FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Siegel, R AF Siegel, R TI Transient heat transfer in a semitransparent radiating layer with boundary convection and surface reflections SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SOLUTION; TEMPERATURE AB Surface convection and refractive index effects are examined during transient radiative heating or cooling of a grey semitransparent layer with internal absorption, emission and conduction. Each side of the layer is exposed to hot or cold radiative surroundings, while each boundary is heated or cooled by convection. Emission within the layer and internal reflections depend on the layer refractive index. The reflected energy and heat conduction distribute energy across the layer and partially equalize the transient temperature distributions. Solutions are given to demonstrate the effect of radiative heating for layers with various optical thicknesses, the behavior of a layer heated by radiation on one side and convectively cooled on the other, and a layer heated by convection while being cooled by radiation. The numerical method is an implicit finite difference procedure with non-uniform space and time increments. The basic method developed in earlier work is expanded to include external convection and incident radiation. RP NASA, LEWIS RES CTR, CLEVELAND, OH 44135 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(96)85007-1 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA TB825 UT WOS:A1996TB82500007 ER PT J AU Arnold, SM Pindera, MJ Wilt, TE AF Arnold, SM Pindera, MJ Wilt, TE TI Influence of fiber architecture on the inelastic response of metal matrix composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALLY GRADED COMPOSITES; THERMAL RESIDUAL-STRESSES; UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES; MICROMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; INTERFACIAL DAMAGE; TENSILE-STRENGTH; DEFORMATION; STIFFNESS; GRADIENTS; PACKING AB This three-part paper focuses on the effect of fiber architecture (i.e, shape and distribution) on the elastic and inelastic response of unidirectionally reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs). The first part provides an annotated survey of the literature; it is presented as an historical perspective dealing with the effects of fiber shape and distribution on the response of advanced polymeric matrix composites and MMCs. A summary of the state of the art will assist in defining new directions in this quickly reviving area of research. The second part outlines a recently developed analytical micromechanics model that is particularly well suited for studying the influence of these effects on the response of MMCs. This micromechanics model, referred to as the generalized method of cells (GMC), can predict the overall inelastic behavior of unidirectional, multiphase composites, given the properties of the constituents. The model is also general enough to predict the response of unidirectional composites that are reinforced by either continuous or discontinuous fibers, with different inclusion shapes and spatial arrangements, in the presence of either perfect or imperfect interfaces and/or interfacial layers. Recent developments on this promising model, as well as directions for future enhancements of the model's predictive capability, are included. Finally,the third part provides qualitative results generated by using GMC for a representative titanium matrix composite system, SCS-6/TIMETAL 21S. The results presented correctly demonstrate the relative effects of fiber arrangement and shape on the longitudinal and transverse stress-strain and creep behavior of MMCs, with both strong and weak fiber/matrix interfacial bonds. Fiber arrangements included square, square-diagonal, hexagonal and rectangular periodic arrays, as well as a random array. The fiber shapes were circular, square, and cross-shaped cross-sections; The effect of fiber volume fraction on the stress-strain response is also discussed, as is the thus-far. poorly documented strain rate sensitivity effect. In addition to the well-documented features of the architecture-dependent behavior of continuously reinforced two-phase MMCs, new results are presented about continuous multiphase internal architectures. Specifically, the stress-strain and creep responses of composites with different size fibers and different internal arrangements and bond strengths are investigated; the aim was to determine the feasibility of using this approach to enhance the transverse toughness and creep resistance of titanium matrix composites (TMCs). C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. UNIV AKRON,AKRON,OH 44235. RP Arnold, SM (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 74 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 1996 VL 12 IS 4 BP 507 EP 545 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(96)00018-6 PG 39 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA VA151 UT WOS:A1996VA15100004 ER PT J AU Fischer, U Orasanu, J AF Fischer, U Orasanu, J TI Experience and role effects on expert pilots' judgments of problem situations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SAN JOSE STATE UNIV,SAN JOSE,CA 95192. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 5171 EP 5171 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VE857 UT WOS:A1996VE85704012 ER PT J AU Colbaugh, R Wedeward, K Glass, K Seraji, H AF Colbaugh, R Wedeward, K Glass, K Seraji, H TI New results on adaptive impedance control for dexterous manipulators SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION LA English DT Article DE control of robots; adaptive impedance control; redundant manipulators ID CONFIGURATION CONTROL; ROBOT MANIPULATORS; REDUNDANT ROBOTS; SYSTEMS AB Stable and robust execution of contact tasks is of paramount importance for robot manipulators in many applications. This paper presents two adaptive schemes for controlling the end-effector impedance of dexterous manipulators to enable reliable execution of contact tasks. The first scheme, position-based adaptive impedance control, consists of two subsystems: a simple ''filter'' that modifies the end-effector position trajectory based on the sensed contact force and the desired dynamic relationship between the position and force, and an adaptive controller that produces the joint torques required to track this modified trajectory. The second control strategy is developed using a model reference adaptive impedance control approach by formulating the desired relationship between the end-effector position and contact force as a ''reference model,'' and then devising a control scheme to ensure that the end-effector dynamics emulates this reference model. The proposed controllers are very general and computationally efficient since they do not require knowledge of the manipulator dynamic model or parameter values of the manipulator or the environment, and are implemented without calculation of the robot inverse dynamics or inverse kinematic transformation. It is shown that the control strategies are globally stable in the presence of bounded disturbances, and that in the absence of disturbances the ultimate bound on the size of the controller errors can be made arbitrarily small. Computer simulation results are given for a Robotics Research Corporation Model K-1607 redundant arm and demonstrate that accurate end-effector impedance control and effective redundancy utilization can be achieved simultaneously by using the proposed control schemes. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP Colbaugh, R (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENGN MECH,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU IASTED PI ANAHEIM PA 1811 WEST KATELLA AVE #101, ANAHEIM, CA 92804 SN 0826-8185 J9 INT J ROBOT AUTOM JI Int. J. Robot. Autom. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA UG807 UT WOS:A1996UG80700001 ER PT B AU Wardwell, DA Naumowicz, T Hange, CE Arledge, TK Margason, RJ AF Wardwell, DA Naumowicz, T Hange, CE Arledge, TK Margason, RJ GP SOC AUTOMOT ENGINEERS INT TI Test techniques for STOVL large-scale powered models SO INTERNATIONAL POWERED LIFT CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Powered Lift Conference / SAE Aerospace Power Systems Conference CY NOV 18-20, 1996 CL JUPITER, FL SP Soc Automot Engineers Int, Amer Helicopter Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Royal Aeronaut Soc AB Predicting and testing for hover performance, both in and out of ground effect, and transition performance, from jet- to wing-borne flight and back, for vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) configurations can be a difficult task. Large-scale testing of these configurations can provide for a better representation of the flow physics than small-scale testing. This paper will discuss some of the advantages in testing at large-scale and some test techniques and issues involved with testing large-scale STOVL models. The two premier test facilities for testing large- to full-scale STOVL configurations are the Outdoor Aerodynamic Research Facility (OARF) and the 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC). Other items of discussion will include force and moment measurements, jet efflux decay, wall effects, tunnel flow breakdown, strut interference, and now visualization options. The most recent use of NASA Ames Research Center's test facilities were in testing Lockheed Martin's Large-Scale Powered Model (LSPM) of their Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) configuration The LSPM model description and related test issues will be presented throughout this paper. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS PI WARRENDALE PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 BN 1-56091-902-7 PY 1996 BP 11 EP 21 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH67J UT WOS:A1996BH67J00002 ER PT B AU Hange, C Naumowicz, T Wardwell, D Margason, R Arledge, T AF Hange, C Naumowicz, T Wardwell, D Margason, R Arledge, T GP SOC AUTOMOT ENGINEERS INT TI Hover/ground-effect testing and characteristics for a joint strike fighter configuration SO INTERNATIONAL POWERED LIFT CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Powered Lift Conference / SAE Aerospace Power Systems Conference CY NOV 18-20, 1996 CL JUPITER, FL SP Soc Automot Engineers Int, Amer Helicopter Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Royal Aeronaut Soc AB Hover and ground-effect tests were conducted with the Lockheed-Martin Large Scale Powered Model (LSPM) during June-November 1995 at the Outdoor Aerodynamics Research Facility (OARF) located at NASA Ames Research Center. This was done in support of the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program being lead by the Department of Defense. The program was previously referred to as the Joint Advanced Strike Technology (JAST) Program. The tests at the OARF included: engine thrust calibrations out of ground effect, measurements of individual nozzle jet pressure decay characteristics, and jet-induced hover force and moment measurements in and out of ground effect. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS PI WARRENDALE PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 BN 1-56091-902-7 PY 1996 BP 23 EP 34 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH67J UT WOS:A1996BH67J00003 ER PT B AU Marcolini, MA Burley, CL Conner, DA Acree, CW AF Marcolini, MA Burley, CL Conner, DA Acree, CW GP SOC AUTOMOT ENGINEERS INT TI Overview of noise reduction technology in the NASA short haul (Civil Tiltrotor) program SO INTERNATIONAL POWERED LIFT CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Powered Lift Conference / SAE Aerospace Power Systems Conference CY NOV 18-20, 1996 CL JUPITER, FL SP Soc Automot Engineers Int, Amer Helicopter Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Royal Aeronaut Soc AB Noise is a barrier issue for penetration of civil markets by future tiltrotor aircraft. To address this issue, elements of the NASA Short Haul (Civil Tiltrotor) [SH(CT)] program are working in three different areas: noise abatement, noise reduction, and noise prediction. Noise abatement refers to modification of flight procedures to achieve quieter approaches. Noise reduction refers to innovative new rotor designs that would reduce the noise produced by a tiltrotor. Noise prediction activities are developing the tools to guide the design of future quiet tiltrotors. This paper presents an overview of SH(CT) activities in all three areas, including sample results. C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS PI WARRENDALE PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 BN 1-56091-902-7 PY 1996 BP 63 EP 73 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH67J UT WOS:A1996BH67J00007 ER PT S AU Rashidnia, N AF Rashidnia, N GP INST MECH ENGINEERS, LONDON TI Visualization of oscillations surrounding a bubble on a heated surface SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON OPTICAL METHODS AND DATA PROCESSING IN HEAT AND FLUID FLOW SE IMECHE CONFERENCE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Optical Methods and Data Processing in Heat and Fluid Flow CY APR 18-19, 1996 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Inst Mech Engineers, Energy Transfer & Thermofluid Mech Grp, European Assoc Laser Anemometry, Dantec Electr Ltd, BIRAL, TSI C1 NYMA INC,NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PUBL PI EDMUNDS PA P O BOX 24 NORTHGATE AVE BURY ST, EDMUNDS, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND 1P32 6BW SN 1356-1448 BN 0-85298-992-X J9 IMECHE CONF TRANS PY 1996 VL 1996 IS 3 BP 543 EP 563 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BF41D UT WOS:A1996BF41D00054 ER PT J AU Nelson, ML Maa, MH AF Nelson, ML Maa, MH TI Optimizing the NASA technical report server SO INTERNET RESEARCH-ELECTRONIC NETWORKING APPLICATIONS AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE distribution; information retrieval; information services; Internet AB Explains how the NASA Technical Report Server, a World Wide Web report distribution NASA technical publications service, has been modified for performance enhancement, greater protocol support and human interface optimization. Results include: parallel database queries, significantly decreasing user access times by an average factor of 2.3; access from clients behind firewalls and/or proxies which truncate excessively long Uniform Resource Locators; access to non-Wide Area Information Server (WAIS) databases and compatibility with the Z39-50.3 protocol; and a streamlined user interface. RP Nelson, ML (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,COMP SYST BRANCH,MAIL STOP 157A,15 LANGLEY BLVD,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. OI Nelson, Michael/0000-0003-3749-8116 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND BD8 9BY SN 1066-2243 J9 INTERNET RES JI Internet Res.-Electron. Netw. Appl. Policy PY 1996 VL 6 IS 1 BP 64 EP & DI 10.1108/10662249610123692 PG 8 WC Business; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA VB951 UT WOS:A1996VB95100010 ER PT B AU Sokolowski, W Hsieh, C O'Donnell, T AF Sokolowski, W Hsieh, C O'Donnell, T BE Wittenauer, J TI New HP (high purity) Invar 36 SO INVAR EFFECT: A CENTENNIAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Invar Effect held on the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary of Its Discovery CY OCT 07-08, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP TMS, Refractory Met & Mat Comm, TMS, Chem & Phys Mat Comm AB Rigorous requirements for very low thermal expansivity and temporal instability for metering rods of the Cassini spacecraft Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) were the driving forces at Jet Propulsion Laboratory to develop and qualify for space application a new HP (high purity) Invar 36 material. Conventionally produced Invar 36 could not meet these requirements. High purity was accomplished via powder metallurgy source material. Dimensional stability was a direct result of Invar chemistry and purity and was further enhanced by heat treatment. Experimental test results indicate this material to be the most dimensionally stable Invar 36 ever produced. High purity and thermal treatments ensured both low thermal expansion (CTE from 0.2 to 0.8 ppm/degrees C) and excellent temporal stability (less than 1 ppm/year) at 38 degrees C and room temperature. In addition, preliminary mechanical test results demonstrated the HP Invar 36 material has similar tensile properties but a higher fatigue endurance limit S-f when compared with conventional Invar 36 (S-f = 27 ksi for HP Invar 36 vs. 20 ksi for typical Invar 36). This indicates that HP Invar 36 could also be utilized in loaded precision structure applications. However, microyield Strength/microplasticity studies are recommended to fully understand the potential of this material for these applications. HP Invar 36 has already been used for several dimensionally stable critical components of Cassini spacecraft and other space programs as well. These applications, property data and potential commercial usage are described in this paper. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mech Syst Engn & Res Div, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sokolowski, W (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mech Syst Engn & Res Div, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-374-0 PY 1996 BP 147 EP 156 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM48C UT WOS:000078865800010 ER PT S AU Schwarcz, D KeskiKuha, RAM AF Schwarcz, D KeskiKuha, RAM BE Poker, DB Ila, D Cheng, YT Harriott, LR Sigmon, TW TI Dual ion beam sputtering of carbides for EUV reflectance SO ION-SOLID INTERACTIONS FOR MATERIALS MODIFICATION AND PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ion-Solid Interactions for Materials Modification and Processing CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-299-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 396 BP 503 EP 508 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BF61P UT WOS:A1996BF61P00076 ER PT B AU Volpe, R Balaram, J Ohm, T Ivlev, R AF Volpe, R Balaram, J Ohm, T Ivlev, R GP IEEE TI The Rocky 7 Mars rover prototype SO IROS 96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS - ROBOTIC INTELLIGENCE INTERACTING WITH DYNAMIC WORLDS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems - Robotic Intelligence Interacting with Dynamic Worlds (IROS 96) CY NOV 04-08, 1996 CL SENRI LIFE SCI CTR, OSAKA, JAPAN SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, New Technol Fdn HO SENRI LIFE SCI CTR AB This paper provides a system overview of a new Mars rover prototype, Rocky 7. We describe all system aspects: mechanical and electrical design, computer and software infrastructure, algorithms for navigation and manipulation, science data acquisition, and outdoor rover testing. In each area. the improved or added functionality is explained in a context of its path to flight, and need within the constraints of desired science missions. RP Volpe, R (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3214-8 PY 1996 BP 1558 EP 1564 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH13L UT WOS:A1996BH13L00213 ER PT B AU Wettergreen, D Thomas, H Bualat, M AF Wettergreen, D Thomas, H Bualat, M GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Initial results from vision-based control of the Ames Marsokhod rover SO IROS '97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOT AND SYSTEMS: INNOVATIVE ROBOTICS FOR REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robot and Systems - Innovative Robotics for Real-World Applications (IROS 97) CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instrumentat & Control Engineers, New Technol Fdn AB A terrestrial geologist investigates an area by systematically moving among and inspecting surface features, such as outcrops, boulders, contacts, and faults. A planetary geologist must explore remotely and use a robot to approach and image surface features. To date, position-based control has been developed to accomplish this task. This method requires an accurate estimate of the feature position, and frequent update of the robot's position. In practice this is error prone, since it relies on interpolation and continuous integration of data from inertial or odometric sensors or other position determination techniques. The development of vision-based control of robot manipulators suggests an alternative approach for mobile robots. We have developed a vision-based control system that enables our Marsokhod mobile robot to drive autonomously to within sampling distance of a visually designated natural feature. This system utilizes a robust correlation technique based on matching the sign of the difference of the Gaussian of images. We will describe our system and our initial results using it during a field experiment in the Painted Desert of Arizona. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Mechanisms Grp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wettergreen, D (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Mechanisms Grp, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4120-1 PY 1996 BP 1377 EP 1382 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BK40J UT WOS:000072064200199 ER PT B AU Volpe, R Ohm, T Petras, R Welch, R Balaram, JB Ivlev, R AF Volpe, R Ohm, T Petras, R Welch, R Balaram, JB Ivlev, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A prototype manipulation system for Mars rover science operations SO IROS '97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOT AND SYSTEMS: INNOVATIVE ROBOTICS FOR REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robot and Systems - Innovative Robotics for Real-World Applications (IROS 97) CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instrumentat & Control Engineers, New Technol Fdn AB This paper provides an overview of a new manipulation system developed Sor sampling and instrument placement from small autonomous mobile robots for Mars exploration. Selected out of the design space, two manipulators have been constructed and integrated into the Rocky 7 Mars rover prototype(1). This paper describes the design objectives and constraints for these manipulators, and presents the finished system and some results from its operation. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Volpe, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4120-1 PY 1996 BP 1486 EP 1492 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BK40J UT WOS:000072064200215 ER PT B AU Seraji, H Bon, E Steele, R AF Seraji, H Bon, E Steele, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Real-time collision avoidance for 7-DOF arms SO IROS '97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOT AND SYSTEMS: INNOVATIVE ROBOTICS FOR REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robot and Systems - Innovative Robotics for Real-World Applications (IROS 97) CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instrumentat & Control Engineers, New Technol Fdn AB The paper presents experimental results that demonstrate a new approach to real-time collision avoidance for 7-DOF arms. The collision avoidance problem is formulated and solved as a force control problem. Virtual forces opposing intrusion of the asm into the obstacle safety zone are computed in real time, These forces are then nullified by employing an outer feedback loop which perturbs the arm Cartesian commands for the inner position control system, The approach is implemented and tested an a 7-DOF RRC arm and a set of experiments are conducted in the laboratory. These experiments demonstrate perturbations of the end-effector position and orientation, as well as the arm configuration, in order to avoid impending collisions. The approach is simple, computationally past, requires minimal modification to the arm control system, and applies to whole-arm collision avoidance. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Seraji, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4120-1 PY 1996 BP 1694 EP 1699 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BK40J UT WOS:000072064200245 ER PT S AU Young, P Siochi, EJ Slemp, WS AF Young, P Siochi, EJ Slemp, WS BE Clough, RL Shalaby, SW TI Molecular-level response of selected polymeric materials to the low earth orbit environment SO IRRADIATION OF POLYMERS: FUNDAMENTALS AND TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Irradiation of Polymers, at the 208th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-26, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Chem Inc ID 2 AROMATIC POLYSULFONES; GAMMA-RADIATION AB The NASA Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) enabled the exposure of a wide variety of materials to the low Earth orbit (LEG) environment. This paper provides a summary of research conducted at the Langley Research Center into the response of selected LDEF polymers to this environment. Materials examined include graphite fiber reinforced epoxy, polysulfone, and addition polyimide matrix composites, films of FEP Teflon, Kapton, and several experimental high performance polyimides, and films of more traditional polymers such as poly(vinyl toluene) and polystyrene. Exposure duration was either 10 months or 5.8 years. Flight and control specimens were characterized by a number of analytical techniques including ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, scanning electron and scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and, in some instances, selected solution property measurements. Characterized effects were found to be primarily surface phenomena. These effects included atomic oxygen-induced erosion of unprotected surfaces and ultraviolet-induced discoloration and changes in selected molecular level parameters. No gross changes in molecular structure or glass transition temperature were noted. RP Young, P (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665, USA. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3377-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 620 BP 264 EP 292 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BF03R UT WOS:A1996BF03R00021 ER PT S AU Kim, MY Thibeault, SA Wilson, JW Kiefer, RL Orwoll, RA AF Kim, MY Thibeault, SA Wilson, JW Kiefer, RL Orwoll, RA BE Clough, RL Shalaby, SW TI Performance of polymeric materials as shielding for cosmic radiation SO IRRADIATION OF POLYMERS: FUNDAMENTALS AND TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Irradiation of Polymers, at the 208th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-26, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Chem Inc AB NASA LaRC's high-charge, high-energy nuclei transport codes are implemented to calculate the fluence of projectile fragments behind polymeric materials from energetic ion beams and to estimate their performance as shielding from galactic cosmic ray (GCR) for biological systems on long-term space missions. Energetic heavy ions fragment and lose energy upon interaction with shielding materials specified elemental composition, density, and thickness. The shield effectiveness is examined by using conventional quality factors to calculate the dose equivalents and also by using the probability of the neoplastic transformation ratio of shielded C3H10T1/2 mouse cells. The attenuation of biological effects within the shield and body tissues depends on the shielding nuclear properties. The results show that hydrogenous materials are good candidates for high-performance shields. The quantitative results vary with the biological model used. C1 COLL WILLIAM & MARY, DEPT CHEM, WILLIAMSBURG, VA 23185 USA. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, DIV MAT, ENVIRONM INTERACT BRANCH, HAMPTON, VA 23681 USA. RP Kim, MY (reprint author), COLL WILLIAM & MARY, PROGRAM APPL SCI, WILLIAMSBURG, VA 23185 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3377-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1996 VL 620 BP 350 EP 362 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BF03R UT WOS:A1996BF03R00027 ER PT J AU Lawrence, DP Tsui, KC Tucker, J AF Lawrence, DP Tsui, KC Tucker, J TI Disturbance sensitivity reduction via velocity loop feedback SO ISA TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE disturbances; sensitivity; robust control AB This article discusses an approach for reducing a systems sensitivity to external disturbances. Relationships developed relating the process variable output to external disturbance inputs suggest that employing velocity feedback can greatly reduce the influence external disturbances imposed on the closed loop performance. A recent design example is provided illustrating this practical design philosophy. Copyright (C) 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Lawrence, DP (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,M-S 213-15,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0019-0578 J9 ISA T JI ISA Trans. PY 1996 VL 35 IS 3 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S0019-0578(96)00016-X PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA VX679 UT WOS:A1996VX67900003 ER PT B AU Thakoor, S Morookian, JM Cutts, JA AF Thakoor, S Morookian, JM Cutts, JA BE Kulwicki, BM Amin, A Safari, A TI The role of piezoceramic microactuation for advanced mobility SO ISAF '96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF 96) CY AUG 18-21, 1996 CL E BRUNSWICK, NJ SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Def Adv Res Project Agcy, Howatt Fdn AB This paper presents a potential role of piezoceramic microactuation in micro- robotics for future space missions, e.g. unmanned sample-return missions to Mars, in search of life or evidence of prebiotic materials. The focus of the paper is on the advanced mobility with the desired characteristics of high force, displacement, and operability over a wide temperature range, at the cost of lowest possible mass, volume, and power. A comparison of the various actuation technologies including piezoceramic, shape memory alloys, polymeric actuators and magnetostrictive materials is presented. The comparison suggests piezoceramics to be the most promising candidate. A concept of flexible microactuator based on tailored films of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate, PLZT, deposited on flexible substrates is described. Such flexible microactuators are expected to offer a multifold enhancement in the force and displacement capabilities over those of the current state-of-the-art actuators based on bulk ceramic materials. Of special interest is the promise of high efficiency actuation from an optimized thin film based flexible bimorph structure by contact-less optical activation, where the actuation will not be restricted by the clamping effect from a rigid substrate as in the current silicon based micromachined structures. Also in the current micromachined structures, the actuation force out of the structure is limited by the thickness to which the micromachined structures could be grown. Deposition of piezoceramic films on flexible substrates would not only virtually eliminate the substrate clamping effect, but also would result in a substantially higher force to input power ratio. Flexible microactuators would form an enabling framework for a new class of small vehicles (insect explorers), with advanced mobility and dedicated sensing ability, emulating the agile characteristics of insects. In addition to the space exploration, such small insect explorers with their ability to explore hard-to-reach terrain would be ideal for a variety of applications in law enforcement, inspection of hazardous environment, search and rescue in disaster areas such as earthquake sites etc. Additionally the flexible microactuators would also be useful for high precision surgery or minimally invasive medical diagnostics, optical micropositioning, solar tracking actuator/shutter, direct corrective control in adaptive optics/interferometry, and photophones. RP Thakoor, S (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR MS 303-308,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3356-X PY 1996 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH95D UT WOS:A1996BH95D00036 ER PT B AU Dausch, DE AF Dausch, DE BE Kulwicki, BM Amin, A Safari, A TI The effects of excess PbO addition and composition variation on the processing and properties of tape cast PLZT RAINBOW actuators SO ISAF '96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF 96) CY AUG 18-21, 1996 CL E BRUNSWICK, NJ SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Def Adv Res Project Agcy, Howatt Fdn AB High-displacement RAINBOW actuators were fabricated from tape cast PLZT 7/65/35 and 9/65/35 ceramics which were hatched with 0 to 5% excess PbO by weight. Fired densities of the starting ceramics were maximized with 3% excess PbO. It was found that the electromechanical characteristics of the RAINBOWs were more dependent on grain size than density. Actuator displacements of the 9/65/35 composition were enhanced by static loading, while 7/65/35 exhibited decreased displacements with load. RP Dausch, DE (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,NATL RES COUNCIL,MAIL STOP 188B,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3356-X PY 1996 BP 771 EP 774 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH95D UT WOS:A1996BH95D00165 ER PT B AU Thelen, D Li, H AF Thelen, D Li, H GP IEEE TI A 16 bit 50 kHz ADC for low earth orbit SO ISCAS 96: 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS - CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONNECTING THE WORLD, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - Circuits and Systems Connecting the World (ISCAS 96) CY MAY 12-15, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,NASA,INST ADV MICROELECT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3073-0 PY 1996 BP 445 EP 448 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG15S UT WOS:A1996BG15S00113 ER PT B AU Chren, WA AF Chren, WA GP IEEE TI Delta-sigma demodulator with large oversampling ratio using the one-hot residue number system SO ISCAS 96: 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS - CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONNECTING THE WORLD, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - Circuits and Systems Connecting the World (ISCAS 96) CY MAY 12-15, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE C1 GRAND VALLEY STATE COLL,NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,ALLENDALE,MI. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3073-0 PY 1996 BP 473 EP 476 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG15T UT WOS:A1996BG15T00119 ER PT B AU Vayner, BV Ferguson, DC Snyder, DB Doreswamy, CV AF Vayner, BV Ferguson, DC Snyder, DB Doreswamy, CV GP IEEE TI Electromagnetic radiation generated by arcing in low density plasma SO ISDEIV - XVIITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIIth International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) CY JUL 21-26, 1996 CL LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Cooper Power Syst, IEEE, Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE HO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2906-6 PY 1996 BP 668 EP 672 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BG15Z UT WOS:A1996BG15Z00139 ER PT J AU Frenklach, M Ting, L Wang, H Rabinowitz, MJ AF Frenklach, M Ting, L Wang, H Rabinowitz, MJ TI Silicon particle formation in pyrolysis of silane and disilane SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SINTERABLE CERAMIC POWDERS; LASER-DRIVEN REACTIONS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; AEROSOL REACTORS; FLUID-MECHANICS AB Silane and disilane diluted in argon and hydrogen mixtures were pyrolyzed behind incident shock waves at temperatures ranging from 900 to 2000 K, pressures from 0.2 to 0.7 atm, and total concentration from 3 x 10(16) to 1 x 10(17) silicon atoms per cm(3). Formation of silicon particles was monitored by the attenuation of laser beams of two different wavelengths, thereby determining particle size, number density, and fractional yield. The conversion of silane and disilane into silicon particles exhibited a pronounced maximum at about 1150 K, which was found to be affected by reaction pressure, initial reactant concentration, and addition of hydrogen Selected silicon particle samples were examined by electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the produced particles were spherical, ranging from 100 to 400 Angstrom in diameter, loosely agglomerated, and contained about 15% hydrogen on an atomic basis. A detailed chemical kinetic model was developed that describes gas-phase pyrolysis of the parent molecule and homogeneous nucleation of silicon particles by 117 elementary reactions of 42 chemical species, and coagulation of the forming particles and their growth by gas-surface deposition reactions with a method of moments. The model predictions were found to be extremely sensitive to the values of optical constants assigned to the silicon particle material. C1 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC, DALLAS, TX 75265 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT MECH & AEROSP ENGN, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. NASA, LEWIS RES CTR, CLEVELAND, OH 44135 USA. RP UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT MECH ENGN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Wang, Hai/A-1292-2009 OI Wang, Hai/0000-0001-6507-5503 NR 85 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0021-2148 EI 1869-5868 J9 ISR J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 293 EP 303 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WN993 UT WOS:A1996WN99300011 ER PT B AU Goldstein, ME AF Goldstein, ME BE Duck, PW Hall, P TI The effect of nonlinear critical layers on boundary layer transition SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON NONLINEAR INSTABILITY AND TRANSITION IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL BOUNDARY LAYERS SE FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Nonlinear Instability and Transition in Three-Dimensional Boundary Layers CY JUL 17-20, 1995 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP IUTAM C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4079-5 J9 FLUID MEC A PY 1996 VL 35 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BG11W UT WOS:A1996BG11W00001 ER PT B AU Asnin, VM Krainsky, IL AF Asnin, VM Krainsky, IL GP RUSSIAN ACAD SCI TI Fine structure in the secondary electron emission for CVD diamond films with negative electron affinity. SO IVMC '96 - 9TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM MICROELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference(IVMC'96) CY JUL 07-12, 1996 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Russian Acad Sci, Acad Nat Sci, Inst Radio Engn & Electr, Moscow, Bonch Bruevich Univ Telecommun, St Petersburg, Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russian Fund Basic Res, Russian Minist Sci, St Petersburg City Adm & City Legislat Assembly, US Adv Res Projects Agcy, USA, European Res Off, USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USN, Off Naval Res, Europe AB For the first time, a fine structure was observed in the low energy peak of the spectra of secondary electron emission from diamond with a negative electron affinity surface. The effect was studied for as-grown chemical-vapor-deposited polycrystalline well-faceted diamond films. We discovered that this structure is comprised of four well resolved peaks. The relative energy positions of three of them corresponded to the positions of the electron energy minima near the bottom of the conduction band. The fourth peak, having the lowest energy, was attributed to the break up of the bulk excitons during the process of secondary electron emission. RP Asnin, VM (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,MS 54-5,21000 BROOKPK RD,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3594-5 PY 1996 BP 354 EP 357 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ05U UT WOS:A1996BJ05U00080 ER PT J AU Hou, TH Chang, AC Johnston, NJ StClair, TL AF Hou, TH Chang, AC Johnston, NJ StClair, TL TI Processing and properties of IM7 LARC(TM)-IAX2 polyimide composites SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB LARCTM-IAX2 (Langley Research Center-Improved Adhesive eXperimental resin 2) aromatic polyimide, based on oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA), and 3,4-oxydianiline (3,4'-ODA), was evaluated as a matrix for high performance composites. This polymer is a modified version of the baseline LARCTM-IA polyimide made from ODPA and 3,4'-ODA. Two poly (amide acid) solutions end-capped with phthalic anhydride were synthesized in N-methypyrrolidone and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) with ODPA to BTDA ratios of 4:1 and 3:1, respectively. Fully imidized films exhibited improved solvent resistance in acetone, methylethylketone, toluene, DMAc, and chloroform compared to the baseline LARCTM-IA film. Unidirectional prepregs were fabricated from both solutions using the Langley multi-purpose prepreg machine. A separate molding cycle (350 degrees C/250psi) was developed for each prepreg based upon solvent-volatile depletion characteristics. These cycles consistently yielded void-free consolidated laminates but required more severe processing conditions than those for the baseline material. Short beam shear strength and longitudinal flexural properties were measured at room temperature. 93 degrees, 150 degrees, and 177 degrees C. Notably, the flexural moduli were about 5% higher than those reported for the baseline composite. In addition, engineering properties such as fracture toughness, unnotched tensile strength, notched and unnotched compressive strengths and moduli, compression strength after impact and open hole compression strength were also measured. The enhanced solvent resistance, more difficult processability, and higher flexural moduli compared to those for the baseline composites were attributed to an increase in polymer backbone stiffness due to the presence of BTDA. No differences in the physical and mechanical properties were observed between composites made in NMP and DMAc. The results have helped define a chemical approach for improving solvent resistance in thermoplastic polyimide materials. C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. RP Hou, TH (reprint author), LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,HAMPTON,VA 23666, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 27 IS 2 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TV231 UT WOS:A1996TV23100002 ER PT J AU Joslin, SM Johnson, DR Oliver, BF Noebe, RD Whittenberger, JD AF Joslin, SM Johnson, DR Oliver, BF Noebe, RD Whittenberger, JD TI Containerless automated processing of single crystal NiAl and intermetallic polyphase composites SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE AB A containerless electromagnetically levitated liquid zone process used to directionally solidify binary NiAl and NiAl-based eutectics is described. The purity, room temperature fracture toughness, critical resolved shear stress, and tensile ductility for binary NiAl produced by this technique are compared to similar material produced by a more conventional Bridgman process. The containerless process is shown to produce a significantly higher level of purity as compared to the more commonly used Bridgman technique. In addition, the microstructures, room temperature fracture toughness, and 1,300 K creep are presented for several containerless processed NiAl-based eutectic composites. Nial-metallic phase composites show improved fracture toughness and creep strength over that of NiAl. Several NiAl-based eutectic composites combining both metallic and intermetallic reinforcing phases also have been identified, directionally solidified, and tested in an effort to combine the beneficial effects of both types of reinforcements. C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Joslin, SM (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 27 IS 2 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TV231 UT WOS:A1996TV23100003 ER PT J AU Ahmad, J Duque, EPN AF Ahmad, J Duque, EPN TI Helicopter rotor blade computation in unsteady flows using moving overset grids SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID STOKES AB An overset grid thin-layer Navier-Stokes code has been extended to include dynamic motion of helicopter rotor blades through relative grid motion. The unsteady flowfield and airloads on an AH-IG rotor in forward flight were computed to verify the methodology and to demonstrate the method's potential usefulness towards comprehensive helicopter codes, In addition, the method uses the blade's first harmonics measured in the night test to prescribe the blade motion. The solution was impulsively started and became periodic in less than three rotor revolutions. Detailed unsteady numerical now visualization techniques were applied to the entire unsteady data set of five rotor revolutions and exhibited flowfield features such as blade vortex interaction and wake roll-up. The unsteady blade loads and surface pressures compare well against those from flight measurements. Details of the method, a discussion of the resulting predicted flowfield, and requirements for future work are presented. Overall, given the proper blade dynamics, this method can compute the unsteady flowfield of a general helicopter rotor in forward flight. RP Ahmad, J (reprint author), STERLING SOFTWARE,NASA,AMES RES CTR,MS 258-1,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.2514/3.46902 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV370 UT WOS:A1996TV37000009 ER PT J AU Chaderjian, NM Schiff, LB AF Chaderjian, NM Schiff, LB TI Numerical simulation of forced and free-to-roll delta-wing motions SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID FLOW; ALGORITHM; FORM AB The three-dimensional, Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are used to numerically simulate nonsteady vortical flow about a 65-deg sweep delta wing at 30-deg angle of attack, Two large-amplitude, high-rate, forced-roll motions, and a damped free-to-roll motion are presented, The free-to-roll motion is computed by coupling the time-dependent RANS equations to the flight dynamic equation of motion. The computed results are in good agreement with the forces, moments, and roll-angle time histories. Vortex breakdown is present in each case. Significant time lags in the vortex breakdown motions relative to the body motions strongly influence the dynamic forces and moments. RP Chaderjian, NM (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,APPL COMPUTAT AERODYNAM BRANCH,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.2514/3.46908 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV370 UT WOS:A1996TV37000015 ER PT J AU Scott, RC Pototzky, AS AF Scott, RC Pototzky, AS TI Quasisteady aerodynamics for flutter analysis using steady computational fluid dynamics calculations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB A quasisteady method is presented where the results of steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations are used to obtain generalized aerodynamic forces for nutter analysis. For high-speed flows, the method provides a bridge between the computational efficiency, but relative, inaccuracies of piston theory and the greater accuracy, but high, computational cost of CFD nutter calculations. The method uses the structure's vibratory modes to modify the boundary conditions in the steady CFD calculations. Two steady CFD solutions are required per vibratory mode: one for the static part and one for the harmonic part of the pressure distribution. The pressure distributions of these solutions can be used to compute generalized aerodynamic forces necessary for nutter analysis. Sample two- and three-dimensional aerodynamic force calculations are provided demonstrating the method, and a nutter analysis of a National Aerospace Plane type wing is also discussed. RP Scott, RC (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,AEROELAST BRANCH,HAMPTON,VA 23665, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.2514/3.46921 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV370 UT WOS:A1996TV37000028 ER PT J AU Gallman, JW Kroo, IM AF Gallman, JW Kroo, IM TI Structural optimization for joined-wing synthesis SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT AB The joined wing is an innovative aircraft configuration with a rear wing, or horizontal tail, that is attached near the top of the vertical tail and sweeps forward to join the trailing edge of the main wing, This study evaluates two structural design methods for application in an aircraft synthesis code and quantifies the differences between these methods for joined wings in terms of weight, stress, direct operating cost, and computational time. A minimum weight optimization method and a fully stressed design method are used to design joined-wing structures, Both methods determine the sizes of 204 structural members, satisfying 1020 stress constraints and five buckling constraints, Monotonic splines are shown to be a very effective way of linking spanwise distributions of material to a few design variables, Five beam buckling constraints for the horizontal tail are included in both design methods, Without this constraint on buckling, the fully stressed design is shown to be very similar to the minimum weight structure, Adding a beam buckling constraint for the horizontal tail increased the structural weight by 13% and produced a fully stressed design that is 0.9% heavier than the minimum weight structure, Using the minimum weight optimization method to design the structure and to save 0.9% In weight required 20 times the computational time. Furthermore, the minimum weight structure produced only a 0.02% savings In direct operating cost. This study suggests that a fully stressed design method based on nonlinear analysis is adequate for a joined-wing synthesis study, The same joined wing considered in this study was shown, in an earlier study, to be slightly more expensive to operate than a conventional configuration designed for the same medium range transport mission, Since the same fully stressed design method was used in this earlier study, this work supports the comparisons of joined-wing and conventional aircraft performance presented in the earlier study, Of course, a different set of mission specifications and design assumptions may produce joined wings that perform significantly better. RP Gallman, JW (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.2514/3.46924 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV370 UT WOS:A1996TV37000031 ER PT J AU Tennyson, JM AF Tennyson, JM TI Seafoods SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Tennyson, JM (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL SEAFOOD INSPECT LAB,3209 FREDERIC ST,PO DRAWER 127,PASCAGOULA,MS 39568, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 232 EP 238 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA TW175 UT WOS:A1996TW17500048 ER PT J AU Haddad, ZS Durden, SL Im, E AF Haddad, ZS Durden, SL Im, E TI Parameterizing the raindrop size distribution SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATION AB This paper addresses the problem of finding a parametric form for the raindrop size distribution (DSD) that 1) is an appropriate model for tropical rainfall, and 2) involves statistically independent parameters. Such a parameterization is derived in this paper. One of the resulting three ''canonical'' parameters turns out to vary relatively little, thus making the parameterization particularly useful for remote sensing applications. In fact, a new set of Gamma drop-size-distribution-based Z-R and k-R relations is obtained. Only slightly more complex than power laws, they are very good approximations to the exact radar relations one would obtain using Mie scattering. The coefficients of the new relations are directly related to the shape parameters of the particular DSD that one starts with. Perhaps most important, since the coefficients are independent of the rain rate itself, the relations are ideally suited for rain retrieval algorithms. RP CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, 300-227, 4800 OAK GROVE DR, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. NR 17 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 35 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0003:PTRSD>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TQ567 UT WOS:A1996TQ56700001 ER PT J AU Shiobara, M Spinhirne, JD Uchiyama, A Asano, S AF Shiobara, M Spinhirne, JD Uchiyama, A Asano, S TI Optical depth measurements of aerosol, cloud, and water vapor using sun photometers during FIRE Cirrus IFO II SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR TRANSMISSION; PRECIPITABLE WATER; RETRIEVALS; SCATTERING; EXTINCTION AB Optical depths in the visible to infrared spectral region were obtained from solar extinction measurements with two sun photometers during the First ISCCP Regional Experiment Phase II Cirrus Intensive Field Observation in Kansas. A method is described to correct sun photometry for gaseous absorption and is extended to estimate the water vapor amount. The approach uses a prior computation of gaseous absorption for the narrowband-pass sun photometry, parameterized with the slant-path absorber amount. These produce correction coefficients for gaseous absorption, as determined by LOWTRAN 7 models. Near-infrared channels were calibrated by modified Langley plots taking account of gaseous absorption. After the correction and calibration, the aerosol optical depths at the wavelengths of 0.4-4 mu m were obtained for clear sky conditions. The aerosol optical depth at the wavelength lambda = 0.5 mu m was 0.1-0.2 during the campaign. The cloud optical depth at lambda = 0.5 mu m was obtained for cirrus events on 26 November and 5 December 1991 after correction of multiple scattering effects involved in sun photometry. The column amount of water vapor was estimated from the 0.94-mu m-channel measurement and compared with results from radiosonde measurements. The comparison has shown a good agreement within a 10% difference during the campaign when the equivalent water vapor amount ranges from 0.3 to 1.2 g cm(-2). C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP Shiobara, M (reprint author), METEOROL RES INST,CLIMATE RES DEPT,1-1 NAGAMINE,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 35 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0036:ODMOAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TQ567 UT WOS:A1996TQ56700004 ER PT J AU Warren, A Sud, YC Rozanov, B AF Warren, A Sud, YC Rozanov, B TI The future of deserts SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE population growth; erosion; urbanization; climate change ID SEMI-ARID REGIONS; SURFACE-ALBEDO; JULY CIRCULATION; CLIMATE CHANGE; SAHEL; DROUGHT; GCM; DEFORESTATION; RAINFALL; MONSOON AB Major changes are likely to be experienced in the arid and semi-arid lands in the next few decades. The most important changes will be induced by increasing human pressure of various kinds: increasing population, both in rural and urban contexts, continuing oil developments, and larger numbers of ambitious water developments. Urban populations have profound impacts in semi-arid lands, which are all the more obvious for the absence of vegetation cover. Rural populations may be reaching the limits of cultivable land in many areas, and this could, though not: necessarily, have impacts on soils and vegetation. These changes may or may not be serious enough to influence climate and so induce a real and perhaps lasting change in these environments. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited C1 NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, CLIMATE & RADIAT BRANCH, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. UN, ENVIRONM PROGRAMME, DESERTIF CONTROL PROGRAMME ACT CTR, NAIROBI, KENYA. RP Warren, A (reprint author), UCL, DEPT GEOG, 26 BEDFORD WAY, LONDON WC1H 0AP, ENGLAND. NR 80 TC 37 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 75 EP 89 DI 10.1006/jare.1996.0007 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TW122 UT WOS:A1996TW12200007 ER PT J AU Roberts, SG Hutchinson, TM Arnaud, SB Kiratli, BJ Martin, RB Steele, CR AF Roberts, SG Hutchinson, TM Arnaud, SB Kiratli, BJ Martin, RB Steele, CR TI Noninvasive determination of bone mechanical properties using vibration response: A refined model and validation in vivo SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE mechanical properties; mechanical testing; vibration; bone mineral; failure; bone stiffness ID ULNAR BENDING STIFFNESS; RESONANT-FREQUENCY; STRENGTH; DENSITY; MEN AB Accurate non-invasive mechanical measurement of long bones is made difficult by the masking effect of surrounding soft tissues. Mechanical response tissue analysis (MRTA) offers a method for separating the effects of the soft tissue and bone; however, a direct validation has been lacking. A theoretical analysis of wave propagation through the compressed tissue revealed a strong mass effect dependent on the relative accelerations of the probe and bone. The previous mathematical model of the bone and overlying tissue system was reconfigured to incorporate the theoretical finding. This newer model (six-parameter) was used to interpret results using MRTA to determine bone cross-sectional bending stiffness, EI(MRTA). The relationship between EI(MRTA) and theoretical EI values for padded aluminum rods was R(2) = 0.999. A biological validation followed using monkey tibias. Each bone was tested in vivo with the MRTA instrument. Postmortem, the same tibias were excised and tested to failure in three-point bending to determine EI(3-PT) and maximum load. Diaphyseal bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were also made. The relationship between EI(3-PT) and in vivo EI(MRTA) using the six-parameter model is strong (R(2) = 0.947) and better than that using the older model(R(2) = 0.645). EI(MRTA) and BMD are also highly correlated (R(2) = 0.853). MRTA measurements in vivo and BMD ex vivo are both good predictors of scaled maximum strength (R(2) = 0.915 and R(2) = 0.894 respectively). This is the first biological validation of a non-invasive mechanical measurement of bone by comparison to actual values. The MRTA technique has potential clinical value for assessing long-bone mechanical properties. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,DIV APPL MECH,STANFORD,CA 94305. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. VET ADM MED CTR,SPINAL CORD INJURY CTR,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,MED CTR,DEPT ORTHOPED,SACRAMENTO,CA 95817. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 29 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0021-9290(95)00030-5 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA TM444 UT WOS:A1996TM44400011 PM 8839021 ER PT J AU Perigaud, C Dewitte, B AF Perigaud, C Dewitte, B TI El Nino La Nina events simulated with Cane and Zebiak's model and observed with satellite or in situ data .1. Model data comparison SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GEOSAT ALTIMETER DATA; FAST-WAVE LIMIT; ROSSBY WAVES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; INTERANNUAL OSCILLATIONS; WESTERN BOUNDARY; HEAT-CONTENT AB The Zebiak and Cane model is used in its ''uncoupled mode,'' meaning that the oceanic model component is driven by the Florida State University (FSU) wind stress anomalies over 1980-93 to simulate sea surface temperature anomalies, and these are used in the atmospheric model component to generate wind anomalies. Simulations are compared with data derived from FSU winds, International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project cloud convection, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer SST, Geosat sea level, 20 degrees C isotherm depth derived from an expendable bathythermograph, and current velocities estimated from drifters or current-meter moorings. Forced by the simulated SST, the atmospheric model is fairly successful in reproducing the observed westerlies during Fl Nino events. The model fails to simulate the easterlies during La Nina 1988. The simulated forcing of the atmosphere is in very poor agreement with the heating derived from cloud convection data. Similarly, the model is fairly successful in reproducing the warm anomalies during Fl Nino events. However, it fails to simulate the observed cold anomalies. Simulated variations of thermocline depth agree reasonably well with observations. The model simulates zonal current anomalies that are reversing at a dominant 9-month frequency. Projecting altimetric observations on Kelvin and Rossby waves provides an estimate of zonal current anomalies, which is consistent with the ones derived from drifters or from current meter moorings. Unlike the simulated ones, the observed zonal current anomalies reverse from eastward during El Nino events to westward during La Nina events. The simulated 9-month oscillations correspond to a resonant mode of the basin. They can be suppressed by cancelling the wave reflection at the boundaries, or they can be attenuated by increasing the friction in the ocean model. RP Perigaud, C (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,MAIL STOP 300-323,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 58 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 66 EP 84 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0066:ENNESW>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TR259 UT WOS:A1996TR25900006 ER PT J AU Conklin, DJ Lillywhite, HB Olson, KR Ballard, RE Hargens, AR AF Conklin, DJ Lillywhite, HB Olson, KR Ballard, RE Hargens, AR TI Blood vessel adaptation to gravity in a semi-arboreal snake SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood vessels; gravity; catecholamines; vasoactive agents; snake, Elaphe obsoleta ID BOTHROPS-JARARACA; ELAPHE-OBSOLETA; ISOLATED AORTA; NITRIC-OXIDE; ANGIOTENSIN; RESPONSES; RENIN; NOREPINEPHRINE; VERTEBRATES; INNERVATION AB The effects of vasoactive agonists on systemic blood vessels were examined with respect to anatomical location and gravity acclimation in the semi-arboreal snake, Elaphe Obsoleta. Major blood vessels were reactive to putative neurotransmitters, hormones or local factors in vessel specific patterns. Catecholamines, adenosine triphosphate, histamine and high potassium (80 mM) stimulated significantly greater tension per unit vessel mass in posterior than anterior arteries. Anterior vessels were significantly more sensitive to catecholamines than midbody and posterior vessels. Angiotensin II stimulated significantly greater tension in carotid artery than in midbody and posterior dorsal aorta. Arginine vasotocin strongly contracted the left and right aortic arches and anterior dorsal aorta, Veins were strongly contracted by catecholamines, high potassium and angiotensin Il, but less so by adenosine triphosphate, arginine vasotocin and histamine. Precontracted vessels were relaxed by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, but not by atrial natriuretic peptide or bradykinin. Chronic exposure of snakes to intermittent hypergravity stress (+ 1.5 G(z) at tail) did not affect the majority of vessel responses. These data demonstrate that in vitro tension correlates with known patterns of sympathetic innervation and suggest that catecholamines, as well as other agonists, are important in mediating vascular responses to gravitational stresses in snakes. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,DIV LIFE SCI,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 165 IS 7 BP 518 EP 526 DI 10.1007/BF00387512 PG 9 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA TV320 UT WOS:A1996TV32000002 PM 8617890 ER PT J AU Lissenden, CJ Lerch, BA Herakovich, CT AF Lissenden, CJ Lerch, BA Herakovich, CT TI Response of SiC/Ti under combined loading .3. Microstructural evaluation SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; METAL; COMPOSITES; DAMAGE AB A post-failure microstructural evaluation of unidirectional [0(4)] and angleply [+/- 45](s) silicon carbide/titanium (SiC/Ti) tubular specimens that were tested under multiaxial loading is presented. This evaluation indicates that damage is concentrated near the fiber/matrix interface. Radial interface cracks and debonding as well as plastic slip in the matrix were observed in the [0(4)] tubes. In addition to the presence of interfacial debonding in the as-fabricated condition, the [+/- 45](s) tube was observed to contain much more damage and plastic deformation after mechanical loading than the [0(4)] tubes. Transverse fiber cracks and isolated areas of matrix cracking were also observed in the [+/-45](s) tubes. The observed permanent deformation mechanisms are consistent with measured strains. A micromechanical model has been used to predict the evolution of damage and matrix plasticity for the loadings applied in the experimental program. The theoretical predictions are consistent with observed permanent deformation mechanisms. C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN & APPL MECH,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP Lissenden, CJ (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,RES WEST,ROOM 2,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 1996 VL 30 IS 1 BP 84 EP 108 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA TX367 UT WOS:A1996TX36700006 ER PT J AU Hou, TH Jensen, BJ Hergenrother, PM AF Hou, TH Jensen, BJ Hergenrother, PM TI Processing and properties of IM7/PETI composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE phenylethynyl terminated imide oligomer; poly(amide acid); polyimides; crystalline polyimides; carbon fiber composite; mechanical properties ID ETHYNYL-TERMINATED POLYETHERS; END-CAPPING AGENTS AB A phenylethynyl terminated imide (PETI) oligomer from the reaction of 3,3',4,4 '-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, an 85:15 molar ratio of 3,4'-oxydianiline and 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene and 4-phenylethynylphthalic anhydride as the end-capper at a theoretical number average molecular weight (Mn) of similar to 5,000 g/mol was evaluated as a composite resin matrix. Unidirectional prepreg was made by coating an N-methylpyrrolidinone solution of the amide acid oligomer onto unsized IM7. The thermal and rheological properties and the solvent/volatile depletion rates of the amide acid/NMP system were determined. This information was used to successfully design a molding cycle for composite fabrication. Composites molded under 1.38 MPa at 371 degrees C consistently yielded good consolidation as measured by C-scan and optical photomicrography. Composite mechanical properties at various temperatures included short beam shear strength, flexural strength and modulus, longitudinal compression strength and modulus (IITRI), longitudinal tensile strength and modulus and open hole compression (OHC) strength. These composites exhibited excellent resin dominant properties. The OHC strength values, in particular, suggested that PETI composites have excellent damage tolerance. C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,COMPOSITES & POLYMERS BRANCH,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 29 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 13 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 1996 VL 30 IS 1 BP 109 EP 122 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA TX367 UT WOS:A1996TX36700007 ER PT J AU Salpekar, SA OBrien, TK Shivakumar, KN AF Salpekar, SA OBrien, TK Shivakumar, KN TI Analysis of local delaminations caused by angle ply matrix cracks SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composite material; graphite epoxy; delamination; matrix crack; finite element analysis ID ENERGY-RELEASE RATE; STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; INTERFACE CRACK; LOAD AB Two different families of graphite/epoxy laminates with similar layups but different stacking sequences, (0/theta/-theta)(s) and (-theta/theta/0)(s) laminates, were analyzed using three-dimensional finite element analysis for theta = 15 and 30 degrees. Delaminations were modeled in the -theta/theta interface, bounded by a matrix crack and the stress free edge. The total strain energy release rate, G, along the delamination front was computed using three different techniques: the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT), the equivalent domain integral (EDI) technique, and a global energy balance technique. The opening fracture mode component of the strain energy release rate, G(I), along the delamination front was also computed for various delamination lengths using VCCT. Although the finite element model did not have an orthogonal mesh, VCCT still yielded accurate results which were in agreement with the global energy balance and yielded similar G distributions across the delamination front as the EDI technique. For both layups analyzed, the matrix crack length influenced the magnitude of G for delamination. Furthermore, the opening mode, G(I), was greatest near the matrix crack and decreased near the free edge. The laminate stacking sequences with a matrix crack in the surface angle ply had a greater G(I) value than the laminate stacking sequences with an angle ply matrix crack in the interior of the specimen thickness. This is consistent with test results in the literature that show delamination occurs earlier in the fatigue life of laminates with matrix cracks in the surface plies than in the interior plies. C1 USA,RES LAB,VEHICLE STRUCT DIRECTORATE,NASA LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. N CAROLINA AGR & TECH STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,GREENSBORO,NC 27410. RP Salpekar, SA (reprint author), ANALYT SERV & MAT INC,107 RES DR,HAMPTON,VA 23666, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 1996 VL 30 IS 4 BP 418 EP 440 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA UH237 UT WOS:A1996UH23700001 ER PT J AU Sterling, JD Chen, SY AF Sterling, JD Chen, SY TI Stability analysis of lattice Boltzmann methods SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION; FLUID-FLOW; GAS AUTOMATA; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS AB The lattice Boltzmann equation describes the evolution of the velocity distribution function on a lattice in a manner that macroscopic fluid dynamical behavior is recovered. Although the equation is a derivative of lattice gas automata, it may be interpreted as a Lagrangian finite-difference method for the numerical simulation of the discrete-velocity Boltzmann equation that makes use of a BGK collision operator. As a result, it is not surprising that numerical instability of lattice Boltzmann methods have been frequently encountered by researchers. We present an analysis of the stability of perturbations of the particle populations linearized about equilibrium values corresponding to a constant-density uniform mean flow. The linear stability depends on the following parameters: the distribution of the mass at a site between the different discrete speeds, the BGK relaxation time, the mean velocity, and the wavenumber of the perturbations. This parameter space is too large to compute the complete stability characteristics. We report some stability results for a subset of the parameter space for a 7-velocity hexagonal lattice, a 9-velocity square lattice, and a 15-velocity cubic lattice. Results common to all three lattices are (1) the BGK relaxation time must be greater than 1/2 corresponding to positive shear viscosity, (2) there exists a maximum stable mean velocity for fixed values of the other parameters, and (3) as tau is increased from the maximum stable velocity increases monotonically until some fixed velocity is reached which does not change for larger tau. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91125. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. IBM CORP,DIV RES,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598. RP Sterling, JD (reprint author), ADV PROJECTS RES INC,2521 WILDROSE LANE,UPLAND,CA 91784, USA. RI Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010 NR 34 TC 189 Z9 195 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 123 IS 1 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.1006/jcph.1996.0016 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA TQ191 UT WOS:A1996TQ19100016 ER PT J AU Welsch, GE Wang, RR Cvetichan, R Hull, D Garlick, R CastroCedeno, M AF Welsch, GE Wang, RR Cvetichan, R Hull, D Garlick, R CastroCedeno, M TI Ti-Ag-Co alloys for dental castings. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH DENT,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1996 VL 75 SI SI BP 2785 EP 2785 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TT801 UT WOS:A1996TT80102782 ER PT J AU Moursi, A Globus, RK Zimmermann, D Damsky, C AF Moursi, A Globus, RK Zimmermann, D Damsky, C TI Central cell-binding domain of fibronectin regulates osteoblast differentiation. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT STOMATOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NASA,RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1996 VL 75 SI SI BP 2819 EP 2819 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA TT801 UT WOS:A1996TT80102815 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NN Powers, LM Janosik, LA Gyekenyesi, JP AF Nemeth, NN Powers, LM Janosik, LA Gyekenyesi, JP TI Durability evaluation of ceramic components using CARES/LIFE SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition CY JUN 13-16, 1994 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS ID FRACTURE; CRACK AB The computer program CARES/LIFE calculates the time-dependent reliability of monolithic ceramic components subjected to thermomechanical and/or proof test loading. This program is an extension of the CARES (Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures) computer program. CARES/LIFE accounts for the phenomenon of subcritical crack growth (SCG) by utilizing the power law, Falls law, or Walker equation. The two-parameter Weibull cumulative distribution function is used to characterize the variation in component strength. The effects of multiaxial stresses are modeled using either the principle of independent action (PIA), the Weibull normal stress averaging method (NSA), or the Batdorf theory. Inert strength and fatigue parameters are estimated from rupture strength data of naturally flawed specimens loaded in static, dynamic, or cyclic fatigue. Application of this design methodology is demonstrated using experimental delta from alumina bar and disk flexure specimens, which exhibit SCG when exposed to water. C1 CLEVELAND STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Nemeth, NN (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 1996 VL 118 IS 1 BP 150 EP 158 DI 10.1115/1.2816531 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA UF833 UT WOS:A1996UF83300022 ER PT J AU Atwater, JE Sauer, RL Schultz, JR AF Atwater, JE Sauer, RL Schultz, JR TI Numerical simulation of iodine speciation in relation to water disinfection aboard manned spacecraft .1. Equilibria SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article DE iodine; aqueous; speciation; disinfection; numerical simulation ID ACID AB Elemental iodine (I-2) is currently used as the drinking water disinfectant aboard the Shuttle Orbiter and will also be incorporated into the water recovery and distribution system for the International Space Station Alpha. Controlled release of I-2 is achieved using the Microbial Check Valve (MCV), a flow-through device containing an iodinated polymer which imparts a bacteriostatic residual concentration of approximate to 2mg/L to the aqueous stream. During regeneration of MCV canisters, I-2 concentrations of approximate to 300mg/L are used. Dissolved iodine undergoes a series of hydrolytic disproportionation and related reactions which result in the formation of an array of inorganic species including: I-, I-3(-), HOI, OI-, IO3-, HIO3, I2OH-, I2O-2, and H2OI+. Numerical estimation of the steady-state distribution of inorganic iodine containing species in pure water at 25 degrees C has been achieved by simultaneous solution of the multiple equilibrium expressions as a function of pH. The results are reported herein. C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. KRUG INT,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP Atwater, JE (reprint author), UMPQUA RES CO,POB 609,MYRTLE CREEK,OR 97457, USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1996 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1965 EP 1979 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VJ454 UT WOS:A1996VJ45400010 PM 11540164 ER PT J AU Pulkkinen, TI Baker, DN Owen, CJ Slavin, JA AF Pulkkinen, TI Baker, DN Owen, CJ Slavin, JA TI A model for the distant tail field: ISEE 3 revisited SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID MAGNETOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRAVELING COMPRESSION REGIONS; DEEP GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; SOLAR-WIND CONTROL; QUANTITATIVE MODELS; GEOTAIL; MAGNETOTAIL; MAGNETOPAUSE; CONVECTION; AVERAGE AB We construct a simple model for the distant (R > 40 R(E)) magnetotail using data from the ISEE 3 magnetic field instrument. The data are divided into plasma sheet and lobe categories using the plasma measurements. We present the average behavior of the field in various projections, and show that a relatively simple mathematical model can be used to describe the distant tail magnetic field. The model results are in good accordance with previously published GEOTAIL observations. C1 UNIV COLORADO,ATMOSPHER & SPACE PHYS LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP Pulkkinen, TI (reprint author), FINNISH METEOROL INST,FIN-00101 HELSINKI,FINLAND. RI Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012 OI Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 455 EP 471 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400002 ER PT J AU Fairfield, DH Lepping, RP Frank, LA Ackerson, KL Paterson, WR Kokubun, S Yamamoto, T Tsuruda, K Nakamura, M AF Fairfield, DH Lepping, RP Frank, LA Ackerson, KL Paterson, WR Kokubun, S Yamamoto, T Tsuruda, K Nakamura, M TI Geotail observations of an unusual magnetotail under very northward IMF conditions SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; GLOBAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; DISTANT TAIL LOBES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMAS; ISEE-3; LONG; MAGNETOSHEATH; MAGNETOPAUSE AB On March 29, 1993, the Geotail spacecraft was 134R(E) downstream from the earth and within 12R(E) of the axis of the magnetotail whose orientation was calculated from the solar wind direction measured by IMP 8. The IMF had a magnitude near 12 nT and remained steady and roughly 50 degrees northward for 9 hours, Geotail moved back and forth between two regions, an interior region with characteristics similar to the tail and an exterior region with characteristics similar to the magnetosheath. The flow in the dense rapidly flowing exterior region was tilted 8 degrees toward the tail axis rather than parallel to a cylindrical tail. Calculated boundary normals were primarily in the solar magnetospheric Y direction but with a small X component consistent with a slightly flaring or cylindrical tail. The unusual flow direction in the exterior region along with the presence of slower, less dense, tailward flowing plasma on taillike field lines inside the boundary suggest that the exterior flow has a component across the boundary and into the tail. These data support accumulating evidence from MHD simulations that suggest that the magnetotail assumes a very different configuration when the IMF remains very northward for periods of at least several hours. In this unusual configuration, field lines which would normally extend into the distant tail instead close on the flanks and nearer to the earth, creating a distant tail with less open flux and a reduced Y dimension. C1 UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. INST SPACE & ASTRONAUT SCI,SAGAMIHARA,KANAGAWA 229,JAPAN. UNIV TOKYO,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY PHYS,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. RP Fairfield, DH (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Paterson, William/F-5684-2012 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 473 EP 487 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400003 ER PT J AU Kokubun, S Frank, LA Hayashi, K Kamide, Y Lepping, RP Mukai, T Nakamura, R Paterson, WR Yamamoto, T Yumoto, K AF Kokubun, S Frank, LA Hayashi, K Kamide, Y Lepping, RP Mukai, T Nakamura, R Paterson, WR Yamamoto, T Yumoto, K TI Large field events in the distant magnetotail during magnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID GLOBAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TAIL LOBES; GEOTAIL; PLASMA; MAGNETOSPHERE; SUBSTORM; AVERAGE; ISEE-3; ASYMMETRIES AB Although the magnetic field intensity in the lobe of the magnetotail is usually in the range of 7-10 nT at distances beyond 150 R(E) as observed by ISEE 3 and GEOTAIL, it becomes at times more than 30 nT. The magnetic field of as large as 53 nT was observed in the distant tail lobe by GEOTAIL at -182 R(E) On March 9, 1993, when a moderate magnetic storm was in progress. From the scan of daily plots of magnetic field data during the two year period of the GEOTAIL observations, intervals were chosen when the lobe field strength exceeding 20 nT was registered. Large field events are found to mostly occur during a growing stage of the ring current. Events observed beyond 100 R(E) downstream from the earth are associated with intermittent and temporal excursions of the spacecraft into the magnetotail. The characteristic time scale of magnetospheric period is approximately 20 minutes. These entries into the magnetotail are usually preceded by a strong southward component of sheath magnetic field. Since magnetic storms are associated with enhanced solar wind flux and IMF conditions, reconfiguration of the magnetotail due to increases of the total pressure in the sheath and directional changes of the sheath plasma flow should control the probability of spacecraft residence in the magnetotail. It is confirmed that the pressure balance approximately holds at the tail magnetopause under enhanced solar wind conditions by using high resolution plasma data. Observations of large lobe field events suggest that additional magnetic fluxes caused by the merging process near the earth during magnetic storms constrain the magnetotail radius from decreasing the nominal value significantly, although the magnetotail is in a compressed state due to the increase in exterior pressure. