlsruhe AB This paper discusses the construction of solid-state frequency multiplier chains [1, 2] utilized for terahertz receiver applications such as the Herschel Space Observatory [3]. Emphasis will be placed on the specific requirements to be met and challenges that were encountered. The availability of high power amplifiers at 100 GHz [4] makes it possible to cascade frequency doublers and triplers with sufficient RF power to pump heterodyne receivers at THz frequencies. The environmental and mechanical constraints will be addressed as well as reliability issues. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Maiwald, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 168-314, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8490-3 PY 2004 BP 767 EP 768 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBN34 UT WOS:000226274600356 ER PT J AU Kulagin, VV Kochetkova, AY Rudenko, VN Tinto, M AF Kulagin, VV Kochetkova, AY Rudenko, VN Tinto, M TI Doppler detection of gravitational bursts using the Earth's satellites SO COSMIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPACECRAFT; RADIATION; TRACKING; WAVES AB We discuss the possibility of detection of low-frequency gravitational waves by means of Doppler tracking of a relatively close satellite of the Earth. A detailed analysis is performed of electromagnetic fluctuations in the space communication channel and of the instrumental noise of receiving-transmitting systems. It is shown that when certain compensating procedures are used, one can detect gravitational radiation generated in star collapses and coalescences of binaries in our Galaxy in the frequency range from 2 x 10(-3) to 5 x 10(-1) Hz and with a metric variation amplitude of 10(-15) and higher. C1 Shternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119899, Russia. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Kulagin, VV (reprint author), Shternberg Astron Inst, Univ Pr 13, Moscow 119899, Russia. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PI NEW YORK PA C/O KLUWER ACADEMIC-PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0010-9525 J9 COSMIC RES+ JI Cosmic Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1023/B:COSM.0000017556.62100.a5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 804ZT UT WOS:000220337300003 ER PT B AU Chernov, AA Segre, PN Holmes, AM AF Chernov, AA Segre, PN Holmes, AM BE Muller, G Metois, JJ Rudolph, P TI Crystallization physics in biomacromolecular solutions SO CRYSTAL GROWTH - FROM FUNDAMENTALS TO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Summer School of Crystal Growth held in Conjunction with the 14th International Conference on Crystal Growth CY AUG 09-13, 2004 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP French Assoc Crystal Growth ID PROTEIN CRYSTAL NUCLEATION; LYSOZYME CRYSTALS; DENSITY-FLUCTUATIONS; GROWTH-KINETICS; MICROGRAVITY; PURIFICATION; IMPURITIES; FERRITIN AB These lecture notes are complementary to, and partly overlapping with, the reviews C I. 21 on which the lecture by A.A. Chernov is based. State of the art in biomacromolecular crystallization physics is reviewed with an emphasis on the unresolved problems. Some of the problems are still open for inorganics as well. The lecture starts with an elementary introduction for newcomers on biological macromolecules with an emphasis on proteins (Sec. 1). Sec. 2 briefly summarizes crystallization techniques - very simple in terms of physics, but complicated chemically. Biomacromolecules are overwhelmingly crystallized from aqueous solutions. Their solubility decreases when the precipitant - an organic salt, polythelene glycol or a buffer that changes pH - is added to the biomacromolecular solution. Sec. 3 is devoted to nucleation rate and time lag. Results following from application of the classical "dcvelopment" technique based on the temperature dependence of protein solubility present the macroscopic approach to the problem. Light scattering from supersaturated solutions provides data closer to the molecular level. Sec. 4. on crystal growth and perfection. summarizes the kinetic coefficients for crystal growth as measured by AFIM. This section is also illustrated with examples indicating that regular polyhedral morphology,, associated with the layer growth may be replaced by skeleton and dendritic growth modes following from the thermodynamic or kinetic roughening transitions. Impurity distribution is addressed as a factor contributing, directly or indirectly, to crystal imperfection (Sec. 5). inducing irregular molecular orientations within the lattice and conformational changes within the molecules. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, BAE SYST, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Chernov, AA (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, BAE SYST, Mail Code SD46, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-51386-8 PY 2004 BP 95 EP 113 DI 10.1016/B978-044451386-1/50006-4 PG 19 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA BBM43 UT WOS:000226163000004 ER PT S AU Redding, D Sigrist, N Lou, JZ Zhang, Y Atcheson, P Acton, S Hayden, W AF Redding, D Sigrist, N Lou, JZ Zhang, Y Atcheson, P Acton, S Hayden, W BE Mouroulis, PZ Smith, WJ Johnson, RB TI Optical state estimation using wavefront data SO CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LENS DESIGN AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering V CY AUG 04-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE optical testing; segmented mirror; space telescope. wavefront control; wavefront sensing; state estimation AB The use of wavefront measurements to deduce the state of multiple optics in a telescope beam train - their misalignments and figure errors - can be confused by the fact that there are multiple potential sources for the same measured error. This talk applies Kalman filtering techniques as a tool for separating true telescope errors from artifactual testing errors in the alignment and testing of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, a large segmented-aperture cryogenic telescope to be launched after 2010. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Redding, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5461-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5523 BP 212 EP 224 DI 10.1117/12.561142 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBD62 UT WOS:000225039200023 ER PT J AU Kawata, T Ito, H Uno, T Saito, M Yamamoto, S Furusawa, Y Durante, M George, K Wu, H Cucinotta, FA AF Kawata, T Ito, H Uno, T Saito, M Yamamoto, S Furusawa, Y Durante, M George, K Wu, H Cucinotta, FA TI G2 chromatid damage and repair kinetics in normal human fibroblast cells exposed to low- or high-LET radiation SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Chromosome Aberrations CY SEP 10-13, 2003 CL Univ Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, GERMANY HO Univ Duisburg-Essen ID PREMATURE CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION; HEAVY-IONS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; ALPHA-PARTICLES; HYPERTONIC TREATMENT; ISOCHROMATID BREAKS; 10T1/2 CELLS; V79 CELLS; X-RAYS; ABERRATIONS AB Radiation-induced chromosome damage can be measured in interphase using the Premature Chromosome Condensation (PCC) technique. With the introduction of a new PCC technique using the potent phosphatase inhibitor calyculin-A, chromosomes can be condensed within five minutes, and it is now possible to examine the early damage induced by radiation. Using this method, it has been shown that high-LET radiation induces a higher frequency of chromatid breaks and a much higher frequency of isochromatid breaks than low-LET radiation. The kinetics of chromatid break rejoining consists of two exponential components representing a rapid and a slow time constant, which appears to be similar for low- and high-LET radiations. However, after high-LET radiation exposures, the rejoining process for isochromatid breaks influences the repair kinetics of chromatid-type breaks, and this plays an important role in the assessment of chromatid break rejoining in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. C1 Chiba Univ, Dept Radiol L1, Grad Sch Med, Chuo Ku, Chiba 2608670, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Heavy Ion Res Grp, Chiba 260, Japan. Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys, Naples, Italy. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kawata, T (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Dept Radiol L1, Grad Sch Med, Chuo Ku, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 2608670, Japan. EM tkawata@med.m.chiba-u.ac.jp RI Durante, Marco/K-1315-2014; OI Durante, Marco/0000-0002-4615-553X NR 29 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2004 VL 104 IS 1-4 BP 211 EP 215 DI 10.1159/000077491 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 835XX UT WOS:000222519900033 PM 15162040 ER PT J AU Durante, M Ando, K Furusawa, Y Obe, G George, K Cucinotta, FA AF Durante, M Ando, K Furusawa, Y Obe, G George, K Cucinotta, FA TI Complex chromosomal rearrangements induced in vivo by heavy ions SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Chromosome Aberrations CY SEP 10-13, 2003 CL Univ Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, GERMANY HO Univ Duisburg-Essen ID HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; BLOOD-LYMPHOCYTES; BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; IONIZING-RADIATION; ALPHA-PARTICLES; SPACE-FLIGHT; EXCHANGES; ABERRATIONS; EXPOSURE; THERAPY AB It has been suggested that the ratio complex/simple exchanges can be used as a biomarker of exposure to high-LET radiation. We tested this hypothesis in vivo, by considering data from several studies that measured complex exchanges in peripheral blood from humans exposed to mixed fields of low- and high-LET radiation. In particular, we studied data from astronauts involved in long-term missions in low-Earth-orbit, and uterus cancer patients treated with accelerated carbon ions. Data from two studies of chromosomal aberrations in astronauts used blood samples obtained before and after space flight, and a third study used blood samples from patients before and after radiotherapy course. Similar methods were used in each study, where lymphocytes were stimulated to grow in vitro, and collected after incubation in either colcemid or calyculin A. Slides were painted with whole-chromosome DNA fluorescent probes (FISH), and complex and simple chromosome exchanges in the painted genome were classified separately. Complex-type exchanges were observed at low frequencles in control subjects, and in our test subjects before the treatment. No statistically significant increase in the yield of complex-type exchanges was induced by the space flight. Radiation therapy induced a high fraction of complex exchanges, but no significant differences could be detected between patients treated with accelerated carbon ions or X-rays. Complex chromosomal rearrangements do not represent a practical biomarker of radiation quality in our test subjects. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Heavy Ion Radiobiol Res Grp, Chiba 260, Japan. Univ Duisburg, Dept Genet, Essen, Germany. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Durante, M (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, Monte S Angelo,Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy. EM durante@na.infn.it RI Durante, Marco/K-1315-2014; OI Durante, Marco/0000-0002-4615-553X NR 28 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2004 VL 104 IS 1-4 BP 240 EP 244 DI 10.1159/000077497 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 835XX UT WOS:000222519900039 PM 15162046 ER PT J AU George, K Durante, M Willingham, V Cucinotta, FA AF George, K Durante, M Willingham, V Cucinotta, FA TI Chromosome aberrations of clonal origin are present in astronauts' blood lymphocytes SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Chromosome Aberrations CY SEP 10-13, 2003 CL Univ Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, GERMANY HO Univ Duisburg-Essen ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; STEM-CELLS; TRANSLOCATIONS; RADIATION; FISH; DAMAGE; FREQUENCY; STABILITY; EXPOSURE; VICTIMS AB Radiation-induced chromosome translocations remain in peripheral blood cells over many years, and can potentially be used to measure retrospective doses or prolonged low-dose rate exposures. However, several recent studies have indicated that some individuals possess clones of cells with balanced chromosome abnormalities, which can result in an overestimation of damage and, therefore, influence the accuracy of dose calculations. We carefully examined the patterns of chromosome damage found in the blood lymphocytes of twelve astronauts, and also applied statistical methods to screen for the presence of potential clones. Cells with clonal aberrations were identified in three of the twelve individuals. These clonal cells were present in samples collected both before and after space flight, and yields are higher than previously reported for healthy individuals in this age range (40-52 years of age). The frequency of clonal damage appears to be even greater in chromosomes prematurely condensed in interphase, when compared with equivalent analysis in metaphase cells. The individuals with clonal aberrations were followed-up over several months and the yields of all clones decreased during this period. Since clonal aberrations may be associated with increased risk of tumorigenesis, it is important to accurately identify cells containing clonal rearrangements for risk assessment as well as biodosimetry. C1 Wyle Labs, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys, Naples, Italy. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP George, K (reprint author), Wyle Labs, 1290 Hercules Dr,Suite 110, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM kerry.a.george1@jsc.nasa.gov RI Durante, Marco/K-1315-2014; OI Durante, Marco/0000-0002-4615-553X NR 22 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2004 VL 104 IS 1-4 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1159/000077498 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 835XX UT WOS:000222519900040 PM 15162047 ER PT B AU Backman, D AF Backman, D BE Caroff, L Moon, LJ Backman, D Praton, E TI Debris disks: An overview SO DEBRIS DISKS AND THE FORMATION OF PLANETS: A SYMPOSIUM IN MEMORY OF FRED GILLETT SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Debris Disks and the Formation of Planets held in honor of Fres Gillett CY APR 11-13, 2002 CL Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ SP Gemini Project, Infrared Proc & Analysis Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Univ Space Res Assoc HO Natl Opt Astron Observ ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; BETA-PICTORIS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; NEARBY STARS; DUST; VEGA; CONSTRAINTS; SILICATES; SEARCH; RING AB An overview regarding planetary debris disks: First, more history to complement Low and Aumann's summary appearing elsewhere in this volume. Then, commentary on the nature of debris disks and what we've learned from them: properties of the original "Fabulous Four" archetypes, results from surveys showing that a large fraction of ordinary stars may be hosts for debris disks, and relatively detailed discussion of beta Pictoris, the most prominent disk. Finally, discussion of the connection between debris disks, our solar system's Kuiper Belt, and the zodiacal dust cloud. Open questions about these objects will be highlighted which can lead on to the remainder of the proceedings. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Backman, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, MS 144-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-186-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 324 BP 9 EP 19 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCA41 UT WOS:000228450400002 ER PT B AU Grady, CA AF Grady, CA CA STIS Investigation Definition Team BE Caroff, L Moon, LJ Backman, D Praton, E TI The nearest herbig Ae stars: Identifying the source of the infall activity SO Debris Disks and the Formation of Planets: A Symposium in Memory of Fred Gillett SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Debris Disks and the Formation of Planets held in honor of Fres Gillett CY APR 11-13, 2002 CL Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ SP Gemini Project, Infrared Proc & Analysis Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Univ Space Res Assoc HO Natl Opt Astron Observ ID TERM SPECTRAL VARIABILITY; BETA-PICTORIS PHENOMENON; LYMAN-ALPHA EMISSION; VEGA-LIKE SYSTEMS; X-RAY-EMISSION; T TAURI STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; AE/BE STARS; AB-AURIGAE; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB The presence of infalling gas features in the spectra of some of the nearer Herbig Ae/Be stars has been recognized for a decade. Similar features have been routinely observed in the optical and UV spectrum of beta Pictoris since the mid-1980s, while infalling gas features and strong, variable stellar winds are observed in a number of T Tauri stars. Criteria for distinguishing between infall of comparatively undifferentiated disk material and the features expected to be associated with falling evaporating bodies will be summarized and compared with recent imagery, long slit spectroscopy, and UV spectra. for several Herbig Ae stars. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NOAO, Eureka Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Grady, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NOAO, Eureka Sci, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-186-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 324 BP 53 EP 67 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCA41 UT WOS:000228450400005 ER PT B AU Hollenbach, D Adams, FC AF Hollenbach, D Adams, FC BE Caroff, L Moon, LJ Backman, D Praton, E TI Dispersal of disks around young stars: Constraints on Kuiper belt formation SO Debris Disks and the Formation of Planets: A Symposium in Memory of Fred Gillett SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Debris Disks and the Formation of Planets held in honor of Fres Gillett CY APR 11-13, 2002 CL Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ SP Gemini Project, Infrared Proc & Analysis Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Univ Space Res Assoc HO Natl Opt Astron Observ ID ORION NEBULA CLUSTER; HERBIG AE/BE STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; PHOTOEVAPORATION; DESTRUCTION; PROPLYDS; SEARCH; MODELS AB Photoevaporation is expected to be the dominant dispersal mechanism for the outer regions of dusty disks around young stars. The gaseous disk surface is often heated by ultraviolet photons from either the central star or a luminous nearby massive star in the star-forming cluster, the heated gas evaporates to interstellar space and drags along small dust particles. In this paper, we focus on photoevaporation driven by nearby massive stars and study whether photo evaporation can remove the outer disk material before the dust coagulates into large particles (with size a >= 0.1 - 1 cm), large enough to resist entrainment in the evaporating gas and remain in orbit to form Kuiper Belt objects. If the dust is carried off with the evaporating gas, the formation of Kuiper Belt objects is suppressed and the production of debris dust particles is also suppressed. We find that dust coagulation occurs rapidly enough that Kuiper Belt formation is likely to take place inside about 50 - 100 AU, even around low mass stars in dense clusters like the Trapezium. However, photoevaporation will cause a sharp cutoff in the formation of low eccentricity Kuiper Belt objects beyond this radius for Trapezium-like conditions. Different initial cluster environments can result in quite different amounts and extents of debris dust around stars of similar age and mass. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hollenbach, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-186-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 324 BP 168 EP 183 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCA41 UT WOS:000228450400017 ER PT B AU Werner, MW Stapelfeldt, KR AF Werner, MW Stapelfeldt, KR BE Caroff, L Moon, LJ Backman, D Praton, E TI SIRTF (Spitzer), debris disks, and Fred Gillett SO Debris Disks and the Formation of Planets: A Symposium in Memory of Fred Gillett SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Debris Disks and the Formation of Planets held in honor of Fres Gillett CY APR 11-13, 2002 CL Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ SP Gemini Project, Infrared Proc & Analysis Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Univ Space Res Assoc HO Natl Opt Astron Observ ID DUST; RING AB The study of planetary debris disks over the full range of infrared wavelengths requires the use of a cryogenic telescope in space because of the low surface brightness of these intrinsically faint, spatially extended systems. The next cryogenic infrared telescope will be NASA's Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), which is currently in the filial stages of integration and test leading to launch in 2003. Fred Gillett made many critical contributions to the technical definition of SIRTF and played a key role in the advocacy of SIRTF. both within the science community and at NASA Headquarters. SIRTF will carry three focal plane instruments built around large-format infrared detector arrays and thus will be the first infrared space observatory to make extensive use - both for imaging and spectroscopy - of this very powerful new technology. The study of debris disks forms a big portion of one of the four science programs which have defined SIRTF's measurement capabilities; as a result SIRTF has great power for the study of the debris disk phenomenon. This paper reviews the SIRTF mission design and measurement functionality and describes SIRTF's potential studies of debris disks, drawing examples from the programs planned by the SIRTF Guaranteed Time Observers (GTO's) and the SIRTF Legacy Teams. We also summarize the opportunities for community participation in SIRTF. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Werner, MW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-186-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 324 BP 184 EP 196 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCA41 UT WOS:000228450400018 ER PT B AU Harker, DE Wooden, DH Woodward, CE AF Harker, DE Wooden, DH Woodward, CE BE Caroff, L Moon, LJ Backman, D Praton, E TI Crystallinity as an indicator of protoplanetary disk evolution SO Debris Disks and the Formation of Planets: A Symposium in Memory of Fred Gillett SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Debris Disks and the Formation of Planets held in honor of Fres Gillett CY APR 11-13, 2002 CL Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ SP Gemini Project, Infrared Proc & Analysis Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Univ Space Res Assoc HO Natl Opt Astron Observ ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS AB Our knowledge of solar nebula processes suggest Mg-rich crystals are signposts of pristine materials that were processed in the nebula, be they nebular condensates or annealed ISM grains. Therefore, we examine the connection between the existence of crystalline silicate features and the diminishment of the near-infrared flux in the spectral energy distribution of Herbig Ae/Be stars. Our results show that based on this qualitative analysis, there is no clear direct connection between the existence of crystals with the decrease of near-infrared flux. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Harker, DE (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-186-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 324 BP 211 EP 213 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCA41 UT WOS:000228450400022 ER PT B AU Beichman, C Gautier, TN Holmes, EK Rieke, G Stansberry, J Stapelfeldt, K Werner, I AF Beichman, C Gautier, TN Holmes, EK Rieke, G Stansberry, J Stapelfeldt, K Werner, I BE Caroff, L Moon, LJ Backman, D Praton, E TI A volume limited sample of debris disks around nearby stars: A MIPS team program SO Debris Disks and the Formation of Planets: A Symposium in Memory of Fred Gillett SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Debris Disks and the Formation of Planets held in honor of Fres Gillett CY APR 11-13, 2002 CL Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ SP Gemini Project, Infrared Proc & Analysis Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Univ Space Res Assoc HO Natl Opt Astron Observ AB Observations with SIRTF (Space Infrared Telescope Facility, now Spitzer Space Telescope) of solar type stars to search for the presence of circumstellar material will be important in assessing the prevalence of debris disks as a function of stellar parameters. The Volume Limited Sample (VLS) is part of a Guaranteed Time Observation project on Spitzer that combines a survey of a broad range of solar type stars with a partial survey of stars which possess planets. The stars in the VLS have spectral types ranging from F5 to K5, most of which are within 50 pc. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Beichman, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 169-506,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-186-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 324 BP 253 EP 255 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCA41 UT WOS:000228450400035 ER PT J AU McClain, CR Feldman, GC Hooker, SB AF McClain, CR Feldman, GC Hooker, SB TI An overview of the SeaWiFS project and strategies for producing a climate research quality global ocean bio-optical time series SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCES; EARTH SURVEY SENSORS; 1997-98 EL-NINO; ABOVE-WATER; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; FIELD RADIOMETERS; DATA ARCHIVE; MONITOR SQM; CALIBRATION AB The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Project Office was formally initiated at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in 1990. Seven years later, the sensor was launched by Orbital Sciences Corporation under a databuy contract to provide 5 years of science quality data for global ocean biogeochemistry research. To date, the SeaWiFS program has greatly exceeded the mission goals established over a decade ago in terms of data quality, data accessibility and usability, ocean community infrastructure development, cost efficiency, and community service. The SeaWiFS Project Office and its collaborators in the scientific community have made substantial contributions in the areas of satellite calibration, product validation, near-real time data access, field data collection, protocol development, in situ instrumentation technology, operational data system development, and desktop level-0 to level-3 processing software. One important aspect of the SeaWiFS program is the high level of science community cooperation and participation. This article summarizes the key activities and approaches the SeaWiFS Project Office pursued to define, achieve, and maintain the mission objectives. These achievements have enabled the user community to publish a large and growing volume of research such as those contributed to this special volume of Deep-Sea Research. Finally, some examples of major geophysical events (oceanic, atmospheric, and terrestrial) captured by SeaWiFS are presented to demonstrate the versatility of the sensor. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Off Global Carbon Studies, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McClain, CR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Off Global Carbon Studies, Code 970-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM charles.r.mcclain@nasa.gov RI Hooker, Stanford/E-2162-2012 NR 116 TC 239 Z9 247 U1 6 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1-3 BP 5 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.11.001 PG 38 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 831CI UT WOS:000222170100002 ER PT J AU Christian, JR Murtugudde, R Ballabrera-Poy, J McClain, CR AF Christian, JR Murtugudde, R Ballabrera-Poy, J McClain, CR TI A ribbon of dark water: phytoplankton blooms in the meanders of the Pacific North Equatorial Countercurrent SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GULF-STREAM MEANDERS; OCEAN COLOR; SARGASSO SEA; TROPICAL PACIFIC; WESTERN PACIFIC; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; HORIZONTAL DIVERGENCE AB In the far southwestern corner of the North Pacific Ocean, the Mindanao Current retrotlects and flows northeast into the nascent North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC). Ocean-color images show that phytoplankton blooms occur both in the nearly closed cyclonic loop of the retroflection, and in the meandering NECC, which were particularly strong during the El Nino event of 1997-98. In the winter of 1997-98, the bloom persisted for about 4 months, and, at its peak, extended for several thousand kilometers along the current stream. The NECC meanders are observed in SeaWiFS and OCTS images at various times throughout the nearly 5 years of data examined, but regionally averaged chlorophyll concentrations during the 1997-98 El Nino were higher than at any time since. The current meanders are sometimes visible in SeaWiFS images during winter, spring and summer, but not in autumn, consistent with the seasonal cycle of formation and decay of the Mindanao Dome (MD). Although the MD has a cyclonic circulation pattern, vertical nutrient flux appears to be maximal in the NECC, which forms its southern boundary, rather than in the MD itself. The appearance of phytoplankton blooms along the stream of the NECC is most plausibly attributed to upwelling associated with current meandering, although El Nino-induced shoaling of the thermocline and seasonal Ekman pumping also may contribute. In addition, transport of nutrient-rich water from the South Pacific by the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent (NGCUC), which is maximal in boreal winter, creates a gradient of nutrient concentration across the NECC stream with much greater concentrations to the south at a given density (J. Geophys. Res. 103 (1998) 12959). In 1997-98 a confluence of all of these factors occurred. Shoaling of the thermocline and an intensified NECC due to the El Nino event coincided with the seasonal formation of the MD and increased westward transport of nutrient-rich water by the NGCUC to produce the highest chlorophyll concentrations observed in 5 years of ocean-color data. Similar though weaker blooms were observed in the spring of 2003 in association with the very weak 2002-03 El Nino. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Christian, JR (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. EM jim.christian@ec.gc.ca OI Ballabrera-Poy, Joaquim/0000-0002-1753-221X NR 54 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1-3 BP 209 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.06.002 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 831CI UT WOS:000222170100014 ER PT J AU McClain, CR Signorini, SR Christian, JR AF McClain, CR Signorini, SR Christian, JR TI Subtropical gyre variability observed by ocean-color satellites SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; PACIFIC CENTRAL GYRE; LONG-TERM CHANGES; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; SARGASSO SEA; TEMPERATURE; THERMOCLINE; SEAWIFS; GROWTH; WATERS AB The subtropical gyres of the world are extensive, coherent regions that occupy about 40% of the surface of the earth. Once thought to be homogeneous and static habitats, there is increasing evidence that mid-latitude gyres exhibit substantial physical and biological variability on a variety of time scales. While biological productivity within these oligotrophic regions may be relatively small, their immense size makes their total contribution significant. Global distributions of dynamic height derived from satellite altimeter data, and chlorophyll concentration derived from satellite ocean-color data, show that the dynamic center of the gyres, the region of maximum dynamic height where the pycnocline is deepest, does not coincide with the region of minimum chlorophyll concentration. The physical and biological processes by which this distribution of ocean properties is maintained, and the spatial and temporal scales of variability associated with these processes, are analyzed using global surface chlorophyll-a concentrations, sea-surface height, sea-surface temperature, surface winds from operational satellite and meteorological sources, and hydrographic data from climatologies and individual surveys. Seasonal and interannual variability in the areal extent of the subtropical gyres are examined using 8 months (November 1996-June 1997) of Ocean-color and Temperature Sensor (OCTS) and 6 years (September 1997-October 03) of Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) ocean-color data. The ocean-color data are interpreted in the context of climate variability and measured changes in other ocean properties (i.e. wind forcing, surface currents, Ekman pumping, and vertical mixing). The oligotrophic waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic gyres are observed to be expanding over this period, while those of the South Pacific, South Atlantic, and South Indian Ocean gyres show much weaker and less consistent tendencies. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Off Global Carbon Studies, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Victoria, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP McClain, CR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Off Global Carbon Studies, Code 970-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM charles.r.mcclain@nasa.gov NR 41 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1-3 BP 281 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.08.002 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 831CI UT WOS:000222170100017 ER PT J AU Mackas, DL Peterson, WT Zamon, JE AF Mackas, DL Peterson, WT Zamon, JE TI Comparisons of interannual biomass anomalies of zooplankton communities along the continental margins of British Columbia and Oregon SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT ZOOPLANKTON; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; 1997-1999 EL-NINO; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SEASONAL CYCLE; REGIME SHIFTS; MONTEREY BAY; LA-NINA; VARIABILITY AB We update and compare multi-year time series of zooplankton community composition anomalies from three continental margin regions covering a 850-km distance along the eastern margin of the Northeast Pacific: the inner continental shelf off Newport Oregon (44.6degreesN), the continental shelf and slope off southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia (48-49degreesN), and the continental shelf and slope off northern Vancouver Island (49.5-51.5degreesN). In all three regions, there have been large, low-frequency fluctuations in biomass of the dominant zooplankton taxa. Particularly strong changes in sign and/or slope of the anomaly time series occurred between 1988-1991 and 1998-1999. Time intervals for both transitions coincided with NE Pacific 'regime shifts' identified in other data sets, and also with El Ni (n) over tildeo-La Ni (n) over tildea events. Anomaly time series from southern Vancouver Island and central Oregon were remarkably similar (region-to-region correlations 0.59 and 0.95 for the two best-censused groups of species). Through most of the 1990s, both regions had a strong and cumulative shift to a more 'southerly' copepod fauna. This trend reversed sharply in 1999, following the 1997-1999 ENSO event. Since 1999, abundance of most zooplankton taxa has been similar to the 1970s-mid-1980s. Off southern Vancouver Island, empirical statistical fits to environmental indices derived from the middle part of the time series (1985-1997) also perform well both for earlier (1979-1984) and later (1998-2001) time periods. Off northern Vancouver Island the 1998-1999 changes in the zooplankton community were substantially weaker, although identical in timing and direction to the changes observed off southern Vancouver Island and Oregon. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hadfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Pacific Biol Stn, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Mackas, DL (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, POB 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM mackasd@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 52 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6-9 BP 875 EP 896 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.05.011 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 859MK UT WOS:000224267700026 ER PT J AU Bontempi, PS Yoder, JA AF Bontempi, PS Yoder, JA TI Spatial variability in SeaWiFS imagery of the South Atlantic bight as evidenced by gradients (fronts) in chlorophyll a and water-leaving radiance SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; EDGE-DETECTION; SST IMAGES AB Ocean margin waters contain a host of dissolved and particulate materials of terrestrial and marine origin. The presence of these materials can confound the chlorophyll a (chl a) estimates retrieved by ocean-color satellites' empirical algorithms. We apply edge detection software to chlorophyll a and water-leaving radiance (L-wn) data from 1998 sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) imagery to examine this problem within ocean margin waters off the southeastern continental United States (SEC) and South Atlantic bight (SAB). We identify the location of boundaries differentiating waters containing different backscattering components. Identifying those areas where apparent chl a gradients may be caused by differential backscattering helps to determine the location of those gradients caused by real changes in chl a concentrations. An onshore/offshore phytoplankton gradient and seasonal signal not previously detected in SEC waters was revealed from examination of cross-shelf transect data for the months of the study. Phytoplankton concentrations and associated gradients or fronts were connected with the inner, middle or outer shelf based on the biological response to local physical and atmospheric forcings. River flow and wind stress affect inner shelf chl a distributions, while offshore chl a distributions are controlled by Gulf Stream meanders. Carolina Capes' oceanography influenced chl a frontal variability in that local region. We also explore the possibility of utilizing the edge detection algorithm to delineate boundaries between waters dominated by different algal classes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Bontempi, PS (reprint author), NASA, Code YS,300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM paula.s.bontempi@ntsa.gov OI yoder, james/0000-0002-2700-8681 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 10-11 BP 1019 EP 1032 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.10.011 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 874DH UT WOS:000225330600008 ER PT J AU Okkonen, SR Schmidt, GM Cokelet, ED Stabeno, PJ AF Okkonen, SR Schmidt, GM Cokelet, ED Stabeno, PJ TI Satellite and hydrographic observations of the Bering Sea 'Green Belt' SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SLOPE; SHELF; FRONTS AB Green Belt is the aptly named region of high productivity occurring principally along and above the shelf-slope boundary in the Bering Sea. TOPEX altimeter measurements of sea-surface topography, SeaWiFS imagery of chlorophyll a concentration, and shipboard measurements of salinity and fluorescence are used to describe the surface structure of the Green Belt and its relationship to the Bering Slope Current eddy field during the 2000, 2001, and 2002 spring blooms. During spring 2000, high surface chlorophyll a concentrations (>10 mg m(-3)) were observed within a similar to200-km wide band adjacent to and seaward of the shelf break in the northwest Bering Sea. This high concentration chlorophyll band was associated with an anticyclonic eddy group that propagated along isobaths above the continental slope and entrained chlorophyll from the shelf-slope front. During spring 2001, anticyclonic eddies in the northwest Bering Sea had propagated off-slope prior to the onset of the spring bloom and were too far from the shelf-slope front to entrain frontal chlorophyll during the bloom. A second chlorophyll front associated with the leading edge of the off-slope eddies was observed. Between these two fronts was a region of relatively low chlorophyll a concentration (similar to1 mg m(-3)). The eddy field during the 2002 spring bloom was observed to propagate northwestward adjacent to the shelf-break and entrain chlorophyll from the shelf-slope region in a manner similar to what was observed during the 2000 spring bloom. These observations suggest that eddies are important, if not the principal, agents that cause variability in the distribution of chlorophyll during the spring bloom in the central Bering Sea. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC, SeaWIFS Project, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Okkonen, SR (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM okkonen@alaska.net NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2004 VL 51 IS 10-11 BP 1033 EP 1051 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.08.005 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 874DH UT WOS:000225330600009 ER PT S AU Staguhn, J Benford, D Morris, M Uchida, K AF Staguhn, J Benford, D Morris, M Uchida, K BE Pfalzner, S Kramer, C Staubmeier, C Heithausen, A TI 350 mu m Galactic Center dust observations with SHARC II SO DENSE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM IN GALAXIES SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Cologne-Bonn-Zermatt Symposium on the Dense Interstellar Medium in Galaxies CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Zermatt, SWITZERLAND AB We present first and preliminary submillimeter continuum images of the Galactic Center region obtained with the new Caltech Submillimeter Observatory facility camera SHARE II. The instrument allows 350 pin observations with unprecedented sensitivity and instantaneous spatial coverage. The stability of the SHARC II detectors combined with the large number of available pixels allows a non-differential scanning mode that does not require the observation of a, reference off-source position. Here we present large-scale 350 pm dust continuum images from the Sgr A and Sgr C regions, as well as the detection of sub-mm dust continuum emission from the IRAS 25mum source AFGL5376. This source is produced in a large-scale shock that extends well above the Galactic plane. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Staguhn, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 685, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-21254-X J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2004 VL 91 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAF74 UT WOS:000222028600050 ER PT S AU Sandell, G Wright, M Forster, JR AF Sandell, G Wright, M Forster, JR BE Pfalzner, S Kramer, C Staubmeier, C Heithausen, A TI NGC 7538 S - A high-mass protostar with a rotating disk SO DENSE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM IN GALAXIES SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Cologne-Bonn-Zermatt Symposium on the Dense Interstellar Medium in Galaxies CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Zermatt, SWITZERLAND AB We present new 1.4 mm imaging with the BIMA(3) array of the high mass protostar NGC 7538 S in continuum and several molecular transitions. We resolve the continuum emission at 1.4 mm into an elliptical source with a size of similar to 8" x 3" centered on the OH/H2O maser position. Both DCN and the dust continuum show the elliptical dust disk as well as fainter, more extended emission from the surrounding cloud core. The DCN J = 3 --> 2 maps confirm the velocity gradient seen in (HCN)-C-13 J = 1 --> 0 and show an even larger velocity gradient than seen (HCN)-C-13, although near the center of the accretion disk some of the emission appears to originate from the outflow. (CO)-C-13 J = 2 --> 1 is heavily self absorbed at the cloud velocity, but the line wings show the outflow with a similar extent to that seen in HCO+ J = 1 --> 0. CH3CN J = 11 --> 10 shows a, more centrally condensed (less than or equal to 5") and hotter source coinciding with the center of the accretion disk. The emitting region for CH3CN gets progressively smaller for higher K transitions, which shows that the temperature increases towards the center of the accretion disk. The mass of the continuum "disk" is similar to 85 M-circle dot and the luminosity is similar to10(4) L-circle dot at an assumed distance of 2.8 kpc, while the enclosed mass estimated from DCN gives similar to 80 M-circle dot. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, SOFIA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Sandell, G (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, SOFIA, MS 144-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-21254-X J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2004 VL 91 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAF74 UT WOS:000222028600100 ER PT J AU Kovacs, K Ranson, KJ Sun, GQ Kharuk, VI AF Kovacs, Katalin Ranson, K. Jon Sun, Guoqing Kharuk, Vlacheslav I. TI The Relationship of the Terra MODIS Fire Product and Anthropogenic Features in the Central Siberian Landscape SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Boreal; Fire; Humans AB Fires are a common occurrence in the Siberian boreal forest. The thermal anomalies product of the Terra/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product suite is designed to detect thermal anomalies (i.e., hotspots or fires) on the Earth's surface. Many, but not all, of the hot spots detected by MODIS in Siberia are wild fires. Agricultural burning and industrial activities also contribute. Using MODIS data from the years 2001, 2002, and 2003 along with a geographical information system (GIS), the type, extent, and duration of hot spots were examined. In addition, high correlations were found between the number of fires and proximity to human activities. Different types of land-cover thermal anomalies were found to have a strong, positive correlation with some anthropogenic features, such as roads, human settlements, and mineral industry locations. The agricultural (r(2) = 0.95) and the forest (r(2) = 0.81) thermal anomalies had the highest positive correlation with proximity to roads. The correlation was stronger between burned forests and roads (r(2001)(2) = 0.81, r(2002)(2) = 0.90, r(2003)(2) = 0.88) than between any forested land and roads (r(2) = 0.52). The results indicate that forest fires tend to occur near agricultural fires (r(2001)(2) 0.93, r(2002)(2) = 0.87, r(2003)(2) = 0.94). Anthropogenic feature and land-cover thermal anomaly (LCTA) relationships tend to be stronger in a high fire year (2003) than in a low fire year (2001). This alone does imply causation, but might be an indicator of natural and anthropogenic factors acting together to shape where and when fires are burning. These findings have important implications for carbon and climate modelers wishing to use MODIS products to quantify and predict carbon storage and climate change. C1 [Kovacs, Katalin] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Ranson, K. Jon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sun, Guoqing] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kharuk, Vlacheslav I.] Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. RP Kovacs, K (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. EM kkovacs@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012 OI Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270 FU NASA's Office for Earth Sciences FX This work was funded by NASA's Office for Earth Sciences. Thanks to Marc Imhoff for access to DMSP stable lights data. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2004 VL 8 AR 18 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V04OA UT WOS:000207066500018 ER PT J AU McDonald, KC Kimball, JS Njoku, E Zimmermann, R Zhao, MS AF McDonald, Kyle C. Kimball, John S. Njoku, Eni Zimmermann, Reiner Zhao, Maosheng TI Variability in Springtime Thaw in the Terrestrial High Latitudes: Monitoring a Major Control on the Biospheric Assimilation of Atmospheric CO(2) with Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Net primary production; Freeze thaw AB Evidence is presented from the satellite microwave remote sensing record that the timing of seasonal thawing and subsequent initiation of the growing season in early spring has advanced by approximately 8 days from 1988 to 2001 for the pan-Arctic basin and Alaska. These trends are highly variable across the region, with North America experiencing a larger advance relative to Eurasia and the entire region. Interannual variability in the timing of spring thaw as detected from the remote sensing record corresponded directly to seasonal anomalies in mean atmospheric CO(2) concentrations for the region, including the timing of the seasonal draw down of atmospheric CO(2) from terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) in spring, and seasonal maximum and minimum CO(2) concentrations. The timing of the seasonal thaw for a given year was also found to be a significant (P < 0.01) predictor of the seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO(2) for the following year. These results imply that the timing of seasonal thawing in spring has a major impact on terrestrial NPP and net carbon exchange at high latitudes. The initiation of the growing season has also been occurring earlier, on average, over the time period addressed in this study and may be a major mechanism driving observed atmospheric CO(2) seasonal cycle advances, vegetation greening, and enhanced productivity for the northern high latitudes. C1 [McDonald, Kyle C.; Njoku, Eni] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Kimball, John S.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Kimball, John S.; Zhao, Maosheng] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Zimmermann, Reiner] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. RP McDonald, KC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 300-233,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. EM kyle.mcdonald@jpl.nasa.gov RI Zhao, Maosheng/G-5706-2010 FU National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Earth Science Enterprise FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Martin Heimann (MaxPlanck-Institute for Biogeochemisty, Jena, Germany) and Dr. Olga Shibistova (Sukachev Forest Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnojarsk, Russia) for providing the Zotino dataset. NOAA/NASA Pathfinder SSM/I Level 3 EASE- Grid Brightness Temperatures were obtained from the EOSDIS NSIDC Distributed Active Archive Center (NSIDC DAAC), University of Colorado. We are grateful for the assistance with data processing and algorithm development provided by Charles Thompson, Mauricio Cordero, Daniel Wu, Veasna Sok, and Jason Kwok- San Lee. This work was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Earth Science Enterprise. This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and at the University of Montana, Missoula, under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 60 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2004 VL 8 AR 20 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V04OA UT WOS:000207066500020 ER PT J AU Potter, C Zhang, PS Klooster, S Genovese, V Shekhar, S Kumar, V AF Potter, Christopher Zhang, Pusheng Klooster, Steven Genovese, Vanessa Shekhar, Shashi Kumar, Vipin TI Understanding Controls on Historical River Discharge in the World's Largest Drainage Basins SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE River discharge; Land use; Climate AB Long-term (20 yr) river discharge records from 30 of the world's largest river basins have been used to characterize surface hydrologic flows in relation to net precipitation inputs, ocean climate teleconnections, and human land/water use patterns. This groundwork study is presented as a precedent to distributed simulation modeling of surface hydrologic flows in large river basins. Correlation analysis is used as a screening method to classify river basins into categories based on major controls on discharge, for example, climate, land use, and dams. Comparisons of paired station records at upstream and downstream discharge locations within each major river basin suggest that the discharge signals represented in upstream discharge records are sustained in the downstream station records for nearly two-thirds of the drainage basins selected. River basins that showed the strongest localized climate control over historical discharge records, in terms of correlations with net basinwide precipitation rates, are located mainly in the seasonally warm temperate and tropical latitude zones, as opposed to river basins located mainly in the higher latitude zones (above 45 degrees N). Ocean climate indices such as the Nino1+2 and Nino3+4 correlate highly with historical interannual patterns in monthly river discharge for only four of the selected discharge station records, namely, on the Amazon, Congo (Zaire), Columbia, and Colorado (Arizona) Rivers. Historical patterns of cropland development and irrigated areas may explain the weak climate correlations with interannual patterns in monthly river discharge rates for at least one-third of the major river drainages selected from the historical discharge dataset. This paper is part of a special theme issue on land use and ecosystems. C1 [Potter, Christopher] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Zhang, Pusheng; Shekhar, Shashi; Kumar, Vipin] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Klooster, Steven; Genovese, Vanessa] Calif State Univ, Seaside, CA USA. RP Potter, C (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov FU NASA programs in Intelligent Systems and Intelligent Data Understanding; NASA Earth Observing System ( EOS) Interdisciplinary Science Program FX This work was supported by grants from NASA programs in Intelligent Systems and Intelligent Data Understanding, and the NASA Earth Observing System ( EOS) Interdisciplinary Science Program. The authors thank Michael Coe and Dennis Lettenmaier for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2004 VL 8 AR 2 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V04OA UT WOS:000207066500002 ER PT S AU Xiong, X Chiang, K Sun, J Che, N Barnes, W AF Xiong, X Chiang, K Sun, J Che, N Barnes, W BE Barnes, WL Butler, JJ TI MODIS on-orbit calibration: Key issues and approaches SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems IX CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE MODIS; EOS terra; EOS aqua; radiometer; on-board calibrators; calibration; solar diffuser; blackbody ID REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS; ASSEMBLY SRCA; TERRA MODIS AB MODIS, one of the key instruments for the NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS), is currently operating on both the Terra and Aqua spacecraft making continuous observations in 36 spectral bands from 0.4 to 14.5mum. A complete suite of on-board calibrators (OBC) have been designed for the instruments on-orbit calibration and characterization, including a solar diffuser (SD) and solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM) system for the radiometric calibration of the 20 reflective solar bands (RSB), a blackbody (BB) for the radiometric calibration of the 16 thermal emissive bands (TEB), and a spectro-radiometric calibration assembly (SRCA) for the spatial (all bands) and spectral (RSB only) characterization. The task of continuously performing high quality on-orbit calibration and characterization of all 36 spectral bands with a total of 490 detectors located on four focal plane assemblies is extremely challenging. The use of a large two-sided paddle wheel scan mirror with a +/-55degrees scan angle range and a retractable pinhole attenuation screen in front of the SD panel for calibrating the high gain bands have resulted in additional unanticipated complexity. In this paper, we describe some of the key issues in the Terra and Aqua MODIS on-orbit calibration and characterization, and discuss the methods developed to solve these problems or to reduce their impact on the Level 1B calibration algorithms. Instrument performance and current issues are also presented. C1 NASA GSFC, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xiong, X (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5480-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5542 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1117/12.558191 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ15 UT WOS:000225736400003 ER PT S AU Pagano, TS Aumann, HH Elliott, D Broberg, SE AF Pagano, TS Aumann, HH Elliott, D Broberg, SE BE Barnes, WL Butler, JJ TI AIRS infrared polarization sensitivity and in-flight observations SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems IX CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE AIRS; atmosphere; ocean polarization; infrared AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is a space-based instrument that measures the upwelling atmospheric spectrum in the infrared. AIRS is one of several instruments on the EOS-Aqua spacecraft launched on May 4, 2002. Typically, instrument polarization is not a concern in the infrared because the scene is usually not significantly polarized. A small amount of polarization is expected over ocean, which can be seen in the AIRS 3.7 mum window channels. The polarization is seen as a signal difference between two channels with the same center frequency but different polarizations. The observations are compared to a model that relies on measurements of instrument polarization made pre-flight. A first look at a comparison of the observations of sea surface polarization to expectations is presented. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pagano, TS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5480-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5542 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.557435 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ15 UT WOS:000225736400005 ER PT S AU Flittner, DE Hilsenrath, E Janz, SJ Loughman, RP McPeters, RD Rault, DF AF Flittner, DE Hilsenrath, E Janz, SJ Loughman, RP McPeters, RD Rault, DF BE Barnes, WL Butler, JJ TI Retrievals from the limb ozone retrieval experiment on STS107 SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems IX CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE limb scatter; ozone profile; stratospheric aerosol extinction AB The Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite will produce ozone profiles using the limb scatter technique. While this technique has been used in the 1980s for mesospheric retrievals with data from the Solar Mesospheric Explorer, its use for the stratosphere and upper troposphere is relatively recent. To increase the scientific experience with this method, the Limb Ozone Retrieval Experiment LORE was flown on-board STS107 in 2003. A significant amount of data from thirteen orbits was down-linked during the mission and exists for analysis. LORE was an imaging filter radiometer, consisting of a linear diode array, five interference filters (plus a blank for dark current) and a simple telescope with color correcting optics. The wavelengths for the channels were 322, 3507 6021 675 & 1000 nm and can be viewed as a minimum set of measurements needed for ozone profiling from 50 km to 10 km. The temporal sampling of the channels, along with the shuttle orbital and attitude (e.g. pitch) motions present a challenge in retrieving precise ozone profiles. Presented are the retrieval algorithms for determination of the channels altitude scale, cloud top height and aerosol extinction. Also shown are a sub-set of flight data and the corresponding retrieved ozone profiles. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Flittner, DE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RI McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013 OI McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5480-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5542 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1117/12.559746 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ15 UT WOS:000225736400023 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Doelling, DR Minnis, P Ayers, MK AF Nguyen, L Doelling, DR Minnis, P Ayers, MK BE Barnes, WL Butler, JJ TI Rapid technique to cross calibrate satellite imager visible channels SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems IX CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE calibration; GOES-8; GOES-10; GOES-12; AVHRR; meteosat-7; meteosat-8; MODIS; visible; imager ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; POSTLAUNCH CALIBRATION; NOAA-14 SPACECRAFT; AVHRR AB Rapid and accurate calibrations of satellite imager sensors are critical for remote sensing of surface, cloud and radiative properties. A post-launch technique has been developed to routinely cross calibrate and normalize the imager visible (VIS) channel on-board operational geostationary (GEO) and low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites. As a reference calibration source, this simple approach uses the self-calibrating sensor from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) to calibrate other GEO and LEO satellites. The VIRS sensors have been found to be a stable and reliable reference source. This technique uses VIRS to calibrate the eighth Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-8) VIS sensor using collocated data with similar viewing zenith, solar zenith, and relative azimuth angles. GOES-8 is then used as a transfer medium to cross calibrate other GEO and LEO satellites. Post-launch VIS (similar to0.65 mum) calibration coefficients for GOES-8. -9, -10, -12, Meteosat-7, -8, and NOAA-14 AVHRR satellites are presented. GOES-8 had a non-linear degradation rate of 11% the first year of operational service and 4% in last year before it was decommissioned. GOES-9 degraded linearly at 7.9% per year during 1995-1998. GOES-10 degraded 12% the first year and 1.6% less each year after that. GOES-12 degraded 6% per year. The VIRS visible channel calibration is in good agreement with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on-board the Terra and Aqua satellites supporting its use as a reference. C1 NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5480-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5542 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.1117/12.560138 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ15 UT WOS:000225736400024 ER PT S AU Waluschka, E Xiong, XX Moyer, D Guenther, B Barnes, W Salomonson, VV AF Waluschka, E Xiong, XX Moyer, D Guenther, B Barnes, W Salomonson, VV BE Barnes, WL Butler, JJ TI Modeling studies of the MODIS solar diffuser attenuation screen and comparison with on-orbit measurements SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems IX CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE TERRA; MODIS; radiometry; solar; calibration; simulation AB The MODIS instrument relies on solar calibration to achieve the required radiometric accuracy. This solar calibration occurs as the TERRA spacecraft comes up over the North Pole. The earth underneath the spacecraft is still dark for approximately one minute and the sun is just rising over the earth's north polar regions. During this time the sun moves through about 3.3 degrees, the scan mirror rotates about 19 times and about 50 exposures (frames) are taken each time the field of view is directed to the approximate center (sweet spot) of the solar diffuser. For some of MODIS's bands the brightness of the diffuser is reduced, to prevent detector saturation, by means of a retractable pinhole screen, which produces approximately 600 pinhole images of the sun, within the field of view of any one detector. Previous attempts at creating a radiometric model of this, reduced intensity, calibration scenario produced intensity variations on the focal planes with insufficient detail to be useful. The current computational approach, gets around these limitations and is fast enough to permit simulation of the motion of the sun and the scan mirror. The results resemble the observed focal plane temporal and spatial intensity variations well enough to be useful. The computational approach is described and a comparison with observational data is presented. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Waluschka, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 551-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5480-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5542 BP 342 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.560755 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ15 UT WOS:000225736400035 ER PT S AU Ramapriyan, H McConaughy, G Morse, S Isaac, D AF Ramapriyan, H McConaughy, G Morse, S Isaac, D BE Barnes, WL Butler, JJ TI Intelligent systems technologies to assist in utilization of Earth observation data SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems IX CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE intelligent archives; data utilization; knowledge building systems; data mining; knowledge discovery; earth observing system; remote sensing; intelligent data understanding; distributed systems; sensor webs AB With the launch of several Earth observing satellites over the last decade, we are now in a "data rich" environment. From NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites alone, we are accumulating more than 3.5 TB per day of raw data and derived geophysical parameters. The data products are being distributed to a large user community that includes scientific researchers, educators and operational government agencies. Notable progress has been made in the last decade in facilitating access to data. However, to realize the full potential of the growing archives of valuable scientific data, further progress is necessary in the transformation of data into information, and information into knowledge that can be used in particular applications. This paper discusses the concept of an Intelligent Archive in the context of a Knowledge Building system (IA-KBS), with six key capabilities: Virtual Product Generation, Significant Event Detection, Automated Data Quality Assessment, Large-Scale Data Mining, Dynamic Feedback Loop, and Data Discovery and Efficient Requesting. Technologies enabling these capabilities are identified. Many of these technologies are in development today by NSF, NASA and industry sponsorship. These can be taken advantage of for evolving the current generation of data and information systems into the visionary IA-KBS. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ramapriyan, H (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5480-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5542 BP 384 EP 394 DI 10.1117/12.559668 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ15 UT WOS:000225736400039 ER PT J AU Rundle, JB Rundle, PB Donnellan, A Fox, G AF Rundle, JB Rundle, PB Donnellan, A Fox, G TI Gutenberg-Richter statistics in topologically realistic system-level earthquake stress-evolution simulations SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd General Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and Geophysics CY JUL, 2003 CL Sapporo, JAPAN SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys DE earthquakes; simulations; forecasting; stress; interactions; complex systems; scaling; systems ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PREDICTION; FIELD; MODEL AB We discuss the problem of earthquake forecasting in the context of new models for the dynamics based on statistical physics. Here we focus on new, topologically realistic system-level approaches to the modeling of earthquake faults. We show that the frictional failure physics of earthquakes in these complex, topologically realistic models leads to self-organization of the statistical dynamics, and produces statistical distributions characterizing the activity, notably the Gutenberg-Richter magnitude frequency distribution, that are similar to those observed in nature. In particular, we show that a parameterization of friction that includes a simple representation of a dynamic stress intensity factor is needed to organize the dynamics. We also show that the slip distributions for synthetic events obtained in the model are also similar to those observed in nature C1 Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Rundle, JB (reprint author), Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM rundle@physics.ucdavis.edu NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2004 VL 56 IS 8 BP 761 EP 771 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 854BQ UT WOS:000223875500007 ER PT J AU Kim, HR von Frese, RRB Golynsky, AV Taylor, PT Kim, JW AF Kim, HR von Frese, RRB Golynsky, AV Taylor, PT Kim, JW TI Application of satellite magnetic observations for estimating near-surface magnetic anomalies SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE crustal magnetic anomaly; satellite data; ADMAP; least squares inversion ID SPHERICAL-EARTH GRAVITY; UNITED-STATES; MAGSAT DATA; GLOBAL VECTOR; MAPS; INVERSION; CANADA; FIELD; CURVATURE; MODEL AB Regional to continental scale magnetic anomaly maps are becoming increasingly available from airborne, ship-borne, and terrestrial surveys. Satellite data are commonly considered to fill the coverage gaps in regional compilations of these near-surface surveys. For the near-surface Antarctic magnetic anomaly map being produced by the Antarctic Digital Magnetic Anomaly Project (ADMAP), we show that near-surface magnetic anomaly estimation is greatly enhanced by the joint inversion of the near-surface data with Orsted satellite observations compared to Magsat data that have order-of-magnitude greater measurement errors, albeit collected at much lower orbital altitudes. The CHAMP satellite is observing the geomagnetic field with the same measurement accuracy as the Orsted mission, but at the lower orbital altitudes covered by Magsat. Hence, additional significant improvement in predicting near-surface magnetic anomalies can result as lithospheric magnetic anomaly data from the CHAMP mission become available. Our analysis also suggests that a further order-of-magnitude improvement in the accuracy of the magnetometer measurements at minimum orbital altitude may reveal considerable new insight into the magnetic properties of the lithosphere. C1 Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore Cty, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. VNIIOkenageol, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. Sejong Univ, Dept Geoinformat Engn, Seoul 143747, South Korea. RP Kim, HR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore Cty, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kimhr@core2.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Taylor, Patrick/D-4707-2012 OI Taylor, Patrick/0000-0002-1212-9384 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2004 VL 56 IS 10 BP 955 EP 966 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 870ZM UT WOS:000225097700003 ER PT B AU Vassiliadis, D Klimas, AJ Fung, SF Baker, DN Weigel, RS Kanekal, S AF Vassiliadis, D Klimas, AJ Fung, SF Baker, DN Weigel, RS Kanekal, S BE Daglis, IA TI Structure and dynamics of the outer radiation belt - Implications for space weather modeling and forecasting SO EFFECTS OF SPACE WEATHER ON TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure CY MAR 25-29, 2003 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP NATO DE magnetic storms; radiation belts; particle acceleration; MHD waves and instabilities; solar wind; magnetosphere-inner; solar wind/magnetosphere interactions; solar cycle; forecasting; space weather; time series analysis ID MAGNETIC-FIELD MEASUREMENTS; SOLAR-WIND VELOCITY; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; HIGH-LATITUDES; WAVE POWER; ULF POWER; ACCELERATION; PREDICTION AB Since the early 1990s a series of spacecraft missions have completely transformed our view of the electron radiation belts. This paper summarizes a number of new results on the structure and dynamics of the belts obtained from those measurements. First, the structure of the outer electron belt is discussed with emphasis on the regions (P-0-P-2) distinguished on the basis of the time variations of the electron flux. Each region is characterized by distinct set of acceleration and loss processes. While these processes are traditionally represented by diffusion models, new empirical models have emerged in the last decade. These models are developed from the observed dynamics of the flux as a function of L shell and energy. We have developed such models in each Pi region, and introduce methods of writing them as empirical diffusion-convection models. Since any realistic space weather model must be driven by interplanetary activity parameters, we discuss the development of input-output models (filters) focusing on those driven by the solar wind velocity. In addition to the plasma velocity, other solar wind and IMF parameters are important for each outer-belt region. Taken together, these parameters describe geoeffective solar wind structures. This precursor information can be used to advance the forecast lead time. The expected impact of these modeling approaches to radiation belt forecasting is discussed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Vassiliadis, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Fung, Shing/F-5647-2012 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2747-8 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 176 BP 43 EP 64 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BBH11 UT WOS:000225480300003 ER PT B AU Brekke, P Chaloupy, M Fleck, B Haugan, SV van Overbeek, T Schweitzer, H AF Brekke, P Chaloupy, M Fleck, B Haugan, SV van Overbeek, T Schweitzer, H BE Daglis, IA TI Space weather effects on SOHO and its space weather warning capabilities SO EFFECTS OF SPACE WEATHER ON TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure CY MAR 25-29, 2003 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP NATO DE Sun; space weather; space environment and effects AB Since its launch on 2 December 1995, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory(SOHO) has provided an unparalleled breadth and depth of information about the Sun, from its interior, through the hot and dynamic atmosphere, and out to the solar wind. In addition SOHO has several times demonstrated its leading role in the early-warning system for space weather. SOHO is in a halo orbit around L1 Lagrangian point where it views the Sun 24 hours a day. Thus, it is situated outside the Earth's protective magnetosphere which shields other satellites from high energy particles and the solar wind. We present a summary of the observed effects on the instruments and electronics on SOHO throughout the mission. In particular we focus on a number of large particle events during the recent years while the Sun was approaching maximum activity, and how they affected both the scientific data as well as hardware components. C1 European Space Agcy, GSFC, RSSD, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Brekke, P (reprint author), European Space Agcy, GSFC, RSSD, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Fleck, Bernhard/C-9520-2012 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2747-8 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 176 BP 109 EP 122 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BBH11 UT WOS:000225480300006 ER PT B AU Barth, JL AF Barth, JL BE Daglis, IA TI Prevention of spacecraft anomalies - The role of space climate and space weather models SO EFFECTS OF SPACE WEATHER ON TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure CY MAR 25-29, 2003 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP NATO DE NASA; ESA; space weather; space climate; anomaly prevention ID 1991 SSC; MARCH 24; MICROELECTRONICS; ENVIRONMENT; SIMULATION; FLUENCES AB Space-based systems are developing into critical infrastructure to support the quality of life on Earth. Mission requirements along with rapidly evolving technologies have outpaced efforts to accommodate detrimental space environment impacts on systems. This chapter describes approaches to accommodate space climate and space weather impacts on systems and notes areas where gaps in model development limit our ability to prevent spacecraft anomalies. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Data Syst & Radiat Effects Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barth, JL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Data Syst & Radiat Effects Branch, Code 561, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2747-8 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 176 BP 123 EP 145 PG 23 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BBH11 UT WOS:000225480300007 ER PT B AU Denney, E Fischer, B Schumann, J AF Denney, E Fischer, B Schumann, J GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Adding assurance to automatically generated code SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering CY MAR 25-26, 2004 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCDP, Univ S Florida, Natl Inst Syst Test & Product AB Code to estimate position and attitude of a spacecraft or aircraft belongs to the most safety-critical parts of flight software. The complex underlying mathematics and abundance of design details make it error-prone and reliable implementations costly. AutoFilter is a program synthesis tool for the automatic generation of state estimation code from compact specifications. It can automatically produce additional safety certificates which formally guarantee that each generated program individually satisfies a set of important safety policies. These safety policies (e.g., array-bounds, variable initialization)form a core of properties which are essential for high-assurance software. Here we describe the AutoFilter system and its certificate generator and compare our approach to the static analysis tool PolySpace. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Denney, E (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2094-4 PY 2004 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1109/HASE.2004.1281768 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96K UT WOS:000189505900041 ER PT B AU Gaskins, T Alfonso, B Hogan, P AF Gaskins, T Alfonso, B Hogan, P TI Some educational technologies under development at NASA SO EISTA '04: International Conference on Education and Information Systems: Technologies and Applications, Vol, 2, Proceedings: EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Education and Information Systems - Technologies and Application CY JUL 21-25, 2004 CL Orlando, FL DE earth science; space science; electron microscopy; mathematics software; software for the blind AB In this report we describe four new educational software technologies being developed at NASA. These applications are in their second year of development; several arc available to the public in early-access form. NASA does not intend to charge for the distribution or use of these applications, or for the use of the NASA data these applications visualize. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2004 BP 170 EP 175 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BBX16 UT WOS:000228210300034 ER PT S AU Fuerstenau, S Wilson, G AF Fuerstenau, S Wilson, G BE Morgan, H TI A particle charge spectrometer for determining the charge and size of individual dust grains on Mars SO ELECTROSTATICS 2003 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Electrostatics CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Inst Phys, Electrostat Grp HO Heriot Watt Univ AB Airborne dust is a primary factor influencing climate on Mars. Electrostatic charge carried by dust particles can play a role in their suspension, settling, and adhesion to spacecraft surfaces. Furthermore, the possibility for atmospheric discharges on Mars and the likelihood of associated hazards to robotic exploration remains an open and important question. In order to understand these aspects of the Martian surface environment, NASA is developing a portable instrument capable of measuring the charge and size of airborne particles. In the Particle Charge Spectrometer (PCS) the measurement of charge is based on direct capacitive coupling to a charge sensitive pre-amplifier. Aerodynamic particle diameter in the range from 2 to 100 micrometers is determined from the particle velocity in the sample inlet tube. Currently the field-portable device can measure charge on single particles with an error of less than 180 electronic charges and at a rate of over 200 particles per second. The goal of the research is to provide this measurement capability in an instrument that weighs under a kilogram and will operate in the Martian atmosphere with just a few watts of power. This paper describes the instrument and preliminary data from laboratory and field tests. The measurement approach is presented in the context of earlier particle charge instruments. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fuerstenau, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0949-0 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2004 IS 178 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BAU38 UT WOS:000223608600023 ER PT S AU Brown, LR Naumenko, OV Polovtseva, ER Sinitsa, LN AF Brown, LR Naumenko, OV Polovtseva, ER Sinitsa, LN BE Matvienko, GG Lukin, VP TI Hydrogen sulfide absorption spectrum in the 8400-8900 cm(-1) spectral SO ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEAN OPTICS /ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics and Atmospheric Physics CY JUN 23-26, 2004 CL Tomsk, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Inst Solar-Terrestrial Phys, SPIE Russia Chapter, Russian Fdn Basic Res DE hydrogen sulfide absorption spectrum; spectra assignment; effective Hamiltonian; local mode effect ID INFRARED-SPECTRUM; (H2S)-S-32 AB The hydrogen Sulfide absorption spectrum in the 8400 - 8900 cm(-1) spectral region, recorded at Kitt Peak National Observatory(1) with Fourier transform spectrometer has been assigned and modeled within the effective Hamiltonian approach. Three hundred and fifty six precise energy levels were derived from the spectrum analysis for the (211), (112), (032), (131), and (230) states of the second decade. These levels were modeled using Watson-type rotational Hamiltonian with consideration strong Coriolis and weak Fermi resonance interactions. The RMS deviation of the fitting for the main (H2S)-S-32 isotope species represented 0.006 cm(-1) with 59 adjustable parameters. New evaluations of the vibrational energies E-v=8539.5617 cm(-1) for the (131)-(000) band, E-v=8637.1601 cm(-1) for the (032)-(000) band and E-v=8539.9253 cm(-1) for the (230)-(000) band have been obtained. The line intensities were fitted with rms deviation of 15%. The results obtained are compared with recent study. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5717-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5743 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.606253 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics GA BBN67 UT WOS:000226289100001 ER PT S AU Maleki, L Savchenkov, AA Matsko, AB Ilchenko, VS AF Maleki, L Savchenkov, AA Matsko, AB Ilchenko, VS BE Pirich, AR Hayduk, MJ Donkor, E TI Tunable filters and time delays with coupled whispering gallery mode resonators SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications VI CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE whispering gallery modes; tunable optical filter; high-order optical filter; tunable delay lines ID MICROSPHERE RESONATORS; MICRORING RESONATORS; MICRORESONATORS; SWITCHES AB We demonstrate tunable optical filters fabricated from metalized lithium niobate disk resonators and discuss further applications of the resonator chains for tunable photonic delay lines. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Matsko, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5358-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5435 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1117/12.548221 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAV43 UT WOS:000223764800022 ER PT B AU Clancey, WJ Sierhuis, M Alena, R Crawford, S Dowding, J Graham, J Kaskiris, C Tyree, KS van Hoof, R AF Clancey, WJ Sierhuis, M Alena, R Crawford, S Dowding, J Graham, J Kaskiris, C Tyree, KS van Hoof, R BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Mobile agents: A distributed voice-commanded sensory and robotic system for surface EVA assistance SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB ID INFRASTRUCTURE AB A model-based, distributed architecture integrates diverse components in a system designed for lunar and planetary surface operations: spacesuit biosensors, cameras, GPS, and a robotic assistant. The system transmits data and assists communication between the extra-vehicular activity (EVA) astronauts, the crew in a local habitat, and a remote mission support team. Software processes ("agents"), implemented in a system called Brahms, run on multiple, mobile platforms, including the spacesuit backpacks, all-terrain vehicles, and robot. These "mobile agents" interpret and transform available data to help people and robotic systems coordinate their actions to make operations more safe and efficient. Different types of agents relate platforms to each other ("proxy agents"), devices to software ("comm agents"), and people to the system ("personal agents"). A state-of-the-art spoken dialogue interface enables people to communicate with their personal agents, supporting a speech-driven navigation and scheduling tool, field observation record, and rover command system. An important aspect of the engineering methodology involves first simulating the entire hardware and software system in Brahms, and then configuring the agents into a runtime system. Design of mobile agent functionality has been based on ethnographic observation of scientists working in Mars analog settings in the High Canadian Arctic on Devon Island and the southeast Utah desert (Clancey 2002a). The Mobile Agents system is developed iteratively in the context of use, with people doing authentic work. This paper provides a brief introduction to the architecture and emphasizes the method of empirical requirements analysis, through which observation, modeling, design, and testing are integrated in simulated EVA operations. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Computat Sci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. RP Clancey, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Computat Sci Div, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400013 ER PT B AU Estes, LR AF Estes, LR BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Identification, sourcing, and prevention of orbiter window haze SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB AB Since the earliest flights of the Space Transportation System Orbiter, a slight "fogging" of the external window glass has been observed. The engineers responsible for the technical and operational aspects of the window system have commonly referred to this fogging of the glass as "haze" The haze had become a troubling technical aspect of the Orbiter window system since its cumulative (flight after flight) development was degrading the viewing properties through the window and distracting the flight crew from their immediate tasks. This paper will explain the history of the haze on the orbiter windows, describing what it is, what causes it, and how it is now being prevented. It will describe the early attempts to identify and source the problem, most of which came to incorrect conclusions. This paper will demonstrate how taking a fresh look at a problem without a preconceived idea of what the outcome should be allows a logical investigative methodology to correctly identify and characterize the problem and lead to the implementation of solutions to prevent the problem. C1 NASA, JSC, Struct Engn Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Estes, LR (reprint author), NASA, JSC, Struct Engn Div, Mail Code ES2,2101 Nasa Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400044 ER PT B AU Steinberg, SL Alexander, JID Daidzic, N Jones, S Reddi, L Tuller, M Kluitenberg, G Xiao, M AF Steinberg, SL Alexander, JID Daidzic, N Jones, S Reddi, L Tuller, M Kluitenberg, G Xiao, M BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Flow and distribution of fluid phases through porous plant growth media in microgravity SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB ID LIQUID RETENTION; IN-SPACE; FLIGHT; PORE AB Results from plant growth experiments utilizing particulate growth media during space flight revealed difficulties associated with providing reliable and reproducible water and air supply to plant roots. These limitations have been attributed to insufficient understanding of liquid configuration and growth media transport processes in reduced gravity. This information gap has made it impossible to determine whether culturing technique or microgravity significantly effects water and air transport through particulate media in microgravity. The objective of this NASA-funded research program is the quantitative characterization of physical processes associated with flow of wetting and nonwetting phases in particulate plant growth media that are essential for successful design and control of plant production systems during space flight. C1 NASA, JSC, Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Steinberg, SL (reprint author), NASA, JSC, Univ Space Res Assoc, Mail Code EC3, Houston, TX 77058 USA. OI Tuller, Markus/0000-0003-3659-2768 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 325 EP 332 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400046 ER PT B AU Daidzic, NE Fantazzini, P Altobelli, S Schmidt, E Alexander, JID AF Daidzic, NE Fantazzini, P Altobelli, S Schmidt, E Alexander, JID BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Pore-size-distribution and porosity measurements in soil porous media by MRI SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB ID MULTIEXPONENTIAL DECAY DATA; UNIFORM-PENALTY INVERSION; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS AB Agriculture in micro gravity is an important practical problem. Understanding the transport and distribution of water within soils is fundamental, yet classical methods don't provide information on all scales of interest. In this collaborative study, NMR imaging and relaxometry methods are being evaluated as tools for studying soil mechanics. C1 NASA, NCMR, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Daidzic, NE (reprint author), NASA, NCMR, John H Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. OI FANTAZZINI, PAOLA/0000-0002-4203-540X NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 362 EP 367 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400051 ER PT B AU Finger, BW AF Finger, BW BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Optimizing the ion exchange process for purification of spacecraft wastewater SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB AB Separate cation and anion ion exchange (DC), coupled with vacuum-assisted or gas-sweep desorbtion of dissolved carbon dioxide gas, is routinely utilized in terrestrial applications to increase IX bed life by reducing inorganic carbon loading. Successful application of this mature industrial process to spacecraft wastewater processing has the potential to significantly reduce IX bed volume when compared to current mixed-media IX beds. However, potential complications that could offset these benefits include production of free gas and low pH downstream of the cation exchange bed. The purpose of this work was to: (1) Determine the magnitude of these complications, (2) Measure the inorganic contaminant removal effectiveness of Amberjet UP 1400 Strong Acid Cation (SAC) and UP4000 Strong Base Anion (SBA) exchange resins, and (3) Quantify the carbon dioxide removal effectiveness of a commercial off-the-shelf membrane contactor (MC) using vacuum-assist. Test results showed: (1) Amberjet UP1400 Strong Acid Cation (SAC) and UP4000 Strong Base Anion (SBA) ion exchange (IX) resins effectively removed all measured inorganic contaminants prior to bed breakthrough, (2) the configuration of a cation IX (CIX) bed followed by a membrane contactor (MC) for vacuum desorption of carbon dioxide removed an average of 91% of the inorganic carbon from the process stream, and (3) there was no measurable adverse effect on the materials of construction. These results indicate that the imposed design challenges are minimal, and that this process can be incorporated into spacecraft wastewater processing applications. C1 NASA, JSC, Honeywell Airframe Syst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Finger, BW (reprint author), NASA, JSC, Honeywell Airframe Syst, M-S EC3,2101 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 399 EP 406 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400056 ER PT B AU Poritz, DH Steinberg, SL Haddock, D AF Poritz, DH Steinberg, SL Haddock, D BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Experimental design and analysis for limited resources SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB AB Limited numbers of experimental units are a pervasive constraint on experiments both in microgravity and for many ground-based experiments analogous to microgravity. An experiment to compare two methods of measuring hydraulic conductivity (K) in particulate plant growth media serves as a case study for experimental design and analysis for limited resources. This case study explores balanced, optimal cross-over designs, repeated measurements, orthogonal polynomials, imputation of missing data, assessment of distributional assumptions, and tests of equivalence. C1 Johnson Space Ctr, Hernandez Engn, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Poritz, DH (reprint author), Johnson Space Ctr, Hernandez Engn, Mail Stop C77,2101 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 421 EP 428 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400059 ER PT B AU Kuguoglu, L Abumeri, G Chamis, CC AF Kuguoglu, L Abumeri, G Chamis, CC BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Effects of uncertainties in advanced engine structures SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB AB The structural performance of compressor composite blades of advanced engine concepts is assessed in the - presence of uncertainties in the leading edge pressure, fabrication process variables, and material properties. The probabilistic evaluation is performed through the NASA Engine Structures Technology Benefit Estimator computer code [EST/BEST]. EST/BEST software system is multi-factor, multi-scale, and multi-disciplinary software system to analyze the engine structures (Abumeri, 1997). The effect of scatter in the primitive variables on the durability of the blade is quantified. The probabilistic analysis indicates that the high reliability fracture rotor speed is about 2.5 times the design speed. The results from the sensitivity analysis indicated that leading edge pressure uncertainty has significant effect on structural durability. The computational methodology that is presented in this paper is generic and can be applied to perform reliability and risk assessment of other types of structures. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, QSS Grp Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Kuguoglu, L (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, QSS Grp Inc, MS,GESS,QSS,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 499 EP 506 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400069 ER PT B AU Estes, LR Edelstein, KS AF Estes, LR Edelstein, KS BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Engineering of windows for the International Space Station SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB AB 100% of the ISS windows are manufactured from glass. As a structural material, glass is a poor choice for use in pressure vessels when failure will result in the loss of life. Structural use of glass has several difficulties. First, glass is a brittle material and fails without indication of imminent overload. Additionally, minor flaws in the surface of glass can have significant impacts on the structural integrity (ultimate strength) of material. Finally, glass is susceptible static fatigue. This material property causes the loss of ultimate strength in the material over time when the glass is under load. The windows on the ISS are exposed to a hostile environment that includes bombardment from tiny micrometeoroids that damage the material surface. Additionally, since the material is employed as part of the pressure shell, it will be constantly loaded with one atmosphere of pressure for the 15 year life. With each of the unique material problems associated with glass, how does NASA ensure the structural integrity of the ISS windows? This paper describes how NASA technically mitigates the risks associated with engineering using this difficult material. C1 NASA, JSC, Struct Engn Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Estes, LR (reprint author), NASA, JSC, Struct Engn Div, Mail Code ES2,2101 Nasa Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 580 EP 584 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400081 ER PT B AU Connolly, JF AF Connolly, JF BE Malla, RB Maji, A TI Estimating the integrated radiation dose for a conjunction-class mars mission using early MARIE data SO ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS: EARTH AND SPACE 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environment CY MAR 07-10, 2004 CL League City Houston, TX SP ASCE Aerosp Div, Aerosp Corp, Boeing Co, Hamilton Sundstrand Space Syst Int, NASA Headquarters, NASA Johnson Space Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB AB The Martian Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE) instrument is currently orbiting Mars aboard the Mars Odyssey spacecraft. During its cruise to Mars, it returned radiation environment data from interplanetary space, and now in Mars orbit, it continues to measure the radiation dose contributions of both Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and Solar Proton Events (SPE). Data accumulated over almost the full year of Odyssey science operations compares unshielded integrated radiation dose equivalent in Mars orbit to internal detectors aboard the International Space Station. The findings show that the integrated radiation dose (combining GCR and SPE) is consistently higher in Odyssey's 400 kin polar orbit than in ISS' 400 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO), on average about a factor or 2.5. MARIE measured 450mSv integrated annual dose equivalent as compared to the 170mSv/year measured aboard the ISS. This confirms expected results, since there is reduced solid angle shielding due to Mars' size as well as the absence of Earth's magnetosphere. No surface radiation measurements exist to accompany the Mars orbital data. Surface measurements have been identified as the highest priority in the National Research Council's "Safe on Mars" report, and coincident surface and orbital measurements are necessary to model the shielding effect of the Martian atmosphere. It is assumed that dose equivalent on the surface will be reduced a factor of 2 simply by geometry, and an additional reduction will come from shielding by the atmosphere. This paper examines how using the measured radiation doses and comparing them to Low Earth Orbit dose equivalent guidelines, the total radiation dose expected for a 3-year human Mars mission is within current limits for astronauts. It also discussed how the GCR and SPE mix in interplanetary space is significantly different than for LEO, and how further biological research is needed to assess the biological effects of long-term exposure to GCR. MARIE data indicates that approximately 15% of the integrated dose contribution comes from SPE sources. Until further biological research is performed, and surface radiation measurements made, determination of absolute dose a human crew would experience, the effect of high GCR interplanetary doses, and the relationship to our LEO experience will remain estimates. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Connolly, JF (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0722-3 PY 2004 BP 999 EP 1006 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBU90 UT WOS:000227944400136 ER PT S AU Airiau, S Sen, S Wolpert, DH Tumer, K AF Airiau, S Sen, S Wolpert, DH Tumer, K BE Serugendo, GD Karageorgos, A Fana, OF Zambonelli, F TI Providing effective access to shared resources: A COIN approach SO ENGINEERING SELF-ORGANISING SYSTEMS: NATURE-INSPIRED APPROACHES TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Engineering Self-Organising Applications (ESOA 2003) CY JUL 15, 2003 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA AB Managers of systems of shared resources typically have many separate goals. Examples are efficient utilization of the resources among its users and ensuring no user's satisfaction in the system falls below a preset minimal level. Since such goals will usually conflict with one another, either implicitly or explicitly the manager must determine the relative importance of the goals, encapsulating that into an overall utility function rating the possible behaviors of the entire system. Here we demonstrate a distributed, robust, and adaptive way to optimize that overall function. Our approach is to interpose adaptive agents between each user and the system, where each such agent is working to maximize its own private utility function. In turn, each such agent's function should be both relatively easy for the agent to learn to optimize, and "aligned" with the overall utility function of the system manager - an overall function that is based on but in general different from the satisfaction functions of the individual users. To ensure this we enhance the COllective INtelligence (COIN) framework to incorporate user satisfaction functions in the overall utility function of the system manager and accordingly in the associated private utility functions assigned to the users' agents. We present experimental evaluations of different COIN-based private utility functions and demonstrate that those COIN-based functions outperform some natural alternatives. C1 Univ Tulsa, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Univ Tulsa, Dept Math & Comp Sci, 600 S Coll Ave, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM stephane@utulsa.edu; sandip-sen@utulsa.edu; dhw@email.arc.nasa.gov; kagan@email.arc.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21201-9 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2004 VL 2977 BP 249 EP 264 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BY90E UT WOS:000189491000017 ER PT S AU Prinzel, LJ Arthur, JJ Kramer, LJ Bailey, RE AF Prinzel, LJ Arthur, JJ Kramer, LJ Bailey, RE BE Verly, JG TI Pathway concepts experiment for head-down synthetic vision displays SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2004 Conference CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic vision; head-down displays; aviation safety; tunnel; pathways; guidance symbology ID FLIGHT AB Eight 757 commercial airline captains flew 22 approaches using the Reno Sparks 16R Visual Arrival under simulated Category I conditions. Approaches were flown using a head-down synthetic vision display to evaluate four tunnel ("minimal", "box", "dynamic pathway", "dynamic crow's feet") and three guidance ("ball", "tadpole", "follow-me aircraft") concepts and compare their efficacy to a baseline condition (i.e., no tunnel, ball guidance). The results showed that the tunnel concepts significantly improved pilot performance and situation awareness and lowered workload compared to the baseline condition. The dynamic crow's feet tunnel and follow-me aircraft guidance concepts were found to be the best candidates for future synthetic vision head-down displays. These results are discussed with implications for synthetic vision display design and future research. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Prinzel, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 24 W Taylor St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5347-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5424 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.545580 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV22 UT WOS:000223716200002 ER PT S AU Kramer, LJ Prinzel, LJ Arthur, JJ Bailey, RE AF Kramer, LJ Prinzel, LJ Arthur, JJ Bailey, RE BE Verly, JG TI Pathway design effects on synthetic vision head-up displays SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2004 Conference CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic vision; pathway; tunnel; head-up display; terrain awareness AB NASA's Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) project is developing technologies with practical applications that will eliminate low visibility conditions as a causal factor to civil aircraft accidents while replicating the operational benefits of clear day flight operations, regardless of the actual outside visibility condition. A major thrust of the SVS project involves the development/demonstration of affordable, certifiable display configurations that provide intuitive out-the-window terrain and obstacle information with advanced pathway guidance for transport aircraft. This experiment evaluated the influence of different tunnel and guidance concepts upon pilot situation awareness (SA), mental workload, and flight path tracking performance for Synthetic Vision display concepts using a Head-Up Display (HUD). Two tunnel formats (dynamic, minimal) were evaluated against a baseline condition (no tunnel) during simulated IMC approaches to Reno-Tahoe International airport. Two guidance cues (tadpole, follow-me aircraft) were also evaluated to assess their influence on the tunnel formats. Results indicated that the presence of a tunnel on an SVS HUD had no effect on flight path performance but that it did have significant effects on pilot SA and mental workload. The dynamic tunnel concept with the follow-me aircraft guidance symbol produced the lowest workload and provided the highest SA among, the tunnel concepts evaluated. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Kramer, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 24 W Taylor St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5347-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5424 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1117/12.543937 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV22 UT WOS:000223716200007 ER PT S AU Bailey, RE Arthur, JJ Williams, SP AF Bailey, RE Arthur, JJ Williams, SP BE Verly, JG TI Latency requirements for head-worn display S/EVS applications SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2004 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2004 Conference CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic vision; enhanced vision; head-worn display; helmet-mounted display; latency; time delay ID HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAY; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; DELAY AB NASA's Aviation Safety Program, Synthetic Vision Systems Project is conducting research in advanced flight deck concepts, such as Synthetic/Enhanced Vision Systems (S/EVS), for commercial and business aircraft. An emerging thrust in this activity is the development of spatially-integrated, large field-of-regard information display systems. Head-worn or helmet-mounted display systems are being proposed as one method in which to meet this objective. System delays or latencies inherent to spatially-integrated, head-worn displays critically influence the display utility, usability, and acceptability. Research results from three different, yet similar technical areas - flight control, flight simulation, and virtual reality - are collectively assembled in this paper to create a global perspective of delay or latency effects in head-worn or helmet-mounted display systems. Consistent definitions and measurement techniques are proposed herein for universal application and latency requirements for Head-Worn Display S/EVS applications are drafted. Future research areas are defined. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Bailey, RE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5347-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5424 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.554462 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV22 UT WOS:000223716200011 ER PT S AU Young, S de Haag, MU Campbell, J AF Young, S de Haag, MU Campbell, J BE Verly, JG TI An X-band radar terrain feature detection method for low-altitude SVS operations and calibration using LiDAR SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2004 Conference CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE digital elevation model; integrity; X-band radar; monitoring; LiDAR; terrain shadowing ID INTEGRITY; MONITOR AB To enable safe use of Synthetic Vision Systems at low altitudes, real-time range-to-terrain measurements may be required to ensure the integrity of terrain models stored in the system. This paper reviews and extends previous work describing the application of x-band radar to terrain model integrity monitoring. A method of terrain feature extraction and a transformation of the features to a common reference domain are proposed. Expected error distributions for the extracted features are required to establish appropriate thresholds whereby a consistency-checking function can trigger an alert. A calibration-based approach is presented that can be used to obtain these distributions. To verify the approach, NASA's DC-8 airborne science platform was used to collect data from two mapping sensors. An Airborne Laser Terrain Mapping (ALTM) sensor was installed in the cargo bay of the DC-8. After processing, the ALTM produced a reference terrain model with a vertical accuracy of less than one meter. Also installed was a commercial-off-the-shelf x-band radar in the nose radome of the DC-8. Although primarily designed to measure precipitation, the radar also provides estimates of terrain reflectivity at low altitudes. Using the ALTM data as the reference, errors in features extracted from the radar are estimated. A method to estimate errors in features extracted from the terrain model is also presented. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Young, S (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5347-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5424 BP 110 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.542452 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV22 UT WOS:000223716200012 ER PT J AU Ginoux, P Prospero, JM Torres, O Chin, M AF Ginoux, P Prospero, JM Torres, O Chin, M TI Long-term simulation of global dust distribution with the GOCART model: correlation with North Atlantic Oscillation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric modeling; dust; North Atlantic Oscillation ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL AEROSOLS; TOMS; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; TRANSPORT; OZONE; PACIFIC; IMPACT AB Global distribution of aeolian dust is simulated from 1981 to 1996 with the Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model. The results are compared with in situ measurements and satellite data. An index is calculated from the model results and the satellite viewing angles to allow quantitative comparison with the Total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol index. The annual budget over the different continents and oceans are analyzed. The simulated annual emission varies from a minimum of 1950 Tg in 1996 to a maximum of 2400 Tg in 1988. Of these emissions, 65% is from North Africa and 25% from Asia. It is found that North America received twice as much dust from other continents than it emits per year. There is no significant trend over the 16-year simulation. The inter-annual variability of dust distribution is analyzed over the North Atlantic and Africa. It is found that in winter a large fraction of the North Atlantic and Africa dust loading is correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. It is shown that a controlling factor of such correlation can be attributed to dust emission from the Sahel. The Bodele depression is the major dust source in winter and its inter-annual variability is highly correlated with the NAO. However, the long record of dust concentration measured at Barbados indicates that there is no correlation with the NAO index and surface concentration in winter. Longer simulation should provide the information needed to understand if the effects of the NAO on dust distribution is rather limited or Barbados is at the edge of the affected region. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Miami, RSMAS, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Ginoux, P (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Forrestal Campus,Route 1, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM paul.ginoux@noaa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160 NR 40 TC 221 Z9 226 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00114-2 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801YI UT WOS:000220130800003 ER PT J AU Barnum, BH Winstead, NS Wesely, J Hakola, A Colarco, PR Toon, OB Ginoux, P Brooks, G Hasselbarth, L Toth, B AF Barnum, BH Winstead, NS Wesely, J Hakola, A Colarco, PR Toon, OB Ginoux, P Brooks, G Hasselbarth, L Toth, B TI Forecasting dust storms using the CARMA-dust model and MM5 weather data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE dust storm forecasting; MM5 weather model; CARMA model; skill scores; mineral dust ID OPTICAL-THICKNESS; WIND EROSION; MINERAL DUST; TRANSPORT; VERIFICATION; PREDICTION; THRESHOLD; PARTICLES; EMISSION; AIR AB An operational model for the forecast of dust storms in Northern Africa, the Middle East and Southwest Asia has been developed for the United States Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA). The dust forecast model uses the 5th generation Penn State Mesoscale Meteorology Model (MM5) as input to the University of Colorado CARMA dust transport model. AFWA undertook a 60 day evaluation of the effectiveness of the dust model to make short, medium and long- range (72 h) forecasts of dust storms. The study is unique in using satellite and ground observations of dust storms to score the model's effectiveness using standard meteorological statistics. Each of the main forecast regions was broken down into smaller areas for more detailed analysis. The study found the forecast model is an effective forecast tool with Probability of Detection of dust storm occurrence exceeding 68 percent over Northern Africa, with a 16 percent False Alarm Rate. Southwest Asia forecasts had average Probability of Detection values of 61 percent with False Alarm Rates averaging 10 percent. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USAF, Weather Agcy, Offut AFB, NE USA. Univ Colorado, PAOS Grp, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Barnum, BH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ben.bamum@jhuapl.edu RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00115-4 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801YI UT WOS:000220130800004 ER PT J AU Gregory, JM Wilson, GR Singh, UB Darwish, MM AF Gregory, JM Wilson, GR Singh, UB Darwish, MM TI TEAM: integrated, process-based wind-erosion model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE wind erosion; soil erosion; aeolian process simulation; wind erosion modeling ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; HEIGHT; WATER AB TEAM (Texas Tech Erosion Analysis Model) is a process-based mathematical model that predicts detachment, movement, and deposition of soil particles associated with wind processes. TEAM also simulates the suspension and movement of dust above and downwind from eroding sites. The development of TEAM has been from an educational perspective to teach principles of soil physics. mathematical modeling, soil erosion, and conservation practices. TEAM is relatively easy to calibrate for a given site and is robust enough to deal with both agricultural and industrial conditions. It works for pure or nearly pure sand as found in desert and beach environments. It also works for agricultural soils with and without vegetative or residue covers. Early components of TEAM were used during Operation Desert Storm to develop stabilization treatments for sand barriers. Later, it was evaluated and adopted by the US Department of Energy in 1996 to develop a safety plan for cleaning up a Superfund site contaminated with nuclear and other contaminates. It generally predicts the rate (mass per unit width per unit time) or amount (mass per unit width for total storm duration) of soil movement with an R-2 of 0.8 or better for field applications. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Coll Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Nat Resources & Forestry, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Engn Technol Dept, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Gregory, JM (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Coll Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM james.gregory@coe.ttu.edu NR 37 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00124-5 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801YI UT WOS:000220130800013 ER PT J AU Kimes, D Levine, E Timmins, S Weiss, SR Bollinger, ME Blaisdell, C AF Kimes, D Levine, E Timmins, S Weiss, SR Bollinger, ME Blaisdell, C TI Temporal dynamics of emergency department and hospital admissions of pediatric asthmatics SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pediatric asthma; hospitalizations; environment; epidemiology ID URBAN AIR-POLLUTION; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; ROOM VISITS; CHILDREN; DUST; ALLERGENS; POLLEN; PERIODICITY; ASSOCIATION AB Asthma is a chronic disease that can result in exacerbations leading to urgent care in emergency departments (EDs) and hospitals. We examined seasonal and temporal trends in pediatric asthma ED (1997-1999) and-hospital (1986-1999) admission data so as to identify periods of increased risk of urgent care by age group, gender, and race. All pediatric ED and hospital admission data for Maryland residents occurring within the state of Maryland were evaluated. Distinct peaks in pediatric ED and hospital asthma admissions occurred each year during the winter-spring and autumn seasons. Although the number and timing of these peaks were consistent across age and racial groups, the magnitude of the peaks differed by age and race. The same number, timing, and relative magnitude of the major peaks in asthma admissions occurred statewide, implying that the variables affecting these seasonal patterns of acute asthma exacerbations occur statewide. Similar gross seasonal trends are observed worldwide. Although several environmental, infectious, and psychosocial factors have been linked with increases in asthma exacerbations among children, thus far they have not explained these seasonal patterns of admissions. The striking temporal patterns of pediatric asthma admissions within Maryland, as described here, provide valuable information in the search for causes. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Drugs & Publ Policy, Sch Pharm, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Pediat Pulmonol & Allergy, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Kimes, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 1 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00046-X PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 758DD UT WOS:000187616500002 PM 14643281 ER PT J AU Short, JW Lindeberg, MR Harris, PM Maselko, JM Pella, JJ Rice, SD AF Short, JW Lindeberg, MR Harris, PM Maselko, JM Pella, JJ Rice, SD TI Estimate of oil persisting on the beaches of Prince William Sound 12 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHORELINE AB We estimated the amount of oil remaining in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 12 yr after the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill to assess its importance as a long-term reservoir of toxic hydrocarbons. We found oil on 78 of 91 beaches randomly selected according to their oiling history. Surface oiling was recorded for randomly placed quadrats, which were then excavated and examined for subsurface oil. The cumulative area of beach contaminated by surface or subsurface oil was estimated at 11.3 ha. Surface oil varied little with tide height, but subsurface oil was more prevalent at the middle tide heights. The mass of remaining subsurface oil is conservatively estimated at 55 600 kg. Analysis of terpanes indicated that over 90% of the surface oil and all of the subsurface oil was from the Exxon Valdez and that Monterey Formation oil deposited after the 1964 Alaska earthquake accounted for the remaining surface oil. These results indicate that oil from the Exxon Valdez remains by far the largest reservoir of biologically available polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on beaches impacted by the spill and that biota dependent on these beaches risk continued exposure. C1 NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Short, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jeff.Short@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1021/es0348694 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 759YE UT WOS:000187781800016 PM 14740712 ER PT B AU Thirumalainambi, R Bardina, J AF Thirumalainambi, R Bardina, J BE Horton, G TI Debris dispersion model using Java3D SO ESM'2004: 18TH EUROPEAN SIMULATION MULTICONFERENCE: NETWORKED SIMULATIONS AND SIMULATED NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th European Simulation Multiconference CY JUN 13-16, 2004 CL Univ Magdeburg, Inst Simulat & Graph, Magdeburg, GERMANY SP Soc Modelling & Simulat Int, Arbeitsgemeinsch Simulat, Chinese Assoc Syst Simulat, European Simulat Council, Federat European Simulat Soc, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, Turkish Simulat Soc HO Univ Magdeburg, Inst Simulat & Graph DE orbital dynamics; debris dispersion; visualization in 3-dimensional; Java3D AB This paper focused in web-based simulation of Shuttle launch operations and debris dispersion. Java 3D graphics provides geometric and visual content with suitable mathematical model and behaviors of Shuttle launch. Because the model is so heterogeneous and interrelated with various factors, 3D graphics combined with physical models provides mechanisms to understand the complexity of launch and range operations. The main focus in the modeling and simulation covers orbital dynamics and range safety. Range safety areas include destruct limit lines, telemetry and tracking and population risk near range. If there is an explosion of Shuttle during launch, debris dispersion is explained. The shuttle launch and range operations in this paper are discussed based on the operations from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SAIC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Thirumalainambi, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SAIC, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SCS EUROPE PI GHENT PA COUPURE LINKS 653, 9000 GHENT, BELGIUM BN 3-936150-35-4 PY 2004 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAK59 UT WOS:000222636000036 ER PT B AU Bardina, J Thirumalainambi, R AF Bardina, J Thirumalainambi, R BE Horton, G TI Modeling and simulation of shuttle launch and range operations SO ESM'2004: 18TH EUROPEAN SIMULATION MULTICONFERENCE: NETWORKED SIMULATIONS AND SIMULATED NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th European Simulation Multiconference CY JUN 13-16, 2004 CL Univ Magdeburg, Inst Simulat & Graph, Magdeburg, GERMANY SP Soc Modelling & Simulat Int, Arbeitsgemeinsch Simulat, Chinese Assoc Syst Simulat, European Simulat Council, Federat European Simulat Soc, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, Turkish Simulat Soc HO Univ Magdeburg, Inst Simulat & Graph DE shuttle launch and range operations; weather monitoring; gas dispersion; debris dispersion; orbital dynamics; Web-based model AB The simulation and modeling test bed is based on a mockup of a space flight operations control suitable for experiment physical, procedural, software, hardware and psychological aspects of space flight operations. The test bed consists of a weather expert system to advice on the effect of weather in launch operations. It also simulates toxic gas dispersion, impact of human health risk, and debris dispersion within 3D visualization. Since all modeling and simulation is based on the internet, it could reduce the cost of operations of launch and range safety by conducting extensive research before a particular launch. Each model has an independent decision-making module to derive the best decision for launch and range operations. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bardina, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCS EUROPE PI GHENT PA COUPURE LINKS 653, 9000 GHENT, BELGIUM BN 3-936150-35-4 PY 2004 BP 243 EP 249 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAK59 UT WOS:000222636000037 ER PT B AU Shulman, I Kindle, JC deRada, S Anderson, SC Penta, B Martin, PJ AF Shulman, I Kindle, JC deRada, S Anderson, SC Penta, B Martin, PJ BE Spaulding, ML TI Development of a hierarchy of nested models to study the California Current System. SO ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MODELING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Monterey, CA ID OCEAN; PACIFIC AB The Naval Research Laboratory has developed a hierarchy of differing resolution data assimilating models in the Pacific Ocean, which includes global models, regional U.S. West Coast models, and high resolution coastal models such as for the Monterey Bay area. The three regional U. S. West Coast models (from 30 degrees N to 49 degrees N), designed to study the California Current System, are based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), called NCOM-CCS, and the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), respectively. The NCOM-CCS formulation is a parallel version model capable of running reliably on many computer platforms. The model has nesting capabilities and offers the choice of using the sigma or a hybrid (sigma-z) vertical coordinate. The NCOM-CCS model also includes a coupled ecosystem model based on Chai et al., 2002. A variety of scientific issues related to model initialization, forcing, open boundary conditions, and model spin up are discussed. The focus of this paper is on: the sensitivity of the horizontal resolution of atmospheric forcing on the NCOM-CCS model predictive skills; the impact of open boundary conditions and coupling with global models on reproducing major hydrographic conditions in the California Current System; and the analysis of the model mixed layer predictions and data assimilation issues. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons are made between observations and model predictions for October 2000 - December of 2001 period. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Shulman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0734-7 PY 2004 BP 74 EP 88 DI 10.1061/40734(145)6 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Engineering; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBW43 UT WOS:000228129600006 ER PT S AU Chamberlain, AL Fahrenholtz, WG Hilmas, GE Ellerby, DT AF Chamberlain, AL Fahrenholtz, WG Hilmas, GE Ellerby, DT BE Mandal, H Ovecoglu, L TI Characterization of zirconium diboride for thermal protection systems SO EURO CERAMICS VIII, PTS 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the European-Ceramic-Society CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2003 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Turkish Ceram Soc, European Ceram Soc DE zirconium diboride; silicon carbide; molybdenum disilicide; thermal protection systems ID TO-PASSIVE TRANSITION; SILICON-CARBIDE; OXIDATION AB Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) composites containing either silicon carbide (SiC) or molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) were investigated as potential thermal protection system (TPS) materials for future reusable launch vehicles (RLVs). The additions were investigated because of the ability of SiC and MoSi2 to form an oxidation resistant surface layer over ZrB2. Samples of pure zirconium diboride and billets containing 10, 20, and 30 volume percent of either SiC or MoSi2 were prepared by hot pressing. Microstructures were characterized by examining polished cross sections using scanning electron microscopy. The density, four point bend strength, Vickers' hardness, and elastic modulus were measured for all materials. Oxidation behavior was characterized using thermogravirmetric analysis. The addition of SiC and MoSi2 improved the strength of ZrB2, reaching a maximum of similar to1 GPa at 30 volume percent additives. SiC additives also improved the fracture toughness, with 30 volume percent SiC increasing toughness to 5.25 MPa-m (1/2). The addition of SiC or MoSi2 improved the oxidation resistance of the composites, with 30 volume percent MoSi2 having the lowest weight gain of 0.004 mg/mm(2) after heating in air to 1500degreesC. C1 Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chamberlain, AL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 225 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. OI Fahrenholtz, William/0000-0002-8497-0092 NR 6 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-946-6 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2004 VL 264-268 BP 493 EP 496 PN 1-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BAO19 UT WOS:000223059700117 ER PT S AU Grzanka, E Palosz, B Gierlotka, S Stel'makh, S Pielaszek, R Bismayer, U Neuefeind, J Jovari, P Paiosz, W AF Grzanka, E Palosz, B Gierlotka, S Stel'makh, S Pielaszek, R Bismayer, U Neuefeind, J Jovari, P Paiosz, W BE Andersson, Y Mittemeijer, EJ Welzel, U TI X-ray powder diffraction study of atomic structure of nanocrystalline SiC and diamond materials SO EUROPEAN POWDER DIFFRACTION EPDIC 8 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Powder Diffraction Conference CY MAY 23-26, 2002 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE diffraction; nanocrystals; surface structure AB A considerable fraction of atoms in nanosize particles is at the grain surface (due to the small size of the crystals). We assume that the surface atoms form a separate structural phase relative to the bulk of the grain (the core). Therefore, one set of the lattice parameters characterizing a nanocrystal may be inadequate for a unique description of its structure. An alternative evaluation of diffraction data of nanocparticles, based on the "apparent lattice parameter" is proposed. Based on this new methodology it is shown that real nano-crystals constitiute a complex more than a one-uniform-phase structure. C1 Polish Acad Sci, High Pressure Ctr, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Hamburg, Mineral Petrog Inst, DE-22603 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, HASYLAB, DE-22603 Hamburg, Germany. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Grzanka, E (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, High Pressure Ctr, Sokolowska 29-37, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. RI Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015 OI Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-935-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 443-4 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BY61J UT WOS:000189421300007 ER PT J AU Raffel, M Richard, H Ehrenfried, K Van der Wall, B Burley, C Beaumier, P McAlister, K Pengel, K AF Raffel, M Richard, H Ehrenfried, K Van der Wall, B Burley, C Beaumier, P McAlister, K Pengel, K TI Recording and evaluation methods of PIV investigations on a helicopter rotor model SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB Three-component particle image velocimetry measurements at moderate speeds and observation distances can now be accomplished on a routine basis. This article discusses the experiment performed on a 4 m-diameter model rotor in the 6-mx8-m open test section of the Large Low Speed Facility of the German-Dutch Wind Tunnels. More than half a terabyte of raw data were recorded at various positions on the advancing and retreating sides of the rotor in order to obtain detailed measurements of the trailing vortex in the frame of an international project. This paper addresses measuring techniques and possible sources of errors and presents a limited number of cases for the purpose of illustrating the solutions to numerous technical challenges relating to the acquisition and analysis of vortical flows. C1 DLR, Inst Aerodynam & Stromungstech, Gottingen, Germany. DLR, Inst Flugsyst Tech, Braunschweig, Germany. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Langley, VA USA. Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Chatillon, France. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USA AFDD, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. DNW, Large Low Speed Facil LLF, Nordostpolder, Netherlands. RP Raffel, M (reprint author), DLR, Inst Aerodynam & Stromungstech, Gottingen, Germany. EM markus.raffel@dlr.de NR 25 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JAN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1 BP 146 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s00348-003-0689-7 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 774TM UT WOS:000189001000017 ER PT B AU Heap, SR Burrows, A Hubeny, I Sudarsky, D AF Heap, SR Burrows, A Hubeny, I Sudarsky, D BE Beaulieu, JP Des Etangs, AL Terquem, C TI Optical imaging of extrasolar giant planets from space SO Extrasolar Planets: Today and Tomorrow SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extrasolar Planets - Today and Tomorrow held at the 19th IAP Colloqium CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Inst Astrophys Paris AB We describe initial plans for detecting extrasolar giant planets with ECLIPSE, a 1.8-m space telescope + coronagraph that we will propose to NASA in the coming year. Our plans take both theoretical and observational constraints into account. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Heap, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI heap, sara/E-2237-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-183-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 321 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBZ69 UT WOS:000228388800004 ER PT B AU Richardson, LJ Deming, D Seager, S AF Richardson, LJ Deming, D Seager, S BE Beaulieu, JP Des Etangs, AL Terquem, C TI Strong limits on the infrared spectrum of HD 209458 b near 2.2 mu m SO Extrasolar Planets: Today and Tomorrow SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extrasolar Planets - Today and Tomorrow held at the 19th IAP Colloqium CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Inst Astrophys Paris AB We present a brief summary of observations of the transiting extrasolar planet, HD 209458b, designed to detect the secondary eclipse. We employ the method of 'occultation spectroscopy', which searches in combined light (star and planet) for the disappearance and reappearance of weak infrared spectral features due to the planet as it passes behind the star and reappears. We have searched for a continuum peak near 2.2 mu m (defined by CO and H2O absorption bands), as predicted by some models of the planetary atmosphere to be similar to 6 x 10(-4) of the stellar flux, but no such peak is detected at a level of similar to 3 x 10(-4) of the stellar flux. Our results represent the strongest limits on the infrared spectrum of the planet to date and carry significant implications for understanding the planetary atmosphere. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Richardson, LJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-183-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 321 BP 211 EP 212 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBZ69 UT WOS:000228388800041 ER PT B AU Grady, CA AF Grady, CA BE Beaulieu, JP Des Etangs, AL Terquem, C TI HST/STIS coronagraphic imaging of pre-main sequence stars SO Extrasolar Planets: Today and Tomorrow SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extrasolar Planets - Today and Tomorrow held at the 19th IAP Colloqium CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Inst Astrophys Paris ID HERBIG-AE STAR; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; BETA-PICTORIS; AE/BE STARS; DUST; ENVIRONMENT; HD-100546; SYSTEMS; AURIGAE AB We present the results of a coronagraphic imaging survey of millimeter-selected classical T Tauri stars, and optically bright Herbig Ae stars. We find similar frequency of bipolar microjet detections, and similar evolutionary timescales for the optical brightness of disks exterior to 0.5 '' (50-70 AU at d = 100-140 pc). We find an increasing fraction of stars with known large disks which are optically not detected beginning at approximate to 5 Myr. Many of these same stars have previously been identified as having substantial reservoirs of millimeter-sized grains, suggesting that we are detecting the decoupling of the dust from the gas, which is expected to be a necessary precursor for large-scale planetesimal formation. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Eureka Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Grady, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Eureka Sci, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-183-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 321 BP 244 EP 251 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBZ69 UT WOS:000228388800049 ER PT B AU Lissauer, JJ AF Lissauer, JJ BE Beaulieu, JP Des Etangs, AL Terquem, C TI Formation of giant planets and brown dwarfs SO EXTRASOLAR PLANETS: TODAY AND TOMORROW SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extrasolar Planets - Today and Tomorrow held at the 19th IAP Colloqium CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Inst Astrophys Paris ID T-TAURI STARS; SYSTEMS; DISKS; MASS; DIVERSITY; SATELLITE; ACCRETION; COMPANION; 229B AB Models of the origins of giant planets and brown dwarfs are discussed and related to formation theories of both smaller objects (terrestrial planets) and larger bodies (stars). The most detailed models of planetary formation axe based upon observations of our own Solar System, of young stars and their environments, and of extrasolar planets. Stars form from the collapse, and in some cases probably fragmentation, of molecular cloud cores. Terrestrial planets are formed within disks around young stars via the accumulation of small dust grains into larger and larger bodies until the spacing of planetary orbits becomes large enough that the configuration is stable for the age of the system. Brown dwarfs and gas giant planets, which are of intermediate mass, probably can form by either a top-down (star-like) or bottom-up (terrestrial planet-like) mechanism, with star-like formation most common for the more massive objects and those floating in space rather than orbiting one or more stars. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jlissauer@ringside.arc.nasa.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-183-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 321 BP 271 EP 281 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBZ69 UT WOS:000228388800052 ER PT S AU McKay, CP AF McKay, CP BE Jenkins, G McMenamin, MAS McKay, CP Sohl, L TI Thin ice on the snowball Earth SO EXTREME PROTEROZOIC GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND CLIMATE SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Geophys Union ID LAKE HOARE; ANTARCTICA; THICKNESS; GLACIATION; COVER AB Global ice-covered conditions during a Neoproterozoic snowball Earth seem inconsistent with the survival of eukaryotic algae. The presence of thin ice in the tropics remains a viable alternative to resolve this paradox. The simple method of McKay [2000] for computing ice thickness has been improved by considering separately a short wavelength interval (<700 nm) and a long wavelength interval (>700 nm). The key to determining the plausibility of thin ice models on the snowball Earth is a better determination of the relationship between optical properties of sea ice and freezing rate. If slowly freezing sea ice is optically clear, as field evidence suggests, then mean equatorial temperatures on the snowball Earth warmer than about -45degreesC imply thin ice that can support photosynthesis. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP McKay, CP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-411-4 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2004 VL 146 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1029/146GM15 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Paleontology SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Paleontology GA BBE34 UT WOS:000225122900015 ER PT S AU Keymeulen, D Zebulum, R Stoica, A Duong, V Ferguson, MI AF Keymeulen, D Zebulum, R Stoica, A Duong, V Ferguson, MI BE Becker, J Platzner, M Vernalde, S TI Evolvable hardware for signal separation and noise cancellation using analog reconfigurable device SO FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2004 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Interuniv MicroElect Ctr AB Evolvable systems in silicon are third generation hardware in terms of flexibility. The first generation was fixed silicon: once a device was fabricated its structure was forever fixed. Reconfigurable hardware came as a second generation: new configurations could be downloaded changing the function of the device and also bypassing faulty areas, if any. The third generation is that of self-configurable, evolvable hardware (EHW), and adds the automatic reconfiguration feature, enabling truly adaptive hardware. This paper addresses current efforts in building and using evolvable chips. The first section refers to evolutionary algorithms for evolvable hardware. The second section describes the JPL evolvable hardware testbed and the JPL Field Programmable Transistor Array (FPTA) chip designed and used for circuit evolution in silicon. The third section addresses the application of evolvable hardware for signal separation and noise cancellation. The final section concludes the work. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Oak Grove Lab 4800, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Keymeulen, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Oak Grove Lab 4800, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Didier.keymeulen@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22989-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3203 BP 270 EP 278 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV58 UT WOS:000223803500029 ER PT B AU Kolano, PZ AF Kolano, PZ BE Buyya, R TI A unified framework for periodic, on-demand, and user-specified software information SO FIFTH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GRID COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Grid Computing CY NOV 08, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE, Task Force Cluster Comp, ACM, Microsoft Corp AB Although grid computing can increase the number of resources available to a user not all resources on the grid may have a software environment suitable for running a given application. To provide users with the necessary assistance for selecting resources with compatible software environments and/or for automatically establishing such environments, an accurate source of information about the software installed across the grid is needed. Existing software information services and general-purpose information frameworks are inadequate for this task. This paper presents a new OGSI-compliant software information service that has been implemented as part of NASA's Information Power Grid project. This service is built on top of a general framework for reconciling information from periodic, on-demand, and user-specified sources. Information is retrieved using standard XPath queries over a single unified namespace independent of the information's source. Two consumers of the provided software information, the IPG Resource Broker and the IPG Naturalization Service, are briefly described. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Supercomp Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kolano, PZ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Supercomp Div, M-S 258-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2256-4 PY 2004 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1109/GRID.2004.5 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBG29 UT WOS:000225415700033 ER PT J AU Hshieh, FY Beeson, HD AF Hshieh, FY Beeson, HD TI Burning behaviors of selected chlorosilanes and SiH-containing siloxanes SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE chlorosilanes; siloxanes; burning behavior; silicone industry ID SILICONES; COMBUSTION AB Chlorosilanes are silanes containing the Si-Cl functional group and SiH-containing siloxanes are siloxanes containing the Si-H functional group. Some chlorosilanes and SiH-containing siloxanes present potentially high fire or explosion hazards during handling, storage, transport and process operations. Cone calorimeter tests have been used to study the burning behaviors of selected chlorosilanes and SiH-containing siloxanes at various incident heat fluxes to simulate pool fire burning. The peak heat release rate of a silicon intermediate obtained from the cone calorimeter at 15 kW/m(2) incident heat flux was very close to that measured by a relatively large-scale field test. The flammability of monochloro si lanes was similar to that of organic hydrocarbons having comparable volatility. The flammability of chlorosilanes descends in the order of monochlorosilanes, dichlorosilanes and trichlorosilanes. SiH-containing siloxanes ignited faster than non-SiH-containing siloxanes because of the reactive silicon-hydrogen linkages. The ignition of SiH-containing siloxanes was much more violent than the ignition of non-SiH-containing siloxanes. The SiH-containing siloxanes exhibited a lower peak heat release rate, less total heat released and a lower peak smoke extinction coefficient compared with non-SiH-containing siloxanes having comparable volatility. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, HOneywell technol Solut Inc, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA. RP Hshieh, FY (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, HOneywell technol Solut Inc, POB 20, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA. EM fhshieh@wstf.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1002/fam.829 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 800HW UT WOS:000220020400001 ER PT J AU Hshieh, FY Hirsch, DB Beeson, HD AF Hshieh, FY Hirsch, DB Beeson, HD TI Mechanical impact tests of some selected polymers in high pressure liquid oxygen environments SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE liquid oxygen mechanical impact test; violent explosion of polymers AB The threshold impact energies of the liquid oxygen mechanical impact test were determined for eight polymers at 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) oxygen pressure. The results show that there was no correlation between the threshold impact energy and the autoignition temperature of the polymers in high pressure oxygen environments. A violent explosion was observed in some of the tests when nylon 6/6, nitrile rubber and polyurethane rubber were impacted in high pressure liquid oxygen. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA. RP Hshieh, FY (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, White Sands Test Facil, Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, POB 20, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA. EM fhshieh@wstf.nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1002/fam.843 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 800HW UT WOS:000220020400005 ER PT B AU Culpepper, BJ Tseng, HC AF Culpepper, BJ Tseng, HC GP ieee computer society TI Sinkhole intrusion indicators in DSR MANETs SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BROADBAND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Broadband Networks CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Nortel Networks, CREATE-NET, ICST, PHILIPS, SIGMOBILE, NEC DE fuzzy logic; sinkhole; DSR; MANET; intrusion detection AB Due to fundamental characteristics, routing protocols in wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are particularly vulnerable to attack. One such attack, the "sinkhole" problem, is analyzed in the context of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol, and a Sinkhole Intrusion Detection System (SIDS) is proposed for detecting it. The design and evaluation of this system is rigorously detailed, its performance is evaluated, and directions for future work are outlined. The simulation results show that SIDS is a promising methodology for this important problem. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94305 USA. EM jack@email.arc.nasa.gov; tseng@cs.sjsu.cdu NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2221-1 PY 2004 BP 681 EP 688 DI 10.1109/BROADNETS.2004.77 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BBF54 UT WOS:000225238300072 ER PT J AU Polovina, JJ Balazs, GH Howell, EA Parker, DM Seki, MP Dutton, PH AF Polovina, JJ Balazs, GH Howell, EA Parker, DM Seki, MP Dutton, PH TI Forage and migration habitat of loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) sea turtles in the central North Pacific Ocean SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE loggerhead turtle; olive ridley turtle; pelagic habitat; turtle migration ID SEAWIFS AB Satellite telemetry from 26 loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and 10 olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) sea turtles captured and released from pelagic longline fishing gear provided information on the turtles' position and movement in the central North Pacific. These data together with environmental data from satellite remote sensing are used to describe the oceanic habitat used by these turtles. The results indicate that loggerheads travel westward, move seasonally north and south primarily through the region 28-40degreesN, and occupy sea surface temperatures (SST) of 15-25degreesC. Their dive depth distribution indicated that they spend 40% of their time at the surface and 90% of their time at depths <40 m. Loggerheads are found in association with fronts, eddies, and geostrophic currents. Specifically, the Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF) and the southern edge of the Kuroshio Extension Current (KEC) appear to be important forage and migration habitats for loggerheads. In contrast, olive ridleys were found primarily south of loggerhead habitat in the region 8-31degreesN latitude, occupying warmer water with SSTs of 23-28degreesC. They have a deeper dive pattern than loggerheads, spending only 20% of their time at the surface and 60% shallower than 40 m. However, the three olive ridleys identified from genetics to be of western Pacific origin spent some time associated with major ocean currents, specifically the southern edge of the KEC, the North Equatorial Current (NEC), and the Equatorial Counter Current (ECC). These habitats were not used by any olive ridleys of eastern Pacific origin suggesting that olive ridleys from different populations may occupy different oceanic habitats. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Polovina, JJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 17 TC 179 Z9 198 U1 6 U2 102 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 36 EP 51 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00270.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 753YA UT WOS:000187274900004 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD Fisher, JP Teel, DJ Emmett, RL Casillas, E Miller, TW AF Brodeur, RD Fisher, JP Teel, DJ Emmett, RL Casillas, E Miller, TW TI Juvenile salmonid distribution, growth, condition, origin, and environmental and species associations in the Northern California Current SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ATLANTIC SALMON; BODY-WEIGHT; OREGON; WASHINGTON; COASTAL; SURVIVAL AB Information is summarized on juvenile salmonid distribution, size, condition, growth, stock origin, and species and environmental associations from June and August 2000 GLOBEC cruises with particular emphasis on differences related to the regions north and south of Cape Blanco off Southern Oregon. Juvenile salmon were more abundant during the August cruise as compared to the June cruise and were mainly distributed northward from Cape Blanco. There were distinct differences in distribution patterns between salmon species: chinook salmon were found close inshore in cooler water all along the coast and coho salmon were rarely found south of Cape Blanco. Distance offshore and temperature were the dominant explanatory variables related to coho and chinook salmon distribution. The nekton assemblages differed significantly between cruises. The June cruise was dominated by juvenile rockfishes, rex sole, and sablefish, which were almost completely absent in August. The forage fish community during June comprised Pacific herring and whitebait smelt north of Cape Blanco and surf smelt south of Cape Blanco. The fish community in August was dominated by Pacific sardines and highly migratory pelagic species. Estimated growth rates of juvenile coho salmon were higher in the GLOBEC study area than in areas farther north. An unusually high percentage of coho salmon in the study area were precocious males. Significant differences in growth and condition of juvenile coho salmon indicated different oceanographic environments north and south of Cape Blanco. The condition index was higher in juvenile coho salmon to the north but no significant differences were found for yearling chinook salmon. Genetic mixed stock analysis indicated that during June, most of the chinook salmon in our sample originated from rivers along the central coast of Oregon. In August, chinook salmon sampled south of Cape Blanco were largely from southern Oregon and northern California; whereas most chinook salmon north of Cape Blanco were from the Central Valley in California. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Rick.Brodeur@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 102 IS 1 BP 25 EP 46 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 800IC UT WOS:000220021000003 ER PT S AU Brandon, E West, W Zhou, LS Jackson, T Theriot, G Devine, RAB Binkley, D Verma, N Crawford, R AF Brandon, E West, W Zhou, LS Jackson, T Theriot, G Devine, RAB Binkley, D Verma, N Crawford, R BE Fruehauf, N Chalamala, BR Gnade, BE Jang, J TI Flexible electronics for space applications SO FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS 2004-MATERIALS AND DEVICE TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flexible Electronics-Materials and Device Technology held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID THIN-FILM; TRANSISTORS AB NASA is currently developing a host of deployable structures for the exploration of space. These include balloons, solar sails, space-borne telescopes and membrane-based synthetic aperture radar. Each of these applications is driven by the need for a thin, low mass, large area structure (e.g., polymer-based) which could not be implemented using conventional engineering materials such as metals and alloys. In each case, there is also the need to integrate sensing and control electronics within the structure. However, conventional silicon-based electronics are difficult to integrate with such large, thin structures, due to a variety of concerns including mass, reliability and manufacturing issues. Flexible electronics, particularly thin film transistors (TFTs), are a potentially key enabling technology that may allow the integration of a wide range of sensors and actuators into these types of structures. There are numerous challenges, however, regarding the survivability of such devices during stowage and deployment of the structure, as well as during operation in the harsh environments of space. We have fabricated TFTs on polyimide substrates, and are investigating the durability of these devices with respect to relevant space environments. We are also developing flexible sensor technologies for the integration of distributed sensor networks on large area structures. C1 CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Brandon, E (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-764-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 814 BP 219 EP 230 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA63 UT WOS:000224425500028 ER PT S AU Heimdahl, MPE Rayadurgam, S Visser, W Devaraj, G Gao, JM AF Heimdahl, MPE Rayadurgam, S Visser, W Devaraj, G Gao, JM BE Petrenko, A Ulrich, A TI Auto-generating test sequences using model checkers: A case study SO FORMAL APPROACHES TO SOFTWARE TESTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Formal Approaches to Testing of Software (FATES 2003) CY OCT 06, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA ID SYSTEMS; SPECIFICATION; CHECKING AB Use of model-checking approaches for test generation from requirement models have been proposed by several researchers. These approaches leverage the witness (or counter-example) generation capability of model-checkers for constructing test cases. Test criteria are expressed as temporal properties. Witness traces generated for these properties are instantiated to create complete test sequences, satisfying the criteria. State-space explosion can, however, adversely impact model-checking and hence such test generation. Thus, there is a need to validate these approaches against realistic industrial sized system models to learn how well these approaches scale. To this end, we conducted a case study using six models of progressively increasing complexity of the mode-logic in a flight-guidance system, written in the RSML-e language. We developed a framework for specification-based test generation using the NuSMV model-checker and code based test case generation using Java Pathfinder, and collected time and resource usage data for generating test cases using symbolic, bounded, and explicit state model-checking algorithms. This paper briefly discusses the approach, presents the results from the study and analyzes its implications. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM heimdahl@cs.umn.edu; rsanjai@cs.umn.edu; wvisser@nasa.arc.gov; devaraj@cs.umn.edu; jgao@cs.umn.edu RI Heimdahl, Mats/A-6722-2008 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20894-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 2931 BP 42 EP 59 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY59V UT WOS:000189417600004 ER PT S AU Miner, P Geser, A Pike, L Maddalon, J AF Miner, P Geser, A Pike, L Maddalon, J BE Lakhnech, Y Yovine, S TI A unified fault-tolerance protocol SO FORMAL TECHNIQUES, MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF TIMED AND FAULT-TOLERANT SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Conferences on Formal Modelling and Analysis of Timed Systems (FORMATS 2004)/Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems (FTRTFT 2004) CY SEP 22-24, 2004 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP VERIMAG DE fault tolerance; protocol; SPIDER; byzantine; reliability; diagnosis; interactive consistency ID SYNCHRONIZATION; VERIFICATION AB Davies and Wakerly show that Byzantine fault tolerance can be achieved by a cascade of broadcasts and middle value select functions. We present an extension of the Davies and Wakerly protocol, the unified protocol, and its proof of correctness. We prove that it satisfies validity and agreement properties for communication of exact values. We then introduce bounded communication error into the model. Inexact communication is inherent for clock synchronization protocols. We prove that validity and agreement properties hold for inexact communication, and that exact communication is a special case. As a running example, we illustrate the unified protocol using the SPIDER family of fault-tolerant architectures. In particular we demonstrate that the SPIDER interactive consistency, distributed diagnosis, and clock synchronization protocols are instances of the unified protocol. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Miner, P (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 130, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM paul.s.miner@nasa.gov; geser@nianet.org; lee.s.pike@nasa.gov; j.m.maddalon@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-23167-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3253 BP 167 EP 182 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBA17 UT WOS:000224378600013 ER PT B AU Mattmann, CA Crichton, DJ Hughes, JS Kelly, SC Ramirez, PM AF Mattmann, CA Crichton, DJ Hughes, JS Kelly, SC Ramirez, PM GP ieee computer society TI Software architecture for large-scale, distributed, data-intensive systems SO FOURTH WORKING IEEE/IFIP CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE (WICSA 2004), PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA-4) CY JUN 12-15, 2004 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn, IFIP WG 2 10 AB The sheer amount of data produced by modern science research has created a need for the construction and understanding of "data-intensive systems", large-scale, distributed systems which integrate information. The formal nature of constructing such software systems; however, is relatively unstudied, and has been a large focus of the super-computing and distributed computing communities, rather than the software engineering communities. These data-intensive systems exhibit characteristics which appear fruitful for research from a software engineering, and software architectural focus. From our experience, the methodologies and notations for design and implementation of data-intensive systems look to be a good starting point for this important research area. This paper presents our experience with OODT a software architectural style, and middleware-based implementation for data-intensive systems developed and maintained at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. To date, OODT has been successfully evaluated in several different science domains including Planetary Science with NASA's Planetary Data System (PDS) and Cancer Research with the National Cancer Institute (NCI). C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mattmann@jpl.nasa.gov; dcrichton@jpl.nasa.gov; jshughes@jpl.nasa.gov; sean.kelly@jpl.nasa.gov; pramirez@jpl.nasa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2172-X PY 2004 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1109/WICSA.2004.1310708 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BAL09 UT WOS:000222660700024 ER PT J AU Millbury, P Doman, G Pelligra, R Matson, W AF Millbury, P Doman, G Pelligra, R Matson, W TI Oxidative stress in chronically brain injured children evidenced by metabolic pattern analysis SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 17-21, 2004 CL St Thomas, VI SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2004 VL 37 SU 1 BP S161 EP S161 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 875YK UT WOS:000225458900492 ER PT J AU Shvedova, A Kisin, E Murray, A Johnson, V Gorelik, O Arepalli, S Gandelsman, V Hubbs, A Mercer, R Kagan, V Castranova, V AF Shvedova, A Kisin, E Murray, A Johnson, V Gorelik, O Arepalli, S Gandelsman, V Hubbs, A Mercer, R Kagan, V Castranova, V TI Oxidative stress and pulmonary toxicity of carbon nanotubes SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 17-21, 2004 CL St Thomas, VI SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, HELD, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Res Branch, HELD, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Engn Directorate, Houston, TX USA. NASA, Houston, TX USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2004 VL 37 SU 1 BP S55 EP S55 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 875YK UT WOS:000225458900153 ER PT S AU Kiriazes, JJ Phillips, RL Andrews, LC AF Kiriazes, JJ Phillips, RL Andrews, LC BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Analysis of fading for a free-space optical communication link subject to atmospheric scintillation SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE atmospheric scintillation; laser communications; pulse-position modulation; gamma-gamma distribution; coding techniques ID CHANNEL AB Atmospheric scintillation causes fading to a free-space optical communications link. Optical communication links can be improved by the correct application of coding schemes customized to meet the atmospheric conditions. For this paper, we model atmospheric scintillation using a gamma-gamma probability distribution. From the scintillation model, the equations are derived for probability of fade along with mean fade time and the duration of fade. Parameters for the gamma-gamma model, directly related to atmospheric conditions, are used to compute theoretical cases of fading in weak and strong atmospheric turbulence. With the models for atmospheric fading, different coding techniques on a pulse-position modulation optical link are examined. C1 NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Kiriazes, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Mail Stop PH-F1, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.1117/12.507713 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100027 ER PT S AU Waluschka, E Scherr, LM AF Waluschka, E Scherr, LM BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI LISA optics model - Computational steps SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE laser; interferometry; space; LISA; optics AB The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) optics model is used to simulate the propagation of a laser beam inside and between widely, five million kilometers, separated spacecraft moving in orbits about the sun. Numerical beam propagation models have been around for a long time. However, because of the somewhat extreme requirements on the model, namely very large distances while still requiring sub-picometer accuracies, a detailed exposition of the computational steps is necessary to ensure that the results are understood. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Waluschka, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 5551-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 302 EP 310 DI 10.1117/12.507231 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100033 ER PT S AU Hemmati, H Esproles, C Farr, W Liu, W Estabrook, P Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS AF Hemmati, H Esproles, C Farr, W Liu, W Estabrook, P Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS BE Mecherle, GS Young, CY Stryjewski, JS TI Retro-modulator links with a mini-rover SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XVI CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA DE modulating retro-reflector; modulating comer cube; optical sensor web; optical communications AB An optical sensors web in a star pattern is formed and tested utilizing modulating retro-reflectors, where a multitude of sensors was simulated by a retro-modulator on a mini-rover. A CCD camera provides the multi-mega-bit sensor signal. Two-dimensional acquisition of a retro-modulator located away in the field, by a base-station equipped with a laser and a receiver was demonstrated while reading out data at 10 Mbps data-rate. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hemmati, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5246-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5338 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1117/12.537825 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAL05 UT WOS:000222660300005 ER PT S AU Hamkins, J Moision, B AF Hamkins, J Moision, B BE Mecherle, GS Young, CY Stryjewski, JS TI Selection of modulation and codes for deep space optical communications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XVI CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA DE error-correcting codes; capacity; Reed-Solomon codes; convolutional codes; concatenated codes; pulse position modulation; deep space communications; optical communications AB We describe several properties of deep space optical channels that lead to an appropriate selection of modulation format, pulse position modulation (PPM) order, error control code rate, and coding scheme. The selection process is motivated by capacity considerations. We compare the Shannon limit to the performance of Reed-Solomon codes and convolutional codes concatenated with PPM and show that, when iteratively decoded, concatenated convolutional codes operate approximately 0.5 dB from capacity over a wide range of signal levels, about 2.5 dB better than Reed-Solomon codes. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hamkins, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5246-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5338 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1117/12.528434 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAL05 UT WOS:000222660300013 ER PT S AU Fernandez, MM Vilnrotter, VA AF Fernandez, MM Vilnrotter, VA BE Mecherle, GS Young, CY Stryjewski, JS TI Coherent optical receiver for PPM signals received through atmospheric turbulence: Performance analysis and preliminary experimental results SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XVI CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA DE coherent optical communications; pulse position modulation; focal plane array AB The performance of a coherent free-space optical communications system is investigated. Bit Error Rate (BER) performance is analyzed, and laboratory equipment and experimental setup used to carry out these experiments at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory are described. The key components include two lasers operating at 1064 nm wavelength for use with coherent detection, a 16 element (4X4) focal plane detector array, and data acquisition and signal processing assembly needed to sample and collect the data and analyze the results. Combining of the signals is accomplished using the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. Convergence of the algorithm for experimentally obtained signal tones is demonstrated in these initial experiments. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fernandez, MM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5246-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5338 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1117/12.529475 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAL05 UT WOS:000222660300016 ER PT S AU Vilnrotter, V Lau, CW Srinivasan, M Mukai, R Andrews, K AF Vilnrotter, V Lau, CW Srinivasan, M Mukai, R Andrews, K BE Mecherle, GS Young, CY Stryjewski, JS TI Optical array receiver for deep-space communications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XVI CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA DE optical array receiver; con-ununication through turbulence AB An optical array receiver concept is developed and analyzed. It is shown that for ground-based reception, the number of array elements can be increased without any performance degradation, as long as the array telescope diameters exceed the coherence-length of the atmosphere. Maximum likelihood detection of turbulence-degraded signal fields is developed for the case of pulse-position modulated (PPM) signals observed in the presence of background radiation. Performance of optical array receivers is compared to single-aperture receivers with diameters ranging from 4 to 8 meters, both in the presence of turbulence and in a turbulence-free environment such as space. It is shown that in the absence of atmospheric turbulence, single-aperture receivers outperform receiver arrays when significant background radiation is present. However, it is also demonstrated that for ground-based reception of deep-space signals, the number of array elements can be as great as several thousand without incurring any performance degradation relative to a large single-aperture receiver. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Vilnrotter, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5246-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5338 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1117/12.529628 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAL05 UT WOS:000222660300017 ER PT S AU Biswas, A Wilson, KE Piazzolla, S Wu, J Farr, WH AF Biswas, A Wilson, KE Piazzolla, S Wu, J Farr, WH BE Mecherle, GS Young, CY Stryjewski, JS TI Deep space optical communications link availability and data volume SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XVI CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA AB Optical links from a spacecraft at planetary distance to a ground-based receiver presume a cloud free line of site (CFLOS). Future ground-based optical receiving networks, should they be implemented, will rely on site diversity of cloud cover to increase link availability. Recent analysis shows that at least 90% and as high as 96% CFLOS availability can be realized from a cluster comprised of 3-4 nodes. During CFLOS availability variations of atmospheric parameters such as attenuation, sky radiance and "seeing" will determine the link performance. However, it is the statistical distributions of these parameters at any given node that will ultimately determine the data volumes that can be realized. This involves a complex interaction of site-specific atmospheric parameters. In the present work a simplified approach toward addressing this problem is presented. The worst-case link conditions for a spacecraft orbiting Mars, namely, maximum range (2.38 AU) and minimum sun-Earth-probe (SEP) angle of 3-10degrees is considered. A lower bound of similar to100 Gbits/day under the most stressing link conditions is estimated possible. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5246-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5338 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.537823 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAL05 UT WOS:000222660300018 ER PT S AU Prasad, NS Kratovil, PT Bjork, C Vallestero, NJ AF Prasad, NS Kratovil, PT Bjork, C Vallestero, NJ BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Angle discrimination based pointing and tracking for free-space communication links SO FREE SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications IV CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE free-space optical communications; pointing and tracking; atmospheric turbulence; scanner; Greenwood frequency AB Laser based free-space-optical communication (FSOC) links are known to provide covert, secure, jam-proof and very high bandwidth performances. For mobile platforms, precision pointing and tracking schemes are critical for continuous guiding of a modulated laser beam to establish data link maintenance. In this paper, preliminary experiments of an angle-discrimination based smart pointing and tracking scheme suitable for high-speed, closed-loop, FSOC is discussed. A dual-axis, high-speed, galvo-mirror based scanner was utilized for conical scanning at 550 Hz. Greenwood frequency in the presence of moderate atmospheric turbulence over a range of 1 km at 1.5 mum was measured. It is shown that selection of a scan frequency much higher than the Greenwood frequency reduces scintillation effects on scan angle measurements for track loop maintenance. The measured scan angle value of the receiver with respect to transmit beam when fed back to the scanner through an optical transponder would allow pointing error estimation and correction. Based on our initial phenomenology study, it is shown that the scan-angle modulation based pointing and tracking scheme would provide data-link reliability for dynamic platforms traveling on rough terrains. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Prasad, NS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 5 N Dryden St,LEOB MS 468,B1202, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5488-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5550 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.1117/12.562084 PG 12 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BBJ21 UT WOS:000225747200003 ER PT S AU Roberts, WT Petrie, HL Pickles, AJ Thicksten, RP Echols, C AF Roberts, WT Petrie, HL Pickles, AJ Thicksten, RP Echols, C BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Feasibility of utilizing the 200-inch Hale telescope as a deep-space optical receiver SO FREE SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications IV CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE AB Capturing the very faint optical communications signals expected from the Mars Laser Communication Demonstration (MLCD) experiment to fly aboard the Mars Telecommunications Orbiter (MTO) in 2009 requires a sensitive receiver placed at the focus of a large collecting aperture. For the purpose of demonstrating the potential of deep-space optical communication, it makes sense to employ a large astronomical telescope as a temporary receiver. Because of its large collecting aperture, its reputation as a well-run instrument, and its relative convenience, the 200-inch Hale Telescope on Palomar Mountain is being considered as a demonstration optical 'antenna' for the experiment. However, use of the telescope in this manner presents unique challenges to be overcome, the greatest of which is pointing the telescope and maintaining the communication link to within a few degrees of the Sun. This paper presents our candidate approaches for adapting the Hale telescope to meet the demonstration requirements. modifications to the facilities and infrastructure,, the derivation of requirements for baffles and filters to meet the near-Sun pointing objectives, and initial data on the potential of candidate modifications to meet the requirements. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Roberts, WT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5488-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5550 BP 326 EP 335 DI 10.1117/12.563324 PG 10 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BBJ21 UT WOS:000225747200034 ER PT B AU Huntsberger, T Aghazarian, H AF Huntsberger, T Aghazarian, H BE Schaal, S Ijspeert, A Billard, A Vijayakumar, S Hallam, J Meyer, JA TI Learning to behave: Adaptive behavior for planetary surface rovers SO FROM ANIMALS TO ANIMATS 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (SAB 2004) CY JUL 13-17, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA ID NONSTATIONARY CONDITIONS; ACTION SELECTION; MOBILE ROBOTS; HISTORY; REPRESENTATION; EXPLORATION; NAVIGATION AB Robotic missions to planetary surfaces are becoming more ambitious and of longer duration. The nominal mission timeline for the MER (Mars Exploration Rovers) called Spirit and Opportunity currently on the Martian surface is 90 days, with extensions to 180 days and beyond depending on rover health. The upcoming 2009 MSL (Mars Science Laboratory) mission is planned to be 300500 days, and will possibly involve traverses on the order of multiple kilometers. Due to time delays of up to 40 minutes round-trip for control, the rovers will require a high degree of onboard autonomous behavior that must also adapt to declining health and unknown environmental conditions during a long duration mission. This paper presents an algorithm for onboard adaptive learning of weights within a rover hierarchical behavior control framework called SMART (System for Mobility and Access to Rough Terrain). SMART is based on earlier work in free flow behavior hierarchies for planetary surface rovers (Huntsberger & Rose, 1998; Huntsberger, 2001). We also present the results of some preliminary laboratory and field studies. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 82-105, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Terry.Huntsberger@jpl.nasa.gov; Hrand.Aghazarian@jpl.nasa.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 0-262-69341-0 PY 2004 BP 519 EP 527 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science; Robotics GA BDC04 UT WOS:000232494300053 ER PT S AU Zurauskiene, N Asmontas, SS Dargys, A Kundrotas, J Janssen, G Goovaerts, E Marcinkevicius, S Koenraad, PM Wolter, JH Leon, R AF Zurauskiene, N Asmontas, SS Dargys, A Kundrotas, J Janssen, G Goovaerts, E Marcinkevicius, S Koenraad, PM Wolter, JH Leon, R BE Lojkowski, W Blizzard, JR TI Semiconductor nanostructures for infrared applications SO FUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS FOR OPTOELECTRONICS AND OTHER APPLICATIONS SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Functional Nanomaterials for Optoelectronics and other Applications held at the 2003 E-MRS Fall Meeting CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, POLAND SP European Mat Res Soc, Polish Mat Soc, Polish Acad Sci, High Pressure Res Ctr, PAS, Inst Phys, Wasaw Univ Technol, Fac Mat Sci & Engn HO Warsaw Univ Technol DE infrared photodetectors; quantum dots; quantum wells; proton irradiation; alpha particles; photoluminescence; magnetic resonance ID INAS/GAAS QUANTUM DOTS; CARRIER DYNAMICS; PROTON IRRADIATION; WELL; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTODETECTORS; DETECTORS; TRANSPORT; EMISSION AB The results of time-resolved photo luminescence (TRPL) and optically detected microwave resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy investigations of semiconductor quantum dots and quantum wells are presented. The ODMR spectra of InAs/GaAs QDs were detected via modulation of the total intensity of the QDs emission induced by 95 GHz microwave excitation and the exciton fine structure was studied. Very long life times (up to 10 ns) of photoexcited carriers were observed in this system using TRPL at low temperatures and excitation intensities promising higher responsitivity of such QDs for infrared photodetector development. The effects of proton and alpha particles irradiation on carrier dynamics were investigated on different InGaAs/GaAs, InAlAs/AlGaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs QD and QW systems. The results showed that carrier lifetimes in QDs are much less affected by proton irradiation than that in QWs. A strong influence of irradiation on PL intensity was observed in multiple QWs after high-energy alpha particles irradiation. C1 Inst Semicond Phys, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Antwerp, Dept Phys, B-2410 Antwerp, Belgium. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Microelect & Informat Technol, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Phys, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zurauskiene, N (reprint author), Inst Semicond Phys, A Gostauto 11, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. RI Goovaerts, Etienne/C-9630-2012; Koenraad, Paul/B-8764-2015 OI Koenraad, Paul/0000-0002-3813-1474 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2004 VL 99-100 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAT88 UT WOS:000223533500015 ER PT S AU Band, DL Norris, JP Bonnell, JT AF Band, DL Norris, JP Bonnell, JT BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Burst statistics using the lag-luminosity relationship SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AB Using the lag-luminosity relation and various BATSE catalogs we create a large catalog of burst redshifts, peak luminosities and emitted energies. These catalogs permit us to evaluate the lag-luminosity relation, and to study the burst energy distribution. We find that this distribution can be described as a power law with an index of alpha = 1.76 +/- 0.05 (95% confidence), close to the alpha = 2 predicted by the original quasi-universal jet model. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Band, DL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700012 ER PT S AU Kazanas, D Georganopoulos, M Mastichiadis, A AF Kazanas, D Georganopoulos, M Mastichiadis, A BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI The "Supercritical pile" model of GRB: thresholds, polarization, time lags SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; EMISSION; BATSE AB The essence of the "Supercritical Pile" model is a process for converting the energy stored in the relativistic protons of a Relativistic Blast Wave (RBW) with Lorentz factor F into electron - positron pairs of similar Lorentz factor, while at the same time emitting most of the GRB luminosity at an energy E-p similar or equal to I MeV. This is achieved by scattering the synchrotron radiation emitted by the RBW in an upstream located "mirror" and then re-intercepting it by the RBW. The repeated scatterings of radiation between the RBW and the "mirror", along with the threshold of the pair production reaction pgamma --> pe(-) e(+), lead to a maximum in the GRB luminosity at an energy Ep c I MeV, independent of the value of F. Furthermore, the same threshold implies that the prompt gamma-ray emission is only possible for Gamma larger than a minimum value, thereby providing a "natural" account for the termination of this stage of the GRB as the RBW slows down. Within this model the gamma-ray (E similar to 100 keV - 1 MeV) emission process is due to Inverse Compton scattering and it is thus expected to be highly polarized if viewed at angles theta similar or equal to 1/Gamma to the RBW's direction of motion. Finally, the model also predicts tags in the light curves of the lower energy photons with respect to those of higher energy; these are of purely kinematic origin and of magnitude Deltat - 10(-2) s, in agreement with observation. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kazanas, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 294 EP 297 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700061 ER PT S AU Norris, JP Bonnell, JT AF Norris, JP Bonnell, JT BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI How can the SN-GRB time delay be measured? SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; 25 APRIL 1998; CORE-COLLAPSE; SUPERNOVA AB The connection between SNe and GRBs, launched by SN 1998bw / GRB 980425 and clinched by SN 2003dh / GRB 030329 - with the two GRBs differing by a factor of - 50000 in luminosity-so far suggests a rough upper limit of similar to 1-2 days for the delay between SN and GRB. Only four SNe have had nonnegligible coverage in close coincidence with the initial explosion, near the UV shock breakout: two Type II, and two Type Ic, SN 1999ex and SN 1998bw. For the latter, only a hint of the minimum between the UV maximum and the radioactivity bump served to help constrain the interval between SN and GRB. Swift GRB alerts may provide the opportunity to study many SNe through the UV breakout phase: GRB 980425 "look alikes" - apparently nearby, low-luminosity, soft-spectrum, long-lag GRBs - accounted for half of BATSE bursts near threshold, and may dominate the Swift yield near threshold, since it has sensitivity to lower energies than did BATSE. The SN to GRB delay timescale should be better constrained by prompt UV/optical observations alerted by these bursts. Definitive delay measurements may be obtained if long-lag bursters are truly nearby: The SNe/GRBs could emit gravitational radiation detectable by LIGO-II if robust non-axisymmetric bar instabilities develop during core collapse, and/or neutrino emission may be detectable as suggested by Meszaros et al. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Norris, JP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 412 EP 415 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700086 ER PT S AU Band, DL AF Band, DL BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Burst populations and detector sensitivity SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc AB The F-T (peak bolometric photon flux) vs. E-p (peak energy) plane is a powerful tool to compare the burst populations detected by different detectors. Detector sensitivity curves in this plane demonstrate which burst populations the detectors will detect. For example, future CZT-based detectors will show the largest increase in sensitivity for soft bursts, and will be particularly well-suited to study X-ray rich bursts and X-ray Flashes. Identical bursts at different redshifts describe a track in the F-T-E-p plane. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Band, DL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 597 EP 600 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700126 ER PT S AU Gehrels, N AF Gehrels, N BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI The swift gamma-ray burst mission SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; AFTERGLOW AB Swift is a first-of-its-kind multiwavelength transient observatory for GRB astronomy. It has the optimum capabilities for the next breakthroughs in determining the origin of GRBs and their afterglows, as well as using bursts to probe the early Universe. Swift will also perform the first sensitive hard X-ray survey of the sky. The mission is being developed by an international collaboration and consists of three instruments, the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), the X-ray Telescope (XRT), and the Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT). The BAT, a wide-field gamma-ray detector, will detect >100 GRBs per year with a sensitivity >2 times that of BATSE. The sensitive narrow-field XRT and UVOT will be autonomously slewed to the burst location in 20 to 75 seconds to determine 0.3-5.0 arcsec positions and perform optical, UV, and X-ray spectrophotometry. Strong education/public outreach and follow-up programs will help to engage the public and astronomical community. The Swift launch is planned for mid 2004. C1 Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gehrels, N (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 637 EP 641 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700134 ER PT S AU Krimm, HA Banat, P Barthelmy, SD Belloni, T Cummings, JR Dean, A Fenimore, EE Gehrels, N Markwardt, CB Palmer, DM Parsons, AM Tueller, J Willis, D AF Krimm, HA Banat, P Barthelmy, SD Belloni, T Cummings, JR Dean, A Fenimore, EE Gehrels, N Markwardt, CB Palmer, DM Parsons, AM Tueller, J Willis, D BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Swift burst alert telescope hard X-ray monitor and survey SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc AB The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on the Swift gamma ray burst mission will perform the first new all sky hard X-ray survey since 1977. Swift will perform pointings covering >64% of the sky each day and achieve an integrated systematics limited sensitivity in three years of 0.6 milliCrabs for sources well off the galactic plane. This survey is expected to identify hundreds of new highly obscured AGN. BAT will also serve as a sensitive rapid response X-ray outburst and transient monitor. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Krimm, HA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 655 EP 658 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700138 ER PT S AU Krimm, HA Barbier, LM Barthelmy, SD Cummings, JR Fenimore, EE Gehrels, N Hullinger, DD Markwardt, CB Palmer, DM Parsons, AM Tueller, J AF Krimm, HA Barbier, LM Barthelmy, SD Cummings, JR Fenimore, EE Gehrels, N Hullinger, DD Markwardt, CB Palmer, DM Parsons, AM Tueller, J BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Swift burst alert telescope data products and analysis software SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc AB The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on the Swift gamma-ray burst mission serves as the GRB trigger for Swift as well as a sensitive imaging telescope for the energy range of 15150 keV. All BAT data products will be available to tire astronomical community along with a complete set of analysis tools. Gamma-ray burst data products include rapid discovery messages delivered immediately via the GRB Coordinates Network, and event-by-event data from which light curves and spectra of the burst are generated. During nominal operations, the instrument provides accumulated survey histograms with 5-minute time sampling and appropriate energy resolution. These survey accumulations are analyzed in a pipeline to detect new sources and derive light curves of known sources. The 5-minute surveys will also be combined to produce the BAT all sky hard Xray survey. In addition, the instrument accumulates high time resolution light curves of the brightest BAT sources in multiple energy bands, which are merged into a source light curve database on the ground. The BAT science data products and analysis tools will be described in this paper. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Krimm, HA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 659 EP 662 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700139 ER PT S AU Parsons, A Barthelmy, S Cummings, J Gehrels, N Hullinger, D Krimm, H Markwardt, C Tueller, J Fenimore, E Palmer, D Sato, G Takahashi, T Nakazawa, K Okada, Y Takahashi, H Suzuki, M Tashiro, M AF Parsons, A Barthelmy, S Cummings, J Gehrels, N Hullinger, D Krimm, H Markwardt, C Tueller, J Fenimore, E Palmer, D Sato, G Takahashi, T Nakazawa, K Okada, Y Takahashi, H Suzuki, M Tashiro, M BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Swift burst alert telescope (BAT) instrument response SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc AB The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), a large coded aperture instrument with a wide field-of-view (FOV), provides the gamma-ray burst triggers and locations for the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer. In addition to providing this imaging information, BAT will perform a 15 keV - 150 keV all-sky hard x-ray survey based on the serendipitous pointings resulting from the study of gamma-ray bursts, and will also monitor the sky for transient hard x-ray sources. For BAT to provide spectral and photometric information for the gamma-ray bursts, the transient sources and the all-sky survey, the BAT instrument response must be determined to an increasingly greater accuracy. This paper describes the spectral models and the ground calibration experiments used to determine the BAT response to an accuracy suitable for gamma-ray burst studies. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Parsons, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 671 EP 674 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700142 ER PT S AU Band, D Briggs, A Connaughton, V Kippen, M Preece, R AF Band, D Briggs, A Connaughton, V Kippen, M Preece, R BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI GLAST's GBM burst trigger SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc AB The GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM) will detect and localize bursts for the GLAST mission, and provide the spectral and temporal context in the traditional 10 keV to 25 MeV band for the high energy observations by the Large Area Telescope (LAT). The GBM will use traditional rate triggers in up to three energy bands, and on a variety of timescales between 16 ms and 16 s. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Band, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 688 EP 691 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700146 ER PT S AU Band, DL Digel, SW AF Band, DL Digel, SW CA GLAST LAT Collaboration GLAST Sci Support Ctr BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Analysis of burst observations by GLAST's LAT detector SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc AB Analyzing data from GLAST's Large Area Telescope (LAT) will require sophisticated techniques. The PSF and effective area are functions of both photon energy and the position in the field-of-view. During most of the mission the observatory will survey the sky continuously, and thus, the LAT will detect each count from a source at a different detector orientation; each count requires its own response function! The likelihood as a function of celestial position and photon energy will be the foundation of the standard analysis techniques. However, the 20 Mev-300 GeV emission at the time of the similar to 100 keV burst emission (timescale of similar to 10 s) can be isolated and analyzed because essentially no non-burst counts are expected within a PSF radius of the burst location during the burst. Both binned and unbinned (in energy) spectral fitting will be possible. Longer timescale afterglow emission will require the likelihood analysis that will be used for persistent sources. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Band, DL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 692 EP 695 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700147 ER PT S AU Agogino, A Tumer, K AF Agogino, A Tumer, K BE Deb, K Poli, R Banzhaf, W Beyer, HG Burke, E Darwen, P Dasgupta, D Floreano, D Foster, O Harman, M Holland, O Lanzi, PL Spector, L Tettamanzi, A Thierens, D Tyrrell, A TI Efficient evaluation functions for multi-rover systems SO GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION - GECCO 2004, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2004) CY JUN 26-30, 2004 CL Seattle, WA AB Evolutionary computation can successfully create control policies for single-agent continuous control problems. This paper extends single-agent evolutionary computation to multi-agent systems, where a large collection of agents strives to maximize a global fitness evaluation function that rates the performance of the entire system. This problem is solved in a distributed manner, where each agent evolves its own population of neural networks that are used as the control policies for the agent. Each agent evolves its population using its own agent-specific fitness evaluation function. We propose to create these agent-specific evaluation functions using the theory of collectives to avoid the coordination problem where each agent evolves neural networks that maximize its own fitness function, yet the system as a whole achieves low values of the global fitness function. Instead we will ensure that each fitness evaluation function is both "aligned" with the global evaluation function and is "learnable," i.e., the agents can readily see how their behavior affects their evaluation function. We then show how these agent-specific evaluation functions outperform global evaluation methods by up to 600% in a domain where a collection of rovers attempts to maximize the amount of information observed while navigating through a simulated environment. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Agogino, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mailstop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM adrian@email.arc.nasa.gov; kagan@email.arc.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22344-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3102 BP 1 EP 11 PN 1 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBE15 UT WOS:000225101200001 ER PT S AU Keymeulen, D Zebulum, R Vu, DO Guo, X Ferguson, I Stoica, A AF Keymeulen, D Zebulum, R Vu, DO Guo, X Ferguson, I Stoica, A BE Deb, K Poli, R Banzhaf, W Beyer, HG Burke, E Darwen, P Dasgupta, D Floreano, D Foster, O Harman, M Holland, O Lanzi, PL Spector, L Tettamanzi, A Thierens, D Tyrrell, A TI High temperature experiments for circuit self-recovery SO GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION - GECCO 2004, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2004) CY JUN 26-30, 2004 CL Seattle, WA AB Temperature and radiation tolerant electronics, as well as long life survivability are key capabilities required for future NASA missions. Current approaches to electronics for extreme environments focus on component level robustness and hardening. Compensation techniques such as bias cancellation circuitry have also been employed. However, current technology can only ensure very limited lifetime in extreme environments. This paper presents a novel approach, based on evolvable hardware technology, which allows adaptive in-situ circuit redesign/reconfiguration during operation in extreme environments. This technology would complement material/device advancements and increase the mission capability to survive harsh environments. The approach is demonstrated on a mixed-signal programmable chip, which recovers functionality until 280degreesC. We show in this paper the functionality recovery at high temperatures for a variety of circuits, including rectifiers, amplifiers and filters. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Keymeulen, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM didier.keymeulen@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22344-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3102 BP 792 EP 803 PN 1 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBE15 UT WOS:000225101200082 ER PT S AU Hornby, GS AF Hornby, GS BE Deb, K Poli, R Banzhaf, W Beyer, HG Burke, E Darwen, P Dasgupta, D Floreano, D Foster, O Harman, M Holland, O Lanzi, PL Spector, L Tettamanzi, A Thierens, D Tyrrell, A TI Shortcomings with tree-structured edge encodings for neural networks SO GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION GECCO 2004 , PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2004) CY JUN 26-30, 2004 CL Seattle, WA ID EVOLUTION AB In evolutionary algorithms a common method for encoding neural networks is to use a tree-structured assembly procedure for constructing them. Since node operators have difficulties in specifying edge weights and these operators are execution-order dependent, an alternative is to use edge operators. Here we identify three problems with edge operators: in the initialization phase most randomly created genotypes produce an incorrect number of inputs and outputs; variation operators can easily change the number of input/output (I/O) units; and units have a connectivity bias based on their order of creation. Instead of creating I/O nodes as part of the construction process we propose using parameterized operators to connect to pre-existing I/O units. Results from experiments show that these parameterized operators greatly improve the probability of creating and maintaining networks with the correct number of I/O units, remove the connectivity bias with I/O units and produce better controllers for a goal-scoring task. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS Grp Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hornby, GS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS Grp Inc, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM hornby@email.arc.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22343-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3103 BP 495 EP 506 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBD76 UT WOS:000225040600060 ER PT J AU Jahnke, LL Embaye, T Hope, J Turk, KA Van Zuilen, M Des Marais, DJ Farmer, JD Summons, RE AF Jahnke, Linda L. Embaye, Tsegereda Hope, Janet Turk, Kendra A. Van Zuilen, Mark Des Marais, David J. Farmer, Jack D. Summons, Roger E. TI Lipid biomarker and carbon isotopic signatures for stromatolite-forming, microbial mat communities and Phormidium cultures from Yellowstone National Park SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The molecular and isotopic compositions of lipid biomarkers from cultured filamentous cyanobacteria (Phormidium, also known as Leptolyngbya) have been used to investigate the community and trophic structure of photosynthetic mats from alkaline hot springs of the Lower Geyser Basin at Yellowstone National Park. We studied a shallow-water coniform mat from Octopus Spring (OS) and a submerged, tufted mat from Fountain Paint Pots (FPP) and found that 2-methylhopanepolyols and mid-chain branched methylalkanes were diagnostic for cyanobacteria, whereas abundant wax esters were representative of the green non-sulphur bacterial population. The biomarker composition of cultured Phormidium-isolates varied, but was generally representative of the bulk mat composition. The carbon isotopic fractionation for biomass relative to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; epsilon CO(2)) for cultures grown with 1% CO(2) ranged from 21.4 to 26.1 and was attenuated by diffusion limitation associated with filament aggregation (i.e. cell clumping). Isotopic differences between biomass and lipid biomarkers, and between lipid classes, depended on the cyanobacterial strain, but was positively correlated with overall fractionation. Acetogenic lipids (alkanes and fatty acids) were generally more depleted than isoprenoids (phytol and hopanoids). The delta(13)C(TOC) for OS and FPP mats were somewhat heavier than for cultures (-16.9 and -23.6%, respectively), which presumably reflects the lower availability of DIC in the natural environment. The isotopic dispersions among cyanobacterial biomarkers, biomass and DIC reflected those established for culture experiments. The 7-methyl- and 7,11-dimethylheptadecanes were from 9 to 11 parts per thousand depleted relative to the bulk organic carbon, whereas 2-methylhopanols derived from the oxidation-reduction of bacteriohopanepolyol were enriched relative to branched alkanes by approximately 5-7 parts per thousand. These isotopic relationships survived with depth and indicated that the relatively heavy isotopic composition of the OS mat resulted from diffusion limitation. This study supports the suggestion that culture studies can establish valid isotopic relationships for interpretation of trophic structure in modern and ancient microbial ecosystems. C1 [Jahnke, Linda L.; Des Marais, David J.; Summons, Roger E.] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Embaye, Tsegereda] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Hope, Janet; Summons, Roger E.] Australian Geol Survey Org, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Turk, Kendra A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Farmer, Jack D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Jahnke, LL (reprint author), NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Linda.L.Jahnke@nasa.gov RI van Zuilen, Mark/K-2193-2012 FU NASA's Exobiology programme; NASA's Astrobiology Institute; NASA Planetary Biology Internship FX This work was supported by NASA's Exobiology programme and NASA's Astrobiology Institute. The contribution of M. v. Z. was supported by a NASA Planetary Biology Internship. The YNP fieldwork was carried out under a Research Permit issued to J. F. We thank the Yellowstone staff for their support and especially ranger Jon Dahlheim for interfacing with the public during our Fountain Paint Pots fieldwork. NR 93 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1472-4677 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JAN PY 2004 VL 2 IS 1 BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00021.x PG 17 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA V06CI UT WOS:000207171300003 ER PT J AU Grab, SW Gatebe, CK Kinyua, AM AF Grab, SW Gatebe, CK Kinyua, AM TI Ground thermal profiles from Mount Kenya, East Africa SO GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A-PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE ground thermal regimes; cryogenic characteristics; Mount Kenya ID ACTIVE LAYER; GLACIER; FLUCTUATIONS; PERMAFROST; MOISTURE AB This paper presents and compares ground thermal regimes at 4200 and 4800 m a.s.l. on Mount Kenya's southern aspect. Temperatures were recorded using Tinytalk(TM) data loggers, installed at the ground surface and at depths of 1 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm and 50 cm. Temperatures were logged at 2-hour intervals over a period of 12 months (August 1998 to July 1999). The study is designed to demonstrate near-surface freeze conditions, which would have implications for contemporary periglacial landform production. Although ground freeze at 4200 m a.s.l. occurs during most nights (c. 70% at 1 cm depth), freeze penetration is restricted to the top 2 to 3 cm, such that no freeze was recorded at 5 cm depth. At 4800 m a.s.l., the diurnal frost frequency at the surface is 365 days (100%), whilst that at 10 cm depth is 165 days (45%). The paper demonstrates that a greater longevity of contemporary thin snow cover at 4800 m a.s.l. permits progressive sub-surface cooling with depth. However, the near-surface ground temperature profiles suggest that conditions are not conducive to permafrost development at the sites. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geog Archaeol & Environm Studies, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Nairobi, Inst Sci Nucl, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Grab, SW (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geog Archaeol & Environm Studies, P Bag 3, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. RI Gatebe, Charles/G-7094-2011 OI Gatebe, Charles/0000-0001-9261-2239 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0435-3676 J9 GEOGR ANN A JI Geogr. Ann. Ser. A-Phys. Geogr. PY 2004 VL 86A IS 2 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1111/j.0435-3676.2004.00219.x PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 837LT UT WOS:000222637600002 ER PT B AU Simon, M Dolinar, S AF Simon, M Dolinar, S GP ieee TI Signal-to-noise ratio estimation for autonomous receiver operation SO GLOBECOM '04: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 04) CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Strateg Alliance Metroplex Technol, Freescale, IDT, Nokia, Univ Texas Austin, ECE, Wireless Valley Commun Inc, ALCATEL, ALTERA, Raytheon, SMU Eng, UTA Eng, Univ Texas Dallas, Erik Jonsson Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Axes Technol AB A robust SNR estimator is proposed and its performance analyzed for a variety of cases dealing with its operation in receivers where little or no information is known regarding other system parameters such as carrier phase and frequency, order of the modulation, and data symbol knowledge. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Simon, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8794-5 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2004 BP 282 EP 287 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBO43 UT WOS:000226689900055 ER PT B AU Simon, M Kiasaleh, K AF Simon, M Kiasaleh, K GP ieee TI Performance of computationally efficient multiple-symbol differential detection scheme in the presence of phase noise SO GLOBECOM '04: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 04) CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Strateg Alliance Metroplex Technol, Freescale, IDT, Nokia, Univ Texas Austin, ECE, Wireless Valley Commun Inc, ALCATEL, ALTERA, Raytheon, SMU Eng, UTA Eng, Univ Texas Dallas, Erik Jonsson Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Axes Technol AB In this paper, a new metric is proposed for multiplesymbol differential-detection of phase noise-impaired binary differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK) signals. The performance of the proposed metric is evaluated in terms of the overall bit error rate (BER) using analytical means. It is assumed that the observation interval extends over three consecutive symbol interval and that the received signal is corrupted by oscillator phase noise. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Simon, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8794-5 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2004 BP 304 EP 307 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBO43 UT WOS:000226689900059 ER PT B AU Simon, MK Jafarkhani, H AF Simon, MK Jafarkhani, H GP ieee TI Error probability performance evaluation of super-quasi-orthogonal space-time trellis codes SO GLOBECOM '04: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 04) CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Strateg Alliance Metroplex Technol, Freescale, IDT, Nokia, Univ Texas Austin, ECE, Wireless Valley Commun Inc, ALCATEL, ALTERA, Raytheon, SMU Eng, UTA Eng, Univ Texas Dallas, Erik Jonsson Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Axes Technol AB The moment-generating function (MGF)-based method, which has previously been applied with great success in evaluating the error probability performance of more traditional space-time block and trellis codes, is equally useful when applied to systems employing super-quasi-orthogonal space-time trellis codes. Its utility in exactly evaluating the pairwise error probability has been demonstrated for both fast and slow Rayleigh fading channels with the results obtainable either in closed form or as a single integral with finite limits and an integrand composed solely of trigonometric functions. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Simon, MK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8794-5 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2004 BP 555 EP 560 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBO43 UT WOS:000226689900108 ER PT J AU Dickerson, PW AF Dickerson, PW TI Pampean orogen: An intraplate component of Early Paleozoic deformation? SO GONDWANA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gondwana 11 Conference CY AUG 25-30, 2002 CL UNIV CANTERBURY, CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND HO UNIV CANTERBURY DE Tien Shan; Ancestral Rocky Mountains; Pampean orogeny; South America; intraplate orogenesis ID ANCESTRAL ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; TIBETAN PLATEAU; NORTH-AMERICA; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; INDIAN-OCEAN; TIEN-SHAN; COLLISION; EXAMPLES; DYNAMICS AB After accretion of the Pampean continental fragment to the western Rio de la Plata craton margin (similar to530 Ma), subsequent deformation, crustal anatexis and plutonism may have been intraplate responses to Brasiliano-PanAfrican collisional tectonism on the eastern margin during the amalgamation of Gondwana. Investigations of intraplate orogens such as the Tien Shan and the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, as well as of analogue and numerical models, permit discrimination of two early Paleozoic tectonomagmatic phases in the Sierras Pampeanas. The first involved marginal trough subduction and calc-alkaline magmatism, culminating in accretion of the Pampean terrane to the western craton edge; the second was characterized by crustal anatexis and peraluminous plutonism, penetrative deformation and high-angle reverse faulting resulting from continental collision on the eastern craton margin. Field observations from modern (Tien Shan) and ancient (Ancestral Rocky Mountains) intraplate chains, deep seismic and borehole data, radiometric and fission-track data constitute control for analogue and numerical models of intraplate deformation resulting from continental collision. Near-simultaneous continent-wide deformation, regularly spaced ranges/buckles, reverse-fault initiation at fold hinges of buckles, and doubling of crustal thickness are replicated in structural arrays formed in four-layer analogue models of lithospheric buckling. These data have significant implications for the ductile deformation, crustral thickening and post-subduction plutonism that spanned central South America in Late Cambrian time. C1 NASA, Lockheed Martin, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Dickerson, PW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78713 USA. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC GONDWANA RESEARCH PI KOCHI PA KOCHI UNIV, FACULTY SCIENCE AKEBONO-CHO 2-5-1, KOCHI, 780-8520, JAPAN SN 1342-937X J9 GONDWANA RES JI Gondwana Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70310-5 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 760TV UT WOS:000187851700010 ER PT J AU Ray, J Dong, D Altamimi, Z AF Ray, J Dong, D Altamimi, Z TI IGS reference frames: status and future improvements SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE FRAME; SEMIDIURNAL VARIATIONS; GPS DATA; ART.; DEFORMATION; SATELLITES; GEOCENTER; ITRF2000; MOTION; SYSTEM AB The hierarchy of reference frames used in the International GPS Service (IGS) and the procedures and rationale for realizing them are reviewed. The Conventions of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) lag developments in the IGS in a number of important respects. Recommendations are offered for changes in the IERS Conventions to recognize geocenter motion (as already implemented by the IGS) and to enforce greater model consistency in order to achieve higher precision for combined reference frame products. Despite large improvements in the internal consistency of IGS product sets, defects remain which should be addressed in future developments. If the IGS is to remain a leader in this area, then a comprehensive, long-range strategy should be formulated and pursued to maintain and enhance the IGS reference frame, as well as to improve its delivery to users. Actions should include the official designation of a high-performance reference tracking network whose stations are expected to meet the highest standards possible. C1 Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. US Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Inst Geog Natl, Paris, France. RP Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. EM jimr@ngs.noaa.gov RI Altamimi, Zuheir/A-4168-2009 NR 32 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 EI 1521-1886 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PY 2004 VL 8 IS 4 BP 251 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s10291-004-0110-x PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 908YX UT WOS:000227827200008 ER PT S AU Hollenbach, D Gorti, U AF Hollenbach, D Gorti, U BE GarciaSegura, G TenorioTagle, G Yorke, JFH TI Gas heating, chemistry, and infrared spectra in intermediate-aged disks around low mass stars SO GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE: FROM MASSIVE STARS TO PLANETS SE REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA, SERIE DE CONFERENCIAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gravitational Collapse - From Massive Stars to Planets CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Ensenada, MEXICO DE infrared : stars; stars : circumstellar matter; stars : formation; stars : planetary systems : protoplanetary disks ID PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; GIANT PLANETS AB We model gas and dust emission from intermediate-aged (similar to 10(7) years) disks extending 1-20 AU around a solar mass central star. The models self-consistently treat thermal balance and chemistry, and calculate the vertical density and temperature structure of the gas in a disk. The models cover gas masses 10(-3) - 1 M-J and dust masses 10(-7) - 10(-4) M-J, so that the dust is fairly optically thin to stellar radiation. We focus on infrared emission lines from various gas species such as the rotational lines of H-2, OH, H2O and CO molecules and the fine structure lines of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, iron, and silicon atoms and ions, many of which are observable by the Spitzer Space Telescope. We find that the [SI] 25.23 pm line is the strongest emission line for a wide range of disk and stellar parameters, followed by emission from [SiII] 34.8 mu m and [FeII] 26 mu m. [FeI] 24 mu m is strong when gas masses are high (greater than or similar to 0.1 M-J). Emission from the rotational lines of H-2 is more difficult to detect, unless disk gas masses are substantial (greater than or similar to 0.1 M-J). The models presented here will be useful in future infrared studies of the timescale for the dispersion of gas in a planet-forming disk, and testing core accretion models of giant planet formation. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hollenbach, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO INSTITUTO ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-2059 BN 970-32-1160-7 J9 REV MEX AST ASTR PY 2004 VL 22 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBT38 UT WOS:000227687700007 ER PT S AU Yorke, HW AF Yorke, HW BE GarciaSegura, G TenorioTagle, G Yorke, JFH TI Protostellar disks under the influence of winds and UV radiation SO GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE: FROM MASSIVE STARS TO PLANETS SE REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA, SERIE DE CONFERENCIAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gravitational Collapse - From Massive Stars to Planets CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Ensenada, MEXICO DE HII regions; stars : formation AB Star formation and the creation of protostellar disks generally occur in a crowded environment. Nearby young stars and protostars can influence the disks of their closest neighbors by a combination of outflows and hard radiation. The central stars themselves can have a stellar wind and may produce sufficient UV and X-ray to ultimately destroy their surrounding disks. Here we describe the results of numerical simulations of the influence that an external UV source and a central star's wind can have on its circumstellar disk. The numerical method (axial symmetry assumed) is described elsewhere. We find that protostellar disks will be destroyed on a relatively short time scale (similar to 10(5) yr) unless they are well shielded from O-stars. Initially isotropic T-Tauri winds do not significantly influence their disks, but instead are focused toward the rotation axis by the disk wind from photoevaporation. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Yorke, HW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO INSTITUTO ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-2059 BN 970-32-1160-7 J9 REV MEX AST ASTR PY 2004 VL 22 BP 42 EP 45 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBT38 UT WOS:000227687700009 ER PT S AU Turner, NJ Yorke, HW Socrates, A Blaes, OM AF Turner, NJ Yorke, HW Socrates, A Blaes, OM BE GarciaSegura, G TenorioTagle, G Yorke, JFH TI Photon bubbles in young massive stars SO GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE: FROM MASSIVE STARS TO PLANETS SE REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA, SERIE DE CONFERENCIAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gravitational Collapse - From Massive Stars to Planets CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Ensenada, MEXICO DE stars : early-type; stars : formation ID RADIATION MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; FLUX-LIMITED DIFFUSION; O-TYPE STARS; ASTROPHYSICAL FLOWS; HYDRODYNAMIC ALGORITHMS; ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES; ZEUS-2D; ATMOSPHERES; TESTS AB Spectroscopic studies indicate that gas in the photospheres of young O stars moves at speeds up to the sound speed. We show, using two-dimensional radiation MHD calculations and results from a local linear analysis, that the motions may be due to photon bubble instability if young O stars have magnetic fields. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Turner, NJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO INSTITUTO ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-2059 BN 970-32-1160-7 J9 REV MEX AST ASTR PY 2004 VL 22 BP 54 EP 57 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBT38 UT WOS:000227687700012 ER PT S AU Hubickyj, O Bodenheimer, P Lissauer, JJ AF Hubickyj, O Bodenheimer, P Lissauer, JJ BE GarciaSegura, G TenorioTagle, G Yorke, JFH TI Evolution of gas giant planets using the core accretion model SO GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE: FROM MASSIVE STARS TO PLANETS SE REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA, SERIE DE CONFERENCIAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gravitational Collapse - From Massive Stars to Planets CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Ensenada, MEXICO DE planets and satellites : formation; stars : planetary systems : formation ID SOLAR NEBULA; JUPITER; OPACITY; INSTABILITY; GRAINS; SATURN; STARS AB Gas giant planets are generally believed to form by a two step process. A solid core grows via the accretion of planetesimals and then captures a massive envelope from the solar nebula gas. Simulations based on this model (Pollack et al. 1996) have been successful in explaining many features of giant planets. Recent interior models of Jupiter and Saturn suggest smaller core masses than had been previously predicted. New evolutionary simulations of Jupiter were computed using various values of the grain opacity and the planetesimal surface density (Hubickyj et al. 2004). The implications of halting the accretion solid planetesimals at selected core mass values during the protoplanet's growth, thus simulating the presence of a competing embryo, have been explored. Results demonstrate that decreasing the grain opacity reduces the evolution time by more than a factor 2. In fact, it is the reduction of the grain opacity in the upper portion of the envelope with temperature T < 500 K that has the largest effect on decreasing the formation time. Decreasing the surface density of the planetesimals lowers the final core mass of the protoplanet, but increases the formation timescale. A core mass cutoff results in the reduction of the time needed for a protoplanet to evolve to the stage of runaway gas accretion, provided the cutoff mass is not too small. C1 UCSC, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hubickyj, O (reprint author), UCSC, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO INSTITUTO ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-2059 BN 970-32-1160-7 J9 REV MEX AST ASTR PY 2004 VL 22 BP 83 EP 86 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBT38 UT WOS:000227687700018 ER PT S AU Lissauer, JJ Quintana, EV Chambers, JE Duncan, MJ Adams, FC AF Lissauer, JJ Quintana, EV Chambers, JE Duncan, MJ Adams, FC BE GarciaSegura, G TenorioTagle, G Yorke, JFH TI Terrestrial planet formation in binary star systems SO GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE: FROM MASSIVE STARS TO PLANETS SE REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA, SERIE DE CONFERENCIAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gravitational Collapse - From Massive Stars to Planets CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Ensenada, MEXICO DE accretion, accretion disks; planet and satellites : formation; stars : binaries : general AB Most stars reside in binary/multiple star systems; however, virtually all previous models of planetary growth have assumed an isolated single star. Numerical simulations of the collapse of molecular cloud cores to form binary stars suggest that disks will form within binary star systems. Observations indirectly suggest the presence of disk material around one or both components within young binary star systems. If planets form at the right places within such disks, they can remain in stable orbits for very long times. We are simulating the late stages of growth of terrestrial planets within binary star systems, using two new symplectic integrators that we have developed for this purpose. We show that the late stages of terrestrial planet formation can indeed take place in a wide variety of binary systems, and we have begun to delineate the range of parameter space for which this statement is true. This paper presents results of our initial simulations of planetary growth around each star in the alpha Centauri AB system and in other 'wide' binary systems, as well as around both stars in close binary systems. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lissauer, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO INSTITUTO ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-2059 BN 970-32-1160-7 J9 REV MEX AST ASTR PY 2004 VL 22 BP 99 EP 103 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBT38 UT WOS:000227687700022 ER PT S AU Casey, SC Savage, M Becklin, EE AF Casey, SC Savage, M Becklin, EE BE Moorwood, AFM Iye, M TI The SOFIA Science Instrument Program: Lessons learned SO GROUND-BASED INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE SOFIA; far-infrared; detectors; instruments; lessons learned AB We present an overview of the science instrument program for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). Funded for an initial suite of facility and PI instruments, the SOFIA instrument development program includes imagers and spectrometers from both U.S. and German development teams. With an emphasis on lessons learned, we review the development of the facility instrument suite. We conclude with the anticipated role for SOFIA as a new technology test bed for the latest far-infrared detectors. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Casey, SC (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, MS 144-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5424-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5492 BP 1053 EP 1063 DI 10.1117/12.552350 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBC20 UT WOS:000224718600103 ER PT S AU Ohl, RG Connelly, JA Boyle, RF Derro, RJ Fitzgerald, DL Greenhouse, MA Madison, TJ Mentzell, JE Nord, B Sparr, LM Hylan, JE Ray, K MacKenty, JW AF Ohl, RG Connelly, JA Boyle, RF Derro, RJ Fitzgerald, DL Greenhouse, MA Madison, TJ Mentzell, JE Nord, B Sparr, LM Hylan, JE Ray, K MacKenty, JW BE Moorwood, AFM Iye, M TI Integration, testing and performance of the Infrared Multi-Object Spectrometer SO GROUND-BASED INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE IRMOS; optical testing; integration; cryogenic; imaging; spectrometer; scattered light ID NEAR-IR ASTRONOMY; ASPHERIC MIRRORS; DESIGN; FABRICATION AB The Infrared Muiti-Object Spectrometer (IRMOS) is a principle investigator-class instrument for the Kitt Peak National Observatory 2.1 m and Mayall 3.8 m telescopes. IRMOS is a near-IR (0.8--2.5 micron) spectrometer with low- to mid-resolving power (R = lambda/Deltalambda) = 300-3000). On the 3.8 m telescope, IRMOS produces simultaneous spectra of similar to100 objects in its 2.8 x 2.0 arcmin field of view using a commercial micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) digital micro-mirror device (DMD) from Texas Instruments. The multi-mirror array DMD operates as a real-time programmable slit mask. The all-reflective optical design consists of two imaging subsystems. The focal reducer images the focal plane of the telescope onto the DMD field stop, and the spectrograph images the DMD onto a large-format detector. The instrument operates at similar to90 K, cooled by a single electro-mechanical cryocooler. The bench and all components are made from alununum 6061. There are three cryogenic mechanisms. We describe laboratory integration and test of IRMOS before shipment to Kitt Peak National Observatory. We give an overview of the optical alignment technique and integration of optical, mechanical, electrical and cryogenic subsystems. We compare optical test results to model predictions of point spread function size. We discuss some lessons learned and conclude with a prediction for performance on the telescope. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ohl, RG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5424-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5492 BP 1114 EP 1122 DI 10.1117/12.551494 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBC20 UT WOS:000224718600109 ER PT S AU Kutyrev, AS Bennett, CL Moseley, SH Rapchun, D Stewart, K AF Kutyrev, AS Bennett, CL Moseley, SH Rapchun, D Stewart, K BE Moorwood, AFM Iye, M TI Near infrared cryogenic tunable solid Fabry-Perot spectrometer SO GROUND-BASED INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE infrared spectroscopy; Fabry-Perot etalons; tunable filters; cryogenic instruments AB We have developed a high resolution near-infrared temperature tunable cryogenic spectrometer with solid Fabry-Perot etalons. It is designed and built for diffuse emission of ionized hydrogen Brgamma studies, although with the appropriate pre-filter it can be configured for any near infrared lines. The etalons made from silicon and germanium operate near 77K. The high refractive index of these etalons allows for the construction of a very compact spectrometer. Germanium etalon with 20mm clear aperture is equivalent to a gas spaced Fabry-Perot interferometer of about 80 mm in diameter. A strong temperature dependence of the refractive index for these two materials makes it easy to tune etalons. Combination of these factors allowed to build a compact, high resolution (R=12000) high throughput instrument. C1 NASA, SSAI, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kutyrev, AS (reprint author), NASA, SSAI, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5424-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5492 BP 1172 EP 1178 DI 10.1117/12.551911 PN 1-3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBC20 UT WOS:000224718600115 ER PT S AU Chuss, DT Benford, DJ Walker, C Moseley, SH Novak, G Staguhn, JG Wollack, EJ AF Chuss, DT Benford, DJ Walker, C Moseley, SH Novak, G Staguhn, JG Wollack, EJ BE Moorwood, AFM Iye, M TI A 350 micron array polarimeter using translational modulators SO GROUND-BASED INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE submillimeter polarimetery; astronomical instrumentation ID FAR-INFRARED POLARIMETRY; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; STAR-FORMATION; POLARIZATION; TELESCOPE; HERTZ AB We describe a polarimeter that will be a testbed for a novel polarization modulator. This modulator is composed of two modified Martin-Puplett interferometers in which the input polarization state is transformed by adjusting the phase delays between linear orthogonal polarizations in each of the two stages. This type of modulator represents a potential improvement over existing technology in the following three ways. First, these modulators can fully characterize the polarization state by measuring Stokes Q, U, and V. The characterization of V is especially useful as a diagnostic for systematic errors. Second, the Martin-Puplett modulators can be easily retuned to observe at multiple frequencies. Finally, the small translations required for modulation can be accomplished with fewer moving parts than the rotational motions in wave plate modulators, thus potentially leading to modulators with longer lifetimes than those currently employed in polarimeters. The next generation of polarimeters, designed for both the study of Galactic magnetic fields in the far-infrared and submillimeter and the measurement of the polarized component of the Cosmic Microwave Background, will need to incorporate modulators with these attributes. This prototype polarimeter will be a modified version of the Hertz polarimeter that had until recently been operating on the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. After modification, Hertz will be moved to the Heinrich Hertz Telescope in Arizona. We will utilize dynamic scheduling to efficiently observe during the best fraction of weather at this site. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chuss, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 685, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Chuss, David/D-8281-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5424-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5492 BP 1450 EP 1460 DI 10.1117/12.551382 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBC20 UT WOS:000224718600144 ER PT S AU Chuss, DT Moseley, SH Novak, G Wollack, EJ AF Chuss, DT Moseley, SH Novak, G Wollack, EJ BE Moorwood, AFM Iye, M TI A Martin-Puplett architecture for polarization modulation and calibration SO GROUND-BASED INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE polarization; instrumentation; modulation; calibration AB We introduce an architecture for changing the polarization state of far-infrared through submillimeter radiation that employs two Martin-Puplett interferometers. One interferometer is oriented with its beam-splitting grid at an angle of 22.5degrees with respect to the Stokes Q axis. The second is oriented with its beam-splitting grid at an angle of 45degrees. By modulating one of the arms of each interferometer, it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the polarization state that a polarization-sensitive detector measures when placed at the output of the device. Because of this flexibility, one application of this device is as a calibrator for a polarimeter. In addition, it is conceivable to use such a device as a modulator for a far-infrared/submillimeter polarimeter. As such, this system has several advantages over a half-wave plate. First, the capability to measure circular polarization will provide the instrument with a novel method for checking systematic errors, as the circular polarization of most astronomical continuum sources is expected to be near zero. Second, such a device is easily adapted to work at different wavelengths, thus facilitating the construction of far-infrared and submillimeter polarimeters with multiple passbands. Finally, the small linear throws necessary for modulation eliminate the need for complicated systems of gears and low temperature bearings that are common in wave plate systems and often prone to failure. We present a Jones matrix analysis of this modulator architecture and compare the performance of this device with that of a half-wave plate. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chuss, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 685, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Chuss, David/D-8281-2012; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5424-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5492 BP 1487 EP 1497 DI 10.1117/12.552103 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBC20 UT WOS:000224718600148 ER PT S AU Savage, ML Limmongkol, S Bacher, RE Brown, TM Koerber, CT Smith, E Waddell, P AF Savage, ML Limmongkol, S Bacher, RE Brown, TM Koerber, CT Smith, E Waddell, P BE Moorwood, AFM Iye, M TI Helium cryostat vent sizing for SOFIA science instruments SO GROUND-BASED INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE SOFIA; cryostat; heat load; superinsulation; vacuum loss AB In the event of a cryostat vacuum failure, the subsequent liquid helium boil off can produce a significant pressure rise in the helium reservoir potentially causing damage to the cryostat. To preclude cryostat damage during such a failure, an analysis has been developed to predict the maximum internal pressure for the corresponding vent neck size and helium reservoir surface area at failure condition. To demonstrate that the analysis predicts correct pressure values, a series of experiments have been carried out at NASA Ames Research Center to measure the pressure profile during an induced failure. The maximum measured helium reservoir pressure is then used in the analysis to derive the heat load. The experiments have been conducted using a cylindrical helium and nitrogen cryostat with a variable size constriction insert in the helium neck to enable measuring the pressure rise across a range of effective neck areas. The experimentally derived heat flux on the uninsulated helium reservoir during an induced vacuum failure is 3.1 +/- 0.2 W/cm. Some preliminary test results are presented describing the effects of superinsulation, but this aspect of cryostat design is not extensively explored, as the design and materials selected may have highly variable results. C1 USRA, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Savage, ML (reprint author), USRA, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 144-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5424-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5492 BP 1689 EP 1698 DI 10.1117/12.552622 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBC20 UT WOS:000224718600168 ER PT S AU Erickson, EF Honaker, M Brivkalns, CA Brown, TM Kunz, N Preuss, W Haas, MR AF Erickson, EF Honaker, M Brivkalns, CA Brown, TM Kunz, N Preuss, W Haas, MR BE Oschmann, JM TI Backup secondary mirror and mechanism for SOFIA SO GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based Telescopes CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE SOFIA; infrared; telescope; secondary mirror; aluminum ID TELESCOPE AB The SOFIA telescope has a silicon carbide secondary mirror and a six degree-of-freedom secondary mirror mechanism. Each of these high-technology items represents a single-point failure mode, because both are essential for operation of the observatory, and neither has a spare. Reduced-performance, relatively inexpensive "backup" hardware can enable a large fraction of the planned SOFIA science observations, and so can help to assure a highly reliable flight program. Accordingly, we have developed an aluminum secondary mirror and derived design requirements for a backup secondary mirror mechanism that will meet minimum performance needs. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Erickson, EF (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5421-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5489 BP 1012 EP 1020 DI 10.1117/12.555478 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBB37 UT WOS:000224524300098 ER PT S AU Shi, F Ohare, CM Chanan, G Troy, M Redding, DC AF Shi, F Ohare, CM Chanan, G Troy, M Redding, DC BE Oschmann, JM TI Experimental verification of dispersed fringe sensing as a segment phasing technique using the Keck Telescope SO GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based Telescopes CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE segmented mirrors; wavefront sensing; dispersed fringe sensor; alignment ID MIRROR SEGMENTS; ALGORITHM AB Dispersed Fringe Sensing (DFS) is an efficient and robust method for coarse phasing of segmented primary mirrors (from a quarter of a wavelength up to the depth of focus of a single segment, typically several tens of microns). Unlike phasing techniques currently used for ground-based segmented telescopes, DFS does not require the use of edge sensors to sense changes in the relative heights of adjacent segments; this makes it particularly well-suited to the phasing of space-borne segmented telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). In this work we validate DFS by using it to measure the pistons of the segments of one of the Keck telescopes; the results agree with those of the Shack-Hartmann based phasing scheme currently in use at Keck to within 2% over a range of initial piston errors of +/- 16 mum. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Shi, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5421-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5489 BP 1061 EP 1073 DI 10.1117/12.552407 PN 1-2 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBB37 UT WOS:000224524300103 ER PT S AU Wright, H Braun, R AF Wright, H Braun, R BE Chapel, JD Culp, RD TI A comparison of Mars airplane guidance and navigation strategies SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2004 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 04-08, 2004 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Rocky Mt Sect AB Flight of an airplane on another planet brings with it a new perspective beyond what is traditionally considered in airplane design. An integrated assessment and comparative analysis using linear-covariance techniques has been used to assess Mars airplane navigation and guidance capabilities. Use of a robust guidance and navigation strategy, founded in heritage sensors and Kalman filtering techniques, is shown to meet science mission needs. Future trends of science missions and their impact on the guidance and navigation needs of aerial vehicles on other planets is described. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Wright, H (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-511-3 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2004 VL 118 BP 157 EP 169 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BBD59 UT WOS:000225038900010 ER PT S AU Motter, MA Logan, MJ AF Motter, MA Logan, MJ BE Chapel, JD Culp, RD TI Autonomous flight tests of a small unmanned aerial vehicle SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2004 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 04-08, 2004 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Rocky Mt Sect AB A small, unmanned, autonomous aerial vehicle has been developed as a result of a collaboration between the Aviation Applied Technology Directorate at Fort Eustis, Virginia, and both the Dynamics and Control Branch and the Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Lab at NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The vehicle is a surplus target drone, modified and equipped with a commercial off-the-shelf autopilot. It is intended to be a test and development platform for both flight control experiments and mission capability for vehicles for this class. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Dynam & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Motter, MA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Dynam & Control Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-511-3 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2004 VL 118 BP 171 EP 182 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BBD59 UT WOS:000225038900011 ER PT S AU Thienel, J Sanner, RM AF Thienel, J Sanner, RM BE Chapel, JD Culp, RD TI Nonlinear observers for gyro calibration coupled with a nonlinear control algorithm SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2004 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 04-08, 2004 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Rocky Mt Sect ID ATTITUDE AB Nonlinear observers for gyro calibration are presented. The first observer estimates a constant gyro bias. The second observer estimates scale factor errors. The third observer estimates the gyro alignment for three orthogonal gyros. The observers are then combined. The convergence properties of all three observers, and the combined observers, are discussed. Additionally, all three observers are coupled with a nonlinear control algorithm. The stability of each of the resulting closed loop systems is analyzed. Simulated test results are presented for each system. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Thienel, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-511-3 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2004 VL 118 BP 197 EP 216 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BBD59 UT WOS:000225038900013 ER PT S AU Hughes, SP AF Hughes, SP BE Chapel, JD Culp, RD TI Orbit design for phase I and II of the magnetospheric multiscale mission SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2004 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 04-08, 2004 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Rocky Mt Sect AB The Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) is a NASA mission intended to make fundamental advancements in our understanding of the Earth's magnetosphere. There are three processes that MMS is intended to study including magnetic reconnection, charged particle acceleration, and turbulence. There are four phases of the MMS mission and each phase is designed to study a particular region of the Earth's magnetosphere. The mission is composed of a formation of four spacecraft that are nominally in a regular tetrahedron formation. In this work, we present optimal orbit designs for Phase I and II. This entails designing reference orbits such that the spacecraft dwell-time in the region of interest is a maximum. This is non-trivial because the Earth's magnetosphere is dynamic and its shape and position are not constant in inertial space. Optimal orbit design for MMS also entails designing the formation so that the relative motion of the four spacecraft yields the greatest science return. We develop performance metrics that are directly related to the science return, and use Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) to determine optimal relative motion solutions. While designing for optimal science return, we also consider practical constraints such as maximum eclipse time and minimum inter-spacecraft separation distances. Data are presented that illustrates how long we can ensure that the formation remains in the relevant region of the Earth's magnetosphere. We also draw general conclusions about where in the orbit acceptable tetrahedron congurations can be provided and for how long. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hughes, SP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Flight Dynam Anal Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-511-3 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2004 VL 118 BP 255 EP 274 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BBD59 UT WOS:000225038900016 ER PT S AU Thurman, SW AF Thurman, SW BE Chapel, JD Culp, RD TI Surveyor spacecraft automatic landing system SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2004 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 04-08, 2004 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Rocky Mt Sect AB The Surveyor Project accomplished five successful lunar landings between 1966 and 1968, following an intensive five-year development effort. One of the many significant accomplishments made by Surveyor was the development and validation of the first-ever automated soft-landing system. This paper provides a historical overview of Surveyor, with emphasis on the guidance and control aspects of the spacecraft's terminal descent system. Driving requirements and other important design considerations are described, along with the configuration and operational sequence of the actual flight system. C1 NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Avion Syst Engn Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Thurman, SW (reprint author), NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Avion Syst Engn Sect, M-S 156-142,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-511-3 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2004 VL 118 BP 427 EP 437 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BBD59 UT WOS:000225038900026 ER PT S AU Condon, GL Wilson, SW AF Condon, GL Wilson, SW BE Chapel, JD Culp, RD TI Lunar orbit vs. libration point and lunar surface rendezvous methodologies for human lunar missions SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2004 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 04-08, 2004 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Rocky Mt Sect AB For some four decades, the Apollo-style lunar orbit rendezvous mission has been a proven and well-known technique for transferring human crews to the Moon. This approach provides a good design for short missions, but has limited flexibility with respect to landing site access. This study compares the characteristics of lunar orbit rendezvous trajectory profiles with those employing the cislunar Earth-Moon libration point (L-1) as a stopover and staging point for missions to the lunar surface, as well as a type that involves rendezvous on that surface itself In particular, it contrasts the relative consistency of performance cost for the latter types with the varying costs associated with lunar orbit rendezvous profiles subjected to similar mission constraints and requirements. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Condon, GL (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, EG5, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-511-3 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2004 VL 118 BP 495 EP 514 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BBD59 UT WOS:000225038900030 ER PT S AU Bayard, DS AF Bayard, DS BE Chapel, JD Culp, RD TI Advances in precision pointing control for NASA'S Spitzer Space Telescope SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2004 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 04-08, 2004 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Rocky Mt Sect ID OPTICAL-PERFORMANCE TEST; SIRTF AB This paper discusses the pointing control system for NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope (SST). The SST was launched in August 2003, and was commissioned in December 2003. The Spitzer represents the last spacecraft in NASA's Great Observatory series. In general, space telescopes present a major challenge for precision pointing control. The SST pointing control system achieves arcsecond-level pointing accuracy and sub-arcsecond pointing jitter while supporting a broad range of payload instrument requirements and science observing modes. The SST carries three science payload instruments: the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC), the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) and the Multi-band Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). Each science instrument brings its own unique set of constraints and challenges for the pointing control system design. After an introduction to the SST mission, telescope and science instruments, an overview is given of the SST pointing control system. Discussion is focused on the pointing control hardware, architecture, pointing requirements/capability, attitude con straints/commanding, attitude observers, and required calibrations. Advances and novel aspects of the pointing system design are emphasized. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bayard, DS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-511-3 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2004 VL 118 BP 527 EP 545 PG 19 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BBD59 UT WOS:000225038900032 ER PT B AU Rind, D Perlwitz, J AF Rind, D Perlwitz, J BE Diaz, HF Bradley, RS TI The response of the Hadley circulation to climate changes, past and future SO Hadley Circulation: Present, Past and Future SE ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Hadley Circulation - Present, Past and Future CY NOV 12-15, 2002 CL Honolulu, HI ID DOUBLED CO2 CLIMATE; MEAN FLOW INTERACTIONS; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; STEADY-STATE MODELS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; BASIC STATE; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; INSTABILITY AB A suite of altered climate experiments for the Paleocene, the last glacial maximum (LGM), and a 2 X CO2 climate were compared to assess the factors responsible for producing variations in Hadley cell intensity and extent. The climate simulations used best-guess topography and marine surface fields, as well as feasible alternative sea surface temperature (SST) patterns. The individual contributions to the circulations were quantified, and compared among the different simulations. The results show that the Hadley cell intensity is associated with the gradient in latent heat release from the tropics to the subtropics, driven in the model by the gradient in sea surface temperature. It is not related to the absolute warmth of the climate, or of the tropical sea surface temperatures. Eddy forcing, primarily through transient eddy heat transport, amplified the subtropical portion of the cell, as well as the mid-latitude Ferrel cell. The poleward extent of the Hadley cell is affected by numerous processes, including the influence of topography in the extratropics. It also does not vary systematically with global mean temperature. Only the strongest Hadley cell changes are longitudinally homogeneous; there is little relationship between the change in Hadley cell intensity and the change in strength of the Walker cell, and the Pacific Ocean is the most important basin for the zonal average Hadley cell response. Although the latitudinal average precipitation does respond interactively with Hadley cell intensity and extent, the soil moisture variations are less correlated, due to differing seasonal effects and the influence of temperature/evaporation changes. The importance of the Hadley cell variations for assessing past and future water availability changes should not be overestimated, although it is a contributing factor. C1 Columbia Univ, NASA GISS, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Rind, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA GISS, New York, NY 10025 USA. RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2943-8 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES PY 2004 VL 21 BP 399 EP 435 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBY34 UT WOS:000228320400015 ER PT S AU Morphew, ME Shively, JR Casey, D AF Morphew, ME Shively, JR Casey, D BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Helmet mounted displays for unmanned aerial vehicle control SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID DELAY AB An experiment was performed to assess the effect of using a Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) versus a conventional computer monitor and joystick to perform an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) sensor operator target search task. Eight subjects were evaluated on objective performance measures including their target detection accuracy and responses, in addition to subjective measures including workload, fatigue, situational awareness, and simulator sickness in both experimental conditions. Subjects were flown through a virtual world and asked to identify objects as targets, non-targets, or distractors. Results for objective measures indicated no difference in the operators' ability to accurately classify targets and non-targets. The subjects' ability to place the cursor on a target of interest (targeting accuracy), was, however, significantly better in the computer monitor condition than the HMD. The distance at which subjects could classify an object's identity was also significantly better in the computer monitor condition. Subjective measures showed no overall differences for self-reported fatigue, workload, and situational awareness. A significant disadvantage, however, was found for the HMD with respect to self-reported nausea, disorientation, and oculomotor strain. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the incorporation of HMDs into UAV ground control station operations. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Res, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Dev Engn Ctr,Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Morphew, ME (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Dev Engn Ctr,Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.541031 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900010 ER PT S AU Arthur, JJ Williams, SP Prinzel, LJ Kramer, LJ Bailey, RE AF Arthur, JJ Williams, SP Prinzel, LJ Kramer, LJ Bailey, RE BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Flight simulator evaluation of display media devices for synthetic vision concepts SO HELMET AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IX: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays IX CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic vision; helmet-mounted display; aviation safety; situation awareness; enhanced vision AB The Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) Project of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Aviation Safety Program (AvSP) is striving to eliminate poor visibility as a causal factor in aircraft accidents as well as enhance operational capabilities of all aircraft. To accomplish these safety and capacity improvements, the SVS concept is designed to provide a clear view of the world around the aircraft through the display of computer-generated imagery derived from an onboard database of terrain, obstacle, and airport information. Display media devices with which to implement SVS technology that have been evaluated so far within the Project include fixed field of view head up displays and head down Primary Hight Displays with pilot-selectable field of view. A simulation experiment was conducted comparing these display devices to a fixed field of view, unlimited field of regard, full color Helmet-Mounted Display system. Subject pilots flew a visual circling maneuver in IMC at a terrain-challenged airport. The data collected for this experiment is compared to past SVS research studies. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Arthur, JJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 24 Taylor St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5365-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5442 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1117/12.541387 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBA18 UT WOS:000224378900022 ER PT S AU Iyomoto, N Sadleir, JE Figueroa-Feliciano, E Saab, T Bandler, S Kilbourne, C Chervenak, J Talley, D Finkbeiner, F Brekosky, R Lindeman, M Kelley, R Porter, FS Boyce, K AF Iyomoto, N Sadleir, JE Figueroa-Feliciano, E Saab, T Bandler, S Kilbourne, C Chervenak, J Talley, D Finkbeiner, F Brekosky, R Lindeman, M Kelley, R Porter, FS Boyce, K BE Holland, AD TI Optimization of X-ray absorbers for TES microcalorimeters SO HIGH-ENERGY DETECTORS IN ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy CY JUN 22-23, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE TES; microcalorimeter; X-ray; bismuth; thermalization ID FILMS AB We have investigated the thermal, electrical, and structural properties of Bi and BiCu films that are being developed as X-ray absorbers for transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter arrays for imaging X-ray spectroscopy. Bi could be an ideal material for an X-ray absorber due to its high X-ray stopping power and low specific heat capacity, but it has a low thermal conductivity, which can result in position dependence of the pulses in the absorber. In order to improve the thermal conductivity, we added Cu layers in between the Bi layers. We measured electrical and thermal conductivities of the films around 0.1 K, the operating temperature of the TES calorimeter, to examine the films and to determine the optimal thickness of the Cu layer. From the electrical conductivity measurements, we found that the Cu is more resistive on the Bi than on a Si substrate. Together with an SEM picture of the Bi surface, we concluded that the rough surface of the Bi film makes the Cu layer resistive when the Cu layer is not thick enough to fill in the roughness. From the thermal conductivity measurements, we determined the thermal diffusion constant to be 2 x 10(3) mum(2) mus(-1) in a film that consists of 2.25 mum of Bi and 0.1 mum of Cu. We measured the position dependence in the film and found that its thermal diffusion constant is too low to get good energy resolution, because of the resistive Cu layer and/or possibly a very high heat capacity of our Bi films. We show plans to improve the thermal diffusion constant in our BiCu absorbers. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Iyomoto, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5433-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5501 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.552063 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBB66 UT WOS:000224580800014 ER PT S AU Sadleir, JE Figueroa-Feliciano, E Saab, T Iyomoto, N Lindeman, MA Bandler, SR Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Kelley, RL Finkbeiner, FM Chervenak, JA AF Sadleir, JE Figueroa-Feliciano, E Saab, T Iyomoto, N Lindeman, MA Bandler, SR Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Kelley, RL Finkbeiner, FM Chervenak, JA BE Holland, AD TI Position-sensitive micro calorimeters SO HIGH-ENERGY DETECTORS IN ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy CY JUN 22-23, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Position-Sensitive; Transition-Edge Sensor; imaging calorimeter; microcalorimeter; impedance curve AB We present our latest results from our development of Position-Sensitive Transition-Edge Sensors (PoSTs). Our devices work as one-dimensional imaging spectrometers. They consist of a long absorber (segmented or solid) with a transition-edge sensor (TES) on each end. When X-rays hit the absorber, the comparison of the signals sensed in the two TESs determine the position of the TES, while the addition of the signals gives the energy of the X-ray. We obtained impedance curves for three different devices and obtained reasonable fits with our theoretical PoST model. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sadleir, JE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5433-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5501 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1117/12.552311 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBB66 UT WOS:000224580800015 ER PT S AU Saab, T Fujimoto, R Kilbourne, CA Kelley, RL AF Saab, T Fujimoto, R Kilbourne, CA Kelley, RL BE Holland, AD TI GEANT modeling of the low earth orbit cosmic ray background for the Astro-E2 XRS Instrument SO HIGH-ENERGY DETECTORS IN ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy CY JUN 22-23, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Astro-E2; XRS; cosmic ray background; GEANT ID MICROCALORIMETER ARRAY AB Over the last year a GEANT model of the Astro-E2 XRS instrument (including the surrounding structure of the telescope) has been developed in order to determine the rate and energy spectrum of background events due to cosmic ray protons. Background events, in the x-ray signal energy band, can be caused by the primary protons themselves, secondaries which are created in the material surrounding the XRS, or by decays of nearby activated materials. This paper will present the details of the GEANT model and will discuss the effectiveness of the telescope structure in shielding the XRS instrument and efficiency of the anti-coincidence detector at further reducing the background rate. We will also present an investigation of the rate and spectrum of cosmic ray particles passing through the Si frame, which acts as a mechanical support and thermal sink to the x-ray pixels, in order to determine whether sufficient heating will occur in the Si frame to affect the response of the x-ray pixels. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Saab, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5433-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5501 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1117/12.551945 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBB66 UT WOS:000224580800032 ER PT S AU Gubarev, M Ramsey, B Apple, J AF Gubarev, M Ramsey, B Apple, J BE Holland, AD TI Performance of a gas scintillation proportional counter array for a High-Energy X-ray Observatory SO HIGH-ENERGY DETECTORS IN ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy CY JUN 22-23, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE X-ray astronomy instrumentation; X-ray detectors; proportional counters ID BOARD AB A focal plane array of high-pressure gas scintillation proportional counters (GSPC) for a High Energy X-Ray Observatory (HERO) has been developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center. The array consists of eight GSPCs and is a part of balloon-born payload scheduled to fly in May 2004. These detectors have an active area of similar to 20 cm(2) each, and are filled with a high pressure (10(6) Pa) xenon-helium mixture. Imaging is via crossed-grid position-sensitive phototubes sensitive in the UV region. The performance of the GSPC is well matched to that of the telescope's x-ray optics which have response to 75 keV and a focal spot size of similar to 0.5 mm. The detector's energy resolution, 5.0% FWHM at 60 keV, is adequate for resolving the broad spectral lines of astrophysical importance and for accurate continuum measurements. Results of the ground detector array testing are presented. C1 NASA, MSFC, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Gubarev, M (reprint author), NASA, MSFC, Univ Space Res Assoc, SD 70, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5433-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5501 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1117/12.552122 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBB66 UT WOS:000224580800034 ER PT S AU Bandler, S AF Bandler, S BE Holland, AD TI Development of magnetic microcalorimeters for X-ray astronomy SO HIGH-ENERGY DETECTORS IN ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy CY JUN 22-23, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE microcalorimeters; magnetic; X-ray ID CALORIMETERS; SPECTROSCOPY AB X-ray microcalorimeters using metallic magnetic sensors show great promise for use in astronomical x-ray spectroscopy. In the last year, magnetic microcalorimeters demonstrated their potential in high resolution spectroscopy when an energy resolution of 3.4 eV (FWHM) was achieved for 6 keV X-rays in single pixels with a 5 micron thick, 160 micron square gold absorber attached to a magnetic sensor. We have recently formed a collaboration to develop arrays of magnetic microcalorimeters suitable for future X-ray astronomy missions. This collaboration includes scientists from the University of Heidelberg, Brown University, NIST, SAO, PTB-Berlin, IPHT Jena and GSFC. We are developing array construction techniques for building arrays of magnetic calorimeters with mushroom absorbers. We are studying different alternatives for the circuit that couples the signal from the detector to the SQUID amplifier. We are developing magnetic calorimeter multiplexing capabilities using time division multiplexing similar to that used for transition edge sensors. On behalf of the collaboration, in this paper I will review the measured performance of magnetic microcalorimeters achieved so far and then focus on the present status of our array technology development. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bandler, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5433-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5501 BP 346 EP 356 DI 10.1117/12.52231 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBB66 UT WOS:000224580800035 ER PT S AU Sturner, SJ Keohane, JW Reimer, O AF Sturner, SJ Keohane, JW Reimer, O TI Observation of non-thermal emission from the supernova remnant IC 443 with RXTE SO HIGH-ENERGY STUDIES OF SUPERNOVA REMNANTS AND NEUTRON STARS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Energy Studies of Supernova Remnants and Neutron Stars CY OCT, 2002 CL Houston, TX SP COSPAR Sci Commiss E, SRON DE supernova remanant; IC 443; X-ray spectra; non-thermal emission ID X-RAY-EMISSION; SHOCK ACCELERATION; EGRET SOURCES; IC443; ELECTRONS; EVOLUTION; NEBULA; RADIO AB In this paper we present analysis of X-ray spectra from the supernova remnant IC 443 obtained using the PCA on RXTE. The spectra in the 3-20 keV band are well fit by a two-component model consisting of thermal and non-thermal components. We compare these results with recent results of other X-ray missions and discuss the need for a cut-off in the non-thermal spectrum. Recent Chandra and XMM-Netvton observations suggest that much of the non-thermal emission from IC 443 can be attributed to a pulsar wind nebula. We present the results of our search for periodic emission in the RXTE PCA data. We then discuss the origin of the non-thermal component and its possible association with the unidentified EGRET source. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. N Carolina Sch Sci & Math, Durham, NC 27715 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-4630 Bochum, Germany. RP Sturner, SJ (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 7501 Forbes Blvd,Suite 206, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. EM stumer@swati.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013 OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 429 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.027 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAD21 UT WOS:000221641800012 ER PT S AU Allen, GE Houck, JC Sturner, SJ AF Allen, GE Houck, JC Sturner, SJ TI Fits to X-ray, radio, and TeV data for the eastern rim of SN 1006 SO HIGH-ENERGY STUDIES OF SUPERNOVA REMNANTS AND NEUTRON STARS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Energy Studies of Supernova Remnants and Neutron Stars CY OCT, 2002 CL Houston, TX SP COSPAR Sci Commiss E, SRON DE supernova remnants; SN 1006; X-ray data; synchrotron radiation; inverse compton emission; cosmic rays ID HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRONS; SNR RX J1713.7-3946; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; SHOCK ACCELERATION; SHELL; CASSIOPEIA; DISCOVERY; RADIATION; MODELS AB We performed a joint fit to radio, recent Chandra X-ray, and gamma-ray data for the supernova remnant SN 1006 using models of synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission. The results are used to determine the magnetic field strength and the properties of the electron spectrum for the eastern rim of the remnant. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Space Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Allen, GE (reprint author), MIT, Space Res Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave,NE 80, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gea@space.mit.edu OI Houck, John/0000-0002-6761-6796 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 440 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.07.027 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAD21 UT WOS:000221641800014 ER PT S AU Weisskopf, MC AF Weisskopf, MC TI Chandra observations of supernova remnants and neutron stars - an overview SO HIGH-ENERGY STUDIES OF SUPERNOVA REMNANTS AND NEUTRON STARS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Energy Studies of Supernova Remnants and Neutron Stars CY OCT, 2002 CL Houston, TX SP COSPAR Sci Commiss E, SRON DE Chandra observations; supernova remnants; neutron stars ID X-RAY-EMISSION; PULSAR WIND NEBULA; CRAB PULSAR; RX J185635-3754; DISCOVERY; SPECTRUM; G292.0+1.8; QUIESCENCE; IC-443 AB We present a brief overview of Chandra observations of supernova remnants and neutron stars, with emphasis on neutron stars in supernova remnants. The Chandra images demonstrate the importance of angular resolution in separating the neutron star emission from the surrounding nebulosity. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Weisskopf, MC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, SD50, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM martin@smoker.msfc.nasa.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 487 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.039 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAD21 UT WOS:000221641800023 ER PT S AU Harding, AK Gonthier, PL Grenier, IA Perrot, CA AF Harding, AK Gonthier, PL Grenier, IA Perrot, CA TI Pulsar populations and unidentified gamma-ray sources SO HIGH-ENERGY STUDIES OF SUPERNOVA REMNANTS AND NEUTRON STARS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Energy Studies of Supernova Remnants and Neutron Stars CY OCT, 2002 CL Houston, TX SP COSPAR Sci Commiss E, SRON DE pulsars; pulsar populations; gamma-ray sources; unidentified gamma-ray sources ID MAGNETIC-FIELD DECAY; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; POLAR CAPS; GOULD-BELT; PAIR FORMATION; SLOT GAPS; ACCELERATION; DISCOVERY; CASCADES; ZONES AB The EGRET telescope on the Compton Gamma-ray Observatory detected over 200 sources and the majority of these are still unidentified. At least three subpopulations of EGRET sources have been associated with the Galaxy: bright sources lying along the Galactic plane, weaker sources spatially correlated with the Gould Belt and a high-latitude, halo population. Many of these sources may be pulsars and there are more than two-dozen radio pulsars in or near EGRET source error boxes, most of them recently discovered in the Parkes Multibeam Survey. We present results from several population synthesis studies of pulsars in the Galaxy, which predict the number of pulsars detected by gamma-ray and radio surveys assuming models for the high-energy emission beam and its relation to the radio beam. Future gamma-ray pulsar detections by AGILE and GLAST together with the recent large rise in the radio pulsar population will give greatly improved statistics. The relative numbers of radio and gamma-ray pulsars detected in the plane and in the Gould Belt populations will provide an important discriminator between models of high-energy emission and will profoundly affect the numbers and birth rate of pulsars in the Galaxy. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Hope Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Holland, MI 49423 USA. Univ Paris 07, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Harding, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM alice.k.harding@nasa.gov RI Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 571 EP 576 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.07.021 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAD21 UT WOS:000221641800035 ER PT S AU Dyks, J Rudak, B AF Dyks, J Rudak, B TI Signatures of pulsar polar-cap emission at the high-energy spectral cut-off SO HIGH-ENERGY STUDIES OF SUPERNOVA REMNANTS AND NEUTRON STARS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Energy Studies of Supernova Remnants and Neutron Stars CY OCT, 2002 CL Houston, TX SP COSPAR Sci Commiss E, SRON DE pulsar; high-energy radiation; gamma-rays; polar-cap emission ID GAMMA-RAY PULSARS AB We address four unique signatures in pulsar gamma-ray radiation as predicted by polar-cap models. These signatures are expected to be present nearby the spectral high-energy cut-off at around several GeV. Their magnitude and, therefore, their observability depends strongly on the orientational factors, the rotation, as well as on the details of the polar-cap structure. These strong predictions are likely to be verified by the NASA's future gamma-ray mission GLAST. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Nicholas Copernicus Univ, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NCU, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Torun, Poland. RP Rudak, B (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Rabianska 8, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM bronek@ncac.torun.pl NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.028 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAD21 UT WOS:000221641800037 ER PT S AU Meadows, BL Amzajerdian, F Baker, NR Sudesh, V Singh, UN Kavaya, MJ AF Meadows, BL Amzajerdian, F Baker, NR Sudesh, V Singh, UN Kavaya, MJ BE Zadiker, MS TI Thermal characteristics of high-power, long pulse width, quasi-CW laser diode arrays SO HIGH-POWER DIODE LASER TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Diode Laser Technology and Applications II CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser diode array; thermal characteristics; laser diode pump; solid-state laser; lifetime ID FACET TEMPERATURE AB 2-micron solid-state lasers operating at moderate to high pulse energies require high power quasi-CW laser diode arrays (LDAs) operating at a nominal wavelength of 792 nm with pulse durations of at least one millisecond. This long pulse duration is one of the main causes of limited lifetimes for these arrays. Such relatively long pulse durations cause the laser diode active region to experience high peak temperatures and drastic thermal cycling. This extreme localized heating and thermal cycling of the active regions are considered the primary contributing factors for both gradual and catastrophic degradation of LDAs. This paper describes the thermal characteristics of various LDA packages, providing valuable insight for improving their heat dissipation and increasing their lifetime. The experiment includes both direct measurement of thermal radiation of the LDA facet using a high resolution IR camera and indirect measurement of LDA active region temperature by monitoring the wavelength shift of the near-IR light. The result of thermal measurements on different quasi-CW LDA packages and architectures is reported. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Meadows, BL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5244-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5336 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1117/12.531760 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAJ83 UT WOS:000222604000025 ER PT S AU Smialek, JL AF Smialek, JL GP trans tech publications BE Steinmetz, P Wright, IG Meier, G Galerie, A Pieraggi, B Podor, R TI Cyclic oxidation modeling and life prediction SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 6, PRT 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 16-21, 2004 CL Les Embiez, FRANCE SP Univ Henri Poincare, ORNL, EPRI, CEFRACOR, European Federat Corros DE cyclic oxidation; modeling; scale growth; spallation; alumina scales ID SPALLING MODEL; COSP AB The cyclic oxidation process can be described as an iterative scale growth and spallation sequence by a number of similar models. Model input variables include oxide scale type and growth parameters, spalling geometry, spall constant, and cycle duration. Outputs include net weight change, the amounts of retained and spalled oxide, the total oxygen and metal consumed, and the terminal rates of weight loss and metal consumption. All models and their variations produce a number of similar characteristic features. In general, spalling and material consumption increase to a steady state rate, at which point the retained scale approaches a constant and the rate of weight loss becomes linear. For one model, this regularity was demonstrated as dimensionless, universal expressions, obtained by normalizing the variables by critical performance factors. These insights were enabled through the use of the COSP for Windows cyclic oxidation spalling program. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Smialek, JL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM James.L.Smialek@NASA.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-945-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 461-464 BP 663 EP 670 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAS03 UT WOS:000223339700079 ER PT S AU Opila, EJ AF Opila, EJ GP trans tech publications BE Steinmetz, P Wright, IG Meier, G Galerie, A Pieraggi, B Podor, R TI Volatility of common protective oxides in high-temperature water vapor: Current understanding and unanswered questions SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 6, PRT 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 16-21, 2004 CL Les Embiez, FRANCE SP Univ Henri Poincare, ORNL, EPRI, CEFRACOR, European Federat Corros DE volatility; water vapor; chromia; silica; alumina ID SIO2 SCALE VOLATILITY; OXIDATION; ALLOYS; CHROMIUM; SILICON; GAS; THERMOCHEMISTRY; THERMODYNAMICS; RECESSION; HYDROXIDE C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Opila, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM opila@nasa.gov NR 37 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 21 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-945-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 461-464 BP 765 EP 773 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAS03 UT WOS:000223339700091 ER PT S AU McKay, CP AF McKay, CP BE Looney, NE TI The case for plants on Mars SO HORTICULTURE: ART AND SCIENCE FOR LIFE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Mars exploration; extraterrestrial life; controlled environments; plant-based ecosynthesis ID LIQUID WATER; LIFE AB The human exploration of Mars will be motivated by the scientific exploration of that planet in order to determine if it supported life in the past and could support a biosphere in the future. Humans will not go to Mars alone but in concert with other life forms from Earth. Plants in particular will be key resources for human explorers and plant-based ecosystems may be established on Mars robotically before humans arrive. An essential near-term step is the testing of a plant growth module on a Mars lander mission. In the long-term, plant-based ecosystems may form the basis for global ecosynthesis on Mars. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP McKay, CP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-217-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2004 IS 642 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BBM82 UT WOS:000226246800020 ER PT S AU Wheeler, RM AF Wheeler, RM BE Looney, NE TI Horticulture for Mars SO HORTICULTURE: ART AND SCIENCE FOR LIFE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE life support; 'bioregenerative; closed ecological life support systems' CELSS.; light; CO2; hydroponics; greenhouses; controlled environment horticulture ID BIOREGENERATIVE LIFE-SUPPORT; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES; GAS-EXCHANGE; PLANT-GROWTH; SEED YIELD; WHEAT; CROP; SPACE; CO2 AB When humans venture beyond Earth orbit and on to Mars, horticulture will surely follow. Early missions would likely include small-scale plant growing systems to produce fresh vegetables and small fruits to supplement the space travelers' diet. As mission durations increase, so would the role of horticulture. where plants would provide an increasing proportion of food, oxygen. carbon dioxide removal. and water purification. In all cases, innovative horticultural technologies and approaches will be required. These would include the development of efficient electric lighting and/or solar collectors, innovative design and management concepts for greenhouses and growing modules, capabilities to manage temperature. humidity. and atmospheric composition (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethylene, and total pressure), use of techniques to recycle and conserve water and nutrients, and incorporation of novel plant health monitoring concepts. As well, a successful horticultural effort on Mars would require new cultivars that are well suited for the constraints of Martian gardening. Meeting these needs will be challenging but could benefit terrestrial horticultural by inspiring novel technologies that are energy-efficient and miniaturized, as well as through increasing our fundamental understanding of crop physiology. C1 NASA, Biol Sci Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Wheeler, RM (reprint author), NASA, Biol Sci Off, Mail Code YA-E4-C, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NR 82 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-217-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2004 IS 642 BP 201 EP 215 PG 15 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BBM82 UT WOS:000226246800022 ER PT J AU Miller, CS Remington, RW AF Miller, CS Remington, RW TI Modeling information navigation: Implications for information architecture SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article ID ATTENTION AB Previous studies for menu and Web search tasks have suggested differing advice on the optimal number of selections per page. In this article, we examine this discrepancy through the use of a computational model of information navigation that simulates users navigating through a Web site. By varying the quality of the link labels in our simulations, we find that the optimal structure depends on the quality of the labels and are thus able to account for the results in the previous studies. We present additional empirical results to further validate the model and corroborate our findings. Finally we discuss our findings' implications for the information architecture of Web sites. C1 Depaul Univ, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Miller, CS (reprint author), Depaul Univ, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM cmiller@cs.depaul.edu; Roger.W.Remington@nasa.gov NR 35 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0737-0024 J9 HUM-COMPUT INTERACT JI Hum.-Comput. Interact. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 225 EP 271 DI 10.1207/s15327051hci1903_2 PG 47 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 853CM UT WOS:000223803900002 ER PT B AU Prinzel, LJ Kramer, LJ Arthur, JJ Bailey, RE AF Prinzel, LJ Kramer, LJ Arthur, JJ Bailey, RE BE Vicenzi, DA Mouloua, M Hancock, PA TI Evaluation of tunnel concepts for advanced aviation displays SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE, SITUATION AWARENESS AND AUTOMATION: CURRENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation (HPSAA II) CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USN Off Naval Res, USA Med Res Acquisit Activ, DARPA, CHI Syst Inc, Human Solut Inc, Interface Anal Associates, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Univ Cent Florida, Florida Inst Technol DE synthetic vision; situation awareness; pathway displays; tunnel displays; highway-in-the-sky AB Eight 757 commercial airline captains flew 22 approaches using the Reno Sparks 16R Visual Arrival simulated Cat IIIa conditions. Approaches were flown using a synthetic vision display that was chosen as an advanced aviation display to evaluate four tunnel or pathway concepts and compared their efficacy to a baseline condition without a tunnel. Two new "dynamic" tunnel concepts were developed and evaluated in addition to both a minimal and box tunnel concept. The results showed that the tunnel concepts significantly improved pilot performance and situation awareness and lowered workload compared to the baseline condition. The dynamic tunnel concepts were found to be the best candidates for advanced aviation displays. These results are discussed with implications for display design and future research. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5341-3 PY 2004 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BAS34 UT WOS:000223354000018 ER PT B AU Prinzel III, LJ Hughes, MF Kramer, LJ Arthur, JJ AF Prinzel III, LJ Hughes, MF Kramer, LJ Arthur, JJ BE Vincenzi, DA Mouloua, M Hancock, PA TI Aviation safety benefits of NASA synthetic vision: Low visibility loss-of-control, runway incursion detection, and cfit experiments SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE, SITUATION AWARENESS AND AUTOMATION: CURRENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation (HPSAA II) CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USN Off Naval Res, USA Med Res Acquisit Activ, DARPA, CHI Syst Inc, Human Solut Inc, Interface Anal Associates, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Univ Cent Florida, Florida Inst Technol DE synthetic vision; spatial disorientation; CFIT; runway incursion; inadvertent IMC AB A national aviation safety goal was established to reduce the accident rate by 80% by 2007. Reducing low visibility as a causal factor in general aviation and commercial accidents may help meet that goal. The paper describes research conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center on the efficacy of synthetic vision to mitigate spatial disorientation, runway incursions, and controlled-flight-into-terrain. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5341-3 PY 2004 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BAS35 UT WOS:000223355300031 ER PT S AU Larimer, J Gille, J Powers, M Liu, HC AF Larimer, J Gille, J Powers, M Liu, HC BE Rogowitz, BE Pappas, TN TI Hyperacuity on high-resolution & very-high-resolution displays SO HUMAN VISION AND ELECTRONIC IMAGING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging IX CY JAN 19-21, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE ID HUMAN EYE; QUALITY C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Flight Controls & Cockpit Integrat Branch, USA NASA Rotorcraft Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Larimer, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Flight Controls & Cockpit Integrat Branch, USA NASA Rotorcraft Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5195-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5292 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1117/12.532527 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAJ77 UT WOS:000222603000020 ER PT S AU Gille, J Arend, L Larimer, J AF Gille, J Arend, L Larimer, J BE Rogowitz, BE Pappas, TN TI Display characterization by eye: Contrast ratio and discrimination throughout the grayscale SO HUMAN VISION AND ELECTRONIC IMAGING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging IX CY JAN 19-21, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE AB We have measured the ability of observers to estimate the contrast ratio (maximum white luminance / minimum black or gray) of various displays and to assess luminous discrimination over the tonescale of the display. This was done using only the computer itself and easily-distributed devices such as neutral density filters. The ultimate goal of this work is to see how much of the characterization of a display can be performed by the ordinary user in situ, in a manner that takes advantage of the unique abilities of the human visual system and measures visually important aspects of the display. We discuss the relationship among contrast ratio, tone scale, display transfer function and room lighting. These results may contribute to the development of applications that allow optimization of displays for the situated viewer / display system without instrumentation and without indirect inferences from laboratory to workplace. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Raytheon ITSS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gille, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Raytheon ITSS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5195-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5292 BP 218 EP 233 DI 10.1117/12.532521 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAJ77 UT WOS:000222603000021 ER PT S AU Powers, M Larimer, J Gille, J Liu, HC AF Powers, M Larimer, J Gille, J Liu, HC BE Rogowitz, BE Pappas, TN TI Reading performance with large fonts on high resolution displays SO HUMAN VISION AND ELECTRONIC IMAGING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging IX CY JAN 19-21, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE ID STRESS C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Rotorcraft Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Powers, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Rotorcraft Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5195-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5292 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1117/12.527233 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAJ77 UT WOS:000222603000024 ER PT B AU Iverson, DL AF Iverson, DL BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI Inductive system health monitoring SO IC-AI '04 & MLMTA'04 , VOL 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence/International Conference on Machine Learning, Models, Technologies and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE system health monitoring; inductive learning; clustering; IVHM AB The Inductive Monitoring System (IMS) software was developed to provide a technique to automatically produce health monitoring knowledge bases for systems that are either difficult to model (simulate) with a computer or which require computer models that are too complex to use for real time monitoring. IMS uses nominal data sets collected either directly from the system or from simulations to build a knowledge base that can be used to detect anomalous behavior in the system. Machine learning and data mining techniques are used to characterize typical system behavior by extracting general classes of nominal data from archived data sets. IMS is able to monitor the system by comparing real time operational data with these classes. We present a description of learning and monitoring methods used by IMS and summarize some recent IMS results. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Iverson, DL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 269-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-33-5 PY 2004 BP 605 EP 611 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BBL81 UT WOS:000226030400092 ER PT B AU Balaban, E Maul, WA Sweet, A Fulton, CE Bajwa, A Chicatelli, A AF Balaban, E Maul, WA Sweet, A Fulton, CE Bajwa, A Chicatelli, A BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI Transient region coverage in the propulsion IVHM technology experiment SO IC-AI '04 & MLMTA'04 , VOL 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence/International Conference on Machine Learning, Models, Technologies and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol AB Over the last several years researchers at NASA Glenn and Ames Research Centers have developed a real-time fault detection and isolation system for propulsion subsystems of future space vehicles. The Propulsion IVHM Technology Experiment (PITEX), as it is called, follows the model-based diagnostic methodology and employs Livingstone, developed at NASA Ames, as its reasoning engine. The system has been tested on flight-like hardware through a series of nominal and fault scenarios. These scenarios have been developed using a highly detailed simulation of the X-34 flight demonstrator main propulsion system and include realistic failures involving valves, regulators, microswitches, and sensors. This paper focuses on one of the recent research and development efforts under PITEX - to provide more complete transient region diagnostic coverage. It describes the development Of the transient monitors, the corresponding modeling methodology, and the interface software responsible for coordinating the flow of information between the quantitative monitors and the qualitative, discrete representation in Livingstone. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Balaban, E (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-33-5 PY 2004 BP 612 EP 618 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BBL81 UT WOS:000226030400093 ER PT B AU Lee, C Hanna, DM Haskell, RE Alena, RL AF Lee, C Hanna, DM Haskell, RE Alena, RL BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI Using fuzzy clustering for real-time space flight safety SO IC-AI '04 & MLMTA'04 , VOL 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence/International Conference on Machine Learning, Models, Technologies and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE fuzzy clustering; space flight; temporal data AB To ensure space flight safety, it is necessary to monitor myriad sensors, which include ground and in-flight readings. Since a space shuttle has many sensors, monitoring data and drawing conclusions from information contained within the data in real time is challenging. This information can be critical to the success of the mission and safety of the crew and therefore, must be processed in minimal data-processing time. Data analysis algorithms can be used to process sensor readings and compare data associated with normal operation with the data obtained that contain fault patterns for identifying possible undesirable behavior before an unsafe situation develops. Detecting abnormal operation during early stages in the transition from safe to unsafe operation requires a large amount of historical data that can be categorized into different classes (non-risk/acceptable operation, risk/abnormal operation). Even though the 20 years of shuttle flight program has accumulated volumes of historical data, these data don't comprehensively represent all possible fault patterns since fault patterns are usually unknown before the fault occurs. This paper presents a method that uses a similarity measure between fuzzy clusters to detect possible faults in real time. A clustering technique based on a fuzzy equivalence relation is used to characterize temporal data Data collected during an initial time period are separated into clusters. Clusters formed during subsequent time periods are either merged with an existing cluster or added to the cluster list, thus accurately updating the clusters in real-time without reclustering the entire data set. The resulting list of cluster centroids, called a cluster group, characterizes the behavior of a particular set of temporal data. The degree to which new clusters formed in a subsequent time period are similar to the cluster group is characterized by a similarity measure, q. This method is applied to downlink data from flights of the Columbia space shuttle. The results show that this technique can detect an unexpected fault that has not been present in the training data set, in real-time. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SAIC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SAIC, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM clee@mail.arc.nasa.gov; dmhanna@oakland.edu; haskell@oakland.edu; Richard.L.Alena@nasa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-33-5 PY 2004 BP 619 EP 623 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BBL81 UT WOS:000226030400094 ER PT J AU Nelson, RM Rayman, MD Weaver, HA AF Nelson, RM Rayman, MD Weaver, HA TI The deep space 1 encounter with Comet 19P/Borrelly SO ICARUS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Nelson, RM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.m.nelson@jpl.nasa.gov RI Weaver, Harold/D-9188-2016 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.008 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DR UT WOS:000187956100001 ER PT J AU Soderblom, LA Boice, DC Britt, DT Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Kirk, RL Lee, M Nelson, RM Oberst, J Sandel, BR Stern, SA Thomas, N Yelle, RV AF Soderblom, LA Boice, DC Britt, DT Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Kirk, RL Lee, M Nelson, RM Oberst, J Sandel, BR Stern, SA Thomas, N Yelle, RV TI Imaging Borrelly SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE comet; imaging; nucleus; topography; coma; dust jet; short-period comets; 19P/Borrelly; Borrelly; deep space 1; rotation axis; rotation pole ID DEEP-SPACE-1 EXTENDED MISSION; PERIODIC COMET ENCKE; DEEP SPACE 1; OUTGASSING ASYMMETRY; INTEGRATED CAMERA; 253 MATHILDE; INNER COMA; DUST JETS; NUCLEUS; PHOTOMETRY AB The nucleus, coma, and dust jets of short-period Comet 19P/Borrelly were imaged from the Deep Space 1 spacecraft during its close flyby in September 2001. A prominent jet dominated the near-nucleus coma and emanated roughly normal to the long axis of nucleus from a broad central cavity. We show it to have remained fixed in position for more than 34 hr, much longer than the 26-hr rotation period. This confirms earlier suggestions that it is co-aligned with the rotation axis. From a combination of fitting the nucleus light curve from approach images and the nucleus' orientation from stereo images at encounter, we conclude that the sense of rotation is right-handed around the main jet vector. The inferred rotation pole is approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the nucleus, consistent with a simple rotational state. Lacking an existing IAU comet-specific convention but applying a convention provisionally adopted for asteroids, we label this the north pole. This places the sub-solar latitude at similar to 60degrees N at the time of the perihelion with the north pole in constant sunlight and thus receiving maximum average insolation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Gernam Aerosp Ctr, Inst Plantary Sci, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Inst Phys, Space Res & Planetol Div, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Soderblom, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM isoderblom@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 1 BP 4 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.07.008 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DR UT WOS:000187956100002 ER PT J AU Buratti, BJ Hicks, MD Soderblom, LA Britt, D Oberst, J Hillier, JK AF Buratti, BJ Hicks, MD Soderblom, LA Britt, D Oberst, J Hillier, JK TI Deep Space 1 photometry of the nucleus of Comet 19P/Borrelly SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comets; cometary nuclei; Deep Space 1; 19P/Borrelly ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; GALILEO PHOTOMETRY; VOYAGER PHOTOMETRY; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; CCD PHOTOMETRY; 253 MATHILDE; SURFACE; SATELLITES; IAPETUS AB The NASA-JPL Deep Space 1 Mission (DS1) encountered the short-period Jupiter-family Comet 19P/Borrelly on September 22, 2001, about 8 days after perihelion. DS1's payload contained a remote-sensing package called MICAS (Miniature integrated Camera Spectrometer) that included a 1024 square CCD and a near IR spectrometer with similar to 12 nm resolution. Prior to its closest approach of 2171 km, the remote-sensing package on the spacecraft obtained 25 CCD images of the comet and 45 near-IR spectra (L. Soderblom et al., 2002, Science 296, 1087-1091). These images provided the first close-up view of a comet's nucleus sufficiently unobscured to perform quantitative photometric studies. At closest approach, corresponding to a resolution of 47 meters per pixel, the intensity of the coma was less than 1% of that of the nucleus. An unprecedented range of high solar phase angles (52-89 degrees), viewing geometries that are in general attainable only when a comet is active, enabled the first quantitative and disk resolved modeling of surface photometric physical parameters, including the single particle phase function and macroscopic roughness. The disk-integrated geometric albedo of Borrelly's nucleus is 0.029 +/- 0.006, comparable to the dark hemisphere of Iapetus, the lowest albedo C-type asteroids, and the uranian rings. The Bond albedo, 0.009 +/- 0.002, is lower than that of any Solar System object measured. Such a low value may enhance the heating of the nucleus and sublimation of volatiles, which in turn causes the albedo to decrease even further. A map of normal reflectance of Borrelly shows variations far greater than those seen on asteroids. The two main terrain types, smooth and mottled, exhibit mean normal reflectances of 0.03 and 0.022. The physical photometric parameters of Borrelly's nucleus are typical of other small dark bodies, particularly asteroids, except preliminary modeling results indicate its regolith may be substantially fluffier. The nucleus exhibits significant variations in macroscopic roughness, with the oldest, darkest terrain being slightly smoother. This result suggests the infilling of low-lying areas with dust and particles that have not been able to leave the comet. The surface of the comet is backscattering, but there are significant variations in the single particle phase function. One region exhibits a flat particle phase function between solar phase angles of 50degrees and 75degrees (like cometary dust and unlike planetary surfaces), suggesting that its regolith is controlled by native dust rather than by meteoritic bombardment. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Deutsches Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. Grays Harbor Coll, Dept Math & Sci, Aberdeen, WA 98520 USA. RP Buratti, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91009 USA. EM bonnie.j.buratti@jpl.nasa.gov NR 47 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 1 BP 16 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.05.002 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DR UT WOS:000187956100003 ER PT J AU Nelson, RM Soderblom, LA Hapke, BW AF Nelson, RM Soderblom, LA Hapke, BW TI Are the circular, dark features on Comet Borrelly's surface albedo variations or pits? SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comets; surface morphology; surface processes; photometry; albedo AB The highest resolution images of Comet 19P/Borrelly show many dark features which, upon casual inspection, appear to be low albedo markings, but which may also be shadows or other photometric variations caused by a depression in the local topography. In order to distinguish between these two possible interpretations we conducted a photometric analysis of three of the most prominent of these features using six of the highest quality images from the September 22, 2001 Deep Space 1 (DS1) flyby. We find that: 1. The radiance in the darkest parts of each feature increases as phase angle decreases, similarly to the radiance behavior of the higher albedo surrounding terrain. The dark features could be either fully illuminated low albedo spots or, alternatively, they could be depressions. No part of any of the three regions was in full shadow. 2. One of the regions has a radiance profile consistent with a rimmed depression, the second, with a simple depression with no rim, and the third with a low albedo spot. 3. The regolith particles are backscattering and carbon black is one of the few candidate regolith materials that might explain this low albedo. We conclude that Borrelly's surface is geologically complex to the limit of resolution of the images with a combination complex topography, pits, troughs, peaks and ridges, and some very dark albedo markings, perhaps a factor of two to three darker than the average 3-4% albedo of the surrounding terrains. Our technique utilizing measured radiance profiles through the dark regions is able to discriminate between rimmed depressions, rimless depressions and simple albedo changes not associated with topography. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Nelson, RM (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.m.nelson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.04.002 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DR UT WOS:000187956100005 ER PT J AU Britt, DT Boice, DC Buratti, BJ Campins, H Nelson, RM Oberst, J Sandel, BR Stem, SA Soderblom, LA Thomas, N AF Britt, DT Boice, DC Buratti, BJ Campins, H Nelson, RM Oberst, J Sandel, BR Stem, SA Soderblom, LA Thomas, N TI The morphology and surface processes of Comet 19/P Borrelly SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comets; geological processes; regoliths; surfaces; Comets ID NUCLEUS; MATHILDE AB The flyby of the nucleus of the Comet 19P/Borrelly by the Peep Space I spacecraft produced the best views to date of the surface of these interesting objects. It transformed Borrelly from an astronomical object shrouded in coma of gas and dust into a geological object with complex surface processes and a rich history of erosion and landform evolution. Based on analysis of the highest resolution images, stereo images, photometry, and albedo we have mapped four major morphological units and four terrain features. The morphological units are named dark spots, mottled terrain, mesas, and smooth terrain. The features are named ridges, troughs, pits, and hills. In strong contrast to asteroids, unambiguous impact craters were not observed on Borrelly's surface. Because of the relatively short period of this comet, surface erosion by volatile sublimation is, in geologic terms, a very active process. The formation and the morphologies of units and features appear to be driven by differential rates of sublimation erosion. Erosional rates across the comet are probably controlled by solar energy input and the location of the subsolar point during perihelion. Differences in energy input may produce different varieties of sublimation erosional landforms. The terrains on Borrelly suggest that solar energy input could map directly into erosional processes and landforms. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. German Aerosp Ctr, DLR, Inst Space Sensor Technol & Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Branch, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Inst Phys, Dept Space Res & Planetol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Britt, DT (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, POB 162385, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM britt@physics.ucf.edu NR 20 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.09.004 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DR UT WOS:000187956100006 ER PT J AU Oberst, J Giese, B Howington-Kraus, E Kirk, R Soderblom, L Buratti, B Hicks, M Nelson, R Britt, D AF Oberst, J Giese, B Howington-Kraus, E Kirk, R Soderblom, L Buratti, B Hicks, M Nelson, R Britt, D TI The nucleus of Comet Borrelly: a study of morphology and surface brightness SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comets; nucleus; surfaces; topography; morphology; photometry ID IMAGES; GANYMEDE AB Stereo images obtained during the DS1 flyby were analyzed to derive a topographic model for the nucleus of Comet 19P/Borrelly for morphologic and photometric studies. The elongated nucleus has an overall concave shape, resembling a peanut, with the lower end tilted towards the camera. The bimodal character of surface-slopes and curvatures support the idea that the nucleus is a gravitational aggregate, consisting of two fragments in contact. Our photometric modeling suggests that topographic shading effects on Borrelly's surface are very minor (< 10%) at the given resolution of the terrain model. Instead, albedo effects are thought to dominate Borrelly's large variations in surface brightness. With 90% of the visible surface having single scattering albedos between 0.008 and 0.024, Borrelly is confirmed to be among the darkest of the known Solar System objects. Photometrically corrected images emphasize that the nucleus has distinct, contiguous terrains covered with either bright or dark, smooth or mottled materials. Also, mapping of the changes in surface brightness with phase angle suggests that terrain roughness at subpixel scale is not uniform over the nucleus. High surface roughness is noted in particular near the transition between the upper and lower end of the nucleus, as well as near the presumed source region of Borrelly's main jets. Borrelly's surface is complex and characterized by distinct types of materials that have different compositional and/or physical properties. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Space Sensor Technol & Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Oberst, J (reprint author), DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Space Sensor Technol & Planetary Explorat, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM juergen.oberst@dlr.de NR 21 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.05.001 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DR UT WOS:000187956100008 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Clay, DR Zhang, LD Dasgupta, B Brinza, D Henry, M Arballo, JK Moses, S Mendis, A AF Tsurutani, BT Clay, DR Zhang, LD Dasgupta, B Brinza, D Henry, M Arballo, JK Moses, S Mendis, A TI Plasma clouds associated with Comet P Borrelly dust impacts SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comets; impact processes; instrumentation; interplanetary dust ID WAVE INSTRUMENT; GIACOBINI-ZINNER; RING PLANE; PARTICLES; HALLEY; VOYAGER-2; VEGA-2; URANUS; SATURN; GRAIN AB The NASA DS1 spacecraft encountered Comet P/Borrelly on September 22, 2001 at a distance of similar to 2171 km on the sunward side of the comet. The flyby speed was similar to 16.5 km s(-1). Using high temporal resolution (50 ps) absolute electric field amplitude measurements from a similar to 1 m dipole antenna, new features of plasma clouds created by cometary dust impacts have been detected. The pulses have 1/e exponential decays of similar to 650 mus duration, exponentially shaped overshoots with rise times of similar to 2 ms, and exponential-shaped overshoot decay times of similar to 10 ms. Assuming a plasma temperature of 104 K, these pulse features have been explained as plasma cloud space charge effects from the electron, proton and heavy ion portions of the clouds passing the antenna. Complex pulse shapes were also detected. These are believed to be due to either plasma cloud scattering off of the spacecraft, or to secondary impacts. Small electric pulses of duration 10-15 ms of cometary origin were detected but are presently unexplained. The electric component of the plasma wave spectra at closest approach had an f(-2.4) power law shape from 10 Hz to 1 kHz. The electron cyclotron frequency was approximately I kHz. One possible explanation of the wave spectrum is that whistler mode waves associated with phase steepened cometary plasma waves are dispersed, leading to the broad spectrum. Finally, based on the present results, a new type of low-cost, large-area dust detector is proposed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. TRW Space & Technol Grp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Tsurutani, BT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 1 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.021 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DR UT WOS:000187956100010 ER PT J AU Soderblom, LA Britt, DT Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Kirk, RL Owen, TC Yelle, RV AF Soderblom, LA Britt, DT Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Kirk, RL Owen, TC Yelle, RV TI Short-wavelength infrared (1.3-2.6 mu m) observations of the nucleus of Comet 19P/Borrelly SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comet; temperature; thermal emission; imaging spectrometer; short-wavelength infrared; SWIR; JHK color; nitrogen-bearing organic molecules; H-K color; J-H color; infrared spectra; spectral absorption; nucleus; short-period Comets; 19P/Borrelly; Borrelly; deep space 1 ID P/AREND-RIGAUX; INTEGRATED CAMERA; JHK PHOTOMETRY; SOLAR-SYSTEM; WATER ICE; HALLEY; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; ASTEROIDS; ALBEDO AB During the last two minutes before closest approach of Deep Space 1 to Comet 19P/Borrelly, a long exposure was made with the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) imaging spectrometer. The observation yielded 46 spectra covering 1.3-2.6 mum; the footprint of each spectrum was similar to 160 m x width of the nucleus. Borrelly's highly variegated and extremely dark 8-km-long nucleus exhibits a strong red slope in its short-wavelength infrared reflection spectrum. This slope is equivalent to J-K and H-K colors of similar to 0.82 and similar to 0.43, respectively. Between 2.3-2.6 mum thermal emission is clearly detectable in most of the spectra. These data show the nucleus surface to be hot and dry; no trace of H2O ice was detected. The surface temperature ranged continuously across the nucleus from less than or equal to 300 K near the terminator to a maximum of similar to 340 K, the expected sub-solar equilibrium temperature for a slowly rotating body. A single absorption band at similar to 2.39 mum is quite evident in all of the spectra and resembles features seen in nitrogen-bearing organic molecules that are reasonable candidates for compositional components of cometary nuclei. However as of yet the source of this band is unknown. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Soderblom, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM lsoderblom@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 1 BP 100 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.019 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DR UT WOS:000187956100011 ER PT J AU Buratti, BJ Britt, DT Soderblom, LA Hicks, MD Boice, DC Brown, RH Meier, R Nelson, RM Oberst, J Owen, TC Rivkin, AS Sandel, BR Stern, SA Thomas, N Yelle, RV AF Buratti, BJ Britt, DT Soderblom, LA Hicks, MD Boice, DC Brown, RH Meier, R Nelson, RM Oberst, J Owen, TC Rivkin, AS Sandel, BR Stern, SA Thomas, N Yelle, RV TI 9969 Braille: Deep Space 1 infrared spectroscopy, geometric albedo, and classification SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE asteroids; NEOs; 9969 Braille; Deep Space 1 ID NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; METEORITES; ROTATION; BRAILLE; LUNAR AB Spectra of Asteroid 9969 Braille in the 1.25-2.6 mum region returned by the Deep Space 1 (DS1) Mission show a similar to 10% absorption band centered at 2 mum, and a reflectance peak at 1.6 mum. Analysis of these features suggest that the composition of Braille is roughly equal parts pyroxene and olivine. Its spectrum between 0.4 and 2.5 mum suggests that it is most closely related to the Q taxonomic type of asteroid. The spectrum also closely matches that of the ordinary chondrites, the most common type of terrestrial meteorite. The geometric albedo of Braille is unusually high (p(v) = 0.34), which is also consistent with its placement within the rarer classes of stony asteroids, and which suggests it has a relatively fresh, unweathered surface, perhaps due to a recent collision. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. DLR, Inst Space Sensor Technol & Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. RP Buratti, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bonnie.j.buratti@jpl.nasa.gov RI Rivkin, Andrew/B-7744-2016 OI Rivkin, Andrew/0000-0002-9939-9976 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 1 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.06.002 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DR UT WOS:000187956100013 ER PT J AU Smith, MD AF Smith, MD TI Interannual variability in TES atmospheric observations of Mars during 1999-2003 SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; atmosphere; Mars; climate; atmospheres; structure ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; DUST OPACITY; ICE CLOUDS; MGS-TES; SCIENCE; TEMPERATURES; AEROBRAKING AB We use infrared spectra returned by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) to retrieve atmospheric and surface temperature, dust and water ice aerosol optical depth, and water vapor column abundance. The data presented here span more than two martian years (Mars Year 24, L-s = 104degrees, 1 March 1999 to Mars Year 26, L-s = 180degrees, 4 May 2003). We present an overview of the seasonal (Ls), latitudinal, and longitudinal dependence of atmospheric quantities during this period, as well as an initial assessment of the interannual variability in the current martian climate. We find that the perihelion season (L-s = 180degrees-360degrees) is relatively warm, dusty, free of water ice clouds, and shows a relatively high degree of interannual variability in dust optical depth and atmospheric temperature. On the other hand, the aphelion season (L-s = 0degrees-180degrees) is relatively cool, cloudy, free of dust, and shows a low degree of interannual variability. Water vapor abundance shows a moderate amount of interannual variability at all seasons, but the most in the perihelion season. Much of the small amount of interannual variability that is observed in the aphelion season appears to be caused by perihelion-season planet-encircling dust storms. These dust storms increase albedo through deposition of bright dust on the surface causing cooler daytime surface and atmospheric temperatures well after dust optical depth returns to prestorm values. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20071 USA. RP Smith, MD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20071 USA. EM michael.d.smith@nasa.gov RI Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012 NR 46 TC 392 Z9 394 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 1 BP 148 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.09.010 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DR UT WOS:000187956100015 ER PT S AU Giannakopoulou, D Pasareanu, CS Cobleigh, JM AF Giannakopoulou, D Pasareanu, CS Cobleigh, JM GP ieee computer society TI Assume-guarantee verification of source code with design-level assumptions SO ICSE 2004: 26TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Software Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2004) CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Inst Elect Engineers, SIG SOFT, British Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn, SIGPLAN AB Model checking is an automated technique that can be used to determine whether a system satisfies certain required properties. To address the "state explosion" problem associated with this technique, we propose to integrate assume-guarantee verification at different phases of system development. During design, developers build abstract behavioral models of the system components and use them to establish key properties of the system. To increase the scalability of model checking at this level, we have previously developed techniques that automatically decompose the verification task by generating component assumptions for the properties to hold The design artifacts are subsequently used to guide the implementation of the system, but also to enable more efficient reasoning of the source code. In particular, we propose to use assumptions generated for the design to similarly decompose the verification of the actual system implementation. We demonstrate our approach on a significant NASA application, where design models were used to identify and correct a safety property violation, and the generated assumptions allowed us to check successfully that the property was preserved by the implementation. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM dimitra@email.arc.nasa.gov; pcorina@email.arc.nasa.gov; jcobleig@cs.umass.edu NR 31 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0270-5257 BN 0-7695-2163-0 J9 PROC INT CONF SOFTW PY 2004 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.1109/ICSE.2004.1317443 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BAH63 UT WOS:000222241200035 ER PT B AU San Filippo, J DeLeon, P AF San Filippo, J DeLeon, P GP ieee TI Evaluation of spherically invariant random process parameters as discriminators for speaker verification SO IEEE 11TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 2ND IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Taos Ski Valley, NM SP IEEE AB Current methods of speaker identification and verification rely on the complex extraction of hundreds or even thousands of parameters in order to correctly model and identify a speaker. These methods have matured to the point where extremely accurate identification of a speaker (from a large population of speakers) is possible. In this work, we are interested in the potential use of Spherically Invariant Random Processes (SIRPs), described by two parameters, for speaker identification. These random processes have been shown to be a more statistically-accurate model for speech than Laplace and Gamma pdfs. Computation of the two SIRP parameters is fast and simple and storage requirements are obviously small. Although the proposed method does not yield the accuracy of current methods, identification rates are better than random guessing. The work demonstrates the first step for potential use of SIRPs in speaker identification. Usage might include an adjunct role where SIRPs could supplement existing methods to further improve identification or be used to reduce the parameter requirements of existing methods while maintaining accuracy rates. C1 Honeywell Tech Solut Inc, NASA, White Sands Test Facil, Propuls Test Dept, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA. RP San Filippo, J (reprint author), Honeywell Tech Solut Inc, NASA, White Sands Test Facil, Propuls Test Dept, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8434-2 PY 2004 BP 307 EP 310 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBJ05 UT WOS:000225735400066 ER PT J AU Smart, MC Ratnakumar, BV Whitcanack, LD Chin, KB Surampudi, S Gitzendanner, R Puglia, F Byers, J AF Smart, MC Ratnakumar, BV Whitcanack, LD Chin, KB Surampudi, S Gitzendanner, R Puglia, F Byers, J TI Lithium-ion batteries for aerospace SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Under the Mars Surveyor Program (MSP01), lithium-ion batteries were developed by Lithion, Inc. (Yardney Technical Products, Inc.), each being 28 V, 25 Ah, 8-cells, 9 kg and fully qualified prior to mission cancellation. In addition to the requirement of being able to supply at least 90 cycles on the surface of Mars, the battery was demonstrated to be capable of operation (both charge and discharge) over a large temperature range (-20degrees to +40degreesC), with tolerance to non-operational excursions to -30degrees and +50degreesC. After mission cancellation, the batteries delivered to JPL were subjected to generic performance tests to demonstrate the applicability of the technology to meet future NASA aerospace applications. One of the two batteries currently being tested at JPL is undergoing testing according to anticipated performance requirements of future Mars Lander applications. The primary goal of this activity is to determine the performance capability to power surface operation on Mars for a prolonged period (> 3 years) after being subjected to a long cruise period. The second 25 AHr battery is being tested to determine the viability of using lithium-ion technology for future planetary orbiter applications. The test implemented consists of cycling the battery continuously under LEO conditions (30% DOD), while periodically checking the battery impedance and full capacity (100% DOD). Prior to initiating these tests, a number of characterization tests were performed to determine general performance attributes and battery health. In addition to presenting battery data, results obtained with individual cells will also be presented to further describe the capabilities of the technology to meet future applications. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Lithion Inc, Pawcatuck, CT 06379 USA. Lockheed Martin Aerosp Corp, Denver, CO USA. RP Smart, MC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1109/MAES.2004.1263988 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 764JV UT WOS:000188204500005 ER PT B AU Focardi, P McGrath, WR AF Focardi, P McGrath, WR GP IEEE TI Analysis and design of terahertz HEB mixers and detectors SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT ID DIELECTRIC LENSES C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Focardi, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 986 EP 989 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1329838 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400249 ER PT B AU Miranda, FA Simons, RN Hall, DG AF Miranda, FA Simons, RN Hall, DG GP IEEE TI Validation of radio frequency telemetry concept in the presence of biological tissue-like stratified media SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT AB In this paper we discuss a novel radio frequency (RF) telemetry concept for biomedical applications. The concept consists of a miniaturized spiral inductor/antenna for bio-MEMS sensors and an external pick-up antenna integrated into a hand-held device. The measured relative signal strength in the presence of biological phantoms ranged from -5.9 to -7.5 dB for antenna separations of 5 and 10 cm. These relative signal strengths are easily measurable, therefore validating the RF telemetry concept for biomedical applications. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Miranda, FA (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Mail Stop 54-8,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 1335 EP 1338 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330432 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400336 ER PT B AU Simons, RN Hall, DG Miranda, FA AF Simons, RN Hall, DG Miranda, FA GP IEEE TI Printed multi-turn loop antenna for RF bio-telemetry SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT AB In this paper, a novel printed multi-turn loop antenna for contact-less powering and RF telemetry from implantable bio-MEMS sensors at a design frequency of 300 MHz is demonstrated. In addition, computed values of input reactance, radiation resistance, skin effect resistance, and radiation efficiency for the printed multi-turn loop antenna are presented. The computed input reactance is compared with the measured values and shown to be in fair agreement. The computed radiation efficiency at the design frequency is about 24 percent. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Simons, RN (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 54-5,Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 1339 EP 1342 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330433 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400337 ER PT B AU Lohn, JD Linden, DS Hornby, GS Kraus, WF Rodriguez-Arroyo, A Seufert, SE AF Lohn, JD Linden, DS Hornby, GS Kraus, WF Rodriguez-Arroyo, A Seufert, SE GP IEEE TI Evolutionary design of an X-band antenna for NASA's space technology 5 mission SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lohn, JD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 2313 EP 2316 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1331834 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400582 ER PT B AU Huang, J Moussessian, A AF Huang, J Moussessian, A GP IEEE TI Thin-membrane aperture-coupled L-band patch antenna SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT AB A microstrip line on very thin membrane substrate (0.05mm) is slot-coupled through a thick air substrate (12.7mm) to excite an L-band radiating patch element. It achieved a relatively wide bandwidth of 100 MHz (8%). Very narrow coupling slot is used with aspect ratio of 160 (conventional slot aspect ratio is between 10 to 30). This new feed design makes the thin-membrane or inflatable array antenna technology more practical. It reduces the number of thin-membrane layers required for a dual-pol wide-band inflatable array from three layers in a previous design to two layers. In addition, this technology allows the thin-membrane array antenna elements to be readily integrated with thin-membrane-mounted transmit/receive (T/R) modules. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Huang, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 2388 EP 2391 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1331853 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400601 ER PT B AU Deshpande, MD AF Deshpande, MD GP IEEE TI Analysis of printed antennas embedded in a composite material loaded with lightning protection metallic screen. SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT AB An integral equation method is presented to estimate the electromagnetic performance of a printed antenna embedded in a composite substrate loaded with a metallic screen used for the lightning protection of an aircraft. Expressing the electric surface current density on the metallic screen in appropriate periodic functions and the small local disturbance caused by the printed antenna in terms of discrete basis functions, the integral equations with these currents as unknowns are developed. The unknown currents on the periodic metallic screen and the printed antenna are determined by application of the method of moments. The electromagnetic performance parameters such as the input impedance and radiation patterns of printed antenna are studied. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Deshpande, MD (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 2428 EP 2431 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1331863 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400611 ER PT B AU Imbriale, WA Randolph, JE Embuido, E AF Imbriale, WA Randolph, JE Embuido, E GP IEEE TI The solar probe antenna SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT AB This paper details the design of the antenna intended for use on the Solar Probe Mission. The antenna consists of a Carbon-carbon reflector jointly. used as the antenna and thermal shield and a helical feed using tungsten wire and ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials for the back plate, coaxial cable and waveguide. A complete prototype feed assembly was fabricated and tested. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Imbriale, WA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 3007 EP 3010 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1332011 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400757 ER PT B AU Pogorzelski, RJ AF Pogorzelski, RJ GP IEEE TI Simultaneous far-field and aperture phase measurements of a 25 element coupled oscillator based phased array SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pogorzelski, RJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 4088 EP 4091 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330249 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066401029 ER PT B AU Hodges, RE Zawadzki, M AF Hodges, RE Zawadzki, M GP IEEE TI Design of a large dual polarized Ku band reflectarray for space borne radar altimeter SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hodges, RE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 4356 EP 4359 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330316 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066401096 ER PT J AU Tang, PW Wahid, PF AF Tang, P. W. Wahid, P. F. TI Hexagonal Fractal Multiband Antenna SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fractal multiband antenna; hexagonal fractal multiband antenna; iterated function system; Sierpinski gasket; Sierpinski gasket antenna AB The design of a new fractal multiband antenna based on the hexagon is presented. Three iterations of the hexagonal fractal multiband antenna arranged in the dipole configuration are examined. Experimental results are compared with those obtained using the method of moments and the fractal antenna is found to possess predictable multiband characteristics. C1 [Tang, P. W.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Wahid, P. F.] Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Tang, PW (reprint author), NASA, UB-G2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM Philip.W.Tang@nasa.gov FU NASA Kennedy Space Center FX Manuscript received August 7, 2003. This work has been supported by the NASA Kennedy Space Center Graduate Fellowship Program. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2004 VL 3 BP 111 EP 112 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2004.829989 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA V22HI UT WOS:000208265900030 ER PT J AU Jamnejad, V Hoorfar, A AF Jamnejad, Vahraz Hoorfar, Ahmad TI Design of Corrugated Horn Antennas by Evolutionary Optimization Techniques SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Corrugated horns; evolutionary programming (EP) algorithms; feed horns; optimization techniques; reflector antennas ID GENETIC ALGORITHM OPTIMIZATION AB Corrugated horn antennas are frequently used as the feed elements in reflector antennas for satellite and deep space communications. A particular application is the multi-frequency feed horns for the reflector antennas of the JPL/NASA Deep Space Network (DSN). In this application, it is desirable to design a horn that has a nearly perfect circularly symmetric pattern (i.e., identical E- and H-plane patterns), with zero or low cross-polarization, a specified beam width, and a low return loss at the design frequency range. A parametric study of the corrugated horns, however, shows that the objective function relating the pattern shape, beam width and return loss is a nonlinear function of the corrugation dimensions with many local optima. As a result one has to resort to global optimization techniques, such as evolutionary algorithms, for successful design of such antennas. Here, an evolutionary programming (EP) algorithm is used to optimize the pattern of a corrugated circular horn subject to various constraints on return loss, antenna beam width, pattern circularity, and low cross-polarization. Examples of design synthesis for a few corrugated horns are presented. The results show excellent and efficient optimization of the desired horn parameters. C1 [Jamnejad, Vahraz] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hoorfar, Ahmad] Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Jamnejad, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Vahraz.Jam-nejad@jpl.nasa.gov; hoorfar@ece.vill.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; JPL FX Manuscript received November 20, 2003. This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; The authors would like to thank Dr. F. Manshadi of JPL for the support and helpful suggestions throughout the course of this research. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2004 VL 3 BP 276 EP 279 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2004.836122 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA V22HI UT WOS:000208265900077 ER PT J AU Lester, ED Bearman, G Ponce, A AF Lester, ED Bearman, G Ponce, A TI A second-generation anthrax "smoke detector" SO IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; DIPICOLINIC ACID; TERBIUM DIPICOLINATE; BACTERIAL ENDOSPORES; SPORE DETECTION; IDENTIFICATION; TOXIN; PCR; DNA C1 CALTECH, Dept Bioengn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ponce, A (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ponce@jpl.nasa.gov NR 50 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0739-5175 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIOL JI IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1109/MEMB.2004.1297184 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Engineering; Medical Informatics GA 818AH UT WOS:000221217500018 PM 15154269 ER PT J AU Ai-Chang, M Bresina, J Charest, L Chase, A Hsu, JCJ Jonsson, A Kanefsky, B Morris, P Rajan, K Yglesias, J Chafin, BG Dias, WC Maldague, PF AF Ai-Chang, M Bresina, J Charest, L Chase, A Hsu, JCJ Jonsson, A Kanefsky, B Morris, P Rajan, K Yglesias, J Chafin, BG Dias, WC Maldague, PF TI MAPGEN: Mixed-initiative planning and scheduling for the mars exploration rover mission SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ai-Chang, M (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM maichang@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov; bresina@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov; len.charest@jpl.nasa.gov; ac5p@earthlink.net; jennifer@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov; jonsson@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov; kanef@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov; pmorris@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov; kanna.rajan@nasa.gov; yglesias@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov; brian.chafin@jpl.nasa.gov; william.c.dias@jpl.nasa.gov; pierre.f.maldague@jpl.nasa.gov NR 4 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1094-7167 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 8 EP 12 DI 10.1109/MIS.2004.1265878 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 773BT UT WOS:000188878400004 ER PT J AU Johnston, WE AF Johnston, WE TI Semantic services for grid-based, large-scale science SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 50B-2239, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wejohnston@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1541-1672 EI 1941-1294 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1109/MIS.2004.1265883 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 773BT UT WOS:000188878400009 ER PT B AU Refaat, TF Abedin, MN Sulima, OV Singh, UN Ismail, S AF Refaat, TF Abedin, MN Sulima, OV Singh, UN Ismail, S GP ieee TI Novel infrared phototransistors for atmospheric CO2 profiling at 2 mu m wavelength SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING 2004, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting CY DEC 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc ID ALGAASSB/INGAASSB PHOTOTRANSISTORS AB Two-micron detectors are critical for atmospheric carbon dioxide profiling using the lidar technique. The characterization results of a novel infrared AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb phototransistor are reported. Emitter dark current variation with the collector-emitter voltage at different temperatures is acquired to examine the gain mechanism. Spectral response measurements resulted in responsivity as high as 2650 A/W at 2.05 mum wavelength. Bias voltage and temperature effects on the device responsivity are presented. The detectivity of this device is compared to InGaAs and HgCdTe devices. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Refaat, TF (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Corp, MS 468,Bldg 1202,Rm 243, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8684-1 PY 2004 BP 355 EP 358 DI 10.1109/IEDM.2004.1419155 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBQ55 UT WOS:000227158500080 ER PT J AU Filman, RE AF Filman, RE TI Lessons from system development SO IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Filman, RE (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM filman@computer.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1089-7801 J9 IEEE INTERNET COMPUT JI IEEE Internet Comput. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 8 IS 1 BP 4 EP 6 DI 10.1109/MIC.2004.1273478 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 760QM UT WOS:000187845500001 ER PT J AU Pflug, LA Ioup, GE Ioup, JW AF Pflug, LA Ioup, GE Ioup, JW TI Multichannel moment detectors for transients in shallow-water noise SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE detection; higher order moments; higher order statistics; ship noise; transient signals ID BISPECTRAL ANALYSIS; SIGNALS AB This paper presents an evaluation of second, third, and fourth-order moments for the passive detection of transient signals in both simulated Gaussian noise and measured noise. The measured noise was recorded by a vertical array located near the San Diego, CA, harbor and is dominated at low frequencies by ship-generated noise. The detectors assume neither noise nor signal stationarity and can use single or multiple channels of data. Simulation results indicate that the fourth-order moment detector often performs better than the energy detector in the correlated measured noise, with increasing channel contributions to the moment function, resulting in increased gain. The results in simulated Gaussian noise likewise favor the fourth-order moment detector, at least for the signals with significant fourth-order moments, but the ability of the higher order detector to discriminate against correlated noise is evident. Analysis over a 30-min segment of the measured noise with selected signals demonstrates that fourth-order detection gains can be reliably expected as the noise statistics change. C1 USN, Ocean Acoust Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Pflug, LA (reprint author), USN, Ocean Acoust Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pflug@nrlssc.navy.mil; jioup@uno.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1109/JOE.2003.822976 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 803UO UT WOS:000220256200015 ER PT J AU Harris, JS AF Harris, JS TI Mission-critical development with open source software: Lessons learned SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Article AB Using open source software components in a mission-critical project not only can keep the project within budget but can also result in a more robust and flexible tool. When considering an open source component, prospective users should evaluate the project for several characteristics: maturity, longevity, and flexibility. For greatest benefit, the users should also build and maintain a strong working relationship with the component's developers. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Harris, JS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 264-422, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 3 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 42 EP + DI 10.1109/MS.2004.1259211 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 758JM UT WOS:000187631000011 ER PT J AU Zuffada, C Fung, A Parker, J Okolicanyi, M Huang, E AF Zuffada, C Fung, A Parker, J Okolicanyi, M Huang, E TI Polarization properties of the GPS signal scattered off a wind-driven ocean SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE bistatic scattering from rough surfaces; GPS ocean reflections; scattering calculation with parallel computers ID SEA-SURFACE; BISTATIC SCATTERING; THEORETICAL-MODEL; ALTIMETRY; WAVES; IEM AB A global positioning system (GPS) transmitter-receiver pair form a bistatic radar for ocean remote sensing when the receiving platform carries a downlooking antenna capable of collecting the GPS signal scattered off the ocean surface. The aggregate GPS signal scattered by the ocean and received in a general bistatic configuration has been calculated for representative geometries and a variety of wind speeds and directions, using the integral equation method (IEM) combined with a realistic ocean correlation function (spectrum). The role of polarization of the reflected signal is investigated and its dependence on wind speed and direction is analyzed to assess its suitability as a detector of the wind vector. The complexity of the scattering calculations is handled by an efficient integration scheme based on combining Gaussian quadrature with a local interpolation of the surface correlation function. Additionally, since a large number of scattering contributions are required the code has been parallelized for efficiency. Some relevant features of the parallelization scheme are outlined. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Texas, Wave Scattering Res Ctr, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. RP Zuffada, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Cinzia.Zuffada@jpl.nasa.gov NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 172 EP 188 DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.822438 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 778YQ UT WOS:000189269300021 ER PT J AU Le Vine, DM Abraham, S AF Le Vine, DM Abraham, S TI Galactic noise and passive microwave remote sensing from space at L-band SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE galactic background; microwave radiometry; ocean salinity; remote sensing ID RADIO-CONTINUUM SURVEY; SOIL-MOISTURE; SOUTHERN SKY; 1420 MHZ; SALINITY; OCEAN AB The spectral window at L-band (1.413 GHz) is important for passive remote sensing of soil moisture and ocean salinity from space, parameters that are needed to understand the hydrological cycle and ocean circulation. At this frequency, radiation from celestial (mostly galactic) sources is strong and, unlike the constant cosmic background, this radiation is spatially variable. This paper presents a modern radiometric map of the celestial sky at L-band and a solution for the problem of determining what portion of the sky is seen by a down-looking radiometer in orbit. The data for the radiometric map are derived from recent radio astronomy surveys and are presented as equivalent brightness temperature suitable for remote sensing applications. Examples using orbits and antennas representative of those contemplated for remote sensing of soil moisture and sea surface salinity from space are presented to illustrate the signal levels to be expected. Near the galactic plane, the contribution can exceed several Kelvin. C1 Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Microwave Sensors Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Le Vine, DM (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Microwave Sensors Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM David.M.LeVine@nasa.gov; sabraham@synth.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 24 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.817977 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 768KU UT WOS:000188542800011 ER PT B AU Ellsworth, D Green, B Moran, P AF Ellsworth, D Green, B Moran, P BE Rushmeier, H Rushmeier, H Turk, G VanWijk, JJ TI Interactive terascale particle visualization SO IEEE VISUALIZATION 2004, PROCEEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2004 Conference CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, ATI, Sgi, Sun, Pacific NW Natl Lab, IBM Res, nVIDIA, Kitware, Mitsubishi Elect, ChevronTexaco, Natl Lib Med DE visualization; particle tracing; large data; out-of-core; PC hardware; clusters; computational fluid dynamics AB This paper describes the methods used to produce an interactive visualization of a 2 TB computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data set using particle tracing (streaklines). We use the method introduced by Bruckschen et al. [3] that precomputes a large number. of particles, stores them on disk using a space-filling curve ordering that minimizes seeks. then retrieves and displays the particles according to the user's command. We describe how the particle computation can be performed using a PC cluster, how the algorithm can be adapted to work with a multi-block curvilinear mesh, how scalars can be extracted and used to color the particles, and how the out-of-core visualization can be scaled to 293 billion particles while still achieving interactive performance on PC hardware. Compared to the earlier work. our data set size and total number of particles are an order of magnitude larger. We also describe a new compression technique that losslessly reduces the amount of particle storage by 41% and speeds the particle retrieval by about 20%. C1 Adv Management Technol Inc, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Adv Management Technol Inc, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ellswort@nas.nasa.gov; bgreen@nas.nasa.gov; patrick.j.moran@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8788-0 PY 2004 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.55 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBF24 UT WOS:000225187500045 ER PT B AU Wolfe, R Masek, J Saleous, N Hall, F AF Wolfe, R Masek, J Saleous, N Hall, F GP ieee TI LEDAPS: Mapping north American disturbance from the landsat record SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE component; carbon; ecosystems; Landstat; disturbance; remote sensing; atmospheric correction ID BUDGET AB The Landsat Ecosvstem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) project is creating a record of forest disturbance and regrowth for North America from the Landsat satellite record, in support of the carbon modeling activities. LEDAPS relies on the decadal Landsat GeoCover data set supplemented by dense image time series for selected locations. Imagery is first atmospherically corrected to surface reflectance, and then change detection algorithms are used to extract disturbance area, type, and frequency. Reuse of the MODIS Land processing system (MODAPS) architecture allows rapid throughput of over 1500 MSS, TM, and ETM+ scenes. Initial ("Beta") surface reflectance products are currently available for testing, and initial disturbance products will be available by the end of 2004. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wolfe, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 922-923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900001 ER PT B AU Hunt, LA AF Hunt, LA GP ieee TI MOPITT data and tools available from the a atmospheric sciences data center SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE MOPITT; carbon monooxide; pollution AB The Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument measures carbon monoxide and methane in the troposphere over the entire globe, It was launched onboard the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra satellite in December 1999. MOPITT data products are archived and distributed by the Atmospheric Sciences Data Center (ASDC) at NASA's Langley Research Center. Available MOPITT data products include Level I radiances and Level 2 derived carbon monoxide total column and mixing ratio profiles at a horizontal resolution of about 22 kin at nadir and a vertical resolution of about 4 km. The ASDC also makes available tools that aid in the visualization and analysis of the MOPITT Level 2 data products. The MOPITT L2 Viewer software package plots images from the MOPITT Level 2 data files. Sample read software extracts data from a MOPITT Level 2 HDF-EOS formatted file and outputs the data in ASCII. The software also allows subsetting by latitude and longitude. Detailed information about the MOPITT data products. tools and documentation is available from the ASDC web site. C1 NASA, Langley Atmospher Sci Data Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Hunt, LA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Atmospher Sci Data Ctr, MS 157D,2 S Wright St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 5 EP 7 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900002 ER PT B AU O'Neill, P Njoku, E Chan, T Crow, W Hsu, A Shi, JC AF O'Neill, P Njoku, E Chan, T Crow, W Hsu, A Shi, JC GP ieee TI Comparison of soil moisture retrieval algorithms using simulated HYDROS brightness temperatures SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE soil moisture; HYDROS; retrieval algorithms; microwave radiometery AB The HYDROS mission objective is to collect global scale measurements of the Earth's soil moisture and land surface freeze/thaw conditions, using it combined L band radiometer and radar system operating at 1.41 and 1.26 GHz, respectively. In order to examine how HYDROS soil moisture retrieval will he performed and how the retrieval accuracy will be impacted by Vegetation water content and surface heterogeneity, an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) was conducted using a modeled geophysical domain in the south-central United States centered on the Arkansas-Red River basin for a one-month period in 1994. Three separate radiometer retrieval algorithms were evaluated: (1) a single-channel algorithm (H polarization), (2) a two-channel iterative algorithm, and (3) a two-channel reflectivity ratio algorithm. Analysis indicates that the HYDROS accuracy goal of 4% volumetric soil moisture can be met anywhere in the test basin except woodland areas. Nonlinear scaling of higher resolution ancillary vegetation data can adversely affect algorithm retrieval accuracies, especially in heavy tree areas on the east side of the basin. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP O'Neill, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 974, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 336 EP 339 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900088 ER PT B AU Yueh, SH Wilson, WJ Dinardo, S Hsiao, SV AF Yueh, SH Wilson, WJ Dinardo, S Hsiao, SV GP ieee TI Windsat validation using SeaWinds, windrad and polscat mesaurements SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE sea surface wind; microwave polarimetric radiometer ID SURFACE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; RADIOMETER; DIRECTION AB Global mapping of near surface ocean wind vectors is crucial for many oceanographic and atmospheric studies. The US Navy together with the National Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) launched the WindSat with multi-frequency polarimetric radiometers in January 2003 to demonstrate the passive polarimetry for large spatial coverage of ocean surface wind vector measurements from space. We derived the geophysical model function (GMF) for Windsat polarimetric brightness temperature measurements using six months of matchup dataset. The Windsat GMF was compared with the aircraft radiometer and radar measurements and the SeaWinds scatterometer winds with good agreement up to about 20 m/s wind speed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Yueh, SH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 390 EP 393 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900102 ER PT B AU Rincon, RF Lang, R Meneghini, R Kurum, M Stich, J AF Rincon, RF Lang, R Meneghini, R Kurum, M Stich, J GP ieee TI Forward and backscattering measurements of rainfall using the NASA microwave link SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE microwave link; radar; drop size distribution; reflectivity; rainfall ID RADAR MEASUREMENTS; ATTENUATION AB This paper studies the feasibility of making backscatter measurements front rainfall with the NASA/Microwave Link system at Wallops Island, VA. The research entails the implementation of an FMCW radar at the Link frequencies to enable simultaneous forward and backscatter measurements from rain. The backscatter measurements will be used in conjunction with the forward measurements and the measurements from a ground-based network of disdrometers and rain gauges located under the propagation path to develop new microwave retrieval techniques, and to test established single-frequency and dual-frequency radar retrieval algorithms relevant to the ongoing TRMM and up coming GPM missions. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Rincon, RF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 432 EP 435 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900113 ER PT B AU Chen, CW AF Chen, CW GP ieee TI Mitigation of tropospheric InSAR phase artifacts through differential multisquint processing SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB We propose a technique for mitigating tropospheric phase errors in repeat-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). The mitigation technique is based upon the acquisition of multisquint IuSAR data. On each satellite, pass over a target area, the radar instrument will acquire images from multiple squint (azimuth) angles. from which multiple interferograms can be formed. The diversity of viewing angles associated with the multisquint acquisition can be used to solve for two components of the 3-D surface displacement vector as well as for the differential tropospheric phase. We describe a model for the performance of the multisquint technique, and we present an assessment of the performance expected. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chen, CW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 485 EP 488 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900127 ER PT S AU Haines, B Bonnefond, P Watson, C Born, G Coleman, R Exertier, P Gill, S Jan, G Jeansou, E Laurain, O White, N AF Haines, B Bonnefond, P Watson, C Born, G Coleman, R Exertier, P Gill, S Jan, G Jeansou, E Laurain, O White, N GP ieee TI Continuous monitoring of the Jason-1 and TOPEX/POSEIDON ocean altimetry missions from dedicated calibration sites SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; ORBIT DETERMINATION; BASS STRAIT; TOPEX; PERFORMANCE; AUSTRALIA; LEVEL AB We present calibration results from Jason-1 and TOPEX/POSEIDON overflights of the three dedicated verification sites: 1) a California offshore (oil platform (Harvest); 2) the Mediterranean island of Corsica (Cape Senetosa), and 3) the Bass Strait (off the coast of Tasmania. The high-accuracy of the Jason-1 measurement system is evident in the results from the dedicated calibration experiments. These experiments do indicate, however, that the Jason-1 sea-surface-height (SSH) measurements are biased high by approximately 12-15 cm. We discuss the implications of geographically correlated errors (in the determination of the SSH bias. C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RI Coleman, Richard/H-4425-2012; Watson, Christopher/D-4707-2013; OI Coleman, Richard/0000-0002-9731-7498; Watson, Christopher/0000-0002-7464-4592 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 656 EP 659 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900172 ER PT B AU Case, KE Bingham, AW Berwin, RW Rigor, EM Raskin, RG AF Case, KE Bingham, AW Berwin, RW Rigor, EM Raskin, RG GP ieee TI Ocean surface topography data products and tools SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE altimetry; near-real-time; sea surface height; TOPEX/Poseidon; Jason-1; operational oceanography AB The Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archiving Center (PO.DAAC), NASA's primary data center for archiving and distributing oceanographic data, is supporting the Jason and TOPEX/Poseidon satellite tandem missions by providing a variety of data products, tools, and distribution methods to the wider scientific and general community. PO.DAAC has developed several new data products for sea level residual measurements, providing a long term climate data record from 1992 to the present. These products provide compatible measurements of sea level residuals for the entire time series including the tandem TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason mission. Several data distribution tools are available from NASA PO.DAAC. The Near-Real-Time Image Distribution Server (NEREIDS) pro,,ides quick-look browse images and binary data riles. The PO.DAAC Ocean ESIP Tool (POET) provides interactive, on-line data subsetting and visualization for several altimetry data products. C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Case, KE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 660 EP 662 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900173 ER PT B AU Srinivasan, M Leben, R AF Srinivasan, M Leben, R GP ieee TI Societal benefits of ocean altimetry data SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE altimetry; applications; ocean surface topography; sea surface height; TOPEV/Poseidon; Jason-1; operational oceanography AB The NASA/CNES Jason satellite, follow-on to the highly successful TOPEX/Poseidon mission, continues to provide oceanographers and marine operators across the globe with a continuous twelve-year, high quality stream of sea surface height data. The mission is expected to extend through 2007, when the NASA/NOAA/CNES follow-on mission, OSTM, will be launched with the wide-swath ocean altimeter on board. This unprecedented resource of valuable ocean data is being used to map sea surface height, geostrophic velocity, significant wave height, and wind speed over the global oceans. Altimeter data products are currently used by hundreds of researchers, and operational users to monitor ocean circulation and improve our understanding of the role of the oceans in climate and weather. Ocean altimeter data has many societal benefits and has proven invaluable in many practical applications including; Ocean forecasting systems, Climate research and forecasting, Ship routing, Precision marine operations such as cable-laying and oil production, Fisheries management, Marine mammal habitat monitoring, Hurricane forecasting and tracking, Debris tracking The data has been cited in nearly 2,000 research and popular articles since the launch of TOPEX/Poseidon in 1992, and almost 200 scientific users receive the global coverage altimeter data on a monthly basis. In addition to the scientific and operational uses of the data, the educational community has seized the unique concepts highlighted by these altimeter missions as a resource for teaching ocean science to students from grade school through college. This presentation will highlight societal benefits of ocean altimetry data in the areas of climate studies, marine operations, marine research, and non-ocean investigations. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Srinivasan, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 663 EP 665 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900174 ER PT B AU Hlavka, DL Hart, WD Palm, SP McGill, MJ Spinhirne, JD AF Hlavka, DL Hart, WD Palm, SP McGill, MJ Spinhirne, JD GP ieee TI Initial validation and results of geoscience laser altimeter system optical properties retrievals SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB In this presentation, we will show results from intercomparison case studies of Cloud Physics Lidar under-flights of GLAS orbit tracks during, the GLAS Validation Experiment in October 2003. Compared products include Rayleigh backscatter profiles, calibrated attenuated backscatter, layer identification optical depth, extinction, and backscatter cross section. We will show examples of GLAS operational optical data products. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hlavka, DL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Code 912, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI McGill, Matthew/D-8176-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 672 EP 675 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900177 ER PT B AU Novo-Gradac, AM Heaps, W Singh, U AF Novo-Gradac, AM Heaps, W Singh, U GP ieee TI An overview of NASA's laser risk reduction program SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB Over the years, lasers have proven themselves to be invaluable to it variety of remote sensing applications. LIDAR techniques have been used to measure atmospheric aerosols and a variety of trace species, profile winds, and develop high resolution topographical maps. In many cases, it would be of great advantage to make these measurements from an orbiting satellite. Unfortunately, the space environment is a challenging one for the high potter lasers that would enable many LIDAR missions. Optical mounts must maintain precision alignment during and after launch. Outgassing materials in the vacuum of space lead to contamination of laser optics. Electronic components and optical materials must survive the space environment, including it vacuum atmosphere, thermal cycling, and radiation exposure. Laser designs must be lightweight, compact, and energy efficient. Many LIDAR applications require frequency conversion systems that have never been designed or tested for use in space. The National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) has undertaken a program specifically directed at addressing the durability and Iona term reliability issues that face space-borne lasers. The effort is shared between NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. We will give an overview of the issues facing space-borne lasers and the efforts that these two centers are pursuing to address them. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electroopt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Novo-Gradac, AM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser & Electroopt Branch, 554-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 679 EP 682 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900179 ER PT B AU Rincon, RF Hildebrand, P Hilliard, L Mead, J AF Rincon, RF Hildebrand, P Hilliard, L Mead, J GP ieee TI NASA's L-band imaging scatterometer SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The L-Band Imaging Scatterometer (LIS) is an airborne radar developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center which combines electronic beam steering and diaital beamformino allowing the implementation of different scanning techniques. The LIS efforts are part of the RadSTAR initiative intended to develop the technology that will enable a combined radar/radiometer system that jointly uses a single, dual frequency antenna with cross-track scanning, capabilities, but no moving parts. The new technology, is-ill enable single aperture measurements of important Earth Science Enterprise climate applications such as ocean salinity, soil moisture, sea ice, and surface water among others. The LIS instrument will be flown along with existing NASA Synthetic Thinned Array Radiometers (STAR) in order to prove the concept of co-registered data and to provide a prototype for a spaceborne. single aperture radar/radiometer system. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rincon, RF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 683 EP 686 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900180 ER PT B AU Fischman, MA Le, C AF Fischman, MA Le, C GP ieee TI Digital beamforming developments for the joint NASA Air Force Space Based Radar SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The Space Based Radar (SBR) program includes a joint technology demonstration between NASA and the Air Force to design a low-earth orbiting, 2x50 m L-band (1.26 GHz) radar system for Earth science and intelligence-related observations. A key subsystem aboard SBR is the electronically-steerable digital beamformer (DBF) network that interfaces between 32 smaller sub-antenna panels in the array and the on-board processing electronics for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Moving Target Indication (MTI). In this paper, we describe the development of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based DBF processor for handling the computationally intensive inner-product operations for wideband, coherent beamforming across the 50 in length of the array. The core functions of the DBF-the CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer) phase shifters and combiners-have been designed in the Verilog HDL (hardware description language) and implemented onto a high-density Xilinx Virtex II FPGA. This design achieves real-time processing at an input data rate of 25.6 Gbit/s. Tests with an antenna array simulator demonstrate that the beamformer performance metrics (0.07degrees rms phase precision per channel, 35.2 dB peak sidelobe level) will meet the system-level requirements for SAR and MTI operating modes. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fischman, MA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci & Engn Sect, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 687 EP 690 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900181 ER PT B AU Spencer, MW Njoku, E Entekhabi, D Doiron, T Piepmeier, J Girard, R AF Spencer, MW Njoku, E Entekhabi, D Doiron, T Piepmeier, J Girard, R GP ieee TI The HYDROS radiometer/radar instrument SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The science objectives of the Hydrosphere State Mission (HYDROS) are to. provide frequent, global measurements of surface soil moisture and surface freeze/thaw state. In order to adequately measure these geophysical quantities, the key instrument requirements were determined by the HYDROS science team to be: 1) Dual-polarization L-Band radiometer measurements at 40 km resolution, 2) Dual-polarization L-Band radar measurements at 3 kin resolution, and 3) A wide swath to insure global three-day refresh time for these measurements (1000 kin swath at the selected orbit attitude of 670 km). As an optimal solution to this set of instrument requirements, a relatively large, 6-meter, conically-scanning reflector antenna architecture was selected for the instrument design. The deployable mesh antenna is shared by both the radiometer and radar instruments by using a single L-Band feed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Spencer, MW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 691 EP 694 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900182 ER PT B AU Ranson, KJ Sun, G Kovacs, K Kharuk, VI AF Ranson, KJ Sun, G Kovacs, K Kharuk, VI GP ieee TI Landcover attributes from ICESat GLAS data in central Siberia SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; BASAL AREA; BIOMASS; FORESTS; VOLUME AB NASA's ICESat Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) was launched in January 2003 and collected lidar data during February and September of that year. Lidar is a laser altimeter that measures the distance from the instrument to the surface by measuring the time elapsed between the pulse emission and the reflected return. The returned signal may identify multiple returns originating from trees, buildings and other objects and permits the calculation of their height. Sampling the returns at discrete time intervals enables backscatter profiles to be constructed. Lidar data can provide estimates of other structural parameters Such as biomass, stand volume and leaf area. This study used GLAS data acquired over our study sites in central Siberia to examine the signal as a source of information of forest stand characteristics. Example lidar profiles are presented and preliminary analysis is described. The results indicate that GLAS profile information may be useful for understanding MODIS landcover classes. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Ranson, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD USA. RI Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012 OI Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 753 EP 756 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900198 ER PT B AU Pellerano, FA Horgan, KA Wilson, WJ Tanner, AB AF Pellerano, FA Horgan, KA Wilson, WJ Tanner, AB GP ieee TI Development of a high-stability micro strip-based L-band radiometer for ocean salinity measurements SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE microwave radiometer; microwave radiometer; noise injection radiometer; stability AB The development of a microstrip-based L-band Dicke radiometer with the long-term stability required for future ocean salinity measurements to an accuracy of 0.1 psu is presented. This measurement requires the L-band radiometers to have calibration stabilities of less than or equal to 0.05 K over 2 days. This research has focused on determining the optimum radiometer requirements and configuration to achieve this objective. System configuration and component performance have been evaluated with radiometer test beds at both JPL and GSFC. The GSFC testbed uses a cryogenic chamber that allows long-term characterization at radiometric temperatures in the range of 70 - 120 K. The research has addressed several areas including component characterization as a function of temperature and DC bias, system linearity, optimum noise diode injection calibration, and precision temperature control of components. A breadboard radiometer, utilizing microstrip-based technologies, has been built to demonstrate this long-term stability. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Pellerano, FA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 774 EP 776 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900203 ER PT B AU Lambrigtsen, B Wilson, W Tanner, A Gaier, T Ruf, C Piepmeier, J AF Lambrigtsen, B Wilson, W Tanner, A Gaier, T Ruf, C Piepmeier, J GP ieee TI GeoSTAR - A microwave sounder for geostationary satellites SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB GeoSTAR represents a new approach to inicrowave atmospheric sounding that is now under development. It has capabilities similar to sensors currently operating on low earth orbiting weather satellites but is intended for deployment in geostationary orbit - where it will complement future infrared sounders and enable all-weather temperature and humidity soundings and rain mapping. The required spatial resolution of 50 kin or better dictates an aperture of 4 meters or more at a sounding frequency of 50 GHz. which is difficult to achieve with a real aperture system - this is the reason why it has until now not been possible to put a microwave sounder on a geostationary platform. GeoSTAR is instead based on a synthetic aperture imaging approach. Among the advantages of such a system are that there are no moving parts, and the size of the aperture is easily expandable to meet future needs. A ground based prototype of GeoSTAR is currently under development in an effort led by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lambrigtsen, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 777 EP 780 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900204 ER PT B AU Wilson, WJ Tanner, AB Lambrigtsen, BH Doiron, TA Piepmeier, JR Ruf, CS AF Wilson, WJ Tanner, AB Lambrigtsen, BH Doiron, TA Piepmeier, JR Ruf, CS GP ieee TI STAR concept for passive microwave temperature sounding from Middle Earth Orbit (MeoSTAR) SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE microwave radiometers; atmospheric sounding AB A future mission for a new microwave atmospheric temperature sounder radiometer in a Middle Earth Orbit (MEO) at 11,000 km altitude is described. The MeoSTAR design uses a stationary 1-dimensional Synthetic Thinned Array Radiometer in the 56-60 GHz microwave sounding band, to provide a "Pushbroom" image as the satellite orbits. The advantage of this concept is an image with a high spatial resolution and a wide swath with no scanning antenna to disturb the visual and IR sensors on the same satellite. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Wilson, WJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 789 EP 790 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900207 ER PT B AU Kim, Y van Zyl, J AF Kim, Y van Zyl, J GP ieee TI Vegetation effects on soil moisture estimation SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID RADAR; MODEL AB Several successful algorithms have been developed to estimate soil moisture of bare surfaces. We previously reported a new algorithm using the tilted Bragg approximation. However. these algorithms are only applicable to bare surfaces. When vegetation is present. Soil moisture is typically underestimated by bare surface algorithms. In order to derive soil moisture under vegetation. we have to understand the complex scattering process due to vegetation. Our main interest is to retrieve the global soil moisture information using Hydros L-band polarimetric radar data. The Hydros mission will provide the first global view of land soil moisture using L-band radar and radiometer. The unique characteristics of the Hydros data are the availability of the low resolution soil moisture information from radiometer data and the continuous time series radar data collected at the same incidence angle. In this paper. we will examine a potential inversion algorithm to retrieve soil moisture under vegetation canopies using Hydros L-band polarimetric radar data. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 800 EP 802 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900211 ER PT B AU Vandemark, D Drennan, WM Sun, J French, JR Graber, H AF Vandemark, D Drennan, WM Sun, J French, JR Graber, H GP ieee TI Examining wind stress and wind waves in the presence of swell SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB A case study of the air-sea drag coefficient as measured off the coast of North Carolina using a low-flying aircraft suggests that the presence of following wind swell was associated with low drag values. Shorter wave slope variance at the m and cm-scale was also depressed for these moderate wind cases. The results here are not conclusive but are consistent with recent results showing some impact of the swell and that following-wind swell is associated with the lowest drag coefficient levels. C1 GSF, NASA, Lab Hydrospher Prc, Wallops Isl, VA USA. RP Vandemark, D (reprint author), GSF, NASA, Lab Hydrospher Prc, Wallops Isl, VA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 853 EP 856 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900225 ER PT B AU Flaming, GM AF Flaming, GM GP ieee TI Measurement of global precipitation SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Program is an international cooperative effort whose objectives are to (a) obtain increased understanding of clouds and rainfall processes, and (b) make frequent rainfall measurements on a global basis. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Japanese Aviation Exploration Agency have entered into a cooperative agreement for the formulation and development of GPM. This agreement is a continuation of the partnership that developed the highly successful Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). NASA has taken lead responsibility for the planning and formulation of GPM. Key elements of the Program are discussed in this paper. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Flaming, GM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 420-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 918 EP 920 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900243 ER PT B AU Bidwell, SW Durning, JF Everett, DF Schwaller, MR Smith, EA Wolff, DB AF Bidwell, SW Durning, JF Everett, DF Schwaller, MR Smith, EA Wolff, DB GP ieee TI Preparations for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) ground validation SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) program is an international partnership led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). GPM will improve climate, weather, and hydro-meteorological forecasts through more frequent and more accurate measurement of precipitation across the globe. This paper describes the concept and the preparations for ground validation within the GPM program. Ground validation (GV) plays a critical role in the program by investigating and quantitatively assessing the errors within the satellite retrievals. These quantitative estimates of retrieval errors will assist the scientific community by bounding the errors within their research products. The two fundamental requirements of the GPM ground validation program are: (1) error characterization of the precipitation retrievals and (2) continual improvement of the satellite retrieval algorithms. These two driving requirements determine the measurements, instrumentation, and location for around observations. This paper describes GV plans for estimating the systematic and random components of retrieval error and for characterizing the spatial and temporal structure of the error. This paper describes the GPM program for algorithm improvement in which error models are developed and experimentally explored to uncover the physical causes of errors within the retrievals. GPM will ensure that information gained through ground validation is applied to future improvements in the space-borne retrieval algorithms. This paper discusses the potential locations for Validation measurement and research, the anticipated contributions of GPM's international partners, and the interaction of around validation with other GPM program elements. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bidwell, SW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 921 EP 924 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900244 ER PT B AU Duda, JL Mulligan, J Valenti, J Wenkel, M AF Duda, JL Mulligan, J Valenti, J Wenkel, M GP ieee TI Capabilities fo SafetyNet (TM) (SN) ground systems architecture for the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The "SafetyNet(TM)" ground system architecture for the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) will provide low data latency and high data availability to its customers. The NPOESS will cut the time between observation and delivery, by a factor of four when compared with today's space-based weather systems, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) and NOAA's Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). SafetyNet(TM) will be a key element of the NPOESS architecture, delivering near real-time data over commercial telecommunications networks. Scattered around the globe, the 15 unmanned around receivers are linked by fiber-optic systems to four central data processing centers in the U. S. known as Weather Centrals. The Centrals are operated by the National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service; Air Force Weather Agency; Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center, and the Naval Oceanographic Office. In addition, this around system architecture will have unused capacity attendant with an infrastructure that can accommodate additional users. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Integrated Program Off, Flight Programs & Project Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Duda, JL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Integrated Program Off, Flight Programs & Project Directorate, Code 402, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1045 EP 1048 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900276 ER PT B AU Habib, S Policelli, FS Zanoni, VM AF Habib, S Policelli, FS Zanoni, VM GP ieee TI Harnessing systems engineering methodology in using earth science research data for real applications SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB For the last three decades, Earth science remote sensing technologies have been providing an enormous amount of useful data and information serving to broaden our understanding of the home planet as a system. NASA's Earth science program has deployed about 18 complex satellites and is in the process of defining and launching multiple observing systems in this decade. At the same time, the European Community and many other countries such as Russia, France, India, Japan, and China have also significantly, contributed to Earth science research. To date, the majority of such efforts have concentrated on expanding our scientific understanding of the multiple nonlinear and chaotic processes of Earth's behavior. In recent years legislators and stakeholders have put serious pressure on the science community to devote more attention to making use of scientific results for societal benefit. For instance, there are a number of areas such as energy forecasting, aviation safety, agricultural efficiency, disaster management, air quality and public health that can directly take advantage of Earth science results to analyze and predict large scale problems and conditions. This is becoming even more important now that we live in a global economy interconnected via the internet and transportation systems; regional environmental conditions can have far reaching impact across continental boundaries. These factors dictate requirements for global data that can help us assess and control the devastating problems of famine, water resources, wildfires, human health and more. To do this requires a serious, organized, and systematic approach that transfers fundamental research products to the applied sciences domain. This paper presents a systems engineering and management process that can effectively make such transfer of data to the user community. Examples are presented on how the above decision making framework can help in solving critical problems such as the spread of vector borne diseases, forecasts of harmful algal blooms as well as forest fires and wildfires, and the intercontinental transport of dust storms and pollution. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Habib, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1107 EP 1109 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900292 ER PT B AU Ichoku, C Kaufman, YJ Hao, WM Habib, S AF Ichoku, C Kaufman, YJ Hao, WM Habib, S GP ieee TI Application of MODIS-derived active fire radiative energy to fire disaster and smoke pollution monitoring SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The radiative energy emitted by large fires and the corresponding smoke aerosol loading are simultaneously measured from the MODIS sensor from both the Terra and Aqua satellites. Quantitative relationships between the rates of emission of fire radiative energy and smoke are being developed for different fire-prone regions of the globe. Preliminary results are presented. When fully developed, the system will enable the use of MODIS direct broadcast fire data for near real-time monitoring of fire strength and smoke emission as well as forecasting of fire progression and smoke dispersion, several hours to a few days in advance. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ichoku, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Code 913, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Ichoku, Charles/E-1857-2012 OI Ichoku, Charles/0000-0003-3244-4549 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1113 EP 1115 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900294 ER PT B AU Irons, JR Ochs, WR AF Irons, JR Ochs, WR GP ieee TI Status of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE Landsat; future missions AB A new strategy has emerged for continuing the acquisition of Landsat data beyond the mission life of Landsat 7. An initial effort to extend the Landsat program through a commercial data procurement was ended in late 2003. An interagency working group has since convened and recommended merging the Landsat program into the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). The strategy would place a Landsat sensor, called the Operational Land Imager (OLI), on an NPOESS satellite in time for the late 2009 launch of the first satellite in the NPOESS constellation. An earlier "gap-filler" mission is also under consideration due to the age and condition of Landsat 5 and 7. The recommended merger would place the next Landsat mission, called the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), into a stable operational environment while enhancing the land observation capabilities and services of the NPOESS. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Landsat Data Continu Miss, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Irons, JR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Landsat Data Continu Miss, Greenbelt, MD USA. RI Irons, James/D-8535-2012 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1183 EP 1185 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900312 ER PT B AU Tanner, AB Wilson, WJ Kangaslahti, PP Lambrigsten, BH Dinardo, SJ Piepmeier, JR Ruf, CS Rogacki, S Gross, SM Musko, S AF Tanner, AB Wilson, WJ Kangaslahti, PP Lambrigsten, BH Dinardo, SJ Piepmeier, JR Ruf, CS Rogacki, S Gross, SM Musko, S GP ieee TI Prototype development of a geostationary synthetic thinned aperture radiometer, GeoSTAR SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB Preliminary details of a 2-D synthetic aperture radiometer prototype operating from 50 to 55 GHz will be presented. The laboratory prototype is being developed to demonstrate the technologies and system design needed to do millimeter-wave atmospheric soundings with high spatial resolution from Geostationary orbit. The concept is to deploy a large thinned aperture Y-array on a geostationary satellite, and to use aperture synthesis to obtain images of the Earth without the need for a large mechanically scanned antenna. The laboratory prototype consists of a Y-array of 24 horn antennas, MMIC receivers, and a digital cross-correlation sub-system. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tanner, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1256 EP 1259 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900330 ER PT B AU Le Vine, DM Haken, M Swift, CT AF Le Vine, DM Haken, M Swift, CT GP ieee TI Development of the synthetic aperture radiometer ESTAR and the next generation SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE microwave; remote sensing; passive; L-band; aperture synthesis ID MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; SOIL-MOISTURE AB ESTAR is a research instrument built to develop the technology of aperture synthesis for passive remote sensing of Earth from space. Aperture synthesis is an interferometric technology that addresses the problem of putting large antenna apertures in space to achieve the spatial resolution needed for remote sensing at long wavelengths. ESTAR was a first step (synthesis only across track and only at horizontal polarization). The development has progressed to a new generation instrument that is dual polarized and does aperture synthesis in two dimensions. Among, the plans for the future is technology to combine active and passive remote sensing. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Le Vine, DM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1260 EP 1263 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900331 ER PT B AU Hall, DK Foster, JL Robinson, DA Riggs, GA AF Hall, DK Foster, JL Robinson, DA Riggs, GA GP ieee TI Merging the MODIS and RUCL monthly snowcover records SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID SNOW COVER VARIABILITY; EXTENT AB Monthly time series from two satellite snow-cover records are merged to study the construction of climate-data record for the Northern Hemisphere, and its limitations. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oceans & Ice Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hall, DK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oceans & Ice Branch, Code 971, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1318 EP 1321 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900346 ER PT B AU Nghiem, SV AF Nghiem, SV GP ieee TI Observations of arctic enviromnental change SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB This overview paper presents recent observations of anomalous change in Arctic environment using satellite scatterometer data together with in-situ and field measurements over land, snow, sea ice, and Greenland ice sheet. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nghiem, SV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 300-235,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1322 EP 1322 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900347 ER PT B AU Yueh, SH AF Yueh, SH GP ieee TI Microwave remote sensing modeling of ocean surface salinity and winds using an empirical sea surface spectrum SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE sea surface spectrum; microwave radiometer; scatterometer ID BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; SCATTERING; WAVES; BAND AB Active and passive microwave remote sensing techniques have been investigated for the remote sensing of ocean surface wind and salinity. We revised an ocean surface spectrum using the CMOD-5 geophysical model function (GMF) for the European Remote Sensing (ERS) C-band scatterometer and the Ku-band GMF for the NASA SeaWinds scatterometer. The predictions of microwave brightness temperatures from this model agree well with satellite, aircraft and tower-based microwave radiometer data. This suggests that the impact of surface roughness on microwave brightness temperatures and radar scattering coefficients of sea surfaces can be consistently characterized by a roughness spectrum, providing physical basis for using combined active and passive remote sensing techniques for ocean surface wind and salinity remote sensing. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Yueh, SH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1358 EP 1361 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900357 ER PT B AU Jackson, GS AF Jackson, GS GP ieee TI Brightness temperature sensitivity to variations in solid precipitation cloud profiles SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE precipitation; millimeter-wave; retrievals AB In the past few years, solid precipitation detection and retrievals have been developed and shown to be applicable for snowing, clouds and blizzards. All of the algorithms require the use of millimeter-wave radiometer observations. This investigation probes the sensitivity of computed brightness temperatures resulting from variations in solid precipitation cloud profiles. Variations include: (1) changing the snowfall rates from heavy to medium to low, (2) solid precipitation melting just before landfall, and (3) evaporation (virga) prior to landfall. The results show that the 89 and 150 GHz channel are primarily sensitive to low altitude changes, such as melting or evaporation near the land surface. Some of the the 183 GHz channels are sensitive to the amount of the snow and to the water vapor in the cloud profile, with the 183+/-1 GHz sensing only the upper portions of the cloud, while the 183+/-7 GHz channel probes deeper into the snow cloud. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Microwave Sensors Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Jackson, GS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Microwave Sensors Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1378 EP 1381 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900362 ER PT B AU Wang, JR Racette, P Lu, GS AF Wang, JR Racette, P Lu, GS GP ieee TI Remote measurements of snowfalls in Wakasa Bay, Japan with airborne millimeter-wave Imaging radiometer and cloud radar SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE snowfall; millimeter-wave remote sensing ID ATMOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; PRECIPITATION; RETRIEVALS; OCEAN; MIR AB Results of concurrent airborne measurements of snowfalls with the Millimetei-wave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) and the Airborne Cloud Radar (ACR) are reported in this paper. The measurements were obtained during January-February 2003 in a field experiment in Wakasa Bay, Japan. The MIR is an imaging radiometer that measures radiation at seven channels between 89 GHz and 340 GHz. The ACR operates at 94 GHz and provides nadir-viewing radar reflectivity profiles with very good accuracy. Three days of snowfall events were observed during this field deployment. It was found that the MIR brightness temperature depressions at the frequencies of 183.3+/-1, 183.3+/-3, 183.3+/-7, and 340 GHz strongly correlate with the ACR reflectivity profiles during these snow events. Radiometric signatures from the remaining less opaque channels of the MIR (89, 150 and 220 GHz) showed ambiguity in snowfall detection due to variation in surface emissivities. An attempt to retrieve the ice water path and the median mass equivalent sphere diameter of the snowfalls will he described and results discussed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, JR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1386 EP 1389 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900364 ER PT B AU Le Moigne, J Morisette, J Cole-Rhodes, A Johnson, K Netanyahu, NS Eastman, R Stone, H Zavorin, I Jain, P AF Le Moigne, J Morisette, J Cole-Rhodes, A Johnson, K Netanyahu, NS Eastman, R Stone, H Zavorin, I Jain, P GP ieee TI A study of the sensitivity of automatic image registration algorithms to initial conditions SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB While automatic image registration algorithms are usually being evaluated with regards to their accuracy, it is often useful to relate this accuracy to the "initial conditions", i.e., the distance between the initial navigation geolocation and the correct result. In this paper, we describe a modular framework that was built to describe registration algorithms, and we utilize this framework to attempt to classify different registration components and algorithms in terms of their responses to the initial conditions. Performances will be evaluated on synthetic data, multi-temporal and multi-sensor data. All results of the study will be presented at the conference and will he useful for two different purposes: (1) provide automatic quality assessment of the geo-location of remote sensing data by performing inter-algorithm consistency studies; and (2) be the foundations for the design of future on-board applications including planetary exploration. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Appl Informat Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Le Moigne, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Appl Informat Sci Branch, Code 935, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1390 EP 1393 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900365 ER PT B AU Tedesco, M Kim, EJ Cline, D Graf, T Koike, T Armstrong, R Brodzik, M Stankov, B Gasiewski, A Klein, M AF Tedesco, M Kim, EJ Cline, D Graf, T Koike, T Armstrong, R Brodzik, M Stankov, B Gasiewski, A Klein, M GP ieee TI Exploring scaling issues by using NASA cold land processes experiment (CLPX-1, IOP3) radiometric data SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE snow; microwave remote sensing; scaling issue ID SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; RETRIEVAL; DEPTH AB The NASA Cold-land Processes Field Experiment-1 (CLPX-1) involved several instruments in order to acquire data at different spatial resolutions. Indeed, one of the main tasks of CLPX-1 was to explore scaling issues associated with microwave remote sensing of snowpacks. To achieve this task, microwave brightness temperatures collected at 18.7, 36.5, and 89 GHz at LSOS test site by means of the University of Tokyo's Ground Based Microwave Radiometer-7 (GBMR-7) were compared with brightness temperatures recorded by the NOAA Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR/A) and by SSM/I and AMSR-E radiometers. Differences between different scales observations were observed and they may be due to the topography of the terrain and to observed footprints. In the case of satellite and airborne data, indeed, it is necessary to consider the heterogeneity of the terrain and the presence of trees inside the observed scene becomes a very important factor. Also when comparing data acquired only by. the two satellites, differences were found. Different acquisition times and footprint positions, together with different calibration and validation procedures, can be responsible for the observed differences. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cold Land Proc Working Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tedesco, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cold Land Proc Working Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1657 EP 1660 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900433 ER PT B AU Piepmeier, JR AF Piepmeier, JR GP ieee TI Radio frequency interference (RFI) in digital microwave radiometers SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID CORRELATORS; QUANTIZATION AB Here we developed a model for determining the effects of narrow-band RFI on low resolution digital correlators. Low resolution correlators rely on a theoretical inversion to obtain the input correlation coefficient from the digital output. This inversion is based on the Gaussian statistics of the input signals. In the presence of narrow-band interference, the statistics are not Gaussian and the theoretical inversion is no longer valid. The result is an error in the correlator output. We studied this phenomena for tour correlator resolutions: 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 bits. The errors are significant for 1, 1.5, and 2-bit systems. We found in the presence of relatively strong interference (INR greater than or equal to 0 dB) the errors can be ten's of percent. The error reduces to less than 0.03% for INR < -16 dB. For the four-bit correlators, the errors are less than 0.03% for all cases studied. The error is also nonlinearly dependent upon input correlation coefficient. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Microwave Instrument Technol Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Piepmeier, JR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Microwave Instrument Technol Branch, Code 555, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1691 EP 1694 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900441 ER PT B AU Smith, JA AF Smith, JA GP ieee TI Simulation of avifauna distributions using remote sensing SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE bird distribution; species richness; avian energetics; biophyscial modeling ID ENERGY AB We explore the fundamental idea that thermal and water-relation environments of birds, as estimated from satellite data and biophysical models, can define the constraints on their occurrences and richness. From experimental observations we know that species richness tends to track biological or environmental gradients. We develop individual bird energy budget models, driven by satellite data, and use these models to define the climate space niche of birds and their distributions across the geographic landscape. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1813 EP 1814 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900472 ER PT S AU Le Vine, DM Abraham, S Kerr, YH Wilson, WJ Skou, N Sobjaerg, S AF Le Vine, DM Abraham, S Kerr, YH Wilson, WJ Skou, N Sobjaerg, S GP ieee TI Comparison of measured galactic background radiation at L-band with model SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE galactic background; microwave radiometery; remote sensing ID SALINITY AB Radiation from the celestial sky in the spectral window at 1.413 GHz is strong and an accurate accounting of this background radiation is needed for calibration and retrieval algorithms. Modern radio astronomy measurements in this window have been converted into a brightness temperature map of the celestial sky at L-hand suitable for such applications. This paper presents a comparison of the background predicted by this map with the measurements of several modern L-band remote sensing radiometers. