FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Natishan, PM O'Grady, WE McCafferty, E Ramaker, DE Pandya, K Russell, A AF Natishan, PM O'Grady, WE McCafferty, E Ramaker, DE Pandya, K Russell, A BE Natishan, PM Isaacs, HS JanikCzachor, M Macagno, VA Marcus, P Seo, M TI A study of passive films using X-ray photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON PASSIVITY AND ITS BREAKDOWN SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Passivity and its Breakdown at the 1st Joint International Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society/International-Society-of-Electrochemistry CY SEP 01-05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div AB The uptake of chloride by aluminum polarized at potentials below (less positive than) the pitting potential in 0.1M NaCl solutions was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XPS chloride spectra showed that two distinct sets of doublets were present for samples polarized at potentials below the pitting potential. One doublet was related to chloride on the surface and the second associated with chloride incorporated in the oxide film. In the case of XAS, deconvolution of the spectra obtained for samples polarized at potentials below the pitting potential also showed the presence of chloride on the surface and in the oxide film. An important point of this work is that the observed chloride exisisted in two different chemical environments found using both XAS and XPS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Natishan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Russell, Andrea/B-8114-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-179-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 97 IS 26 BP 701 EP 711 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BL84D UT WOS:000076910000060 ER PT S AU Sengupta, K Zhao, JL AF Sengupta, K Zhao, JL BE Blanning, RW King, DR TI Designing workflow management systems for virtual organizations: An empirically grounded approach SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIRST HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES, VOL IV: INTERNET AND THE DIGITAL ECONOMY TRACT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-31) CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL KOHALA COAST, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm AB The extant literature on business process re-engineering has reported extensively on process automation and re-engineering for regular organizations. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to transient organizational structures such as virtual teams. This study examines how a virtual team can benefit from workflow management systems. Our point of departure is an empirical analysis of the communication patterns and problems in an existing virtual team. The analysis indicates that the communication activities in the team are heavily skewed in time, on subjects, and towards certain team members. This causes overload, bottlenecks and other types of dysfunctionality. We suggest how the communication patterns can be re-engineered through a set of Web-based information technology solutions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 0-8186-8255-8 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 1998 BP 365 EP 373 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA BK43F UT WOS:000072157000040 ER PT B AU Gordon, D Subramanian, D Haught, M Kobayashi, R Marshall, S AF Gordon, D Subramanian, D Haught, M Kobayashi, R Marshall, S BE Gernsbacher, MA Derry, SJ TI Modeling individual differences in learning a navigation task SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTIETH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Conference of the Cognitive-Science-Society CY AUG 01-04, 1998 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP Cognit Sci Soc HO UNIV WISCONSIN AB Our goal is to develop a cognitive model of how humans acquire skills on complex, sensorimotor tasks. To achieve this goal, we collected data from subjects learning the NRL Navigation task, then used the data to construct a model that reflects the basic, cognitive elements required to learn and thereby succeed at this task (Gordon & Subramanian, 1997). This paper describes a new experiment with human subjects on the task. Data from this experiment not only confirms the key cognitive element of our model, but also helps us better understand individual differences in learning this task. Four evaluation metrics indicate that we are able to model important trends in the evolution of action choice. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5510, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gordon@aic.nrl.navy.mil; devika@cs.rice.edu; airth@itd.nrl.navy.mil; rkobayas@aic.nrl.navy.mil; smarshall@sciences.sdsu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-3231-9 PY 1998 BP 418 EP 423 PG 6 WC Language & Linguistics; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Linguistics; Psychology GA BR96W UT WOS:000168193500081 ER PT S AU Zyda, M AF Zyda, M BE Landauer, C Bellman, KL TI Virtual reality research directions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIRTUAL WORLDS AND SIMULATION CONFERENCE (VWSIM'98) SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Virtual Worlds and Simulation Conference (VWSIM 98) at the 1998 Western MultiConference CY JAN 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zyda, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Code CS Zk, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-137-0 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1998 VL 30 IS 2 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN53E UT WOS:000082157900002 ER PT S AU Meng, JCS AF Meng, JCS BE Branover, H Unger, Y TI Wall-layer microturbulence phenomenological model and a semi-Markov probability predictive model for active electromagnetic of turbulent boundary layers SO PROGRESS IN FLUID FLOW RESEARCH: TURBULENCE AND APPLIED MHD SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Beer-Sheva International Seminar on Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Flows and Turbulence CY FEB 25-29, 1996 CL BEER SHEVA, ISRAEL SP HYDROMAG Assoc ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBER; CHANNEL FLOW; BURSTING PHENOMENON; COHERENT STRUCTURES; VISCOUS SUBLAYER; WAVE STRUCTURE; SHEAR-FLOW; REGION; VORTICES; PRESSURE C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Meng, JCS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 1-56347-284-8 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 1998 VL 182 BP 391 EP 436 PG 46 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BM63G UT WOS:000079309000026 ER PT J AU Jentsch, JD Henry, PJ Mason, PA Merritt, JH Ziriax, JM AF Jentsch, JD Henry, PJ Mason, PA Merritt, JH Ziriax, JM TI Establishing orally self-administered cocaine as a reinforcer in rats using home-cage pre-exposure SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE drinking; drug abuse; motivation; operant behavior; reward; self-administration ID DELIVERED COCAINE; DEPRIVATION; PREFERENCE; BINDING AB 1. Rats were force-exposed to a cocaine+saccharin solution in their home cage water bottles for five days. They were then given 5 h home-cage access to both cocaine and cocaine-free solutions for 40 days. 2. The subjects consumed large doses of the cocaine solution despite the ad libitum availability of water. 3. The animals were then trained on a task consisting of operant bar pressing rewarded on an intermittent schedule with a liquid cocaine reinforcer. 4. All subjects performed the operant task and consumed doses of cocaine solution which are preferred over water in other paradigms. 5. Levels of responding were significantly reduced in three of four subjects when vehicle was substituted for liquid cocaine as the reward. 6. This demonstrates that orally self-administered cocaine can be used as a reinforcer in rats. C1 Radiofrequency Radiat Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Syst Res Labs, San Antonio, TX USA. Operat Technol Corp, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Ziriax, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Detachment Brooks AFB, 8308 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-5846 J9 PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH JI Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S0278-5846(97)00105-X PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA YT840 UT WOS:000071650300014 PM 9533178 ER PT S AU Frederickson, P Davidson, K Zeisse, C Bendall, I AF Frederickson, P Davidson, K Zeisse, C Bendall, I BE Bissonnette, LR TI A comparison of near-surface bulk and scintillation C-n(2) measurements during EOPACE SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging Through the Atmosphere II CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE scintillation; refractive-index structure parameter; C-n(2); optical turbulence; bulk models; EOPACE AB During the Electro-Optical Propagation Assessment in a Coastal Environment (EOPACE) experiment of May-June 1998, infrared scintillation measurements were obtained along a 7 km path over San Diego Bay. Simultaneous meteorological measurements were obtained from a buoy located at the midpoint of the transmission path. Bulk estimates of the refractive index structure parameter, C-n(2), were computed from the buoy data and compared with scintillation-derived C-n(2) values. The bulk C-n(2) estimates agreed well with the scintillation measurements in unstable conditions. The agreement between the two methods was poor for near-neutral and stable conditions. In particular, when the air-sea temperature difference (Delta T) has small positive values the bulk model predicts the vertical refractive index gradient approaches zero, resulting in rapid decreases in bulk C-n(2) estimates. These predicted decreases in C-n(2) were not observed in the path-averaged scintillation measurements. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Frederickson, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2888-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3433 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1117/12.330244 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM19U UT WOS:000078008500008 ER PT S AU Walker, P AF Walker, P BE Bissonnette, LR TI Aerosol influences on marine atmospheric surface layer optics SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging Through the Atmosphere II CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Shipboard optical systems are used as passive sensors for threat detection. When a threat is at low altitude part of the optical path from it may lie in the marine surface layer where it is distorted by refractivity gradients caused by large vertical changes in temperature and humidity in the first several meters above the sea surface. In addition, the poorly characterized giant sea salt aerosols in this region not only contribute to scattering but add to atmospheric refractivity by an amount equal to the product of water refractivity and aerosol contribution to atmospheric liquid water content. The added refractivity is about 10 per cent of that due to water vapor, depending on relative humidity. These aerosols are created from bubble fragments and jet droplets caused by air bubbles bursting at the sea surface and can be hundreds of micrometers in size. Their size and number depend on wind speed and turbulent diffusivity. Because of the droplets 'large size the vertical profile of liquid water content decreases more rapidly than exponential leading to correspondingly larger ray bending. As for scattering the large size of the droplets means that Beer's law of extinction does not apply. Part of this work has been presented previously, but the current work will incorporate more up-to-date size distribution data for near sea surface aerosols, obtained from a literature review in progress, into calculations of forward scattering and vertical refractivity profiles using selected wind speeds, relative humidity and air-sea temperature differences. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Walker, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2888-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3433 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.330208 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM19U UT WOS:000078008500010 ER PT S AU McGrath, CP AF McGrath, CP BE Bissonnette, LR TI Ocean background modeling for target acquisition weather software (TAWS) SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging Through the Atmosphere II CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE EOPACE; EOTDA; EOMDA; TAWS; SeaRad; IRTool; ocean backgrounds; tactical decision aids AB WIN-EOTDA (Windows 95 Electrooptical Tactical Decision Aid) is a Navy strike warfare mission-planning tool based on the original Electrooptical Tactical Decision Aid (EOTDA) developed by the US Air Force in the 1980s. The WIN-EOTDA has been adapted to US Navy applications by adding a MS-Windows graphical user interface, Navy sensors and targets, and an improved ocean background model, atmospheric transmission model and sky radiance model. Future requirements for the WIN-EOTDA include the addition of scene rendering capability, modeling in the midwave infrared band, and scenarios involving near surface sensor heights. This report uses data collected during the Electrooptical Propagation Assessment in Coastal Environments (EOPACE) trials to discuss the current Navy improvements to the original ocean background model as well as improvements needed to meet the future Naval requirements. The current improvements involve replacing the original semi-empirical water background model with a combination of the MODTRAN sky radiance model and the SeaRad ocean radiance model. The SeaRad model (developed by Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego) is a rigorous geometric capillary wave model based on the Cox and Munk wave-slope statistical model. While the SeaRad model is suitable for moderate wind, high altitude, slant-path sensor configurations, it is inadequate for the near-surface scenarios required for the future replacement for the WIN-EOTDA. A near-surface water background model must include wave swell and effects of whitecaps. It must be coupled with an atmospheric model that includes refraction and scintillation effect. This report discusses the current improvements to the WIN-EOTDA and how algorithms used for Infrared Search and Track (IRST) development, such as in IRTool, could be adapted to meet future requirements. The eventual replacement for WIN-EOTDA is a software program under development by the US Air Force called Target Acquisition Weather Software (TAWS). The results of this case study indicate the combined SeaRad and MODTRAN modifications improve ocean background prediction performance for the high-altitude strike warfare view angles. This addition of a clutter model, such as in LRTool, may make the ocean background model suitable for surface warfare and near-horizon scenarios. However, this hypothesis warrants further investigation. C1 USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, Propagat Div, Tropospher Branch, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP McGrath, CP (reprint author), USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, Propagat Div, Tropospher Branch, D883,49170 Propagat Path, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2888-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3433 BP 128 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.330211 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM19U UT WOS:000078008500013 ER PT S AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI BE Bissonnette, LR TI Empirical relationship between aerosol scattering phase function and optical thickness of atmosphere above the ocean SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging Through the Atmosphere II CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE marine