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV TOKYO,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY PHYS,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. INST SPACE & ASTRONAUT SCI,SAGAMIHARA,KANAGAWA 229,JAPAN. KYUSHU UNIV,DEPT PHYS,FUKUOKA 810,JAPAN. RP Kokubun, S (reprint author), NAGOYA UNIV,SOLAR TERR ENVIRONM LAB,TOYOKAWA,AICHI 442,JAPAN. RI Paterson, William/F-5684-2012; Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013 OI Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 561 EP 575 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400009 ER PT J AU Lepping, RP Slavin, JA Hesse, M Jones, JA Szabo, A AF Lepping, RP Slavin, JA Hesse, M Jones, JA Szabo, A TI Analysis of magnetotail flux ropes with strong core fields: ISEE 3 observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; PLASMA SHEET; SUBSTORMS; EVOLUTION; SPACECRAFT; CDAW-8; MODEL AB A set of nineteen specific magnetic field structures in distant (approximate to 220 R(e)) ISEE 3 magnetotail plasma sheet observations are analyzed. These were initially chosen on the basis of strong central (core) fields compared to nearby lobe field strengths by Slavin et al. (1995); the selection criteria by design did not include field directional changes. This present study starts with the same set of events as Slavin et al. Further discrimination is done on the basis of how well the signatures are fit by a force-free flux rope field model. This model was earlier applied successfully to magnetotail flux ropes where GEOTAIL field data were used. In general the ISEE 3 study yields average properties for the flux ropes that are similar to those of the GEOTAIL study, which had only about half the number of events, and hence, it strongly supports that earlier study. One difference in the results of these studies, however, is the greater longitudinal spread of rope-axes in the present study, and this feature, related flux rope current systems, and other properties are discussed. The results of this study should provide rigid constraints on global models of tail current systems associated with tailward moving flux ropes related to substorms. RP Lepping, RP (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 589 EP 601 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400011 ER PT J AU Richardson, IG Owen, CJ Slavin, JA AF Richardson, IG Owen, CJ Slavin, JA TI Energetic (>0.2MeV) electron bursts in the deep geomagnetic tail observed by ISEE 3: Association with substorms and magnetotail structures SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID EARTHS DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL; ION BURSTS; PLASMOIDS; RE; ANISOTROPIES; AVERAGE AB Brief 0.2-2 MeV electron bursts were detected in the plasma sheet, tail lobes and magnetosheath by the Goddard Space Flight Center Medium Energy Cosmic Ray Experiment during the ISEE 3 geotail mission in 1982-3. We summarize the main features of these data and their implications for the structure and dynamics of the geomagnetic tail. Sharp falls in the intensity and occurrence rate of plasma sheet events at similar to 90 Re from Earth suggest a change from predominantly closed field lines Earthward of this location to predominantly open field lines at greater distances downtail. The electron anisotropies and associated plasma flows support this proposal which is also consistent with other ISEE 3 observations suggesting that the tail neutral line typically lies at around this distance. Electron bursts in the tail are closely association with substorm activity onsets as indicated by AL intensifications and particle injections at geosynchronous orbit. Signatures of plasmoid ejection down the tail may be observed following electron bursts, In the deep tail, energetic electron enhancements tend to be observed close to the time of substorm onset and are not generally present in the plasma sheet and plasma sheet boundary layer at other times. This suggests that the electrons are accelerated at the substorm neutral line rather than along the current sheet, and are lost rapidly from the tail along open field lines. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ASTRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. ST SYST CORP,LANHAM,MD 20706. RP Richardson, IG (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; OI Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3855-3634 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 657 EP 673 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400016 ER PT J AU Sauvaud, JA Jacquey, C Beutier, T Owen, C Lepping, RP Russell, CT Belian, RJ AF Sauvaud, JA Jacquey, C Beutier, T Owen, C Lepping, RP Russell, CT Belian, RJ TI Large scale dynamics of the magnetospheric tail induced by substorms: A multisatellite study SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID TRAVELING COMPRESSION REGIONS; NEAR-EARTH; DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL; CURRENT DISRUPTION; SOLAR-WIND; NEUTRAL SHEET; GROWTH-PHASE; PLASMA; EXPANSION; ISEE-3 AB The large scale dynamics of the tail during substorms are examined using multi-satellite measurements made between 18 and 22:00 UT on August 22, 1983. We use data from ISEE1/2, 1977-007, IMP-8, and ISEE-3 located in the solar wind or tail at distances along the Sun-Earth line ranging from +11 to -205R(E). During the period studied, which corresponded to a southward directed IMF, successive plasma injections were detected at 6.6R(E) first during a general increase of the magnetic field in the lobe. The magnetic field increase is attributed to an enhanced reconnection rate, as evidenced by the close relationship between the tail lobe magnetic energy density and the available Poynting energy in the solar wind, for near constant solar wind pressure. A Traveling Compression Region (flux rope) was detected in close association with the first energetic particle injection at geostationary orbit. After the first injections, the series of injections continued and the last ones are shown to be linked with a tailward propagating cross-tail current disruption detected onboard IMP-8 at similar to 35R(E). This event is seen in the distant tail at 205R(E) onboard ISEE-3 as an increase of the tail radius; the far magnetosphere engulfed the ISEE-3 satellite which was located in the solar wind prior to the event. The characteristic time delay between cross-tail current disruption onset occurring in the near-Earth plasma sheet and the enhancement of the tail diameter at 205R(E) is on the order of 40 minutes. Several hours before this event, a similar case was detected in which partial cross-tail current disruption in the mid-tail was also related to a far tail expansion. In both cases, the observed signatures are in agreement with the concept of the ejection of plasmoids from the magnetospheric tail with velocities comparable to that of the solar wind. These results strongly suggest that traveling cross-tail current disruption and plasmoid ejection from the far tail are the signature of the same propagating plasma process. C1 GSFC,GREENBELT,MD. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA. LANL,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RP Sauvaud, JA (reprint author), CNRS,CTR ETUD SPATIALE RAYONNEMENTS,F-31029 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. RI Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; OI Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 675 EP 686 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400017 ER PT J AU Baker, DN Pulkkinen, TI Toivanen, P Hesse, M McPherron, RL AF Baker, DN Pulkkinen, TI Toivanen, P Hesse, M McPherron, RL TI A possible interpretation of cold ion beams in the Earth's tail lobe SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID DISTANT TAIL; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMA; MAGNETOTAIL; ISEE-3 AB The GEOTAIL spacecraft has previously observed cold ion beams of apparent ionospheric origin in the Earth's magnetotail lobes at large geocentric distances (r > 50 R(E)) It is proposed here that ion beams originating in certain sections of the polar ionosphere may be on magnetic Awe tubes that are not closely linked to the magnetosheath and solar wind beyond. Rather, these flux tubes extend far down the tail and have very weak convective electric fields on them. In other parts of the tail cross-section, it is suggested that there are recently reconnected field lines that are open and connected directly out to the solar wind. These are the flux tubes that represent rotational discontinuities at the magnetopause. ISEE-3, in earlier data, clearly observed parts of the lobe that were relatively devoid of plasma and parts that were densely loaded with plasma, probably due to local magnetosheath plasma entry. We suggest that the cold ionospheric ion streams seen by GEOTAIL could drift very slowly toward the plasma sheet in the regions of weak E-fields. Thus, the beams at large geocentric distances should tend to be seen in relatively ''pristine'' lobe conditions and would be on flux tubes that are connected to ionospheric regions of low convection (E x B) electric fields. C1 FINNISH METEOROL INST,SF-00101 HELSINKI,FINLAND. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,IGPP,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP Baker, DN (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,ATMOSPHER & SPACE PHYS LAB,CAMPUS BOX 392,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012 OI Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 699 EP 710 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400019 ER PT J AU Hesse, M Winske, D Kuznetsova, M Birn, J Schindler, K AF Hesse, M Winske, D Kuznetsova, M Birn, J Schindler, K TI Hybrid modeling of the formation of thin current sheets in magnetotail configurations SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID NEAR-EARTH MAGNETOTAIL; GROWTH-PHASE; PLASMA SHEET; SUBSTORMS; CONVECTION; RECONNECTION; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Hybrid simulations are used to investigate the formation of a thin current sheet inside the plasma sheet of a magnetotail-like configuration. The initial equilibrium is subjected to a driving electric field qualitatively similar to what would be expected from solar wind driving. As a result, we find the formation of a new current sheet, with a thickness of approximately the ion inertial length. The current density inside the current sheet region is supplied largely by the electrons. Ion acceleration in the cross-tail direction is absent due since the driving electric field fails to penetrate into the equatorial region. The ions in the thin current sheet region exhibit anisotropies which appear to be driven by the bounce motion in the z direction between the inward moving plasma sheet-lobe boundary. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,D-4630 BOCHUM,GERMANY. RP Hesse, M (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ELECTRODYNAM BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; Kuznetsova, Maria/F-6840-2012 NR 24 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 749 EP 763 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400023 ER PT J AU Taguchi, S Hoffman, RA AF Taguchi, S Hoffman, RA TI Ionospheric plasma convection in the midnight sector for northward interplanetary magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID ALIGNED CURRENTS; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; AURORAL OVAL; POLAR-CAP; PATTERNS; PRECIPITATION; RECONNECTION; QUIESCENCE; PERIODS AB The ionospheric plasma convection in the midnight sector for stably northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has been examined using the Dynamics Explorer 2 fields and plasma data. From the 12-months of noon-midnight passes, 67 passes were selected. With the electric field data from these passes, we have focused on the convection occurring in the ''boundary plasma region.'' The boundary plasma region is defined as a region between the equatorward boundary of the polar cap and the poleward boundary of a central/inner plasma sheet. The convection pattern in the boundary plasma region is controlled by the sign of IMF B-Y, the magnitude of(B-Y(2) + B-Z(2))(1/2) and the IMF clock angle. For a large IMF (B-Y(2) + B-Z(2))(1/2) and relatively large IMF clock angles (i.e., larger than 30 degrees), the convection tends to show a B-Y-dependent flow pattern which consists of two or three flow regions having an eastward or westward component. As the clock angle becomes smaller, the convection tends to be an irregular pattern which has multiple flow regions. Large potential difference can occur in the boundary plasma region. When the potential is more than 15 kV, the convection, in most cases, is the B-Y-controlled pattern. This means that for this convection pattern a significant amount of energy can be deposited in the midnight sector from the tail even if IMF B-Z is stably positive. C1 UNIV ELECTROCOMMUN,DEPT ELECT ENGN,TOKYO,JAPAN. RP Taguchi, S (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 925 EP 933 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400036 ER PT J AU Kaiser, ML Desch, MD Brown, ME AF Kaiser, ML Desch, MD Brown, ME TI Evidence for an Io plasma torus influence on high-latitude Jovian radio emission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID JUPITER; RADIATION AB We report the discovery with the Ulysses unified radio and plasma wave (URAP) instrument of features in the Jovian hectometer (HOM) wavelength radio emission spectrum which recur with a period about 2-4% longer than the Jovian System III rotation period. We conclude that the auroral HOM emissions are periodically blocked from ''view'' by regions in the torus of higher than average density and that these regions rotate more slowly than System III and persist for considerable intervals of time. We have reexamined the Voyager planetary radio astronomy (PRA) data taken during the flybys in 1979 and have found similar features in the HOM spectrum. Contemporaneous observations by Brown (1994) show an [SII] emission line enhancement in the Io plasma torus that rotates more slowly than System III by the same amount as the HOM feature. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,LUNAR & PLANETARY LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Kaiser, ML (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1029/95JA02389 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000002 ER PT J AU Shodhan, S Siscoe, GL Frank, LA Ackerson, KL Paterson, WR Fairfield, D Kokubun, S Yamamoto, T AF Shodhan, S Siscoe, GL Frank, LA Ackerson, KL Paterson, WR Fairfield, D Kokubun, S Yamamoto, T TI Mantle crossings at Geotail: Comparison with MHD model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB From 2000 UT on March 17 to 0400 UT on March 18, 1993, when Geotail was in the distant tail, it underwent a series of mantle crossings. These mantle crossings are manifested in the magnetic field and plasma data as smooth excursions between magnetosheath values and lobe values. We test the one-dimensional self-similar MHD slow mode expansion fan model of the mantle by comparing the modeled predictions with the data including, for the first time, magnetic field data. We use the measured speed, density, magnetic field strength, ion and two different electron temperatures to initialize the mantle flow, Using this range of upstream parameters, we show that the model reasonably well brackets the observed variations of both magnetic field and plasma parameters through the mantle. The total pressure through the modeled fan remains constant as the thermal pressure at the outer edge converts into magnetic field pressure at the inner edge. Using the modeled fit, we estimate the mantle to be 10-12 R(E) thick. C1 BOSTON UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,BOSTON,MA 02215. UNIV IOWA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. INST SPACE & ASTRONAUT SCI,SAGAMIHARA,KANAGAWA 229,JAPAN. NAGOYA UNIV,STELAB,TOYOKAWA,AICHI,JAPAN. RP Shodhan, S (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,CTR SPACE PHYS,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. RI Paterson, William/F-5684-2012 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1029/95JA02724 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000014 ER PT J AU Kuznetsova, MM Buchner, J Zelenyi, LM AF Kuznetsova, MM Buchner, J Zelenyi, LM TI Onset of collisionless magnetic reconnection in sheared field reversals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAXWELLIAN NEUTRAL SHEET; TEARING INSTABILITY; GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; PARTICLE ORBITS; MAGNETOTAIL PLASMAS; CHARGED-PARTICLES; BY-COMPONENT; MODE; STABILITY; MOTION AB An extended analysis of the kinetic stability theory of a current sheet in a curved and sheared magnetic field reversal with respect to a tearing mode perturbation is presented. The coupling between quasi-parallel and quasiperpendicular mode components is newly taken into account. We obtain that an unstable branch of tearing mode instability with a growth rate less than the electron bounce frequency can be excited. The dependencies of the growth rate of this instability on the shear (B-s) and normal (B-n) field components as far as oh the wave length of the mode are illustrated. The resulting tearing mode destabilization takes place favorably for an inclination of the magnetic field near the quasi-neutral plane at about 45 degrees with respect to the neutral plane. Our theory reveals that for proper geometry of magnetic field lines in field reversal region a collisionless ion tearing mode can be triggered and magnetic flux ropes are formed. The growth of the unstable tearing mode can be accompanied by the generation of magnetic field aligned electric fields, and ion acceleration. C1 MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-12489 BERLIN, GERMANY. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, SPACE RES INST, MOSCOW 117810, RUSSIA. RP NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ELECTRODYNAM BRANCH, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RI Buechner, Joerg/B-1213-2009; Kuznetsova, Maria/F-6840-2012 NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 161 EP 178 DI 10.1029/95JA02450 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000015 ER PT J AU Wang, J Biasca, R Liewer, PC AF Wang, J Biasca, R Liewer, PC TI Three-dimensional electromagnetic Monte Carlo particle-in-cell simulations of critical ionization velocity experiments in space SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL GAS; RADIATION; PLASMA; CONDOR AB Although the existence of the critical ionization velocity (CIV) is known from laboratory experiments, no agreement has been reached as to whether CIV exists in the natural space environment. In this paper we move towards more realistic models of CIV and present the first fully three-dimensional, electromagnetic particle-in-cell Monte-Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) simulations of typical space-based CIV experiments. In our model, the released neutral gas is taken to be a spherical cloud traveling across a magnetized ambient plasma. Simulations are performed for neutral clouds with various sizes and densities. The effects of the cloud parameters on ionization yield, wave energy growth, electron heating, momentum coupling, and the three-dimensional structure of the newly ionized plasma are discussed. The simulations suggest that the quantitative characteristics of momentum transfers among the ion beam, neutral cloud, and plasma waves is the key indicator of whether CIV can occur in space. The missing factors in space-based CN experiments may be the conditions necessary for a continuous enhancement of the beam ion momentum. For a typical shaped charge release experiment, favorable CIV conditions may exist only in a very narrow, intermediate spatial region same distance from the release point due to the effects of the cloud density and size. When CIV does occur, the newly ionized plasma from the cloud forms a very complex structure due to the combined forces from the geomagnetic field, the motion induced emf, and the polarization. Hence the detection of CIV also critically depends on the sensor location. C1 NORTHEASTERN UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP Wang, J (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 371 EP 382 DI 10.1029/95JA02312 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000033 ER PT J AU Forsyth, RJ Balogh, A Smith, EJ Erdos, G McComas, DJ AF Forsyth, RJ Balogh, A Smith, EJ Erdos, G McComas, DJ TI The underlying Parker spiral structure in the Ulysses magnetic field observations, 1990-1994 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-SOUTH ASYMMETRY; MISSION; STREAM; 1-AU AB The fundamental aim of the Ulysses space mission is to extend our understanding of the heliosphere into three dimensions. By April 1994 the spacecraft had reached a heliographic latitude of 60 degrees S. Hourly averages of the Ulysses heliospheric magnetic field observations have been analyzed to determine to what extent the underlying field direction within 60 degrees of the heliographic equator can be described by the Parker spiral model. At all latitudes from near the ecliptic southward to 60 degrees S, the most probable value of the azimuthal orientation of the field lines remained in approximate agreement with the Parker model. Once Ulysses passed southward of the maximum latitude of the heliospheric current sheet at about 30 degrees S it became possible to study the distribution of the azimuth angle in purely inward polarity southern hemisphere fields without the confusion between the northern and southern hemisphere sectors. This distribution is revealed to be highly asymmetric with a greater probability of observing field lines with an azimuth angle less tightly wound than the most probable angle, Comparison with near-ecliptic data showed a similar asymmetry in inward polarity field sectors while in outward polarity sectors there was an asymmetry in the opposite sense. We suggest that the asymmetry in the >30 degrees S azimuth angle distribution arises due to the presence of long-period radially outward propagating Alfven waves in the solar wind flows originating from the southern polar coronal hole, In addition, from studying the meridional (north-south) orientation of the field lines we find that at south heliographic latitudes within about 25 degrees of the equator there is a tendency in the Ulysses data set for the field lines to be on average deflected equatorward of their expected direction, most likely due to flow deflections associated with the interaction of high- and low-speed solar wind streams. C1 KFKI,INST NUCL & PARTICLE PHYS,H-1525 BUDAPEST 114,HUNGARY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP Forsyth, RJ (reprint author), UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL,BLACKETT LAB,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. NR 22 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.1029/95JA02977 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000035 ER PT J AU Horbury, TS Balogh, A Forsyth, RJ Smith, EJ AF Horbury, TS Balogh, A Forsyth, RJ Smith, EJ TI Magnetic field signatures of unevolved turbulence in solar polar flows SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIAL EVOLUTION; POWER SPECTRA; WIND; FLUCTUATIONS; AU AB Between late 1993 and the middle of 1994, Ulysses stayed almost constantly within flows from the Sun's southern polar coronal hole, traveling from 44 degrees S to 69 degrees S heliolatitude and between 4.0 and 2.9 AU from the Sun. Magnetic field observations within this region reveal a very different medium from that at similar heliocentric distances near the ecliptic. Nearly 160 days of magnetic field data taken within this region are studied using structure functions. We demonstrate that the polar plasma flow is turbulent, with different populations of fluctuations on different scales. On spacecraft scales of 10(2) - 10(3) s, the fluctuations are indicative of inertial range turbulence and are intermittent, with a spectral slope near 1.7. On larger scales, the fluctuations are not intermittent, and the spectral slope is near 1. The similarities and differences between polar and near-ecliptic fluctuations are discussed. C1 CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. RP Horbury, TS (reprint author), UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL, BLACKETT LAB, LONDON SW7 2BZ, ENGLAND. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 405 EP 413 DI 10.1029/95JA01343 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000036 ER PT J AU Gazis, PR AF Gazis, PR TI Long-term enhancements in solar wind speed SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COSMIC-RAY MODULATION; LARGE HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; VOYAGER-2 OBSERVATIONS; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; EARTH AB Long-term enhancements in solar wind speed over timescales of the order of a year appear to be a common feature throughout the heliosphere over heliocentric distances that range from less than 0.72 AU to greater than 60 AU. The origin of these events remains to be determined, but they are almost certainly associated with long-term variations st the solar wind source, in contrast with smaller-scale structures such as corotating interaction regions (CIRs), merged interaction regions (MIRs), and global merged interaction regions (GMIRs), which are dynamical in origin. We present a survey of the long-term speed enhancements observed at the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO), IMP 8, Voyager 2, and Pioneer 10 between 1974 and 1994 and compare this with published reports of smaller-scale events such as MIRs. We examine several of these long-term speed enhancements in detail to identify and characterize aspects of their structure, and then describe how that structure evolves with heliocentric distance. Finally, we discuss some of the implications of these events. RP Gazis, PR (reprint author), NASA, AMES RES CTR, SAN JOSE STATE UNIV FDN, MS 245-3, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 415 EP 424 DI 10.1029/95JA02638 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000037 ER PT J AU Kainer, S MacDowall, RJ AF Kainer, S MacDowall, RJ TI A ring beam mechanism for radio wave emission in the interplanetary medium SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; ELECTRON VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; LANGMUIR-WAVES; PLASMA-WAVES; ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; FORESHOCK; RADIATION; UPSTREAM; INSTABILITY; REGIONS AB Radio wave emission sources in the interplanetary medium (IPM) include type II and type III radio bursts and emission from planetary bow shock regions. The presence of electron beams in a range of energies suggests the possibility of a ring beam-plasma interaction as a mechanism for the generation of radio waves at both the fundamental and the second harmonic of the background electron plasma frequency. In this paper, ring beam-plasma interactions are simulated for the conditions of the IPM, omega(e)/Omega(e) = 100 to 200. In these simulations, the ring beam-plasma interaction couples the electrostatic Langmuir waves at the fundamental plasma frequency to electromagnetic waves; harmonic radiation is produced by an electrostatic trapped electron instability. Mode conversion processes permit the Z mode radiation generated through these instabilities to be converted to the X mode. Examination of both theory and observations suggests the ring beam-plasma interaction as a candidate for many of the radio phenomena in the IPM. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP Kainer, S (reprint author), BKG RES,3622 ORDWAY ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20016, USA. RI MacDowall, Robert/D-2773-2012 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 495 EP 508 DI 10.1029/95JA02026 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000042 ER PT J AU Joughin, I Winebrenner, D Fahnestock, M Kwok, R Krabill, W AF Joughin, I Winebrenner, D Fahnestock, M Kwok, R Krabill, W TI Measurement of ice-sheet topography using satellite radar interferometry SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADARS; BALANCE AB Detailed digital elevation models (DEMs) do not exist for much of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Radar altimetry is at present the primary, in many cases the only, source of topographic data over the ice sheers, but the horizontal resolution of such data is coarse. Satellite-radar interferometry uses the phase difference between pairs of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to measure both ice-sheet topography and surface displacement. We have applied this technique using ERS-1 SAR data to make detailed (i.e. 80 m horizontal resolution) maps of surface topography in a 100 km by 300 km strip in West Greenland, extending northward from just above Jakobshavns Isbrae. Comparison with a 76 km long line of airborne laser-altimeter data shows that we have achieved a relative accuracy of 2.5 m along the profile. These observations provide a detailed view of dynamically supported topography near the margin of an ice sheet. In the final section we compare our estimate of topography with phase contours due to motion, and confirm our earlier analysis concerning vertical ice-sheet motion and complexity in ERS-1 SXR interferograms. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,APPL PHYS LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98105. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT METEOROL,JGESS,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,OBSERVAT SCI BRANCH,WALLOPS FLIGHT FACIL,WALLOPS ISL,VA 23337. RP Joughin, I (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. RI Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008; Joughin, Ian/A-2998-2008; Fahnestock, Mark/N-2678-2013 OI Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896; Joughin, Ian/0000-0001-6229-679X; NR 27 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 12 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1996 VL 42 IS 140 BP 10 EP 22 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA UF208 UT WOS:A1996UF20800002 ER PT J AU Rignot, E Foster, R Isacks, B AF Rignot, E Foster, R Isacks, B TI Interferometric radar observations of Glaciar San Rafael, Chile SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADARS; ICE-SHEET MOTION AB Interferometric radar-observations of Glaciar San Rafael, Chile, were collected in October 1994 by NASA's Spaceborne Imaging Radar C (SIR-C) at both L- (24 cm) and C-band frequency (5.6 cm), with vertical transmit and receive polarization. The C-band data did not yield good geophysical products, because the temporal coherence of the signal was significantly reduced after 24 h. The L-band data were, however, successfully employed to map the surface topography of the icefield with a 10 m uncertainty in height, and measure ice velocity with a precision of 4 mm d(-1) or 1.4 m a(-1). The corresponding error in strain rates is 0.05 a(-1) at a 30 m horizontal spacing. The one-dimensional interferometric velocities were subsequently converted to horizontal displacements by assuming a flow direction and complemented by feature-tracking results near the calving front. The results provide a comprehensive view of the ice-flow dynamics of Glaciar San Rafael. The glacier has a core of rapid flow, 4.5 km in width and 3.5 degrees in average slope, surrounded by slower-moving ice, not by rock. Ice velocity is 2.6 m d(-1) or 0.95 km a(-1) near the equilibrium-line altitude (1200 m), increasing rapidly before the glacier enters the narrower terminal valley, to reach 17.5 m d(-1) or 6.4 km a(-1) at the calving front. Strain rates are dominated by lateral shearing at the glacier margins (0.4-0.7 a(-1)), except for the terminal-valley section, where longitudinal strain rates average close to l a(-1). This spectacular longitudinal increase in ice velocity in the last few kilometers may be a fundamental feature of tidewater glaciers. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Rignot, E (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014 OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481 NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1996 VL 42 IS 141 BP 279 EP 291 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA VQ974 UT WOS:A1996VQ97400010 ER PT J AU Bindschadler, R Vornberger, P Blankenship, D Scambos, T Jacobel, R AF Bindschadler, R Vornberger, P Blankenship, D Scambos, T Jacobel, R TI Surface velocity and mass balance of Ice Streams D and E, West Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHELF AB Over 75 000 surface-velocity measurements are extracted from sequential satellite imagery of Ice Streams D and E to reveal a complex pattern of flow not apparent from previous measurements. Horizontal and vertical strain rates, calculated from surface velocity, indicate that the bed experiences larger basal shear where the surface of these ice streams is rougher. Ten airborne-radar profiles and one surface-based radar profile of ice thickness make possible the calculation of mass balance for longitudinal sections of each ice stream. Improved data-collection methods increase data density, substantially reducing random errors in velocity. However, systematic errors continue to limit the ability of the flux-differencing technique used here to resolve local variations in mass balance. Nevertheless, significant local variations in mass balance are revealed, while, overall, Ice Streams D and E are in approximate equilibrium. An earlier estimate of the net mass balance for Ice Stream D is improved. C1 GEN SCI CORP,LAUREL,MD 20707. UNIV TEXAS,INST GEOPHYS,AUSTIN,TX 78759. UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,NATL SNOW & ICE DATA CTR,BOULDER,CO 80309. ST OLAF COLL,DEPT PHYS,NORTHFIELD,MN 55057. RP Bindschadler, R (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 971,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Scambos, Ted/B-1856-2009; Blankenship, Donald/G-5935-2010 NR 25 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1996 VL 42 IS 142 BP 461 EP 475 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA WE624 UT WOS:A1996WE62400008 ER PT J AU Rignot, E AF Rignot, E TI Tidal motion, ice velocity and melt rate of Petermann Gletscher, Greenland, measured from radar interferometry SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHEET MOTION; SHELF; ANTARCTICA; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB Over a floating glacier ice tongue or an ice shelf the glacier motion measured by a single, repeat-pass, radar interferogram is difficult to analyze, because the long-term, steady motion of the ice is intermixed with ifs cyclic, downward motion induced by tidal forcing. Multiple interferograms and a quadruple-difference technique are necessary to separate the tidal signal from the long-term, steady motion of the ice. An example of application of this technique is given here using ERS-1 radar images of Petermann Gletscher. a major outlet glacier of northern Greenland. Tidal displacements are measured with <5 mm statistical noise. The long-term ice velocity is measured with a precision of 1 ma(-1). The inferred tidal displacements agree well with model predictions from a fixed elastic beam with an elastic damping factor of 0.47 +/- 0.01 km(-1). The hinge line is mapped with a precision of 20-80 m. Combining the interferometric ice velocities with ice thickness data, the glacier ice discharge is calculated at and below the hinge line. At the hinge line, the ice flux is 12.1 +/- 1 km(3) a(-1). Ar the ice front, calf-ice production is only 0.59 km(3) a(-1), meaning that 95% of the ice that crosses the grounding line melts before it reaches the calving front. Assuming steady-state conditions, the melt rate of the glacier tongue averages 12 +/- 1 ma(-1) with peak values exceeding 20 m a(-1) near the hinge line. This high melt rate cannot be accommodated by surface ablation alone (only about 2-3 ma(-1)) and is attributed to pronounced basal melting of the ice tongue. Basal melting, often assumed to be negligible in Greenland, is the dominant process of mass release from the floating section of Petermann Gletscher. RP Rignot, E (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014 OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481 NR 33 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1996 VL 42 IS 142 BP 476 EP 485 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA WE624 UT WOS:A1996WE62400009 ER PT J AU Joughin, I Kwok, R Fahnestock, M AF Joughin, I Kwok, R Fahnestock, M TI Estimation of ice-sheet motion using satellite radar interferometry: Method and error analysis with application to Humboldt Glacier, Greenland SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADARS; DYNAMICS AB Satellite radar interferometry provides glaciologists with an important new tool for determining the motion and topography of large ice sheets. We examine the sources of error in interferometrically derived ice-motion measurements, including those errors due to inaccurate estimates of the interferometric baseline. Several simulations are used to assess baseline accuracy in terms of tie-point error and the number and distribution of tie points. These results give insight into how best to select tie points, and also demonstrate the level of accuracy that can be achieved. Examination of two representative cases likely to occur in mapping ice-sheet motion leads to the conclusion that with adequate tie-point information ice velocity can be measured accurately to within a few meters per year. A method to correct horizontal velocity estimates for the, effect of vertical displacement using surface slopes is also developed. Finally we estimate the single-component velocity field for an area on Humboldt Glacier, northern Greenland, using interferograms formed from ERS-1 SXR images. We estimate that these velocity measurements are accurate to within 2.3 m year(-1). C1 UNIV MARYLAND, JCESS, DEPT METEOROL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP Joughin, I (reprint author), CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, 4800 OAK GROVE DR, MS 300-235, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. RI Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008; Joughin, Ian/A-2998-2008; Fahnestock, Mark/N-2678-2013 OI Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896; Joughin, Ian/0000-0001-6229-679X; NR 24 TC 89 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1996 VL 42 IS 142 BP 564 EP 575 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA WE624 UT WOS:A1996WE62400017 ER PT J AU Lim, KB AF Lim, KB TI Robust control design framework for substructure models SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID DECENTRALIZED CONTROL; SYSTEMS AB A framework for designing control systems directly from substructure models and uncertainties Is proposed. The technique is based on combining a set of substructure robust control problems by an interface stiffness matrix that appears as a constant gain feedback. Variations of uncertainties in the interface stiffness are treated as a parametric uncertainty. It is shown that multivariable robust control can be applied to generate centralized or decentralized controllers that guarantee performance with respect to uncertainties in the interface stiffness, reduced component modes, and external disturbances. The technique is particularly suited for large, complex, and weakly coupled flexible structures. RP Lim, KB (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,FLIGHT DYNAM & CONTROL DIV,GUIDANCE & CONTROL BRANCH,HAMPTON,VA 23665, USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.2514/3.21596 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA TQ531 UT WOS:A1996TQ53100025 ER PT J AU Miyoshi, K AF Miyoshi, K TI Tribology of diamond films - Wear resistant, self-lubricating surfaces SO JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SOCIETY OF TRIBOLOGISTS LA Japanese DT Review RP NASA, LEWIS RES CTR, 21000 BROOKPK RD, MS 23-2, CLEVELAND, OH 44135 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC TRIBOLOGISTS PI TOKYO PA KIKAI SHINKO KAIKAN NO 407-2 5-8 SHIBA-KOEN 3-CHOME MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0915-1168 J9 J JPN SOC TRIBOLOGIS JI J. Jpn. Soc. Tribol. PY 1996 VL 41 IS 9 BP 742 EP 747 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA VU045 UT WOS:A1996VU04500008 ER PT J AU Hyatt, MJ Bansal, NP AF Hyatt, MJ Bansal, NP TI Crystal growth kinetics in BaOAl(2)O(3)2SiO(2) and SrOAl(2)O(3)2SiO(2) glasses SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METAL FLUORIDE GLASSES; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Crystallization kinetics of BaOAl(2)O(3)2SiO(2) (BAS) and SrOAl(2)O(3)2SiO(2) (SAS) glasses in bulk and powder forms have been studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystal growth activation energies were evaluated to be 473 and 451 kJ mol(-1) for bulk samples and 560 and 534 kJ mol(-1) for powder specimens in BAS and SAS glasses, respectively. Development of crystalline phases on thermal treatments of glasses at various temperatures has been followed by powder X-ray diffraction. Powder samples crystallized at lower temperatures than the bulk and the crystallization temperature was lower for SAS glass than BAS. Crystallization in both glasses appeared to be surface nucleated. The high temperature phase hexacelsian, MAl(2)Si(2)O(8) (M=Ba or Sr), crystallized first by nucleating preferentially on the glass surface. Also, monoclinic celsian does not nucleate directly in the glass, but is formed at higher temperatures from the transformation of the metastable hexagonal phase. In SAS the transformation to monoclinic celsian occurred rapidly after 1 h at 1100 degrees C. In contrast, in BAS this transformation is sluggish and difficult and did not go to completion even after 10 h heat treatment at 1400 degrees C. The crystal growth morphologies in the glasses have been observed by optical microscopy. Some of the physical properties of the two glasses are also reported. C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 22 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 9 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 172 EP 184 DI 10.1007/BF00355142 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TP416 UT WOS:A1996TP41600023 ER PT J AU Akapo, SO Dimandja, JMD Matyska, MT Pesek, JJ AF Akapo, SO Dimandja, JMD Matyska, MT Pesek, JJ TI Spectroscopic and chromatographic evaluation of cyclic siloxane bonded phases for microcolumn gas chromatography of lower hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Article DE extraterrestrial atmospheres; light hydrocarbons; microcolumn gas chromatography; cyclic siloxanes; solid state NMR; DRIFT ID TITANS ATMOSPHERE; CAPILLARY COLUMN; INTERMEDIATE; NITRILES AB Cyclic organosiloxanes were chemically bonded to silica gels and evaluated for possible use in microcolumn gas chromatography of light hydrocarbons in extraterrestrial atmospheres. DRIFT and solid state NMR spectroscopic studies confirmed the bonding of the siloxanes onto the silica surface. The surface concentration of the phases, which varied with the reactivity of the siloxane bond toward proton attack, were in the range of 0.31 mu mol m(-2) for octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane to 2.39 mu mol m(-2) for hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane packings. Of the five columns investigated, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane and pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane bonded phases seem to provide good separation of the test solutes presumably due to their somewhat higher surface coverage. All the columns gave similar H vs. (u) over bar curves with a shallow and flat minimum at the optimum region. The phases are thermally stable up to 300 degrees C and allowed fast analysis of C-1-C-4 hydrocarbons under isothermal conditions. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 SAN JOSE STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,SAN JOSE,CA 95192. RP Akapo, SO (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,EXOBIOL BRANCH,MAIL STOP 239-12,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICROSEPARATIONS INC PI PROVO PA DEPT CHEM BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, PROVO, UT 84602-1022 SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PY 1996 VL 8 IS 3 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-667X(1996)8:3<189::AID-MCS4>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA UM904 UT WOS:A1996UM90400004 ER PT J AU MoazzenAhmadi, N Ozier, I McRae, GA Cohen, EA AF MoazzenAhmadi, N Ozier, I McRae, GA Cohen, EA TI Millimeter-wave spectra of CH3SiH3 in the two interacting torsional states (v(12)=0, v(6)=3) and (v(12)=1, v(6)=0) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID METHYL SILANE; INTERNAL-ROTATION AB Pure rotational spectra of gaseous CH3SiH3 in the two interacting torsional states (v(12) = 0, v(6) = 3) and (v(12) = 1, v(6) = 0) were observed in the region from 87 to 197 GHz using a mm-wave spectrometer. Here v(12) and v(6) are, respectively, the principal quantum numbers for the silyl rocking mode and for the torsion. A total of 79 rotational frequencies were measured for J = 4 <-- 3 to J = 9 <-- 8. These new measurements, 22 rotational frequencies in the (v(12) = 0, v(6) = 3) state reported previously, but not analyzed satisfactorily, and 2607 frequencies from a variety of other earlier experiments were fitted to within the experimental uncertainty by an effective Hamiltonian which included 22 parameters for the ground vibrational state, 12 parameters for the (v(12) = 1) vibrational state, and 3 parameters which characterize the interactions between these two states. Some of the mm-wave lines are perturbed by about 600 MHz. The form of the effective Hamiltonian is severely constrained by the large number of precision data on various torsional levels in the ground vibrational state, 0 less than or equal to v(6) less than or equal to 3, and on the excited vibrational state (v(12) = 1, v(6) = 0) The model predictions for the (v(12) = 0, V-6 = 4) torsional state and the measurements reported by Wong et al. (J. Mol. Spectrosc. 102, 89, 1983) agree to better than 500 kHz. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT PHYS,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1Z1,CANADA. ATOM ENERGY CANADA LTD,CHALK RIVER LAB,CHALK RIVER,ON K0J 1J0,CANADA. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP MoazzenAhmadi, N (reprint author), UNIV LETHBRIDGE,DEPT PHYS,LETHBRIDGE,AB T1K 3M4,CANADA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 175 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1996.0008 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA TX208 UT WOS:A1996TX20800009 ER PT J AU Giver, LP Chackerian, C Spencer, MN Brown, LR Wattson, RB AF Giver, LP Chackerian, C Spencer, MN Brown, LR Wattson, RB TI The rovibrational intensities of the (40(0)1)<-(00(0)0) pentad absorption bands of (CO2)-C-12-O-16 between 7284 and 7921 cm(-1) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENERGY-LEVELS; CO2 BANDS; VENUS; SPECTROSCOPY; NIGHTSIDE AB Absolute line intensities and Herman-Wallis type intensity parameters of (CO2)-C-12-O-16, experimentally measured for the first time for the (40 degrees 1)(IV) <-- (00 degrees 0) band at 7460 cm(-1) and the (40 degrees 1)(l) <-- (00 degrees 0) band at 7921 cm(-1). The rotationless band strengths at 296 K are respectively s(vib)(o)[IV] = 0.0429(6) x 10(-22) Cm-1/(molecule/Cm-2) S-vib(o)[I] = 0.00189(6) X 10(-22) cm(-1)/(molecule/cm(2)). In addition, previous measurements on the (40 degrees 1)(II) <-- (00 degrees 0) and (40 degrees 1)(III) <-- (00 degrees 0) bands have been reanalyzed to be consistent with definitions of Herman-Wallis parameters currently in use. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. UTAH STATE UNIV,STEWART RADIANCE LAB,BEDFORD,MA 01730. RP Giver, LP (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 175 IS 1 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1996.0014 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA TX208 UT WOS:A1996TX20800015 ER PT J AU Seidewitz, E AF Seidewitz, E TI Controlling inheritance SO JOURNAL OF OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIGS PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 588 BROADWAY SUITE 604, NEW YORK, NY 10012-5408 SN 0896-8438 J9 J OBJECT-ORIENT PROG JI J. Object-Oriented Program. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 8 BP 36 EP 42 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA TL947 UT WOS:A1996TL94700007 ER PT J AU Brunetti, MT Codino, A Grimani, C Menichelli, M Miozza, M Salvatori, I Golden, RL Kimbell, BL Stephens, SA Stochaj, SJ Webber, WR Brancaccio, FM Papini, P Piccardi, S Spillantini, P Basini, G Bongiorno, F Ricci, M Ormes, JF Streitmatter, RE DePascale, MP Morselli, A Picozza, P AF Brunetti, MT Codino, A Grimani, C Menichelli, M Miozza, M Salvatori, I Golden, RL Kimbell, BL Stephens, SA Stochaj, SJ Webber, WR Brancaccio, FM Papini, P Piccardi, S Spillantini, P Basini, G Bongiorno, F Ricci, M Ormes, JF Streitmatter, RE DePascale, MP Morselli, A Picozza, P TI Negative pion and muon fluxes in atmospheric cascades at a depth of 5 g cm(-2) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COSMIC-RAY; MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER; CHARGE RATIO; SEA-LEVEL; CALORIMETER; SPECTRUM AB This paper reports observations of the absolute momentum differential fluxes of negative pions and muons between 4 and 15 GeV/c and between 0.3 and 15 GeV/c, respectively, at an atmospheric depth of 5 g cm(-2). The data have been collected by the balloon-borne experiment MASS (matter-antimatter space spectrometer) launched from Prince Albert (Canada) where the geomagnetic cut-off is 650 MV/c. The instrument was flown on the 5th of September 1989, the duration of the flight was 5.5 hours at an altitude of more than 117000 ft. The measured fluxes are compared to calculations. The muon spectrum follows a power law in momentum with a spectral index of 2.36 above 2 GeV/c. C1 UNIV PERUGIA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES,BOMBAY 400005,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. UNIV FLORENCE,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,FLORENCE,ITALY. UNIV FLORENCE,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,FLORENCE,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,LAB NAZL FRASCATI,I-00044 FRASCATI,ROME,ITALY. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV ROMA TOR VERGATA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-00173 ROME,ITALY. UNIV ROMA TOR VERGATA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,ROME,ITALY. RP Brunetti, MT (reprint author), UNIV PERUGIA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. RI Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011 OI Picozza, Piergiorgio/0000-0002-7986-3321; Papini, Paolo/0000-0003-4718-2895; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 22 IS 1 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/22/1/014 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA TQ689 UT WOS:A1996TQ68900015 ER PT J AU Vaidyanathan, H Wajsgras, H Rao, GM AF Vaidyanathan, H Wajsgras, H Rao, GM TI Voltage and capacity stability of the Hubble telescope nickel-hydrogen battery SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE nickel; hydrogen; Hubble telescope; stability; batteries AB The power system of the Hubble Space Telescope includes two orbital replacement units, each containing three nickel-hydrogen (Ni-H-2) batteries of 88 Ah capacity. Since launch in April 1990, the batteries have completed 23 000 charge and discharge cycles and continue to meet the power demands of the satellite. The voltage, capacity, and pressure characteristics of all six batteries were analyzed to determine the state of health of the battery and to identify any signs of performance degradation. The battery pressures have changed to varying degrees. The end-of-charge pressure for battery 4 increased by 96 psi, while that for battery 3 decreased by 37 psi. The voltages of the individual cells show a decay rate of 0.69 mV per 1000 cycles, and the capacity of the batteries has apparently decreased, possibly due to the system being operated at a lower stage of charge. Autonomous battery operation involving charge termination at a preselected voltage continues to restore the energy dissipated during each orbit. The accumulated data on voltages and recharge ratios can be used to design new temperature-compensated voltage levels for similar missions that employ Ni-H-2 batteries. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP Vaidyanathan, H (reprint author), COMSAT LABS,CLARKSBURG,MD 20871, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN PY 1996 VL 58 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1016/0378-7753(95)02253-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA VE117 UT WOS:A1996VE11700002 ER PT J AU Arya, VK Halford, GR Westfall, LJ AF Arya, VK Halford, GR Westfall, LJ TI Large-displacement structural durability analyses of simple specimens emulating rocket chambers SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Large-displacement elastic and elastic-plastic, stress-strain finite element analyses (FEA) of an oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) copper plate specimen were performed using an updated Lagrangian formulation, The plate specimen is intended for low-cost experiments that emulate the most important thermomechanical loading and deformation/failure modes of a more complex rocket thrust chamber. The plate, which is loaded in bending at 593 degrees C, contains a centrally located and internally pressurized channel, The cyclic crack initiation lives were estimated using the results from the FEA analyses and isothermal strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue data for OFHC copper at 538 degrees C, A comparison of the predicted and experimental cyclic lives showed that an elastic analysis predicts a longer cyclic life than that observed in experiments by a factor greater than 4. The results from elastic-plastic analysis for the plate bend specimen, however, predicted a cyclic life in close agreement with experiment, thus justifying the need for the more rigorous stress-strain analysis. C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,STRUCT DIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,DIV MAT,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Arya, VK (reprint author), UNIV AKRON,DEPT MATH SCI,AKRON,OH 44325, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.2514/3.23990 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TQ059 UT WOS:A1996TQ05900008 ER PT J AU Merryman, SA Hall, DK AF Merryman, SA Hall, DK TI Chemical double-layer capacitor power source for electromechanical thrust vector control actuator SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Power sources for electrical actuation systems need to be made as compact as possible for many potential applications. Size and weight constraints require that the energy and power densities of the source he as large as possible, While, in general, it is not possible to optimize both these parameters simultaneously, chemical double-layer (CDL) capacitor technology offers an excellent combination of the desirable energy and power density characteristics required in a source for these applications, The work presented here focuses on the design, testing, and evaluation of the CDL capacitor technology in combination with batteries as a unique power source for electrical actuation systems. In this research effort CDL capacitor technology was applied in the design and development of a power source for thrust vector control electromechanical actuators currently being developed for use on the Space Shuttle's solid rocket boosters, CDL capacitors have many properties that make them well suited for actuator applications, Among them are that they have the highest demonstrated energy density for capacitive storage (about a factor of 5-10 less than NiCd batteries), have power densities up to 50 times greater than NiCd batteries, are capable of 500,000 charge-discharge cycles, can be charged at extremely high rates, and have nonexplosive failure modes. Thus, CDL capacitors exhibit a combination of desirable battery and capacitor characteristics. C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,POWER SYST BRANCH EB72,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. RP Merryman, SA (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SPACE POWER INST,LEACH SCI CTR 231,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.2514/3.23995 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TQ059 UT WOS:A1996TQ05900013 ER PT J AU Kraus, DK Cutler, AD AF Kraus, DK Cutler, AD TI Mixing of swirling jets in a supersonic duct flow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID LAYER AB Hydrogen fuel injected into a scramjet combustor must mix rapidly if complete combustion is to occur within a reasonable streamwise distance. An experiment has been conducted to determine whether the addition of swirl will improve the mixing of a supersonic jet of fuel simulant (helium or air) injected at 30 deg to the wall into a confined Mach 2 airflow. The swirling jets were created by injecting the fuel simulant tangentially into a cylindrical chamber and accelerating it through a convergent-divergent nozzle. The flow was visualized by imaging Rayleigh scattering from a laser light sheet, and the plume penetration and cross-sectional area were obtained. The plumes from the swirling and nonswirling jets had comparable penetration and area, but the swirling jets contained substantially less mass flow, suggesting better mixing efficiency. Interaction of streamwise vorticity within the plumes of the swirling jets with their images in the duct wall caused the plumes to be inclined laterally to the freestream. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,JOINT INST ADVANCEMENT FLIGHT SCI,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,JOINT INST ADVANCEMENT FLIGHT SCI,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.2514/3.24007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TQ059 UT WOS:A1996TQ05900025 ER PT J AU Barkhoudarian, S Cross, GS Lorenzo, CF AF Barkhoudarian, S Cross, GS Lorenzo, CF TI Advanced instrumentation for next-generation aerospace propulsion control systems SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,DIV INSTRUMENTAT & CONTROLS TECHNOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Barkhoudarian, S (reprint author), ROCKWELL INT CORP,DIV ROCKETDYNE,CANOGA PK,CA 91303, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 12 IS 1 BP 205 EP 206 DI 10.2514/3.24012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TQ059 UT WOS:A1996TQ05900030 ER PT J AU Galant, DC Goorvitch, D AF Galant, DC Goorvitch, D TI Accurate evaluation of quantum integrals SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB Combining an appropriate finite difference method with Richardson's extrapolation results in a simple, highly accurate numerical method for solving a Schrodinger's equation. Important results are that error estimates are provided, and that one can extrapolate expectation values rather than the wavefunctions to obtain highly accurate expectation values. We discuss the eigenvalues, the error growth in repeated Richardson's extrapolation, and show that: the expectation values calculated on a crude mesh can be extrapolated to obtain expectation values of high accuracy. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,DIV SPACE SCI,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NASA,AMES RES CTR,COMPUTAT SYST RES DIV,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 55 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1016/0022-4073(95)00138-7 PG 6 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA TN215 UT WOS:A1996TN21500006 ER PT J AU Zoby, EV AF Zoby, EV TI Journal support SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Zoby, EV (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.2514/3.55693 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV691 UT WOS:A1996TV69100001 ER PT J AU Wang, TS AF Wang, TS TI Grid-resolved analysis of base flowfield for four-engine clustered nozzle configuration SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study is to develop and to anchor a computational methodology for the base flowfield of a four-engine clustered nozzle configuration. This computational methodology is based on a three-dimensional, viscous flow, pressure-based computational-fluid-dynamics formulation. For efficient computation, a Prandtl-Meyer solution treatment is applied to the algebraic grid lines near nozzle lip for resolution of the initial plume expansion angle. As the solution evolves, the computational grid is solution-adapted according to pertinent flowfield parameters. The model employs a formally second order-accurate adaptive upwind scheme in which second- and fourth-order central-differencing schemes with minimal dissipation are used. Qualitative clustered-nozzle base-flow features such as the reverse jet, plume-to plume recompression shock, base recompression, and vent-area choking were numerically captured, The computed quantitative base-flow properties such as the radial base pressure distributions, model centerline static pressure, Mach-number and impact-pressure variations, and characteristic curve of base pressure vs ambient pressure agreed reasonably well with those of the measurement, The pertinent clustered-nozzle base-how physics are highlighted and described in detail by comparing the numerical computations with appropriate test results. RP Wang, TS (reprint author), NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812, USA. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV691 UT WOS:A1996TV69100004 ER PT J AU Murphy, J Chow, E Markley, R AF Murphy, J Chow, E Markley, R TI Systems design of a satellite link protocol SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB We show how it might be possible to adapt asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology to satellite links. The ATM is a high-speed protocol designed with optical fiber as the intended transmission medium. Several problems arise when satellite channels are used. We propose to move the error recovery and detection from one layer of the ATM protocol to a higher layer. We base the retransmission strategy on the service carried, which utilizes the ability of the ATM protocol to differentiate services. Our simulation results show that we not only increase the raw data throughput for satellite channels to almost the theoretical limit, but we have improved the data transfer efficiency of the ATM protocol by 7.5%. Our results also show that it is possible to guarantee data services with no loss of data under certain conditions. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,ADV INFORMAT SYST SECT,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.2514/3.55705 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV691 UT WOS:A1996TV69100007 ER PT J AU Palmer, G Buning, P Yanowitz, H Venkatapathy, E AF Palmer, G Buning, P Yanowitz, H Venkatapathy, E TI Three-dimensional computational analysis of complex launch vehicle configurations SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID IMPLICIT AB Computational fluid dynamic analysis is performed on the Conestoga 1620 vehicle configuration at Mach 0.8 and 1.49 points along its ascent trajectory Because the vehicle geometry is complex, how solutions were obtained using a technique where overlapping volume grids are generated over each individual component. Calculations were performed to evaluate the pressure loading on the structural components, compute aerodynamic drag, and determine the effect the pressure distribution would have, if any, on booster separation. Pressure loading on the wire tunnels was found to exceed original design limits, and the wire tunnels were strengthened as a result of this study. There was no evidence of flow impingement on the motor nozzles. Pressure forces on the strap on boosters do not appear as though they will hinder booster separation. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,APPL AERODYNAM BRANCH,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. EER SYST CORP,SEABROOK,MD 20706. THERMOSCI INST,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP Palmer, G (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,REACTING FLOW ENVIRONM BRANCH,MAIL STOP 230-2,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.2514/3.55706 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV691 UT WOS:A1996TV69100008 ER PT J AU Gupta, RN Lee, KP Scott, CD AF Gupta, RN Lee, KP Scott, CD TI Aerothermal study of Mars pathfinder aeroshell SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-LAYER SOLUTIONS AB An aerothermodynamic study of the Mars Pathfinder aeroshell is carried out through a viscous-shock layer (VSL) analysis with and without surface ablation. Stagnation-point results are obtained along a specified trajectory, and detailed calculations along the body are provided at the peak-heating point. The formulation of VSL equations with a new length scale and the implementation of the Vigneron pressure condition predict the extent of the subsonic region and the surface pressure, which compare wed with Navier-Stokes calculations. For equilibrium as well as nonequilibrium flow results, a gas composed of 16 species is used to model the shock layer for the Martian atmosphere (97% CO2 and 3% N-2). A physically consistent surface recombination model (which allows for the diffusion limitation of reactants) for CO2 is obtained. A parametric study at the trajectory peak-heating point suggests that surface catalysis has the largest effect on heating prediction. The maximum stagnation-point heating of 127 W/cm(2) is obtained at an altitude of 40.7 km from nonequilibrium chemistry calculations with fully recombined CO2 as the surface boundary condition. Equilibrium chemistry gives a similar value for the nonablation case at this altitude. Calculations have also been carried out to evaluate the reduction in heating because of ablation. A decrease of about 9% in the stagnation-heating value (with equilibrium chemistry) is obtained at the peak-heating point. C1 VIGYAN INC,HAMPTON,VA 23666. NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,NAVIGAT CONTROL & AERONAUT DIV,AEROSCI BRANCH,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP Gupta, RN (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,GAS DYNAM DIV,AEROTHERMODYNAM BRANCH,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.2514/3.55708 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV691 UT WOS:A1996TV69100010 ER PT J AU Tan, A Badhwar, GD Allahdadi, FA Medina, DF AF Tan, A Badhwar, GD Allahdadi, FA Medina, DF TI Analysis of the solwind fragmentation event using theory and computations SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID BREAKUP; IMPACT AB The planned fragmentation of the Solwind satellite in an antisatellite experiment is analyzed from the radar data on the fragments obtained following the experiment. The orthogonal components of the velocity perturbations received by the fragments are calculated, and the angular distributions of the fragments obtained. Groups of three or four fragments having similar velocity changes most likely originated from adjacent parts of Solwind or the antisatellite, and this episode may be an example of sequential fragmentation in space. The angular distribution of the fragments shows a primary and a secondary area of concentration of the fragments, the former possibly indicating the exit area of the antisatellite fragments. Three fragments thrown out with extremely large velocity boosts in the forward direction were objects of much speculation. The possibility that these represented ricochet ejecta resulting from oblique hypervelocity impact between Solwind and the antisatellite is discussed. The velocity of the antisatellite at the moment of impact is estimated to have been near 1 km/s. The angles of encounter, impact, and ricochet are defined and determined. The observed angle between the antisatellite and the ricochet fragments suggests that incidence near 45 deg was possible. The significantly higher ricochet speeds compared with the relative speed between the target and the projectile are consistent with computational results obtained from Lagrangian and Eulerian hydrocodes. The evidence strongly points to the possibility that the three objects were actually ricochet material produced by oblique hypervelocity impact in space. C1 NASA,SPACE SCI BRANCH,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SPACE KINET IMPACT & DEBRIS BRANCH,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Tan, A (reprint author), ALABAMA A&M UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NORMAL,AL 35762, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV691 UT WOS:A1996TV69100012 ER PT J AU Hampton, RD Knospe, CR Grodsinsky, CM AF Hampton, RD Knospe, CR Grodsinsky, CM TI Microgravity isolation system design: A modern control synthesis framework SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID SPACE EXPERIMENTS; LQG REGULATORS; VIBRATION AB Manned orbiters will require active vibration isolation for acceleration-sensitive microgravity science experiments. Umbilicals are highly desirable for many experiments, but their presence greatly affects isolation-problem complexity; they most be considered in controller synthesis. A general framework is presented for applying extended H-2 synthesis methods to optimal-controller design so as to provide robust microgravity vibration isolation. Particular attention is given to handling the large parametric uncertainties characteristic of umbilical models. The methodology integrates control and state frequency weighting and input and output disturbance-accommodation techniques into the basic H-2 synthesis approach. Various system models needed for design and analysis are also presented. We conclude with a discussion of a practical design philosophy for using the extended H-2 synthesis methods to develop an optimal microgravity vibration-isolation controller. It is recommended that relative positions, relative velocities, and payload accelerations be the states of choice; that the entire controller (observer plus regulator) be designed as a unit rather than in two separate parts; and that disturbance-accommodation and frequency-weighting design filters be chosen that call for increased virtual stiffness at low frequencies, increased mass at intermediate frequencies, and controller turnoff at higher frequencies. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT MECH AEROSP & NUCL ENGN,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Hampton, RD (reprint author), MCNEESE STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,POB 91735,DREW HALL,LAKE CHARLES,LA 70609, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.2514/3.55714 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV691 UT WOS:A1996TV69100016 ER PT J AU Hampton, RD Knospe, CR Grodsinsky, CM AF Hampton, RD Knospe, CR Grodsinsky, CM TI Microgravity isolation system design: A modern control analysis framework SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK AB Many acceleration-sensitive, microgravity science experiments will require active vibration isolation from the manned orbiters on which they will be mounted, The isolation problem, especially in the case of a tethered payload, is a complex three-dimensional one that is best suited to modern control design methods, These methods, although more powerful than their classical counterparts, can nonetheless go only so far in meeting the design requirements for practical systems. Once a tentative controller design is available, it must still be evaluated to determine whether or not it is fully acceptable, and to compare it with other possible design candidates, Realistically, such evaluation will be an inherent part of a necessarily iterative design process, In this paper, an approach is presented for applying complex mu-analysis methods to a closed-loop vibration isolation system (experiment plus controller), An analysis framework is presented for evaluating nominal stability, nominal performance, robust stability, and robust performance of active microgravity isolation systems, with emphasis on the effective use of mu-analysis methods, A new technique is also included for deriving guarantees on allowable umbilical and payload mass variations, using complex mu analysis. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT MECH AEROSP & NUCL ENGN,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Hampton, RD (reprint author), MCNEESE STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,POB 91735,DREW HALL,LAKE CHARLES,LA 70609, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.2514/3.55715 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV691 UT WOS:A1996TV69100017 ER PT J AU Hampton, RD Knospe, CR Grodsinsky, CM AF Hampton, RD Knospe, CR Grodsinsky, CM TI Microgravity isolation system design: A case study SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB Many acceleration-sensitive, microgravity science experiments will require active vibration isolation from manned orbiters on which they will be mounted, The isolation problem, especially in the case of a tethered payload, is a complex three-dimensional one that is best suited to modern control design methods, Extended H-2 synthesis is used to design an active isolator (i.e., controller) for a realistic single-input, multiple-output microgravity vibration isolation problem. Complex CL-analysis methods are used to analyze the isolation system with respect to sensor, actuator, and umbilical uncertainties. The design process employed and the insights gained are fully discussed. This design case study provides a practical approach for isolation problems of greater complexity. Issues addressed include a physically intuitive state-space description of the system, disturbance and noise filters, filters for frequency weighting, and uncertainty models. The controlled system satisfies all the performance specifications and is robust with respect to model uncertainties. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT MECH AEROSP & NUCL ENGN,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Hampton, RD (reprint author), MCNEESE STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,POB 91735,DREW HALL,LAKE CHARLES,LA 70609, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.2514/3.55716 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV691 UT WOS:A1996TV69100018 ER PT J AU Swanson, DR Nissen, JA Qin, X Williamson, PR Lipa, JA Chui, TCP Israelsson, UE Gasparini, FM AF Swanson, DR Nissen, JA Qin, X Williamson, PR Lipa, JA Chui, TCP Israelsson, UE Gasparini, FM TI Heat capacity of confined helium very near the Lambda point SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID T-LAMBDA; HE-4 AB We describe the background and status of a Shuttle mission to measure the heat capacity of helium confined by parallel plates with 57-mu m spacing very close to the superfluid transition. The purpose of the experiment is to compare the results with the emerging theory of confined systems with emphasis on the behavior during crossover from three to two dimensions. The experiment will use a cylindrical copper calorimeter of very high thermal conductivity, partly filled with evenly spaced thin silicon plates. It will be attached to a pair of high resolution, fast-response paramagnetic salt thermometers with rms noise levels below 0.1 nK/Hz(1/2) and suspended from a high stability thermal isolation system previously used on the Shuttle. We expect to obtain heat capacity data to within 1 nK of the lambda point. In addition, wide-range data containing information on the behavior of the surface specific heat will be collected. C1 STANFORD UNIV,HANSEN EXPT PHYS LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,TECH STAFF,SCI & TECHNOL DEV SECT,PASADENA,CA 91109. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,LOW TEMP SCI & ENGN GRP,PASADENA,CA 91109. SUNY BUFFALO,AMHERST,NY 14260. RP Swanson, DR (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV691 UT WOS:A1996TV69100023 ER PT J AU Sathish, S Cantrell, JH Yost, WT AF Sathish, S Cantrell, JH Yost, WT TI Scanning acoustic microscopy of SCS-6 silicon carbide fiber SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Scanning acoustic microscopy of SCS-6 silicon carbide fiber reveals large radial variations in acoustic reflectivity associated with the chemical composition and microstructure of a given fiber region. Rayleigh wave fringe patterns observed in each of five subregions are used to calculate the average Young modulus of that subregion. The Young modulus is found to increase monotonically from 40 GPa in the carbon core to a value of 413 GPa in the stoichiometric SiC region. The effective Young modulus of the fiber as a whole is estimated from the moduli of the individual regions and it is compared with mechanical measurements reported in the literature. C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. RP Sathish, S (reprint author), ANALYT SERV & MAT INC,HAMPTON,VA 23666, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 209 EP 212 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb07900.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA TQ054 UT WOS:A1996TQ05400028 ER PT J AU Wake, BE Baeder, JD AF Wake, BE Baeder, JD TI Evaluation of a Navier-Stokes analysis method for hover performance prediction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The TURNS Navier-Stokes analysis was applied in hover to the Black Hawk and 3-to-1 tapered-tip model rotors to evaluate its ability for hover performance prediction, This analysis utilizes a low-dissipative third-order accurate upwinded scheme and a blade-to-blade periodic grid to capture the rotor wake, Calculations were made for two rotors over a wide range of thrust coefficients, The elastic twist and coning measured by experiment were included in the model, Comparisons with experimental torque and Figure of Merit were made, and the flowfield was examined in detail, The correlation with experimental Figure of Merit, using meshes with 380,000 to 950,000 grid points, was considered to be fair for design purposes, The discrepancies with experimental performance data are believed to be due to an inaccurate prediction of the tip-vortex position and strength, resulting in poor loading predictions over the outer span of the blade, The finest grid calculations improved the results, indicating that the results may be improved by more grid refinement and improved meshing, Continued research in the area of grid adaptation and higher-order schemes is necessary to improve the resolution of the tip vortex for the hovering rotor. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,USA,AEROFLIGHTDYNAM DIRECTORATE,ATCOM,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP Wake, BE (reprint author), UNITED TECHNOL RES CTR,E HARTFORD,CT 06108, USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 7 EP 17 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TW342 UT WOS:A1996TW34200002 ER PT J AU Signor, DB Yamauchi, GK Mosher, M Hagen, MJ George, AR AF Signor, DB Yamauchi, GK Mosher, M Hagen, MJ George, AR TI Effects of ingested atmospheric turbulence on measured tail rotor acoustics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Results from an outdoor hover test of a full-scale Lynx tail rotor are presented, The investigation was designed to further the understanding of the acoustics of an isolated tail rotor hovering out-of-ground effect in atmospheric turbulence, without the effects of the main rotor wake or other helicopter components, Measurements include simultaneous rotor performance, noise, inflow, and far-field atmospheric turbulence. Results with grid-generated inflow turbulence are also presented. The effects of atmospheric turbulence ingestion on rotor noise are quantified, In contradiction to current linear theories, increasing rotor inflow and rotor thrust were found to increase turbulence ingestion noise. C1 KENETECH WINDPOWER,LIVERMORE,CA. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY. RP Signor, DB (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 77 EP 90 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TW342 UT WOS:A1996TW34200008 ER PT J AU Boltz, FW AF Boltz, FW TI General transformation of Kepler's equation for p-iterative solution of the Lambert/Gauss problem SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB A general transformation of Kepler's time-of-flight equation (with detailed derivation) is presented in terms of variables suitable for parameter-iterative solution of the Lambert/Gauss orbit determination problem. Flight time between two points along an elliptic orbit is obtained as a function of the direction of motion (either short way or long way), the eccentricity and parameter (semilatus rectum) of the orbit, and the orbital radii and connecting chord at the given points, Functional dependence of flight time on eccentricity is eliminated through use of an auxiliary equation relating eccentricity to the parameter, orbital radii, and connecting chord. The transformed equation for elliptic orbits is general in the sense that it converts readily to a form applicable to hyperbolic orbits. It also provides an expression for flight time between two points along a parabolic orbit in the limit as the value of eccentricity goes to unity. In this special case flight time is obtained as a function of the direction of motion, the orbital radii, and connecting chord only. Considerable simplification of the transformation is achieved by expressing the results in dimensionless form and in terms of the parameter and eccentricity of the symmetric ellipse or minimum-eccentricity orbit associated with the given position vectors. The final formulation for elliptic orbits converts readily to that for hyperbolic orbits and resolves the problem of quadrant ambiguity prevalent in solutions of Kepler's equation. The performance of a parameter-iterative solution algorithm for the Lambert/Gauss problem using the present transformation has been reported in an earlier paper. The present note is intended only to document the derivation of the transformation for archival purposes. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 21 EP 37 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA VE532 UT WOS:A1996VE53200002 ER PT J AU Mullins, LD Evans, SW AF Mullins, LD Evans, SW TI The dynamics of the proposed orbit for the AXAF satellite SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) satellite is planned to be placed in a high-altitude, highly elliptical orbit in the fall of 1998. This orbit is subject to perturbations by the Sun and Moon that will make it change in a manner that is sensitively dependent on the initial conditions and start time and, hence, predictable over long intervals of time only through numerical integration of the equations of motion. The characteristics of such integrated trajectories are discussed here for the AXAF and for the solid motor upper stages used to place it in orbit. RP Mullins, LD (reprint author), NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 39 EP 62 PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA VE532 UT WOS:A1996VE53200003 ER PT J AU Marshall, JA Lerch, FJ Luthcke, SB Williamson, RG Chan, JC AF Marshall, JA Lerch, FJ Luthcke, SB Williamson, RG Chan, JC TI An assessment of TDRSS for precision orbit determination SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TOPEX/POSEIDON AB Tracking data from the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) are used to determine operational orbits for a variety of user spacecraft. These data are not routinely used for precise orbit determination because the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) orbits, derived from Bilateration Ranging Transponder System (BRTS) tracking, are of insufficient accuracy (40-60 m). Therefore, we have investigated alternative orbit determination techniques to improve our knowledge of TDRS and user satellite trajectories. These techniques include incorporating ground based tracking of the user satellite, exploiting the enhanced tracking geometry provided by the user satellite, and improving the force and measurement modeling. Results from analysis of TDRSS-TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) data demonstrate that the TDRSS data are powerful, that computed TDRS orbits have 3-5 m total position accuracies, and that the corresponding T/P ephemerides have 25-40 cm accuracies. C1 HUGHES STX,LANHAM,MD. RP Marshall, JA (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SPACE GEODESY BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Luthcke, Scott/D-6283-2012 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 115 EP 127 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA VE532 UT WOS:A1996VE53200007 ER PT J AU Higgins, RW Schubert, SD AF Higgins, RW Schubert, SD TI Simulations of persistent North Pacific circulation anomalies and interhemispheric teleconnections SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; INTRASEASONAL TIME SCALES; LIFE-CYCLES; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; INSTABILITY THEORY; DAY OSCILLATION; MODEL; CONVECTION; FLUCTUATIONS AB Evidence is presented, from a composite analysis of a 14-year general circulation model simulation, that persistent North Pacific (PNP) circulation anomalies during boreal winter are part of a larger-scale meridional development extending into the Tropics and the Southern Hemisphere. Lagged composites suggest that the development is initiated over the tropical Pacific by anomalous convection (characterized by an east-west dipole structure centered at the date line) one to two weeks prior to the extratropical onset time. Relatively weak wave trains, extending from the region of anomalous convection into the extratropics, appear to set the stage for the subsequent rapid development of the PNP anomalies. After onset, the PNP anomalies extend into the Tropics and enhance moisture transports that tend to supply moisture to, and thus reinforce, the associated tropical precipitation anomalies. The mature stage is characterized by a strong coupling between hemispheres, including twin low-level cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulations straddling the equator with westerly (easterly) wind ''bursts'' on their equatorward flanks. The tropical precipitation anomalies and the extratropical PNP anomalies evolve coherently with tropical intraseasonal oscillations reminiscent of the Madden-Julian oscillation. Results from a similar composite analysis of a shorter (5 year) assimilated atmospheric dataset are generally consistent with the simulated results, despite the substantially smaller sample size. The assimilation, however, positions the tropical heating dipole farther west, in better agreement with previous observational studies of intraseasonal tropical/extratropical teleconnections. As a consequence, the pre-onset Extratropical ''response'' to the tropical anomalies in the simulation has significant phase errors. The remarkably similar evolution in die extratropics after onset suggests that the tropical forcing acts primarily as a catalyst for the development of the PNP anomalies and that the most useful predictors of PNP events may lit not in the extratropics but in the tropical western and central Pacific. C1 NASA, GODDARD LAB ATMOSPHER, GREENBELT, MD USA. RP Higgins, RW (reprint author), NOAA, NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR, CLIMATE PREDICT CTR,DIAGNOST BRANCH, 5200 AUTH RD, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 188 EP 207 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<0188:SOPNPC>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TR398 UT WOS:A1996TR39800014 ER PT J AU Krasich, M AF Krasich, M TI Military specifications, handbooks, and the IES SO JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material RP Krasich, M (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,M-S 301-466,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCI PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 SN 1052-2883 J9 J INST ENVIRON SCI JI J. Inst. Environ. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 39 IS 1 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA TW029 UT WOS:A1996TW02900001 ER PT J AU LAUNIUS, R AF LAUNIUS, R TI THE DARKER SIDE OF VIRTUE - CORRUPTION, SCANDAL AND THE MORMON EMPIRE - SHUPE,A SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Book Review RP LAUNIUS, R (reprint author), NASA,OFF ADMINISTRATOR,WASHINGTON,DC 20546, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009 1531 YUMA, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD JAN PY 1996 VL 35 IS 1 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC History SC History GA TU176 UT WOS:A1996TU17600027 ER PT J AU Siegel, R Spuckler, CM AF Siegel, R Spuckler, CM TI Temperature distributions in semitransparent coatings - A special two-flux solution SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB Radiative transfer is analyzed in a semitransparent coating on an opaque substrate and in a semitransparent layer for evaluating thermal protection behavior and ceramic component performance in high-temperature applications. Some ceramics are partially transparent for radiative transfer, and at high temperatures internal emission and reflections affect their thermal performance. The behavior is examined for a ceramic component for which interior cooling is not provided. Two conditions are considered: 1) the layer is heated by penetration of radiation from hot surroundings while its external surface is simultaneously film cooled by convection, and 2) the surface is heated by convection while the semitransparent material cools from within by radiant emission leaving through the surface. By using the two-flux method, which has been found to yield good accuracy in previous studies, a special solution is obtained for these conditions. The analytical results include isotropic scattering and require only an integration to obtain the temperature distribution within the semitransparent material. Illustrative results are given to demonstrate the nature of the thermal behavior. RP Siegel, R (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,INTERNAL FLUID MECH DIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.2514/3.750 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA TQ034 UT WOS:A1996TQ03400006 ER PT J AU Kamotani, Y Masud, J Pline, A AF Kamotani, Y Masud, J Pline, A TI Oscillatory convection due to combined buoyancy and thermocapillarity SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID MARANGONI-CONVECTION; FLOATING-ZONE; NUMBER; STEADY; MELTS; FLOW AB An experimental study is performed on oscillatory convection due to combined thermocapillarity and buoyancy in open cylindrical containers, The fluid in the containers is heated by a heating rod placed along the centerline of the containers, Various container diameters, ranging from 0.39 to 3.1 cm, are used to change the effect of buoyancy on steady and oscillatory convection. The container aspect ratio (height/radius) ranges from 0.75 to 2 and the heater diameter is 10% of the container diameter in all cases, The test fluids are 1- and 2-cS silicone oils (Prandtl number = 13 and 27 at 25 degrees C). The velocity field is studied by how visualization, whereas the temperature field is measured by a thermocouple probe and thermography, The onset of oscillations and the oscillation frequency are investigated under various conditions, It is found that the basic flow structure is mainly unicellular and thermocapillarity is important for the oscillations in all of the tests. When thermocapillarity is dominant, the Marangoni number is not sufficient to describe the onset conditions. When buoyancy is not negligible, it tends to squeeze the primary cell by thermal stratification and the dynamic Bond number is the parameter characterizing the transition. C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,SPACE EXPT DIV,MICROGRAV FLUID BRANCH,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Kamotani, Y (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT MECH & AEROSP ENGN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.2514/3.759 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA TQ034 UT WOS:A1996TQ03400015 ER PT J AU Sharma, SP Wilson, GJ AF Sharma, SP Wilson, GJ TI Computations of axisymmetric flows in hypersonic shock tubes SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB A time-accurate two-dimensional fluid code is used to compute test times in shock tubes operated at supersonic speeds. Unlike previous studies, this investigation resolves the finer temporal details of the shock-tube flow by making use of modern supercomputers and state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamic solution techniques. The code, besides solving the time-dependent fluid equations, also accounts for the finite rate chemistry in the hypersonic environment. The flowfield solutions are used to estimate relevant shock-tube parameters for laminar flow, such as test times, and to predict density and velocity profiles. Boundary-layer parameters such as delta(u), delta*:, and tau(w), and test time parameters such as tau and particle time of flight t(f), are computed and compared with those evaluated by using Mirels' correlations. This article then discusses in detail the effects of now nonuniformities on particle time-of-flight behind the normal shock and, consequently, on the interpretation of shock-tube data. This article concludes that for accurate interpretation of shock-tube data, a detailed analysis of flowfield parameters, using a computer code such as used in this study, must be performed. C1 THERMOSCI INST,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP Sharma, SP (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MS 230-2,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.2514/3.768 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA TQ034 UT WOS:A1996TQ03400024 ER PT J AU Duffa, G AF Duffa, G TI Corrective term in wall slip equations for Knudsen layer - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article C1 NASA,JOHNSON SPACE FLIGHT CTR,AEROSCI BRANCH,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP Duffa, G (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,AEROTHERMODYNAM BRANCH,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 190 EP 191 DI 10.2514/3.774 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA TQ034 UT WOS:A1996TQ03400030 ER PT J AU Gupta, RN Scott, CD AF Gupta, RN Scott, CD TI Corrective term in wall slip equations for Knudsen layer - Comment SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article C1 NASA,JOHNSON SPACE FLIGHT CTR,AEROSCI BRANCH,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP Gupta, RN (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,AEROTHERMODYNAM BRANCH,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 190 EP 190 DI 10.2514/3.773 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA TQ034 UT WOS:A1996TQ03400029 ER PT J AU Chriss, RM Hathaway, MD Wood, JR AF Chriss, RM Hathaway, MD Wood, JR TI Experimental and computational results from the NASA Lewis low-speed centrifugal impeller at design and part-flow conditions SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition CY JUN 13-16, 1994 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS ID COMPRESSOR AB The NASA Lewis Low-Speed Centrifugal Compressor (LSCC) has been investigated with laser anemometry and computational analysis at two pow conditions: the design condition as well as a lower mass flow condition. Previously I reported experimental and computational results at the design condition ni are in the literature (Hathaway et al., 1993). In that paper extensive analysis showed that inducer blade boundary layers are centrifuged outward and entrained into the tip clearance pow and hence contribute significantly to the throughflow wake. In this report results are presented for a lower mass flow condition along with further results from the design case. The data set contained herein consists of three-dimensional laser velocimeter results upstream, inside, and downstream of the impeller. In many locations data have been obtained in the blade and endwall boundary layers. The data are presented in the form of throughflow velocity contours as well as secondary flow vectors. The results reported herein illustrate the effects of flow rate on the development of the throughflow momentum wake as well as on the secondary flow. The computational results presented confirm the ability of modem computational tools to model the complex flow in a subsonic centrifugal compressor accurately. However, the blade rip shape and tip clearance must be known in order to properly simulate the flow physics. In addition, the ability to predict changes in the throughflow wake, which is largely fed by the tip clearance pow, as the impeller is throttled should give designers much better confidence in using computational tools to improve impeller performance. C1 USA,RES LAB,VEHICLE PROPLUS DIRECTORATE,CLEVELAND,OH. RP Chriss, RM (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 1996 VL 118 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA UF837 UT WOS:A1996UF83700009 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, JJ Celestina, ML Chen, JP AF Adamczyk, JJ Celestina, ML Chen, JP TI Wake-induced unsteady flows: Their impact on rotor performance and wake rectification SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition CY JUN 13-16, 1994 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS ID 3-DIMENSIONAL VISCOUS-FLOW AB The impact of wake-induced unsteady flows on blade row performance and the wake rectification process is examined by means of means numerical simulation. The passage of a stator wake through a downstream rotor is first simulated using a three-dimensional unsteady viscous flow code. The results from this simulation are used to define two steady-state inlet conditions for a three-dimensional viscous flow simulation of a rotor operating in isolation. The results obtained from these numerical simulations are then compared to those obtained from the unsteady simulation both to quantify the impact of the wake-induced unsteady flow field on rotor performance and to identify the flow processes which impact wake rectification. Finally, the results from this comparison study are related to an existing model, which attempts to account for the impact of wake-induced unsteady flows on the performance of multistage turbomachinery. C1 SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,DEPT AEROMECH,BROOKPARK,OH 44135. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,NSF ENGN RES CTR,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP Adamczyk, JJ (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,BROOKPARK,OH 44135, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 1996 VL 118 IS 1 BP 88 EP 95 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA UF837 UT WOS:A1996UF83700013 ER PT B AU Dallas, JL Stephen, MA Afzal, RS AF Dallas, JL Stephen, MA Afzal, RS BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI Survivability demonstration and characterization of a multi-billion shot, Q-switched, Nd:YAG laser SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optical damage; accumulated laser exposure effects; space optics C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 114 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.240363 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00012 ER PT B AU Harvey, GA Chyba, TH Cimolino, MC AF Harvey, GA Chyba, TH Cimolino, MC BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI Cleanliness and damage measurements of optics in atmospheric sensing high energy lasers SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 696 EP 706 DI 10.1117/12.240347 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00067 ER PT B AU Tuma, ML Krasowski, MJ Oberle, LG Greer, LC Spina, D Barranger, J AF Tuma, ML Krasowski, MJ Oberle, LG Greer, LC Spina, D Barranger, J BE Kujawinska, M Pryputniewicz, RJ Takeda, M TI Two-color laser speckle shift strain measurement system SO LASER INTERFEROMETRY VIII: TECHNIQUES AND ANALYSIS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Laser Interferometry VIII - Techniques and Analysis CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech DE speckle strain; strain measurement; speckle pattern; fiber C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2248-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2860 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1117/12.276335 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG07Z UT WOS:A1996BG07Z00027 ER PT B AU Ovryn, B Andrews, JH Eppell, SJ Khaydarov, J AF Ovryn, B Andrews, JH Eppell, SJ Khaydarov, J BE Kujawinska, M Pryputniewicz, RJ Takeda, M TI Phase-shifted, real-time, laser feedback interferometry SO LASER INTERFEROMETRY VIII: TECHNIQUES AND ANALYSIS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Laser Interferometry VIII - Techniques and Analysis CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech C1 NYMA INC,NASA,LEWIS GRP,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2248-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2860 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1117/12.276313 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG07Z UT WOS:A1996BG07Z00030 ER PT B AU DeCoursey, RJ Winker, DM Woods, DC AF DeCoursey, RJ Winker, DM Woods, DC BE Kamerman, GW TI Recent modifications, enhancements and measurements with a airborne lidar system SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications CY APR 10-11, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2129-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2748 BP 178 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.243576 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG28C UT WOS:A1996BG28C00015 ER PT B AU Woods, DC Winker, DM Youngbluth, O Osborn, MT DeCoursey, RJ AF Woods, DC Winker, DM Youngbluth, O Osborn, MT DeCoursey, RJ BE Kamerman, GW TI Long-term observations of the mid-latitude stratospheric aerosol from the Mount Pinatubo eruption SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications CY APR 10-11, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2129-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2748 BP 340 EP 348 DI 10.1117/12.243566 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG28C UT WOS:A1996BG28C00030 ER PT B AU Ansari, RR Suh, KI DellaVecchia, MA Dubin, S AF Ansari, RR Suh, KI DellaVecchia, MA Dubin, S BE Birngruber, R Fercher, AF Katzir, A TI Ophthalmic diagnostics using a new dynamic light scattering fiber optic probe SO LASERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY III, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers in Ophthalmology III CY SEP 13, 1995 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP ELA, Soc Espanola Laser Med Quirurgico, Essilor Int, Int Biomed Opt Soc, EOS, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,SPACE EXPT DIV,MICROGRAV FLUIDS BRANCH,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1996-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2632 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1117/12.229574 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BF02Y UT WOS:A1996BF02Y00009 ER PT S AU Yang, TC Mei, M George, KA Craise, LM AF Yang, TC Mei, M George, KA Craise, LM BE Brack, A Horneck, G Friedmann, EI Meyer, MA Reitz, G Banin, A TI Oncogenic and mutagenic effects of UV in mammalian cells SO LIFE SCIENCES: SPACE AND MARS RECENT RESULTS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F3 1/F3 4/F2 4/F3 8 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific-Commission-F on Life Sciences - Space and Mars Recent Results, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR Sci Commiss F ID PYRIMIDINE DIMER FORMATION; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ACTION SPECTRA; SKIN-CANCER; TRANSFORMATION; INVITRO; IRRADIATION; INDUCTION; LIGHT AB Ultraviolet light is present in the solar system and can cause major biological effects. The potential cytotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects of UV have been studied at cellular and molecular level, Using cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts (C3H10T1/2), we investigated the induction of mutation and transformation by UV and/or X-rays. Studies were also done with normal human mammary epithelial cells for cell inactivation and mutation induction. Curvlinear dose-response curves were observed for mutation and oncogenic transformation. The interaction between UV and X-rays depends on the sequence of exposure. When UV was given following X-irradiation, there was an additive effect. When UV was given prior to X-irradiation, however, there was a synergistic effect for both cell inactivation and transformation. The basic lesion(s) important for somatic mutation and transformation remains to be determined, and the fundamental mechanism(s) of UV and ionizing radiation interaction remains to be elucidated. Copyright (C) 1996. C1 S CHINA AGR UNIV,EXPT CTR,GUANGZHOU,PEOPLES R CHINA. KRUG LIFE SCI,HOUSTON,TX. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,DIV MED SCI,HOUSTON,TX 77058, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043082-1 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 12 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00023-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG71B UT WOS:A1996BG71B00002 ER PT S AU Atwell, W Hardy, AC Peterson, LE AF Atwell, W Hardy, AC Peterson, LE BE Brack, A Horneck, G Friedmann, EI Meyer, MA Reitz, G Banin, A TI Organ radiation doses and lifetime risk of excess cancer for several space shuttle missions SO LIFE SCIENCES: SPACE AND MARS RECENT RESULTS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F3 1/F3 4/F2 4/F3 8 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific-Commission-F on Life Sciences - Space and Mars Recent Results, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR Sci Commiss F ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS AB Previously, we presented a methodology for extrapolating a crewmember's skill dose obtained from thermoluminescent dosimetry to organ doses by use of computerized anatomical male and female models. The organs considered are those identified ill National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report 98. Using this technique, we have analyzed those Shuttle missions where crew doses greater than or equal to 5 mGy were observed. Radiation absorbed doses are directly proportional to spacecraft shielding and attitude, orbital altitude, inclination, and mission duration. For 28.5 degree inclination missions, the dominant source of exposure is due to penetrating protons from the South Atlantic Anomaly. Results of Shuttle missions 41-C, 51-D, 51-J, STS-33, STS-31, STS-57, and STS-61 are presented anti discussed in detail. Projected lifetime incidence risks of radiation-induced cancer for these missions that were based on NCRP Report 98 may not overestimate risks based on recent findings in cancer incidence studies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. Copyright (C) 1996 COSPAR C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. KELSEY SEYBOLD CLIN,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP Atwell, W (reprint author), ROCKWELL,DIV SPACE SYST,HOUSTON,TX 77058, USA. OI Peterson, Leif/0000-0002-1187-0883 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043082-1 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 12 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00032-4 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG71B UT WOS:A1996BG71B00017 ER PT S AU Badhwar, GD Patel, JU Konradi, A Cucinotta, FA Kern, JW AF Badhwar, GD Patel, JU Konradi, A Cucinotta, FA Kern, JW BE Brack, A Horneck, G Friedmann, EI Meyer, MA Reitz, G Banin, A TI Trapped particle energy spectrum in shuttle middeck SO LIFE SCIENCES: SPACE AND MARS RECENT RESULTS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F3 1/F3 4/F2 4/F3 8 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific-Commission-F on Life Sciences - Space and Mars Recent Results, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR Sci Commiss F ID RADIATION; MODEL AB We describe the differential energy spectrum of trapped particles measured by a solid-state charged particle telescope in the mid-deck of the Space Shuttle during the period of solar maximum. The telescope was flown in two high altitude flights at 28.5 degrees and 57 degrees inclination. Assuming, as is normally done, that the variations of Shuttle orientation during the missions lead to average isotropic incident spectra, the observed spectrum disagrees significantly from AP8 model calculations. This indicates the need to take into consideration the variations of solid-angle direction relative to the magnetic field. The measurements show that there is a very significant flux of secondary light ions. The energy spectra of these ions does not agree with the production spectrum from radiation transport calculations based on omni-directional AP8 Max model as an input energy spectrum. We also describe measurements of linear energy transfer spectra using a tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) flown both in the mid-deck and the payload bay of the Space Shuttle. Comparisons are made between linear energy transfer spectral measurements AP8 model-based radiation transport predictions, and thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements. The absorbed dose-rate measurements using TLD's are roughly 25% lower than the TEPC-measured dose rate measurements. Copyright (C) 1996. C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. ROCKWELL SPACE SYST DIV,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP Badhwar, GD (reprint author), NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043082-1 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 12 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00033-6 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG71B UT WOS:A1996BG71B00018 ER PT S AU Badhwar, GD Cucinotta, FA Konradi, A AF Badhwar, GD Cucinotta, FA Konradi, A BE Brack, A Horneck, G Friedmann, EI Meyer, MA Reitz, G Banin, A TI Shuttle measurements of galactic cosmic radiation LET spectra SO LIFE SCIENCES: SPACE AND MARS RECENT RESULTS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F3 1/F3 4/F2 4/F3 8 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific-Commission-F on Life Sciences - Space and Mars Recent Results, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR Sci Commiss F ID CROSS-SECTIONS; PROTON AB The radiation risk to humans in space requires the knowledge of the linear energy transfer spectra of the radiation in tissue. These spectra can be calculated from the knowledge of the free space radiation environment, knowledge of the shielding distribution, and a radiation transport model. In this paper we present the measurements of radiation dose and LET spectra for a number of Space Shuttle flights using a tissue equivalent proportional counter. A detailed comparison of these measurements has been made with the radiation transport code, HZETRN. The results show that this code provides a good description of the dose and equivalent dose (+/- 15%) but not of the LET spectrum. Copyright (C) 1996. C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. RP Badhwar, GD (reprint author), NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043082-1 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 12 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00034-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG71B UT WOS:A1996BG71B00019 ER PT S AU Cucinotta, FA Wilson, JW Katz, R Atwell, W Badhwar, GD Shavers, MR AF Cucinotta, FA Wilson, JW Katz, R Atwell, W Badhwar, GD Shavers, MR BE Brack, A Horneck, G Friedmann, EI Meyer, MA Reitz, G Banin, A TI Track structure and radiation transport model for space radiobiology studies SO LIFE SCIENCES: SPACE AND MARS RECENT RESULTS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F3 1/F3 4/F2 4/F3 8 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific-Commission-F on Life Sciences - Space and Mars Recent Results, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR Sci Commiss F ID GALACTIC COSMIC-RADIATION AB Radiobiology experiments performed in space are deemed necessary for validation of risk-assessment methods. The understanding of space radiobiology experiments must combine knowledge of the space radiation environment, radiation transport, and models of biological response, The heavy ion transport code HZETRN has recently been combined with improved models of the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and extensive comparisons made to measurements on the space shuttle with a tissue equivalent, proportional counter. HZETRN was also coupled with track-structure models of biological damage from heavy ions. Track-structure calculations using improved models of the radial dose distribution around the path of heavy ions provide a good description of ground-based experiments for inactivation cross sections. Therefore, we use these models to predict inactivation of Bacillus Subtilis spores in space. Calculations consider single-particle effects, as well as the background from low linear energy transfer ions of the GCR and trapped radiations on the radial distributions of effects measured in plastic detectors. Copyright (C) 1996. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NE 68588 USA. ROCKWELL AEROSP, HOUSTON, TX 77058 USA. NASA, LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR, HOUSTON, TX 77058 USA. TEXAS A&M UNIV, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. RP Cucinotta, FA (reprint author), NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, HAMPTON, VA 23681 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043082-1 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 12 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00039-7 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG71B UT WOS:A1996BG71B00024 ER PT S AU Mancinelli, RL AF Mancinelli, RL BE Brack, A Horneck, G Friedmann, EI Meyer, MA Reitz, G Banin, A TI The search for nitrogen compounds on the surface of Mars SO LIFE SCIENCES: SPACE AND MARS RECENT RESULTS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F3 1/F3 4/F2 4/F3 8 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific-Commission-F on Life Sciences - Space and Mars Recent Results, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR Sci Commiss F ID PLANETARY-ATMOSPHERES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; NITRIC-OXIDE; EVOLUTION; REDUCTION; FIXATION; ORIGIN; EARTH; ICE; ENVIRONMENT AB Nitrogen is an essential element for life. Specifically, ''fixed nitrogen'' (i.e., NH3, NH4+, NOx, or N that is chemically bound to either inorganic or organic molecules and is releasable by hydrolysis to NH3 or NH4+) is the form of nitrogen useful to living organisms. To date no direct analysis of Martian soil nitrogen content, or content of fixed nitrogen compounds has been done. Consequently, the planet's total inventory of nitrogen is unknown. What is known is that the N-2 content of the present-day Martian atmosphere is similar to 0.2 mbar. It has been hypothesized that early in Mars' history (3 to 4 billion years ago) the Martian atmosphere contained much more N-2 than it does today. The values of N-2 proposed for this early Martian atmosphere, however, are not well constrained and range from 3 to 300 mbar of N-2. If the early atmosphere of Mars did contain much more N-2 than it does today the question to be answered is, Where did it go? The two main processes that could have removed it rapidly from the atmosphere include: 1) nonthermal escape of N-atoms to space; and 2) burial within the regolith as nitrates and nitrites. Nitrate will be stable in the highly oxidized surface soil of Mars, and will tend to accumulate in the soil. Such accumulations are observed in certain desert environments on Earth. Some NH4+-N may also be fixed and stabilized in the soil by inclusion as a structural cation in the crystal lattices of certain phyllosilicates replacing K. Analysis of the Martian soil for traces of NO3- and NH4+ during future missions will supply important information regarding the nitrogen abundance on Mars, its past climate as well as its potential for the evolution of life. Copyright (C) 1996 COSPAR RP NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. RI Mancinelli, Rocco/L-8971-2016 NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043082-1 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 12 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00113-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG71B UT WOS:A1996BG71B00031 ER PT S AU Bilitza, D Koblinsky, C Zia, S Williamson, R Beckley, B AF Bilitza, D Koblinsky, C Zia, S Williamson, R Beckley, B BE Rawer, K Bilitza, D Mahajan, KK Mitra, AP TI The equator anomaly region as seen by the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite SO LOW AND EQUATORIAL LATITUDES IN THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE (IRI) SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT COSPAR International Scientific Symposium on Low and Equatorial Latitudes in the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) CY JAN 09-13, 1995 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP COSPAR Int Union Radio Sci, Comm Sci & Technol Dev Countries, TWAS, Int Sci Fdn, Soros, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Indian Natl Sci Acad, CSF ID ELECTRON-CONTENT AB Satellite altimeter observations of ice and sea surface heights are affected by the retardation/refraction of the altimeter signal in the ionospheric plasma. Altimeter data therefore need to be correct for the ionospheric influence using a ionospheric model like the International Reference Ionosphere, Another possibility is the use of a dual-frequency instrument like the TOPEX altimeter on the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite, By measuring the heights above the Earth surface at two frequencies the ionospheric electron content (DEC) between the ground and the satellite can be determined and thus the ionospheric correction (which is proportional to IEC) can be properly accounted for in the altimeter data analysis, Dual-frequency altimeter thus in effect provide a IEC measurement as a byproduct of the sea surface height observation. The ionospheric data base established by TOPEX/Poseidon since its launch in August 1992 provides a unique opportunity to study the distribution of IEC above the oceans with a 10-day repeat cycle, a region covered only by very few prior observations, The highly variable equator anomaly region is of particular interest since it is the region where globally the highest IEC values occur. We compare the TOPEX IEC with IEC values calculated from the IRI model for different satellite passes representing different conditions in terms of local time, latitude, longitude, and season. Our study points to the possible improvements of IRI that could be accomplished with the TOPEX ionospheric data base. C1 NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, OCEANS & ICE BRANCH, LAB HYDROSPHER PROCESSES, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RP Bilitza, D (reprint author), HUGHES STX, 7701 GREENBELT RD, GREENBELT, MD 20770 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042673-5 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 6 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00894-2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BE47D UT WOS:A1995BE47D00003 ER PT S AU Zhang, SR Zhang, ML Radicella, SM Huang, XY Bilitza, D AF Zhang, SR Zhang, ML Radicella, SM Huang, XY Bilitza, D BE Rawer, K Bilitza, D Mahajan, KK Mitra, AP TI A comparison of the lower transition height obtained with a theoretical model and with IRI SO LOW AND EQUATORIAL LATITUDES IN THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE (IRI) SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT COSPAR International Scientific Symposium on Low and Equatorial Latitudes in the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) CY JAN 09-13, 1995 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP COSPAR Int Union Radio Sci, Comm Sci & Technol Dev Countries, TWAS, Int Sci Fdn, Soros, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Indian Natl Sci Acad, CSF AB The ionospheric low transition height obtained from a theoretical model is compared to the IRI model using the standard ion composition option and the Danilov and Yaichinikov model option, and to Oliver's model. It is found that 1) the three models agree rather well by day except in summer for low solar activity, while large differences exist by night; 2) the day-night difference of the transition height by the IRI standard option is much smaller in summer and in winter, but is larger in equinox seasons in low solar activity, while the Danilov and Yaichnikov model always yields a rather small difference; 3) increasing solar activity leads to higher theoretical levels particularly by night, while IRI shows an opposite trend, 4) due to transport by wind the simulation gives a transition height depending on local time, while both IRI options take the solar zenith angle for variable, As for the ion composition above 150 km, the distributions of the relative percentage of O+ as well as NO+ at noon in summer and winter under low solar activity predicted by the theoretical model are approximately consistent with those of the Danilov and Yaichnikov model. C1 INT CTR THEORET PHYS, I-34100 TRIESTE, ITALY. NASA, GSFC, NAADC, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, SR (reprint author), CHINESE ACAD SCI, WUHAN INST PHYS, WUHAN IONOSPHER OBSERV, POB 71010, WUHAN 430071, PEOPLES R CHINA. RI Zhang, Shun-Rong/G-7593-2015 OI Zhang, Shun-Rong/0000-0002-1946-3166 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042673-5 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 6 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00919-1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BE47D UT WOS:A1995BE47D00028 ER PT B AU Canuto, VM AF Canuto, VM BE Adelman, SJ Kupka, F Weiss, WW TI Turbulent convection: Old and new models SO M.A.S.S. - MODEL ATMOSPHERES AND SPECTRUM SYNTHESIS, 5TH VIENNA - WORKSHOP SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Vienna Workshop on Model Atmospheres and Spectrum Synthesis (M A S S) CY JUL 06-11, 1995 CL TECH UNIV, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fonds Forder Wissensch Forsch, Asteroseismol Along Cent Main Astrophys Project, Austrian Acad Sci, Austrian Space Agcy HO TECH UNIV AB This paper discusses the problem of stellar convection from the view-point of turbulence theory. The following topics are presented: 1) A physical argument to show that the one-eddy Mixing Length Theory (MLT) model underestimates the convective flux F-c in the high efficiency regime, while it overestimates F-c in the low efficiency regime. 2) We have adopted a ''full spectrum'' turbulence model which accounts for several non-linear effects, e.g., back-scatter. The resulting energy spectrum E(k) has then been used to compute the convective flux. The convective flux F-c given by this model also satisfies the arguments of 1) above. It is shown that this new model (the ''CM model'') entails a ''tilt'' in efficiency space of the MLT flux, an effect that cannot be represented by changing a. We also discuss the astrophysical tests performed thus far with this model. 3) High Rayleigh number (Ra) laboratory data on turbulent convection have recently become available. We use them to test the MLT and CM models. Experimental heat fluxes are presented in the form Nu = cRa(n) (the Nusselt number Nu is the total heat flux in conductive units). We have computed c and n and show that the CM model provides a better fit than the MLT model. 4) We discuss a set of topics for future research. RP Canuto, VM (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES,2880 BROADWAY,NEW YORK,NY 10025, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-28-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 108 BP 62 EP 72 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy GA BH18X UT WOS:A1996BH18X00006 ER PT B AU Proffitt, CR Brage, T Leckrone, DS AF Proffitt, CR Brage, T Leckrone, DS BE Adelman, SJ Kupka, F Weiss, WW TI Non-LTE calculations of radiative forces for thallium in the atmospheres of HgMn stars SO M.A.S.S. - MODEL ATMOSPHERES AND SPECTRUM SYNTHESIS, 5TH VIENNA - WORKSHOP SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Vienna Workshop on Model Atmospheres and Spectrum Synthesis (M A S S) CY JUL 06-11, 1995 CL TECH UNIV, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fonds Forder Wissensch Forsch, Asteroseismol Along Cent Main Astrophys Project, Austrian Acad Sci, Austrian Space Agcy HO TECH UNIV AB Recent observations by the Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph on the Rubble Space Telescope have dramatically improved our knowledge of the abundance of the heaviest elements in Mercury-Manganese (HgMn) stars (c.f. Leckrone et al. 1992 and Wahlgren et al. 1995). Explaining the observed abundance and isotope anomalies requires improved calculations of radiatively driven diffusion. We briefly review the physical assumptions and numerical techniques needed for radiative force calculations in stellar atmospheres, and then discuss results of radiative diffusion calculations for the element thallium in the atmosphere of the HgMn star chi Lupi. RP Proffitt, CR (reprint author), COMP SCI CORP,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON PROGRAM,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-28-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 108 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy GA BH18X UT WOS:A1996BH18X00011 ER PT B AU Brosius, JW Davila, JM Thomas, RJ MonsignoriFossi, BC Saba, JLR AF Brosius, JW Davila, JM Thomas, RJ MonsignoriFossi, BC Saba, JLR BE Uchida, Y Kosugi, T Hudson, HS TI Measurements of active and quiet sun coronal plasma properties with SERTS EUV spectra SO MAGNETODYNAMIC PHENOMENA IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE: PROTOTYPES OF STELLAR MAGNETIC ACTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 153rd Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Magnetodynamic Phenomena in the Solar Atmosphere - Prototypes of Stellar Magnetic Activity CY MAY 22-27, 1995 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Astron Union, Natl Astron Observatory, Astron Soc Japan C1 HUGHES STX CORP,NASA GODDARD,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4176-7 PY 1996 BP 421 EP 422 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG55N UT WOS:A1996BG55N00077 ER PT B AU Porter, JG Falconer, DA Moore, RL Harvey, KL Rabin, DM Shimizu, T AF Porter, JG Falconer, DA Moore, RL Harvey, KL Rabin, DM Shimizu, T BE Uchida, Y Kosugi, T Hudson, HS TI Magnetic roots of enhanced high coronal loops SO MAGNETODYNAMIC PHENOMENA IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE: PROTOTYPES OF STELLAR MAGNETIC ACTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 153rd Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Magnetodynamic Phenomena in the Solar Atmosphere - Prototypes of Stellar Magnetic Activity CY MAY 22-27, 1995 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Astron Union, Natl Astron Observatory, Astron Soc Japan C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4176-7 PY 1996 BP 429 EP 430 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG55N UT WOS:A1996BG55N00081 ER PT B AU Kucera, TA AF Kucera, TA BE Uchida, Y Kosugi, T Hudson, HS TI A study of the thermal/nonthermal electric field model using spectral and spatial X-ray data from CGRO and Yohkoh SO MAGNETODYNAMIC PHENOMENA IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE: PROTOTYPES OF STELLAR MAGNETIC ACTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 153rd Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Magnetodynamic Phenomena in the Solar Atmosphere - Prototypes of Stellar Magnetic Activity CY MAY 22-27, 1995 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Astron Union, Natl Astron Observatory, Astron Soc Japan C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,NATL RES COUNCIL,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RI Kucera, Therese/C-9558-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4176-7 PY 1996 BP 563 EP 564 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG55N UT WOS:A1996BG55N00143 ER PT B AU Moore, RL Larosa, TN Miller, JA Shore, SN AF Moore, RL Larosa, TN Miller, JA Shore, SN BE Uchida, Y Kosugi, T Hudson, HS TI Energization of the 10-100 KEV electrons in solar flares by strongly-driven reconnection SO MAGNETODYNAMIC PHENOMENA IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE: PROTOTYPES OF STELLAR MAGNETIC ACTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 153rd Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Magnetodynamic Phenomena in the Solar Atmosphere - Prototypes of Stellar Magnetic Activity CY MAY 22-27, 1995 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Astron Union, Natl Astron Observatory, Astron Soc Japan C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4176-7 PY 1996 BP 565 EP 566 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG55N UT WOS:A1996BG55N00144 ER PT J AU Newport, TS Oliver, BF Johnson, DR Noebe, RD AF Newport, TS Oliver, BF Johnson, DR Noebe, RD TI Containerless automated processing of high-purity intermetallic compounds and composites SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB An automated containerless processing system to directionally solidify high temperature reactive materials has been previously described (1). The software used for control has been simplified and improved over that previously reported. Temperature has been eliminated as a necessary control variable for the directional solidification process. All proportional and integral (PI) control is based upon image processing using parallel processing software. Control actions can occur several times a second using a DEC 11/23+ computer assisted by two PC's. The system has since been used to produce high-purity bulk metallurgical samples of high melting intermetallic compounds, single crystals grown from oriented seeds, and new polyphase intermetallic/metallic in-situ composites. New characteristics of the process are described; and properties of recently produced materials reviewed and related to current high temperature materials. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. KYOTO UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 60601,JAPAN. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 119 EP 136 DI 10.1080/10426919608947464 PG 18 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA TU532 UT WOS:A1996TU53200008 ER PT J AU Guha, S Stoessel, C Withers, J Loutfy, R Draper, S AF Guha, S Stoessel, C Withers, J Loutfy, R Draper, S TI A novel processing technique for tow fiber reinforced metal matrix composites with tailored interfaces SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB A novel metal matrix composite processing technique based upon plasma-assisted physical vapor deposition (PVD) of metals/alloys has been developed wherein, starting with lower cost tow fibers, the tows are spread to separate the individual filaments and then each filament coated uniformly with the matrix by plasma sputtering inside a hollow cathode magnetron. The coated fibers are then densified into a composite. This technique allows the synthesis of metal matrix composites with high fiber volume fractions. The resulting composite exhibits a uniform microstructure with complete infiltration of the matrix. Further, the plasma-assisted deposition process spares the tow filaments from severe strength degradation normally associated with melt-infiltration processing. Also, for chemically or thermo-mechanically incompatible fiber-matrix systems, the technique allows the incorporation of an interfacial layer (engineered for greater chemical inertness or lower residual stresses) prior to the deposition of the matrix. This technique has been applied here to synthesize composites based on Nextel 610 tows and Superalloy matrices (Thermo-span, Haynes 214 or Inconel 718) with a Mo chemical barrier layer. C1 MAT & ELECTROCHEM RES CORP,TUCSON,AZ 85706. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2 BP 245 EP 262 DI 10.1080/10426919608947478 PG 18 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA UD093 UT WOS:A1996UD09300007 ER PT J AU Patterson, MCL He, S Fehrenbacher, LL Hanigofsky, J Reed, BD AF Patterson, MCL He, S Fehrenbacher, LL Hanigofsky, J Reed, BD TI Advanced HfC-TaC oxidation resistant composite rocket thruster SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID REFRACTORIES HFC AB Several compositions of HfC-TaC codeposited by chemical vapor deposition were evaluated for oxidation protection of graphite substrates. Oxyacetylene torch ablation tests with an O2C2H2 ratio of 4:1 were used to test the adherence and composition of the coating and resulting oxides, which were subsequently characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The preferred HfC-TaC composition of 70:30 was used to fabricate a 25 lbf graphite fiber reinforced rocket thruster with a unique structural design. Thruster testing at NASA Lewis was performed at 0.520 MPa chamber pressure and 1650 degrees C (3000 degrees F) using a 6 to 7:1,0(2):H-2 fuel mixture; a uniform, adherent oxide layer was observed on the internal surface of the combustion chamber following the test. C1 TECHNOL ASSESSMENT & TRANSFER,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC,DALLAS,TX 75265. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 11 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 3 BP 367 EP 379 DI 10.1080/10426919608947492 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA UN835 UT WOS:A1996UN83500003 ER PT J AU Brady, MP Smialek, JL Verink, ED Hoelzer, DT Stone, R AF Brady, MP Smialek, JL Verink, ED Hoelzer, DT Stone, R TI Modification of microstructure for improved oxidation resistance in gamma-based Ti-Al-X alloys SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLICS; BEHAVIOR AB The effect of microstructural refinement on the oxidation behavior of gamma + laves Ti-45Al-15Cr and gamma + sigma Ti-40Al-27Nb was investigated. A fine, uniform gamma + laves microstructure in Ti-45Al-15Cr resulted in protective alumina scale formation over most of the sample surface at 800 degrees C and 1000 degrees C in air. In contrast, the oxidation resistance of this same alloy was severely degraded by a coarse gamma + laves microstructure. The oxidation behavior of Ti-40Al-27Nb at 1200 degrees C in air was poor. Refinement of the gamma + sigma microstructure in this alloy was not effective in improving oxidation resistance. The mechanistic reasons for these effects, and the implications for improved oxidation resistance through microstructural refinement are discussed. C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 4 BP 635 EP 653 DI 10.1080/10426919608947513 PG 19 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA VB570 UT WOS:A1996VB57000007 ER PT B AU Cano, RJ Massey, CP StClair, TL AF Cano, RJ Massey, CP StClair, TL BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Effects of solvent on solution prepregging of the resin system LARC(TM)-IAX-2 SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE composites; polyimides; prepreg; and solvents C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 149 EP 158 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00014 ER PT B AU Gotsis, PK Chamis, CC Minnetyan, L AF Gotsis, PK Chamis, CC Minnetyan, L BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Defect tolerance of pressurized fiber composite-shell structures SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE composites; composite structures; computational simulation; damage; degradation; durability; fracture; laminates; pressure vessels; hells; structural degradation C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 450 EP 461 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00042 ER PT B AU Noller, EW AF Noller, EW BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Unique application of plastics and composite materials in the design of the magnetometer instruments for the Ulysses and Cassini spacecraft SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE composite components; polycarbonate; polyimide C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 841 EP 850 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00081 ER PT B AU Parker, J Jennings, D Reuter, D Bly, V Madison, L Puckett, D AF Parker, J Jennings, D Reuter, D Bly, V Madison, L Puckett, D BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Light weight cryogenic coolers for use in interplanetary space exploration SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 882 EP 887 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00085 ER PT B AU Cano, RJ Rommel, M Hinkley, JA Estes, ED AF Cano, RJ Rommel, M Hinkley, JA Estes, ED BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Fiber study involving a polyimide matrix SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE carbon fibers; composites; polyimides and prepreg C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 1047 EP 1060 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00099 ER PT B AU Hergenrother, PM Rommel, ML AF Hergenrother, PM Rommel, ML BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Mechanical properties of a reactive endcapped polyimide based composite from polyamide acid SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE carbon fibers; composites; and polyimides C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 1061 EP 1072 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00100 ER PT B AU Connell, JW Smith, JG Cano, RJ Hergenrother, PM AF Connell, JW Smith, JG Cano, RJ Hergenrother, PM BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Properties of imide oligomers containing pendent phenylethynyl groups SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE high temperature polymers; polyimides; phenylethynyl containing imides; adhesives; carbon fiber composites; oligomeric thermosetting imides C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 1101 EP 1112 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00104 ER PT B AU Hinkley, JA Marchello, JM Messier, BC AF Hinkley, JA Marchello, JM Messier, BC BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Characterization of polyimide composite ribbon weld bonding SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE tow placement; autohesion; thermoplastic welding C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 1335 EP 1345 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00128 ER PT B AU Costen, RC Marchello, JM AF Costen, RC Marchello, JM BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI High productivity model for in-situ tow placement of thermoplastic composites SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE modeling; thermal joining; carbon fiber thermoplastic composites; PEEK/C C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 1346 EP 1360 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00129 ER PT B AU Towell, TW Johnston, NJ Grenoble, RW Cox, WR AF Towell, TW Johnston, NJ Grenoble, RW Cox, WR BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Thermoplastic fiber placement machine for materials and processing evaluations SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE automated manufacture; thermoplastic; and fiber placement C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 1701 EP 1711 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00161 ER PT B AU Connell, JW Smith, JG Kalil, CG Siochi, EJ AF Connell, JW Smith, JG Kalil, CG Siochi, EJ BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI The effect of low earth orbit atomic oxygen exposure on phenylphosphine oxide-containing poly(arylene ether)s SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide)s; atomic oxygen resistant polymers; LEO atomic oxygen exposure; phosphine oxide-containing films C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 1747 EP 1759 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00166 ER PT B AU Stutz, J Cheeseman, P AF Stutz, J Cheeseman, P BE Skilling, J Sibisi, S TI Autoclass - A Bayesian approach to classification SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND, 1994 SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods CY 1994 CL ST JOHNS COLL, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Kluwer Acad Publ, Bruker Spectrospin, MaxEnt Solut Ltd HO ST JOHNS COLL AB We describe a Bayesian approach to the unsupervised discovery of classes in a set of cases, sometimes called finite mixture separation or clustering. The main difference between clustering and our approach is that we search for the ''best'' set of class descriptions rather than grouping the cases themselves. We describe our classes in terms of probability distribution or density functions, and the locally maximal posterior probability parameters. We rate our classifications with an approximate posterior probability of the distribution function w.r.t. the data, obtained by marginalizing over all the parameters. Approximation is necessitated by the computational complexity of the joint probability and our marginalization is w.r.t. a local maxima in the parameter space. This posterior probability rating allows direct comparison of alternate density functions that differ in number of classes and/or individual class density functions. We discuss the rationale behind our approach to classification. We give the mathematical development for the basic mixture model, describe the approximations needed for computational tractability, give some specifics of models for several common attribute types, and describe some of the results achieved by the AutoClass program. RP Stutz, J (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3452-3 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 70 BP 117 EP 126 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BH21U UT WOS:A1996BH21U00013 ER PT B AU Cheeseman, P Kanefsky, B Kraft, R Stutz, J Hanson, R AF Cheeseman, P Kanefsky, B Kraft, R Stutz, J Hanson, R BE Heidbreder, GR TI Super-resolved surface reconstruction from multiple images SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS, SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A., 1993 SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods (MAXENT93) CY AUG 01-05, 1993 CL UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA, Res Off, Kluwer Acad Publ HO UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA AB This paper describes a Bayesian method for constructing a super-resolved surface model by combining information from a set of images of the given surface. We develop the theory and algorithms in detail for the 2-D reconstruction problem, appropriate for the case where all images are taken from roughly the same direction and under similar lighting conditions. We show the results of this 2-D reconstruction on Viking Martian data. These results show dramatic improvements in both spatial and gray-scale resolution. The Bayesian approach uses a neighbor correlation model as well as pixel data from the image set. Some extensions of this method are discussed, including 3-D surface reconstruction and the resolution of diffraction blurred images. RP Cheeseman, P (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2851-5 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 62 BP 293 EP 308 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Optics; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BH21V UT WOS:A1996BH21V00023 ER PT B AU Southward, RE Thompson, DS Thompson, DW StClair, AK AF Southward, RE Thompson, DS Thompson, DW StClair, AK BE Pittman, CU Carraher, CE Zeldin, M Sheats, JE Culbertson, BM TI Enhancement of dimensional stability in soluble polyimides via lanthanide(III) additives SO METAL-CONTAINING POLYMERIC MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Containing Polymeric Materials, at the 208th National American-Chemical-Society Meeting CY AUG 20-25, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45295-2 PY 1996 BP 337 EP 347 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BF13K UT WOS:A1996BF13K00027 ER PT B AU Southward, RE Thompson, DS Thompson, DW Caplan, ML StClair, AK AF Southward, RE Thompson, DS Thompson, DW Caplan, ML StClair, AK BE Pittman, CU Carraher, CE Zeldin, M Sheats, JE Culbertson, BM TI Preparation of silvered polyimide mirrors via self-metallizing poly(amic acid) resins SO METAL-CONTAINING POLYMERIC MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Containing Polymeric Materials, at the 208th National American-Chemical-Society Meeting CY AUG 20-25, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45295-2 PY 1996 BP 349 EP 356 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BF13K UT WOS:A1996BF13K00028 ER PT J AU Zhang, YH Huang, SX Schneider, D Benoit, PH DeHart, JM Lofgren, GE Sears, DWG AF Zhang, YH Huang, SX Schneider, D Benoit, PH DeHart, JM Lofgren, GE Sears, DWG TI Pyroxene structures, cathodoluminescence and the thermal history of the enstatite chondrites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLINOENSTATITE TRANSITION; METEORITES AB In order to explore the thermal history of enstatite chondrites, we examined the cathodoluminescence (CL) and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of 15 EH chondrites and 21 EL chondrites, including all available petrographic types, both textural types 3-6 and mineralogical types alpha-delta. The CL properties of EL3 alpha and EH3 alpha chondrites are similar. Enstatite grains high in Mn and other transition metals display red CL, while enstatite with low concentrations of these elements show blue CL. A few enstatite grains with >5 wt% FeO display no CL. In contrast, the luminescent properties of the metamorphosed EH chondrites are very different from those of metamorphosed EL chondrites. While the enstatites in metamorphosed EH chondrites display predominantly blue CL, the enstatites in metamorphosed EL chondrites display a distinctive magenta CL with blue and red peaks of approximately equal intensity in their spectra. The TL sensitivities of the enstatite chondrites correlate with the intensity of the blue CL and, unlike other meteorite classes, are not simply related to metamorphism. The different luminescent properties of metamorphosed EH and EL chondrites cannot readily be attributed to compositional differences. But x-ray diffraction data suggests that the enstatite in EH5 gamma,delta chondrites is predominantly disordered orthopyroxene, while enstatite in EL6 beta chondrites is predominantly ordered orthopyroxene. The difference in thermal history of metamorphosed EL and EH chondrites is so marked that the use of single ''petrographic'' types is misleading, and separate textural and mineralogical types are preferable. Our data confirm earlier suggestions that metamorphosed EH chondrites underwent relatively rapid cooling, and the metamorphosed EL chondrites cooled more slowly and experienced prolonged heating in the orthopyroxene field. C1 ENERGY LABS INC, CASPER, WY 82601 USA. NASA, LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR, HOUSTON, TX 77058 USA. RP Zhang, YH (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, COSMOCHEM GRP, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. NR 67 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TY454 UT WOS:A1996TY45400013 ER PT J AU Simpson, J Kummerow, C Tao, WK Adler, RF AF Simpson, J Kummerow, C Tao, WK Adler, RF TI On the tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL STRUCTURE INFORMATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE TECHNIQUE; CONVECTIVE RAINFALL; AREA INTEGRALS; SPACE; SATELLITE; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; PROFILES; CLOUD AB The importance of quantitative knowledge of tropical rainfall, its associated latent heating and variability is summarized in the context of climate change. Since the tropics are mainly covered with oceans, with some deserts and jungles, the monthly precipitation is not known within a factor of two. Hence the only way to measure it adequately for climate and general circulation models is from space. The paper describes the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). This joint Japan-U.S. cooperative Earth Probe satellite will be launched from Japan in 1997 for a three-year mission. The scientific basis of the instrument and orbit selection is explained. The precipitation instrument complement comprises the first rain radar to be flown in space (PR), and a multi-channel passive microwave sensor (TMI) improved relative to the SSM/I-1 by an additional channel at 10 GHz. The third rain instrument is a live-channel VIS/IR (VIRS) sensor. Progress in construction of instruments, observatory, data system, and the ground validation program is summarized. A report is also given concerning development of the algorithms by which rainfall and its associated latent heat release will be calculated from the several instruments, separately and in combination, and how the scientists will interact with the data system to obtain the 32 rain data products necessary to fulfill the science requirements. RP Simpson, J (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,MAIL CODE 912,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 26 TC 237 Z9 244 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1-3 BP 19 EP 36 DI 10.1007/BF01029783 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VA226 UT WOS:A1996VA22600003 ER PT B AU Lee, S AF Lee, S GP IEEE TI Sensor fusion and planning with perception-action network SO MF '96 - 1996 IEEE/SICE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTISENSOR FUSION AND INTEGRATION FOR INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE/SICE/RSJ International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems CY DEC 08-11, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Robot Soc Japan AB An architecture of intelligent robotic systems, referred to here as Perception-Action Net (PAN), is presented. Connecting sensing and action in real-time, PAN automatically synthesizes goal-oriented behaviors Finder uncertainties, errors, and faults, through task monitoring and replanning. PAN is composed of the perception and action nets interconnected in closed loops. The perception net connects features of various levels of abstraction Or logical sensors in hierarchy. The net is capable of self-calibrating itself by maintaining the consistency of logical sensors based on the forward propagation of sensor outputs and uncertainties as well as based on the backward propagation of errors from constraints. The action net consists of a hierarchy of state transition networks of multi-resolution time scales. The net embeds all the feasible system behaviors in various levels of abstraction, such that the system can replan and control its behaviors towards the set goals under errors and faults. The application of PAN to planetary robotic sampling is shown. RP Lee, S (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROPULS LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3700-X PY 1996 BP 687 EP 696 DI 10.1109/MFI.1996.572304 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BG88Y UT WOS:A1996BG88Y00091 ER PT J AU Sadhal, SS Trinh, EH Wagner, P AF Sadhal, SS Trinh, EH Wagner, P TI Thermocapillary flows in a drop with unsteady spot heating in a microgravity environment SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; GAS BUBBLE; PLANE SURFACE; INSOLUBLE SURFACTANT; HORIZONTAL SURFACE; THERMAL-GRADIENT; LIQUID-DROPS; 2 BUBBLES; MIGRATION; DISSOLUTION AB The unsteady localized spot heating of a liquid clr-op lu?ner zero-g conditions is examined theoretically. This pertains to space experiments to measure thermal properties of materials and the purpose here is to predict the thermal behavior of such systems. Spot heating can be achieved by a laser beam focused on a small legion of the drop surface. The present theoretical model deals with situations of weak Marangoni flows, whereby the thermal transport is conduction-dominated. The heat flow in the drop is treated as unsteady while the surrounding gaseous region is considered to be quasi-steady. The ensuing thermally driven flow is analyzed in the Stokes regime. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP Sadhal, SS (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT MECH ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 860420, W-8163 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 2 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA WM693 UT WOS:A1996WM69300004 ER PT J AU Struk, PM Dietrich, DL Tien, JS AF Struk, PM Dietrich, DL Tien, JS TI Large droplet combustion experiment using porous spheres conducted in reduced gravity aboard an aircraft - Extinction and the effects of g-jitter SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT COMBUSTION; FUEL DROPLET; DIFFUSION AB A simulated liquid droplet combustion experiment using wetted porous spheres ranging in diameter from 3.7 to 6.1 mm was conducted in reduced gravity aboard the NASA Lewis Research Center's DC-9 aircraft. The experiments were conducted using n-decane at sub-atmospheric pressures in air and at 15 % O-2. The droplets were ignited in reduced gravity and the resulting flames were observed to grow outward from the fuel surface. A near constant diameter or an increasing diameter of the wetted sphere was achieved during combustion. Initially, the flames were near spherical for many cases particularly at lower pressures. The flames dimmed as they grew, suggesting radiation losses become more pronounced for larger flame si;es. Several flames grew, dimmed, and extinguished supporting earlier theoretical results that gas-phase radiation losses for large droplet sizes can promote flame extinction. No steadily, burning droplets were observed, preventing the determination of an extinction boundary. Typical of low-gravity aircraft experiments, g-jitter occurred and disrupted the majority of the large flames, ranging from 20 up to 50 mm in diameter. Consequently, a study of g-jitter effects on the flame response and spherical symmetry was conducted. First, the effect of g-jitter or the flame was visualized by overlaying the instantaneous acceleration vector on a sequence of flame images. Second flame spherical symmetry was examined as a function of gravity level, pressure, burning rate, and flame diameter. A sphericity parameter, Sp, was derived to gauge flame symmetry by comparing the estimated buoyant and Stefan velocities at the flame front based on quasi-steady: arguments. Through this parameter, the effects of gravity level, pressure,flame diameter, and fuel flow rate (burning late) on flame symmetry are verified qualitatively. A more precise quantitative comparison cannot be made, however, because of the unsteady nature of the experimental results. C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Struk, PM (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT MECH & AEROSP ENGN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. RI Struk, Peter/M-1651-2013 OI Struk, Peter/0000-0001-8221-8369 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 860420, W-8163 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 2 BP 106 EP 116 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA WM693 UT WOS:A1996WM69300008 ER PT J AU Smith, A Sinha, A Grodsinsky, CM AF Smith, A Sinha, A Grodsinsky, CM TI Neural-network-based classification of space acceleration measurement systems (SAMS) data via supervised learning SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This paper illustrates the applicability of neural networks in classifying events using Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) data. Computer programs have been written in the MATLAB environment for the following purposes: automatic retrieval of SAMS data from NASA CDROM disks, computation of power spectral densities for SAMS data and construction of input patterns for the training of a multi-layer neural network (MNN). The MNN has been trained using the backpropagation learning algorithm and the SAMS data collected on the STS-50 Space Shuttle mission for three crew exercise events. It is found that the trained MNN is highly successful in classifying events. In addition, the performance of MNN is found to be better than that of the nearest neighbor classifier. C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Smith, A (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 860420, W-8163 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA WM693 UT WOS:A1996WM69300009 PM 11539369 ER PT J AU Chen, A Concus, P Finn, R Weislogel, M AF Chen, A Concus, P Finn, R Weislogel, M TI On cylindrical container sections for a capillary free-surface experiment SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Mathematical theory predicts that small changes in container shape or in contact angle can give rise to large shifts of liquid in a microgravity environment. For studying such shifts, certain container shapes are described, which have been designed for the Glovebox Interface Configuration Experiment on board the Space Shuttle USML-2 mission. These are in the form of a circular cylinder with two diametrically opposed ''canonical proboscis'' protrusions. Computational studies indicate that the containers can be designed to have the desirable properties that sufficient liquid will participate in the shift to permit easy observation, and that the change wilt be abrupt enough to allow accurate determination of critical contact angle. The behavior in pre-flight drop tower experiments is depicted. C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Chen, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,50A-2152,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 860420, W-8163 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 3 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA XG061 UT WOS:A1996XG06100008 ER PT J AU Weislogel, MM Lichter, S AF Weislogel, MM Lichter, S TI A spreading drop in an interior corner: Theory and experiment SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WETTING LIQUID; FLOW AB A liquid drop spreading spontaneously along interior corner is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The results are expected to be of value to designers of capillarity-controlled fluid systems. A similarity solution is presented from which the 3-dimensional dynamic interface may be described explicitly in terms of the interior corner angle and fluid properties, including the contact angle. The parametric range within which the solution is valid is provided inclusive of the effects of inertia, gravity, and the moving contact line boundary condition. Data from experiments employing laboratory and low-gravity environments, the latter aboard a DC-9 aircraft, are presented displaying the temporal (t) effects of fluid viscosity (mu), corner half-angle (alpha), and drop volume (H-3) on the advancing tip location (L) of the spreading drop. Theory and experiment compare well and reveal that L similar to (t(2)H(2)/mu(2))(1/5). C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208. RP Weislogel, MM (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,MS 500-102,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. RI Lichter, Seth/B-7598-2009 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 860420, W-8163 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 3 BP 175 EP 184 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA XG061 UT WOS:A1996XG06100009 ER PT S AU Hung, CC Corbin, J AF Hung, CC Corbin, J BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI From graphite to porous carbon containing nanoparticles through chemical reactions SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Porous carbon containing large quantities of separated individual nanoparticles (2-100 nm) was produced. The chemical process includes fluorination or oxygenation of graphite, and then exposing the product (graphite fluoride or graphite oxide) to metal chlorides. The nanoparticles were metal halides or metal oxides, which could contain dopants if they were added during the synthesis process. The metal to carbon atomic ratio was in the range of 1:(3-6). The chlorides used in this research include those of Pd, Zn, Al and Li. Depending on the synthesis process, the carbon pores could be either filled with the nanoparticles, resulting in near-zero surface area and high metal concentration, or partially filled with nanoparticles, resulting in large surface areas. In this report, near zero surface areas were observed for a product of LiCl in carbon, and a surface area of 75 m(2)/g was observed for the product of gamma-Al2O3 in carbon. Heating these products in I atm air allowed the nanoparticles to become fuse together in the form of metal oxide while the carbon was oxidized, producing metal oxides which have the same shape as the carbon precursors (fibers, fabrics, or powder) and large surface areas. These products are potentially useful in the area of batteries, high temperature gas sensors, and catalysts. Also, these products could be used to examine individual nanoparticles, whose electrical, optical, and chemical properties differ from those of their single crystal or amorphous counterparts. RP Hung, CC (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,ELECTROPHYS BRANCH,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 433 EP 438 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00066 ER PT J AU Nicolas, DP AF Nicolas, DP TI Scanning electron microscopy in the failure analysis laboratory. SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA TL167 UT WOS:A1996TL16700011 ER PT S AU Jackson, HW Barmatz, M Wagner, P AF Jackson, HW Barmatz, M Wagner, P BE Iskander, MF Kiggans, JO Bolomey, JC TI Transient temperature distributions in a cylinder heated by microwaves SO MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS V SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th MRS Symposium on Microwave Processing of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting - Science and Applications of the Microwave Processing Technology CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-333-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 430 BP 571 EP 577 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG61X UT WOS:A1996BG61X00086 ER PT B AU Jordan, RL Caro, ER Kim, Y Kobrick, M Shen, YS Stuhr, FV Werner, MU AF Jordan, RL Caro, ER Kim, Y Kobrick, M Shen, YS Stuhr, FV Werner, MU BE Franceschetti, G Oliver, CJ Rubertone, FS Tajbakhsh, S TI Shuttle radar topography mapper (SRTM) SO MICROWAVE SENSING AND SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microwave Sensing and Synthetic Aperture Radar CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL TAORMINA, ITALY SP SNR, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, City Taormina, Univ Catania, Dept Bot, Italian Assoc Remote Sensing, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev DE radar; interferometry; topography; remote sensing; SCANSAR; synthetic-aperture AB The use of interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (IFSAR) to measure elevation is one of the most powerful and promising capabilities of radar. A properly equipped spaceborne IFSAR system can produce a highly accurate global digital elevation map, including cloud-covered areas, in significantly less time and at significantly lower cost than with other systems. For accurate topography, the interferometric measurements must be performed simultaneously in physically separate receive systems, since measurements made at different times with the same system (repeat track) suffer significant decorrelation. The U.S./German/Italian Spaceborne Imaging Radar C/X-Band Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR), successfully flown twice in 1994 aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, offers a unique opportunity for global multifrequency elevation mapping by the year 2000. With appropriate augmentation, SIR-C/X-SAR is capable of producing an accurate elevation map covering 80% of the Earth's land surface (between 54 degrees S and 60 degrees N latitude) in a single 10-day Shuttle flight. The existing U.S. SIR-C SCANSAR mode provides a 225-km swath at C-band, which makes this coverage possible. Addition of a C-band receive antenna, extended from the Shuttle bay on a mast and operating in concert with the existing SIR-C antenna, produces an interferometric pair. Accuracy is enhanced by utilizing the SIR-C dual polarizations simultaneously to form separate SCANSAR beams. Due to the practical limitation of approximately 60 meters for the mast length, the longer SIR-C L-band wavelength does not produce useful elevation measurement accuracy. IFSAR measurements can also be obtained by the German/Italian X-SAR, simultaneously with SIR-C, by utilizing an added outboard antenna at X-band to produce a swath coverage of about 50 km. Accuracy can be enhanced at both frequencies by processing both ascending and descending data takes. It is estimated that the 90% linear absolute elevation error achievable is less that 16 meters for elevation postings of 30 meters. This will be the first use of spaceborne IFSAR to acquire accurate topographic data on a global scale. RP Jordan, RL (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2362-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2958 BP 412 EP 422 DI 10.1117/12.262717 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BG97C UT WOS:A1996BG97C00039 ER PT B AU Imbriale, WA AF Imbriale, WA BE Afsar, MN TI Design techniques for beam waveguide systems SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications III CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Rome Lab, Tufts Univ, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE beam waveguide antennas; physical optics; Geometrical Optics; Gaussian beam; high-power focal plane matching AB Various design techniques used for beam waveguide (BWG) feed systems are characterized. These include the use of gaussian beam, Geometrical Optics and physical optics systems. Also introduced is a new technique based upon a conjugate phase matching focal plane technique. Advantages, disadvantages and range of applicability of each technique is given. In addition, comparisons of computed and measured results from each type of design are presented. RP Imbriale, WA (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2842 BP 192 EP 200 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BG93T UT WOS:A1996BG93T00023 ER PT S AU Rayman, MD Saunders, RS AF Rayman, MD Saunders, RS BE Foing, BH Manka, RH Lemke, D TI Optical interferometry from the lunar surface SO MISSIONS TO THE MOON AND EXPLORING THE COLD UNIVERSE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1, E1/B3 and E3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commissions Band E on Missions to the Moon and Exploring the Cold Universe, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR AB A preliminary study was conducted to determine the feasibility of a concept for a robust and expandable lunar optical interferometer that would perform new science even with the modest first element. With a phased approach, early steps verify technology for later phases. As elements are added to the observational system, astronomical observations unachievable from the surface of Earth are made possible. The initial experiment is supported by the Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope Experiment (LUTE), a 1-meter-class transit telescope. The first interferometry element, the Lunar Interferometer Technology Experiment (LITE), will perform ultraviolet astrometry and will demonstrate critical interferometer technologies (including optical delay lines and nanometer-level metrology) in the lunar environment. Subsequent elements will add capability, building on the design and performance of both LITE and LUTE. The starlight collectors will be based on the LUTE design but will be capable of being pointed. They will relay the received light to a centrally positioned beam combiner. As more collectors are added, the system will build up from an astrometric interferometer to an imaging interferometer with 100-m-class baselines. Because discrete elements are used, if any one of the collectors fails completely, the system remains functional. Copyright (C) 1996. C1 NASA HEADQUARTERS,MISSION PLANET EARTH STUDY OFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20546. RP Rayman, MD (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042905-X J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 11 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00087-7 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG31E UT WOS:A1996BG31E00007 ER PT S AU Russell, CT Abshire, J AHearn, M Arnold, J Elphic, RC Head, J Pieters, C Hickman, M Palac, D Kluever, C Konopliv, A Metzger, A Sercel, J McCord, T Phillips, RJ Purdy, W Rosenthal, R Sykes, M AF Russell, CT Abshire, J AHearn, M Arnold, J Elphic, RC Head, J Pieters, C Hickman, M Palac, D Kluever, C Konopliv, A Metzger, A Sercel, J McCord, T Phillips, RJ Purdy, W Rosenthal, R Sykes, M BE Foing, BH Manka, RH Lemke, D TI A solar electric propulsion mission to the Moon and beyond SO MISSIONS TO THE MOON AND EXPLORING THE COLD UNIVERSE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1, E1/B3 and E3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commissions Band E on Missions to the Moon and Exploring the Cold Universe, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR AB The technological development of solar electric propulsion has advanced significantly over the last several years, Mission planners are now seriously examining which missions would benefit most from solar electric propulsion, NASA's Solar System Exploration Division is cofunding with the Advanced Concepts and Technology Division both ground and space qualification tests of components for electric propulsion systems, In response to the impending release of NASA's Announcement of Opportunity for Discovery class planetary missions we have undertaken a prephase A study of a Solar Electric Propulsion mission to the Moon, In this paper we review some of our findings about missions using solar electric propulsion and outline a possible scenario for a lunar mission. Solar electric propulsion can shorten mission flight times, enable launches on smaller rockets, and provide greater flexibility including longer launch windows. Such a mission launched now would enable us to complete the geophysical and geochemical mapping of the Moon left undone by both the Apollo and Clementine missions and to demonstrate a technology of significant importance to both future planetary exploration and the growing commercial space market. Copyright (C) 1996 COSPAR C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. BROWN UNIV,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. UNIV MISSOURI,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. CIT,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA. UNIV HAWAII,HONOLULU,HI 96822. WASHINGTON UNIV,ST LOUIS,MO. UNIV ARIZONA,TRW,SPACE & ELECT GRP,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ. RP Russell, CT (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. RI Abshire, James/I-2800-2013 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042905-X J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 11 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00092-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG31E UT WOS:A1996BG31E00012 ER PT S AU Potter, AE Zook, HA Morgan, TH AF Potter, AE Zook, HA Morgan, TH BE Foing, BH Manka, RH Lemke, D TI Optical effects of dust and gas in the lunar atmosphere SO MISSIONS TO THE MOON AND EXPLORING THE COLD UNIVERSE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1, E1/B3 and E3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commissions Band E on Missions to the Moon and Exploring the Cold Universe, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR C1 SW RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX. RP Potter, AE (reprint author), NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042905-X J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 11 BP 82 EP 82 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00105-6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG31E UT WOS:A1996BG31E00014 ER PT S AU Saunders, RS Pilcher, C AF Saunders, RS Pilcher, C BE Foing, BH Manka, RH Lemke, D TI NASA Mission From Planet Earth: Developing the Moon as an observational platform SO MISSIONS TO THE MOON AND EXPLORING THE COLD UNIVERSE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1, E1/B3 and E3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commissions Band E on Missions to the Moon and Exploring the Cold Universe, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR C1 NASA,WASHINGTON,DC 20546. RP Saunders, RS (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROPULS LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042905-X J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 11 BP 121 EP 121 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00098-1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG31E UT WOS:A1996BG31E00020 ER PT S AU Melnick, GJ Dalgarno, A Erickson, NR Fazio, GG Goldsmith, PF Harwit, M Hollenbach, DJ Koch, DG Neufeld, DA Schieder, R Snell, RL Stauffer, JR Thaddeus, P Tolls, V Winnewisser, GF AF Melnick, GJ Dalgarno, A Erickson, NR Fazio, GG Goldsmith, PF Harwit, M Hollenbach, DJ Koch, DG Neufeld, DA Schieder, R Snell, RL Stauffer, JR Thaddeus, P Tolls, V Winnewisser, GF BE Foing, BH Manka, RH Lemke, D TI The submillimeter wave astronomy satellite: Mission science objectives SO MISSIONS TO THE MOON AND EXPLORING THE COLD UNIVERSE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1, E1/B3 and E3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commissions Band E on Missions to the Moon and Exploring the Cold Universe, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR AB The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS) mission is dedicated to the study of star formation and interstellar chemistry. To carry out this mission, SWAS will survey dense (n(H2) > 10(3) cm(-3)) molecular clouds within our galaxy in either the ground-state or a low-lying transition of five astrophysically important species: H2O, (H2O)-O-18, O-2, CI, and (CO)-C-13. By observing these lines SWAS will: (1) test long-standing theories that predict that these species are the dominant coolants of molecular clouds during the early stages of their collapse to form stars and planets and (2) supply heretofore missing information about the abundance of key species central to the chemical models of dense interstellar gas. SWAS will employ two independent Schottky barrier diode mixers, passively cooled to similar to 150 K, coupled to a 54 x 68-cm off-axis Cassegrain antenna with an aggregate surface error less than or equal to 11 mu m rms. During its three-year mission, SWAS will observe giant and dark cloud cores with the goal of detecting or setting an upper limit on the water abundance of 3 x 10(-6) (relative to H-2) and on the molecular oxygen abundance of 2 x 10(-6) (relative to H-2). In addition, advantage will be taken of SWAS's relatively large beamsize of 3.2 x 4.0 arcminutes at 551 GHz and 3.6 x 4.5 arcminutes at 492 GHz to obtain large-area (similar to 1 degrees x 1 degrees) maps of giant and dark clouds in the (CO)-C-13 and CI lines. With the use of a 1.4 GHz bandwidth acousto-optical spectrometer, SWAS will have the ability to simultaneously observe the H2O, O-2, CI, and (CO)-C-13 lines. All measurements will be conducted with a velocity resolution of less than 1 km s(-1). Copyright (C) 1996 COSPAR C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV COLOGNE,COLOGNE,GERMANY. RP Melnick, GJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Goldsmith, Paul/H-3159-2016 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042905-X J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 11 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00014-2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG31E UT WOS:A1996BG31E00028 ER PT B AU Davila, JM Rust, DM Pizzo, V Liewer, PC AF Davila, JM Rust, DM Pizzo, V Liewer, PC BE Rust, DM TI Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) SO MISSIONS TO THE SUN SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Missions to the Sun CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE solar mission; tomography; solar corona; solar wind; solar cycle variations; solar dynamo AB The solar output changes on a variety of timescales, from minutes, to years, to tens of years and even to hundreds of years. The dominant timescale of variation is, of course, the 11-year solar cycle. Observational evidence shows that the physics of solar output variation is strongly tied to changes in the magnetic field, and perhaps the most dramatic manifestation of a constantly changing magnetic field is the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). On August 5-6, 1996 the Second Workshop to discuss missions to observe these phenomena from new vantage points, organized by the authors, was held in Boulder, Colorado at the NOAA Space Environment Center. The workshop was attended by approximately 20 scientists representing 13 institutions from the United States and Europe. The purpose of the Workshop was to discuss the different concepts for multi-spacecraft observation of the Sun which have been proposed, to develop a list of scientific objectives, and to arrive at a consensus description of a mission to observe the Sun from new vantage points. The fundamental goal of STEREO is to discover how coronal mass ejections start at the Sun and propagate in interplanetary space. The workshop started with the propositions that coronal mass ejections (CME's) are fundamental manifestations of rapid large-scale change in the global magnetic structure of the Sun, that CME's are a major driver of coronal evolution, and that they may play a major role in the solar dynamo. Workshop participants developed a mission concept that will lead to a comprehensive characterization of CME disturbances through build-up, initiation, launch, and propagation to Earth. It will also build a clear picture of the long-term evolution of the corona. Participants in the workshop recommended that STEREO be a joint mission with the European scientific community and that it consist of four spacecraft: 'East' at 1 AU neat L4, 60 deg from Earth to detect active regions 5 days before they can be seen by terrestrial telescopes. 'West' at L5 views the sources of energetic particle events reaching Earth. 'Earth Orbiter' to view the Sun, solar plasma and Earth's magnetosphere, and 'North-South' in a 1 AU orbit tilted 30 deg from the ecliptic plane to provide measurements of polar fields and high-latitude activity. All spacecraft will carry solar activity imagers (e.g., EUV telescope and white-light coronagraph) and radio burst detectors to support a tomography program. All will carry sensitive polarimeters that will image CME's from 40 solar radii to 1 AU, and all will carry instruments for situ plasma and energetic particle sampling. East and North-South have solar vector magnetographs. RP Davila, JM (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2192-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2804 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1117/12.259724 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG93W UT WOS:A1996BG93W00005 ER PT B AU Davila, JM AF Davila, JM BE Rust, DM TI Tomography of the solar corona and the inner heliosphere: The solar imaging of coronal extended structures (SLICES) SO MISSIONS TO THE SUN SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Missions to the Sun CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE solar mission; tomography; solar corona; solar wind AB In the solar corona, the density scale height is large, a considerable fraction of a solar radius. Because of this, observations of the Sun from a single vantage point produce images which show an unavoidable overlapping of many structures along the line of sight. This makes it difficult, and sometimes impossible, to determine the true nature of the feature being observed. This difficulty can be overcome by obtaining simultaneous observations from multiple vantage points. Using these observations, and a reconstructions process similar to that used in medical imaging applications, the true three-dimensional nature of the solar corona can be deduced. The same process can be used to follow the formation of coronal mass ejections (CME's) in the low corona and the propagation of CME's through interplanetary space. RP Davila, JM (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2192-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2804 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.259728 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG93W UT WOS:A1996BG93W00008 ER PT B AU Desai, UD Acuna, MH Cline, TL Dennis, BR Orwig, LE Trombka, JI Starr, RD AF Desai, UD Acuna, MH Cline, TL Dennis, BR Orwig, LE Trombka, JI Starr, RD BE Rust, DM TI High spectral resolution x-ray measurements of solar flares and gamma ray bursts on two new small satellites SO MISSIONS TO THE SUN SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Missions to the Sun CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE solar; flare; x-ray; detector; gamma ray bursts AB Two new small satellites will be launched in late 1996, each carrying x-ray and gamma-ray detectors capable of high spectral resolution while operating at or near room temperature. The Argentinean Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas B (SAC-B) and the Small Spacecraft Technology Initiative (SSTI) Clark mission will each carry several arrays of x-ray detectors primarily to study solar flares and gamma ray bursts. Arrays of small (8mm x 8mm x 2mm thick) cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors will provide x-ray measurements in the 5 - 60 keV range with an energy resolution of 2 - 4 keV. Arrays of both silicon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and P-intrinsic-N (PIN) photodiodes will provide energy coverage from 2 to 20 keV with similar to 1 keV resolution. High energy data from 30 to 300 keV will be obtained on SAC-B using CsI(Tl) scintillators coupled to silicon APDs, resulting in significant savings in weight, power, and volume relative to conventional CsI-photomultiplier systems. RP Desai, UD (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Dennis, Brian/C-9511-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2192-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2804 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.259701 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG93W UT WOS:A1996BG93W00009 ER PT B AU Haas, JP Payne, L AF Haas, JP Payne, L BE Rust, DM TI Software configurable CCD camera for SOHO mission SO MISSIONS TO THE SUN SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Missions to the Sun CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE CCD; configurable; VDS; NIS; CDS; SOHO; programmable; transputer AB Goddard's Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics has developed a CCD camera design for space flight use with multi-mission capability as part of its design philosophy. The first application of this camera is being demonstrated as part of the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) launched on December 2, 1995. The multi-mission design philosophy allows for the architecture of the camera electronics to be largely independent of the actual CCD selected for use as the detector. It is the CCD device itself that is typically the mission dependent part of the instrument. This is of great importance to the overall camera design since CCD topologies can vary widely from one manufacturer to another. Such factors as aspect ratio, number of pixels, readout mechanisms. clock phasing and clocking levels are all variables that must be incorporated into the hardware design of the camera. Among the advantages of this approach are the reduction of dedicated hardware and CCD development time. Also, since the camera can be reprogrammed from the ground, it is possible to continually optimize CCD performance in orbit. This may prove useful in offsetting degradation of the device due to factors such as radiation damage. RP Haas, JP (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,CODE 683,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2192-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2804 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.259706 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG93W UT WOS:A1996BG93W00012 ER PT B AU Jones, HP AF Jones, HP BE Rust, DM TI On-line analysis and compression of spectra-spectroheliograms SO MISSIONS TO THE SUN SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Missions to the Sun CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE on-line data reduction; data compression; spectrum lines AB The on-line algorithm used by the NASA/National Solar Observatory (NSO) Spectromagnetograph (SPM) for analysis of long-slit spectrum-line profiles is presented with a view towards future application to processing large volumes of data from spacecraft and other remote instruments. At every spatial position, the procedure finds continuum intensity, equivalent width, and wavelength position and intensity of the central extremum of absorption or emission. The wavelength position of line center is found from the zero-crossing of the convolution of the line profile with a fixed anti-symmetric kernel. As currently used with the spectromagnetograph, images based on the line parameters computed at every spatial position are saved, but the original data are discarded. This paper explores the possibility of preserving the data in compressed form by saving, in addition to the derived line parameters, the differences between the data and model profiles synthesized from the on-line analysis. RP Jones, HP (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SW SOLAR STN,NATL SOLAR OBSERV,POB 26732,TUCSON,AZ 85726, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2192-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2804 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.259707 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG93W UT WOS:A1996BG93W00013 ER PT B AU Payne, L Haas, JP AF Payne, L Haas, JP BE Rust, DM TI General purpose solid state camera for SERTS SO MISSIONS TO THE SUN SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Missions to the Sun CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE CCD; CID; camera; VME; multichannel; transputer; Occam; OS-9 AB The Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics at Goddard Space Flight Center uses a variety of CCD's and other solid state imaging sensors for its instrumentation programs. Traditionally, custom camera systems are built around the imaging device to optimize the circuitry for the particular sensor. This usually produces a camera. that is small, uses little power and is elegant. Although these are desirable characteristics, this approach is also expensive and time consuming. An alternative approach is to design a 'universal' camera that is easily customized to meet specific mission requirements. This is the approach our team used for SERTS. The camera design used to support the SERTS mission is a general purpose camera design that is derived from an existing camera on the SOHO spacecraft. This camera is designed to be rugged, modest in power requirements and flexible. The base design of the camera supports quadrant CCD devices with up to 4 phases. Imaging devices with simpler architectures are in general supportable. The basic camera is comprised of a main electronics box which performs all timing generation, voltage level control, data processing and compression. A second unit, placed close to the detector head, is responsible for driving the image device control electrodes and amplifying the multichannel detector video. Programmable high voltage units are used for the single stage MCP type intensifier. The detector head is customized for each sensor type supported. Auxiliary equipment includes a frame buffer that works either as a multi-frame storage unit or as a photon counting accumulation unit. This unit also performs interface buffering so that the camera may appear as a piece of GPIB instrumentation. RP Payne, L (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2192-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2804 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1117/12.259710 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG93W UT WOS:A1996BG93W00014 ER PT B AU Amato, MJ Thomas, RJ Davila, JM Polidan, RS AF Amato, MJ Thomas, RJ Davila, JM Polidan, RS BE Rust, DM TI Conceptual design for a solar instrument on the proposed Spartan Lite spacecraft SO MISSIONS TO THE SUN SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Missions to the Sun CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE solar mission; low cost; Spartan Lite; conceptual solar instrument design AB Spartan Lire is a proposed series of very low-cost spacecraft missions which offer potential flight opportunities for pointed solar experiments. Early versions will be launched as Space Shuttle attached payloads with the capability of being released for free flight. They would not be recovered, allowing useful lifetimes of six months to one year. An expendable launch vehicle (ELV) option will be added later. The spacecraft is 3-axis stabilized with a cylindrical instrument cavity 100 cm long and 36 cm in diameter. If approved, the program would provide multiple launch opportunities during the upcoming solar maximum. A conceptual instrument design for a solar pointed mission on Spartan Lite is shown and discussed. The Extreme-Ultraviolet Normal Incidence Spectrograph (EUNIS) will observe the solar spectrum between 290 and 466 A with high spatial and spectral resolutions. The large bandpass is due to the compact design, fitting two optical systems into the instrument cavity, each observing a different, but overlapping, wavelength range. RP Amato, MJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2192-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2804 BP 206 EP 216 DI 10.1117/12.259704 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG93W UT WOS:A1996BG93W00022 ER PT B AU Dennis, BR Lin, RP Canfield, RC Crannell, CJ Emslie, AG Holman, GD Hudson, HS Hurford, GJ Ling, JC Madden, NW Ramaty, R AF Dennis, BR Lin, RP Canfield, RC Crannell, CJ Emslie, AG Holman, GD Hudson, HS Hurford, GJ Ling, JC Madden, NW Ramaty, R BE Rust, DM TI The High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager - HESSI SO MISSIONS TO THE SUN SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Missions to the Sun CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE solar flares; X-rays; gamma-rays; imaging; spectroscopy AB The primary scientific objective of the High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (HESSI) is to understand particle acceleration and explosive energy release in the magnetized plasmas at the Sun. HESSI will provide the first hard X-ray imaging spectroscopy, the first high-resolution spectroscopy of solar gamma-my lines from a spacecraft, the first imaging above 100 keV, and the first imaging of Solar gamma-ray lines. The gamma-ray imaging spectroscopy will provide the first information on the spatial distribution of energetic (>1 MeV) protons, heavy ions, and relativistic electrons, and the first information on the angular distribution of the energetic ions. It will also provide detailed information on elemental abundances for both the accelerated ions and the ambient ions in the interaction region. HESSI uses Fourier-transform imaging spectroscopy to cover the broad energy range from soft X-rays (2 keV) to gamma-rays (20 MeV) with spatial resolutions down to 2 arcseconds and spectral resolutions down to 1 keV. This capability is achieved with 12 bi-grid rotating modulation collimators located in front of a corresponding set of 12 pairs of cooled germanium and silicon (Si(Li)) detectors to provide the wide spectral coverage. HESSI has been selected by NASA as an alternate Medium-class Explorer (MIDEX) mission, for launch in the year 2000. If it does not get funded as a flight mission, it will be descoped and proposed as a Small Explorer (SMEX) mission for launch in 2000 at half the MIDEX cost. RP Dennis, BR (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,CODE 682,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Holman, Gordon/C-9548-2012; Dennis, Brian/C-9511-2012 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2192-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2804 BP 228 EP 240 DI 10.1117/12.259716 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG93W UT WOS:A1996BG93W00024 ER PT B AU Colombano, SP Patel, T Raghavan, B Thomas, S AF Colombano, SP Patel, T Raghavan, B Thomas, S BE Javor, A Lehmann, A Molnar, I TI A fuzzy/genetic modeling approach for systems that produce sparse data SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Simulation Multiconference CY JUN 02-06, 1996 CL BUDAPEST UNIV ECON SCI, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Soc Comp Simulat Int, Czech & Slovak Simulat Soc, Chinese Assoc Syst Simulat, EUROSIM, Federat European Simulat Soc, European Simulat council, Hungarian Simulat Soc, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, Latvian Simulat Soc, Polish Simulat Soc, Simulat In Europe ESPRIT Working Grp, Turkish Simulat Soc HO BUDAPEST UNIV ECON SCI AB Modeling of complex systems for such areas as control or, diagnosis is sometimes mathematically unmanageable due to non-linearities or lack of sufficient knowledge about the system. Data driven models, such as neural networks, are often very successful with these cases. There are problems, however, where the data themselves are very sparse and cannot be relied on to build intrinsic models. These are the types of problems we are addressing. If some prior knowledge about the system exists, it is typically possible to cast it in the form of fuzzy rules. Most uncertainty about the system is then relegated to the definition of all relevant membership functions. The parameters which define these membership functions can then be coded into a "chromosome" string, and a genetic algorithm can be applied to improve the quality of the membership functions. The fitness measure is provided by the closeness in match between the results of the fuzzy modeling system and any data obtained from the real system. This technique differs from data driven models such as neural networks in the fact that very few data points are required to achieve good generalization. As an example, we have applied this technique to a diagnostic problem. Given sensor readings from a panel that is subject to stresses and given, a few fault instances on the same panel, we build and refine a fuzzy system that can locate new surface faults with good accuracy. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Colombano, SP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-097-8 PY 1996 BP 661 EP 665 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BQ56K UT WOS:000088778200116 ER PT J AU Baumann, U Chang, S AF Baumann, U Chang, S TI Asymmetric structure of five and six membered DNA hairpin loops SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE DNA hairpin loops; asymmetric loop structure; mung bean nuclease; nuclease accessibility of DNAs; nuclease as structural probe ID BEAN NUCLEASE CLEAVAGE; STRAND-SPECIFIC NUCLEASE; TRANSFER-RNA; SEQUENCE AB The tertiary structure of nucleic acid hairpins was elucidated by means of the accessibility of the single-strand-specific nuclease from mung bean. This molecular probe has proven especially useful in determining details of the structural arrangement of the nucleotides within a loop. In this study 3'-labeling is introduced to complement previously used 5'-labeling in order to assess and to exclude possible artifacts of the method. Both labeling procedures result in mutually consistent cleavage patterns. Therefore, methodological artifacts can be excluded and the potential of the nuclease as structural probe is increased. DNA hairpins with five and six membered loops reveal an asymmetric loop structure with a sharp bend of the phosphate-ribose backbone between the second and third nucleotide on the 3'-side of a loop. These hairpin structures differ from smaller loops with 3 or 4 members, which reveal this type of bend between the first and second 3' nucleotide, and resemble with respect to the asymmetry anticodon loops of tRNA. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,PLANET BIOL BRANCH,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4851 J9 MOL BIOL REP JI Mol. Biol. Rep. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1007/BF00996301 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA VB217 UT WOS:A1996VB21700002 ER PT S AU Huo, WM Thummel, HT AF Huo, WM Thummel, HT BE Capitelli, M TI Electron - Air molecule collisions in hypersonic flows SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND HYPERSONIC FLOWS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Molecular Physics and Hypersonic Flows CY MAY 21-JUN 03, 1995 CL MARATEA, ITALY SP NATO Sci Comm, Azienda Autonoma Soggiorno & Turismo Maratea, CNR, Univ Bari, CIRA C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-4055-8 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 482 BP 115 EP 137 PG 23 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Engineering; Physics GA BF78G UT WOS:A1996BF78G00007 ER PT S AU Scott, CD AF Scott, CD BE Capitelli, M TI Recombination of atomic species on surfaces SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND HYPERSONIC FLOWS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Molecular Physics and Hypersonic Flows CY MAY 21-JUN 03, 1995 CL MARATEA, ITALY SP NATO Sci Comm, Azienda Autonoma Soggiorno & Turismo Maratea, CNR, Univ Bari, CIRA C1 NASA,JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-4055-8 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 482 BP 161 EP 180 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Engineering; Physics GA BF78G UT WOS:A1996BF78G00009 ER PT S AU Partridge, H Stallcop, JR Levin, E AF Partridge, H Stallcop, JR Levin, E BE Capitelli, M TI Potential energies and collision integrals for the interactions of air components SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND HYPERSONIC FLOWS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Molecular Physics and Hypersonic Flows CY MAY 21-JUN 03, 1995 CL MARATEA, ITALY SP NATO Sci Comm, Azienda Autonoma Soggiorno & Turismo Maratea, CNR, Univ Bari, CIRA C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,DIV SPACE SCI,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-4055-8 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 482 BP 323 EP 338 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Engineering; Physics GA BF78G UT WOS:A1996BF78G00019 ER PT S AU Stallcop, JR Partridge, H Levin, E AF Stallcop, JR Partridge, H Levin, E BE Capitelli, M TI Potential energies and collision integrals for the interactions of air components SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND HYPERSONIC FLOWS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Molecular Physics and Hypersonic Flows CY MAY 21-JUN 03, 1995 CL MARATEA, ITALY SP NATO Sci Comm, Azienda Autonoma Soggiorno & Turismo Maratea, CNR, Univ Bari, CIRA C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,SPACE TECHNOL DIV,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-4055-8 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 482 BP 339 EP 349 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Engineering; Physics GA BF78G UT WOS:A1996BF78G00020 ER PT B AU Launius, RD AF Launius, RD BE Davies, DJ TI Neither Mormon nor Protestant? The Reorganized Church and the challenge of identity SO MORMON IDENTITIES IN TRANSITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mormon Studies - Mormon Identities in Transition CY APR, 1995 CL UNIV NOTTINGHAM, DERBY HALL, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Univ Nottingham, Dept Theol HO UNIV NOTTINGHAM, DERBY HALL C1 NASA,WASHINGTON,DC 20546. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CASSELL PI LONDON PA VILLIERS HOUSE, 41/47 STRAND, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2N 5JE BN 0-304-33686-6 PY 1996 BP 52 EP 60 PG 9 WC Religion SC Religion GA BH45S UT WOS:A1996BH45S00007 ER PT B AU Weisskopf, MC ODell, SL VanSpeybroeck, L AF Weisskopf, MC ODell, SL VanSpeybroeck, L BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI The advanced x-ray astrophysics facility (AXAF) SO MULTILAYER AND GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY/EUV OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III Conference CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 153 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2193-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2805 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.245079 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG07W UT WOS:A1996BG07W00001 ER PT B AU Zissa, DE Ahmad, A Feng, C AF Zissa, DE Ahmad, A Feng, C BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Performance modeling of grazing-incidence optics with structural deformations and fabrication errors SO MULTILAYER AND GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY/EUV OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III Conference CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-ray optics; grazing-incidence optics; optical analysis; fabrication errors; structural deformations; finite-element analysis; integrated system modeling; alignment; calibration; AXAF-I C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRION LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2193-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2805 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1117/12.245105 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG07W UT WOS:A1996BG07W00004 ER PT B AU Smithers, ME Zissa, DE AF Smithers, ME Zissa, DE BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) optical performance analysis SO MULTILAYER AND GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY/EUV OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III Conference CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE solar x-ray imager; SXI; grazing-incidence optics; x-ray optics; optical analysis C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRION LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2193-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2805 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1117/12.245084 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG07W UT WOS:A1996BG07W00012 ER PT B AU Hyon, J Sorensen, S Martin, M Kawasaki, K Takacs, M AF Hyon, J Sorensen, S Martin, M Kawasaki, K Takacs, M BE Kuo, CCJ TI A WWW-based archive and retrieval system for multimedia production SO MULTIMEDIA STORAGE AND ARCHIVING SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multimedia Storage and Archiving Systems CY NOV 18-19, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE metadata formats multimedia WWW jukebox order CD-ROM AB This paper describes the Data Distribution Laboratory (DDL) and discusses issues involved in building multimedia CD-ROMs. It describes the modeling philosophy for cataloging multimedia products and the worldwide-web (WWW)-based multimedia archive and retrieval system (Webcat) built on that model. RP Hyon, J (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,SCI DATA MANAGEMENT & ARCHIVING SECT,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2318-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2916 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.257299 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BG67L UT WOS:A1996BG67L00003 ER PT B AU Zong, J Smyth, MM Jovanovic, VM AF Zong, J Smyth, MM Jovanovic, VM BE Huberty, B Lurie, JB Caylor, JA Coppin, P Robert, PC TI MISR band-to-band registration SO MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING FOR TERRESTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral Imaging for Terrestrial Applications CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE geolocation; co-registration; orbit perturbation; navigation error; image parallax; transform AB During the standard gee-rectification processing of MISR imagery, all four spectral bands belonging to each of the nine MISR cameras are required to be geolocated and co-registered automatically to approximately one pixel accuracy. Two steps of processing are designed to accomplish this goal: 1) a complex multi-camera geolocation and co-registration of the red spectral band data for all nine cameras, and 2) the co-registration of the other three spectral bands of MISR imagery of each camera using their relationship with the already geolocated red band imagery. This paper addresses the second processing step. The geometry of the satellite orbit, the ellipsoid rotating earth, and the separation of the view angles between different spectral bands are combined in a mathematical model which describes the band-to-band line and sample parallaxes. The sensitivity study of this model to numerous error sources, such as variations in the orbit and earth radius, orbit perturbation, and navigation errors, leads to a practical polynomial band-to-band transform solution, and the decision on the usage of either a static or dynamic band-to-band transform as well as the application range of the transform. RP Zong, J (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,MAIL STOP 169-315,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2206-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2818 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1117/12.256088 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG73C UT WOS:A1996BG73C00018 ER PT B AU Dabney, PW Tierney, MR Irons, JR Kovalick, WM Bur, MC Russell, CA AF Dabney, PW Tierney, MR Irons, JR Kovalick, WM Bur, MC Russell, CA BE Huberty, B Lurie, JB Caylor, JA Coppin, P Robert, PC TI Calibration methods and results for the advanced solid-state array spectroradiometer (ASAS) SO MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING FOR TERRESTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral Imaging for Terrestrial Applications CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB Improved methods for calibrating and characterizing the CCD array based off-nadir tiltable Advanced Solid-State Array Spectroradiometer (ASAS) were developed and applied. Sensor characteristics such as radiometric sensitivity, polarization sensitivity, signal-to-noise-ratio, temperature sensitivity, spectral bandpass, spectral distortion, and spatial resolution were measured. Radiometric sensitivity, array temperature sensitivity, and signal-to-noise were measured using a Barium Sulfate coated integrating hemisphere whose output calibration is traceable to NIST. Polarization sensitivity was measured for 62 spectral bands across all 512 spatial pixels (31 K pixels). Spectral bandpass and spectral distortion were measured using a 0.5 meter doublepass monochromator. Spatial resolution (given as the modulation-transfer-function - MTF) and distortion were measured using a combination of monochromatic collimated light to directly measure the point-spread-function (PSF) and the edge spread function (ESF) derived from actual image data. The MTF obtain using the two techniques are compared. Potential improvements to the test setups and methods are described. RP Dabney, PW (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 925,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Irons, James/D-8535-2012; Dabney, Philip/C-9976-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2206-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2818 BP 184 EP 193 DI 10.1117/12.256098 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG73C UT WOS:A1996BG73C00023 ER PT S AU Gonzales, AA Schuerger, AC Barford, C Mitchell, R AF Gonzales, AA Schuerger, AC Barford, C Mitchell, R BE MacElroy, RD Kreuzberg, K Nielsen, S Tibbits, TW TI Engineering strategies for the design of plant nutrient delivery systems for use in space: Approaches to countering microbiological contamination SO NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F4.1, F4.2, F4.5, F4.7, F4.8 and F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F on Natural and Artificial Ecosystems, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR ID HYDROPONICALLY GROWN LETTUCE; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; PYTHIUM ROOT-ROT; F-SP PHASEOLI; FILM TECHNIQUE; FUSARIUM-WILT; TEMPERATURE; APHANIDERMATUM; MICROORGANISMS; DISSOTOCUM AB Microbiological contamination of crops within space-based plant growth research chambers has been postulated as a potentially significant problem. Microbial infestations; fouling of Nutrient Delivery System (NDS) fluid loops; and the formation of biofilms have been suggested as the most obvious and important manifestations of the problem. Strict sanitation and quarantine procedures will reduce, but not eliminate, microbial species introduced into plant growth systems in space habitats. Microorganisms transported into space most likely will occur as surface contaminants on spacecraft components, equipment, the crew, and plant-propagative materials. illustrations of the potential magnitude of the microbiological contamination issue will be drawn from the literature and from documentation of laboratory and commercial field experience. Engineering strategies for limiting contamination and for the development of countermeasures will be described. Microbiological control technologies and NDS hardware will be discussed. Configurations appropriate for microgravity research facilities, as well as anticipated bio-regenerative life support system implementations, will be explored, An efficiently designed NDS, capable of adequately meeting the environmental needs of crop plants in space, is considered to be critical in both the research and operational domains. Recommended experiments, tests, and technology developments, structured to allow the development of prudent engineering solutions also will be presented. C1 WALT DISNEY WORLD CO, EPCOT CTR, LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL 32830 USA. HARVARD UNIV, DIV APPL SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Gonzales, AA (reprint author), NASA, AMES RES CTR, ADV LIFE SUPPORT DIV, MS 239-23, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042668-9 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4/5 BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00857-B PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Agronomy; Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Engineering; Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BE47C UT WOS:A1995BE47C00001 PM 11538815 ER PT S AU Mitchell, C Sherman, L Nielsen, S Nelson, P Trumbo, P Hodges, T Hasegawa, P Bressan, R Ladisch, M Auslander, D AF Mitchell, C Sherman, L Nielsen, S Nelson, P Trumbo, P Hodges, T Hasegawa, P Bressan, R Ladisch, M Auslander, D BE MacElroy, RD Kreuzberg, K Nielsen, S Tibbits, TW TI Earth benefits of interdisciplinary celss-related research by the NSCORT in bioregenerative life support SO NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F4.1, F4.2, F4.5, F4.7, F4.8 and F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F on Natural and Artificial Ecosystems, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR AB Earth benefits of research from the NSCORT in Bioregenerative Life Support will include the following: development of active control mechanisms for light, CO2, and temperature to maximize photosynthesis of crop plants during important phases of crop development; automation of crop culture systems; creation of novel culture systems for optimum productivity; creation of value-added crops with superior nutritional, yield, and waste-process characteristics; environmental control of food and toxicant composition of crops; new process technologies and novel food products for safe, nutritious, palatable vegetarian diets; creation of menus for healthful vegetarian diets with psychological acceptability; enzymatic procedures to degrade recalcitrant crop residues occurring in municipal waste; control-system strategies to ensure sustainability of a CELSS that will enable management of diverse complex systems on Earth. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT MECH ENGN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP Mitchell, C (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV, NASA, SPECIALIZED CTR RES & TRAINING BIOREGENERAT LIFE, 1165 HORT BLDG, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042668-9 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4/5 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00858-C PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Agronomy; Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Engineering; Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BE47C UT WOS:A1995BE47C00002 PM 11538802 ER PT S AU Schneegurt, MA Arieli, B Nielsen, SS Trumbo, PR Sherman, LA AF Schneegurt, MA Arieli, B Nielsen, SS Trumbo, PR Sherman, LA BE MacElroy, RD Kreuzberg, K Nielsen, S Tibbits, TW TI Evaluation of Scyanothece sp ATCC 51142 as a candidate for inclusion in a CELSS SO NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F4.1, F4.2, F4.5, F4.7, F4.8 and F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F on Natural and Artificial Ecosystems, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR AB Controlled ecological life support systems (CELSS) have been proposed to make long-duration manned space flights more cost-effective. Higher plants will presumably provide food and a breathable atmosphere for the crew. It has been suggested that imbalances between the CO2/O-2 gas exchange ratios of the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of the system will inevitably lead to an unstable system, and the loss of O-2 from the atmosphere. Ratio imbalances may be corrected by including a second autotroph with an appropriate CO2/O-2 gas exchange ratio. Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 is a large unicellular N-2-fixing cyanobacterium, exhibiting high growth rates under diverse physiological conditions. A rat-feeding study showed the biomass to be edible. Furthermore, it may have a CO2/O-2 gas exchange ratio that theoretically can compensate for ratio imbalances. It is suggested that Cyanothece spp. could fulfill several roles in a CELSS: supplementing atmosphere recycling, generating fixed N from the air, providing a balanced protein supplement, and protecting a CELSS in case of catastrophic crop failure. RP Schneegurt, MA (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV, NASA, SPECIALIZED CTR RES & TRAINING, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042668-9 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4/5 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00874-E PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Agronomy; Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Engineering; Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BE47C UT WOS:A1995BE47C00018 PM 11538794 ER PT S AU Batten, JH Stutte, GW Wheeler, RM AF Batten, JH Stutte, GW Wheeler, RM BE MacElroy, RD Kreuzberg, K Nielsen, S Tibbits, TW TI Volatile organic compounds detected in the atmosphere of NASA's biomass production chamber SO NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F4.1, F4.2, F4.5, F4.7, F4.8 and F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F on Natural and Artificial Ecosystems, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR AB Atmospheres of enclosed environments in which 20 m(2) stands of wheat, potato, and lettuce were grown were characterized and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A large number (in excess of 90) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in the chambers. Twenty eight VOC's were assumed to be of biogenic origin for these were not found in the chamber atmosphere when air samples were analyzed in the absence of plants. Some of the compounds found were unique to a single crop. For example, only 35% of the biogenic compounds detected in the wheat atmosphere were unique to wheat, while 36% were unique to potato and 26% were unique to lettuce. The number of compounds detected in the wheat (20 compounds) atmosphere was greater than that of potato (11) and lettuce (15) and concentration levels of biogenic and non-biogenic VOC's were similar. C1 NASA, BIOL OPERAT & LIFE SUPPORT, KENNEDY SPACE CTR, FL 32899 USA. RP Batten, JH (reprint author), BIONET CORP, MAIL CODE BIO-3, KENNEDY SPACE CTR, FL 32899 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042668-9 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4/5 BP 189 EP 192 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00876-G PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Agronomy; Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Engineering; Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BE47C UT WOS:A1995BE47C00020 PM 11538796 ER PT S AU Wheeler, RM Peterson, BV Sager, JC Knott, WM AF Wheeler, RM Peterson, BV Sager, JC Knott, WM BE MacElroy, RD Kreuzberg, K Nielsen, S Tibbits, TW TI Ethylene production by plants in a closed environment SO NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F4.1, F4.2, F4.5, F4.7, F4.8 and F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F on Natural and Artificial Ecosystems, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR ID GROWTH AB Ethylene production by 20-m(2) stands of wheat, soybean, lettuce and potato was monitored throughout growth and development in NASA's Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Biomass Production Chamber. Chamber ethylene concentrations rose during periods of rapid growth for all four species, reaching 120 parts per billion (ppb) for wheat, 60 ppb for soybean, and 40 to 50 ppb for lettuce and potato. Following this, ethylene concentrations declined during seed fill and maturation (wheat and soybean), or remained relatively constant (potato). Lettuce plants were harvested during rapid growth and peak ethylene production. The highest ethylene production rates (unadjusted for chamber leakage) ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 ml m(-2) day(-1) during rapid growth of lettuce and wheat stands, or approximately 0.8 to 1.1 nl g(-1) fresh weight h(-1). Results suggest that ethylene production by plants is a normal event coupled to periods of rapid metabolic activity, and that ethylene removal or control measures should be considered for growing crops in a tightly closed CELSS. RP Wheeler, RM (reprint author), NASA, OFF BIOL RES & LIFE SUPPORT, KENNEDY SPACE CTR, FL 32899 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042668-9 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4/5 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00877-H PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Agronomy; Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Engineering; Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BE47C UT WOS:A1995BE47C00021 PM 11538797 ER PT S AU Bingham, GE Salisbury, FB Campbell, WF Carman, JG Bubenheim, DL Yendler, B Sytchev, VN Berkovitch, YA Levinskikh, MA Podolsky, IG AF Bingham, GE Salisbury, FB Campbell, WF Carman, JG Bubenheim, DL Yendler, B Sytchev, VN Berkovitch, YA Levinskikh, MA Podolsky, IG BE MacElroy, RD Kreuzberg, K Nielsen, S Tibbits, TW TI The Spacelab-Mir-1 ''Greenhouse-2'' experiment SO NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F4.1, F4.2, F4.5, F4.7, F4.8 and F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F on Natural and Artificial Ecosystems, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR AB The Spacelab-Mir-1 (SLM-1) mission is the first docking of the Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-71) with the Orbital Station Mir in June 1995. The SLM-1 ''Greenhouse-2'' experiment will utilize the Russian-Bulgarian-developed plant growth unit (Svet). ''Greenhouse-2'' will include two plantings (1) designed to test the capability of Svet to grow a crop of Superdwarf wheat from seed to seed, and (2) to provide green plant material for post-flight analysis. Protocols, procedures, and equipment for the experiment have been developed by the US-Russian science team. ''Greenhouse-2'' will also provide the first orbital test of a new Svet Instrumentation System (SIS) developed by Utah State University to provide near real time data on plant environmental parameters and gas-exchange rates. SIS supplements the Svet control and monitoring system with additional sensors for substrate moisture, air temperature, IR leaf temperature, light, oxygen, pressure, humidity, and carbon-dioxide. SIS provides the capability to monitor canopy transpiration and net assimilation of the plants growing in each vegetation unit (root zone) by enclosing the canopy in separate, retractable, ventilated leaf chambers. Six times during the seed-to-seed experiment, plant samples will be collected, leaf area measured, and plant parts fixed and/or dried for ground analysis. A second planting initiated 30 days before the arrival of a U.S. Shuttle [originally planned to be STS-71] is designed to provide green material at the vegetative development stage for ground analysis. [As this paper is being edited, the experiment has been delayed until after the arrival of STS-71.] C1 NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. INST BIOMED PROBLEMS, MOSCOW 123007, RUSSIA. RP Bingham, GE (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042668-9 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4/5 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00881-E PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Agronomy; Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Engineering; Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BE47C UT WOS:A1995BE47C00025 PM 11538801 ER PT S AU Yendler, BS Webbon, B Podolski, I Bula, RJ AF Yendler, BS Webbon, B Podolski, I Bula, RJ BE MacElroy, RD Kreuzberg, K Nielsen, S Tibbits, TW TI Capillary movement of liquid in granular beds in microgravity SO NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F4.1, F4.2, F4.5, F4.7, F4.8 and F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F on Natural and Artificial Ecosystems, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR AB A more complete understanding of the dynamics of capillary flow through an unsaturated porous medium would be useful for the development of an effective water and nutrient delivery system for the growth of plants in space. An experiment was conducted on the Mir Space Station that used an experimental cuvette called ''Capillary Test Bed'' to compare fluid migration under terrestrial laboratory conditions by positioning the cuvette such that the hydrostatic force is negated and on Mir under microgravity conditions. Differences in fluid migration in the cuvette were observed with migration being slower in microgravity compared with some ground control experiments. C1 MOSCOW BIOMED PROBLEMS INST, MOSCOW 123007, RUSSIA. UNIV WISCONSIN, WISCONSIN CTR SPACE AUTOMAT & ROBOT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP Yendler, BS (reprint author), NASA, AMES RES CTR, BIONET CORP, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94305 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042668-9 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4/5 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00882-F PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Agronomy; Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Engineering; Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BE47C UT WOS:A1995BE47C00026 PM 11538803 ER PT S AU Corey, KA Bates, ME Adams, SL AF Corey, KA Bates, ME Adams, SL BE MacElroy, RD Kreuzberg, K Nielsen, S Tibbits, TW TI Carbon dioxide exchange of lettuce plants under hypobaric conditions SO NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F4.1, F4.2, F4.5, F4.7, F4.8 and F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F on Natural and Artificial Ecosystems, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR ID PRODUCTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTS; WHEAT AB Growth of plants in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) may involve the use of hypobaric pressures enabling lower mass requirements for atmospheres and possible enhancement of crop productivity. A controlled environment plane growth chamber with hypobaric capability designed and built at Ames Research Center was used to determine if reduced pressures influence the rates of photosynthesis (Ps) and dark respiration (DR) of hydroponically grown lettuce plants. The chamber, referred to as a plant volatiles chamber (PVC), has a growing area of about 0.2 m(2), a total gas volume of about 0.7 m(3), and a leak rate at 50 kPa of < 0.1%/day. When the pressure in the chamber was reduced from ambient to 51 kPa, the rate of net Ps increased by 25% and the rate of DR decreased by 40%. The rate of Ps increased linearly with decreasing pressure. There was a greater effect of reduced pressure at 41 Pa CO2 than at 81 Pa CO2. This is consistent with reports showing greater inhibition of photorespiration (Pr) in reduced O-2 at low CO2 concentrations. When the partial pressure of O-2 was held constant but the total pressure was varied between 51 and 101 kPa, the rate of CO2 uptake was nearly constant, suggesting that low pressure enhancement of Ps may be mainly attributable to lowered partial pressure of O-2 and the accompanying reduction in Pr. The effects of lowered partial pressure of O-2 on Ps and DR could result in substantial increases in the rates of biomass production, enabling rapid throughput of crops or allowing flexibility in the use of mass and energy resources for a CELSS. C1 NASA, AMES RES CTR, BIONET CORP, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. RP Corey, KA (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042668-9 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4/5 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00888-L PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Agronomy; Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Engineering; Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BE47C UT WOS:A1995BE47C00032 PM 11538809 ER PT J AU Chapman, B Stone, LS AF Chapman, B Stone, LS TI Turning a blind eye to cortical receptive fields SO NEURON LA English DT Review ID PRIMARY VISUAL-CORTEX; CAT; REORGANIZATION; RETINA; MAPS C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP Chapman, B (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CTR NEUROSCI,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1050 MASSACHUSETTES AVE, CIRCULATION DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0896-6273 J9 NEURON JI Neuron PD JAN PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80017-3 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA TT307 UT WOS:A1996TT30700003 PM 8562095 ER PT B AU Heckler, AF AF Heckler, AF BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Formation of a photosphere around microscopic black holes SO NEUTRINO MASS, DARK MATTER, GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, MONOPOLE CONDENSATION, AND LIGHT CONE QUANTIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Orbis Scientiae 1996 Focusing on Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter, Gravitational Waves, Monopole Condensation, and Light Cone Quantization CY JAN 25-28, 1996 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Global Fdn Inc RP Heckler, AF (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. RI Heckler, Andrew/A-7291-2010 OI Heckler, Andrew/0000-0001-5494-7855 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45391-6 PY 1996 BP 273 EP 282 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BG69C UT WOS:A1996BG69C00024 ER PT B AU Riotto, A AF Riotto, A BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI A supersymmetric model for mixed dark matter SO NEUTRINO MASS, DARK MATTER, GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, MONOPOLE CONDENSATION, AND LIGHT CONE QUANTIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Orbis Scientiae 1996 Focusing on Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter, Gravitational Waves, Monopole Condensation, and Light Cone Quantization CY JAN 25-28, 1996 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Global Fdn Inc RP Riotto, A (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45391-6 PY 1996 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BG69C UT WOS:A1996BG69C00025 ER PT B AU Kolb, EW AF Kolb, EW BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Light photinos and supersymmetric dark matter SO NEUTRINO MASS, DARK MATTER, GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, MONOPOLE CONDENSATION, AND LIGHT CONE QUANTIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Orbis Scientiae 1996 Focusing on Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter, Gravitational Waves, Monopole Condensation, and Light Cone Quantization CY JAN 25-28, 1996 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Global Fdn Inc RP Kolb, EW (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45391-6 PY 1996 BP 287 EP 298 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BG69C UT WOS:A1996BG69C00026 ER PT S AU Chien, S Hill, R Wang, XM Estlin, T Fayyad, K Mortenson, H AF Chien, S Hill, R Wang, XM Estlin, T Fayyad, K Mortenson, H BE Ghallab, M Milani, A TI Why real-world planning is difficult: A tale of two applications SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN AI PLANNING SE FRONTIERS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Workshop on AI Planning (EWSP 95) CY SEP, 1995 CL ASSISI, ITALY SP CNR, Univ Perugia, Dept Math, Italian Assoc Artificial Intelligence, LAAS CNRS, Toulouse, Perugia Nestle Co, Assisi Tourist Board, Cassa Risparmio Perugia C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6389 BN 90-5199-237-8 J9 FR ART INT PY 1996 VL 31 BP 287 EP 298 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF35Q UT WOS:A1996BF35Q00021 ER PT S AU Chien, SA Mortensen, HB AF Chien, SA Mortensen, HB BE Ghallab, M Milani, A TI The multimission VICAR planner: A fielded planning system for scientific data analysis SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN AI PLANNING SE FRONTIERS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Workshop on AI Planning (EWSP 95) CY SEP, 1995 CL ASSISI, ITALY SP CNR, Univ Perugia, Dept Math, Italian Assoc Artificial Intelligence, LAAS CNRS, Toulouse, Perugia Nestle Co, Assisi Tourist Board, Cassa Risparmio Perugia C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6389 BN 90-5199-237-8 J9 FR ART INT PY 1996 VL 31 BP 371 EP 382 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF35Q UT WOS:A1996BF35Q00027 ER PT S AU Chimento, TC Ross, MD AF Chimento, TC Ross, MD BE Highstein, SM Cohen, B ButtnerEnnever, JA TI Evidence of a sensory processing unit in the mammalian macula SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN VESTIBULAR RESEARCH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Directions in Vestibular Research CY JUN 25-27, 1995 CL NEW YORK, NY SP New York Acad Sci ID VESTIBULAR AFFERENT-FIBERS; GABA-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY; POST-SYNAPTIC POTENTIALS; RAT HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES; DENDRITIC SPINES; PYRAMIDAL CELLS; NERVE-FIBERS; HAIR-CELLS; GUINEA-PIG; NEURONS RP Chimento, TC (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,LIFE SCI BIOCOMPUTAT CTR,MS 239-11,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-006-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 781 BP 196 EP 212 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb15702.x PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA BF92G UT WOS:A1996BF92G00015 PM 8694415 ER PT S AU Honrubia, V Greenfield, A Lau, C Rupert, A AF Honrubia, V Greenfield, A Lau, C Rupert, A BE Highstein, SM Cohen, B ButtnerEnnever, JA TI Subjective sensation during interaction between horizontal vestibular and vertical pursuit stimulation SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN VESTIBULAR RESEARCH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Directions in Vestibular Research CY JUN 25-27, 1995 CL NEW YORK, NY SP New York Acad Sci ID SMOOTH PURSUIT; PSYCHOPHYSICAL RESPONSES; MOTION; PERCEPTION C1 OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA 22217. NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP Honrubia, V (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DIV HEAD & NECK SURG,CHS 62-132,10833 LE CONTE AVE,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-006-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 781 BP 407 EP 423 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb15716.x PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA BF92G UT WOS:A1996BF92G00029 PM 8694431 ER PT S AU Meza, G Bohne, B Daunton, N Fox, R Knox, J AF Meza, G Bohne, B Daunton, N Fox, R Knox, J BE Highstein, SM Cohen, B ButtnerEnnever, JA TI Damage and recovery of otolithic function following streptomycin treatment in the rat SO NEW DIRECTIONS IN VESTIBULAR RESEARCH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Directions in Vestibular Research CY JUN 25-27, 1995 CL NEW YORK, NY SP New York Acad Sci C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. NASA,AMES RES CTR,BIOMED RES DIV,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. SAN JOSE STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,SAN JOSE 95192,COSTA RICA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-006-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 781 BP 666 EP 669 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb15754.x PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA BF92G UT WOS:A1996BF92G00067 PM 8694471 ER PT B AU Mather, JC AF Mather, JC BE Block, DL Greenberg, JM TI The interstellar medium as observed by COBE SO NEW EXTRAGALACTIC PERSPECTIVES IN THE NEW SOUTH AFRICA SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cold Dust and Galaxy Morphology CY JAN 22-26, 1996 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA AB The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) was developed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to measure the diffuse infrared and microwave radiation from the early universe. It also measured emission from nearby sources such as the stars, dust, molecules, atoms, ions, and electrons in the Milky Way,and dust and comets in the Solar System. It was launched 18 November 1989 on a Delta rocket, carrying one microwave instrument and two cryogenically cooled infrared instruments. The Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) measured the fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) originating in the Big Bang, with a total amplitude of 11 parts per million on a 10 degrees scale. It also measured the synchrotron and free-free emission of the Galaxy. The Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) mapped the sky at wavelengths from 0.01 to 1 cm, and compared the CMBR to a precise blackbody. The spectrum of the CMBR differs from a blackbody by less than 0.03%. The FIRAS observed interstellar dust, showing that up to three different temperatures of dust are needed to explain the spectra. It also measured the emission of CO, [C I], [C II], and [N II], tracing several distinct phases of the gas. The Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) spanned the wavelength range from 1.2 to 240 mu m and mapped the sky at a wide range of solar elongation angles to distinguish foreground sources from a possible extragalactic Cosmic Infrared Background Radiation (CIBR). It measured foreground emission from stars, interstellar and interplanetary dust, the polarization of starlight from the Galactic Center, and the reddening of the Galactic plane by the dust absorption. RP Mather, JC (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,INFRARED ASTROPHYS BRANCH,CODE 685,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4223-2 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 1996 VL 209 BP 34 EP 49 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG78T UT WOS:A1996BG78T00004 ER PT B AU Pendleton, YJ AF Pendleton, YJ BE Block, DL Greenberg, JM TI Organics and ices in galactic dust SO NEW EXTRAGALACTIC PERSPECTIVES IN THE NEW SOUTH AFRICA SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cold Dust and Galaxy Morphology CY JAN 22-26, 1996 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA AB Hydrocarbon absorption (3.4 mu m) along several different sight-lines through the galaxy indicates that the dust carrier Lies in the diffuse interstellar medium (DISM). Correlations of the hydrocarbon and silicate absorption features suggest an increased abundance of both in the direction of the galactic center. Dense molecular clouds do not exhibit the same type of 3.4 mu m feature as seen in the DISM, which is puzzling in light of dust cycling times. Laboratory organics produced by different processes are compared to the DISM features. The 3.4 mu m feature has now been detected in other galaxies, which suggests that the widespread distribution of organic material in our own galaxy may be common to other galaxies as well. RP Pendleton, YJ (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MS 245-3,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4223-2 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 1996 VL 209 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG78T UT WOS:A1996BG78T00015 ER PT B AU SteimanCameron, TY AF SteimanCameron, TY BE Block, DL Greenberg, JM TI Dusty disks and the structure of early-type galaxies SO NEW EXTRAGALACTIC PERSPECTIVES IN THE NEW SOUTH AFRICA SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cold Dust and Galaxy Morphology CY JAN 22-26, 1996 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA RP SteimanCameron, TY (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MS245-3,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4223-2 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 1996 VL 209 BP 301 EP 308 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG78T UT WOS:A1996BG78T00037 ER PT B AU Cruikshank, DP AF Cruikshank, DP BE Block, DL Greenberg, JM TI Interstellar dust in the solar system SO NEW EXTRAGALACTIC PERSPECTIVES IN THE NEW SOUTH AFRICA SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cold Dust and Galaxy Morphology CY JAN 22-26, 1996 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA AB Interstellar (IS) dust has been detected passing through the Solar System in the current epoch, and it is found preserved from the presolar epoch in meteorites and comet fragments. RP Cruikshank, DP (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MS 245-6,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4223-2 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 1996 VL 209 BP 485 EP 488 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG78T UT WOS:A1996BG78T00058 ER PT B AU Sofia, UJ AF Sofia, UJ BE Block, DL Greenberg, JM TI The composition of interstellar dust SO NEW EXTRAGALACTIC PERSPECTIVES IN THE NEW SOUTH AFRICA SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cold Dust and Galaxy Morphology CY JAN 22-26, 1996 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA AB The majority of interstellar grain models are based on a dust population composed of carbon and silicate grains. Abundance studies using high-resolution absorption Line spectra, however, suggest that other grain types, perhaps oxides or metal grains, are prevalent in interstellar clouds. The data further suggest that not enough carbon is depleted from the gas-phase interstellar medium to account for the carbon-based grains often used to explain the measured optical and UV dust opacity. Silicon atoms are likely to be more populous in grain mantles than in silicate grain cores. RP Sofia, UJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,NATL RES COUNCIL,CODE 681,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4223-2 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 1996 VL 209 BP 561 EP 562 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG78T UT WOS:A1996BG78T00082 ER PT S AU Dorman, B OConnell, RW AF Dorman, B OConnell, RW BE Bender, R Davies, RL TI The ultraviolet spectra of old stellar populations SO NEW LIGHT ON GALAXY EVOLUTION SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 171st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on New Light on Galaxy Evolution CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Int Astron Union C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ASTRON,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP Dorman, B (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3975-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 171 BP 367 EP 367 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF34T UT WOS:A1996BF34T00078 ER PT S AU Rakos, KD Maindl, TI Schombert, JM AF Rakos, KD Maindl, TI Schombert, JM BE Bender, R Davies, RL TI Galaxies and photometric signature of starburst SO NEW LIGHT ON GALAXY EVOLUTION SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 171st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on New Light on Galaxy Evolution CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Int Astron Union C1 NASA HQ,WASHINGTON,DC 20546. RP Rakos, KD (reprint author), UNIV VIENNA,INST ASTRON,TURKENSCHANZSTR 17,A-1180 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-3975-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 171 BP 436 EP 436 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF34T UT WOS:A1996BF34T00146 ER PT B AU Edgington, W Drummond, M Bresina, J Henry, G Drascher, E AF Edgington, W Drummond, M Bresina, J Henry, G Drascher, E BE Boroson, T Davies, J Robson, I TI Improved scheduling of robotic telescopes SO NEW OBSERVING MODES FOR THE NEXT CENTURY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the New Observing Modes for the Next Century CY JUL 06-08, 1995 CL HILO, HI SP European So Observatory, Joint Astron Ctr, Gemini 8 Meter Telescopes Project, US Gemini Program, Univ Hawaii Hilo C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,RECOM TECHNOL,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-08-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 87 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF08V UT WOS:A1996BF08V00023 ER PT S AU Miller, LM Podosek, JA Kruglick, E Kenny, TW Kovacich, JA Kaiser, WJ AF Miller, LM Podosek, JA Kruglick, E Kenny, TW Kovacich, JA Kaiser, WJ GP IEEE TI A mu-magnetometer based on electron tunneling SO NINTH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, IEEE PROCEEDINGS: AN INVESTIGATION OF MICRO STRUCTURES, SENSORS, ACTUATORS, MACHINES AND SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 9th Annual International Workshop on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems - An Investigation of Micro Structures, Sensors, Actuators, Machines and Systems CY FEB 11-15, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Robotics & Automat Soc C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,CTR SPACE MICROELECTR TECHNOL,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1084-6999 BN 0-7803-2985-6 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 1996 BP 467 EP 472 DI 10.1109/MEMSYS.1996.494027 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF27K UT WOS:A1996BF27K00081 ER PT S AU Muller, L Hecht, MH Miller, LM Rockstad, HK Lyke, JC AF Muller, L