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM David.M.LeVine@nasa.gov; Yann.Kerr@cesbio.cnes.fr; William.J.Wilson@jpl.nasa.gov; ns@oersted.dtu.dk NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1930 EP 1932 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900504 ER PT B AU Ranson, KJ Sun, G Kovacs, K Kharuk, VI AF Ranson, KJ Sun, G Kovacs, K Kharuk, VI GP ieee TI Use of ICESat GLAS data for forest disturbance studies in central Siberia SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; VOLUME AB Lidar is a laser altimeter that determines the distance from the instrument to the physical surface by measuring the time elapsed between the Pulse emission and the reflected return. The returned signal may identify multiple returns originating from trees. building and other objects and permits the calculation of their height. Studies using field data have shown that lidar data can provide estimates of structural parameters such as biomass, stand volume and leaf area index. NASA's ICESat Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) was launched in January 2003 and collected data during February and September of that year. This study used GLAS data acquired over Our study sites in central Siberia to examine the returned signal as a source of information about fire and insect damaged forest stands. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ranson, KJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012 OI Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1936 EP 1939 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900506 ER PT B AU Rall, JAR Knox, RG AF Rall, JAR Knox, RG GP ieee TI Spectral ratio biospheric lidar SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB A new active vegetation index measurement technique has been developed and demonstrated using low power laser diodes to make horizontal-path lidar measurements of nearby deciduous foliage. The two wavelength laser transmitter operates within and adjacent to the 680 nm absorption feature exhibited by all chlorophyll containing vegetation. Measurements front early October through late November 2003 are presented and the results are discussed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Rall, JAR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Code 924, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Knox, Robert/E-9657-2011 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1951 EP 1954 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900510 ER PT B AU Berrick, S Leptoukh, G Liu, Z Pham, L Rui, H Shen, S Teng, W Zhu, T AF Berrick, S Leptoukh, G Liu, Z Pham, L Rui, H Shen, S Teng, W Zhu, T GP ieee TI Multi-sensor distributive on-line processing, visualization and analysis system SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE distributed data analysis; data visualization; Web applications; online AB The ability to use data stored in the current Earth Observing System (EOS) archives for studying regional or global phenomena is highly dependent on having a detailed understanding of the data's internal structure and physical implementation. Gaining this understanding and applying it to data reduction is a time-consuming task that must be undertaken before the core investigation can begin. This is an especially difficult challenge when science objectives require users to deal with large multi-sensor data sets that are usually of different formats, structures, and resolutions. The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) has taken a major step towards meeting, this challenge by developing an infrastructure that supports a Web interface that allows users to perform interactive analysis online without downloading any data. The underlying infrastructure that integrates all the components is called GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure or "Giovanni." Giovanni provides interactive, online, analysis tools for data users to facilitate their research. C1 NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Berrick, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, GSFC, Code 902, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2030 EP 2033 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900532 ER PT B AU Middleton, EM Drolet, G Huemmrich, KF Hall, FG Knox, RG Black, A Barr, A Lyapustin, AI Gervin, JC Margolis, H AF Middleton, EM Drolet, G Huemmrich, KF Hall, FG Knox, RG Black, A Barr, A Lyapustin, AI Gervin, JC Margolis, H GP ieee TI Direct satellite inference of ecosystem light use efficiency for carbon exchange using MODIS on terra and aqua SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; BOREAL FOREST; CANOPIES AB Understanding the dynamics of the global carbon cycle requires an accurate determination of the spatial and temporal distribution of photosynthetic CO2 uptake by terrestrial vegetation. Optimal photosynthetic function is negatively affected by stress factors that cause down-regulation (i.e., reduced rate Of photosynthesis). Present approaches to determine ecosystem carbon exchange rely on meteorological data as inputs to models that predict the relative photosynthetic function in response to environmental conditions inducing stress (e. g., drought, high/low temperatures). This study examines the determination of ecosystem photosynthetic light use efficiency (LUE) from satellite observations, through measurement of vegetation spectral reflectance changes associated with physiologic stress responses exhibited by photosynthetic pigments. This novel approach is now possible because the Moderate-Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua and Terra provides frequent, narrow-band measurements of high radiometric accuracy in both the morning and afternoon. Specifically, the reflective ocean MODIS bands were used to calculate the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), an index that is sensitive to reflectance changes near 531nm associated with vegetation stress responses exhibited by photosynthetic pigments in the xanthophyll cycle. MODIS PRI values were compared with LUE calculated from half hour values Of CO2 flux measured at the overpass time at a mature aspen site in the boreal forest of Saskatchewan as part of the Fluxnet-Canada network. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Middleton, EM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Knox, Robert/E-9657-2011; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014 OI Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2038 EP 2041 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900534 ER PT B AU Pinheiro, ACT Arsenault, K Houser, P Toll, D Kumar, S Matthews, D Stodt, RW AF Pinheiro, ACT Arsenault, K Houser, P Toll, D Kumar, S Matthews, D Stodt, RW GP ieee TI Improved evapotranspiration estimates to aid water management practices in the Rio Grande River Basin SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID LAND MODEL AB To improve the efficiency of water management and irrigation scheduling in the Rio Grande River basin, the US. Bureau of Reclamation helped create the Agricultural Water Resources Decision Support (AWARDS) system. Through its Evapotranspiration (ET) Toolbox interface, the AWARDS system provides guidance to local farmers on when and where to deliver water to the crops. The ET Toolbox is based on water usage estimates (evapotranspiration and open water evaporation) on a grid cell basis (4 km x 4 km). Currently, crop water use estimates are determined using a modified-Penman ET approach. To improve upon this parameterization. we use the Community Land Model (CLM2.0) with in the LDAS system downscaled to a 1 Am grid cell resolution. Our work aims to improve evapotranspiration and soil moisture estimates in the Rio Grande River basin through the improvement of the CLM2.0 parameterization of surface processes. We specifically intend to assimilate up to four land surface temperature (LST) observations per day from the Terra/Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments. at 1 km resolution, into the CLM2.0 land surface model. To verify the performance of the assimilation approach we will. deploy flux towers at two different sites. We will focus our ground data collection on riparian and agricultural areas. Ultimately. our results should improve the daily forecasts of vegetation water requirements and when integrated into operational decision support tools, aid water resource managers in making flood and drought assessments and predictions. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Pinheiro, ACT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015 OI Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2123 EP 2126 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900557 ER PT B AU Nghiem, SV Van Woert, ML Neumann, G AF Nghiem, SV Van Woert, ML Neumann, G GP ieee TI The secret of the Svalbard sea ice barrier SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB An elongated sea ice feature called the Svalbard sea ice barrier rapidly formed over an area in the Barents Sea to the east of Svalbard posing a significant navigational hazard The secret of this sea ice formation lies in the bottom bathemetry, which governs the distribution of cold Arctic waters masses and sea ice growth. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nghiem, SV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 300-235,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2150 EP 2150 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900564 ER PT B AU Talabac, S Schoeberl, M Lynnes, C Coronado, P Lutz, R AF Talabac, S Schoeberl, M Lynnes, C Coronado, P Lutz, R GP ieee TI Application of real time dynamic Sensor Web measurement techniques to maximize Aura/TES useful science return SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE Sensor Webs; dynamic measurment techniques; adaptive observing strategies; Aqua/MODIS; Aura/TES; formation flying AB The Sensor Web characterizes it future observing system concept that has the potential to significantly increase useful science data return. It accomplishes this by intelligently and dynamically reconfiguring the measurement and information processing states of its constituent sensor, computing, and storage nodes. To explore the potential benefits of Sensor Web observing strategies for the Earth science community, the Goddard Space Flight Center is developing software to demonstrate the value of real-time, collaborative, "intelligent data collection" between two formation flying spacecraft that comprise NASA's EOS "A-Train" constellation: Aqua and Aura. After its planned Summer 2004 launch, Aura, with its Troposphere Emission Spectrometer (TES), is to he inserted into the constellation's orbital plane and "follow" 15 minutes behind Aqua with its Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. MODIS is a nadir pointing multispectral imager, it is always "ON"', and its 36 bands can be used to detect clouds. TES is a high-resolution infrared-imaging Fourier transform spectrometer designed primarily to study ozone in the lower atmosphere. Providing spectral coverage in the mid- to thermal IR bands, it is undesirable for TES to make measurements within cloud obscured fields of view. Of particular significance, TES is a pointable instrument: it can be commanded to image any target within 451 of the local vertical. In our paper we describe a high performance prototype software system to acquire and process direct readout MODIS data to it Level 2 cloud mask product in real time. Using a predefined list of desired targets, in conjunction with the real time MODIS cloud mask information, the soft-ware will generate simulated commands and "point" TES to only those targets that are cloud free to demonstrate the value of intelligent data collection measurement techniques. To further refine where within the cloud free regions TES should point, we are also assessing the potential use of atmospheric chemistry models whose outputs may provide an additional set of criteria for high science value target selection. Similar "event-driven" and "model-driven" adaptive observation strategies and dynamic measurement techniques may be applied to future Sensor Web Earth- and space-science missions. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Talabac, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Lynnes, Christopher/B-4506-2010 OI Lynnes, Christopher/0000-0001-6744-3349 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2186 EP 2189 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900574 ER PT B AU Tilmes, C Linda, M Fleig, AJ AF Tilmes, C Linda, M Fleig, AJ GP ieee TI Development of two science investigator-led processing systems (SIPS) for NASA's earth observation system (EOS) SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB While building a series of large data processors for rernotely sensed data, (GSFC UP generalized the approach and developed a universal systern architecture. With a suite of plug-in modules for a variety of functions, the design is a customizable data processing systern driven by a rich set (of autornated production rules. It can take high volumes of diverse inputs, recognize data set types, run many separate processes simultaneously as well as sequentially against the data, and automatically send resulting products to end users. Implemented with commodity hardware and open source software, the highly scalable systern has been proven in a number of applications ranging in size from tiny to huge. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tilmes, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Tilmes, Curt/D-5637-2012; OI Tilmes, Curt/0000-0002-6512-0287 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2190 EP 2195 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900575 ER PT S AU Samadi, S Alameh, N Wolfe, R Olding, S Isaac, D AF Samadi, S Alameh, N Wolfe, R Olding, S Isaac, D GP ieee TI Strategies for enabling software reuse within the Earth Science community SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE software reuse; reusability; classification; Earth Science; SEEDS; NASA AB The Earth Sciences software development community is often challenged to provide cost effective, highly reliable and easy-to-use software to achieve scientific missions. In the process, the NASA Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) spends a significant amount of resources developing software components and other software development artifacts that may also be of value if reused in other projects requiring similar functionality. A recent study performed under the NASA's Strategic Evolution of ESE Data Systems (SEEDS) initiative suggests that reuse of ESE software can drive down the cost and time of system development, increase flexibility and responsiveness of these systems to new technologies and requirements; and increase effective and accountable community participation. In 2004, the Earth Science Software Reuse Working Group was created to oversee, the development of a process that will maximize the reuse potential of existing software components while recommending strategies for maximizing the reusability potential of yet-to-be-designed components. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM Shahin.Samadi@gsfc.nasa.gov; nadine.alameh@gst.com; robert.wolfe@gsfc.nasa.gov; solding@everware.com; david.isaac@teambps.com RI Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2196 EP 2199 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900576 ER PT B AU Lambrigtsen, B AF Lambrigtsen, B GP ieee TI AIRS - The atmospheric infrared sounder SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) was launched in 2002, along with two companion microwave sounders. This AIRS sounding Suite is the most advanced atmospheric sounding system to date. with measurement accuracies far surpassing) those of current weather satellite. From its Sun synchronous polar orbit, the AIRS system provides more than 300,000 all-weather soundings coven. ing more than 90% of the globe every 24 hours. Much of the Post-launch period has been devoted to optimizing the "retrieval" system used to derive atmospheric and other parameters from the observations and to validate those parameters. The geophysical parameters have been produced since the beginning of 2003 - the first data were released to the public in mid-2003, and future Improved versions will be released periodically. The ongoing calibration/validation effort has confirmed that the system is very accurate and stable. There are a number of a plications for p the AIRS products, ranging from numerical weather prediction - where positive impact on forecast accuracy has already been demonstrated, to atmospheric research - where the AIRS water vapor products near the surface and in the mid and upper troposphere promise to make it possible to characterize and model phenomena that are key for atmospheric processes, from weather patterns to long-term phenomena, such as interannual variability and climate change. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lambrigtsen, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2204 EP 2207 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900578 ER PT B AU Berkoff, FA Welton, EJ Campbell, JR Valencia, S Spinhirne, JD Tsay, SC Holben, BN AF Berkoff, FA Welton, EJ Campbell, JR Valencia, S Spinhirne, JD Tsay, SC Holben, BN GP ieee TI Observations of aerosols using the Micro-Pulse Lidar NETwork (MPLNET) SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE lidar; aerosols; clouds; backscatter; measurements ID TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB MPLNET is a network of lidar systems that provide long term observations of aerosol and cloud properties at multiple sites around the globe. Each site in the network uses an elastic-scattering lidar co-located with a sunphotometer to provide data products of aerosol optical and physical properties. Expansion of the network is based on partnering with research groups interested in Joining MPLNET. Results have contributed to a variety of studies including aerosol transport processes and satellite calibration and validation efforts. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Berkoff, FA (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, GSFC, Code 912, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2208 EP 2211 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900579 ER PT B AU Omar, AH Babakaeva, T AF Omar, AH Babakaeva, T GP ieee TI Aerosol optical properties derived from lidar observations using cluster analysis SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB We present the distributions of the lidar observable optical properties for dust. continental pollution and marine aerosols using the Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL.of. [1]) measurements. This study uses CPL measurements during CRYSTAL-FACE off the coast of Florida to extract probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the lidar depolarization ratios (xi)- and the ratio of the backscatter at 1064 nm to 532 nm (chi - referred to as the color ratio) for dust. continental pollution. and marine aerosols. The aerosol types are identified using a clustering algorithm. In this Study. cluster analysis by partitioning is used to algorithm categorize the CPL data set based on the backscatter and depolarization ratio. The cluster results for clouds and aerosols are compared to the other classification schemes and observations. The results of the aerosol clusters are verified using in situ measurements these are available. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Omar, AH (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci, Mail Stop 401 A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2212 EP 2215 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900580 ER PT B AU Granger, SL Leroy, SS Manning, EM Fetzer, EJ Oliphant, RB Braverman, A Lee, SY Lambrigtsen, JH AF Granger, SL Leroy, SS Manning, EM Fetzer, EJ Oliphant, RB Braverman, A Lee, SY Lambrigtsen, JH GP ieee TI Development of level 3 (gridded) products for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE global analysis; climate studies; gridded data; data reduction AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sounding system is a suite of infrared and microwave instruments flown as part of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) onboard the Aqua platform. The AIRS dataset provides a daily, global view of Earth processes at a finer vertical resolution than ever before. However, analysis of the AIRS data is a daunting task given the sheer volume and complexity of the data. The volume of data produced by the EOS project is unprecedented; the AIRS project alone will produce many terabytes of data over the lifetime of the mission. This paper describes development of AIRS Level 3 data products that will help to alleviate problems of access and usability. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Granger, SL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2506 EP 2509 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900653 ER PT B AU Hussein, ZA Kuga, Y Ishimaru, A Jaruwatanadilok, S Pak, K AF Hussein, ZA Kuga, Y Ishimaru, A Jaruwatanadilok, S Pak, K GP ieee TI Angular and frequency correlation for sea-ice thickness retrieval SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE correlation function; sea ice thickness; rough surface scattering AB A combined spatial and frequency domain interferometer Or angular and frequency correlation (ACF/FCF) between two radar beams in the VI-IF-band is applied for the direct measurement of sea-ice thickness. This measurement is critical because the thickness of sea ice within the polar region indicates the state of ocean circulation and the associated air-sea beat exchange which profoundly affects the global heat balance and ocean thermohaline circulation. This new instrument technology-cryospheric advanced sensor (CAS)-can measure sea-ice thickness, filling a critical gap in measuring the polar region. In this paper, we present the algorithm development and demonstration by simulations of estimating the height of the sea-ice that led to the robust design of CAS interferometric system. Sea-ice thickness is derived from the interferometric phase of the ACF/FCF function of two VHF-band- scattered returns of two radar waves that have different frequencies, incident angles. and observation angles. The inversion calculation to estimate the ice thickness is based on several methods. gradient-descent (GD). least-square (LSQ) method. and genetic algorithm (GA). Compared with a GD method. and LSQ method. GA does not require the knowledge of the derivative of the ACF/FCF function. Good agreement is shown with GD and LSQ results, when a single Unknown variable-sea-ice thickness-is to be determined. To support the inversion calculations and analysis, we developed an analylical model. The analytical model Used to formulate the ACF/FCF function depends on the age of the ice being measured. The analytical model for first-year ice is based on the small perturbation method (presented here) and, for multiyear ice, the Kirchhoff approximation (presented in accompanying paper by the authors). C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hussein, ZA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3012 EP 3017 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900790 ER PT B AU Hall, DK Williams, RS Steffen, K Chien, JYL AF Hall, DK Williams, RS Steffen, K Chien, JYL GP ieee TI Analysis of summer 2002 melt extent on the Greenland ice sheet using MODIS and SSM/I data SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE AB Previous work has shown that the summer of 2002 had the greatest area of snow melt extent on the Greenland ice sheet ever recorded using passive-microwave data. In this paper, We compare the 0degrees isotherm derived from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, with Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)-derived melt, at the time of the maximum melt extent in 2002. To validate the MODIS-derived land-surface temperatures (LSTs), we compared the MODIS LSTs with air temperatures from nine stations (using 11 different data points) and found that they agreed to within 2.3 +/- 2.09degreesC, with station temperatures consistently lower than the MODIS LSTs. According to the MODIS LST, the maximum surface melt extended to similar to2300 m in southern Greenland; while the SSM/I measurements showed that the maximum melt extended to nearly 2700 m in southeastern Greenland. The MODIS and SSM/I data are complementary in providing detailed information about the progression of surface and near-surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hall, DK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 971, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012; Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013 OI Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3029 EP 3032 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900794 ER PT B AU Tanelli, S Im, E Durden, SL Meagher, JP AF Tanelli, S Im, E Durden, SL Meagher, JP GP ieee TI Rainfall and snowfall observations by the airborne dual-frequency precipitation radar during the Wakasa Bay Experiment SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE component; precipitation radar; field campaign AB Radar data obtained through the NASA/JPL Airborne Precipitation Radar APR-2 during the Wakasa Bay Experiment in January/February 2003 were processed to obtain calibrated reflectivity measurements, rainfall/snowfall velocity measurements, classification of the surface type and detection of the boundaries of the melting layer of precipitation. In this paper the processing approach is described together with an overview or the resulting data quality and known issues. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Tanelli, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3195 EP 3198 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900839 ER PT B AU Meagher, JP Haddad, ZS AF Meagher, JP Haddad, ZS GP ieee TI Mass and mean size dual-frequency radar relations for frozen hydrometeors SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE radar relation; dual-frequency; frozen hydrometers ID DISTRIBUTION TRUNCATION AB Airborne in-situ frozen Particle Size Distribution data from the TRMM field campaigns is used to develop mass and mean size dual-frequency radar relations. C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Atmospher Radar Sci & Engn Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Meagher, JP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Atmospher Radar Sci & Engn Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3559 EP 3561 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900936 ER PT B AU Hilliard, LM Mead, J Rincon, R Hildebrand, PH AF Hilliard, LM Mead, J Rincon, R Hildebrand, PH GP ieee TI Lightweight linear broadband antennas enabling small UAV wing systems and space flight nanosat concept SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The RadSTAR initiative morges an interferometric radiometer with a digital beam forming scattermoter, providnig Earth surface backscatter and emission measurements. Heretofore these instrument developments have been designed for low flying known plotforms such as the NASA P-3. Commercial-off-the-shelf design materials can be used to inexpensively build antemas that approximate free-space permittivity, enabling remote sensing of soil moisture levels locally using small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). A form free-space sandwich can be used to minimize the weight of the dielectric backing structure. This technique enables rapid prototyping with space-grade materials. A low-mass 3-element antenna array of this design is already baselined for a University nano-satellite mission. A light-weighted version of the L-bond Imaging Scatteromter (LIS) radar electronics is being developed for a Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program. This lightweight wing antenna has a large potential payoff to NASA. For example, it may enable an active/passive hydrology mission using a fleet of low cost small UAVs. A mesh ground plane can further reduce the overall moss and slowability of the very large antennas required for spaceborne observations at L-Band. The cross track can success criterion was met al L-Band frequencies for radar and radiometry. That is, we designed and prototyped a wideband antenna patch tunable in this range and additional work is being carried out to improve the cross polarization isolation. Making the present broadband design into arrays will be limited to one dimension due to array spacing and the aspect ratio of the patch elements. A fore and aft Doppler beam synthesis and the LIS cross-track beam forming concept will be considered for potential application to surface hydrology measurements using these arrays. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Microwave Instrument Technol Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hilliard, LM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Microwave Instrument Technol Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3577 EP 3580 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900941 ER PT B AU Chang, ATC Kelly, REJ Foster, JL Koike, T AF Chang, ATC Kelly, REJ Foster, JL Koike, T GP ieee TI Estimation of snow depth from AMSR-E in the GAME/CEOP Siberia experiment region SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE component; snow depth; passive microwave; remote sensing ID ALGORITHM AB The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer EOS (AMSR-E) launched in 2002 aboard NASA's Aqua satellite, has improved spatial resolution capabilities compared with previous passive micro-wave instruments. Snow depth retrievals from AMSR-E are tested with GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Experiment) Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME) and Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) data. Level 113 AMSR-E brightness temperatures are used in the study. Seven acoustic snow gauge sites recorded daily snow depth within a 100 km x 100 km domain located near Yakutsk in Siberia. These point snow depth measurements span a period between October 2002 and February 2003 and are used to test AMSR-E ascending, and descending retrievals. The paper describes the accuracy of the snow, depth estimates compared with the GAME/CEOP Siberia sites. It also assesses how World Meteorological Organization/Global Telecommunication System meteorological snow data from a station at Yakutsk compare with the GAME/CEOP site snow depth data and AMSR-E estimates. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chang, ATC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3670 EP 3673 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900966 ER PT B AU Salomonson, VV Mao, JP AF Salomonson, VV Mao, JP GP ieee TI A sensitivity analysis of the MODIS normalized difference snow index SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; COVER; MODEL AB A study of the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) being used in mapping snow from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has been undertaken so as to understand via a modeling approach the sensitivity of the NDSI to variations within a MODIS pixel to snow grain size, atmospheric conditions, solar zenith and instrument viewing angle. This objective is being pursued using the MODTRAN-4 radiative transfer model along with the DISORT (DIScrete Ordinance-method Radiative Transfer) approach for multiple scattering calculations. In this study the snow is added as a physically thin but optically thick aerosol layer at the bottom of the atmosphere. Results achieved to date with this approach, when compared to published results (e.g., Wiscombe and Warren, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Volume 37, 1980), appear to adequately describe the variation of snow spectral albedo versus wavelength for different snow grain sizes, solar zenith angles and sensor view angles. Work is continuing to get more results over a wider range of atmospheric conditions. Further efforts have the objective extending this capability to understand more completely the errors and confidence limits due to varying viewing conditions that are encountered in the application of the MODIS NDSI fractional snow cover approach to local, regional and global observations of snow cover variability. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Salomonson, VV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3717 EP 3720 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900980 ER PT B AU Tedesco, M Kim, EJ Cline, D Graf, T Koike, T Hardy, J Armstrong, R Brodzik, M AF Tedesco, M Kim, EJ Cline, D Graf, T Koike, T Hardy, J Armstrong, R Brodzik, M GP ieee TI The Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX-1): analysis and modelling of LSOS data (IOP3 period) SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE snow; microwave remote sensing; DMRT ID SNOW AB Microwave brightness temperatures at 18.7, 36.5, and 89 GHz collected at the Local-Scale Observation Site (LSOS) of the NASA Cold-Land Processes Field Experiment in February, 2003 (third Intensive Observation Period) were simulated using 11 Dense Media Radiative Transfer model (DMRT), based on the Quasi Crystalline Approximation with Coherent Potential (QCACP). Inputs to the model were averaged from LSOS snow pit measurements, although different averages were used for the lower frequencies vs. the highest one, due to the different penetration depths and to the stratigraphy of the snowpack. Mean snow particle radius was computed as a best-fit parameter. Results show that the model was able to reproduce satisfactorily brightness temperatures measured by the University of Tokyo's Ground Based Microwave Radiometer system (GBMR-7). The values of the best-fit snow particle radii were found to fall within the range of values obtained by averaging the field-measured mean particle sizes for the three classes of Small, Medium and Large grain sizes measured at the LSOS site. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cold Land Proc Working Grp, Microwave Sensors Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Tedesco, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cold Land Proc Working Grp, Microwave Sensors Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3725 EP 3728 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900982 ER PT B AU Palm, SJDSP Hlavka, DL Hart, WD Mahesh, A Welton, EJ AF Palm, SJDSP Hlavka, DL Hart, WD Mahesh, A Welton, EJ GP ieee TI Aerosol and cloud measurements at 532 and 1064 nm by the GLAS polar orbiting lidar instrument SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr 912, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Palm, SJDSP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr 912, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3956 EP 3959 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901042 ER PT B AU Johnson, JE Ahmad, SP AF Johnson, JE Ahmad, SP GP ieee TI The EOS aura atmospheric chemistry data products SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE EOS; aura; HIRDLS; MLS; OMI; TES; HDF; HDF-EOS; DAAC; atmospheric chemistry; ozone; trace gases AB The Aura satellite (launch July, 2004) contains four instruments (http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/) for studying the chemistry and dynamics of the atmosphere. The instruments include the High-Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES). This presentation discusses the Aura standard data products. Tools for accessing, reading, visualization and analysis of these data are also presented. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci Data, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Johnson, JE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci Data, Code 902, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 4147 EP 4149 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901095 ER PT B AU Moses, JF Weinstein, BE Farnham, JL AF Moses, JF Weinstein, BE Farnham, JL GP ieee TI New NASA Earth science data and data access methods SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE NASA Earth science; EOS; agriculture efficiency; air quality; coastal management; water management AB NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, working with its domestic and international partners, provides scientific data and analysis to improve life here on Earth. NASA provides science data products that cover a wide range of physical, geophysical, biochemical and other parameters, as well as, services for interdisciplinary Earth science studies. Management and distribution of these products is administered through the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs), which all hold data within a different Earth science discipline. This paper will highlight selected EOS datasets and will locus on how these Observations contribute to the improvement of essential services such as weather forecasting, climate prediction, air quality, and agricultural efficiency. Emphasis will be placed on new data products derived from instruments on board Terra, Aqua and ICESat as well as new regional data products and field campaigns. A variety of data tools and services are available to the user community. This paper will introduce primary and specialized DAAC-specific methods for finding, ordering and using these data products. Special sections will focus on orienting users unfamiliar with DAAC resources, HDF-EOS formatted data and the use of desktop research and application tools. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Data & Informat Syst Project, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Moses, JF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Data & Informat Syst Project, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 4418 EP 4421 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901167 ER PT B AU Hunt, LA Ritchey, NA AF Hunt, LA Ritchey, NA GP ieee TI Simultaneous earth views from CERES, MISR and MOPITT SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The ultimate goal of NASA's Terra mission is to unravel the mysteries of climate and environmental change. The instruments on board the Terra spacecraft are collecting global data sets needed to study the interrelationships inherent in the Earth's Coupled atmosphere-land-ocean-biosphere system. Issues such as the Earth's energy balance, global cloudiness, the effects of atmospheric aerosols, and the Impact of trace gases on climate can be addressed with Simultaneous data from instruments such as the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES), the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT). C1 NASA, Langley Atmospher Sci Data Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Hunt, LA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Atmospher Sci Data Ctr, MS 157D,2 S Wright St, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 4523 EP 4526 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901197 ER PT B AU Privette, JL Zhang, H Mukelabai, M Schaaf, CB AF Privette, JL Zhang, H Mukelabai, M Schaaf, CB GP ieee TI Characterization of MODIS land albedo (MOD43) accuracy with atmospheric conditions in Africa SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE MODIS; albedo; BRDF; Africa; SAFARI 2000 AB The MODIS albedo product (MOD43) provides estimates of spectral and broadband albedo for most of earth's land masses. With 1 km spatial resolution and 16 day temporal resolution, this unique product can be used to set spatially and temporally dynamic boundary conditions in large scale models requiring surface energy fluxes. Nevertheless, the MODIS product does not provide estimates of actual "blue sky" albedo, which depends on irradiance conditions and is the quantity measured in the field. Instead, MOD43 provides theoretical white sky (bihemispherical) and black sky (directional-hemispherical) values. In practice, these values are linearly combined to estimate blue sky albedo using direct and diffuse irradiance estimates. In this study, we investigate the accuracy of MODIS Collection 003 albedo using tower-based albedo measurements collected over African savannas during SAFARI 2000. We calculate MODIS blue sky albedo using an online surface flux model [1] that interfaces with daily sunphotometer data available from the AERONET program. We characterize albedo uncertainty as a function of spectral band, solar zenith angle and season (wet, dry). Our results suggest that the accuracy of our blue sky albedo is less than 2% (absolute), though seasonal biases and significant variance exist. An improved cloud filter will likely reduce the variance. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Terr Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Privette, JL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Terr Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 4594 EP 4597 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901215 ER PT B AU Lancaster, RS Spinhrine, JD Manizade, KF AF Lancaster, RS Spinhrine, JD Manizade, KF GP ieee TI Combined infrared stereo and laser ranging cloud measurements from shuttle mission STS-85 SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE infrared stereo imaging; uncooled microbolometer array detectors; cloud retrieval; microphysics AB Multiangle remote sensing provides a wealth of information for Earth and climate monitoring, such as the ability to measure the height of cloud tops through stereoscopic imaging As technology advances so do the options for developing spacecraft instrumentation with sufficient versatility to meet the demands associated with multiangle measurements. One such instrument is the Infrared Spectral Imaging Radiometer, which flew its part of Mission STS-85 of the space shuttle Columbia in 1997 and was the first earth-observing radiometer to incorporate an uncooled microbolometer array detector as its image sensor. Specifically, a method for computing cloud-top height with a precision of 620 m from the multispectral stereo measurements acquired during this flight has been developed, and the results are compared with coincident direct laser ranging measurements from the Shuttle Laser Altimeter. Mission STS-85 was the first space flight to combine laser ranging and thermal IR camera systems for cloud remote sensing. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lancaster, RS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 4750 EP 4753 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901257 ER PT B AU Chambers, LH Moore, SW Fischer, JD Sepulveda, R Clark, C AF Chambers, LH Moore, SW Fischer, JD Sepulveda, R Clark, C GP ieee TI K-12 students as ground observers of contrails in support of scientific research SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB Scientists are very interested in the formation of contrails, both the type and the coverage. To be detected by a satellite-born instrument, the contrail must be of a certain size, which means that some contrails go undetected. The K-12 education community is assisting with the study of contrails by participating in a network of student observers. To provide a venue for student contrail observations, the GLOBE Contrails protocol,was developed as part of the GLOBE Atmospheric Science protocols. The first year of observations has provided a rich resource for researcher. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Chambers, LH (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 4810 EP 4812 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901274 ER PT B AU Li, J Savtchenko, A Qin, JC AF Li, J Savtchenko, A Qin, JC GP ieee TI Digital imaging and gridding of AIRS visible/NIR data SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB To visualize satellite remote sensing data on 2-dimensional plane, irregularly-spaced measurements must be registered onto a user-defined raster grid. There are several simple ways to do this. including the nearest- neighbor sampling and bilinear interpolation method. However none of methods make use of satellite scan geometry information nor do they take the footprint size into account. This paper summarizes the results of a study on the characteristics of AIRS viewing geometry, more specifically the growth of AIRS Vis/NIR (Visible/Nearinfared) footprint size, as a function of viewing angles. It also demonstrates the fusion of these useful pieces of information in Visualizing the AIRS data. Finally-broader application of this general resampling and gridding technique is briefly discussed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Code 902, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 4850 EP 4853 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901286 ER PT S AU Simard, M Rodriguez, E AF Simard, M Rodriguez, E BE Bruzzone, L TI Real time Radar interferometry of ocean surface height SO IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR REMOTE SENSING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing IX CY SEP 09-12, 2003 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SPIE DE interferometry; signal; processing; ocean; geoid; altimeter AB This paper discusses processing of interferometric signal to measure ocean topography. The method corrects for channel misregistration and geometric decorrelation using estimates of the current Earth geoid scenario. The channel misregistration is caused by slight change in the differential time delay between the signal received at one antenna with respect to the other. This algorithm corrects the misregistration over the entire swath with the Chirp-Z transform which resamples the signals appropriately. Another source of error, the geometric decorrelation (or baseline decorrelation), occurs because the targets within the resolution cell contribute different interferometric phases. In essence, the ground projected wavelengths are different for various look angles which produces a shift of the effective spectrum. This is corrected by shifting the spectra relative to one another and by applying filters to eliminate the non-overlapping part of the spectra. However, the co-registration and the spectral shift require the estimation of the current look and incidence angles. We use the Earth Ellipsoid WGS-84 and the Geoid EGM-96 to estimate the geometric parameters to describe the various viewing scenarios encountered around the Earth Geoid. We finally discuss the implications on the signal processing algorithm. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 90068 USA. RP Simard, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 300-319,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 90068 USA. OI Simard, Marc/0000-0002-9442-4562 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5121-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5238 BP 192 EP 203 DI 10.1117/12.510779 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY70N UT WOS:000189443300020 ER PT S AU Aikin, AC Grebowsky, JM Burrows, JP AF Aikin, AC Grebowsky, JM Burrows, JP BE Jenniskens, P Cellino, AQ Price, S TI Satellite measurements of the atmospheric content of metallic ion and neutral species SO IMPACT OF MINOR BODIES OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM ON PLANETS AND THEIR MIDDLE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res ID LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; IONOSPHERE; IRON; THERMOSPHERE; SCATTERING; MODEL; MG+; FE AB Column densities of meteoric metals including Mg, Mg+, Fe, Fe+, and Si can be measured using the nadir viewing global ozone measuring experiment (GOME) UV-Vis spectrometer on the ERS-2 satellite. The instrument has a spectral range from 237 to 793 nm with a wavelength resolution of 0.2 nm in the 237-316 nm region. The instrument measures all wavelengths simultaneously. Metal measurements are made in the 240-300 nm spectral range. A sample of data has been analyzed and gives a column density of 7.9 x 10(9) cm(-2) for Mg and 2.6 x 10(10) cm(-2) for Mg+. The column density for Fe is 2.6 x 10(9) and 3.8 x 10(9) cm(-2) for Fe+. The column density of Si is 2.1 x 10(10) cm(-2). This is the first satellite measurement of Si column abundance. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Aikin, AC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 695, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM aikin@carioca.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Grebowsky, Joseph/I-7185-2013; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014 OI Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1481 EP 1485 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.002 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAI23 UT WOS:000222364500006 ER PT S AU Ipatov, SI Mather, JC AF Ipatov, SI Mather, JC BE Jenniskens, P Cellino, AQ Price, S TI Comet and asteroid hazard to the terrestrial planets SO IMPACT OF MINOR BODIES OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM ON PLANETS AND THEIR MIDDLE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE orbital evolution; Jupiter-family comets; comet and asteroid hazard; terrestrial planets ID JUPITER-FAMILY COMETS; KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; EARTH; ORBITS; MIGRATION; DELIVERY; DYNAMICS; OCEANS AB We estimated the rate of comet and asteroid collisions with the terrestrial planets by calculating the orbits of 13,000 Jupiter-crossing objects (JCOs) and 1300 resonant asteroids and computing the probabilities of collisions based on random-phase approximations and the orbital elements sampled with a 500 years step. The Bulirsh-Stoer and a symplectic orbit integrator gave similar results for orbital evolution, but may give different collision probabilities with the Sun. A small fraction of former JCOs reached orbits with aphelia inside Jupiter's orbit and some reached Apollo orbits with semi-major axes less than 2 AU, Aten orbits and inner-Earth orbits (with aphelia less than 0.983 AU) and remained there for millions of years. Though less than 0.1% of the total, these objects were responsible for most of the collision probability of former JCOs with Earth and Venus. We conclude that a significant fraction of near-Earth objects could be extinct comets that came from the trans-Neptunian region or most of such comets disintegrated during their motion in near-Earth object orbits. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Inst Appl Math, Moscow 125047, Russia. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ipatov, SI (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 685, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ipatov@spp.keldysh.ru; john.mather@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Ipatov, Sergei/O-2302-2014 OI Ipatov, Sergei/0000-0002-1413-9180 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1524 EP 1533 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00451-4 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAI23 UT WOS:000222364500013 ER PT S AU Bandara, S Gunapala, S Hill, C Liu, J Rafol, S Mumolo, J Ting, D Trinh, T AF Bandara, S Gunapala, S Hill, C Liu, J Rafol, S Mumolo, J Ting, D Trinh, T BE Strojnik, M TI Multi-band infrared detectors based on III-V materials SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Geol Soc Amer DE infrared imaging; quantum well; multi color; chemical detection ID BROAD-BAND; LARGE-FORMAT; PHOTODETECTORS; PERFORMANCE; ARRAYS; GAIN AB Infrared detector technology based on intersubband absorption in III-V materials has shown remarkable success in advancing low-cost, highly uniform, high-operability, large-format focal plane arrays (FPAs). It also permits vertical integration of detector stacks to create multi-band or tunable FPAs. Each detector stack of multi-quantum well layers absorbs photons within the specified wavelength band, allowing other photons to transmit through permitting multiband detection. The wavelength of the peak response and cutoff can be continuously tailored by varying layer thickness (well width), barrier composition (barrier height), and carrier density (well-doping density). The GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs material system allows the quantum well parameters to be varied over a range wide enough to enable light detection at any wavelength range from 6 to 20 mum. By adding a few monolayers of InyGa1-yAs during the GaAs quantum well growth, the short wavelength limit can be extended to 3 gm. The spectral bandwidth of these detectors can be tuned from narrow (Deltalambda/lambda similar to 10%) to wide (Deltalambda/lambda similar to 40%), according to application requirements. Multi-band detector technology can be extended to near IR or visible wavelengths by adding detector layers utilizing interband absorption in these materials. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bandara, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5481-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5543 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1117/12.561352 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBI75 UT WOS:000225669300001 ER PT S AU DiPirro, M Shirron, P AF DiPirro, M Shirron, P BE Strojnik, M TI Current status of ADR development at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and future applications SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Geol Soc Amer AB Low temperature refrigeration is an increasingly vital technology for NASA's Space Science program. Ultra-sensitive detectors for x-ray, IR and sub-millimeter missions must be cooled below 0.1 K in order to reach their fundamental limits for energy and spatial resolution. Moreover, the ability to fabricate large arrays of these detectors means the cooler must have relatively large cooling power. Infrared missions also require telescope cooling into the 4 K range. Since the lifetime requirements for these missions go well beyond what is achievable with stored cryogen systems, the low temperature coolers for future missions must be able to use cryocoolers, operating at temperatures in the 4-10 K range, for pre-cooling. There is also a demand for laboratory coolers for developing the detectors and instruments for these missions. To meet these cooling requirements, we have developed several types of adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators (ADRs): a continuous ADR (CADR) that operates continuously at temperatures of 0.035 K and above for detector cooling in space; a CADR version for laboratory use; a quick turn around ADR system for detector development; and a multistage, higher cooling power CADR for cooling telescopes. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20901 USA. RP DiPirro, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20901 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5481-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5543 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1117/12.559943 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBI75 UT WOS:000225669300014 ER PT S AU Abedin, MN Refaat, TF Bhat, I Xiao, YG Bandra, S Gunapala, SD AF Abedin, MN Refaat, TF Bhat, I Xiao, YG Bandra, S Gunapala, SD BE Strojnik, M TI Progress of multicolor single detector to detector array development for remote sensing SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Geol Soc Amer DE multi-color; UV-far infrared; Si; InAs; GaSb; atmospheric chemistry; remote sensing ID DEVICES AB Knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric species such as CO2, O-3, H2O, and CH4 is important for understanding the chemistry and physical cycles involving Earth's atmosphere. Although several remote sensing techniques are suitable for such measurements they are considered high cost techniques involving complicated instrumentation. Therefore, simultaneous measurement of atmospheric species using a single remote sensing instrument is significant for minimizing cost, size and complexity. While maintaining the instrument sensitivity and range, quality of multicolor detector, in terms of high quantum efficiency and low noise are vital for these missions. As the first step for developing multicolor focal plan array, the structure of a single element multicolor detector is presented in this paper. The detector consists of three p-n junction layers of Si, GaSb and InAs wafer bonded to cover the spectral range UV to 900 mn, 800 mn to 1.7 mum, and 1.5 mum to 3.4 mum, respectively. Modeling of the absorption coefficient for each material was carried out for optimizing the layers thicknesses for maximum absorption. The resulted quantum efficiency of each layer has been determined except InAs layer. The optical and electrical characterization of each layer structure is reported including dark current and spectral response measurements of Si pin structure and of GaSb and InAs p-n junctions. The effect of the material processing is discussed. C1 NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Abedin, MN (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5481-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5543 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1117/12.559917 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBI75 UT WOS:000225669300025 ER PT S AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Hill, C Rafol, SB Mumolo, J Thang, J Tidrow, M LeVan, PD AF Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Hill, C Rafol, SB Mumolo, J Thang, J Tidrow, M LeVan, PD BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE Johnson, CB TI MWIR & LWIR megapixel QWIP focal plane arrays SO INFRARED SYSTEMS AND PHOTELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems and Photoelectronic Technology CY AUG 02-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE QWIPs; MWIR; LWIR; large format focal plane arrays ID CAMERA AB A mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) 1024x1024 pixel quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array has been demonstrated with excellent imagery. MWIR focal plane has given noise equivalent differential temperature (NETD) of 19 mK at 95K operating temperature with f/2.5 optics at 300K background and LWIR focal plane has given NEDT of 13 mK at 70K operating temperature with same optical and background conditions as MWIR array. Both of these focal plane arrays have shown background limited performance (BLIP) at 90K and 70K operating temperatures with the same optics and background conditions. In this paper, we will discuss their performance in quantum efficiency, NETD, uniformity, and operability. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5501-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5563 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.560955 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ52 UT WOS:000225817800015 ER EF