aerosols; scattering; atmospheric optics; optical properties AB This paper presents a statistical analysis of aerosol phase functions measured under marine conditions with the total atmospheric optical thickness. The result of the analysis is an empirical equation that expresses the aerosol phase function of scattering in the visible region through two tabulated empirical functions and a total aerosol optical thickness at 745 nm. The extrapolation of the atmospheric optical thickness to the visible spectrum is accomplished via an Angsrom-type empirical equation that includes the wavelength of light and the aerosol optical thickness at 745 nm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2888-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3433 BP 334 EP 342 DI 10.1117/12.330229 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM19U UT WOS:000078008500033 ER PT S AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI BE Bissonnette, LR TI Matrix equation for radiative transport in sea-atmospheric system SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging Through the Atmosphere II CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE radiative transfer; scattering; ocean optics; atmospheric optics AB The proposed approach is based on the theory developed for the marine environment. This approach is tuned to be valid in the whole range of optical properties including an unrealistic case of a totally scattering sea. Because the atmosphere below the ozone layer is totally scattering in the visible range of spectrum, the proposed approach may be applied to the atmosphere by setting the absorption coefficient to zero. The solutions to the light scattering problem for oceanic and atmospheric parts are obtained. The one-parameter optical models of seawater and atmosphere are presented. The proposed model allows to calculate spectral albedo of the ocean-atmosphere system as a function of three input parameters: the chlorophyll concentration, the aerosol atmospheric optical thickness at near infrared, and the solar zenith angle. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2888-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3433 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1117/12.330231 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM19U UT WOS:000078008500034 ER PT S AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI BE Bissonnette, LR TI Algorithm for atmospheric correction of airborne AVIRIS ocean images SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging Through the Atmosphere II CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE ocean optics; atmospheric optics; atmospheric correction AB The algorithm presented in this paper is based on the previously published analytic theory by the author. That theory is based on the scalar radiative transfer approach and it generalizes the satellite Tanre-Deschampes algorithm to the aircraft situation. The restoration of the atmospheric optical parameters is based on a new empirical relationship between the scattering phase function by aerosols and the total aerosol optical thickness in the near infrared. Examples of processed with the proposed algorithm airborne AVIRIS images of the Gulf of Mexico and North-West Atlantic in different spectral bands are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7331, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2888-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3433 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1117/12.330232 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM19U UT WOS:000078008500035 ER PT S AU Borden, B AF Borden, B BE Miceli, WJ TI Reduction of radar image artifacts caused by target inlets SO RADAR PROCESSING, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Processing, Technology, and Applications III CY JUL 20-21, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE SAR; ISAR; inlet; duct; cavity; image artifact; gamma-transform; strive transform AB The 'weak scatterer' approximation is usually inappropriate for re-entrant target structures, and ISAR images based on this approximation often display unwanted 'artifacts' which can complicate image interpretation. Last year, Ne presented an image restoration method which can be used to mitigate these artifacts without significant impact on neighboring image components and demonstrated its application using anechoic chamber data (SPIE Proc., Radar Processing, Technology, and Applications II, vol. 3161, pp. 9-19 (1997)). Since then, we have further examined this novel filtering technique and applied it to measured ISAR data. In addition, duct shape-specific parameters can be recovered using this analysis, and we have looked at the possibility of applying these to the problem of radar-based target classification. Our presentation will review the past theory and present results of our investigations over the past year. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Grp, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Grp, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2917-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3462 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.326762 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BM20P UT WOS:000078028400004 ER PT S AU Knaell, K AF Knaell, K BE Miceli, WJ TI Progress in three-dimensional SAR from curvilinear apertures SO RADAR PROCESSING, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Processing, Technology, and Applications III CY JUL 20-21, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE 3D; SAR; ISAR; ML; PML; CLEAN; least square; radar; aperture; autofocus; image AB Point spread functions produced by three families of curvilinear apertures are derived and their characteristics evaluated for three-dimensional imaging. Outputs have been obtained for previously proposed speedups in the PML algorithm and consideration for further refinement introduced. Preliminary autofocus results making use of the stability afforded by the PML algorithm are presented. C1 Carderock Div NSWC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Knaell, K (reprint author), Carderock Div NSWC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2917-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3462 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.326738 PG 12 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BM20P UT WOS:000078028400012 ER PT B AU Fox, AJ Abare, WE Ross, A AF Fox, AJ Abare, WE Ross, A GP IEEE TI Suitability of COTS IBM 64M DRAM in space SO RADECS 97: FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 97) CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Thomson CSF, Aerospatiale Espace & Def, TEMIC Semiconductors, CEA/DAM, Ministere Culture, Sandia Natl Labs AB This paper provides results of total dose and heavy ion testing of the IBM 0165400 DRAM, and discusses the architectural impacts of using these parts in a solid state digital recorder in a LEO orbit. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fox, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4071-X PY 1998 BP 240 EP 244 DI 10.1109/RADECS.1997.698899 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL38P UT WOS:000075341800041 ER PT B AU Stanton, ME Barth, JL Stassinopoulos, EG Stapor, WJ Jordan, TM AF Stanton, ME Barth, JL Stassinopoulos, EG Stapor, WJ Jordan, TM GP IEEE TI Proton transport through graphite composite honeycomb solar array panel SO RADECS 97: FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 97) CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Thomson CSF, Aerospatiale Espace & Def, TEMIC Semiconductors, CEA/DAM, Ministere Culture, Sandia Natl Labs AB The transport of energetic protons through aluminum and advanced graphite composite honeycomb structures, used for solar array panels, has been investigated. The measured spectra reveal significantly more low energy protons are transmitted than predicted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stanton, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4071-X PY 1998 BP 305 EP 310 DI 10.1109/RADECS.1997.698914 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL38P UT WOS:000075341800052 ER PT B AU Melinger, JS McMorrow, D Buchner, S Knudson, AR Tran, LH Campbell, AB AF Melinger, JS McMorrow, D Buchner, S Knudson, AR Tran, LH Campbell, AB GP IEEE TI Investigations of single-event upsets and charge collection in micro-electronics using variable-length laser-generated charge tracks SO RADECS 97: FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 97) CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Thomson CSF, Aerospatiale Espace & Def, TEMIC Semiconductors, CEA/DAM, Ministere Culture, Sandia Natl Labs AB In this paper we examine how single-event upsets (SEU) and related charge collection characteristics in microelectronic circuits and devices depend on the depth of charge deposited by a picosecond laser pulse. Charge tracks of variable length are generated by tuning the laser wavelength through the semiconductor absorption spectrum. Our results show that the variable-length charge tracks provide a unique and sensitive probe of the charge collection volume of a micro-electronic circuit/device. In favorable cases we show how the wavelength tunability of the laser can be used to provide an experimental estimate of the charge collection depth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4071-X PY 1998 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1109/RADECS.1997.698921 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL38P UT WOS:000075341800058 ER PT B AU McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Knudson, AR Buchner, S Tran, LH Campbell, AB AF McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Knudson, AR Buchner, S Tran, LH Campbell, AB GP IEEE TI Charge-enhancement mechanisms of GaAs field-effect transistors: Experiment and simulation SO RADECS 97: FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 97) CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Thomson CSF, Aerospatiale Espace & Def, TEMIC Semiconductors, CEA/DAM, Ministere Culture, Sandia Natl Labs AB The charge-collection processes of GaAs field-effect transistors are investigated as a function of the incident laser pulse energy via time-resolved charge-collection measurements and by two-dimensional computer simulation. The measurements and simulations reveal a feature that persists on a time scale of 100 ps, the amplitude of which varies strongly with the injected carrier density (pulse energy). The appearance of this feature is associated with a barrier lowering effect at the source/substrate junction, coupled with the drift-assisted transport