Hecht, MH Miller, LM Rockstad, HK Lyke, JC GP IEEE TI Packaging and qualification of MEMS-based space systems SO NINTH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, IEEE PROCEEDINGS: AN INVESTIGATION OF MICRO STRUCTURES, SENSORS, ACTUATORS, MACHINES AND SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 9th Annual International Workshop on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems - An Investigation of Micro Structures, Sensors, Actuators, Machines and Systems CY FEB 11-15, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Robotics & Automat Soc C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,CTR SPACE MICROELECTR TECHNOL,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1084-6999 BN 0-7803-2985-6 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 1996 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1109/MEMSYS.1996.494033 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF27K UT WOS:A1996BF27K00087 ER PT B AU BarCohen, Y Lih, SS ElAzab, A Mal, AK AF BarCohen, Y Lih, SS ElAzab, A Mal, AK BE Bossi, R Moran, T TI Measurement of thickness and elastic properties of electroactive polymer films Using plate wave dispersion data SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR PROCESS CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation for Process Control in Manufacturing CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fed Aviat Adm, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE dispersion data; electroactive polymer films; Leaky Lamb waves; s-PMMA; polyethylene terephthalate AB In this paper, an ongoing investigation of plate wave dispersion measurement as a technique for indirect determination of the elastic properties and thickness of electroactive thin film polymers is described. Three polymer films were tested: a 1 mm thick s-PMMA Nm, and 80 mu m and 230 mu m thick polyethylene terephthalate films. The dispersion curves are measured, and a numerical algorithm is applied to recover the thickness and elastic constants of these films. Preliminary results show that the technique can be a viable gauging tool for electroactive thin film polymers. RP BarCohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2352-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2948 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1117/12.259187 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG84R UT WOS:A1996BG84R00011 ER PT B AU Davis, CK AF Davis, CK BE Rempt, RD Broz, AL TI Shearographic and thermographic non-destructive evaluation of the space shuttle structure and thermal protection (TPS) systems SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRPORTS, AND AEROSPACE HARDWARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Aircraft, Airports, and Aerospace Hardware CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, FAA, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE non-destructive inspection; orbiter; shearography; space shuttle; thermography AB Shearography and thermography have shown promising results on orbiter structure and external tank (ET) and solid rocket booster (SRB) thermal protection systems (TPS). The orbiter uses a variety of composite structure, the two most prevalent materials being aluminum and graphite-epoxy honeycomb. Both techniques have detected delaminations as small as 0.25 '' diameter in the orbiter payload bay doors (PLBD) graphite-epoxy honeycomb structure. Other applications include the robotic manipulator system (RMS) and the rudder speed brake (RSB) structure. The ET uses spray-on foam insulation (SOFI) as the TPS and the SRB forward section uses marshall sprayable ablative (MSA-2) as the TPS. Debonding SOFI damage to the Orbiter ''belly'' tile and exposes the ET to thermal loading. Voids in SOFI test panels as small as 0.375 inch were detected in 1.75 inch thick foam using a pressure reduction of not more than 10 inches of water or 0.3 pounds per square inch (psi). Preliminary results of the X33 metallic TPS are presented. Ultrasonic testing, approved for orbiter bond integrity testing, is time consuming and problematic. No current nondestructive inspection technique is approved for inspection of ET/SRB TPS or the orbiter RMS honeycomb at Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Only visual inspections are routinely performed on orbiter structure. The various successes of these two techniques make them good candidates for the aforementioned applications. RP Davis, CK (reprint author), NASA,KENNEDY SPACE CTR,FL 32899, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2349-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2945 BP 36 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.259121 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG82A UT WOS:A1996BG82A00005 ER PT B AU Burns, HD AF Burns, HD BE Rempt, RD Broz, AL TI Surface contamination analysis technology team overview SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRPORTS, AND AEROSPACE HARDWARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Aircraft, Airports, and Aerospace Hardware CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, FAA, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE contamination detection; surface inspection; in-process inspection, critical bonding; solvent replacement; cleanliness verification AB The Surface Contamination Analysis Technology (SCAT) team was originated as a working group of NASA civil service, Space Shuttle contractor, and university groups. Participating members of the SCAT Team have included personnel from NASA Marshall Space Flight Center's Materials and Processes Laboratory and Langley Research Center's Instrument Development Group;, contractors -Thiokol Corporation's Inspection Technology Group, AC Engineering support contractor, Aerojet, SAIC, and Lockheed Martin / Oak Ridge Y-12 support contractor and Shuttle External Tank prime contractor; and the University of Alabama in Huntsville's Center for Robotics and Automation. The goal of the SCAT team as originally defined was to develop and integrate a multi-purpose inspection head for robotic application to in-process inspection of contamination sensitive surfaces. One area of interest was replacement of ozone depleting solvents currently used for surface cleanliness verification. The team approach brought together the appropriate personnel to determine what surface inspection techniques were applicable to multi-program surface cleanliness inspection. Major substrates of interest were chosen to simulate space shuttle critical bonding surface or surfaces sensitive to contamination such as fuel system component surfaces. Inspection techniques evaluated include optically stimulated electron emission or photoelectron emission; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; near infrared fiber optic spectroscopy; and, ultraviolet fluorescence. Current plans are to demonstrate an integrated system in MSFC's Productivity Enhancement Complex within five years from initiation of this effort in 1992. Instrumentation specifications and designs developed under this effort include a portable diffuse reflectance FTIR system built by Surface Optics Corporation and a third generation optically stimulated electron emission system built by LaRC. This paper will discuss the evaluation of the various techniques on a number of substrate materials contaminated with hydrocarbons, silicones, and fluorocarbons. Discussion will also include standards development for instrument calibration and testing. RP Burns, HD (reprint author), NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EH12,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2349-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2945 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG82A UT WOS:A1996BG82A00007 ER PT B AU BarCohen, Y Backers, P Joffe, B AF BarCohen, Y Backers, P Joffe, B BE Rempt, RD Broz, AL TI Multifunction automated crawling system (MACS) SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRPORTS, AND AEROSPACE HARDWARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Aircraft, Airports, and Aerospace Hardware CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, FAA, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE NDE; scanning; robotic inspection; crawlers; aircraft inspection AB Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) instruments and sensors are becoming smaller with enhanced computer controlled capability and increasingly use commercially available hardware and software, Further, robotic instruments are being developed to serve as mobility platforms allowing automation of the inspection process. This combination of miniaturized sensing and robotics technology enables hybrid miniature technology solutions for identified aircraft inspection needs. Integration of inspection and robotics technologies is benefitted by the use of a standard computing platform. JPL investigated the application of TeleRobotic technology to inspection of aircraft structures using capabilities that were developed for use in space exploration. A miniature crawler that is can travel on the surface of aircraft using suction cups for adherence was developed and is called Multifunction Automated Crawling System (MACS). MACS is an operational tool that can perform rapid large area inspection of aircraft, which has a relatively large platform to carry miniature inspection instruments payload. The capability of MACS and the trend towards autonomous inspection crawlers will be reviewed and discussed in this paper. RP BarCohen, Y (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2349-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2945 BP 74 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.259079 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG82A UT WOS:A1996BG82A00009 ER PT B AU Winfree, WP AF Winfree, WP BE Rempt, RD Broz, AL TI New nondestructive techniques for inspection of aircraft structures SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRPORTS, AND AEROSPACE HARDWARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Aircraft, Airports, and Aerospace Hardware CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, FAA, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab AB An overview is presented of several techniques under development at NASA Langley Research Center for detection and quantification of flaws in aircraft structures. The techniques have been developed as part of the NASA Airframe Structural Integrity Program. The techniques focus on the detection of cracks, corrosion and disbonds in thin laminated structures. The techniques range from thermal procedures which give a rapid indication of the regions of concern to eddy current instrumentation for detecting small cracks and multilayer corrosion. Results are presented on specimens with both manufactured defects for calibration of the techniques and on specimens removed from aircraft. RP Winfree, WP (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV MAT,NONDESTRUCT EVALUAT SCI BRANCH,HAMPTON,VA 23665, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2349-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2945 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.259081 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG82A UT WOS:A1996BG82A00011 ER PT B AU Roth, DJ AF Roth, DJ BE Doctor, S Lebowitz, CA Baaklini, GY TI Eliminating the effect of plate thickness variation in ultrasonic images using a single transducer method SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Composites CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fed Aviat Adm, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE nondestructive evaluation; ultrasonic imaging; thickness variation; composites; ceramics; microstructure; porosity; density AB This article describes a single transducer ultrasonic imaging method based on ultrasonic velocity measurement that eliminates the effect of plate thickness variation in the image, i.e. the method is thickness-independent. The method, currently being commercialized under a cooperative agreement between NASA Lewis Research Center and Sonix, Inc., thus isolates ultrasonic variations due to material microstructure. Its use can result in significant cost savings because the ultrasonic image can be interpreted correctly without the need for precision thickness machining during nondestructive evaluation stages of material development. Images obtained using the thickness-independent methodology are compared with apparent velocity maps and c-scan echo peak amplitude images for monolithic ceramic (silicon nitride) and metal matrix composite materials having thickness and microstructural variations. It was found that the thickness-independent ultrasonic images reveal and quantify correctly areas of global microstructural (pore and fiber volume fraction) variation due to the elimination of thickness effects. RP Roth, DJ (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2348-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2944 BP 76 EP 86 DI 10.1117/12.259047 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BG84N UT WOS:A1996BG84N00009 ER PT B AU Prosser, WH AF Prosser, WH BE Doctor, S Lebowitz, CA Baaklini, GY TI Applications of advanced, waveform based AE techniques for testing composite materials SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials and Composites CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fed Aviat Adm, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE acoustic emission; composite materials; nondestructive evaluation; plate waves; attenuation; modal analysis AB Advanced, waveform based acoustic emission (AE) techniques have been previously used to evaluate damage progression in laboratory rests of composite coupons. In these tests, broad band, high fidelity acoustic sensors were used to detect signals which were then digitized and stored for analysis. Analysis techniques were based on plate mode wave propagation characteristics. This approach, more recently referred to as Modal AE, provides an enhanced capability to discriminate and eliminate noise signals from those generated by damage mechanisms. This technique also allows much more precise source location than conventional, threshold crossing arrival time determination techniques. To apply Modal AE concepts to the interpretation of AE on larger composite structures, the effects of wave propagation over larger distances and through structural complexities must be well characterized and understood In this research, measurements were made of the attenuation of the extensional and flexural plate mode components of broad band simulated AE signals in large composite panels. As these materials have applications in a cryogenic environment, the effects of cryogenic insulation on the attenuation of plate mode AE signals were also documented. RP Prosser, WH (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,MS 231,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2348-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2944 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1117/12.259053 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BG84N UT WOS:A1996BG84N00016 ER PT B AU Khaydarov, JDV Andrews, JH Kowalczyk, TC Singer, KD AF Khaydarov, JDV Andrews, JH Kowalczyk, TC Singer, KD BE Gupta, MC Kozlovsky, WJ MacPherson, DC TI Soliton - Like pulse compression in a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications CY JAN 29-31, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,OHIO AEROSP INST,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RI Singer, Kenneth/G-6553-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2074-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2700 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1117/12.239655 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF87D UT WOS:A1996BF87D00028 ER PT J AU Chang, ATC Cao, MS AF Chang, ATC Cao, MS TI Monitoring soil condition in the Northern Tibetan Plateau using SSM/I data SO NORDIC HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREEZE THAW BOUNDARIES; RADIOBRIGHTNESS AB A combination of a low 37 GHz brightness temperature and a negative 19 and 37 GHz spectral gradient can be an effective discriminant for frozen and thawed soil. SSM/I data for 1988 are used to study the freeze/thaw of soil in the Northern Tibetan Plateau, China. In this study, a previously derived freeze/thaw classification scheme was tested for this unique geographic location. It was found that the 37 GHz threshold needed to be refined for this region. It was also found that the 37 GHz emission is sensitive to the scattering centers embedded in the soil, which may account for the observed low brightness temperature. The selection of the 37 GHz brightness temperature threshold depends on the atmospheric and soil conditions inherent in a particular region. C1 ACAD SINICA,LANZHOU INST GLACIOL & GEOCRYOL,LANZHOU 730000,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Chang, ATC (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HYDROL SCI BRANCH,LAB HYDROSPHER PROC,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORDISK ASSN HYDROLOGY PI DK LYNGBY PA TECHNICAL UNIV DENMARK BUILDING 115, 2800 DK LYNGBY, DENMARK SN 0029-1277 J9 NORD HYDROL JI Nord. Hydrol. PY 1996 VL 27 IS 3 BP 175 EP 184 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA UV275 UT WOS:A1996UV27500003 ER PT B AU Ackerman, AS Toon, OB AF Ackerman, AS Toon, OB BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI Evaluation of the ''Twomey effect'' with numerical cloud models and comparisons with observations'' SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn DE indirect effect of aerosols on climate; cloud albedo susceptibility AB Assessments of the effects of increased aerosol concentrations on cloud albedo, and hence on the global radiative hear budget, are highly uncertain. Estimates and measurements of the sensitivity of cloud albedo to local changes in droplet concentrations indicate that the greatest absolute changes in albedo are found where concentrations of cloud droplets (and aerosols) are lowest. However, determination of effects of pollution sources on the albedo of clouds downwind requires an evaluation of changes in aerosol concentrations during transport from their source regions. Here we use results from a numerical model to calculate the sensitivity of cloud albedo to changes in aerosol concentrations from an upwind source of pollution. We find the greatest increases in cloud albedo to occur close to pollution sources, rather than well downwind in comparatively clean regions. RP Ackerman, AS (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 788 EP 791 DI 10.1016/B978-008042030-1/50190-6 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00190 ER PT B AU Jensen, EJ Toon, OB AF Jensen, EJ Toon, OB BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI The potential impact of soot particles from aircraft exhaust on cirrus clouds SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn AB Soot particles injected directly into the upper troposphere by jet aircraft may act as heterogeneous ice nuclei. If the soot particles are sufficiently effective ice nuclei, then they will allow ice nucleation at lower supersaturations than those required for homogeneous freezing of sulfate aerosols, resulting in an increase in the areal coverage of cirrus clouds. Simulations using a detailed ice cloud model indicate that cirrus driven by synoptic-scale lifting will be transient, precipitating clouds if only pure sulfate haze aerosols are present. However, if effective heterogeneous nuclei are present, then extensive, persistent, diffuse cirrus should form. In addition, heterogeneous ice nucleation on soot particles may modify the number of ice crystals nucleated in cirrus, resulting in alterations of the cloud evolution and radiative properties. Parcel model simulations indicate that heterogeneous freezing on relatively few soot particles (N-soot < 0.1 cm(-3)) should result in fewer ice crystals nucleating than if homogeneous freezing were to occur. However, if large numbers of soot particles are present, the ice crystal number density may be increased. RP Jensen, EJ (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 848 EP 851 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00207 ER PT B AU Pueschel, RF Ferry, GV Strawa, AW Allen, DA Howard, SD Hallett, J Arnott, WP Foster, TC AF Pueschel, RF Ferry, GV Strawa, AW Allen, DA Howard, SD Hallett, J Arnott, WP Foster, TC BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI Physical and optical/radiative characteristics of haze and cloud particles in tropical cirrus: Importance in radiation balance. SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn DE aerosols; clouds; climate AB With a multiinstrument approach we determined the particle size spectrum between 0.3 mu m and 1.6 mm diameter in the outflow portion of a convective tropical cloud In a first approximation. the combined aerosol/cloud particle size spectrum could be represented by two modes, a haze mode and a cloud panicle mode While the cloud particles carried most of the condensate mass, submicron haze and aerosol particles dominated the surface area. Consequently, the haze/aerosol particles more than double extinction and scattering across the whole (visible and infrared) spectrum, and intensify absorption in the IR. In general, the single-scatter albedo was enhanced and the cloud particle effective diameter reduced due to the presence of haze particles inside the cloud. Because of lower sedimentation velocities, tropospheric residence time of haze is longer than that of large cloud particles Thus. hale in cirrus produced by deep convection in the tropics may be critical in controlling processes whereby energy from warm tropical oceans is injected to different levels in the atmosphere to subsequently influence not only tropical, but also mid-latitude climate. RP Pueschel, RF (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94040, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 856 EP 859 DI 10.1016/B978-008042030-1/50209-2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00209 ER PT B AU Toon, OB AF Toon, OB BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI Comparisons between the formation of polar stratospheric clouds and cirrus clouds SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn DE ice nucleation; polar stratospheric clouds; cirrus clouds AB Analyses of lidar data taken during the 1989 AASE I program show that polar stratospheric clouds most often contain frozen particles, but sometimes contain spherical, presumably liquid, particles. In this paper the mechanisms that lead to the freezing of particles, and to the formation of liquid particles will be discussed based largely upon analyses of existing data. For example, trajectory studies help shed light on the conditions that lead to particle freezing. During April of 1996 an experiment using the NASA DC-8 and ER-2 aircraft will be conducted over the central U.S. Some of the goals of the project are to better understand the mechanisms of cirrus cloud formation, and to investigate the properties of freezing nuclei in the upper troposphere. Results from this field program will be presented as they apply to the topic of ice crystal nucleation. Comparisons will be drawn between the mechanisms that lead to new particle formation in the polar stratosphere, and the mechanisms that lend to new particles formation in the upper troposphere. RP Toon, OB (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,DIV LIFE SCI,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 884 EP 884 DI 10.1016/B978-008042030-1/50216-X PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00216 ER PT J AU Thakur, S Shyy, W Liou, MS AF Thakur, S Shyy, W Liou, MS TI Convection treatment and pressure splitting for sequential solution procedures .1. Theory and one-dimensional test cases SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article ID RIEMANN SOLVERS; TVD SCHEMES; DIFFERENCE AB Treatment of convective and pressure fluxes in the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations using splitting formulas for convective velocity and pressure, with a view to incorporate them in sequential pressure-based methods, is investigated. Two schemes-a controlled variation scheme (CVS) and an advection upstream splitting method (AUSM)-are explored for their accuracy in resolving sharp gradients. In Part I, basic concepts and the derivation of the CVS, along with its comparison to the AUSM scheme, are presented. To demonstrate the performance of the CVS and AUSM, flows involving moving or reflecting shock waves, as well as a one-dimensional combusting flow with a strong heat release source term, are investigated. C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,INTERNAL FLUID MECH DIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Thakur, S (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AEROSP ENGN MECH & ENGN SCI,231 AEROSPACE BLDG,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 1040-7790 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1080/10407799608914971 PG 27 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA TT162 UT WOS:A1996TT16200002 ER PT J AU Thakur, S Shyy, W Liou, MS AF Thakur, S Shyy, W Liou, MS TI Convection treatment and pressure splitting for sequential solution procedures .2. Pressure-based algorithm SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article AB In Part II of the present article, the controlled variation scheme (CVS) developed in Part I, and the advection upstream splitting method (AUSM) are implemented in a pressure-based algorithm, whose very basis is the separate treatment of convective and pressure fluxes For the convective fluxes in the momentum equations as well as the estimation of mass fluxes in the pressure correction equation (which is derived from tire momentum and continuity equations) of the present algorithm, both first- and second-order (with minmod limiter) flux estimations are employed. Some issues resulting from the conventional use in pressure-based methods of a staggered grid, for the location of velocity components and pressure, are also addressed. Using the second-order fluxes, both CVS- and AUSM-type schemes exhibit sharp resolution. Overall, the combination of upwinding and splitting for the convective and pressure fluxes separately exhibits robust performance for a variety of flows and is particularly amenable for adoption in pressure-based methods. C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,INTERNAL FLUID MECH DIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Thakur, S (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AEROSP ENGN MECH & ENGN SCI,231 AEROSP BLDG,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 1040-7790 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 29 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1080/10407799608914972 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA TT162 UT WOS:A1996TT16200003 ER PT B AU Ansari, RR Suh, KI AF Ansari, RR Suh, KI BE Parel, JM Joos, KM Rol, PO Katzir, A TI Three-dimensional scanning of eye (lens and vitreous) using a newly developed dynamic light scattering probe SO OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Ophthalmic Technologies Conference CY JAN 27-28, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2047-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2673 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1117/12.240065 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics GA BF76G UT WOS:A1996BF76G00003 ER PT B AU Ansari, RR Suh, KI AF Ansari, RR Suh, KI BE Asakura, T Farkas, DL Leif, RC Priezzhev, AV Tromberg, BJ TI In situ and in vivo diagnostics of biological fluids SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF LIVING CELLS AND BIOFLUIDS, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics of Living Cells and Biofluids CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Light Microscope Imaging & Biotechnol C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2052-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2678 BP 432 EP 441 DI 10.1117/12.239532 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Optics GA BG01Y UT WOS:A1996BG01Y00046 ER PT B AU Juday, RD Knopp, J AF Juday, RD Knopp, J BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI HOLOMED - An algorithm for computer generated holograms SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Optical Pattern Recognition VII Conference CY APR 09-10, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE computer generated hologram; head-up display C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,AUTOMAT ROBOT & SIMULAT DIV,HOUSTON,TX 77058. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2133-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2752 BP 162 EP 172 DI 10.1117/12.235646 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF31T UT WOS:A1996BF31T00018 ER PT B AU Chao, TH Yacoubian, A Lau, B AF Chao, TH Yacoubian, A Lau, B BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Portable optical wavelet processor SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Optical Pattern Recognition VII Conference CY APR 09-10, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE wavelet transform; automatic target recognition; optical processing; license plate detection; optical system packaging C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2133-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2752 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1117/12.235658 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF31T UT WOS:A1996BF31T00028 ER PT B AU Larar, AM AF Larar, AM BE Hays, PB Wang, JX TI Tropospheric ozone sensing fabry-perot interferometer .1. Space-based feasibility assessment SO OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE RESEARCH II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Spectroscopic Techniques and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research II CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE tropospheric O-3; global monitoring; nadir sounding; Fabry-Perot interferometry; high-resolution AB Space-based observation of tropospheric pollution has been identified as a high-priority atmospheric science measurement to be included in Earth science missions of the 21st century. Levels of tropospheric O-3 have been increasing and will continue to increase as concentrations of the precursor gases (oxides of nitrogen, methane and other hydrocarbons) necessary for the photochemical formation of tropospheric O-3 continue to rise. A global tropospheric O-3 monitoring capability is critical to enhance scientific understanding as well as to potentially lessen the ill-health impacts associated with exposure to elevated concentrations in the lower atmosphere. A measurement technique to enable such a measurement capability utilizing Fabry-Perot interferometry will be presented. It involves a double-etalon series configuration FPI along with an ultra-narrow bandpass filter to achieve single-order operation with an overall spectral resolution of approximately .068 cm(-1), sampling a narrow spectral region within the strong 9.6 mu m ozone infrared band from a nadir-viewing satellite configuration. The Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) provides high spectral resolution and high throughput capabilities that are essential for this measurement task. Through proper selection of channel spectral regions, the FPI optimized for tropospheric O-3 measurements can simultaneously observe a stratospheric component and thus the total O-3 column abundance. A retrieval technique employing the maximum likelihood method has been implemented and will be demonstrated for a tropical atmosphere possessing enhanced tropospheric ozone amounts. An error analysis assessing the impact on retrieved O-3 amounts from the most significant uncertainties associated with this particular measurement has been performed for several different types of atmospheres. Emphasis will be placed on a tropical atmosphere, for which sounding data have been used in the a priori information covariance matrix estimation process. An error budget has been formulated by estimating the impact on overall measurement uncertainty of the potential random and systematic component error sources. Results show the proposed instrumentation to enable a good measurement of absolute ozone amounts and an even better determination of relative changes. RP Larar, AM (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,MS 401A,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2218-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2830 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.256108 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG67P UT WOS:A1996BG67P00012 ER PT B AU Larar, AM Sandford, SP Luck, WS Cook, WB Reeves, JM Hays, PB Puschell, JJ Ceckowski, H AF Larar, AM Sandford, SP Luck, WS Cook, WB Reeves, JM Hays, PB Puschell, JJ Ceckowski, H BE Hays, PB Wang, JX TI Tropospheric ozone sensing Fabry-Perot interferometer .2. Recent laboratory advancements SO OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE RESEARCH II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Spectroscopic Techniques and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research II CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE tropospheric ozone; global monitoring; laboratory prototype; Fabry-Perot interferometry; high-resolution spectroscopy; optical control AB Space-based observation of tropospheric pollution has been identified as an important measurement to be included in Earth science missions of the 21st century. This presentation will summarize on-going efforts focused on enabling such a new capability, a high-priority atmospheric science mission for the measurement of tropospheric ozone from a space-based platform, through the implementation of Fabry-Perot interferometry. The measurement technique involves a double-etalon series configuration FPI along with an ultra-narrow bandpass filter to achieve single-order operation with an overall spectral resolution of approximately .068 cm(-1), sampling a narrow spectral region within the strong 9.6 mu m ozone infrared band from a nadir-viewing satellite configuration. Current research efforts are focusing on technology development and demonstration activities to address technology drivers associated with this measurement concept. To this end we have developed a small-scale, modular, double-etalon prototype FPI for laboratory characterization and testing, modelled the instrument optical configuration, and performed R&D associated with an etalon optical control scheme. This presentation will cover advancements pertaining to all aspects of this effort, however, emphasis will be placed on integration and testing activities associated with the laboratory prototype FPI. This will include multichannel operation considerations pertaining to different configurations for spectral tuning. In addition, implications associated with extrapolation toward a full-scale flight instrument design will also be addressed. RP Larar, AM (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,MS 401A,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2218-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2830 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1117/12.256109 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG67P UT WOS:A1996BG67P00013 ER PT B AU Hochberg, EB Chrien, NL AF Hochberg, EB Chrien, NL BE Hays, PB Wang, JX TI Lloyd's mirror for MTF testing of MISR CCD SO OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE RESEARCH II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Spectroscopic Techniques and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research II CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE MTF; CCD imaging performance; Lloyds mirror interferometer AB Direct measurement of CCD MTF using a unique Lloyd's mirror fringe projector is described. MTF measurements on the MISR linear CCD arrays have been performed as a function of spatial frequency, wavelength, number of charge transfers, radiation dosage, and device architecture. Test results are reported here. RP Hochberg, EB (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2218-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2830 BP 274 EP 285 DI 10.1117/12.256121 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG67P UT WOS:A1996BG67P00027 ER PT B AU Hochberg, EB White, ML Korechoff, RP Sepulveda, CA AF Hochberg, EB White, ML Korechoff, RP Sepulveda, CA BE Hays, PB Wang, JX TI Optical testing of MISR lenses & cameras SO OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE RESEARCH II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Spectroscopic Techniques and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research II CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE lens testing; MTF; nodal point; distortion AB A unique, highly automated thermal-vacuum facility for optical testing of lenses and cameras is described. In particular, measurements of MTF, boresight, and geometric image distortion over a large parameter space including wavelength, field of view and temperature will be discussed. Unique aspects of the facility include a ''virtual nodal bench'' opto-mechanical metrology system and fiber-optic illumination of mechanical reference features. RP Hochberg, EB (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2218-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2830 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1117/12.256122 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG67P UT WOS:A1996BG67P00028 ER PT B AU Hansen, P Hughes, D Triolo, J Rosecrans, G Sanders, J Smith, K Chivatero, C Dell, L AF Hansen, P Hughes, D Triolo, J Rosecrans, G Sanders, J Smith, K Chivatero, C Dell, L BE Glassford, APM Breault, RP Pompea, SM TI Hubble space telescope second servicing mission contamination control program SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION V AND STRAY LIGHT AND SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination V and Stray Light and System Optimization CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Hubble Space Telescope; servicing mission; contamination AB The Hubble Space Telescope was designed to be periodically serviced on-orbit during its 15 year mission. Servicing carriers have been designed for these servicing missions and were previously flown during the Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1, Space Transportation System 61, December 1993. In preparation for the Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 2, the Hubble Space Telescope contamination control philosophy was reviewed to determine its applicability to reflown hardware. The contamination control program currently in place for the Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 2, evolved from the Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission I contamination control program[1]. The challenge of the Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 2 contamination control program was to maintain the integrity and outgassing certification of the reflown hardware while accommodating configuration changes to the hardware. Environmental control of the hardware, materials screening and outgassing certification of added hardware were the important features of the program. RP Hansen, P (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2252-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2864 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1117/12.258326 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG72M UT WOS:A1996BG72M00003 ER PT B AU Hansen, PA Albyn, K Nguyen, CC Borson, E AF Hansen, PA Albyn, K Nguyen, CC Borson, E BE Glassford, APM Breault, RP Pompea, SM TI Orbiter contamination controls during maintenance down period - An approach for sensitive payloads SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION V AND STRAY LIGHT AND SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination V and Stray Light and System Optimization CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Orbiter Maintenance Down Period; discovery; orbiter; contamination; nonvolatile residue AB The Orbiters undergo periodic maintenance during which extensive mechanical and electrical system inspection, upgrades and/or refurbishment are performed For sensitive payloads, new materials added to the Orbiter midbody (payload bay) area is of concern for the first flight after an Orbiter Maintenance Down Period (OMDP). Discovery, (OV-103), recently underwent an OMDP, and the Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 2 will be its first flight after OMDP. Due to the contamination sensitivity of the Hubble Space Telescope, a program was implemented to monitor the nonvolatile residue and particle levels of the midbody during the OMDP. RP Hansen, PA (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2252-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2864 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1117/12.258337 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG72M UT WOS:A1996BG72M00004 ER PT B AU Thomson, S Hansen, P Chen, P Triolo, J Carosso, N AF Thomson, S Hansen, P Chen, P Triolo, J Carosso, N BE Glassford, APM Breault, RP Pompea, SM TI The incorporation of molecular adsorbers into future hubble space telescope instruments SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION V AND STRAY LIGHT AND SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination V and Stray Light and System Optimization CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE HST; contamination; outgassing; vacuum bakeout; molecular adsorbers AB The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has been designed to accommodate changeout and/or repair of many of the primary instruments and subsystem components, in an effort to prolong the useful life of this orbiting observatory. In order to achieve the science goals established for this observatory, many HST instruments must operate in regimes that are greatly influenced by the presence of on-orbit propagated contaminants. To insure that the required performance of each instrument is not compromised due to these contaminant effects, great efforts have been made to minimize the level of on-orbit contamination. These efforts include careful material selection, performing extensive pre-flight vacuum bakeouts of parts and assemblies, assuring instrument assembly is carried out in strict cleanroom environments, performing precision cleaning of various parts, and most recently, the incorporation of a relatively new technology - Molecular Adsorbers, into the basic design of future replacement instruments. Molecular adsorbers were included as part of the Wide Field/Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC-2) instrument, which was integrated into the HST during the Servicing Mission 1 (SM1) in 1993. It is generally recognized that these adsorbers aided in the reduction of on-orbit contamination levels for the WFPC-2 instrument. This technology is now being implemented as part of the basic design for several new instruments being readied for the Servicing Mission 2 (SM2), scheduled for early 1997. An overview of the concept, design, applications, and to-date testing and predicted benefits associated with the molecular adsorbers within these new HST instruments will be presented and discussed in this paper. RP Thomson, S (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2252-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2864 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1117/12.258339 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG72M UT WOS:A1996BG72M00005 ER PT B AU Scialdone, JJ AF Scialdone, JJ BE Glassford, APM Breault, RP Pompea, SM TI Some sources of contaminants in the shuttle bay measured with temperature-controlled quartz crystal microbalances SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION V AND STRAY LIGHT AND SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination V and Stray Light and System Optimization CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Temperature-Controlled Quartz Crystal microbalances (TQCM); contamination; outgassing; shuttle bay AB The sources of molecular deposits on a Temperature-Controlled Quartz Crystal Microbalance (TQCM) attached to the shuttle bay wall at some distance from the payload and pointing out of the bay have been investigated. Explored as possible sources are: (1) the outgassing of the shuttle tiles treated with the water proofing di-methyl-ethoxy-silane (DMES) compound, scattered back by the ambient molecules into the bay; (2) The ambient scattered return flux of the outgassing from the RTV 560 silicone which is used as the adhesive for the tiles; (3) the ambient scattered return flux of the payload outgassing; (4) the return flux from outgassing source originating near, below, or adjacent to the package containing the TQCM; and (5) the self-scattering of venting plumes and outgassing above the monitor package depositing on the TQCM. In all of these sources, the magnitudes of the outgassing, of the leakage rates, and venting had to be estimated in the absence of data. The resulting analyses which can be useful for similar investigations, indicates that the outgassing from the tiles, the RTV, the payloads, or the shuttle may not have been the sources of the deposit (about 1 mu g/cm(2) during the period from bay door opening and payload release from the bay). It appears more probable that the origin is the self- and/or ambient-scattered return fluxes originating near, below, or internal to the monitor package. RP Scialdone, JJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,MAT BRANCH,CODE 313,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2252-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2864 BP 208 EP 216 DI 10.1117/12.258312 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG72M UT WOS:A1996BG72M00020 ER PT B AU Tveekrem, JL Leviton, DB Fleetwood, CM Feinberg, LD AF Tveekrem, JL Leviton, DB Fleetwood, CM Feinberg, LD BE Glassford, APM Breault, RP Pompea, SM TI Contamination-induced degradation of optics exposed to the Hubble Space Telescope interior SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION V AND STRAY LIGHT AND SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination V and Stray Light and System Optimization CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optics; contamination; degradation; reflectance; ultraviolet; photopolymerization; albedo; HST AB After the first Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing mission, the WFPC-1 and HSP instruments were returned to earth. Three optical surfaces from these instruments were analyzed in detail. They were the WFPC-1 pickoff mirror, the WFPC-1 aperture window, and the HSP filter assembly, all of which faced the central hub area of the HST. Hub-facing optics were of particular interest because any degradation in their performance might indicate a changed environment within the telescope itself. The pickoff mirror reflectance and aperture window transmittance were both found to be severely degraded in the far UV. The cause of the reflectance loss was contamination; the pickoff mirror was covered with a contaminant film about 450 Angstrom, thick, and the aperture window and HSP filters each had about 150 Angstrom. The contamination contained multiple chemical species, some of which had been photopolymerized by exposure to earth-albedo UV. A W-stimulated deposition and polymerization mechanism was posited. This contamination process is not expected to happen, however, for current and future instruments in HST. The HST components outgassed for 3.5 years before the first servicing mission, so the contaminants are no longer present in any appreciable quantity. Steps are being taken to ensure that any new equipment installed in the HST will not outgas. Over 2.5 years of operation, neither the WFPC-2 instrument nor the corrective optics module (COSTAR) has shown performance degradation in the UV. There is also no evidence that the primary or the secondary mirror of the HST has changed. RP Tveekrem, JL (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2252-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2864 BP 246 EP 257 DI 10.1117/12.258316 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG72M UT WOS:A1996BG72M00024 ER PT B AU Waluschka, E Qiu, SY Godden, GD AF Waluschka, E Qiu, SY Godden, GD BE Glassford, APM Breault, RP Pompea, SM TI MODIS stray light simulation SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION V AND STRAY LIGHT AND SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination V and Stray Light and System Optimization CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) will be one of the primary instruments observing the earth on the Earth Observing System (EOS) scheduled for launch at the end of this decade. It's 36 spectral bands ranging from 0.4 to 14.4 microns will image the entire earth. The radiometric requirements are such that the contributions to the optical point spread function from optical ghosts, scattered light and cross-talk in the very small spectral. filters, located near the focal planes, must be characterized very well and kept to a minimum. This paper will describe a series of Monte Carlo simulations of the propagation of light through the optics in order to determine the extent of the ghosting and scattered light. These results are also compared with experimental data. RP Waluschka, E (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2252-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2864 BP 350 EP 360 DI 10.1117/12.258327 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG72M UT WOS:A1996BG72M00034 ER PT B AU Kleinsasser, AW Delin, KA AF Kleinsasser, AW Delin, KA BE Bozovic, I Pavuna, D TI Proximity-coupled high T-c Josephson junctions: Do they exist? SO OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTOR PHYSICS AND NANO-ENGINEERING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Oxide Superconductor Physics and Nano-Engineering II CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, USN, Off Naval Res, Varian Assoc Inc, Adv Res Projects Agcy C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,CTR SPACE MICROELECT TECHNOL,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2071-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2697 BP 452 EP 457 DI 10.1117/12.250253 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BG12A UT WOS:A1996BG12A00047 ER PT B AU Ma, KL AF Ma, KL BE Ecer, A Periaux, J Satofuka, N Taylor, S TI Runtime volume visualization for parallel CFD SO PARALLEL COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS: IMPLEMENTATIONS AND RESULTS USING PARALLEL COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Parallel CFD 1995 Conference - Implementations and Results Using Parallel Computers CY JUN 26-29, 1995 CL PASADENA, CA SP CRAY, IBM, Intel, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Silicon Graph C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,INST COMP APPLICAT SCI & ENGN,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-82322-0 PY 1996 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1016/B978-044482322-9/50092-X PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Chemical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG02Z UT WOS:A1996BG02Z00038 ER PT B AU Biswas, R Dagum, L AF Biswas, R Dagum, L BE Ecer, A Periaux, J Satofuka, N Taylor, S TI Parallel implementation of an adaptive scheme for 3D unstructured grids on a shared-memory multiprocessor SO PARALLEL COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS: IMPLEMENTATIONS AND RESULTS USING PARALLEL COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Parallel CFD 1995 Conference - Implementations and Results Using Parallel Computers CY JUN 26-29, 1995 CL PASADENA, CA SP CRAY, IBM, Intel, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Silicon Graph C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,ADV COMP SCI RES INST,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-82322-0 PY 1996 BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.1016/B978-044482322-9/50114-6 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Chemical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG02Z UT WOS:A1996BG02Z00060 ER PT B AU Khandelwal, SC Cole, G Chung, JK AF Khandelwal, SC Cole, G Chung, JK BE Ecer, A Periaux, J Satofuka, N Taylor, S TI Parallel computation of unsteady supersonic-inlet flows SO PARALLEL COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS: IMPLEMENTATIONS AND RESULTS USING PARALLEL COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Parallel CFD 1995 Conference - Implementations and Results Using Parallel Computers CY JUN 26-29, 1995 CL PASADENA, CA SP CRAY, IBM, Intel, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Silicon Graph C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR GRP,NYMA INC,BROOKPARK,OH 44142. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-82322-0 PY 1996 BP 681 EP 693 DI 10.1016/B978-044482322-9/50138-9 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Chemical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG02Z UT WOS:A1996BG02Z00084 ER PT J AU Beutter, BR Lorenceau, J Stone, LS AF Beutter, B. R. Lorenceau, J. Stone, L. S. TI Visual coherence affects smooth pursuit SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beutter, B. R.; Lorenceau, J.; Stone, L. S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM lee@vision.arc.nasa.gov RI Lorenceau, Jean/F-5274-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 1996 VL 25 SU S BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA V17AO UT WOS:000207910300016 ER PT J AU Stone, LS Lorenceau, J Beutter, BR AF Stone, L. S. Lorenceau, J. Beutter, B. R. TI Smooth pursuit of a partially occluded object SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stone, L. S.; Lorenceau, J.; Beutter, B. R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM lee@vision.arc.nasa.gov RI Lorenceau, Jean/F-5274-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 1996 VL 25 SU S BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA V17AO UT WOS:000207910300015 ER PT J AU Ahumada, AJ AF Ahumada, A. J., Jr. TI Perceptual classification images from Vernier acuity masked by noise SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ahumada, A. J., Jr.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM al@vision.arc.nasa.gov NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 1996 VL 25 SU S BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA V17AO UT WOS:000207910300051 ER PT J AU Mulligan, JB AF Mulligan, J. B. TI Speed judgments of transparent stimuli SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mulligan, J. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 1996 VL 25 SU S BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA V17AO UT WOS:000207910300097 ER PT J AU Beard, BL Ahumada, AJ AF Beard, B. L. Ahumada, A. J., Jr. TI Tuning function changes after practice on a parafoveal Vernier acuity task SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beard, B. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Optometry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ahumada, A. J., Jr.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM tina@adage.berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 1996 VL 25 SU S BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA V17AO UT WOS:000207910300105 ER PT J AU Stoper, AE Randle, J Cohen, MM AF Stoper, A. E. Randle, J. Cohen, M. M. TI The effect of environmental pitch on perceived optic slant and eye level: lines vs dots SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stoper, A. E.; Randle, J.] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Psychol, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. [Cohen, M. M.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94943 USA. EM astoper@csuhayward.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 1996 VL 25 SU S BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA V17AO UT WOS:000207910300189 ER PT J AU Post, RB Welch, RB AF Post, RB Welch, RB TI Is there dissociation of perceptual and motor responses to figural illusions? SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Article ID POSITION AB Open-loop reaching for locations within figural illusions was measured in three experiments. The experiments differed with respect to whether subjects were provided a visible target toward which to direct their reaching or were required to form a mental representation of the intended target. In the first experiment, subjects' reaching errors for vertices of a Muller-Lyer figure were similar to those for a nonillusory control stimulus. In experiment 2, subjects' errors while reaching to the imaginary bisector of the Judd illusion were consistent with the presence of an illusion of bisector location. However, when a bisector line was added to the Judd figure, reaching errors were similar to those obtained with a control figure. In experiment 3, subjects' open-loop reaching at the perceived midpoint of a triangle was biased toward its illusory perceptual midpoint. When a mark was placed at the midpoint between a vertex and the opposite side, reaching errors were similar to those obtained with a control figure. The results of the experiments indicate that hand-eye coordination is biased in the direction of illusions of bisector location only when no target is present at the intended goal of the reaching response and subjects are required instead to form a mental image of the target. Under these conditions, reaching responses appear to utilize the spatial map of the visual system, and are influenced by figural illusions of bisector location. The present data can be understood without invoking the notion of visual- motor dissociation. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MT VIEW,CA 94035. RP Post, RB (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PSYCHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 14 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON, ENGLAND NW2 5JN SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 1996 VL 25 IS 5 BP 569 EP 581 DI 10.1068/p250569 PG 13 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA VC731 UT WOS:A1996VC73100006 PM 8865298 ER PT J AU Post, RB Welch, RB AF Post, RB Welch, RB TI The role of retinal versus perceived size in the effects of pitched displays on visually perceived eye level SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR VECTION; PERCEPTION; ELEVATION; ORIENTATION; FIELD; ROD AB Visually perceived eye level (VPEL) was measured while subjects viewed two vertical lines which were either upright or pitched about the horizontal axis. In separate conditions, the display consisted of a relatively large pair of lines viewed at a distance of 1 m, or a display scaled to one third the dimensions and viewed at a distance of either 1 m or 33.3 cm. The small display viewed at 33.3 cm produced a retinal image the same size as that of the large display at 1 m. Pitch of all three displays top-toward and top-away from the observer caused upward and downward VPEL shifts, respectively. These effects were highly similar for the large display and the small display viewed at 33.3 cm tie equal retinal size), but were significantly smaller for the small display viewed at 1 m. In a second experiment, perceived size of the three displays was measured and found to be highly accurate. The results of the two experiments indicate that the effect of optical pitch on VPEL depends on the retinal image size of stimuli rather than on perceived size. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOUNTAIN VIEW,CA 94035. RP Post, RB (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PSYCHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON, ENGLAND NW2 5JN SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 1996 VL 25 IS 7 BP 853 EP 859 DI 10.1068/p250853 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA VR138 UT WOS:A1996VR13800008 PM 8923553 ER PT J AU Welch, RB Cohen, MM DeRoshia, CW AF Welch, RB Cohen, MM DeRoshia, CW TI Reduction of the elevator illusion from continued hypergravity exposure and visual error-corrective feedback SO PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Ten subjects served as their own controls in two conditions of continuous, centrifugally produced hypergravity (+2 Gz) and a 1-G control condition. Before and after exposure, open-loop measures were obtained of (1) motor control, (2) visual localization, and (3) hand-eye coordination. During exposure in the visual feedback/hypergravity condition, subjects received terminal visual error-corrective feedback from their target pointing, and in the no-visual feedback/hypergravity condition they pointed open loop. As expected, the motor control measures for both experimental conditions revealed very short Lived underreaching (the muscle-loading effect) at the outset of hypergravity and an equally transient negative aftereffect on returning to 1 G. The substantial (approximately 17 degrees) initial elevator illusion experienced in both hypergravity conditions declined over the course of the exposure period, whether or not visual feedback was provided. This effect was tentatively attributed to habituation of the otoliths. Visual feedback produced a smaller additional decrement and a postexposure negative aftereffect, possible evidence for visual recalibration. Surprisingly, the target-pointing error made during hypergravity in the no-visual-feedback condition was substantially less than that predicted by subjects' elevator illusion. This finding calls into question the neural outflow model as a complete explanation of this illusion. RP Welch, RB (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MAIL CODE 239-11,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 SN 0031-5117 J9 PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS JI Percept. Psychophys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 58 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.3758/BF03205471 PG 9 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA TR526 UT WOS:A1996TR52600003 PM 8668516 ER PT J AU Ruthruff, E AF Ruthruff, E TI A test of the deadline model for speed-accuracy tradeoffs SO PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REACTION-TIME; PSYCHOPHYSICAL DISCRIMINATION; RANDOM-WALK; ACCUMULATOR AB Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the deadline model for speed-accuracy tradeoffs. According to the deadline model, participants in speeded-response tasks terminate stimulus discrimination as soon as it has run to completion or as soon as a predetermined time deadline has arrived, whichever comes first. Speed is traded for accuracy by varying the time deadlines; short deadlines yield fast but sometimes inaccurate responses, whereas long deadlines allow for slow, accurate responses. A new prediction of this model, based on a comparison of reaction time distributions, was derived and tested in experiments involving the joint manipulation of speed stress and stimulus discriminability. Clear violations of this prediction were observed when participants made relative brightness judgments (Experiment 1) and when they made lexical decisions (Experiment 2), rejecting both the deadline model and the fast-guess model. Several alternative models for speed-accuracy tradeoffs, including random-walk and accumulator models, are compatible with the results. RP Ruthruff, E (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MS 262-2,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [2T32-MH14268, 1F31-MH10922]; PHPPO CDC HHS [PHS-40733] NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 SN 0031-5117 J9 PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS JI Percept. Psychophys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 58 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.3758/BF03205475 PG 9 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA TR526 UT WOS:A1996TR52600007 PM 8668520 ER PT S AU Vorperian, V AF Vorperian, V GP IEEE TI The charge-controlled PWM switch SO PESC 96 RECORD - 27TH ANNUAL IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC 96) CY JUN 23-27, 1996 CL BAVENO, ITALY SP IEEE, Power Electr Soc, Univ Studi Milano C1 CALTECH,JET PROPULS LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0275-9306 BN 0-7803-3501-5 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 1996 BP 533 EP 542 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG23L UT WOS:A1996BG23L00082 ER PT B AU Maleki, L Yao, S AF Maleki, L Yao, S BE Hendrickson, BM TI A new class of opto-electronic oscillators (OEO) for microwave signal generation and processing SO PHOTONICS AND RADIO FREQUENCY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics and Radio Frequency CY AUG 07-08, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB A new class of oscillators based on photonic devices is presented. These opto-electronic oscillators (OEO's) generate microwave oscillation by converting continuous energy from a light source using a feedback circuit which includes a delay element, an electro-optic switch, and a photodetector. Different configurations of OEO's are presented, each of which may be applied to a particular application requiring ultra-high performance, or low cost and small size. RP Maleki, L (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,FREQUENCY STAND LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2232-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2844 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.259008 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BG93S UT WOS:A1996BG93S00002 ER PT B AU Wilson, JW Cucinotta, FA Shinn, JL Simonsen, LC Badavi, FF AF Wilson, JW Cucinotta, FA Shinn, JL Simonsen, LC Badavi, FF BE Taylor, EW TI Overview of HZETRN and BRNTRN space radiation shielding codes SO PHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Photonics for Space Environments CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NARSIA, ASPRS DE cosmic rays; ionizing radiation; shielding C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2199-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2811 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.254055 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG61G UT WOS:A1996BG61G00007 ER PT B AU Jackson, GL LaBel, KA Flanegan, M Dale, C Marshall, PW Bonebright, RK Kim, JH Chan, EY Bocek, TM White, C AF Jackson, GL LaBel, KA Flanegan, M Dale, C Marshall, PW Bonebright, RK Kim, JH Chan, EY Bocek, TM White, C BE Taylor, EW TI The microelectronics and photonics test bed Dual Rate 1773 Fiber Optics Data Bus experiment SO PHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Photonics for Space Environments CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NARSIA, ASPRS DE fiber optics; Data Bus; DR1773; Dual Rate; MPTB; AS1773 C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2199-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2811 BP 116 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.254031 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG61G UT WOS:A1996BG61G00014 ER PT B AU LaBel, KA Flanegan, M Jackson, G Hawkins, D Dale, CJ Marshall, PW Johnson, D Seidleck, C Bonebright, RK Kim, JH Chan, EY Bocek, TM Bartholet, B AF LaBel, KA Flanegan, M Jackson, G Hawkins, D Dale, CJ Marshall, PW Johnson, D Seidleck, C Bonebright, RK Kim, JH Chan, EY Bocek, TM Bartholet, B BE Taylor, EW TI Preliminary ground test radiation results of NASA's MPTB dual-rate 1773 experiment SO PHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Photonics for Space Environments CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NARSIA, ASPRS C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2199-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2811 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1117/12.254032 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG61G UT WOS:A1996BG61G00015 ER PT J AU Fossum, ER AF Fossum, ER TI Novel sensor enables low power, miniaturized imagers SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Article RP Fossum, ER (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 30 IS 1 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA TR518 UT WOS:A1996TR51800056 ER PT J AU Leckrone, DS Johansson, S Wahlgren, GM Proffitt, CR Brage, T AF Leckrone, DS Johansson, S Wahlgren, GM Proffitt, CR Brage, T TI Stellar chemical abundances with the GHRS SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas CY AUG 28-31, 1995 CL MEUDON, FRANCE ID CHI-LUPI; STAR; HG AB The accurate quantitative analysis of high resolution ultraviolet spectra of ultra-sharp-lined early-type, chemically peculiar stars, obtained with the Goddard High Resolution spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, has been made possible by the synergism between state-of-the-art astro-physics and state-of-the-art atomic spectroscopy. We illustrate this with several examples, including the discovery of spin-forbidden ''parasite'' transitions of Fe II, the first observations of hyperfine components and isotopic shifts of stellar lines of thallium, and measurements of the photospheric abundances of a large number of normally trace elements. C1 LUND UNIV, DEPT PHYS, S-22362 LUND, SWEDEN. LUND UNIV, LUND OBSERV, LUND, SWEDEN. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, COMP SCI CORP, ASTRON PROGRAM, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RP Leckrone, DS (reprint author), NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB, CODE 681, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. OI Brage, Tomas/0000-0003-3985-767X NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1996 VL T65 BP 110 EP 114 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1996/T65/015 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA VM500 UT WOS:A1996VM50000016 ER PT J AU Sonneborn, G AF Sonneborn, G TI Recent developments in far ultraviolet spectroscopy from space SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas CY AUG 28-31, 1995 CL MEUDON, FRANCE ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SPECTRAL ATLAS; ORFEUS OBSERVATIONS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; CORONAL GAS; MAGELLANIC-CLOUDS; TELESCOPE; DEUTERIUM; STARS; PERFORMANCE AB The far ultraviolet spectral window (910-1200 Angstrom) has long been recognized for its unique importance for studying many astrophysical problems. For the first time since the Copernicus mission in the 1970s new flight instruments are producing significant advances in this wavelength domain. This paper reviews plans for the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer to be launched in 1998 for a three-year mission. Some highlights from the recent flights of the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope, the Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph, and Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph are also summarized. The paper includes several lists of far ultraviolet transitions where accurate atomic data are essential for some important scientific problems with FUSE and other missions. RP Sonneborn, G (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1996 VL T65 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1996/T65/017 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA VM500 UT WOS:A1996VM50000018 ER PT J AU Lanz, T Hubeny, I deKoter, A AF Lanz, T Hubeny, I deKoter, A TI Atomic data for non-LTE model stellar atmospheres SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas CY AUG 28-31, 1995 CL MEUDON, FRANCE ID APPROXIMATE LAMBDA OPERATORS; HOT STARS; ITERATION METHOD; CONTINUUM; OPACITIES; PROGRAM AB We briefly review the state-of-the-art in non-LTE modeling of hot star atmospheres. During the last decade, the development. of a new class of radiation transfer methods, based an the Accelerated Lambda Iteration method have brought considerable progress in this field. Severe limitations of the size of model atoms used in non-LTE model atmospheres have been removed, so that realistic model atoms can now be considered. In recent years, the problem of non-LTE line blanketing, which aims to include the influence of thousands to millions of lines on the atmospheric structure, has been attacked, and first non-LTE line-blanketed models have been calculated. We illustrate the importance of non-LTE line blanketing with the example of a hot subdwarf, BD + 75 degrees 325. As a consequence of these developments, there is a need for extensive radiative and collisional atomic databases to build non-LTE models. Recent projects, like the Opacity Project, provide a substantial quantity of the necessary data. We discuss the current needs of atomic data for the purpose of building reliable non-LTE line-blanketed model atmospheres. A critical evaluation of the quality of such extensive sets of atomic data is essential. Finally, we present a new, IDL-based, graphic tool intended to facilitate the manipulation of large amounts of data needed to build the realistic model atoms that we use. RP Lanz, T (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,CODE 681,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1996 VL T65 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1996/T65/020 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA VM500 UT WOS:A1996VM50000021 ER PT S AU YANG, TC MEI, M GEORGE, KA CRAISE, LM AF YANG, TC MEI, M GEORGE, KA CRAISE, LM BE Kraft, G Carr, KE Goodwin, EH Ting, KC Finn, CK Tsai, KC Volk, T Henninger, DL Mitchell, CA MacElroy, RD Stabekis, P TI DNA-DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN ONCOGENIC TRANSFORMATION BY HEAVY-ION RADIATION SO PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F2.2, F2.3, F2.5, F4.3, F4.4, F4.9, F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res ID FISSION-SPECTRUM NEUTRONS; LINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; C3H 10T1/2 CELLS; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; CHARGED-PARTICLES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DOSE-RATE; FIBROBLASTS AB Energetic heavy ions are present in galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events. One of the most important late effects in risk assessment is carcinogenesis, We have studied the carcinogenic effects of heavy ions at the cellular and molecular levels and have obtained quantitative data on dose-response curves and on the repair of oncogenic lesions for heavy particles with various charges and energies. Studies with repair inhibitors and restriction endonucleases indicated that for oncogenic transformation DNA is the primary target. Results from heavy ion experiments showed that the cross section increased with LET and reached a maximum value of about 0.02 mu m(2) at about 500 keV/mu m. This limited size of cross section suggests that only a fraction of cellular genomic DNA is important in radiogenic transformation. Free radical scavengers, such as DMSO, do not give any effect on induction of oncogenic transformation by 600 MeV/u iron particles, suggesting most oncogenic damage induced by high-LET heavy ions is through direct action. Repair studies with stationary phase cells showed that the amount of reparable oncogenic lesions decreased with an increase of LET and that heavy ions with LET greater than 200 keV/mu m produced only irreparable oncogenic damage. An enhancement effect for oncogenic transformation was observed in cells irradiated by low-dose-rate argon ions (400 MeV/u; 120 keV/mu m). Chromosomal aberrations, such as translocation and deletion, but not sister chromatid exchange, are essential for heavy-ion-induced oncogenic transformation. The basic mechanism(s) of misrepair of DNA damage, which form oncogenic lesions, is unknown. C1 S CHINA AGR UNIV, CTR EXPTL, CANTON, PEOPLES R CHINA. KRUG LIFE SCI, HOUSTON, TX USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV LIFE SCI, BERKELEY, CA USA. RP YANG, TC (reprint author), NASA, LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR, DIV MED SCI, HOUSTON, TX 77058 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042664-6 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1/2 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00801-K PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry GA BE07T UT WOS:A1995BE07T00018 PM 11538955 ER PT S AU BLACKWELL, CC AF BLACKWELL, CC BE Kraft, G Carr, KE Goodwin, EH Ting, KC Finn, CK Tsai, KC Volk, T Henninger, DL Mitchell, CA MacElroy, RD Stabekis, P TI THE PROBLEM OF ASSURING PERFORMANCE ROBUSTNESS OF BIOLOGICAL LIFE-SUPPORT-SYSTEMS SO PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F2.2, F2.3, F2.5, F4.3, F4.4, F4.9, F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res AB A perspective of the process of obtaining performance robustness of space exploration life support systems is presented. Some useful definitions are made, some relevant issues are addressed, and a procedure for establishing performance robustness, so far as it is now known, is explained. An example is given to illustrate the procedure. RP BLACKWELL, CC (reprint author), NASA, AMES RES CTR, BIONET CORP, MAIL STOP 239-29, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042664-6 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1/2 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00803-M PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry GA BE07T UT WOS:A1995BE07T00020 PM 11538958 ER PT S AU BARTA, DJ HENNINGER, DL AF BARTA, DJ HENNINGER, DL BE Kraft, G Carr, KE Goodwin, EH Ting, KC Finn, CK Tsai, KC Volk, T Henninger, DL Mitchell, CA MacElroy, RD Stabekis, P TI JOHNSON SPACE CENTERS REGENERATIVE LIFE-SUPPORT-SYSTEMS TEST-BED SO PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F2.2, F2.3, F2.5, F4.3, F4.4, F4.9, F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res AB The Regenerative Life Support Systems (RLSS) Test Bed at NASA's Johnson Space Center is an atmospherically closed, controlled environment facility for human testing of regenerative life support systems using higher plants in conjunction with physicochemical life support systems. The facility supports NASA's Advanced Life Support (ALS) Program. The facility is comprised of two large scale plant growth chambers, each with approximately 11 m(2) growing area. The root zone in each chamber is configurable for hydroponic or solid media plant culture systems, One of the two chambers, the Variable Pressure Growth Chamber (VPGC), is capable of operating at lower atmospheric pressures to evaluate a range of environments that may be used in a planetary surface habitat; the other chamber, the Ambient Pressure Growth Chamber (APGC) operates at ambient atmospheric pressure, The air lock of the VPGC is currently being outfitted for short duration (1 to 15 day) human habitation at ambient pressures, Testing with and without human subjects will focus on 1) integration of biological and physicochemical air and water revitalization systems; 2) effect of atmospheric pressure on system performance; 3) planetary resource utilization for ALS systems, in which solid substrates (simulated planetary soils or manufactured soils) are used in selected crop growth studies; 4) environmental microbiology and toxicology; 5) monitoring and control strategies; and 6) plant growth systems design. Included are descriptions of the overall design of the test facility, including discussions of the atmospheric conditioning, thermal control, lighting, and nutrient delivery systems. RP BARTA, DJ (reprint author), NASA, LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR, MAIL CODE EC3, HOUSTON, TX 77058 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042664-6 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1/2 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00811-R PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry GA BE07T UT WOS:A1995BE07T00028 PM 11538966 ER PT S AU HENNINGER, DL TRI, TO PACKHAM, NJC AF HENNINGER, DL TRI, TO PACKHAM, NJC BE Kraft, G Carr, KE Goodwin, EH Ting, KC Finn, CK Tsai, KC Volk, T Henninger, DL Mitchell, CA MacElroy, RD Stabekis, P TI NASAS ADVANCED LIFE-SUPPORT-SYSTEMS HUMAN-RATED TEST FACILITY SO PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F2.2, F2.3, F2.5, F4.3, F4.4, F4.9, F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res AB Future NASA missions to explore the solar system will be long-duration missions, requiring human life support systems which must operate with very high reliability over long periods of time. Such systems must be highly regenerative, requiring minimum resupply, to enable the crews to de largely self-sufficient. These regenerative life support systems will use a combination of higher plants, microorganisms, and physicochemical processes to recycle air and water, produce food, and process wastes. A key step in the development of these systems is establishment of a human-rated test facility specifically tailored to evaluation of closed, regenerative life supports systems - one in which long-duration, large-scale testing involving human test crews can be performed. Construction of such a facility, the Advanced Life Support Program's (ALS) Human-Rated Test Facility (HRTF), has begun at NASA's Johnson Space Center, and definition of systems and development of initial outfitting concepts for the facility are underway. This paper will provide an overview of the HRTF project plan, an explanation of baseline configurations, and descriptive illustrations of facility outfitting concepts. C1 LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO, HOUSTON, TX 77058 USA. RP HENNINGER, DL (reprint author), NASA, LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR, HOUSTON, TX 77058 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042664-6 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1/2 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00812-S PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry GA BE07T UT WOS:A1995BE07T00029 PM 11538967 ER PT S AU SCHWINGEL, WR SAGER, JC AF SCHWINGEL, WR SAGER, JC BE Kraft, G Carr, KE Goodwin, EH Ting, KC Finn, CK Tsai, KC Volk, T Henninger, DL Mitchell, CA MacElroy, RD Stabekis, P TI ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF INEDIBLE CROP RESIDUES PRODUCED IN A CONTROLLED ECOLOGICAL LIFE-SUPPORT-SYSTEM SO PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F2.2, F2.3, F2.5, F4.3, F4.4, F4.9, F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res AB An anaerobic reactor seeded with organisms from an anaerobic lagoon was used to study the degradation of inedible crop residues from potato and wheat crops grown. in a dosed environment. Conversion of this biomass into other products was also evaluated. Degradation of wheat volatile solids was about 25% where that of potato was about 50%. The main product of the anaerobic fermentation of both crops was acetic acid with smaller quantities of propionate and butyrate produced. Nitrate, known to be high in concentration in inedible potato and wheat biomass grown hydroponically, was converted to ammonia in the anaerobic reactor. C1 NASA, KENNEDY SPACE CTR, FL 32899 USA. RP SCHWINGEL, WR (reprint author), NATL RES COUNCIL, MAIL CODE MD-RES, KENNEDY SPACE CTR, FL 32899 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042664-6 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1/2 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00819-Z PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry GA BE07T UT WOS:A1995BE07T00036 PM 11538974 ER PT S AU COREY, KA BATES, ME ADAMS, SL AF COREY, KA BATES, ME ADAMS, SL BE Kraft, G Carr, KE Goodwin, EH Ting, KC Finn, CK Tsai, KC Volk, T Henninger, DL Mitchell, CA MacElroy, RD Stabekis, P TI CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE OF LETTUCE PLANTS UNDER HYPOBARIC CONDITIONS SO PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F2.2, F2.3, F2.5, F4.3, F4.4, F4.9, F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res ID PRODUCTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTS; WHEAT AB Growth of plants in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) may involve the use of hypobaric pressures enabling lower mass requirements for atmospheres and possible enhancement of crop productivity, A controlled environment plant growth chamber with hypobaric capability designed and built at Ames Research Center was used to determine if reduced pressures influence the rates of photosynthesis (Ps) and dark respiration (DR) of hydroponically grown lettuce plants, The chamber, referred to as a plant volatiles chamber (PVC), has a growing area of about 0.2 m(2), a total gas volume of about 0.7 m(3), and a leak rate at 50 kPa of < 0.1%/day. When the pressure in the chamber was reduced from ambient to 51 kPa, the rate of net Ps increased by 25% and the rate of DR decreased by 40%, The rate of Ps increased linearly with decreasing pressure, There was a greater effect of reduced pressure at 41 Pa CO2 than at 81 Pa CO2. This is consistent with reports showing greater inhibition of photorespiration (Pr) in reduced O-2 at low CO2 concentrations. When the partial pressure of O-2 was held constant but the total pressure was varied between 51 and 101 kPa, the rate of CO2 uptake was nearly constant, suggesting that low pressure enhancement of Ps may be mainly attributable to lowered partial pressure of O-2 and the accompanying reduction in Pr, The effects of lowered partial pressure of O-2 on Ps and DR could result in substantial increases in the rates of biomass production, enabling rapid throughput of crops or allowing flexibility in the use of mass and energy resources for a CELSS. C1 NASA, AMES RES CTR, BIONET CORP, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. RP COREY, KA (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042664-6 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1/2 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00820-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry GA BE07T UT WOS:A1995BE07T00037 PM 11538976 ER PT S AU DEVINCENZI, DL STABEKIS, P BARENGOLTZ, J AF DEVINCENZI, DL STABEKIS, P BARENGOLTZ, J BE Kraft, G Carr, KE Goodwin, EH Ting, KC Finn, CK Tsai, KC Volk, T Henninger, DL Mitchell, CA MacElroy, RD Stabekis, P TI REFINEMENT OF PLANETARY PROTECTION POLICY FOR MARS MISSIONS SO PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F2.2, F2.3, F2.5, F4.3, F4.4, F4.9, F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res AB Under existing COSPAR policy adopted in 1984, missions to Mars Ganders, probes, and some orbiters) are designated as Category IV missions. As such, the procedures for implementing planetary protection requirements could include trajectory biasing, cleanrooms, bioload reduction, sterilization of hardware, and bioshields. In 1992, a U.S. National Research Council study recommended that controls on forward contamination of Mars be tied to specific mission objectives. The report recommended that Mars landers with life detection instruments be subject to at least Viking-level sterilization procedures for bioload reduction, while spacecraft (including orbiters) without life detection instruments be subject to at least Viking-level pre-sterilization procedures for bioload reduction but need not be sterilized. In light of this, it is proposed that the current policy's Category IV and its planetary protection requirements be divided into two sub-categories as follows: Category IVa, for missions comprising landers and probes without life detection experiments, which will meet a specified bioburden limit for exposed surfaces, and Category IVb, for landers and probes with life detection experiments, which will require sterilization of landed systems. In addition, Category III orbiter mission specifications are expanded to be consistent with these recommendations. C1 LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO, WASHINGTON, DC 20024 USA. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. RP DEVINCENZI, DL (reprint author), NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042664-6 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1/2 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00821-U PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry GA BE07T UT WOS:A1995BE07T00038 PM 11538978 ER PT S AU RUMMEL, JD MEYER, MA AF RUMMEL, JD MEYER, MA BE Kraft, G Carr, KE Goodwin, EH Ting, KC Finn, CK Tsai, KC Volk, T Henninger, DL Mitchell, CA MacElroy, RD Stabekis, P TI A CONSENSUS APPROACH TO PLANETARY PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MARS LANDER MISSIONS SO PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F2.2, F2.3, F2.5, F4.3, F4.4, F4.9, F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res AB Over the last several years, the nature of the surface conditions on the planet Mars, our knowledge of the growth capabilities of Earth organisms under extreme conditions, and future opportunities for Mars exploration have been under extensive review in the United States and elsewhere. As part of these examinations, in 1992 the US Space Studies Board made a series of recommendations to NASA on the requirements that should be implemented on future missions that will explore Mars. In particular, significant changes were recommended in the requirements for Mars landers, changes that significantly alleviated the burden of planetary protection implementation for these missions. In this paper we propose a resolution implementing this new set of recommendations, for adoption by COSPAR at its 30th meeting in Hamburg. We also discuss future directions and study areas for planetary protection, in light of changing plans for Mars exploration. C1 NASA HEADQUARTERS, WASHINGTON, DC 20546 USA. RP RUMMEL, JD (reprint author), MARINE BIOL LAB, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042664-6 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1/2 BP 317 EP 321 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00822-V PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry GA BE07T UT WOS:A1995BE07T00039 PM 11538979 ER PT J AU Brage, T Leckrone, DS Fischer, CF AF Brage, T Leckrone, DS Fischer, CF TI Core-valence and core-core correlation effects on hyperfine-structure parameters and oscillator strengths in Tl II and Tl III SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION-ENERGIES; TRANSITIONS AB We report on large-scale ab initio multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations of hyperfine-structure parameters and oscillator strengths for the lowest few levels in Tl II and Tl III. The effect of both core-valence and core-core correlation on these properties is investigated, probing effects of all core subshells. The agreement with most experiments is excellent. These data are of vital interest for the interpretation of recent spectra of the chemically peculiar star chi Lupi. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT COMP SCI,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. RP Brage, T (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 681,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. OI Brage, Tomas/0000-0003-3985-767X NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 192 EP 200 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.53.192 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA TR750 UT WOS:A1996TR75000026 ER PT J AU Knott, CN Albergo, S Caccia, Z Chen, CX Costa, S Crawford, HJ Cronqvist, M Engelage, J Ferrando, P Fonte, R Greiner, L Guzik, TG Insolia, A Jones, FC Lindstrom, PJ Mitchell, JW Potenza, R Romanski, J Russo, GV Soutoul, A Testard, O Tull, CE Tuve, C Waddington, CJ Webber, WR Wefel, JP AF Knott, CN Albergo, S Caccia, Z Chen, CX Costa, S Crawford, HJ Cronqvist, M Engelage, J Ferrando, P Fonte, R Greiner, L Guzik, TG Insolia, A Jones, FC Lindstrom, PJ Mitchell, JW Potenza, R Romanski, J Russo, GV Soutoul, A Testard, O Tull, CE Tuve, C Waddington, CJ Webber, WR Wefel, JP TI Interactions of relativistic neon to nickel projectiles in hydrogen, elemental production cross sections SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CARBON TARGETS; NUCLEI; FRAGMENTATION; HELIUM; FORMULA; ENERGY; CHARGE AB This paper reports the elemental production cross sections for 17 projectile-energy combinations with energies between 338 and 894 MeV/nucleon interacting in a liquid hydrogen target. These results were obtained from two runs at the LBL Bevalac using projectiles ranging from Ne-22 to Ni-58. Cross sections were measured for all fragment elements with charges greater than or equal to half the charge of the projectile. The results show that, over the energy and ion range investigated, the general decrease in cross section with decreasing fragment charge is strongly modified by the isospin of the projectile ion. Significant additional modifications of the cross sections due to the internal structure of the nucleus have also been seen. These include both pairing and shell effects. Differences in the cross sections due to the differing energies of the projectile are also considerable. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CENS,SERV ASTROPHYS,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. UNIV CATANIA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-95129 CATANIA,ITALY. UNIV CATANIA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-95129 CATANIA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ CATANIA,I-95129 CATANIA,ITALY. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP Knott, CN (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. RI Insolia, Antonio/M-3447-2015; TUVE', Cristina/P-3933-2015 OI Insolia, Antonio/0000-0002-9040-1566; TUVE', Cristina/0000-0003-0739-3153 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.53.347 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA TR761 UT WOS:A1996TR76100045 ER PT J AU Bellotti, R Cafagna, F Circella, M DeCataldo, G DeMarzo, CN Giglietto, N Spinelli, P Golden, RL Stephens, SA Stochaj, SJ Webber, WR DePascale, MP Morselli, A Picozza, P Ormes, JF Streitmatter, RE Brancaccio, FM Papini, P Piccardi, P Spillantini, P Basini, G Bongiorno, F Ricci, M Brunetti, MT Codino, A Grimani, C Menichelli, M Salvatori, I AF Bellotti, R Cafagna, F Circella, M DeCataldo, G DeMarzo, CN Giglietto, N Spinelli, P Golden, RL Stephens, SA Stochaj, SJ Webber, WR DePascale, MP Morselli, A Picozza, P Ormes, JF Streitmatter, RE Brancaccio, FM Papini, P Piccardi, P Spillantini, P Basini, G Bongiorno, F Ricci, M Brunetti, MT Codino, A Grimani, C Menichelli, M Salvatori, I TI Measurement of the negative muon spectrum between 0.3 and 40 GeV/c in the atmosphere SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COSMIC-RAY; CHARGE RATIO; SEA-LEVEL AB A measurement of the negative muon flux in the atmosphere has been made using a superconducting magnet spectrometer during the ascent part of a balloon flight experiment performed on September 5, 1989 from Prince Albert, Saskatchewan (Canada). The negative muon component has been measured over the momentum range 0.3-40 GeV/c with an altitude increasing from 0.6 to 36 km above sea level. This is the first time that results from such wide intervals in momentum and atmospheric depth have been obtained using a single apparatus. The flux growth curve with atmospheric depth is momentum dependent; the low energy muon flux peaks around 150 g/cm(2) and higher energy muons penetrate to larger depths in the atmosphere. The flux decreases exponentially with increasing depth above 200 g/cm(2). The attenuation length Lambda(e) increases almost linearly with the muon momentum at a rate of about 90 (g/cm(2))/(GeV/c) in the 0.3-8 GeV/c range. The momentum spectra at different altitudes can be described by power-laws, provided that the spectral index is left free to change with altitude. We found that an index value of -2.5 +/- 0.2 can give a good description of the data for momenta between 2 and 40 GeV/c in the depth range 20-400 g/cm(2). Below 1 GeV/c, the spectrum gradually steepens as the atmospheric depth decreases. Above 600 g/cm(2) a peak around 0.5 GeV/c arises. C1 IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ BARI,I-70126 BARI,ITALY. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,PARTICLE ASTROPHYS LAB,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. UNIV ROMA TOR VERGATA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-00173 ROME,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ ROMA 2,I-00173 ROME,ITALY. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV FLORENCE,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-50125 FLORENCE,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ FIRENZE,I-50125 FLORENCE,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,LAB NAZL FRASCATI,I-00044 FRASCATI,ITALY. UNIV PERUGIA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ PERUGIA,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES,BOMBAY 400005,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. RP Bellotti, R (reprint author), UNIV BARI,DIPARTMENTO FIS,VIA AMENDOLA 173,I-70126 BARI,ITALY. RI Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Cafagna, Francesco/A-9299-2010; OI Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Cafagna, Francesco/0000-0002-7450-4784; Bellotti, Roberto/0000-0003-3198-2708; Picozza, Piergiorgio/0000-0002-7986-3321; Papini, Paolo/0000-0003-4718-2895 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.35 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA TP720 UT WOS:A1996TP72000005 ER PT J AU Dubovikov, MS AF Dubovikov, MS TI Multiple scattering of hard gamma quanta in a medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION AB We consider the problem of multiple scattering of gamma quanta with energies of 1-5 MeV in media. An analytical solution of the problem is possible due to the fact that in the mentioned region of the energy, only Compton scattering contributes to the distribution functions of gamma quanta and because recoiled electrons may be considered relativistic. We derive asymptotic formulas for the distribution functions of the momenta of gamma quanta at distances larger than the gamma-quantum mean free path length. We consider both stationary and nonstationary sources of gamma quanta. RP Dubovikov, MS (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES,2880 BROADWAY,NEW YORK,NY 10025, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1156 EP 1165 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.1156 PN B PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA TR119 UT WOS:A1996TR11900047 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Yeung, PK Brasseur, JG AF Zhou, Y Yeung, PK Brasseur, JG TI Scale disparity and spectral transfer in anisotropic numerical turbulence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; ENERGY-TRANSFER AB To study the effects of cancellations within long-range interactions on isotropy at small scales, we calculate explicitly the degree of cancellation in long-range, or ''distant,'' triadic interactions in the simulations of Yeung and Brasseur [Phys. Fluids A 3, 884 (1991)] and Yeung, Brasseur, and Wang [J. Fluid Mech. 283, 43 (1995)] using the single scale disparity parameter s developed by Zhou [Phys. Fluids A 5, 1092 (1993); 5, 2511 (1993)]. In the simulations initially isotropic turbulence was subjected to coherent anisotropic forcing at the large scales and the smallest scales were found to become anisotropic as a consequence of direct large-small scale couplings and then to return towards isotropy. We verify here that the most nonlocal interactions do not cancel out under summation, that the observed small-scale anisotropy is indeed a direct result of the distant triadic group, and that the reduction of anisotropy at later times follows from the influences towards isotropy of more local energy-cascading triadic interactions. We find that as the scale separation s increases beyond about 10, the net energy transfer to or from high-wave-number shells within the distant triadic group goes asymptotically to zero, while the long-range anisotropic influences increase monotonically, indicating that long-range dynamics persists to larger scale separations and hence higher Reynolds numbers. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH AEROSP ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Zhou, Y (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,INST COMP APPLICAT SCI & ENGN,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 9 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 1996 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1261 EP 1264 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.1261 PN B PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA TR119 UT WOS:A1996TR11900065 ER PT B AU Matney, MJ Kessler, DJ AF Matney, MJ Kessler, DJ BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI A reformulation of divine's interplanetary model SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,LOCKHEED MARTIN ENGN & SCI SERV,HOUSTON,TX 77058. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00002 ER PT B AU Zook, HA Grun, E Baguhl, M Hamilton, D Linkert, G Liou, JC Forsyth, R Phillips, JL AF Zook, HA Grun, E Baguhl, M Hamilton, D Linkert, G Liou, JC Forsyth, R Phillips, JL BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI Jovian dust bursts SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 23 EP 25 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00004 ER PT B AU Jenniskens, P AF Jenniskens, P BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI The first in a new series of Leonid outbursts SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00022 ER PT B AU Liou, JC Zook, HA Dermott, SF AF Liou, JC Zook, HA Dermott, SF BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI The contribution of Kuiper belt dust grains to the inner Solar System SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00031 ER PT B AU Kessler, DJ AnzMeador, PD Matney, MJ AF Kessler, DJ AnzMeador, PD Matney, MJ BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI Space debris SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 201 EP 208 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00038 ER PT B AU Tsou, P AF Tsou, P BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI Hypervelocity capture of meteoroids in aerogel SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00045 ER PT B AU Giovane, F Gustafson, BAS Lamy, PL AF Giovane, F Gustafson, BAS Lamy, PL BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI An optical instrument to characterize individual dust particles SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 NASA,WASHINGTON,DC 20546. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 247 EP 250 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00047 ER PT B AU Hauser, MG AF Hauser, MG BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI COBE observations of zodiacal emission SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 309 EP 314 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00058 ER PT B AU Berriman, GB Weiland, JL Lisse, CM Reach, WT Hauser, MG Kelsall, T AF Berriman, GB Weiland, JL Lisse, CM Reach, WT Hauser, MG Kelsall, T BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI COBE/DIRBE studies of scattering by interplanetary dust SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GEN SCI CORP,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RI Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016 OI Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 321 EP 324 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00060 ER PT B AU Hanner, MS AF Hanner, MS BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI Composition and optical properties of cometary dust SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 367 EP 376 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00071 ER PT B AU Sekanina, Z AF Sekanina, Z BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI Morphology of cometary dust coma and tail SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00072 ER PT B AU Sekanina, Z AF Sekanina, Z BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI Fragmentation of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9's nuclei during flight through the Jovian atmosphere SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00073 ER PT B AU Xing, ZF Hanner, MS AF Xing, ZF Hanner, MS BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI Modelling the temperature of cometary particles SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 437 EP 441 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00084 ER PT B AU Horn, LJ Nelson, RM Smythe, WD Hapke, BW AF Horn, LJ Nelson, RM Smythe, WD Hapke, BW BE Gustafson, BAS Hanner, MS TI Coherent backscatter opposition effect from Saturn ring particles and their regoliths SO PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND DYNAMICS OF INTERPLANETARY DUST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 150th Colloquium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Physics, Chemistry, and Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP Int Astron Union C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-24-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 104 BP 443 EP 446 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37D UT WOS:A1996BG37D00085 ER PT J AU Nobari, MR Jan, YJ Tryggvason, G AF Nobari, MR Jan, YJ Tryggvason, G TI Head-on collision of drops - A numerical investigation SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID 2 VISCOUS DROPS; LIQUID; COALESCENCE; OSCILLATIONS; DROPLETS; FLOWS; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; GRAVITY AB The head-on collision of equal sized drops is studied by full numerical simulations. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved for the fluid motion both inside and outside the drops using a front tracking/finite difference technique. The drops are accelerated toward each other by a body force that is turned off before the drops collide. When the drops collide, the fluid between them is pushed outward leaving a thin layer bounded by the drop surface. This layer gets progressively thinner as the drops continue to deform, and in several of our calculations we artificially remove this double layer at prescribed times, thus modeling rupture. If no rupture takes place, the drops always rebound, but if the film is ruptured the drops may coalesce permanently or coalesce temporarily and then split again. Although the numerically predicted boundaries between permanent and temporary coalescence are found to be consistent with experimental observations, the exact location of these boundaries in parameter space is found to depend on the time of rupture. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 NASA, LEWIS RES CTR, INST COMPUTAT MECH PROP, CLEVELAND, OH 44135 USA. RP Nobari, MR (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT MECH ENGN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RI Tryggvason, Gretar/H-4445-2011 OI Tryggvason, Gretar/0000-0002-9884-8901 NR 40 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1063/1.868812 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA TL892 UT WOS:A1996TL89200005 ER PT J AU Trinh, EH Holt, RG Thiessen, DB AF Trinh, EH Holt, RG Thiessen, DB TI The dynamics of ultrasonically levitated drops in an electric field SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-DROP; CHARGED DROPS; NONLINEAR OSCILLATIONS; AMPLITUDE OSCILLATIONS; RESONANT OSCILLATIONS; AXISYMMETRIC SHAPES; STATIC DEFORMATION; EQUILIBRIUM SHAPES; IMMISCIBLE LIQUID; SURFACE-TENSION AB Ultrasonic and electrostatic levitation techniques have allowed the experimental investigation of the nonlinear oscillatory dynamics of free droplets with diameter between 0.1 and 0.4 cm. The measurement of the resonance frequencies of the first three normal modes of large amplitude shape oscillations in an electric field of varying magnitude has been carried out with and without surface charges for weakly conducting liquids in air. These oscillations of nonspherical levitated drops have been driven by either modulating the ultrasonic field or by using a time-varying electric field, and the free decay from the oscillatory state has been recorded. A decrease in the resonance frequency of the driven fundamental quadrupole mode has been measured for increasing oblate deformation in the absence of an electric field. Similarly, a decrease in this frequency has also been found for increasing DC electric field magnitude. A soft nonlinearity exists in the amplitude dependence of the resonant mode frequencies for freely decaying as well as ultrasonically and electrically driven uncharged drops. This decrease in resonance frequency is accentuated by the presence of free surface charge on the drop. Subharmonic resonance excitation has been observed for drops in a time-varying electric field, and hysteresis exists for resonant modes driven to large amplitude. Mode coupling from lower-order resonances to higher-order modes has been found to be very weak, even for fairly large amplitude shape oscillations. Most of these results are in general agreement with predictions from recent analytical and numerical investigations. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Trinh, EH (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. RI Thiessen, David/A-2731-2011; Holt, Ray/G-5677-2010 NR 72 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 43 EP 61 DI 10.1063/1.868813 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA TL892 UT WOS:A1996TL89200006 ER PT J AU Meador, WE Miner, GA Townsend, LW AF Meador, WE Miner, GA Townsend, LW TI Bulk viscosity as a relaxation parameter: Fact or fiction? SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article AB The interpretation of bulk viscosity as a relaxation parameter for describing nonequilibrium polyatomic gases is challenged both qualitatively and quantitatively. Its presumed proportionality to a relaxation time is an artificial concept restricted to Very rapid equilibration of translational and internal modes compared with some characteristic time of the system. Application of a generalized methodology to small-signal sound waves of intermediate and high frequencies demonstrates this artificiality and shows that bulk viscosity can at best be used as a nonphysical adjustable parameter to force fit a single aspect of relaxation. Sound absorption can be force fitted in this way, but not the dispersion of the sound speed. Accordingly, recent applications of bulk viscosity in solving such problems as heat transfer in hypersonic boundary layers may be seriously deficient. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. RP Meador, WE (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 258 EP 261 DI 10.1063/1.868833 PG 4 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA TL892 UT WOS:A1996TL89200026 ER PT B AU Serlemitsos, P Ptak, A Yaqoob, T AF Serlemitsos, P Ptak, A Yaqoob, T BE Eracleous, M Koratkar, A Leitherer, C Ho, L TI X-ray observations of LINER and starburst galaxies SO PHYSICS OF LINERS IN VIEW OF RECENT OBSERVATIONS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Physics of Liners in View of Recent Observations CY SEP 06-08, 1995 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Space Telescope Sci Inst C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,LHEA,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-23-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 103 BP 70 EP 89 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG37C UT WOS:A1996BG37C00004 ER PT J AU Chutjian, A Garscadden, A Wadehra, JM AF Chutjian, A Garscadden, A Wadehra, JM TI Electron attachment to molecules at low electron energies SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review ID NEGATIVE-ION FORMATION; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTION; HIGH RYDBERG STATES; DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION COEFFICIENTS; DISCHARGE IONIZATION SOURCE; S-WAVE THRESHOLD; RATE CONSTANTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE AB Theoretical and experimental methods for studying electron attachment to molecules in the range 10's of eV to several mu eV are reviewed. Theoretial methods include use of the Projection-Operators Technique, the Fadeev Equations, and the R-matrix Method. Experimental approaches include multiple-collision techniques (swarm, Cavalleri, flowing-afterglow, pulsed radiolysis), and single-collision methods (Rydberg attachment, rare-gas photoionization, reversal electron attachment, crossed-beams). Recent experimental results using the various methods are given. Applications and needs of electron-attachment data are discussed for a broad range of fields, including gaseous dielectrics, electronegative discharges, laser plasmas, negative-ion sources, combustion, analyte detection, solar opacity, and the Earth's upper atmosphere. C1 USAF, WRIGHT LAB, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. WAYNE STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, DETROIT, MI 48202 USA. RP CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA 91109 USA. NR 345 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 264 IS 6 BP 393 EP 470 DI 10.1016/0370-1573(95)00022-4 PG 78 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TP023 UT WOS:A1996TP02300001 ER PT J AU McMahon, SK AF McMahon, SK TI Overview of the Planetary Data System SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) is an active archive that provides high quality, usable planetary science data products to the science community. This system evolved in response to scientists' requests for improved availability of planetary data from NASA missions, with increased scientific involvement and oversight. It is sponsored by the NASA Solar System Exploration Division, and includes seven university/research center science teams, called discipline nodes, as well as a central node at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. PDS today is a leader in archive technology, providing a basic resource for scientists and educators. Operational since 1989, PDS distributes more than 11,000 orders annually. Current master holdings include more than 300 unique CDROM titles, 700 CD-Write Once titles, and 54,000 tapes. Major data additions to the PDS archives are now in process, including more than 350 new CDROM titles over the next two years. Deliveries are expected from Clementine, Shoemaker-Levy 9, Galileo, Ulysses, and the Giotto Extended Mission. Additional archive products are planned in future years from Galileo, Mars Global Surveyor, Lunar Prospector, Cassini, Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous, and the Mars Pathfinder projects. PDS is also restoring data from the following previous missions to improve data descriptions, formats, and quality of the data so that scientists have better access: Voyager, Viking, Pioneer, Pioneer Venus Orbiter, Magellan, plus Mariner 9 and 10. Many restorations still remain. PDS produces several hundred copies per title in initial distributions, with additional distributions to users via the National Space Science Data Center, and online orders via the World Wide Web. RP McMahon, SK (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/0032-0633(95)00101-8 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TT758 UT WOS:A1996TT75800002 ER PT J AU Eliason, EM LaVoie, SK Soderblom, LA AF Eliason, EM LaVoie, SK Soderblom, LA TI The Imaging Node for the Planetary Data System SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GALILEO AB The Planetary Data System Imaging Node maintains and distributes the archives of planetary image data acquired from NASA's flight projects with the primary goal of enabling the science community to perform image processing and analysis on the data. The Node provides direct and easy access to the digital image archives through wide distribution of the data on CD-ROM media and on-line remote-access tools by way of Internet services. The Node provides digital image processing tools and the expertise and guidance necessary to understand the image collections. The data collections, now approaching one terabyte in volume, provide a foundation for remote sensing studies for virtually all the planetary systems in our solar system (except for Pluto). The Node is responsible for restoring data sets from past missions in danger of being lost. The Node works with active flight projects to assist in the creation of their archive products and to ensure that their products and data catalogs become an integral part of the Node's data collections. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP Eliason, EM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0032-0633(95)00103-4 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TT758 UT WOS:A1996TT75800004 ER PT J AU Showalter, MR Bollinger, KJ Cuzzi, JN Nicholson, PD AF Showalter, MR Bollinger, KJ Cuzzi, JN Nicholson, PD TI The Rings Node for the Planetary Data System SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SATURNS F-RING; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETER OBSERVATIONS; RADIO SCIENCE OBSERVATIONS; PLASMA-WAVE INSTRUMENT; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; PARTICLE COMPOSITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; URANIAN SYSTEM; VOYAGER UVS; MU-M AB The Planetary Data System's Rings Node is devoted to the archiving and distributing of scientific data sets relevant to planetary ring systems. The two major classes of ring data are images and occultation profiles, although a variety of additional data types (e.g. spectra, particle absorption signatures, etc.) are also of interest. A large fraction of the data sets are from the Voyager missions to the outer planets, but Earth-based and Hubble Space Telescope data sets are also represented. Archiving work often includes reformatting the data into standardized formats and reconstructing some of the data processing steps. The Rings Node also performs a variety of services to support research into these data sets. These services include developing on-line catalogs and information systems, filling orders for data, developing software tools, and coordinating special observing campaigns. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,SYMTECH CORP,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94305. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Showalter, MR (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,CTR RADAR ASTRON,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 79 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0032-0633(95)00104-2 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TT758 UT WOS:A1996TT75800005 ER PT J AU Acton, CH AF Acton, CH TI Ancillary data services of NASA's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB JPL's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF) has primary responsibility for design and implementation of the SPICE ancillary information system, supporting a wide range of space science mission design, observation planning and data analysis functions. NAIF also serves as the ancillary data node of the Planetary Data System (PDS). As part of the PDS, NAIF archives SPICE and other ancillary data produced by flight projects. NAIF then distributes these data, and associated data access software and high-level tools, free of charge, to researchers funded by NASA's Office of Space Science, and to the broader space science community to the extent NAIF resources and NASA and JPL policy permit. This paper describes the SPICE system, identifies current and future SPICE applications, and summarizes customer support offered by NAIF. This information is current as of Spring 1995. RP Acton, CH (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA, USA. NR 2 TC 240 Z9 243 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1016/0032-0633(95)00107-7 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TT758 UT WOS:A1996TT75800008 ER PT B AU Sandford, SA AF Sandford, SA BE Roberge, WG Whittet, DCB TI The composition of interstellar grains and ices SO POLARIMETRY OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarimetry of the Interstellar Medium CY JUN 04-07, 1995 CL RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, TROY, NY HO RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-18-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 97 BP 29 EP 47 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32G UT WOS:A1996BG32G00003 ER PT B AU Davidson, JA AF Davidson, JA BE Roberge, WG Whittet, DCB TI The magnetic field structure in the galactic center SO POLARIMETRY OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarimetry of the Interstellar Medium CY JUN 04-07, 1995 CL RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, TROY, NY HO RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST C1 SETI INST,NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-18-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 97 BP 504 EP 521 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32G UT WOS:A1996BG32G00067 ER PT B AU Wannier, PG Andersson, BG AF Wannier, PG Andersson, BG BE Roberge, WG Whittet, DCB TI Multi-band photo-polarimetry: A study of two nearby dark clouds SO POLARIMETRY OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarimetry of the Interstellar Medium CY JUN 04-07, 1995 CL RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, TROY, NY HO RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-18-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 97 BP 522 EP 526 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32G UT WOS:A1996BG32G00068 ER PT B AU Moore, NR Ferraro, NW Ebbeler, DH Newlin, LE Blandino, JJ Beaudet, RA Moran, CM Moore, SH AF Moore, NR Ferraro, NW Ebbeler, DH Newlin, LE Blandino, JJ Beaudet, RA Moran, CM Moore, SH BE Frangopol, DM Grigoriu, MD TI Probabilistic simulation of decomposition of liquid propellant SO PROBABILISTIC MECHANICS & STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH SPECIALTY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability CY AUG 07-09, 1996 CL WORCESTER, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Struct Div C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0184-5 PY 1996 BP 640 EP 643 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG42M UT WOS:A1996BG42M00156 ER PT B AU Chamis, CC AF Chamis, CC BE Frangopol, DM Grigoriu, MD TI Reliability/cost of adaptive intraply hybrid fiber composite structures SO PROBABILISTIC MECHANICS & STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH SPECIALTY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability CY AUG 07-09, 1996 CL WORCESTER, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Struct Div C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0184-5 PY 1996 BP 644 EP 647 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG42M UT WOS:A1996BG42M00157 ER PT B AU Ebbeler, DH Newlin, LE Moore, NR AF Ebbeler, DH Newlin, LE Moore, NR BE Frangopol, DM Grigoriu, MD TI Probabilistic modeling of radiation damage in charge-coupled devices SO PROBABILISTIC MECHANICS & STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH SPECIALTY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability CY AUG 07-09, 1996 CL WORCESTER, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Struct Div C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0184-5 PY 1996 BP 776 EP 779 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG42M UT WOS:A1996BG42M00190 ER PT B AU Moore, NR Kolawa, EA Sutharshana, S Newlin, LE Creager, M AF Moore, NR Kolawa, EA Sutharshana, S Newlin, LE Creager, M BE Frangopol, DM Grigoriu, MD TI Probabilistic fatigue life analysis of high density electronics packaging SO PROBABILISTIC MECHANICS & STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH SPECIALTY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability CY AUG 07-09, 1996 CL WORCESTER, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Struct Div C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0184-5 PY 1996 BP 886 EP 889 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG42M UT WOS:A1996BG42M00214 ER PT B AU Fleurial, JP Borshchevsky, A Caillat, T Morelli, DT Meisner, GP AF Fleurial, JP Borshchevsky, A Caillat, T Morelli, DT Meisner, GP GP IEEE TI High figure of merit in Ce-filled skutterudites SO PROCEEDINGS ICT '96 - FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOELECTRICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT 96) CY MAR 26-29, 1996 CL PASADENA, CA SP Int Thermoelect Soc, IEEE, IEEE, Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Cal Tech, Jet Propuls Lab, Thermoelect Team, USN, Off Naval Res, US DOE C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA. NR 0 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 4 U2 9 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3221-0 PY 1996 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1109/ICT.1996.553263 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG49X UT WOS:A1996BG49X00018 ER PT B AU Caillat, T Fleurial, JP Borshchevsky, A AF Caillat, T Fleurial, JP Borshchevsky, A GP IEEE TI Skutterudites for thermoelectric applications SO PROCEEDINGS ICT '96 - FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOELECTRICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT 96) CY MAR 26-29, 1996 CL PASADENA, CA SP Int Thermoelect Soc, IEEE, IEEE, Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Cal Tech, Jet Propuls Lab, Thermoelect Team, USN, Off Naval Res, US DOE C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3221-0 PY 1996 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1109/ICT.1996.553265 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG49X UT WOS:A1996BG49X00020 ER PT B AU Borshchevsky, A Caillat, T Fleurial, JP AF Borshchevsky, A Caillat, T Fleurial, JP GP IEEE TI Solid solution formation: Improving the thermoelectric properties of skutterudites SO PROCEEDINGS ICT '96 - FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOELECTRICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT 96) CY MAR 26-29, 1996 CL PASADENA, CA SP Int Thermoelect Soc, IEEE, IEEE, Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Cal Tech, Jet Propuls Lab, Thermoelect Team, USN, Off Naval Res, US DOE C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3221-0 PY 1996 BP 112 EP 116 DI 10.1109/ICT.1996.553267 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG49X UT WOS:A1996BG49X00022 ER PT B AU Caillat, T Fleurial, JP Borshchevsky, A AF Caillat, T Fleurial, JP Borshchevsky, A GP IEEE TI A low thermal conductivity compound for thermoelectric applications: beta-Zn4Sb3 SO PROCEEDINGS ICT '96 - FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOELECTRICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT 96) CY MAR 26-29, 1996 CL PASADENA, CA SP Int Thermoelect Soc, IEEE, IEEE, Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Cal Tech, Jet Propuls Lab, Thermoelect Team, USN, Off Naval Res, US DOE C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3221-0 PY 1996 BP 151 EP 154 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG49X UT WOS:A1996BG49X00030 ER PT B AU Vandersande, JW Fleurial, JP AF Vandersande, JW Fleurial, JP GP IEEE TI Thermal management of power electronics using thermoelectric coolers SO PROCEEDINGS ICT '96 - FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOELECTRICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT 96) CY MAR 26-29, 1996 CL PASADENA, CA SP Int Thermoelect Soc, IEEE, IEEE, Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Cal Tech, Jet Propuls Lab, Thermoelect Team, USN, Off Naval Res, US DOE C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3221-0 PY 1996 BP 252 EP 255 DI 10.1109/ICT.1996.553311 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG49X UT WOS:A1996BG49X00056 ER PT B AU Jamshidi, M AkbarzadehT, MR Kumbla, K AF Jamshidi, M AkbarzadehT, MR Kumbla, K BE Soto, R Sanchez, JM Campbell, M Cantu, FJ TI Design and implementation of fuzzy controllers for complex systems - Case study: A water desalination plant SO PROCEEDINGS ISAI/IFIS 1996 - MEXICO - USA COLLABORATION IN INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISAI/IFIS 1996 - Mexico/USA Collaboration in Intelligent Systems Technologies CY NOV 12-15, 1996 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Inst Tecnol y Estudios Superiores Monterrey, Ctr Intelligencia Artificial, Ctr Fuzzy Log Robot & Intelligent Syst Res, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence, Int Joint Conf Artificial Intelligence, IEEE Inc, Canadian Soc Comp Studies Intelligence, Int Assoc Knowledge Engineers, European Coordinating Comm Artificial Intelligence AB Two soft computing paradigms for automated learning control of complex systems are briefly described. To illustrate the utility of the paradigms, they are applied to desalination process and simulations are performed. The first paradigm incorporates Genetic Algorithms (GA) in a learning scheme to adapt parameters of the fuzzy controller to changing environmental conditions. The second paradigm concentrates on a methodology which uses a Neural Network (NN) to adapt a fuzzy logic controller. Simulation results of fuzzy controllers learned with the aid of these soft computing paradigms are presented. RP Jamshidi, M (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,NASA,CTR AUTONOMOUS CONTROL & ENGN,ACE,ELECT & COMP ENGN BLDG,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO Y ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES MONTERRY PI 64849 MONTERREY N L PA CENTRO INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL AVE EUGENIO GARZA SADA #2501 S UR, COL TECNOLOGICO, 64849 MONTERREY N L, MEXICO BN 968-29-9437-3 PY 1996 BP 418 EP 423 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BH59M UT WOS:A1996BH59M00058 ER PT S AU Tang, YY Silcox, RJ Robinson, JH AF Tang, YY Silcox, RJ Robinson, JH BE Chalupnik, JD Marshall, SE Klein, RC TI Modeling of sound transmission through shell structures with turbulent boundary layer excitation SO PROCEEDINGS OF NOISE-CON 96 - THE 1996 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE NOISE-CON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Noise Control Engineering (NOISE-CON 96) - Visions for the Next Twenty-Five Years CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 1996 CL BELLEVUE, WA SP Boeing Commercial Airplane Grp, Inst Noise Control Engn RP Tang, YY (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,NATL RES COUNCIL,MS 463,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOISE CONTROL FOUNDATION PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 2469, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 SN 0736-2935 BN 0-931784-35-2 J9 NOISE CON P PY 1996 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Construction & Building Technology; Transportation SC Acoustics; Engineering; Construction & Building Technology; Transportation GA BH73M UT WOS:A1996BH73M00031 ER PT S AU Cooper, BA AF Cooper, BA BE Chalupnik, JD Marshall, SE Klein, RC TI In-plant noise exposure management for an industrial process air system SO PROCEEDINGS OF NOISE-CON 96 - THE 1996 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE NOISE-CON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Noise Control Engineering (NOISE-CON 96) - Visions for the Next Twenty-Five Years CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 1996 CL BELLEVUE, WA SP Boeing Commercial Airplane Grp, Inst Noise Control Engn RP Cooper, BA (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,OFF ENVIRONM PROGRAMS,21000 BROOKPK RD,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOISE CONTROL FOUNDATION PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 2469, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 SN 0736-2935 BN 0-931784-35-2 J9 NOISE CON P PY 1996 BP 603 EP 608 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Construction & Building Technology; Transportation SC Acoustics; Engineering; Construction & Building Technology; Transportation GA BH73M UT WOS:A1996BH73M00106 ER PT S AU Bergen, TF Himelblau, H Kern, DL AF Bergen, TF Himelblau, H Kern, DL BE Chalupnik, JD Marshall, SE Klein, RC TI Cassini spacecraft acoustic-flight and test criteria SO PROCEEDINGS OF NOISE-CON 96 - THE 1996 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE NOISE-CON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Noise Control Engineering (NOISE-CON 96) - Visions for the Next Twenty-Five Years CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 1996 CL BELLEVUE, WA SP Boeing Commercial Airplane Grp, Inst Noise Control Engn AB Acoustic measurements from eight Titan IV flights, and an acoustic test of a Cassini simulator and Titan payload fairing (PLF), were used to derive acoustic flight and test criteria for the Cassini spacecraft. The flight and laboratory data were used or modified to account for the following factors: (a) noise spike contamination of flight data, (b) spatial and flight-to-flight variations of flight data, (c) application of a thicker barrier-blanket to the PLF for the Cassini mission after flight data showed an excessive acoustic environment, (d) effects of locating two Cassini assemblies, the Huygens Probe (HP) and the High Gain Antenna (HGA), near the PLF, (e) higher thrust of upgraded Titan solid rocket motors (SRMs) for the Cassini mission, and (f) special considerations for acoustic testing of the Cassini spacecraft without the PLF. An overall sound pressure level of 145 dB was verified for the protoflight acoustic test criteria for the Cassini spacecraft. RP Bergen, TF (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,MS 125-129,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOISE CONTROL FOUNDATION PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 2469, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 SN 0736-2935 BN 0-931784-35-2 J9 NOISE CON P PY 1996 BP 693 EP 698 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Construction & Building Technology; Transportation SC Acoustics; Engineering; Construction & Building Technology; Transportation GA BH73M UT WOS:A1996BH73M00122 ER PT B AU Pappa, RS Gilbert, MG Welch, SS AF Pappa, RS Gilbert, MG Welch, SS GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI Simulation of the photogrammetric appendage structural dynamics experiment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I & II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) CY FEB 12-15, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Union Coll C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 BN 0-912053-49-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2768 BP 873 EP 879 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BF18E UT WOS:A1996BF18E00128 ER PT B AU Gafka, GK Zimmerman, DC AF Gafka, GK Zimmerman, DC GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI Structural damage detection via least squares dynamic residual force minimization with quadratic measurement error inequality constraint SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I & II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) CY FEB 12-15, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Union Coll C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,STRUCT & MECH DIV,HOUSTON,TX 77058. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 BN 0-912053-49-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2768 BP 1278 EP 1284 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BF18E UT WOS:A1996BF18E00184 ER PT B AU Tang, YY Silcox, RJ Robinson, JH AF Tang, YY Silcox, RJ Robinson, JH GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI Sound transmission through two concentric cylindrical sandwich shells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I & II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) CY FEB 12-15, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Union Coll C1 NASA,RES CTR,NATL RES COUNCIL,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 BN 0-912053-49-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2768 BP 1488 EP 1495 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BF18E UT WOS:A1996BF18E00214 ER PT B AU Haley, P Soloway, D AF Haley, P Soloway, D GP IEEE TI Experimental validation of generalized predictive control for active flutter suppression SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP IEEE, Control Syst Soc C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2975-9 PY 1996 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1109/CCA.1996.558618 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BG45H UT WOS:A1996BG45H00022 ER PT B AU Joshi, SM Kelkar, AG AF Joshi, SM Kelkar, AG GP IEEE TI Inner loop control of supersonic aircraft in the presence of aeroelastic modes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP IEEE, Control Syst Soc C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2975-9 PY 1996 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1109/CCA.1996.558619 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BG45H UT WOS:A1996BG45H00023 ER PT B AU TorresPomales, W Gonzalez, OR AF TorresPomales, W Gonzalez, OR GP IEEE TI Nonlinear control of swing-up inverted pendulum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP IEEE, Control Syst Soc C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2975-9 PY 1996 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1109/CCA.1996.558702 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BG45H UT WOS:A1996BG45H00044 ER PT B AU Santiago, DG Dick, GJ Wang, RT AF Santiago, DG Dick, GJ Wang, RT GP IEEE TI Frequency stability of 1x10(-13) in a compensated sapphire oscillator operating above 77K SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB We report on tests of a frequency-stable temperature compensated sapphire oscillator (CSO) at temperatures above 77 K[1]. Previously, high stability in sapphire oscillators had only been obtained with liquid helium cooling. Recent improvements include a more careful analysis of the ac frequency-lock ''Pound'' circuitry that now enables the oscillator to reliably attain a stability 6 million times better than its fractional resonator linewidth. The frequency stability of the current resonator with a quality factor of Q approximate to 2x10(6) is approximately the same as for the very best available quartz oscillators. The apparent CSO flicker floor is 7.5x10(-14) for measuring times between 3 and 10 seconds, with stability better than 2x10(-13) for all measuring times between 1 and 100 seconds. We project a stability of 2x10(-14) for a resonator Q of 10(7) value about one third of the intrinsic sapphire Q at this temperature. RP Santiago, DG (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 772 EP 775 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560254 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00113 ER PT B AU Tjoelker, RL Bricker, C Diener, W Hamell, RL Kirk, A Kuhnle, P Maleki, L Prestage, JD Santiago, D Seidel, D Stowers, DA Sydnor, RL Tucker, T AF Tjoelker, RL Bricker, C Diener, W Hamell, RL Kirk, A Kuhnle, P Maleki, L Prestage, JD Santiago, D Seidel, D Stowers, DA Sydnor, RL Tucker, T GP IEEE TI A mercury ion frequency standard engineering prototype for the NASA Deep Space Network SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB An engineering prototype linear ion trap frequency standard (LITS-4) using Hg-199+ is operational and currently under test for NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN). The DSN requires high stability and reliability with continuous operation. For practical considerations optical pumping and atomic state selection are accomplished with a Hg-202+ RF discharge lamp, and the trapped ions are cooled to near room temperature using a helium buffer gas. The standard is closely modeled from earlier research standards LITS-1 and LITS-2 which have demonstrated excellent frequency stability for uninterrupted comparison intervals up to 5 months. During an initial 135 day test in the DSN, LITS-4 operated continuously using a quartz crystal as the local oscillator. Recent signal to noise measurements indicate that a short term stability of sigma(y)(tau) = 2.0 x 10(-14)/tau(1/2) can be achieved when operated with a sufficiently stable local oscillator. RP Tjoelker, RL (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,MS 298-100,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 1073 EP 1081 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560296 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00155 ER PT B AU Young, LE Jefferson, DC Lichten, SM Tjoelker, RL Maleki, L AF Young, LE Jefferson, DC Lichten, SM Tjoelker, RL Maleki, L GP IEEE TI Formation of a GPS-linked global ensemble of hydrogen masers, and comparison to JPL's linear ion trap SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB This paper will describe the use of precision GPS time transfer to form an ensemble of hydrogen maser clocks. The performance of this ensemble, including the GPS time-transfer system, was measured relative to a stable Linear Ion Trap Standard. Very high-precision techniques have recently been developed in support of efforts to achieve cm-level accuracy in the use of GPS for geodesy. A global network of tracking stations, equipped with precision dual-frequency GPS receivers, has been in operation for several years. The post-processing software developed for cm-level geodesy has been used to demonstrate subnanosecond (ns) time synchronization, as reported in the PTTI conferences of 1991 and 1993. The global network of GPS stations includes 25 which are run coherently from hydrogen masers. This paper explores the use of high precision GPS estimation techniques to transfer time globally in conjunction with ensembles of atomic time standards, which in principle should be superior in performance to a single clock. Together, these techniques have potential to provide a means of directly assessing performance of individual clocks for which statistical information about stability is desired. RP Young, LE (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,M-S 238-600,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 1159 EP 1162 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560308 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00167 ER PT B AU Jefferson, DC Lichten, SM Young, LE AF Jefferson, DC Lichten, SM Young, LE GP IEEE TI A test of precision GPS clock synchronization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB This paper will describe tests of precision GPS time transfer using geodetic-quality TurboRogue receivers. The GPS data are processed with the GLPSY-OASIS II software, which simultaneously estimates the GPS satellite orbits and clocks, receiver locations and clock offsets, as well as other parameters such as orientation. This GPS solution technique, emphasizes high accuracy GPS orbit determination and observable modeling, has been shown to enable sub-1 ns time transfer at global distance scales, as reported in previous PTTI conferences in 1991 and 1993. GPS-based monitoring of clock performance has been carried out for several years through JPL's high precision GPS global network processing. This paper will discuss measurements of variations in relative clock offsets down to a level of a few tens of picoseconds. GPS-based clock frequency measurements will also be presented. RP Jefferson, DC (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,M-S 238-600,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 1206 EP 1210 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560314 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00173 ER PT B AU Yao, S Maleki, L AF Yao, S Maleki, L GP IEEE TI New results with the opto-electronic oscillators (OEO) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB A new class of oscillators based on photonic devices is presented. These opto-electronic oscillators (OEO's) generate microwave oscillation by converting continuous energy from a light source using a feedback circuit which includes a delay element, an electro-optic switch, and a photodetector. Different configurations of OEO's are presented, each of which may be applied to a particular application requiring ultra-high performance, or low cost and small size. RP Yao, S (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,FREQUENCY STAND LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 1219 EP 1222 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560316 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00175 ER PT B AU Seidel, DJ Yei, W Maleki, L AF Seidel, DJ Yei, W Maleki, L GP IEEE TI Two different atomic oscillators in the same environment: A new technique for compensating perturbations. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (50TH ANNIVERSARY) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY JUN 05-07, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB We presents a new technique for compensating frequency drift in a trapped ion frequency standard by simultaneously holding Yb-171(+) and Hg-199(+). Environmental perturbations affect the hyperfine splitting of these two ions very differently. By monitoring the changes in the frequency difference between their hyperfine levels we can compensate for some of the frequency drift due to changes in external perturbations. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3309-8 PY 1996 BP 1223 EP 1224 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560317 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG69B UT WOS:A1996BG69B00176 ER PT B AU Soloway, D Haley, PJ AF Soloway, D Haley, PJ GP IEEE TI Neural generalized predictive control - A Newton-Raphson implementation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL DEARBORN, MI SP IEEE, Control Syst Soc C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2978-3 PY 1996 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1109/ISIC.1996.556214 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BG44Z UT WOS:A1996BG44Z00047 ER PT B AU Stoker, CR Barch, D Farmer, J Flagg, M Healy, T Tengdin, T Thomas, H Schwer, K Stakes, D AF Stoker, CR Barch, D Farmer, J Flagg, M Healy, T Tengdin, T Thomas, H Schwer, K Stakes, D GP IEEE TI Exploration of Mono Lake with an ROV: A prototype experiment for the MAPS AUV program SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SYMPOSIUM ON AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Symposium on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology (AUV 96) CY JUN 02-06, 1996 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, Ocean Engn Soc C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3186-9 PY 1996 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1109/AUV.1996.532398 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF91Z UT WOS:A1996BF91Z00006 ER PT B AU Wright, J Scott, K Chao, TH Lau, B AF Wright, J Scott, K Chao, TH Lau, B GP IEEE TI Multi-sensor data fusion for seafloor mapping and ordnance location SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SYMPOSIUM ON AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Symposium on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology (AUV 96) CY JUN 02-06, 1996 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, Ocean Engn Soc DE underwater vehicles; multi-sensor fusion; data mining; data visualization C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3186-9 PY 1996 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1109/AUV.1996.532414 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF91Z UT WOS:A1996BF91Z00022 ER PT B AU Gat, E AF Gat, E GP IEEE TI Conditional sequencing for land, space and sea SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 SYMPOSIUM ON AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Symposium on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology (AUV 96) CY JUN 02-06, 1996 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, Ocean Engn Soc C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91107. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3186-9 PY 1996 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.1109/AUV.1996.532836 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF91Z UT WOS:A1996BF91Z00028 ER PT S AU Lee, E Loparo, KA Quinn, RD AF Lee, E Loparo, KA Quinn, RD GP IEEE TI A nonlinear bang-bang impact force control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 11-13, 1996 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Inst Syst Control & Informat Engineers, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Operat Res Soc Amer AB For stabilization of a robot manipulator upon collision with a stiff environment, a nonlinear bang-bang impact controller is developed. It uses a robust impedance/time delay control algorithm with negative force feedback to absorb impact forces and stabilize the system. This control input alternates with zero when no environment force is sensed due to loss of contact. This alternation of control action repeats until the impact transient subsides and steady state is established. After impact transient, proportional-derivative force control is used. The bang-bang control method provides stable interaction between the robot with severe nonlinear joint friction and a stiff environment and achieves rapid response while minimizing force overshoots. It is shown via simulations that overall controlled performance is comparable or superior to existing techniques of impact force control. RP Lee, E (reprint author), UNIV HOUSTON,NASA,JOHNSON SPACE CTR,TEXAS CTR SUPERCONDUCT,HOUSTON,TX 77204, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-3591-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 1996 BP 1967 EP 1973 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH27F UT WOS:A1996BH27F00429 ER PT S AU BarItzhack, IY Hershkowitz, D Rodman, L AF BarItzhack, IY Hershkowitz, D Rodman, L GP IEEE TI Pointing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 11-13, 1996 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Inst Syst Control & Informat Engineers, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Operat Res Soc Amer AB In this work we treat the following problem. Given two vectors of same length, find an orthogonal transformation that transforms one to the other. This problem arises in different engineering categories. In particular, this problem arises in aerospace engineering where it is called pointing problem. In this paper we establish the theoretical background of the pointing problem in a and thus also in 3-D. We give a straightforward solution to this problem, but since it is not unique we widen the scope of the problem, define the notions of minimal pointing and optimal pointing, and require that the sought matrix be, not only orthogonal, but also a minimal, or an optimal, pointing. We then give an illustrative solution in 3-D and then extend the solution to n-D using two different approaches which we present and prove. Several examples are given in 3-D and 4-D. The 3-D examples are used to illustrate the characteristics of the solution. RP BarItzhack, IY (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,FLIGHT MECH BRANCH,CODE 552,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-3591-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 1996 BP 3139 EP 3144 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH27F UT WOS:A1996BH27F00680 ER PT S AU Melody, JW Neat, GW AF Melody, JW Neat, GW GP IEEE TI Integrated modeling methodology validation using the micro-precision interferometer testbed SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 11-13, 1996 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Inst Syst Control & Informat Engineers, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Operat Res Soc Amer AB This paper validates the integrated modeling methodology used for design and performance evaluation of complex opto-mechanical systems, particularly spaceborne interferometers. The methodology integrates structural modeling, optical modeling, and control system design into a common environment, the Integrated Modeling of Optical Systems (IMOS) software package. The validation utilized the Micro-Precision Interferometer (MPI) testbed, a ground-based full-scale hardware model of a spaceborne interferometer. This paper presents a comparison of integrated model predictions with MPI laboratory measurements, indicating that the integrated modeling methodology has the accuracy required to evaluate interferometry mission designs with confidence. RP Melody, JW (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-3591-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 1996 BP 4222 EP 4227 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH27F UT WOS:A1996BH27F00898 ER PT S AU Mesbahi, M Papavassilopoulos, GP AF Mesbahi, M Papavassilopoulos, GP GP IEEE TI LMIs, interior point methods, complexity theory, and robustness analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 11-13, 1996 CL KOBE, JAPAN SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Inst Syst Control & Informat Engineers, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Operat Res Soc Amer AB Let de be a measure of the relative stability of a stable dynamical system Sigma. Let tau(A(Sigma)) be a measure of the computational efficiency of a particular algorithm A which verifies the stability property of Sigma. For two representative cases of Sigma, we demonstrate the existence of a particular measure delta(Sigma) and an algorithm A such that, delta(Sigma)tau(A(Sigma)) = c where c depends possibly on the dimension of the system Sigma and parameters which are specific to the algorithm A, but independent of any other system characteristics. In particular, given Sigma and A, one can estimate delta(Sigma) by measuring tau(A(Sigma)). RP Mesbahi, M (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-3591-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 1996 BP 4625 EP 4630 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH27F UT WOS:A1996BH27F00981 ER PT B AU Gambles, JW Maki, GK AF Gambles, JW Maki, GK BE Cameron, G Hassoun, M Jerdee, A Melvin, C TI Rad-tolerant flight VLSI from commercial foundries SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 18-21, 1996 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, SCHERMAN CONTINUING EDUC BLDG, AMES, IA SP Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc HO IOWA STATE UNIV, SCHERMAN CONTINUING EDUC BLDG AB This paper reviews techniques which have been used to protect CMOS circuits from the deleterious effects of the natural space radiation environment. Three custom flight VLSI processors have been designed and fabricated at commercial foundries. A program has been initiated to provide this radiation-tolerant VLSI technology to designers of Application Specific Integrated Circuits. RP Gambles, JW (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,CTR MICROELECT RES,NASA,INST ADV MICROELECT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3637-2 PY 1996 BP 1227 EP 1230 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH59C UT WOS:A1996BH59C00268 ER PT B AU Hajj, G Romans, L AF Hajj, G Romans, L GP INST NAVIGAT TI Ionospheric mapping with the GPS/MET SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 52ND ANNUAL MEETING - THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION: NAVIGATIONAL TECHNOLOGY FOR THE 3RD MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation on Navigational Technology for the 3rd Millenium CY JUN 19-21, 1996 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Inst Navigat AB The GPS/MET experiment, which placed a GPS receiver in a low-Earth orbit tracking the GPS in an occultation geometry, has collected thousands of occultations since its launch in April of 1995. Each occultation can be inverted to give an electron density profile in the ionosphere, temperature and pressure profiles in the lower mesosphere, stratosphere and upper troposphere, and water vapor density profiles in the lower troposphere. This paper gives a summary of the ionospheric effects on the GPS/MET signal and examines some of the retrieved electron density profiles. We examine the bending induced by the ionosphere on the occulting signal and the resulting separation of the two GPS links corresponding to the L1 and L2 phase signals. We also examine the amplitude scintillation caused by sharp layers at the bottom of the ionosphere. We briefly describes the Abel inversion method for obtaining the index of refraction and show several examples of electron density profiles and comparisons to profiles derived from the Parametrized Ionospheric Model (PIM) and to incoherent scatter radar measurements. RP Hajj, G (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,TRACKING SYST & APPLICAT SECT,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 PY 1996 BP 539 EP 545 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BJ47X UT WOS:A1996BJ47X00059 ER PT B AU Callahan, J Ramakrishnan, S AF Callahan, J Ramakrishnan, S GP IEEE, COMP SOC TI Software project management and measurement on the World-Wide-Web (WWW) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH WORKSHOPS ON ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES: INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COLLABORATIVE ENTERPRISES (WET ICE '96) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshops on Enabling Technologies - Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE 96) CY JUN 19-21, 1996 CL STANFORD, CA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, W Virginia Univ, Concurrent Engn Res Ctr, IEEE, Commun Soc, ACM SIGOIS C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,IV&V FACIL,NASA,FAIRMONT,WV 26554. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7445-8 PY 1996 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1109/ENABL.1996.555182 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG43J UT WOS:A1996BG43J00025 ER PT B AU Krishnamurthy, R Woods, DM Chandra, S AF Krishnamurthy, R Woods, DM Chandra, S BE Lee, GK TI Numerical study of mixing in hypervelocity flows SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Computer Applications in Industry and Engineering CY DEC 11-13, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Soc Comp & Applicat AB Results are reported from an analysis of data obtained with a combustor model tested in the new pulse facility at California Institute of Technology. Data analysis was performed using the numerical code GASP. Comparisons were drawn between the predictions of the algebraic Baldwin-Lomax and the two equation k-epsilon turbulence models. It is concluded that the use of the simpler Baldwin-Lomax model is sufficient as it saves computational resources and yields adequate predictions, for the conditions considered here. C1 N Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, NASA, Ctr Res Excellence, Coll Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, R (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, NASA, Ctr Res Excellence, Coll Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-18-8 PY 1996 BP 32 EP 35 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BP27P UT WOS:000084550000008 ER PT J AU Crippen, RE Blom, RG AF Crippen, RE Blom, RG GP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN TI Detection, measurement, visualization, and analysis of seismic crustal deformation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH THEMATIC CONFERENCE: GEOLOGIC REMOTE SENSING - PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR REAL WORLD PROBLEMS, VOL I SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON GEOLOGIC REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Thematic Conference on Applied Geologic Remote Sensing CY FEB 27-29, 1996 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Environm Res Inst Michigan, Geophys & Environm Res Corp, NASA, RadarSat Int, US DOE, Nevada Operat Off, US DOE, Remote Sensing Lab, US Geol Survey C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 SN 1067-0106 J9 PR THEMAT CONF GEOL PY 1996 BP 298 EP 298 PG 1 WC Engineering, Petroleum; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BF12D UT WOS:A1996BF12D00032 ER PT J AU Ritter, N Bryant, N AF Ritter, N Bryant, N GP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN TI An optimal vertical reference plane correction algorithm for multi-source digital elevation models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH THEMATIC CONFERENCE - GEOLOGIC REMOTE SENSING: PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR REAL WORLD PROBLEMS, VOL II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON GEOLOGIC REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Thematic Conference on Applied Geologic Remote Sensing CY FEB 27-29, 1996 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Environm Res Inst Michigan, Geophys & Environm Res Corp, NASA, RadarSat Int, US DOE, Nevada Operat Off, US DOE, Remote Sensing Lab, US Geol Survey C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,CARTOG APPLICAT GRP,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 SN 1067-0106 J9 PR THEMAT CONF GEOL PY 1996 BP 64 EP 72 PG 9 WC Engineering, Petroleum; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BF12E UT WOS:A1996BF12E00008 ER PT J AU Ritter, N Ruth, M AF Ritter, N Ruth, M GP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN TI The geotiff data interchange standard for raster geographic images SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH THEMATIC CONFERENCE - GEOLOGIC REMOTE SENSING: PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR REAL WORLD PROBLEMS, VOL II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE THEMATIC CONFERENCE ON GEOLOGIC REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Thematic Conference on Applied Geologic Remote Sensing CY FEB 27-29, 1996 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Environm Res Inst Michigan, Geophys & Environm Res Corp, NASA, RadarSat Int, US DOE, Nevada Operat Off, US DOE, Remote Sensing Lab, US Geol Survey C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,CARTOG APPLICAT GRP,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 SN 1067-0106 J9 PR THEMAT CONF GEOL PY 1996 BP 589 EP 598 PG 10 WC Engineering, Petroleum; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BF12E UT WOS:A1996BF12E00073 ER PT S AU Short, JW Harris, PM AF Short, JW Harris, PM BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Chemical sampling and analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in near-surface seawater of Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 17 EP 28 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00002 ER PT S AU Short, JW Harris, PM AF Short, JW Harris, PM BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Petroleum hydrocarbons in caged mussels deployed in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 29 EP 39 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00003 ER PT S AU Short, JW Sale, DM Gibeaut, JC AF Short, JW Sale, DM Gibeaut, JC BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Nearshore transport of hydrocarbons and sediments after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 40 EP 60 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00004 ER PT S AU OClair, CE Short, JW Rice, SD AF OClair, CE Short, JW Rice, SD BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Contamination of intertidal and subtidal sediments by oil from the Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 61 EP 93 PG 33 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00005 ER PT S AU Short, JW Jackson, TJ Larsen, ML Wade, TL AF Short, JW Jackson, TJ Larsen, ML Wade, TL BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Analytical methods used for the analysis of hydrocarbons in crude oil, tissues, sediments, and seawater collected for the natural resources damage assessment of the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RI Wade, Terry/A-4012-2012 NR 0 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 140 EP 148 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00009 ER PT S AU Short, JW Babcock, MM AF Short, JW Babcock, MM BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Prespill and postspill concentrations of hydrocarbons in mussels and sediments in Prince William Sound SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY FISHERIES LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 149 EP 166 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00010 ER PT S AU Babcock, MM Irvine, GV Harris, PM Cusick, JA Rice, SD AF Babcock, MM Irvine, GV Harris, PM Cusick, JA Rice, SD BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Persistence of oiling in mussel beds three and four years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 286 EP 297 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00018 ER PT S AU Harris, PM Rice, SD Babcock, MM Brodersen, CC AF Harris, PM Rice, SD Babcock, MM Brodersen, CC BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Within-bed distribution of Exxon Valdez crude oil in Prince William Sound blue mussels and underlying sediments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 298 EP 308 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00019 ER PT S AU Wertheimer, AC Celewycz, AG AF Wertheimer, AC Celewycz, AG BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Abundance and growth of juvenile pink salmon in oiled and non-oiled locations of western Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 518 EP 532 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00033 ER PT S AU Wertheimer, AC Bax, NJ Celewycz, AG Carls, MG Landingham, JH AF Wertheimer, AC Bax, NJ Celewycz, AG Carls, MG Landingham, JH BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Harpacticoid copepod abundance and population structure in Prince William Sound, one year after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RI Bax, Nicholas/A-2321-2012 OI Bax, Nicholas/0000-0002-9697-4963 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 551 EP 563 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00035 ER PT S AU Celewycz, AG Wertheimer, AC AF Celewycz, AG Wertheimer, AC BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Prey availability to juvenile salmon after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 564 EP 577 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00036 ER PT S AU Sturdevant, MV Wertheimer, AC Lum, JL AF Sturdevant, MV Wertheimer, AC Lum, JL BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Diets of juvenile pink and chum salmon in oiled and non-oiled nearshore habitats in Prince William Sound, 1989 and 1990 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 578 EP 592 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00037 ER PT S AU Carls, MG Wertheimer, AC Short, JW Smolowitz, RM Stegeman, JJ AF Carls, MG Wertheimer, AC Short, JW Smolowitz, RM Stegeman, JJ BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Contamination of juvenile pink and chum salmon by hydrocarbons in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 593 EP 607 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00038 ER PT S AU Carls, MG Holland, L Larsen, M Lum, JL Mortensen, DG Wang, SY Wertheimer, AC AF Carls, MG Holland, L Larsen, M Lum, JL Mortensen, DG Wang, SY Wertheimer, AC BE Rice, SD Spies, RB Wolfe, DA Wright, BA TI Growth, feeding, and survival of pink salmon fry exposed to food contaminated with crude oil SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium CY FEB 02-05, 1993 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Amer Fisheries Soc, Alaska Chapter, Alaska Sea Grant Program C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,ALASKA FISHHERIES SCI CTR,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-95-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 18 BP 608 EP 618 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology GA BG35Z UT WOS:A1996BG35Z00039 ER PT B AU Konchady, M AF Konchady, M GP IEEE TI Distributed supercomputing using ACTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY AUG 06-09, 1996 CL SYRACUSE, NY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Proc, NE Parallel Architectures Ctr, Syracuse Univ, New York State Ctr Adv technol Comp Applicat & Software Engn, Rome Lab C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GEN SCI CORP,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7582-9 PY 1996 BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1109/HPDC.1996.546186 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG43E UT WOS:A1996BG43E00020 ER PT B AU Reschke, C Sterling, T Ridge, D Savarese, D Becker, D Merkey, P AF Reschke, C Sterling, T Ridge, D Savarese, D Becker, D Merkey, P GP IEEE TI A design study of alternative network topologies for the Beowulf Parallel Workstation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY AUG 06-09, 1996 CL SYRACUSE, NY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Proc, NE Parallel Architectures Ctr, Syracuse Univ, New York State Ctr Adv technol Comp Applicat & Software Engn, Rome Lab C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CESDIS,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7582-9 PY 1996 BP 626 EP 635 DI 10.1109/HPDC.1996.546233 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG43E UT WOS:A1996BG43E00067 ER PT B AU Mosier, KL Skitka, JL Heers, ST AF Mosier, KL Skitka, JL Heers, ST GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGON SOC TI Automation bias, accountability, and verification behaviors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY - 40TH ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2: HUMAN CENTERED TECHNOLOGY - KEY TO THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society 40th Annual Meeting on Human Centered Technology - Key to the Future CY 1996 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc C1 SAN JOSE STATE UNIV FDN,NASA,AMES RES CTR,SAN JOSE,CA. OI Skitka, Linda/0000-0002-7078-0650 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-06-5 PY 1996 BP 204 EP 208 PG 5 WC Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BG25A UT WOS:A1996BG25A00039 ER PT B AU Schutte, PC Trujillo, AC AF Schutte, PC Trujillo, AC GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGON SOC TI Flight crew task management in non-normal situations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY - 40TH ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2: HUMAN CENTERED TECHNOLOGY - KEY TO THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society 40th Annual Meeting on Human Centered Technology - Key to the Future CY 1996 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-06-5 PY 1996 BP 244 EP 248 PG 5 WC Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BG25A UT WOS:A1996BG25A00047 ER PT B AU Battiste, V Downs, M McCann, RS AF Battiste, V Downs, M McCann, RS GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGON SOC TI Advanced taxi map display design for low-visibility operations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY - 40TH ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2: HUMAN CENTERED TECHNOLOGY - KEY TO THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society 40th Annual Meeting on Human Centered Technology - Key to the Future CY 1996 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-06-5 PY 1996 BP 997 EP 1001 PG 5 WC Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BG25A UT WOS:A1996BG25A00190 ER PT B AU Ellis, SR Menges, BM AF Ellis, SR Menges, BM GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGON SOC TI Effects of age on the judged distance to virtual objects in the near visual field SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY - 40TH ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2: HUMAN CENTERED TECHNOLOGY - KEY TO THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society 40th Annual Meeting on Human Centered Technology - Key to the Future CY 1996 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-06-5 PY 1996 BP 1197 EP 1201 PG 5 WC Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BG25A UT WOS:A1996BG25A00231 ER PT B AU Lutz, RR Woodhouse, RM AF Lutz, RR Woodhouse, RM GP IEEE TI Experience report: Contributions of SFMEA to requirements analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Requirements Engineering CY APR 15-18, 1996 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP IEEE, Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7252-8 PY 1996 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1109/ICRE.1996.491428 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BF64S UT WOS:A1996BF64S00007 ER PT B AU Bergman, L Yeh, C AF Bergman, L Yeh, C BE Gottlieb, A Li, Y Schenfeld, E TI Dynamic alignment of pulses in bit-parallel wavelength links using a shepherd pulse in nonlinear fibers for massively parallel processing computer networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MASSIVELY PARALLEL PROCESSING USING OPTICAL INTERCONNECTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Massively Parallel Processing Using Optical Interconnections (MPPOI 96) CY OCT 27-29, 1996 CL MAUI, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, Natl Sci Fdn, Assoc Comp Machinery SIGARCH, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer AB A new way to dynamically control in-flight pulses in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) single-mode fiber system is presented in this paper This system functionally resembles an optical fiber ribbon cable, except that all the bits pass on one fiber optic waveguide and that the bandwidth and bit temporal pulse alignment are much greater In a WDM fiber system, where pulses on different wavelength beams may cc-propagate in a single-mode fiber the cross phase modulation (CPM) effects caused by the nonlinearity of the optical fiber are unavoidable. In other words, pulses on different wavelength beams can interact with and affect each other through the intensity dependence of the refractive index of the fiber. Using this phenomenon, through the introduction of a shepherd pulse at a separate wavelength, it is possible to manipulate, 'color', and control pulses on co-propagating beams. How this can be accomplished will be demonstrated in this paper. RP Bergman, L (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7591-8 PY 1996 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1109/MPPOI.1996.559042 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BG68E UT WOS:A1996BG68E00010 ER PT B AU Monacos, SP Sawchuk, AA AF Monacos, SP Sawchuk, AA BE Gottlieb, A Li, Y Schenfeld, E TI A scalable recirculating shuffle network with deflection routing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MASSIVELY PARALLEL PROCESSING USING OPTICAL INTERCONNECTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Massively Parallel Processing Using Optical Interconnections (MPPOI 96) CY OCT 27-29, 1996 CL MAUI, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, Natl Sci Fdn, Assoc Comp Machinery SIGARCH, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer AB We describe a high-speed optical wide area network (WAN) architecture called the multi-cylinder ShuffleNet (MCSN). Its basic topology is a recirculating shuffle exchange network with an all-optical data path from source to destination. The network capacity and performance is improved by augmenting it with multiple parallel copies of the original topology called routing cylinders. This approach avoids the use of a global request/acknowledge mechanism by matching the rate at which packets can be input into the network to the rate at which packets can be transmitted through the network (without congestion). Packets are dynamically stored within the switching nodes (using only fixed delay line elements) and the links of the network, and congestion control within the network is handled by routing blocked packets onto alternative routing cylinders. The architecture is easily scalable, designed for bit-synchronous, packet asynchronous traffic and utilizes a simple distributed control scheme. Simulation results which demonstrate these features are given. RP Monacos, SP (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7591-8 PY 1996 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1109/MPPOI.1996.559062 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BG68E UT WOS:A1996BG68E00017 ER PT B AU Bresina, JL AF Bresina, JL GP AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TI Heuristic-Biased Stochastic Sampling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE EIGHTH INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 96) / 8th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI 96) CY AUG 04-08, 1996 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence AB This paper presents a search technique for scheduling problems, called Heuristic-Biased Stochastic Sampling (HBSS). The underlying assumption behind the HBSS approach is that strictly adhering to a search heuristic often does not yield the best solution and, therefore, exploration off the heuristic path can prove fruitful. Within the HBSS approach, the balance between heuristic adherence and exploration can be controlled according to the confidence one has in the heuristic. By varying this balance, encoded as a bias function, the HBSS approach encompasses a family of search algorithms of which greedy search and completely random search are extreme members. We present empirical results from an application of HBSS to the real-world problem of observation scheduling. These results show that with the proper bias function, it can be easy to outperform greedy search. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, IC Div, REcom Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bresina, JL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, IC Div, REcom Technol, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 14 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DR, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA BN 0-262-51091-X PY 1996 BP 271 EP 278 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BN59H UT WOS:000082323300041 ER PT B AU Kortenkamp, D Huber, E Bonasso, RP AF Kortenkamp, D Huber, E Bonasso, RP GP AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TI Recognizing and interpreting gestures on a mobile robot SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE EIGHTH INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 96) / 8th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI 96) CY AUG 04-08, 1996 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence AB Gesture recognition is an important skill for robots that work closely with humans. Gestures help to clarify spoken commands and are a compact means of relaying geometric information. We have developed a real-time, three-dimensional gesture recognition system that resides on-board a mobile robot. Using a coarse three-dimensional model of a human to guide stereo measurements of body parts, the system is capable of recognizing six distinct gestures made by an unadorned human in an unaltered environment. An active vision approach focuses the vision system's attention on small, moving areas of space to allow for frame rate processing even when the person and/or the robot are moving. This paper describes the gesture recognition system, including the coarse model and the active vision approach. This paper also describes how the gesture recognition system is integrated with an intelligent control architecture to allow for complex gesture interpretation and complex robot action. Results from experiments with an actual mobile robot are given. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Robot & Automat Grp, Metr Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kortenkamp, D (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Robot & Automat Grp, Metr Inc, ER2, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DR, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA BN 0-262-51091-X PY 1996 BP 915 EP 921 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BN59H UT WOS:000082323300136 ER PT B AU Williams, BC Nayak, PP AF Williams, BC Nayak, PP GP AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TI A model-based approach to reactive self-configuring systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE EIGHTH INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 96) / 8th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI 96) CY AUG 04-08, 1996 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence AB This paper describes Livingstone, an implemented kernel for a model-based reactive self-configuring autonomous system. It presents a formal characterization of Livingstone's representation formalism, and reports on our experience with the implementation in a variety of domains. Livingstone provides a reactive system that performs significant deduction in the sense/response loop by drawing on our past experience at building fast propositional conflict-based algorithms for model-based diagnosis, and by framing a model-based configuration manager as a propositional feedback controller that generates focused, optimal responses. Livingstone's representation formalism achieves broad coverage of hybrid hardware/software systems by coupling the transition system models underlying concurrent reactive languages with the qualitative representations developed in model-based reasoning. Livingstone automates a wide variety of tasks using a single model and a single core algorithm, thus making significant progress towards achieving a central goal of model-based reasoning. Livingstone, together with the HSTS planning and scheduling engine and the RAPS executive, has been selected as part of the core autonomy architecture for NASA's first New Millennium spacecraft. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Recom Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Recom Technol, MS 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM williams@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov; nayak@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC ADVANCEMENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI PALO ALTO PA 2275 E BAYSHORE RD, STE 160, PALO ALTO, CA 94303 USA BN 0-262-51091-X PY 1996 BP 971 EP 978 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BN59H UT WOS:000082323300144 ER PT B AU Rouquette, N AF Rouquette, N GP AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TI Building steady-state simulators via hierarchical feedback decomposition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE EIGHTH INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 96) / 8th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI 96) CY AUG 04-08, 1996 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence AB In recent years, compositional modeling and self explanatory simulation techniques have simplified the process of building dynamic simulators of physical systems. Building steady-state simulators is, conceptually, a simpler task consisting in solving a set algebraic equations. This simplicity hides delicate technical issues of convergence and search-space size due to the potentially large number of unknown parameters. We present an automated technique for reducing the dimensionality of the problem by 1) automatically identifying feedback loops (a generally NP-complete problem), 2) hierarchically decomposing the set of equations in terms of feedback loops, and 3) structuring a simulator where equations are solved either serially without search or in isolation within a feedback loop. This paper describes the key algorithms and the results of their implementation on building simulators for a two-phase evaporator loop system across multiple combinations of causal and non-causal approximations. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rouquette, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 525-3660, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DR, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA BN 0-262-51091-X PY 1996 BP 991 EP 997 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BN59H UT WOS:000082323300147 ER PT B AU Bonasso, P Dean, T AF Bonasso, P Dean, T GP AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TI Robots with AI: A retrospective on the AAAI robot competitions and exhibitions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE EIGHTH INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 96) / 8th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI 96) CY AUG 04-08, 1996 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence C1 NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Metr Inc, Houston, TX 77059 USA. RP Bonasso, P (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Metr Inc, Houston, TX 77059 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DR, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA BN 0-262-51091-X PY 1996 BP 1321 EP 1321 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BN59H UT WOS:000082323300195 ER PT S AU McCrory, E Allen, L Popovic, M Schmidt, CW AF McCrory, E Allen, L Popovic, M Schmidt, CW BE Hill, C Vretenar, M TI Longitudinal emittance from the Fermilab 400 MeV Linac SO PROCEEEDINGS OF THE XVIII INTERNATIONAL LINEAR ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIII International Linear Accelerator Conference CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP Alge Elektr AG, Leclanche Capacitors, Olivetti SA, Salzgeber Mechatron, Telsa Electr SA, VAT Vakuumventile AG, CERN, Commune Meyrin, Govt Republic & Canton Geneva AB The measurements which characterize the longitudinal emittance of the Fermilab 400 MeV Linac beam are presented. These measurements are made by determining the momentum spread and the bunch length of the beam using wall-current monitors, bunch length detectors and spectrometer. RP McCrory, E (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-093-X J9 CERN REPORT PY 1996 VL 96 IS 7 BP 332 EP 334 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BH13T UT WOS:A1996BH13T00094 ER PT S AU McCrory, E Popovic, M Schmidt, CW Young, P AF McCrory, E Popovic, M Schmidt, CW Young, P BE Hill, C Vretenar, M TI Emittance measurement techniques used in the 1 MeV RFQ for the PET isotope linac at Fermilab SO PROCEEEDINGS OF THE XVIII INTERNATIONAL LINEAR ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIII International Linear Accelerator Conference CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP Alge Elektr AG, Leclanche Capacitors, Olivetti SA, Salzgeber Mechatron, Telsa Electr SA, VAT Vakuumventile AG, CERN, Commune Meyrin, Govt Republic & Canton Geneva AB Beam emittance measurements have been performed on the He-3(+) beam at the PET-isotope production accelerator, being commissioned at Fermilab for the Biomedical Research Foundation in Shreveport, Louisiana, USA. Emittances have been measured at injection to and extraction from the first RFQ, at 20 keV and 1 MeV, respectively. A single slit followed by a 48-electrode collector is used in the standard way to measure the divergence of the He-3(+) beam as a function of position. Noise reduction operations have been developed, both in hardware and software. These techniques and the emittance measurement results are presented. RP McCrory, E (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-093-X J9 CERN REPORT PY 1996 VL 96 IS 7 BP 335 EP 337 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics; Physics GA BH13T UT WOS:A1996BH13T00095 ER PT B AU Eckel, AJ Cawley, JD AF Eckel, AJ Cawley, JD BE Stoloff, NS Jones, RH TI Hydrogen and oxygen effects on composites containing a continuous carbon phase SO PROCESSING AND DESIGN ISSUES IN HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on Processing and Design Issues in High Temperature Materials CY MAY 19-24, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP AFOSR, Asea Brown Boveri - Power Generat Ltd, Pacific NW Natl Lab, GKSS, ONR, US DOE, TMS ID WOVEN C/SIC COMPOSITES; OXIDATION MECHANISMS; KINETICS AB Carbon is frequently present in advanced materials in the form of fibers or an interphase layer on other materials/fibers. A great deal of work has been performed in recent years on the oxidation of these emerging materials, however, there is currently little in the open literature on the effects of high temperature gaseous hydrogen exposures. The differences and similarities between carbon reacting with oxygen and hydrogen are presented. The focus of the presentation is on the analytical solutions of gas phase diffusion controlled kinetics. Reaction rate, reaction sequence, oxidant partial pressure, total system pressure, pore/crack dimensions, and temperature are analyzed with respect to the influence of each on an overall linear-parabolic rate relationship. The analytical solutions are compared to the literature and experimental results for carbon-containing composites. C1 NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Eckel, AJ (reprint author), NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-357-0 PY 1996 BP 331 EP 341 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM46X UT WOS:000078833700026 ER PT B AU Srinidhi, SM Brooks, DE Lin, SC Lopez, I AF Srinidhi, SM Brooks, DE Lin, SC Lopez, I BE Wedemeyer, DJ Nickelson, R TI Remote engine inlet simulation over ACTS: Why aren't we there yet? SO PTC '96 - 18TH ANNUAL PACIFIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Pacific Telecommunications Conference (PTC 96) CY JAN 14-18, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AT&T, AT&T Submarine Syst Inc C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,STERLING SOFTWARE US INC,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS COUNCIL PI HONOLULU PA 2454 S BERETANIA ST, SUITE 302, HONOLULU, HI 96826 PY 1996 BP 737 EP 742 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BF24F UT WOS:A1996BF24F00104 ER PT B AU Hoder, D Zernic, M AF Hoder, D Zernic, M BE Wedemeyer, DJ Nickelson, R TI Satellite delivery of wideband services by ACTS SO PTC '96 - 18TH ANNUAL PACIFIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Pacific Telecommunications Conference (PTC 96) CY JAN 14-18, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AT&T, AT&T Submarine Syst Inc C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS COUNCIL PI HONOLULU PA 2454 S BERETANIA ST, SUITE 302, HONOLULU, HI 96826 PY 1996 BP 743 EP 751 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BF24F UT WOS:A1996BF24F00105 ER PT B AU Bergman, LA Edelson, B Helm, N Pearman, J West, R Gargione, F AF Bergman, LA Edelson, B Helm, N Pearman, J West, R Gargione, F BE Wedemeyer, DJ Nickelson, R TI Remote high definition video post-production over a High Data Rate Satellite: The US network architecture SO PTC '96 - 18TH ANNUAL PACIFIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Pacific Telecommunications Conference (PTC 96) CY JAN 14-18, 1996 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AT&T, AT&T Submarine Syst Inc C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS COUNCIL PI HONOLULU PA 2454 S BERETANIA ST, SUITE 302, HONOLULU, HI 96826 PY 1996 BP 760 EP 765 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BF24F UT WOS:A1996BF24F00107 ER PT B AU Baykal, A Alpar, A AF Baykal, A Alpar, A BE Johnston, S Walker, MA Bailes, M TI Expectancy of large pulsar glitches SO PULSARS: PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 160 on Pulsars - Problems and Progress CY JAN 08-12, 1996 CL UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union, Austr Telescope Natl Fac, Res Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Mt Stromlo & Sliding Springs Observ, Anglo Austr Observ, Int Union Radio Sci, Donovan Trust HO UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS AB We study the expectancy of large glitches (Delta Omega/Omega > 10(-7)) from a sample of 472 pulsars other than the Vela pulsar. The pulsars in this sample have exhibited 20 large glitches. In the sample the total observation span is larger than 2000 pulsar years. We assume that all pulsars experience such glitches, with rates that depend on the pulsars' rotation rate and spin-down rate, and on the glitch model. The superfluid vortex unpinning model gives good agreement with the observed distribution of glitches and with the parameter values deduced for the Vela pulsar glitches. C1 MIDDLE E TECH UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TR-06531 ANKARA,TURKEY. RP Baykal, A (reprint author), NASA,NRC RESIDENT RES ASSOCIATE,NAS,LHEA,GSFC,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-25-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 105 BP 105 EP 106 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BH18U UT WOS:A1996BH18U00030 ER PT B AU Dolan, JF Boyd, PT Hill, RJ GrahamSmith, F Lyne, AG Biggs, JD Percival, JW Robinson, EL vanCitters, GW AF Dolan, JF Boyd, PT Hill, RJ GrahamSmith, F Lyne, AG Biggs, JD Percival, JW Robinson, EL vanCitters, GW BE Johnston, S Walker, MA Bailes, M TI The polarization of the Crab pulsar with HST SO PULSARS: PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 160 on Pulsars - Problems and Progress CY JAN 08-12, 1996 CL UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union, Austr Telescope Natl Fac, Res Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Mt Stromlo & Sliding Springs Observ, Anglo Austr Observ, Int Union Radio Sci, Donovan Trust HO UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS RP Dolan, JF (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-25-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 105 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BH18U UT WOS:A1996BH18U00092 ER PT B AU Thompson, DJ AF Thompson, DJ BE Johnston, S Walker, MA Bailes, M TI Recent gamma-ray observations SO PULSARS: PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 160 on Pulsars - Problems and Progress CY JAN 08-12, 1996 CL UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union, Austr Telescope Natl Fac, Res Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Mt Stromlo & Sliding Springs Observ, Anglo Austr Observ, Int Union Radio Sci, Donovan Trust HO UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS AB With the results from the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, multiwavelength pulsar studies have taken on new importance. RP Thompson, DJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012 OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-25-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 105 BP 307 EP 314 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BH18U UT WOS:A1996BH18U00094 ER PT B AU Harding, AK AF Harding, AK BE Johnston, S Walker, MA Bailes, M TI Gamma-ray pulsar emission models SO PULSARS: PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 160 on Pulsars - Problems and Progress CY JAN 08-12, 1996 CL UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union, Austr Telescope Natl Fac, Res Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Mt Stromlo & Sliding Springs Observ, Anglo Austr Observ, Int Union Radio Sci, Donovan Trust HO UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS AB With the increased sensitivity of gamma-ray detectors on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) the number of presently known gamma-ray pulsars has grown. The new detections are beginning: to provide clues to the origin of the high-energy radiation in the form of emerging patterns and correlations among observed quantities such as gamma-ray efficiency and spectral index vs. age. But there are still many questions about the location of the emission and its relation to the radio, optical and X-ray pulses. This paper will review models for gamma-ray emission from pulsars and will examine how well the detailed predictions of these models account for the existing observations. RP Harding, AK (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 661,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-25-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 105 BP 315 EP 322 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BH18U UT WOS:A1996BH18U00095 ER PT B AU Harding, AK Baring, MG AF Harding, AK Baring, MG BE Johnston, S Walker, MA Bailes, M TI The attenuation of hard gamma-rays in strongly-magnetised pulsars SO PULSARS: PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 160 on Pulsars - Problems and Progress CY JAN 08-12, 1996 CL UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union, Austr Telescope Natl Fac, Res Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Mt Stromlo & Sliding Springs Observ, Anglo Austr Observ, Int Union Radio Sci, Donovan Trust HO UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS AB We investigate the spectral attenuation due to one-photon pair production and photon splitting in neutron star magnetospheres. The calculations are performed in a Schwarzschild metric, thereby including redshift and field enhancement effects associated with curved spacetime. We find that pair production and splitting totally inhibit emission above around 10-30 MeV in PSR1509-58, whose surface field is inferred to be as high as 3 x 10(13) Gauss. Model pulsar spectra of splitting cascades for high field cases, where splitting is important, are consistent with the very low cutoff energy in PSR1509-58 for a wide range of polar cap sizes. RP Harding, AK (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 661,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-25-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 105 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BH18U UT WOS:A1996BH18U00102 ER PT B AU Kaspi, VM AF Kaspi, VM BE Johnston, S Walker, MA Bailes, M TI Classical spin-orbit coupling and periastron advance in PSR J0045-7319 SO PULSARS: PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 160 on Pulsars - Problems and Progress CY JAN 08-12, 1996 CL UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union, Austr Telescope Natl Fac, Res Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Mt Stromlo & Sliding Springs Observ, Anglo Austr Observ, Int Union Radio Sci, Donovan Trust HO UNIV SYDNEY, RES CTR THEORET ASTROPHYS AB Radio timing observations of the SMC binary pulsar PSR J0045-7319 show, for the first time in a binary pulsar, that classical spin-orbit coupling and periastron advance are occurring. From the observations, the angle theta between the B star spin axis and the orbital angular momentum is constrained to be 25 degrees < theta < 41 degrees (Kaspi et al. 1996b). Under the conventional assumption that the pre-supernova angular momenta were aligned, this provides direct evidence for an asymmetric supernova explosion. In addition, a large, unexpected orbital decay is observed in the system. RP Kaspi, VM (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,IPAC,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-25-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 105 BP 531 EP 532 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BH18U UT WOS:A1996BH18U00144 ER PT J AU Guelachvili, G Birk, M Borde, CJ Brault, JW Brown, LR Carli, B Cole, ARH Evenson, KM Fayt, A Hausamann, D Johns, JWC Kauppinen, J Kou, Q Maki, AG Rao, KN Toth, RA Urban, W Valentin, A Verges, J Wagner, G Wappelhorst, MH Wells, JS Winnewisser, BP Winnewisser, M AF Guelachvili, G Birk, M Borde, CJ Brault, JW Brown, LR Carli, B Cole, ARH Evenson, KM Fayt, A Hausamann, D Johns, JWC Kauppinen, J Kou, Q Maki, AG Rao, KN Toth, RA Urban, W Valentin, A Verges, J Wagner, G Wappelhorst, MH Wells, JS Winnewisser, BP Winnewisser, M TI High resolution wavenumber standards for the infrared SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HETERODYNE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS; (CO)-C-12-O-16 LASER TRANSITIONS; ACCURATE ROTATIONAL-CONSTANTS; CARBONYL SULFIDE; LINE POSITIONS; MOLECULAR-CONSTANTS; MU-M; CALIBRATION TABLES; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND; DIODE-LASER AB The calibration of high resolution infrared spectra is generally more precise than accurate. This is the case even when they are recorded with Fourier transform interferometers. The present document aims at improving the accuracy of wavenumber measurements in the infrared by recommending a selection of spectral lines as wavenumber standards for absolute calibration in the range from about 4 to about 7000 cm(-1) The uncertainties of these wavenumber standards range from +/-1 x 10(-3) to +/-1 x 10(-6) cm(-1). Sources of frequency standards, on which the wavenumber determinations are based, are also given. C1 DLR,INST OPTOELECTR,D-82234 WURZBURG,GERMANY. UNIV PARIS 13,PHYS LASERS LAB,F-93430 VILLETANEUSE,FRANCE. NOAA,AERON LAB REAL5,BOULDER,CO 80303. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. CNR,IST RIC ONDE ELETTROMAGNET,I-50127 FLORENCE,ITALY. UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA,SCH CHEM,NEDLANDS,WA 6009,AUSTRALIA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN,MOLEC SPECT LAB,B-1348 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,STEACIE INST MOLEC SCI,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0R6,CANADA. UNIV TURKU,DEPT APPL PHYS,SF-20500 TURKU,FINLAND. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT CHEM,SEATTLE,WA 98195. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV PARIS 06,CNRS UPR 136,MOLEC PHYS LAB,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. LAB AIMEE COTTON,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. UNIV GIESSEN,INST PHYS CHEM,D-35392 GIESSEN,GERMANY. RP Guelachvili, G (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 11,CNRS UPR 136,MOLEC PHYS LAB,BATIMENT 350,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. NR 95 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 68 IS 1 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1351/pac199668010193 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TW414 UT WOS:A1996TW41400022 ER PT J AU Goody, R Abdou, W AF Goody, R Abdou, W TI Reversible and irreversible sources of radiation entropy SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric entropy; radiation; satellite observations ID CLIMATE AB We discuss two practical issues concerning the relationship between the entropies of the atmosphere and of the radiation field. The first is whether the radiative flux of entropy can be determined from a satellite with sufficient accuracy for climate studies. We conclude that an accuracy much better than 1% is required, but that this can be achieved in the thermal spectrum with spectrometers having spectral resolutions similar to 1 cm(-1); it is also possible that the required accuracy can be achieved with a non-spectral approach. The second is whether the rate of change of the atmospheric entropy inventory can be inferred from the outgoing radiative-entropy flux. We conclude that, for clear skies in the thermal region of the spectrum, the two are directly proportional, and that the atmospheric term can be inferred with useful accuracy from an empirical relation. C1 JET PROPULS LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 5 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 7LJ SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 122 IS 530 BP 483 EP 494 DI 10.1256/smsqj.53008 PN B PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA UA808 UT WOS:A1996UA80800008 ER PT B AU Kim, Y Hensley, S Veilleux, L Edelstein, W Lou, Y Burken, A Skotnicky, WF Sato, T Brown, W AF Kim, Y Hensley, S Veilleux, L Edelstein, W Lou, Y Burken, A Skotnicky, WF Sato, T Brown, W BE Ustach, GS TI Design considerations of GeoSAR SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology CY APR 08-09, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2128-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2747 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1117/12.243064 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG07V UT WOS:A1996BG07V00007 ER PT B AU Jordan, RL Caro, ER Kim, YJ Kobrick, M Shen, YS AF Jordan, RL Caro, ER Kim, YJ Kobrick, M Shen, YS BE Ustach, GS TI Design of shuttle radar topography mapper (SRTM) SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology CY APR 08-09, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE interferometry; radar interferometer; topography; remote sensing; scansar; synthetic aperture C1 JET PROPULS LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2128-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2747 BP 108 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.243069 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG07V UT WOS:A1996BG07V00012 ER PT B AU Johnston, AH Lee, CI Rax, BG Shaw, DC AF Johnston, AH Lee, CI Rax, BG Shaw, DC GP CNES TI Using commercial semiconductor technologies in space SO RADECS 95 - THIRD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Symposium on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 95) CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ARCACHON, FRANCE SP CNES, RADECS Assoc, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3093-5 PY 1996 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BG04Z UT WOS:A1996BG04Z00032 ER PT B AU LaBel, KA Hawkins, DK Kinnison, JA Stapor, WP Marshall, PW AF LaBel, KA Hawkins, DK Kinnison, JA Stapor, WP Marshall, PW GP CNES TI Single event effect characteristics of CMOS devices employing various epi-layer thicknesses SO RADECS 95 - THIRD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Symposium on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 95) CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ARCACHON, FRANCE SP CNES, RADECS Assoc, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3093-5 PY 1996 BP 258 EP 262 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BG04Z UT WOS:A1996BG04Z00045 ER PT B AU Moran, A LaBel, K Gates, M Seidleck, C McGraw, R Broida, M Firer, J Sprehn, S AF Moran, A LaBel, K Gates, M Seidleck, C McGraw, R Broida, M Firer, J Sprehn, S GP CNES TI Single event effect testing of the Intel 80386 family and the 80486 microprocessor SO RADECS 95 - THIRD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Symposium on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 95) CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ARCACHON, FRANCE SP CNES, RADECS Assoc, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3093-5 PY 1996 BP 263 EP 269 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BG04Z UT WOS:A1996BG04Z00046 ER PT B AU Katz, R Swift, G Shaw, D AF Katz, R Swift, G Shaw, D GP CNES TI Total dose responses of Actel 1020B and 1280A field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) SO RADECS 95 - THIRD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Symposium on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 95) CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ARCACHON, FRANCE SP CNES, RADECS Assoc, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3093-5 PY 1996 BP 412 EP 419 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BG04Z UT WOS:A1996BG04Z00070 ER PT B AU Swift, G Katz, R AF Swift, G Katz, R GP CNES TI An experimental survey of heavy ion induced dielectric rupture in Actel field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) SO RADECS 95 - THIRD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Symposium on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 95) CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL ARCACHON, FRANCE SP CNES, RADECS Assoc, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3093-5 PY 1996 BP 425 EP 430 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BG04Z UT WOS:A1996BG04Z00072 ER PT J AU Badhwar, GD Golightly, MJ Konradi, A Atwell, W Kern, JW Cash, B Benton, EV Frank, AL Sanner, D Keegan, RP Frigo, LA Petrov, VM Tchernykh, IV Akatov, YA Shurshakov, VA Arkhangelsky, VV Kushin, VV Klyachin, NA Vana, N Schoner, W AF Badhwar, GD Golightly, MJ Konradi, A Atwell, W Kern, JW Cash, B Benton, EV Frank, AL Sanner, D Keegan, RP Frigo, LA Petrov, VM Tchernykh, IV Akatov, YA Shurshakov, VA Arkhangelsky, VV Kushin, VV Klyachin, NA Vana, N Schoner, W TI In-flight radiation measurements on STS-60 SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article ID SPACE AB A joint investigation between the United States and Russia to study the radiation environment inside the Space Shuttle flight STS-60 was carried out as part of the Shuttle-Mir Science Program (Phase 1). This is the first direct comparison of a number of different dosimetric measurement techniques between the two countries. STS-60 was launched on 3 February 1994 in a nearly circular 57 degrees x 353 km orbit with five U.S. astronauts and one Russian cosmonaut for 8.3 days. A variety of instruments provided crew radiation exposure, absorbed doses at fixed locations, neutron fluence and dose equivalent, linear energy transfer (LET) spectra of trapped and galactic cosmic radiation, and energy spectra and angular distribution of trapped protons. In general, there is good agreement between the U.S. and Russian measurements. The AP8 Min trapped proton model predicts an average of 1.8 times the measured absorbed dose. The average quality factor determined from measured lineal energy, gamma, spectra using a tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC), is in good agreement with that derived from the high temperature peak in the (LiF)-Li-6 thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs). The radiation exposure in the mid-deck locker from neutrons below 1 MeV was 2.53 +/- 1.33 mu Sv/day. The absorbed dose rates measured using a tissue equivalent proportional counter, were 171.1 +/- 0.4 and 127.4 +/- 0.4 mu Gy/day for trapped particles and galactic cosmic rays, respectively. The combined dose rate of 298.5 +/- 0.82 mu Gy/day is about a factor of 1.4 higher than that measured using TLDs. The westward longitude drift of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is estimated to be 0.22 +/- 0.02 degrees/y. We evaluated the effects of spacecraft attitudes on TEPC dose rates due to the highly anisotropic low-earth orbit proton environment. Changes in spacecraft attitude resulted in dose-rate variations by factors of up to 2 at the location of the TEPC. C1 ROCKWELL SPACE SYST DIV,HOUSTON,TX 77058. LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,HOUSTON,TX 77058. UNIV SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PHYS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94117. INST BIOMED PROBLEMS,SPACE RADIAT SAFETY DEPT,MOSCOW 123007,RUSSIA. MOSCOW PHYS ENGN INST,MOSCOW 115409,RUSSIA. AUSTRIAN UNIV,ATOMINST,A-1020 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. RP Badhwar, GD (reprint author), NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,SPACE RADIAT ANAL GRP,HOUSTON,TX 77058, USA. NR 38 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 26 IS 1 BP 17 EP 34 DI 10.1016/1350-4487(95)00291-X PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN243 UT WOS:A1996TN24300003 PM 11539199 ER PT J AU Durante, M George, K Yang, TC AF Durante, M George, K Yang, TC TI Biological dosimetry by interphase chromosome painting SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; BLOOD-LYMPHOCYTES; CONDENSATION; TRANSLOCATIONS; CELLS; RADIOSENSITIVITY; FREQUENCY; INDUCTION AB Both fluorescence in situ hybridization of metaphase spreads with whole-chromosome probes and premature chromosome condensation in interphase nuclei have been used in the past to estimate the radiation dose to lymphocytes. We combined these techniques to evaluate the feasibility of using painted interphase chromosomes for biodosimetry. Human peripheral lymphocytes were exposed to gamma rays and fused to mitotic Chinese hamster cells either immediately after irradiation or after 8 h incubation at 37 degrees C. Interphase or metaphase human chromosomes were hybridized with a composite probe specific for human chromosomes 3 and 4. The dose-response curve for fragment induction immediately after irradiation was linear; these results reflected breakage frequency in the total genome in terms of DNA content per chromosome. At 8 h after irradiation, the dose-response curve for chromosome interchanges, the prevalent aberration in interphase chromosomes, was linear-quadratic and similar to that observed for metaphase chromosomes. These results suggest that painting prematurely condensed chromosomes can be useful for biological dosimetry when blood samples are available shortly after the exposure, or when interphase cells are to be scored instead of mitotic cells. (C) 1996 by Radiation Research Society C1 NASA, LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR, RADIAT BIOL LAB, HOUSTON, TX 77058 USA. NASA, LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR, KRUG LIFE SCI INC, HOUSTON, TX 77058 USA. RI Durante, Marco/K-1315-2014; OI Durante, Marco/0000-0002-4615-553X NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 145 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.2307/3579195 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TM491 UT WOS:A1996TM49100008 PM 8532837 ER PT B AU Guirado, JC Preston, RA Jones, DL Lestrade, JF Reynolds, JE Jauncey, DL Tzioumis, AK Ferris, RH King, EA Lovell, JEJ McCulloch, PM Johnston, KJ Kingham, KA Martin, JO White, GL Jones, PA AF Guirado, JC Preston, RA Jones, DL Lestrade, JF Reynolds, JE Jauncey, DL Tzioumis, AK Ferris, RH King, EA Lovell, JEJ McCulloch, PM Johnston, KJ Kingham, KA Martin, JO White, GL Jones, PA BE Taylor, AR Paredes, JM TI VLBI phase-referenced observations on Southern Hemisphere HIPPARCOS radio stars SO RADIO EMISSION FROM THE STARS AND THE SUN SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radio Emission from the Stars and the Sun CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Astron Soc Pacific, Brit Council, Inst Britanic, Comissionat Univ Recerca, CIRIT, Community European Solar Radio Astronomers, Direccion Gen Investigac Cientifica & Tecnica, Embajada Austr Espana, Fundacio Catalana Recerca, Int Sci Fdn, Int Union Radio Sci, Mazel Ingenieros S A, Oce Espana S A, Sociedad Espanola Astron, Univ Barcelona C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RI King, Edward/A-1473-2012 OI King, Edward/0000-0002-6898-2130 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-14-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 93 BP 318 EP 320 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BF32C UT WOS:A1996BF32C00072 ER PT J AU Linfield, RP Keihm, SJ Teitelbaum, LP Walter, SJ Mahoney, MJ Treuhaft, RN Skjerve, LJ AF Linfield, RP Keihm, SJ Teitelbaum, LP Walter, SJ Mahoney, MJ Treuhaft, RN Skjerve, LJ TI A test of water vapor radiometer-based troposphere calibration using very long baseline interferometry observations on a 21-km baseline SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; PATH-DELAY; INSTRUMENT; ASTROMETRY AB Simultaneous very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) and water vapor radiometer (WVR) measurements on a 21-km baseline showed that calibration by WVRs removed a significant fraction of the effect of tropospheric delay fluctuations: for these experiments. From comparison of the residual delay variations within scans and between scans, the total tropospheric contribution to the delay residuals for each of the three 5-20 hour sessions was estimated as 1%, 17%, and 10%, with the first value being very uncertain. The observed improvement in rms residual delay from WVR calibration during these three sessions was 4%, 16%, and 2%, respectively. The improvement is consistent with the estimated 2-3 mm path delay precision of current WVRs. The VLBI measurements of natural radio sources were conducted in April and May 1993 at Goldstone, California. Dual-frequency (2.3 and 8.4 GHz) observations were employed to remove the effects of charged particles from the data. Measurements with copointed WVRs, located within 50 m of the axis of each antenna, were performed to test the ability of the WVRs to calibrate line-of-sight path delays. Factors which made WVR performance assessment difficult included the facts that (1) the level of tropospheric fluctuations was smaller than is typical for Goldstone during these experiments, and (2) VLBI delay variations on longer timescales (i.e., over multiple scans) contained uncalibrated instrumental effects (probably a result of slow temperature variations in the VLBI hardware) that were larger than the tropospheric effects. RP Linfield, RP (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,238-700,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 129 EP 146 DI 10.1029/95RS02192 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA TT013 UT WOS:A1996TT01300010 ER PT J AU Kaufman, YJ Tanre, D AF Kaufman, YJ Tanre, D TI Strategy for direct and indirect methods for correcting the aerosol effect on remote sensing: From AVHRR to EOS-MODIS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTIONS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; AIR-POLLUTION; ALGORITHM; POLARIZATION; VARIABILITY; SCATTERING; ABSORPTION; RETRIEVAL; AIRBORNE AB Aerosol scatters solar radiation before it reaches the surface and scatters and absorbs it again after it is reflected from the surface and before it reaches the satellite sensor. The effect is spectrally and spatially dependent. Therefore, atmospheric aerosol (dust, smoke, and air pollution particles) has a significant effect on remote sensing. Correction for the aerosol effect on remote sensing of land areas was never achieved on an operational basis though several case studies were demonstrated. We distinguish between direct correction, in which the aerosol loading is derived from the image itself (or supplied from external sources) followed by correction of the image using an appropriate radiative transfer model, and indirect correction, achieved by defining remote sensing functions that are less dependent on the aerosol loading. To some degree this was already achieved in global remote sensing of vegetation where a composite of several days of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measurements, choosing the maximal value, was used instead of a single cloud-screened value. The atmospheric resistant vegetation index (ARVI) introduced recently for the Earth Observing System (EOS) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is the most appropriate example of indirect correction, where the index is defined in such a way that the atmospheric effect in a blue spectral channel cancels to a large degree the atmospheric effect in the red channel in computations of the vegetation index. Atmospheric corrections can also use aerosol climatology or simultaneous measurements with ground-based instrumentation. These aspects of aerosol studies and remote sensing are reviewed in this article. New advances in ground-based instrumentation and future satellite systems (including measurements of polarization) are discussed. In the conclusions a strategy is introduced for a combination of ground-based measurements, with direct and indirect corrections that is implemented for the EOS-MODIS and recommended for other similar platforms. Such strategy, planned in advance, is a first step to face the challenge and take advantage of the opportunities that the remote sensing community will face with the launch of EOS and ADEOS in the next several years. C1 CNRS,OPT ATMOSPHER LAB,VILLENEUVE DASCQ,FRANCE. UNIV SCI & TECH LILLE FLANDRES ARTOIS,VILLENEUVE DASCQ,FRANCE. RP Kaufman, YJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,CODE 913,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 57 TC 93 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 55 IS 1 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(95)00193-X PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA TZ164 UT WOS:A1996TZ16400006 ER PT J AU Carter, GA Jones, JH Mitchell, RJ Brewer, CH AF Carter, GA Jones, JH Mitchell, RJ Brewer, CH TI Detection of solar-excited chlorophyll a fluorescence and leaf photosynthetic capacity using a Fraunhofer Line Radiometer SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB A Fraunhofer, Line Radiometer (FLR) measured solar excited chlorophyll a fluorescence (F) as an indicator of photosynthetic capacity in leaves of Washingtonia robusta (palm) and Vitis vinifera (grape). Under clear skies, the FLR utilized the Fraunhofer line-depth principle (FLDP) to detect F within the O-2 absorption band centered at 687 nm wavelength. On 20 April, the morning after soils were treated with the photosystem II herbicide DCMU, F increased significantly (p = 0.05) in palm, while Leaf reflectance at 687 nm (R) did not change. By 21 April, leaf herbicide concentrations were lethal. Increased F and R in palm corresponded with net photosynthetic rates near zero. Photosynthesis in grape also decreased greatly, but F and R remained similar to the controls. Results for palm indicate that F could be measured while leaves remained exposed to full sunlight, and support earlier work to indicate a potential role for the FLDP in remotely sensing F and photosynthetic capacity. C1 UNIV LA VERNE,DEPT BIOL,LA VERNE,CA. UNIV LA VERNE,DEPT CHEM,LA VERNE,CA. JOSEPH W JONES ECOL RES CTR,NEWTON,GA. AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP Carter, GA (reprint author), NASA,EARTH OBSERVAT RES OFF,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA. NR 19 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 55 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(95)00192-1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA TZ164 UT WOS:A1996TZ16400008 ER PT J AU Kautz, HE AF Kautz, HE TI Acousto-ultrasonic decay in metal matrix composite panels SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article AB Acousto-ultrasonic (A-U) decay rates (UD) were measured in metal matrix composite (MMC) panels. The MMC panels had fiber architectures and cross-sectional thicknesses corresponding to those designed for aerospace turbine engine structures. The wavelength-to-thickness ratio produced by the combination of experimental frequency setting conditions and specimen geometry was found to be a key parameter for identifying optimum conditions for UD measurements. The ratio was shown to be a useful rule of thumb when applied to ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) and monolithic thermoplastics. No conjectures are presented as to the source of UD in undegraded MMCs such as those used in the present work. RP Kautz, HE (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1080/09349849608968104 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA UV455 UT WOS:A1996UV45500003 ER PT B AU Namkung, M AF Namkung, M BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Application of self-nulling eddy current probe and spin-off sensor technologies to airline industries and beyond SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. RI Namkung, Min/E-1533-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 1113 EP 1120 PN A&B PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00145 ER PT B AU Lih, SS BarCohen, Y Mal, AK AF Lih, SS BarCohen, Y Mal, AK BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Low frequency guided plate wave propagation in fiber reinforced composites SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 1175 EP 1182 PN A&B PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00153 ER PT B AU Cantrell, JH Yost, WT AF Cantrell, JH Yost, WT BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Nonlinear acoustic assessment of precipitation-induced coherency straws in aluminum alloy 2024 SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 15A AND 15B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45310-X J9 REV PROG Q PY 1996 VL 15 BP 1361 EP 1365 PN A&B PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF79A UT WOS:A1996BF79A00178 ER PT J AU Kenny, TW Reynolds, JK Podosek, JA Vote, EC Miller, LM Rockstad, HK Kaiser, WJ AF Kenny, TW Reynolds, JK Podosek, JA Vote, EC Miller, LM Rockstad, HK Kaiser, WJ TI Micromachined infrared sensors using tunneling displacement transducers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NOISE; MICROSCOPY; BOLOMETERS; SILICON AB Uncooled infrared sensors are important for a number of technological and scientific measurements. We have designed, built, and tested a new uncooled infrared sensor which is made by silicon micromachining. This infrared sensor uses a tunneling displacement transducer to detect the thermal expansion of a small volume of trapped gas. Prototype devices based on this design have been operated with NEP better than 3X10(-10) W root Hz at 25 Hz, which is competitive with the best comparably sized uncooled sensors available. This article will describe the design, fabrication, and operation of all elements of this sensor. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP Kenny, TW (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,DIV DESIGN,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 35 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 67 IS 1 BP 112 EP 128 DI 10.1063/1.1146559 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA TQ623 UT WOS:A1996TQ62300016 ER PT B AU Reed, B Biaglow, J Schneider, S AF Reed, B Biaglow, J Schneider, S BE Bryskin, BD TI Iridium-coated rhenium radiation-cooled rockets SO RHENIUM AND RHENIUM ALLOYS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Rhenium and Rhenium Alloys devoted to the 70th Anniversary of the Discovery of Rhenium, at the 1997 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 10-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, SMD Refractory Met Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, MDMD Powder Mat Comm AB Radiation-cooled rockets are used for a range of low thrust propulsion functions, including apogee insertion, attitude control, and repositioning of satellites, reaction control of launch vehicles, and primary propulsion for planetary spacecraft. The key to high performance and long lifetimes for radiation-cooled rockets is the chamber temperature capability. The material system that is currently used for radiation-cooled rockets, a niobium alloy (C103) with a fused silica coating, has a maximum operating temperature of 1370 degrees C. Temperature limitations of C103 rockets forces the use of fuel film cooling, which degrades rocket performance and, in some cases, imposes a plume contamination issue from unburned fuel. A material system composed of a rhenium (Re) substrate and an iridium (Ir) coating has demonstrated operation at high temperatures (2200 degrees C) and for long lifetimes (hours). The added thermal margin afforded by iridium-coated rhenium (Ir/Re) allows reduction or elimination of fuel film cooling. This, in turn, leads to higher performance and cleaner spacecraft environments. There are on-going government-and industry-sponsored efforts to develop fight Ir/Re engines, with the primary focus on 440-N, apogee insertion engines. Complementing these Ir/Re engine development efforts is a program to address specific concerns and fundamental characterization of the Ir/Re material system, including: 1) development of Ir/Re rocket fabrication methods; 2) establishment of critical Re mechanical property data; 3) development of reliable joining methods; and 4) characterization of Ir/Re life limiting mechanisms. C1 NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Reed, B (reprint author), NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-365-1 PY 1996 BP 443 EP 457 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK36M UT WOS:000071918000043 ER PT B AU Bejczy, AK AF Bejczy, AK GP IEEE TI Challenges of human-robot communication in telerobotics SO RO-MAN '96 - 5TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ROBOT AND HUMAN COMMUNICATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (RO-MAN 96) CY NOV 11-14, 1996 CL AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Robot Soc Japan, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, New Technol Fdn, Mech Engn Lab, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Neural Networks Council, IEEE R&A Soc Tech Comm Virtual Real Robot, Inst Electr Informat & Commun Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Informat Proc Soc Japan, Inst Image Electr Engineers Japan, Japan Soc Med Electr & Biol Engn, Japanese Psychol Assoc, Inst Televis Engineers Japan, Japanese Neural Network Soc, Japan Soc Fuzzy Theory & Syst, Japanese Soc Artificial Intelligence, Japan Ergon Res Soc, Soc Biomechanisms, Tsukuba EXPO 85 Mem Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu HO AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR AB Some general considerations are presented on bilateral human-telerobot control and information communication issues. Advances are reviewed related to the more conventional human-telerobot communication techniques, and some unconventional but promising communication methods are briefly discussed. Future needs and emerging application domains are briefly indicated. RP Bejczy, AK (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3253-9 PY 1996 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH08C UT WOS:A1996BH08C00001 ER PT J AU Cook, B Henderson, A Darby, S AF Cook, B Henderson, A Darby, S TI NASA's innovative developments in environmentally friendly manufacturing SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP Cook, B (reprint author), NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA TM864 UT WOS:A1996TM86400005 ER PT J AU Parkinson, CL AF Parkinson, CL TI Life in the ice SO SCIENCES-NEW YORK LA English DT Letter RP Parkinson, CL (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Parkinson, Claire/E-1747-2012 OI Parkinson, Claire/0000-0001-6730-4197 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0036-861X J9 SCIENCES JI Sci.-New York PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 48 EP 48 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TM392 UT WOS:A1996TM39200024 ER PT B AU Colgan, SWJ Erickson, EF Haas, MR Hollenbach, DJ Smith, HA Strelnitski, VS AF Colgan, SWJ Erickson, EF Haas, MR Hollenbach, DJ Smith, HA Strelnitski, VS BE Kingsley, SA Lemarchand, GA TI Detection of extrasolar far-infrared lasers SO SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE (SETI) IN THE OPTICAL SPECTRUM II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd International Conference on the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) in the Optical Spectrum (OSTI II) CY JAN 31-FEB 01, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE SETI; Optical SETI; astrophysical lasers; cosmic lasers; natural lasers C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RI Colgan, Sean/M-4742-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2078-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2704 BP 52 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.243441 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG01X UT WOS:A1996BG01X00007 ER PT B AU Gary, CK AF Gary, CK BE Alferov, ZI Gulyaev, YV Pape, DR TI The dependence of diffraction efficiency on storage density in digital holographic memory using bacteriorhodopsin SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Optical Information Processing CY JUN 17-21, 1996 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP St Petersburg State Acad Aerosp Instrumentat, St Petersburg Higher Fire Tech Sch, Russian Federat Higher Educ, State Comm, Minist Sci & Tech Policy Russia, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Municipal St Petersburg City, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Russia Chapter, Russian Acad Sci, A F Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Russian Acad Sci, Inst Radio Engn & Electr DE optical data storage; diffraction efficiency; optical memory; bacteriorhodopsin; holographic memory AB This paper reports preliminary measurements of the dependence of diffraction efficiency for individual holograms stored in bacteriorhodopsin (BR) on the total number of holograms present in the medium. BR is an organically derived photochromic material that is well suited for use in three dimensional digital holographic memory. Upon the absorption of photons BR shifts from a ground state with a peak absorption in the red to an excited state with a peak absorption in the blue. Thus images may be written and erased in BR by using different wavelength Light sources. Recent advances have led to the ability to permanently store volume holograms in BR films with the ability to repeatedly read, write and erase these holograms. One of the critical parameters that will determine the density of information contained in a BR-holographic memory is the decay of the diffraction efficiency, and thus read-out signal to noise ratio, for individual holograms as other holograms are written into the same space. The diffraction efficiency appears to depend exponentially on the number of holograms for low exposures and vary as a slower exponential or the inverse of the number of holograms for Large exposures. RP Gary, CK (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MAIL STOP 269-3,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2375-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2969 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.1117/12.262629 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BH07F UT WOS:A1996BH07F00005 ER PT S AU Good, BS Chubb, DL Lowe, RA AF Good, BS Chubb, DL Lowe, RA BE Benner, JP Coutts, TJ Ginley, DS TI Comparison of selective emitter and filter thermophotovoltaic systems SO SECOND NREL CONFERENCE ON THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd NREL Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity CY JUL, 1995 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP NREL, US DOE C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-509-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 358 BP 16 EP 34 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BE91N UT WOS:A1996BE91N00002 ER PT S AU Chubb, DL Good, BS Lowe, RA AF Chubb, DL Good, BS Lowe, RA BE Benner, JP Coutts, TJ Ginley, DS TI Solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) system with thermal energy storage SO SECOND NREL CONFERENCE ON THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd NREL Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity CY JUL, 1995 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP NREL, US DOE C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-509-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 358 BP 181 EP 198 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BE91N UT WOS:A1996BE91N00013 ER PT S AU Chubb, DL Lowe, RA AF Chubb, DL Lowe, RA BE Benner, JP Coutts, TJ Ginley, DS TI A small particle selective emitter for thermophotovoltaic energy conversion SO SECOND NREL CONFERENCE ON THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd NREL Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity CY JUL, 1995 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP NREL, US DOE C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-509-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 358 BP 263 EP 277 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BE91N UT WOS:A1996BE91N00019 ER PT S AU Lin, JJ Burger, DR Mueller, RL AF Lin, JJ Burger, DR Mueller, RL BE Benner, JP Coutts, TJ Ginley, DS TI Development of thermophotovoltaic array testing capabilities SO SECOND NREL CONFERENCE ON THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd NREL Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity CY JUL, 1995 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP NREL, US DOE C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-509-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 358 BP 502 EP 524 PG 23 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BE91N UT WOS:A1996BE91N00038 ER PT B AU Heyd, AR Alterovitz, SA Croke, ET Wang, KL Lee, CH AF Heyd, AR Alterovitz, SA Croke, ET Wang, KL Lee, CH BE Bullis, WM Seiler, DG Diebold, AC TI Characterization of SiGe/Ge heterostructures and graded layers using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry SO SEMICONDUCTOR CHARACTERIZATION: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Characterization - Present Status and Future Needs CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 1995 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP Adv Res Projects Agcy, SEMATECH, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USA, Army Res Off, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Div, Comm Civilian Ind Technol, Working Grp Electr Mat HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-503-8 PY 1996 BP 428 EP 432 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE98R UT WOS:A1996BE98R00059 ER PT B AU Sundaram, M Gunapala, S Park, JS Liu, JK Grunthaner, PJ AF Sundaram, M Gunapala, S Park, JS Liu, JK Grunthaner, PJ BE Lal, K TI A 128x128 pixel focal plane array infrared QWIP camera for space-based imaging at 15 mu m SO SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Physics of Semiconductor Devices CY DEC 11-16, 1995 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP Indian Natl Sci Acad, New Delhi, All India Council Tech Educ, New Delhi, Dept Sci & Technol, New Delhi, New Delhi & Dept Electr, New Delhi, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 CALTECH,NASA,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 6 COMMUNITY CENTRE, PANCHSHEEL PARK, NEW DELHI 110 017, INDIA BN 0-8194-2114-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2733 BP 105 EP 109 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BF78E UT WOS:A1996BF78E00024 ER PT B AU Lee, SH Schenker, PS AF Lee, SH Schenker, PS BE Schenker, PS McKee, GT TI Autonomous synthesis of goal-oriented behaviors for planetary robotic sampling SO SENSOR FUSION AND DISTRIBUTED ROBOTIC AGENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Fusion and Distributed Robotic Agents CY NOV 21-22, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE perception net; action net; intelligent robotic architecture; goal-oriented behaviors; planetary sampling AB An intelligent robotic architecture that autonomously synthesizes goal-oriented behaviors, while connecting sensing and action in real-time, is presented with applications to loosely defined planetary sampling missions. By the goal-oriented behaviors, we mean sequences of actions generated from automatic task monitoring and replanning toward set goals in the presence of uncertainties as well as errors and faults. This architecture is composed of perception and action nets interconnected in closed loops. The perception net, represented as a hierarchy of features that can be extracted from physical as well as logical sensors, manages uncertainties with sensor fusion, sensor planning, and consistency maintenance. The action net, represented as a hierarchy of state transition in which all the possible system behaviors are embedded, generates robust and fault-tolerant system behaviors with on-line adaptive task monitoring and replanning. The proposed intelligent robotic architecture is significant for autonomous planetary robotic sampling - and related robotic tasks in unstructured environments - that require robust and fault tolerant behaviors due to expected uncertainties as well as errors in sensing, actuation, and environmental constraints. We use a typical Mars planetary sampling scenario to evaluate the proposed architecture: autonomous soil science where a robot arm trenches soil to examine and deposit soil samples to lander based science instrumentation. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2307-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2905 BP 40 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.256337 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BG67J UT WOS:A1996BG67J00005 ER PT B AU Aldridge, HA Juang, JN AF Aldridge, HA Juang, JN BE Schenker, PS McKee, GT TI System wide joint position sensor fault tolerance in robot systems using Cartesian accelerometers SO SENSOR FUSION AND DISTRIBUTED ROBOTIC AGENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Fusion and Distributed Robotic Agents CY NOV 21-22, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE robot control; fault tolerance; position sensor; accelerometer AB Joint position sensors ate necessary for most robot control systems. A single position sensor failure in a normal robot system can greatly degrade performance. This paper presents a method to obtain position information from Cartesian accelerometers without integration. Depending on the number and location of the accelerometers, the proposed system can tolerate the loss of multiple position sensors. A solution technique suitable for real-time implementation is presented Simulations were conducted using 5 triaxial accelerometers to recover from the loss of up to 4 joint position sensors on a 7 degree of freedom robot moving in general three dimensional space. The simulations show good estimation performance using non-ideal accelerometer measurements. RP Aldridge, HA (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2307-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2905 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1117/12.256320 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BG67J UT WOS:A1996BG67J00009 ER PT B AU Baumgartner, ET Klymyshyn, NA AF Baumgartner, ET Klymyshyn, NA BE Schenker, PS McKee, GT TI A sensitivity analysis for a remote vision-guided robot arm under imprecise supervisory control SO SENSOR FUSION AND DISTRIBUTED ROBOTIC AGENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Fusion and Distributed Robotic Agents CY NOV 21-22, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE robotics; vision-based automation; space applications; remote operations AB This paper presents a study regarding the sensitivity of a vision-based control method known as Camera-Space Manipulation to inaccuracies in the specified target objectives. For the application considered, the target objectives represent the image-plane appearance of a common 3D physical space point in the cameras that participate in the task. Inaccurate or incompatible target objectives will be present because of the nature in which this information is relayed to the robot system from a remote operator. Therefore, a simulation-based sensitivity analysis is presented and discussed with respect to the level of terminal positioning precision that can be achieved in light of the incompatible target objectives. RP Baumgartner, ET (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,MS 125-224,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2307-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2905 BP 218 EP 226 DI 10.1117/12.256332 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BG67J UT WOS:A1996BG67J00020 ER PT B AU Lee, SH Ahn, SC Meyyappan, A Schenker, P AF Lee, SH Ahn, SC Meyyappan, A Schenker, P BE Schenker, PS McKee, GT TI Depth from magnification and blurring SO SENSOR FUSION AND DISTRIBUTED ROBOTIC AGENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Fusion and Distributed Robotic Agents CY NOV 21-22, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB A new method of constructing 3D maps based on the relative magnification and blurring of a pair of images is presented, where the images are taken at two camera positions of a small displacement. The method, referred to here as ''Depth from Magnification and Blurring,'' aims at generating a precise 3D map of local scene of objects to be manipulated by a robot arm with a hand-eye camera. The method uses a single standard camera with telecentric lens, and assumes neither active illumination nor active control of camera parameters. The proposed depth extraction algorithm is simple in computation. Fusing the Mo disparate sources of depth information, magnification and blurring, the proposed method provides more accurate and robust depth estimation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2307-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2905 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1117/12.256334 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BG67J UT WOS:A1996BG67J00022 ER PT J AU Demoz, BB Starr, DO Lare, AR Evans, KD Ferrare, RA Whiteman, DN Melfi, SH AF Demoz, BB Starr, DO Lare, AR Evans, KD Ferrare, RA Whiteman, DN Melfi, SH GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Lidar and surface observations of a cold frontal case: The 15 April 1994 ARM RCS IOP case SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Demoz, BB (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 913,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 79 EP 81 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00030 ER PT J AU Kucera, PA Short, DA Thiele, OW AF Kucera, PA Short, DA Thiele, OW GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI An analysis of rainfall intensity and vertical structure from shipborne radars in TOGA COARE SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Kucera, PA (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,TRMM OFF,CODE 9101,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 131 EP 134 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00049 ER PT J AU Halverson, JB Ferrier, BS Simpson, J Tao, WK AF Halverson, JB Ferrier, BS Simpson, J Tao, WK GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Two-dimensional numerical modeling investigations of the February 11, 1993 TOGA COARE mesoscale convective system SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Halverson, JB (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,MESOSCALE ATMOSPHER PROC BRANCH,CODE 912,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 165 EP 167 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00061 ER PT B AU Chen, C Tao, WK Lai, GS Lin, PL Chen, TC AF Chen, C Tao, WK Lai, GS Lin, PL Chen, TC GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The interaction of the upper- and low-level jets in the development of mesoscale convective systems in a Mei-Yu front SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Chen, C (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,MENOSCALE ATMOSPHER PROC BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 192 EP 194 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00071 ER PT J AU Alexander, GD Cotton, WR AF Alexander, GD Cotton, WR GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The use of cloud-resolving simulations of mesoscale convective systems to build a convective parameterization scheme SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Alexander, GD (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 975,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 401 EP 403 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00146 ER PT B AU Knox, JA Hoggatt, BD AF Knox, JA Hoggatt, BD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Mesoscale dynamics of mid-level convection in an intense mid-latitude anticyclone SO SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON MESOSCALE PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mesoscale Processes CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Royal Meteorol Soc, UK HO UNIV READING RP Knox, JA (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,NASA,GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES,2880 BROADWAY,NEW YORK,NY 10025, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 453 EP 455 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH25H UT WOS:A1996BH25H00165 ER PT J AU Spencer, RW Braswell, WD AF Spencer, RW Braswell, WD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Water vapor feedback in the tropics deduced from SSM/T-2 water vapor and MSU temperatures SO SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GLOBAL HYDROL & CLIMATE CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG36L UT WOS:A1996BG36L00011 ER PT J AU Busalacchi, AJ AF Busalacchi, AJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Data and data assimilation for initializing coupled predictions SO SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,LAB HYDROSPHER PROC,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 68 EP 70 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG36L UT WOS:A1996BG36L00014 ER PT J AU Carlson, BE Cairns, B AF Carlson, BE Cairns, B GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Secular variations in the spatial distribution of ozone SO SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NASA,GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES,NEW YORK,NY 10025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 102 EP 105 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG36L UT WOS:A1996BG36L00022 ER PT J AU Considine, GD Curry, JA AF Considine, GD Curry, JA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI An examination of the processes coupling boundary layer clouds to climate SO SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 146 EP 151 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG36L UT WOS:A1996BG36L00031 ER PT J AU Cairns, B AF Cairns, B GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The parameterization of subgrid-scale cloud by renormalization methods SO SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NASA,GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES,NEW YORK,NY 10025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 152 EP 155 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG36L UT WOS:A1996BG36L00032 ER PT B AU Lacis, AA Mishchenko, MI AF Lacis, AA Mishchenko, MI GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI GCM parameterization of radiative forcing by Pinatubo aerosols SO SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Global Change Studies CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NASA,GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES,NEW YORK,NY 10025. RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 177 EP 180 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG36L UT WOS:A1996BG36L00038 ER PT S AU Kerr, JH Christiansen, EL Crews, JL AF Kerr, JH Christiansen, EL Crews, JL BE Schmidt, SC Tao, WC TI Hydrocode modeling of advanced debris shield designs SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1995 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th American-Physical-Society Topical Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY AUG 13-18, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Phys Soc C1 NASA, LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR, SPACE SCI BRANCH, HOUSTON, TX 77058 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-566-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 VL 370 BP 1167 EP 1170 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Physics GA BF97Y UT WOS:A1996BF97Y00280 ER PT S AU Christiansen, EL Crews, JL Kerr, JH Chhabildas, LC AF Christiansen, EL Crews, JL Kerr, JH Chhabildas, LC BE Schmidt, SC Tao, WC TI Hypervelocity impact testing above 10 km/s of advanced orbital debris shields SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1995 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th American-Physical-Society Topical Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY AUG 13-18, 1995 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Phys Soc C1 NASA, LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR, HOUSTON, TX 77058 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-566-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 VL 370 BP 1183 EP 1186 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Physics GA BF97Y UT WOS:A1996BF97Y00284 ER PT S AU Larkin, DJ AF Larkin, DJ BE Nakashima, S Matsunami, H Yoshida, S Harima, H TI Site-competition epitaxy for n-type and p-type dopant control in CVD SiC epilayers SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 1995 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 1995 (ICSCRM-95) CY SEP 18-21, 1995 CL KYOTO, JAPAN ID GROWTH; FILMS AB The use of site-competition epitaxy, which is based on intentional variation of the Si/C ratio during epitaxy, has now been reproduced in numerous national and international laboratories. However, previous reports have only considered dopant incorporation control for epitaxy on the Si-face 6H-SiC(0001) substrates. Presented in this paper is the extension of this technique for control of phosphorous incorporation and also a comparison of controlled doping on C-face 6H-SiC(0001) versus Si-face 6H-SiC(0001) substrates for aluminum, boron, nitrogen, and phosphorous. RP Larkin, DJ (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,MS 77-1,21000 BROOKPK RD,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0335-2 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 VL 142 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BF72L UT WOS:A1996BF72L00005 ER PT S AU Powell, JA Larkin, DJ Abel, PB Zhou, L Pirouz, P AF Powell, JA Larkin, DJ Abel, PB Zhou, L Pirouz, P BE Nakashima, S Matsunami, H Yoshida, S Harima, H TI Effect of tilt angle on the morphology of SiC epitaxial films grown on vicinal (0001)SiC substrates SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 1995 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 1995 (ICSCRM-95) CY SEP 18-21, 1995 CL KYOTO, JAPAN AB In this study of 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC epitaxial films we found that film morphology was strongly dependent on the tilt angle of the substrate. Large surface steps (up to 25 nm high) due to step bunching were more prevalent at smaller tilt angles. Also, 4H films were more susceptible than 6H to 3C-SiC inclusions during growth. The lateral growth of steps from screw dislocations in low-tilt-angle substrates demonstrated that step bunching on the atomic scale was anisotropic with respect to growth direction for both 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC. A model explaining this behavior is presented. We observed and directly measured the Burgers vector of a ''super'' screw dislocation in a 6H-SiC epilayer. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP Powell, JA (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,M S 77-1,21000 BROOKPK RD,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0335-2 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 VL 142 BP 77 EP 80 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BF72L UT WOS:A1996BF72L00018 ER PT S AU Saddow, SE Tipton, CW Mazzola, MS Neudeck, PG Larkin, DJ AF Saddow, SE Tipton, CW Mazzola, MS Neudeck, PG Larkin, DJ BE Nakashima, S Matsunami, H Yoshida, S Harima, H TI Capacitance spectroscopy on 6H-SiC pn junctions grown by site-competition epitaxy SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 1995 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 1995 (ICSCRM-95) CY SEP 18-21, 1995 CL KYOTO, JAPAN ID DEEP AB We have undertaken deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements on pn junction diodes formed from newly available high-purity 6H-SiC epitaxial layers. The epitaxial layers wee grown with a novel method known as site-competition epitaxy which has previously been shown to control the doping concentration of nitrogen and aluminum, and boron impurities We report that site competition epitaxial growth also influences the concentration of the deep boron-related defect known as the D-center as measured by DLTS. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Saddow, SE (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WEAPONS TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0335-2 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 VL 142 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BF72L UT WOS:A1996BF72L00069 ER PT S AU Ramungul, N Khemka, V Tyagi, R Chow, TP Ghezzo, M Neudeck, PG Kretchmer, J Hennessy, W Brown, DM AF Ramungul, N Khemka, V Tyagi, R Chow, TP Ghezzo, M Neudeck, PG Kretchmer, J Hennessy, W Brown, DM BE Nakashima, S Matsunami, H Yoshida, S Harima, H TI Comparison of aluminum- and boron-implanted vertical 6H-SiC p(+)n junction diodes SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 1995 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 1995 (ICSCRM-95) CY SEP 18-21, 1995 CL KYOTO, JAPAN AB The electrical performance of mesa type 6H-SiC p(+)n junction diodes formed via high temperature implantation of Al and B is comparatively studied at room and elevated temperatures up to 400 degrees C. The forward drop of the aluminum-implanted diodes sampled at a forward current density of 6.75 x 10(-4)A/cm(2) is tightly distributed at 2.2 V while that of boron-implanted diodes is broadly distributed with all average value of 2.79 V. The forward resistance for aluminum-implanted diodes measured at 4 V and room temperature is 125 Omega while the boron diodes have nearly 200 times larger forward. resistance. In contrast, boron diodes show superior current-voltage characteristics in the reverse direction. Particularly, the reverse leakage current of the boron diodes is at least all order-of-magnitude lower than that of aluminum diode at all measurement temperatures. C1 GE CO,CORP RES & DEV,SCHENECTADY,NY 12301. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Ramungul, N (reprint author), RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,TROY,NY 12180, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0335-2 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 VL 142 BP 713 EP 716 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BF72L UT WOS:A1996BF72L00174 ER PT S AU Hunter, GW Neudeck, PG Chen, LY Knight, D Liu, CC Wu, QH AF Hunter, GW Neudeck, PG Chen, LY Knight, D Liu, CC Wu, QH BE Nakashima, S Matsunami, H Yoshida, S Harima, H TI Silicon carbide-based detection of hydrogen and hydrocarbons SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 1995 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 1995 (ICSCRM-95) CY SEP 18-21, 1995 CL KYOTO, JAPAN AB The stability of Pd-SiC Schotlky diodes as gas sensors in the temperature range from 100 degrees C to 400 degrees C is explored. The effect of heat treating on the diode properties as measured at 100 degrees C is discussed. Subsequent operation at 400 degrees C demonstrates the diode's sensitivity to hydrogen and hydrocarbons. It is concluded that the Pd-SiC Schottky diode has potential as a hydrogen and hydrocarbon sensor over a wide range of temperatures but further studies are necessary. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,CTR ELECTR DESIGN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP Hunter, GW (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CORTEX,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0335-2 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 VL 142 BP 817 EP 820 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BF72L UT WOS:A1996BF72L00200 ER PT S AU Shields, VB Ryan, MA Williams, RM Spencer, MG Collins, DM Zhang, D AF Shields, VB Ryan, MA Williams, RM Spencer, MG Collins, DM Zhang, D BE Nakashima, S Matsunami, H Yoshida, S Harima, H TI A variable potential porous silicon carbide hydrocarbon gas sensor SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 1995 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 1995 (ICSCRM-95) CY SEP 18-21, 1995 CL KYOTO, JAPAN AB A sensor which is capable of detecting hydrocarbons and distinguishing among them at temperatures in the range 100 - 400 degrees C has been constructed using hexagonal (6H) silicon carbide (SiC). The sensor was tested in pure methane and pure propene and in 0.5% concentrations of these hydrocarbon gases in argon. The operation of the sensor is based on adsorption and reaction of hydrocarbons in a layer of porous SiC that has been photoelectrochemically etched in the surface. Experimental data show that it is possible to detect the presence of and identify the two hydrocarbon gases in pure gas streams and in lower concentrations of these gases. In principal, it is possible to distinguish among gases in a mixed stream. The ability to detect hydrocarbons and discriminate among them has applications in monitoring automobile emissions as well as monitoring functions in various process industries. C1 HOWARD UNIV,SCH ENGN,MAT SCI RES CTR EXCELLENCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RP Shields, VB (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,MS 303-308,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0335-2 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 VL 142 BP 1067 EP 1070 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BF72L UT WOS:A1996BF72L00261 ER PT J AU Skiles, JW Schulbach, CH AF Skiles, JW Schulbach, CH TI Rehosting a mini-computer model on a supercomputer SO SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE supercomputers; ecosystem simulation; rehosting simulation codes ID SPUR MODEL; RANGELAND; COMPUTATION AB Many ecosystem simulation computer codes have been developed in the last twenty-five years. This development took place initially on main-frame computers, then mini-computers, and more recently, on micro-computers and workstations. Supercomputing platforms (both parallel and distributed systems) have been largely unused, however, because of the perceived difficulty in accessing and using the machines. Also, significant differences in the system architectures of sequential, scalar computers and parallel and/or vector supercomputers must be considered. We have transferred a grassland simulation model (developed on a VAX) to a Cray Y-MP C90. We describe porting the model to the Cray and the changes we made to exploit the parallelism in the application and improve code execution. The Cray executed the model 30 times faster than the VAX and 10 times faster than a Unix workstation. We achieved an additional speedup of 30 percent by using the compiler's vectorizing and ''in-line'' capabilities. The code runs at only about 5 percent of the Cray's peak speed because it ineffectively uses the vector and parallel processing capabilities of the Cray. We expect that by restructuring the code, it could execute and additional six to ten times faster. Our goal was not just to increase the speed of code execution, but to enable the restructured and ported code to access and manipulate large data matrices holding intermediate and state variables, to increase the size of the geographical areas that can be simulated, and to be able to use large remote sensing data sets to drive the model or use as validation. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,SCI COMP BRANCH,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP Skiles, JW (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,JOHNSON CONTROLS WORLD SERV,MAIL STOP 239-20,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIMULATION COUNCILS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMULATION JI Simulation PD JAN PY 1996 VL 66 IS 1 BP 43 EP 58 DI 10.1177/003754979606600105 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA UE622 UT WOS:A1996UE62200005 ER PT B AU Shelton, RO Hultberg, S Lindblad, T AF Shelton, RO Hultberg, S Lindblad, T BE Padgett, ML Lindblad, T TI A neural network VME-module for recognizing AC current demand signatures in Space Shuttle Telemetry Data SO SIXTH, SEVENTH, AND EIGHTH WORKSHOPS ON VIRTUAL INTELLIGENCE: ACADEMIC/INDUSTRIAL/NASA/DEFENSE TECHNICAL INTERCHANGE AND TUTORIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th/7th/8th Workshops on Virtual Intelligence, at the International Conference on Virtual Intelligence, Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, Evolutionary Computing and Virtual Reality 1996 CY 1996 CL ELECTR NETWORK SP Soc Comp Simulat Int, NASA, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Neural Networks Soc, IEEE, Neural Networks Council C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,DIV INFORMAT TECHNOL,SOFTWARE TECHNOL BRANCH PT4,HOUSTON,TX 77058. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2276-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2878 BP 30 EP 39 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG44Q UT WOS:A1996BG44Q00004 ER PT B AU Pinkerton, JL McGowan, AMR Moses, RW Scott, RC Heeg, J AF Pinkerton, JL McGowan, AMR Moses, RW Scott, RC Heeg, J BE Chopra, I TI Controlled aeroelastic response and airfoil shaping using adaptive materials and integrated systems SO SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS: SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1996 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Structures and Integrated Systems CY FEB 26-29, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, USA Army Res Off, ARPA, Boeing Def & Space Grp, Air Force Wright Lab, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Phys Soc, Div Mat Phys, Ceram Soc Japan DE piezoelectric actuators; active controls; flutter suppression; subcritical response tailoring; buffet load alleviation; neural networks; airfoil shaping C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,AEROELAST BRANCH,HAMPTON,VA 23681. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2092-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2717 BP 166 EP 177 DI 10.1117/12.239019 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Optics GA BF67T UT WOS:A1996BF67T00011 ER PT B AU Golightly, MJ Badhwar, GD Dunlap, MJ Patel, SH AF Golightly, MJ Badhwar, GD Dunlap, MJ Patel, SH BE Balasubramaniam, KS Keil, SL Smartt, RN TI Solar-cycle modulation of the trapped proton radiation exposure inside the space shuttle SO SOLAR DRIVERS OF INTERPLANETARY AND TERRESTRIAL DISTURBANCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak International Workshop on Solar Drivers of Interplanetary and Terrestrial Disturbances CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL SUNSPOT, NM SP Natl Solar Observ, Sacramento Peak C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-16-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 95 BP 505 EP 517 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32E UT WOS:A1996BG32E00060 ER PT B AU Randolph, JE Tsurutani, BT Vaisberg, O Pitchkhadze, KM AF Randolph, JE Tsurutani, BT Vaisberg, O Pitchkhadze, KM BE Balasubramaniam, KS Keil, SL Smartt, RN TI An update on the FIRE (solar probe) mission SO SOLAR DRIVERS OF INTERPLANETARY AND TERRESTRIAL DISTURBANCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak International Workshop on Solar Drivers of Interplanetary and Terrestrial Disturbances CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL SUNSPOT, NM SP Natl Solar Observ, Sacramento Peak C1 CALTECH,JET PROPULS LAB,PASADENA,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-16-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 95 BP 539 EP 546 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32E UT WOS:A1996BG32E00064 ER PT B AU Pap, JM Varadi, F AF Pap, JM Varadi, F BE Balasubramaniam, KS Keil, SL Smartt, RN TI Application of singular spectrum analysis to solar irradiance variability SO SOLAR DRIVERS OF INTERPLANETARY AND TERRESTRIAL DISTURBANCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak International Workshop on Solar Drivers of Interplanetary and Terrestrial Disturbances CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL SUNSPOT, NM SP Natl Solar Observ, Sacramento Peak C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-16-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 95 BP 576 EP 585 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32E UT WOS:A1996BG32E00068 ER PT J AU Erb, RB AF Erb, RB TI International cooperation for the acquisition of space-based energy SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Acquisition of an adequate supply of economical and clean energy is a pressing global need to which space-based energy can contribute. New supplies of non-polluting energy from renewable sources are vital if the world economy is to be sustained and those in the Developing Countries are to have a prosperous future. The energy of the sun is the primary source of such non-polluting energy and there are advantages to capturing this energy first in space rather than on Earth. Acquisition of space-based energy is intrinsically an international matter for several reasons: the global nature of the need for energy; the distribution of the enabling technology among several countries; the need for significant financing; and the fact that responsibility for allocating key resources is an international matter. Approaches to acquiring space-based energy as presented around 1980 were not implemented because of perceived shortcomings in the technology of that era. However, the key technologies have advanced greatly since 1980. It is now timely to activate international cooperation to enable further this energy option for the future. This paper describes the important roles of government, industry and professional societies and provides recommendations for action by these entities. RP Erb, RB (reprint author), NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON LIAISON OFF,CANADIAN SPACE AGCY,HOUSTON,TX 77058, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD JAN PY 1996 VL 56 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA TY192 UT WOS:A1996TY19200007 ER PT J AU Gary, GA AF Gary, GA TI Potential field extrapolation using three components of a solar vector magnetogram with a finite field of view SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIGHT BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CORONAL MAGNETIC-FIELDS; LAPLACES EQUATION; EVOLUTION AB The potential magnetic field from a finite planar boundary is extrapolated into the upper hemisphere using information from all three magnetic field components. The method determines, first, the transverse field associated with the observed normal magnetic intensity. Then by subtraction, the method determines the associated transverse magnetic field observed in the interior (i.e., in the field of view) of the magnetogram which is due to the normal flux exterior to the field of view of the magnetogram. Inverting this information gives an approximation to the exterior normal flux. The combination of the observed normal flux of the interior and the approximation of the exterior normal flux is employed to calculate the potential field. The formulation of the problem results in an ill-posed integral inversion problem in which a regularized solution is obtained using the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique in conjunction with an appropriate Tikhonov-Phillips filter. The technique can be applied to correcting potential field calculations which are influenced by out-of-view fluxes, e.g., for a high spatial resolution vector magnetogram with a small field of view in which there is no supporting exterior data. The problem studied is also important in providing a regularized solution of the Cauchy potential problem. The method provides a much larger range of convergence than the method of Gary and Musielak (1992), and, in fact, is stable in the total upper hemisphere. RP Gary, GA (reprint author), NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SPACE SCI LAB,ES82,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812, USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 163 IS 1 BP 43 EP 64 DI 10.1007/BF00165455 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TU846 UT WOS:A1996TU84600004 ER PT S AU Woo, R AF Woo, R BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Coronal structures observed by radio propagation measurements SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB This paper summarizes (I) advances in our knowledge of coronal structures inferred from radio propagation measurements, and (2) gains in our understanding of the relationship between radio propagation and white-light coronagraph measurements. Radio propagation measurements confirm that streamers are ray-like structures as depicted in coronagraph pictures, but also reveal a hierarchy of filamentary structures throughout the corona, extending from the size of streamers down to scale sizes as small as about 1 km at the Sun (10(-3) arcsec). Doppler scintillation measurements, therefore, open a new window on small-scale structure that has long eluded coronagraph measurements. In addition, high precision ranging measurements make it possible to investigate large-scale structures not yet observed in coronagraphs, such as plumes in equatorial coronal hole regions. RP Woo, R (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00008 ER PT S AU Barnes, A Gazis, PR Phillips, JL AF Barnes, A Gazis, PR Phillips, JL BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Some constraints on acceleration mechanisms in the solar wind at polar latitudes SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Observations of solar Lyman alpha have been interpreted as indicating that the solar wind mass flux density is lower at polar latitudes than at equatorial latitudes. This led Lallement et al [1986] to make a parametric study of solar wind acceleration, along the fines of the earlier Munro-Jackson study [1977], in which they concluded that uncertainties in the polar mass flux were large enough to be consistent with two extreme opposites: (1) a substantial energy supply beyond classical thermal conduction is required, or (2) classical thermal conduction is adequate to drive the flow. This ambiguity has been clarified by Ulysses observations of the polar outflow [Phillips et al, 1995]. The polar mass flux density Lies near or somewhat above the middle of the range studies by Lallement et al [1986], which indicates that extended heating is likely to be going on out to at least similar to 5 solar radii. Independent, purely energetic arguments can be made to estimate the required coronal source (electron) temperature that would be required to account for the observed energy flux density. An electron temperature of well above 2x10(6) K would be required for the classical conduction flux density to be comparable to the total energy flux density; such a high temperature is unlikely in a coronal hole. These arguments strongly suggest that some extended heating or momentum transfer mechanism is required to drive the solar wind from the polar coronal hole. RP Barnes, A (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,DIV SPACE SCI,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00010 ER PT S AU Siregar, E Goldstein, ML AF Siregar, E Goldstein, ML BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI A model for cyclotron interaction effects on large scales SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Starting from the contractions of exact moments of the Vlasov equation, we present a formalism for constructing a system of equations that describes aspects of cyclotron interactions using kinetic information. This non-perturbative approach does not require a priori assumptions about zero-order particle velocity distributions. The nonlinear coupling between field-aligned particle thermal velocities and transverse cyclotron wave and thermal motions is described by off-diagonal elements of the pressure tensor, and involves the growth rates of cyclotron waves. We derive the functional form of an effective wave-particle momentum transport coefficient whose magnitude and sign depend on the dynamically evolving temperature anisotropy. Finally, we present a coupled set of cyclotron equations of state for the evolution of the parallel and perpendicular pressures which provide a connection between kinetic and fluid phenomena. RP Siregar, E (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,CODE 692,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 96 EP 99 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00021 ER PT S AU Guhathakurta, M Fisher, RR Strong, K AF Guhathakurta, M Fisher, RR Strong, K BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Observations and physical interpretations of coronal rays from white light, soft X-ray, red (FeX) and green (FeXIV) lines analyses SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB The purpose of this investigation is to determine the physical and morphological characteristics of the coronal rays as seen in white light and compare these structures to rays seen in soft X-ray, FeX (red) and FeXIV (green) line emissions. During the quiescent phase in solar activity, coronal rays were observed in white light both in the polar and equatorial regions by Spartan 201 and Mark-III. White light coronal rays have a brightness contrast of 10-40% compared to the adjacent structures. Polar coronal rays were observed in the red line emission and part of the time rays were also observed in soft X-ray and green line emission. The intensity contrast of the rays and the adjacent structures in these lines are approximate to 20 - 100%, in agreement with the white light observations. Polar rays observed in red line emission are designated as 'cool' rays while those observed in soft X-ray and green line emission are called 'hot' rays. Cool rays are a dominant feature of the polar corona during the quiescent phase of the solar cycle. The hot rays when present form a small subset of the rays seen in white light which can be either 'cool' or 'hot'. Hot rays seem to emerge from the boundary of the polar coronal hole (polar crown filament belt). The location of the cool rays on the other hand seems to remain an open question. The average half width of all the rays, in the plane of the sky, were found to be about 2-3 degrees and did not change with height. This width is similar to that of the supergranular cells. The fact that the scale height temperature in the hole and rays shows a rise and reaches a peak as a function of height suggests that heat is being deposited in the corona extending from 1.4-2.6 Ro.. RP Guhathakurta, M (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 682,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 125 EP 128 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00029 ER PT S AU Ofman, L Davila, JM AF Ofman, L Davila, JM BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Heating of coronal holes by the resonant absorption and dissipation of Alfven waves SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Coronal hole regions are well known sources of high-speed solar wind, however to account for the observed properties of the solar wind a source of energy must be included in addition to heat conduction. Alfven waves were suggested as the possible source of heating that accelerates the solar wind. We investigate the heating and propagation of Alfven waves in coronal holes via 2-D MHD simulation in slab geometry. Resonance heating layers are found to occur when shear Alfven waves are driven at the coronal boundary and a continuous density profile is assumed for the coronal hole. The heating is enhanced by phase mixing when coronal hole inhomogeneities (i.e., plumes) are included. We investigate the dependence of the heating rate on the driver frequency and the Lundquist number S and find a good agreement with the analytical S-1/3 scaling of the dissipation length for uniform background magnetic field. We find that when S = 10(4) the low frequency Alfven waves can be a significant source of heating of coronal holes at several solar radii. At larger values of S nonlinear effects may reduce the effective dissipation length. We also find that the radial dependence of the heating rate has the same form as the observed scale height temperature radial profiles observed by SPARTAN 201-01. RP Ofman, L (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,CODE 682,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00035 ER PT S AU Stark, BA Musielak, ZE Suess, ST AF Stark, BA Musielak, ZE Suess, ST BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Alfven wave resonances and flow induced by nonlinear Alfven waves in a stratified atmosphere SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB A nonlinear, time-dependent, ideal MHD code has been developed and used to compute the how induced by nonlinear Alfven waves propagating in an isothermal, stratified, plane-parallel atmosphere. The code is based on characteristic equations solved in a Lagrangian frame. Results show that resonance behavior of Alfven waves exists in the presence of a continuous density gradient and that the waves with periods corresponding to resonant peaks exert considerably more force on the medium than off-resonance periods. If only off-peak periods are considered, the relationship between the wave period and induced longitudinal velocity shows that short period WKB waves push more on the background medium than longer period, non-WKB, waves. The results also show the development of the longitudinal waves induced by finite amplitude Alfven waves. Wave energy transferred to the longitudinal mode may provide a source of localized heating. RP Stark, BA (reprint author), NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 153 EP 156 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00036 ER PT S AU Goldstein, BE AF Goldstein, BE BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI A review of solar wind ion and electron plasma distributions: Present understanding and Ulysses results SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Unlike the oral version of this paper at Solar Wind 8, this written version is not intended as an overview of the observational aspects of solar wind ion and electron distributions, but discusses only recent results in this area with emphasis on Ulysses measurements. Although primarily a review, some new results on solar wind proton temperatures at high latitudes are presented. RP Goldstein, BE (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 204 EP 209 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00048 ER PT S AU Ruzmaikin, AA Goldstein, BE Smith, EJ Balogh, A AF Ruzmaikin, AA Goldstein, BE Smith, EJ Balogh, A BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI On the origin of the 1/f spectrum of fluctuations in the solar wind SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB The origin of the 1/f low-frequency spectrum of fluctuations observed in the solar wind is discussed. It is suggested that this spectrum arises due to sampling random perturbations produced at the Sun. The perturbation process is characterized by a power- law distribution. It is pointed out that, due to solar rotation, the sampling is equivalent to scanning across different size scales on the Sun. The limits of the spectrum found from the observations are used to estimate the characteristic scales on the Sun, the scales related to the origin of the solar wind. RP Ruzmaikin, AA (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 225 EP 228 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00053 ER PT S AU Goldstein, ML AF Goldstein, ML BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Turbulence in the solar wind: Kinetic effects SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Nonlinear processes in the solar wind drive a turbulent cascade of energy from large to small scales. Many aspects of this turbulent evolution can be described using fluid models, but near the wavelength of ion cyclotron waves, the spectrum steepens; evidence that the fluctuations are damped, heating the ambient plasma. Fluid models can be modified to approximate the physics of these kinetic processes by modifying the dissipation terms and by including extra terms which approximate some aspects of kinetic interactions. RP Goldstein, ML (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,CODE 692,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00056 ER PT S AU MacDowall, RJ Lin, N Kellogg, PJ Balogh, A Forsyth, RJ Neugebauer, M AF MacDowall, RJ Lin, N Kellogg, PJ Balogh, A Forsyth, RJ Neugebauer, M BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Langmuir waves in magnetic holes: Source mechanism and consequences SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Plasma wave observations from the Ulysses spacecraft indicate that electrostatic waves at frequencies approximately equal to the electron plasma frequency f(pe) are commonly found in magnetic holes. Magnetic holes are short-duration reductions in the: amplitude of the interplanetary magnetic field. A model of the electron dynamics in a magnetic hole suggests that the waves are generated by electron beams of thermal energies, formed by adiabatic focusing of the electrons. These waves, presumed to be Langmuir mode, will have extremely short wavelengths, of the order of 100-1000 m. Such waves, observed in the solar wind, would be significantly Doppler shifted, which can be measured by the plasma wave receiver. The prevalence of waves in magnetic holes suggests that the magnetic structures are not stable and can provide constraints on their formation and evolution. RP MacDowall, RJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,CODE 695,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI MacDowall, Robert/D-2773-2012 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 301 EP 304 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00071 ER PT S AU Goldstein, BE Neugebauer, M Smith, EJ AF Goldstein, BE Neugebauer, M Smith, EJ BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Alfven waves, alpha particles, and pickup ions in the solar wind SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res RP Goldstein, BE (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 310 EP 310 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00074 ER PT S AU Feynman, J Ruzmaikin, AA Smith, EJ AF Feynman, J Ruzmaikin, AA Smith, EJ BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Radial evolution of the high/low frequency breakpoint in magnetic field spectra SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Power spectra of magnetic field variations show different behavior in two frequency regions; a high frequency region (f(-5/3)) and a low frequency region (f(-1)). A clue to the relationship between them is in the behavior of the breakpoint between the spectral regions. Statistical studies of the average behavior of spectra between 0.3 AU and 22 AU have shown that the breakpoint occurs at lower frequencies with larger heliocentric distances. Ideally the behavior of the breakpoint in a particular parcel of solar wind should be studied as that parcel propagates to larger heliocentric distances. The possibility of carrying out such a study is provided by the fact that in 1974 IMP 8 (1.0 AU), Pioneer 10 (4.3 AU) and Pioneer 11 (5.6 AU) were close to being coaligned. We compare the breakpoint observed at Earth with that observed at Pioneers 10 and II for closely matched samples of the wind and find good agreement with a model in which the high frequency spectrum develops in interplanetary space through a cascade from the low frequency spectrum. RP Feynman, J (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 347 EP 350 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00084 ER PT S AU Szabo, A Lepping, RP King, JH Paularena, KI Richardson, JD AF Szabo, A Lepping, RP King, JH Paularena, KI Richardson, JD BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Twenty years of interplanetary magnetofluid variations with periods between 10 days and 3 years SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB A new dynamic periodogram technique has been developed to study variations in the solar wind plasma and magnetic field parameters collected primarily by IMP-8 during its more then twenty years of mission life. The long data set and the new technique allows the determination of changes in the various periodicities as a function of time. For example, a 1-year oscillation is shown to be most pronounced during solar minima, while during solar maxima half-year and 2-year periodicities are dominant. Many other periodicities (similar to 36, 50, 73, similar to 154 days, similar to 9 months, and 1.3-years) are identified and their time dependencies investigated. RP Szabo, A (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 399 EP 401 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00099 ER PT S AU Neugebauer, M AF Neugebauer, M BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI The solar wind in the third dimension SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB For many years, solar-wind physicists have been using plasma and field data acquired near the ecliptic plane together with data on the scintillation of radio sources and remote sensing of structures in the solar corona to estimate the properties of the high-latitude solar wind. Because of the highly successful Ulysses mission, the moment of truth is now here. This paper summarizes the principal agreements and differences between the Ulysses observations and expectations. The speed of the high-latitude solar wind was even greater than anticipated. The strength of the radial component of the interplanetary magnetic field was found to be independent of latitude. The tilt of the heliospheric current sheet caused reverse corotating shocks to be observed to higher latitudes than forward corotating shocks. The energetic particles accelerated in these shocks were detected well poleward of the latitudes at which Ulysses observed the interaction regions themselves. As anticipated, there was a strong flux of outward propagating Alfven waves throughout the polar flow. Those waves were probably largely responsible for the smaller-than-anticipated increase of galactic cosmic rays with increasing latitude. As expected, the charge state or ionization temperature of heavy ions was lower in the polar Bow than in low-latitude interstream flows. What was not anticipated was the correlation of elemental abundances with ionization temperatures; the Ulysses data revealed a connection between the first ionization time in the upper chromosphere and the final ionization state in the corona As expected, transient events were detected to similar to 60 degrees latitude, but the properties of those high latitude transient flows held some surprises. At high latitudes, the speeds of the transient interplanetary plasma clouds were approximately the same as the speed of the ambient plasma and the expansion of the clouds drove forward and reverse shock pairs that had never been seen at low latitudes. At high latitudes, the plasma in interplanetary clouds differed from low-latitude events in that it was not enriched in helium and did not have high ionization temperatures. RP Neugebauer, M (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 402 EP 408 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00100 ER PT S AU Murphy, N Smith, EJ Goldstein, B Balogh, A Forsyth, RJ AF Murphy, N Smith, EJ Goldstein, B Balogh, A Forsyth, RJ BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Correlated variations in the azimuthal and elevation angles of the interplanetary magnetic field SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB During the period Jan. 1991 through Dec. 1992 the Ulysses spacecraft remained close to the plane of the heliographic equator, and moved through several AU in heliospheric range. This period also saw a considerable evolution in solar activity making it ideal for the study of the effects of solar wind structures on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). In this study we examine distributions of the azimuthal magnetic field angle Phi, and two-dimensional distributions of Theta and Phi, the elevation and azimuthal magnetic field directions. We show that the presence of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the data produce interesting structure in the IMF distributions and that the flow defections associated with solar wind stream interfaces produce significant effects in the distributions, and produce a correlation between the angles Theta and Phi. Deflections in the IMF are seen far from the stream interface, and may fill the whole interstream region. We also discuss the effects on the statistical properties of IMF distributions produced by such structures. RP Murphy, N (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 421 EP 424 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00107 ER PT S AU Cane, HV Richardson, IG Wibberenz, G AF Cane, HV Richardson, IG Wibberenz, G BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Energetic particles and solar wind disturbances SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Energetic particles respond to the presence of solar wind disturbances with the signatures depending on the characteristics of the disturbance. Thus by using observations of energetic particles over a wide range of energies, it is possible to elucidate the type of disturbance present. For transient events, energetic particles also supply information about the history of the related solar mass ejection and hence provide a valuable means of relating solar and interplanetary phenomena. We point out that erroneous relationships may have been inferred in previous studies relating magnetic clouds and prominence eruptions which did not take energetic particle data into consideration. RP Cane, HV (reprint author), GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 661,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 449 EP 452 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00115 ER PT S AU Richardson, IG Cane, HV AF Richardson, IG Cane, HV BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Particle anisotropies observed within ejecta during solar particle onsets SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB We demonstrate that the anisotropies of energetic particles (> 0.2 MeV electrons and > 1 MeV protons) can provide information on the magnetic topology of ejecta. In particular, we have examined 38 solar energetic particle events for which the onset phase was observed by ISEE 3 when the spacecraft was located inside an ejecta. Around 30% of these particle events exhibit unusual flows from the east of the Sun at event onset. Such flows are rarely found in 34 events which were observed outside ejecta. The observations are consistent with the presence of looped magnetic structures in ejecta. RP Richardson, IG (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS LAB,CODE 661,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 453 EP 456 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00116 ER PT S AU Gazis, PR Richardson, JD Paularena, KI AF Gazis, PR Richardson, JD Paularena, KI BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Long-term velocity enhancements in the solar wind SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Throughout most of the last three solar cycles, the Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Voyager 2, IMP 8, and Pioneer Venus Orbiter spacecraft have observed long-term enhancements in solar wind speed. These enhancements rue typically on the order of 100-200 Irm s(-1), with durations an the order of several months to over a year. They are observed over heliocentric distances that range from 0.72 to more than 60 AU, which suggests that they are a characteristic feature throughout the entire heliosphere, st least in the vicinity of the solar equator. Since the last solar minimum, they have recurred with the 1.3-year periodicity reported by Richardson et al. [1994], but prior to the last solar minimum there were long intervals where this periodicity was different or absent. We examine and characterize these long-term speed enhancements and compare them to shorter-term variations in the solar wind such as coronal mass ejections, co-rotating interaction regions, merged interaction regions, and global merged interaction regions. RP Gazis, PR (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,SAN JOSE STATE UNIV FDN,MS 245-3,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 490 EP 493 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00129 ER PT S AU Burton, ME Smith, EJ Balogh, A Murphy, N AF Burton, ME Smith, EJ Balogh, A Murphy, N BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Heliomagnetic latitude dependence of the heliospheric magnetic field SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB ICE and IMP-8 magnetic field data from l984-1988 have been analyzed in a magnetic coordinate system defined by the orientation of the solar magnetic dipole. The heliomagnetic latitude dependence of the radial component of the magnetic field (Br) has then been investigated in a wide range of magnetic latitudes above and below the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). Br reverses sign abruptly across the current sheet, consistent with the solar magnetic field models of Pneuman and Kopp [1971] and Wolfson [1985] but inconsistent with the source surface models [Hoeksema, 1986]. No evidence is found for an asymmetry in the magnetic field suggested by earlier studies of interplanetary magnetic field data [Luhmann, 1987, Burton, 1990]. A slight (similar to.03 nT per degree) latitude gradient has been found which is consistent with the MHD model of Pneuman and Kopp and the recent model of Zhao and Hoeksema [1995]. RP Burton, ME (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 506 EP 509 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00133 ER PT S AU Neugebauer, M Goldstein, BE McComas, DJ Suess, ST Balogh, A AF Neugebauer, M Goldstein, BE McComas, DJ Suess, ST Balogh, A BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Velocity variations in the high-latitude solar wind SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res RP Neugebauer, M (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 510 EP 510 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00134 ER PT S AU Lepping, RP Szabo, A Peredo, M Campbell, A AF Lepping, RP Szabo, A Peredo, M Campbell, A BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Summary of heliospheric current and plasma sheet studies: WIND observations SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB This paper summarizes interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) analyses performed on WIND magnetometer data for the period since the turn-on of the instrument in early November 1995 until early April 1995. It discusses the pattern of the timing of the large scale (1-2 AU) IMF polarity changes (revealing major variation during this period), general statistical properties of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) (such as, surface normal, relative B-N-component, rotation angle of the magnetic field in the current sheet-plane, etc.), and small scale surface waves on the HCS. The individual HCS crossings were predominately tangential discontinuities. The field magnitude was examined around HCS crossings to investigate possible plasma sheet properties; the plasma sheet was not always present. In those cases when the plasma sheet's presence was most apparent, the directional discontinuity of the field (the embedded current sheet) appeared to be most abrupt. RP Lepping, RP (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 526 EP 529 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00141 ER PT S AU Richardson, IG Cane, HV AF Richardson, IG Cane, HV BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Abnormally low proton temperature as signatures of ejecta: Solar cycle dependence and association with other ejecta signatures SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB We investigate the solar-cycle dependence of the occurrence rate in the solar wind of regions with abnormally low proton temperatures during the years 1965 to 1990. To identify such regions, we compare the observed temperature with the temperature expected from the proton temperature-solar wind speed correlation found in 'normal' solar wind. The occurrence rate of abnormally low temperature plasma is correlated with solar activity levels and in particular with the rate of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the Sun. The low temperature regions show higher than chance associations with other signatures of ejecta in the solar wind. However abnormally low temperature plasma is not be a unique signature of ejecta since around 30% of the regions identified are related to encounters with the heliospheric plasma sheet, and the occurrence rate for these events depends more on the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet than on the CME rate. RP Richardson, IG (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS LAB,CODE 661,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 545 EP 548 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00148 ER PT S AU Fainberg, J Osherovich, VA Stone, RG MacDowall, RJ Balogh, A AF Fainberg, J Osherovich, VA Stone, RG MacDowall, RJ Balogh, A BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Ulysses observations of electron and proton components in a magnetic cloud and related wave activity SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Fifteen years ago, Burlaga defined magnetic clouds as interplanetary structures with enhanced magnetic field characterized by a smooth rotation of the magnetic field vector and a low proton temperature Tp. Their expansion in the solar wind leads to a depletion of plasma and a cooling of the ion component. Recently, Osherovich and colleagues showed that the electron component in magnetic clouds behaves differently: When the cloud expands, the electron temperature T-e anticorrelates with the density and therefore Te increases in the cloud. Since Landau damping is not effective. far T-e/T-p much greater than 1, they predicted an increase of ion-acoustic wave activity in magnetic clouds. Our paper presents evidence in support of this prediction. For the magnetic cloud observed by Ulysses on June 10 - 12, 1993 at 4.64 AU at S 32.5 deg, we present observations for both the electron and the proton components and the related plasma wave activity. Our results confirm the anticorrelation between T-e and electron density; the data also exhibit high ratios of T-e/T-p in the cloud T-e/T-p approximate to 10 - 20). Calculated frequencies of Doppler-shifted ion-acoustic waves compare well with the frequency range of the observed wave activity in the cloud. We find that the electron component in the cloud obeys a polytropic law with polytropic index gamma(e) < 1 (gamma(e) - 0.35 - 0.37). The dynamics of this magnetic cloud are determined to a large degree by the dominating electron pressure with the contribution from halo electrons comparable to that from core electrons. RP Fainberg, J (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 692,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI MacDowall, Robert/D-2773-2012 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 554 EP 557 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00151 ER PT S AU Liewer, PC Karmesin, SR Brackbill, JU AF Liewer, PC Karmesin, SR Brackbill, JU BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI The effect of neutrals on the global heliosphere and interplanetary shock propagation time to the heliopause SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB A two-dimensional time-dependent two-fluid hydrodynamic model has been used to study numerically the effect of interstellar neutrals on the size and structure of the heliosphere. The interstellar neutrals, coupled to the plasma by charge-exchange collisions, lead to a dramatic decrease in the size of the heliosphere. We find that a build up of neutral hydrogen in front of the leading edge of the heliosphere, seen in earlier models, occurs only when the flow in the interstellar medium is supersonic. When the flow is subsonic, no such hydrogen ''wall'' is seen in the simulations, suggesting that the distribution of scattered solar H Ly alpha light may be quite different for this case. We have also calculated the propagation of an interplanetary shock to the heliopause as a possible trigger for the 1992 Voyager 2-3 kHz radio emission event. We find that the interstellar plasma density, observed emission cut-off frequency, and heliopause location can all be made consistent once the effect of the reduction in the size of the heliosphere by the interaction with the neutrals is included. RP Liewer, PC (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 613 EP 616 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00166 ER PT S AU Gazis, PR AF Gazis, PR BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Limits on longitudinal asymmetries and deceleration of the solar wind in the outer heliosphere SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB Between 1980 and 1992, the Pioneer 10, Voyager 2, and Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) spae-craft were in locations that made them were well-suited to search for radial trends and longitudinal asymmetries in solar wind parameters. Pioneer 10 and Voyager 2 travelled between the heliocentric distances of 21-54 AU and 6-36 AU respectively Pioneer 10 was headed downstream with respect to the local interstellar medium (LISM) while Voyager 2 was headed up stream. Meanwhile, PVO was at 0.72 AU. We use data from these three spacecraft and Pioneer 11 to search for and set upper limits on possible asymmetries in solar wind velocity and temperature and an possible deceleration of the solar wind a a result of its interaction with the LISM. RP Gazis, PR (reprint author), SAN JOSE STATE UNIV FDN,NASA,AMES RES CTR,MS 245-3,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 642 EP 645 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00174 ER PT S AU Ratkiewicz, R Barnes, A Molvik, GA AF Ratkiewicz, R Barnes, A Molvik, GA BE Winterhalter, D Gosling, JT Habbal, SR Kurth, WS Neugebauer, M TI Global aspects of the motion of the heliospheric termination shock: A gasdynamic spherically symmetric model SO SOLAR WIND EIGHT - PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 25-30, 1995 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Comm Space Res AB The heliospheric termination shock is expected to move in response to variation in upstream solar wind conditions. Using numerical techniques, we extend rm earlier strictly one-dimensional (planar) analytic gasdynamic model of shock motion [Barnes, 1993] to spherically symmetric [Ratkiewicz et al., 1995], to investigate the qualitative features of global behavior of shock motion. The boundary conditions of the calculation are given by the solar wind parameters as a function of time on an inner spherical boundary, and a constant pressure (roughly simulating the effect of the local interstellar medium) on an outer boundary. RP Ratkiewicz, R (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-551-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 382 BP 646 EP 649 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG73Q UT WOS:A1996BG73Q00175 ER PT S AU McKay, DS Davis, HP Burns, M AF McKay, DS Davis, HP Burns, M BE Bourell, DL Beaman, JJ Marcus, HL Crawford, RH Barlow, JW TI Using fabricators to reduce space transportation costs SO SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS, SEPTEMBER 1996 SE SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium CY AUG 12-14, 1996 CL UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN, TX SP ARPA, Minerals Met Mat Soc, Univ Connecticut Storrs, Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn Dept, Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn HO UNIV TEXAS AB Ever since the Apollo landings, one of the primary barriers to more ambitious space projects has been the exorbitant cost of lifting equipment and construction components off of the Earth. Fabricators offer an intriguing solution by allowing for the use of native materials on the Moon, Mars, or other destinations in the production of tool and building parts. This paper discusses The kinds of objects that can be practically made in this fashion, Fabricator processes suitable for extraterrestrial environments, Raw materials available, and The impact of this use of technology on the cost of space projects. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP McKay, DS (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN PI AUSTIN PA MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT, AUSTIN, TX 00000 USA SN 1053-2153 J9 SOL FREEFORM FABRIC PY 1996 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BN63M UT WOS:000082420300004 ER PT B AU Panicacci, R Pain, B Zhou, ZM Nakamura, J Fossum, ER AF Panicacci, R Pain, B Zhou, ZM Nakamura, J Fossum, ER BE Anagnostopoulos, CN Blouke, MM Lesser, MP TI Progress in voltage acid current mode on-chip analog-to-digital converters for CMOS image sensors SO SOLID STATE SENSOR ARRAYS AND CCD CAMERAS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Sensor Arrays and CCD Cameras CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,CTR SPACE MICROELECTR TECHNOL,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2028-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2654 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.236120 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF35C UT WOS:A1996BF35C00008 ER PT B AU Panicacci, R Kemeny, S Matthies, L Pain, B Fossum, ER AF Panicacci, R Kemeny, S Matthies, L Pain, B Fossum, ER BE Anagnostopoulos, CN Blouke, MM Lesser, MP TI Programmable multiresolution CMOS active pixel sensor SO SOLID STATE SENSOR ARRAYS AND CCD CAMERAS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Sensor Arrays and CCD Cameras CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,CTR SPACE MICROELECTR TECHNOL,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2028-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2654 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1117/12.236121 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF35C UT WOS:A1996BF35C00009 ER PT B AU YadidPecht, O Clark, C Pain, B Staller, C Fossum, E AF YadidPecht, O Clark, C Pain, B Staller, C Fossum, E BE Anagnostopoulos, CN Blouke, MM Lesser, MP TI Wide dynamic range APS star tracker SO SOLID STATE SENSOR ARRAYS AND CCD CAMERAS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Sensor Arrays and CCD Cameras CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2028-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2654 BP 82 EP 92 DI 10.1117/12.236124 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF35C UT WOS:A1996BF35C00010 ER PT S AU Glicksman, ME Koss, MB Bushnell, LT LaCombe, JC Winsa, EA AF Glicksman, ME Koss, MB Bushnell, LT LaCombe, JC Winsa, EA BE Roosz, A Rettenmayr, M TI The isothermal dendritic growth experiment SO SOLIDIFICATION AND GRAVITY SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Solidification and Gravity CY APR 25-28, 1995 CL MISKOLC, HUNGARY SP Univ Miskolc, Fac Met, Phys Met Dept, Hungarian Acad Sci, Miskolc Comm, Hungarian Astronaut Assoc, Hungarian Space Off, Hungarian Min & Met Soc, Amer Soc Mat, European Council, European Mat Res Soc DE dendrite; Ivantsov; succinonitrile ID CONVECTION AB Although it is known that dendritic growth is controlled by the transport of latent heat from the moving solid/melt interface as the dendrite advances into a supercooled melt, a fully predictive analysis has eluded researchers. The complications added by gravity-driven convection preclude any straight forward zero parameter test of heat conduction analysis, crystal growth physics, or a scaling analysis associated with pattern formation theories for terrestrial dendritic growth data. The Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE) was designed, built, and flown to test dendritic growth theories by making accurate on-orbit, microgravity dendritic growth measurements, using succinonitrile (SCN: a bcc organic plastic material used here as a physical analog to metals). The IDGE was launched to a low-earth orbit by NASA in March, 1994, as one of four primary experiments comprising the second United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-2). The experiment operated for nine days at a quasi-static acceleration level of approximately 7 x 10(-7) g(o). The IDGE night data have now been analyzed, permitting a comprehensive comparison between dendritic growth under terrestrial and microgravity conditions. C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,SPACE EXPT DIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Glicksman, ME (reprint author), RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT MAT ENGN,TROY,NY 12180, USA. OI Glicksman, Martin/0000-0002-2675-2759 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-728-5 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 215 BP 179 EP 189 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BG37V UT WOS:A1996BG37V00024 ER PT S AU Watring, DA AF Watring, DA BE Roosz, A Rettenmayr, M TI The effects of vertical magnetic fields on segregation in HgCdTe SO SOLIDIFICATION AND GRAVITY SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Solidification and Gravity CY APR 25-28, 1995 CL MISKOLC, HUNGARY SP Univ Miskolc, Fac Met, Phys Met Dept, Hungarian Acad Sci, Miskolc Comm, Hungarian Astronaut Assoc, Hungarian Space Off, Hungarian Min & Met Soc, Amer Soc Mat, European Council, European Mat Res Soc DE HgCdTe; magnetic fields; radial segregation; diffusion limited ID DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED HGCDTE; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; ALLOYS; CONVECTION AB Using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX), the effects of axial magnetic fields on the segregation during vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger growth of Hg0.8Cd0.2Te were investigated. Axial compositional profiles for the nonmagnetic growth exhibited diffusion controlled growth as compared to values calculated from an exact numerical solution to the one-dimensional diffusion equation. The axial compositional profiles for the magnetically stabilized growth exhibited diffusion controlled growth with the exception of an abrupt compositional rise at 10 cm from first to freeze. This rise was found to be the result of constitutional supercooling due to the reduction of convection and the subsequent build up of a diffusion controlled boundary layer closer to the melt-liquid interface. The percent radial segregation was found to be reduced from a value of 47% to 10% with the application of the magnetic field. Marked growth interfaces revealed that the magnetic suppression of convection was efficacious in reducing the solid-liquid interface curvature by a factor of three. RP Watring, DA (reprint author), NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SPACE SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-728-5 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 215 BP 363 EP 368 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BG37V UT WOS:A1996BG37V00047 ER PT B AU Grugel, RN AF Grugel, RN BE Ohnaka, I Stefanescu, DM TI Novel processing of fibrous eutectic alloys SO SOLIDIFICATION SCIENCE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposia on Advanced Material and Technology for the 21st-Century - JIM 95 Fall Annual Meeting CY DEC 13-15, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Min Met Mat Soc, ASM Int, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Min & Mat Processing Inst Japan AB Axial rotation (325 rpm) was applied to 5mm I.D. sample crucibles containing the eutectic alloy Sn - 0.9 wt pet Cu during the course of controlled directional solidification. Subsequent measurements of the inter-rod spacing showed an overall decrease when compared to those not spun. Experimental results and a preliminary argument attributing the spacing decrease to disruption of the diffusion layer at the solid/liquid interface are presented. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Grugel, RN (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, MS ES75, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-338-4 PY 1996 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM46B UT WOS:000078811000008 ER PT B AU Fu, LL AF Fu, LL BE Wefer, G Berger, WH Siedler, G Webb, DJ TI The circulation and its variability of the South Atlantic Ocean: First results from the TOPEX/POSEIDON mission SO SOUTH ATLANTIC: PRESENT AND PAST CIRCULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the South Atlantic - Present and Past Circulation CY AUG 15-18, 1994 CL BREMEN UNIV, BREMEN, GERMANY SP Oceanog Soc, Int WOCE Sci Steering Grp, Sci Comm Ocean Res, German Res Fdn, Free & Haseat City Bremen HO BREMEN UNIV AB The sea surface height observations made by the radar altimetry system aboard the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite, the first satellite dedicated to the study of the global ocean circulation, were used to study the circulation and its variability of the South Atlantic Ocean. Preliminary results from the first 18 month's worth of data are presented on the mean ocean dynamic topography (1 year average) and its seasonal and mesoscale variabilities. Due to the large uncertainty in the geoid model at small scales, the utility of the dynamic topography is limited to scales larger than 2000 km. Comparisons were made with historical hydrographic observation and contemporaneous simulation by a computer model. Both annual and semiannual harmonics (amplitude and phase) were estimated for the sea level variations at scales larger than 500 km. The strongest seasonal variabilities (both annual and semiannual) were found in the Brazil/Malvinas Confluence and the Agulhas Retroflection, with secondary maxima in the Gulf of Guinea (semiannual) and the western tropical Atlantic (annual). The mesoscale variability revealed by the standard deviation of sea level is similar to previous observations. The effects of eddies on the mean flow, estimated from the eddy Reynolds stress, are important in the Brazil/Malvinas Confluence and the Agulhas Retroflection. RP Fu, LL (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. RI Gerold, Wefer/S-2291-2016 OI Gerold, Wefer/0000-0002-6803-2020 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-62079-6 PY 1996 BP 63 EP 82 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BH55D UT WOS:A1996BH55D00004 ER PT B AU Gillies, DC Lehoczky, SL Szofran, FR Watring, DA Alexander, HA Jerman, GA AF Gillies, DC Lehoczky, SL Szofran, FR Watring, DA Alexander, HA Jerman, GA BE Ramachandran, N TI Directional solidification of mercury cadmium telluride during the second united states microgravity payload mission (USMP-2) SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE microgravity; crystal growth; HgCdTe; solidification; fluid flow; furnace C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.244326 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00001 ER PT B AU Tucker, DS Smith, GA Workman, GL OBrien, S AF Tucker, DS Smith, GA Workman, GL OBrien, S BE Ramachandran, N TI Effects of microgravity on ZBLAN optical fibers utilizing a sounding rocket SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE ZBLAN optical fiber; crystallization; microgravity; sounding rocket C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SPACE SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.244344 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00003 ER PT B AU Watring, DA Gillies, DC Lehoczky, SL Szofran, FR Alexander, H AF Watring, DA Gillies, DC Lehoczky, SL Szofran, FR Alexander, H BE Ramachandran, N TI Convective influence on radial segregation during unidirectional solidification of the binary alloy HgCdTe SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SPACE SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.244358 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00006 ER PT B AU Paley, MS Frazier, DO AF Paley, MS Frazier, DO BE Ramachandran, N TI Photodeposition of polydiacetylene thin films for photonic applications in 1-g and in microgravity SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 114 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.244320 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00012 ER PT B AU Abdeldayem, H Frazier, DO Paley, MS Penn, B Witherow, WK Bank, C Shields, A Hicks, R Ashley, PR AF Abdeldayem, H Frazier, DO Paley, MS Penn, B Witherow, WK Bank, C Shields, A Hicks, R Ashley, PR BE Ramachandran, N TI Nonlinear optical properties of organic and polymeric thin film materials of potential for microgravity processing studies SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE nonlinear optics; bistability; microgravity; thin films; Z-scan C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SPACE SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.1117/12.244321 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00013 ER PT B AU Bune, AV Gillies, DC Lehoczky, SL AF Bune, AV Gillies, DC Lehoczky, SL BE Ramachandran, N TI Evaluation of temperature gradient in advanced automated directional solidification furnace (AADSF) by numerical simulation SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE furnace design; numerical modeling; bulk crystal growth; HgCdTe; FIDAP C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1117/12.244329 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00020 ER PT B AU Grugel, RN Brush, LN AF Grugel, RN Brush, LN BE Ramachandran, N TI Development of uniform microstructures in immiscible alloys by processing in a low-gravity environment SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 258 EP 262 DI 10.1117/12.244338 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00028 ER PT B AU Ramachandran, N AF Ramachandran, N BE Ramachandran, N TI Experiment to study the effects of spacecraft accelerations on solutal and thermo-solutal convection SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE space shuttle; glovebox; materials processing; fluids; vibration isolation; diffusion; double diffusion buoyancy; diode laser; interferometry; shadowgraph; microgravity; g-jitter C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1117/12.244339 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00029 ER PT B AU Rogers, JR Robinson, MB AF Rogers, JR Robinson, MB BE Ramachandran, N TI Containerless processing in reduced gravity using the TEMPUS facility SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE containerless processing; undercooling; solidification; levitation C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,MICROGRAV SCI & APPL DIV,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1117/12.244346 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00035 ER PT B AU Gillies, DC Reeves, FA Jeter, LB Sledd, JD Cole, JM Lehoczky, SL AF Gillies, DC Reeves, FA Jeter, LB Sledd, JD Cole, JM Lehoczky, SL BE Ramachandran, N TI The advanced automated directional solidification furnace SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 329 EP 335 DI 10.1117/12.244347 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00036 ER PT B AU Baugher, CR Ramachandran, N Roark, W AF Baugher, CR Ramachandran, N Roark, W BE Ramachandran, N TI MSG: Microgravity science glovebox SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE space station; space shuttle; glovebox; materials processing; fluids; combustion; biotechnology; microgravity C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1117/12.244349 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00038 ER PT B AU Cobb, SD Lehoczky, SL AF Cobb, SD Lehoczky, SL BE Ramachandran, N TI Space station furnace facility SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SPACE SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35758. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.1117/12.244350 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00039 ER PT B AU Watring, DA Su, CH Gillies, D Roosz, T Babcsan, N AF Watring, DA Su, CH Gillies, D Roosz, T Babcsan, N BE Ramachandran, N TI The universal multizone crystallizator (UMC) furnace: An international cooperative agreement SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SPACE SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1117/12.244351 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00040 ER PT B AU Ramachandran, N Baugher, CR Rogers, J Peters, P Roark, W Pearcy, G AF Ramachandran, N Baugher, CR Rogers, J Peters, P Roark, W Pearcy, G BE Ramachandran, N TI Thermal diffusion experiment 'Chuck' - Payload of STABLE SO SPACE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Space Processing of Materials, at SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE space shuttle; glovebox; materials processing; fluids; vibration isolation; diffusion; thermal buoyancy; diode laser interferometry; microgravity; g-jitter C1 NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2197-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2809 BP 367 EP 378 DI 10.1117/12.244352 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG07X UT WOS:A1996BG07X00041 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, R Dingus, BL Esposito, JA Bertsch, DL Cuddapah, R Fichtel, CE Hartman, RC Hunter, SD Thompson, DJ AF Mukherjee, R Dingus, BL Esposito, JA Bertsch, DL Cuddapah, R Fichtel, CE Hartman, RC Hunter, SD Thompson, DJ TI Agate: A high energy gamma-ray telescope using drift chambers SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE gamma-ray detectors; pair production; drift chambers AB The exciting results from the highly successful Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) has contributed significantly to increasing our understanding of high energy gamma-ray astronomy. A follow-on mission to EGRET is needed to continue these scientific advances as well as to address the several new scientific questions raised by EGRET. Here we describe the work being done on the development of the Advanced Gamma-Ray Astronomy Telescope Experiment (AGATE), visualized as the successor to EGRET. In order to achieve the scientific goals, AGATE will have higher sensitivity than EGRET in the energy range 30 MeV to 30 GeV, larger effective area, better angular resolution, and an extended low and high energy range. In its design, AGATE will follow the tradition of the earlier gamma-ray telescopes, SAS-P, COS B, and EGRET, and will have the same four basic components of an anticoincidence system, directional coincidence system, track imaging, and energy measurement systems. However, due to its much larger size, AGATE will use drift chambers as its track imaging system rather than the spark chambers used by EGRET. Drift chambers are an obvious choice as they have less deadtime per event, better spatial resolution; and are relatively easy and inexpensive to build. Drift chambers have low power requirements, so that many layers of drift chambers can be included. To test the feasibility of using drift chambers, we have constructed a prototype instrument consisting of a stack of sixteen 1/2m x 1/2m drift chambers and have measured the spatial resolution using atmospheric muons. The results on the drift chamber performance in the laboratory are presented here. RP NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC, CODE 662, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RI Hunter, Stanley/D-2942-2012; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 108 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UB063 UT WOS:A1996UB06300010 ER PT J AU Harding, AK AF Harding, AK TI Inverse-Compton gamma rays from plerions SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SUPER-NOVA REMNANTS; CRAB-NEBULA; HIGH-ENERGY; VELA-X; RADIATION; SPECTRUM; PULSAR; DUST AB Young pulsars surrounded by supernova remnants can power synchrotron nebulae through the injection of relativistic particles. Inverse Compton scattering by the high-energy electrons and positrons can produce TeV gamma-ray emission strong enough to be detectable by ground-based telescopes. The Crab nebula is the archetypical example of a gamma-ray plerion and was the first detected TeV source. The observed spectrum is consistent with predictions of synchrotron-self Compton models. This paper will review such models for the Crab and other plerions. Inverse-Compton scattering on other soft photon sources, particularly the 2.7K microwave background, may also be detectable in older remnants. RP NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RI Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 257 EP 268 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA UB063 UT WOS:A1996UB06300020 ER EF