of electrons through the substrate to the drain contact. This behavior is similar, but not identical to bipolar-gain models that have been suggested previously. We introduce the concept of ion-track segments and illustrate their utility in interrogating the complex mechanisms of charge collection and enhancement in GaAs FETs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4071-X PY 1998 BP 346 EP 352 DI 10.1109/RADECS.1997.698932 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL38P UT WOS:000075341800059 ER PT B AU Buchner, S Olmos, M Cheynet, P Velazco, R McMorrow, D Melinger, J Ecoffet, R Muller, JD AF Buchner, S Olmos, M Cheynet, P Velazco, R McMorrow, D Melinger, J Ecoffet, R Muller, JD GP IEEE TI Pulsed laser validation of recovery mechanisms of critical SEE's in an artificial neural network system. SO RADECS 97: FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 97) CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Thomson CSF, Aerospatiale Espace & Def, TEMIC Semiconductors, CEA/DAM, Ministere Culture, Sandia Natl Labs AB A pulsed laser was used to inject errors into an electronic system consisting of a number of different integrated circuits functioning as a digital version of an artificial neural network. The results confirm that the system as a whole can operate autonomously in the radiation environment of space. Additional work was done to characterize the effects of the upsets on the output of the artificial neural network. C1 SFA Inc, NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), SFA Inc, NRL, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4071-X PY 1998 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1109/RADECS.1997.698934 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL38P UT WOS:000075341800060 ER PT B AU Williams, GM Friebele, EJ AF Williams, GM Friebele, EJ GP IEEE TI Space radiation effects on erbium-doped fiber devices: Sources, amplifiers, and passive measurements SO RADECS 97: FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 97) CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Thomson CSF, Aerospatiale Espace & Def, TEMIC Semiconductors, CEA/DAM, Ministere Culture, Sandia Natl Labs AB Measurements have been made of the effect of gamma-irradiation on the performance of active erbium-doped fiber devices. These include the decrease in optical power of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and a superluminescent source (SLS), and the shift in centroid wavelength of the SLS with exposure. Calculations have been performed to correlate these effects with the radiation-induced absorption measured passively. Excellent agreement was obtained for the radiation-induced power loss in the EDFA, and good agreement was obtained for the SLS. However, the calculation underestimated the centroid wavelength shift in the SLS by a factor of similar to 3. A model has been developed to extrapolate the results of passive loss measurements to the low dose rates typical of the natural space environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4071-X PY 1998 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.1109/RADECS.1997.698955 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL38P UT WOS:000075341800068 ER PT B AU Campbell, AB Musseau, O Ferlet-Cavrois, V Stapor, WJ McDonald, PT AF Campbell, AB Musseau, O Ferlet-Cavrois, V Stapor, WJ McDonald, PT GP IEEE TI Analysis of single event effects at grazing angle SO RADECS 97: FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 97) CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Thomson CSF, Aerospatiale Espace & Def, TEMIC Semiconductors, CEA/DAM, Ministere Culture, Sandia Natl Labs AB Investigation of single event effects at grazing angle by both charge collection and multiple bit upset measurements evidences modified collection mechanisms with charge transfer between adjacent reverse biased structures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campbell, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4071-X PY 1998 BP 528 EP 536 DI 10.1109/RADECS.1997.698992 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL38P UT WOS:000075341800091 ER PT J AU Krosshavn, M Carroll, J Engoy, T Grenness, O Johnsen, A Johnson, D King, SE Ruud, AB AF Krosshavn, M Carroll, J Engoy, T Grenness, O Johnsen, A Johnson, D King, SE Ruud, AB TI Transport pathways of radionuclides and chemical contaminants in the Kara Sea SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Radionuclides in the Oceans - Distributions, Models and Impacts (RADOC 96-97) CY APR 07-11, 1997 CL NORWICH, ENGLAND AB A joint Norwegian/US field expedition to the Kara Sea was carried out in August-September 1995. The main purpose of the expedition was to monitor contamination levels in sea water and sediments, determine transport pathways of contaminants and investigate oceanographic circulation patterns. The results from this investigation corroborate earlier findings that Cs-137 and Sr-90 concentrations are not appreciably elevated above expected levels for the Kara Sea. Although the potential for sorption of Cs-137 and Sr-90 to sediments is greatest within the mixing zones of the rivers Ob and Yenisey, the observed distribution of Cs-137 and Sr-90 in the Kara Sea is primarily controlled by water mass transport processes. influence of a Sr-90 contribution from the rivers has been detected in the Ob and Yenisey estuaries. The concentration levels of heavy metals is generally very low and the levels of PCBs were below the detection limit for all the measured samples. C1 Norwegian Def Res Estab, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. Int Atom Energy Agcy, Marine Environm Lab, MC-8012 Monaco, Monaco. Norwegian Def Res Estab, Horten, Norway. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Energy Technol, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. RP Krosshavn, M (reprint author), Norwegian Def Res Estab, POB 25, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 75 IS 1-4 BP 229 EP 236 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZQ347 UT WOS:000073850200043 ER PT J AU Scott, EM Gurbutt, P Harmes, I Heling, R Kinehara, Y Nielsen, SP Osvath, I Preller, R Sazykina, T Wada, A Sjoeblom, KL AF Scott, EM Gurbutt, P Harmes, I Heling, R Kinehara, Y Nielsen, SP Osvath, I Preller, R Sazykina, T Wada, A Sjoeblom, KL TI Radiological impact assessment within the IAEA Arctic Assessment Project (IASAP) SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Radionuclides in the Oceans - Distributions, Models and Impacts (RADOC 96-97) CY APR 07-11, 1997 CL NORWICH, ENGLAND AB As part of the International Arctic Seas Assessment Project (IASAP) of IAEA, a working group was created to model the dispersal and transfer of radionuclides released from radioactive waste disposed of in the Kara Sea and bays of Novaya Zemlya and to assess the radiological impact. Existing models were extended, and new models developed to incorporate several features of the area (including ice formation and transport) which present modelling challenges. An extensive inter-model comparison involving both compartmental and 3-D hydrodynamic models was then carried out. Finally, the radiological impact was assessed based on several release scenarios prepared by the IASAP Sources working group. These included 'best estimate' release, 'plausible worst case' and 'worst case' scenarios. Collective dose as well as individual dose to identified populations were calculated. This paper reviews the models developed, highlights the general features of the inter-comparison and discusses the radiological impact assessment and conclusions based on it. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Stat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. MAFF, Fisheries Lab, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England. IAEA, Marine Environm Lab, Monaco, Monaco. KEMA, Arnhem, Netherlands. Mitsubishi Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. SPA Typhoon, Obninsk, Russia. Nihon Univ, Coll Ind Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Tokyo 102, Japan. IAEA Waste Management Div, Vienna, Austria. RP Scott, EM (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Stat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RI OSVATH, IOLANDA/G-8809-2011 OI OSVATH, IOLANDA/0000-0002-8580-5566 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 75 IS 1-4 BP 257 EP 261 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZQ347 UT WOS:000073850200047 ER PT B AU Hummel, CA AF Hummel, CA BE Zensus, JA Taylor, GB Wrobel, JM TI The radio jet of quasar 0153+744 SO RADIO EMISSION FROM GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC COMPACT SOURCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 164 on Radio Emission from Galactic and Extragalactic Compact Sources CY APR 21-26, 1997 CL NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL, MACEY CTR, SOCORRO, NM SP Int Astron Union, Commiss 28 Galaxies, Int Astron Union, Commiss 40 Radio Astron, Union Radio Sci Int, Commiss J Radio Astron, Associated Univ Inc HO NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL, MACEY CTR AB We highlight a few aspects of the radio jet of quasar 0153+744, Some challenge the relativistic beaming model to explain a stationary jet of short length and ending in a bright secondary component, extreme bending of the jet, and the lack of any emission on the counter jet side. We discuss a model of a precessing mildly relativistic jet for 0153+744. C1 USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hummel, CA (reprint author), USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, AD 5, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-64-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 144 BP 61 EP 62 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BL75N UT WOS:000076608500019 ER PT B AU Katz-Stone, DM Rudnick, L AF Katz-Stone, DM Rudnick, L BE Zensus, JA Taylor, GB Wrobel, JM TI A spectral analysis of 3C 67 and 3C 190 SO RADIO EMISSION FROM GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC COMPACT SOURCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 164 on Radio Emission from Galactic and Extragalactic Compact Sources CY APR 21-26, 1997 CL NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL, MACEY CTR, SOCORRO, NM SP Int Astron Union, Commiss 28 Galaxies, Int Astron Union, Commiss 40 Radio Astron, Union Radio Sci Int, Commiss J Radio Astron, Associated Univ Inc HO NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL, MACEY CTR AB Using new high resolution VLA and VLBA data and existing MERLIN data of 3C 67 and 3C190, we find both sources have a complex spectral structure similar to larger Fanaroff-Riley type II sources. Our analysis of 3C 190 predicts either an unusually sheep injection index of -0.8 and a young age, or a superposition of different age spectral components. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Katz-Stone, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-64-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 144 BP 181 EP 182 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BL75N UT WOS:000076608500076 ER PT B AU Gaume, RA Fey, AL AF Gaume, RA Fey, AL BE Zensus, JA Taylor, GB Wrobel, JM TI The radio reference frame SO RADIO EMISSION FROM GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC COMPACT SOURCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 164 on Radio Emission from Galactic and Extragalactic Compact Sources CY APR 21-26, 1997 CL NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL, MACEY CTR, SOCORRO, NM SP Int Astron Union, Commiss 28 Galaxies, Int Astron Union, Commiss 40 Radio Astron, Union Radio Sci Int, Commiss J Radio Astron, Associated Univ Inc HO NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL, MACEY CTR AB The Radio Reference Frame, defined by the radio positions of a large number of extragalactic sources, marks a milestone in the production of a global, self-consistent, quasi-inertial celestial reference frame accurate at the milliarcsecond level. A brief review of the current status and future direction of the project is presented. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Gaume, RA (reprint author), USN Observ, Code EO,3450 Mass Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-64-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 144 BP 383 EP 384 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BL75N UT WOS:000076608500170 ER PT B AU Fey, AL Charlot, P AF Fey, AL Charlot, P BE Zensus, JA Taylor, GB Wrobel, JM TI VLBA observations of radio reference frame sources. II. Astrometric suitability based on observed structure SO RADIO EMISSION FROM GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC COMPACT SOURCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 164 on Radio Emission from Galactic and Extragalactic Compact Sources CY APR 21-26, 1997 CL NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL, MACEY CTR, SOCORRO, NM SP Int Astron Union, Commiss 28 Galaxies, Int Astron Union, Commiss 40 Radio Astron, Union Radio Sci Int, Commiss J Radio Astron, Associated Univ Inc HO NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL, MACEY CTR AB We use source models derived from VLBA observations of 169 extragalactic sources to quantify the expected effects of intrinsic source structure on astrometric bandwidth synthesis VLBI observations. We define a source "structure index" based on the median structure corrections and suggest that this index can be used as an estimate of the astrometric quality of the sources. A correlation between the compactness of the sources and their formal position uncertainties was found indicating that the more extended sources have larger formal position uncertainties. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Fey, AL (reprint author), USN Observ, Code EO 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-64-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 144 BP 387 EP 388 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BL75N UT WOS:000076608500172 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Rodriguez, P AF Keskinen, MJ Rodriguez, P TI Modulation instability at the upper hybrid layer in high-power radio wave ionospheric heating SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; ORDINARY-MODE; IRREGULARITIES; EXCITATION; SCATTERING; FACILITY AB A model of the evolution of finite amplitude upper hybrid waves generated at the upper hybrid resonance height during high-power radio wave ionospheric heating is presented. We show that the threshold for modulation instability can be exceeded for upper hybrid wave amplitudes of the order of a few tens of millivolts per meter and will be excited for scale sizes, perpendicular to the geomagnetic field, of the order of a few tens of electron gyroradii. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Charged Particle Phys Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1029/97RS02970 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA YX749 UT WOS:000072073400013 ER PT B AU Stiles, SN Clark, CF AF Stiles, SN Clark, CF GP RADTECH TI Radiation curable binder matrices of interest in manufacturing energetic materials: A green technology for today SO RADTECH'98 NORTH AMERICA UV/EB CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International UV/EB Processing Conference and Exhibition (RadTech 98) CY APR 19-22, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP RadTech Int N Amer AB Radiation curing offers many environmental and processing advantages that are attractive in the manufacture of energetic materials. Conventional methods often employ volatile organic compounds(VOCs) for formulating and thermally induced cure cycles lasting days, depending on the size of the ordnance. This first look at curing binder matrices of known formulations demonstrated the attractiveness of rapid curing at ambient conditions. Binder systems were chosen on the basis of the mechanism identical to that of radiation induced polymerization. This mechanism being a chain growth polymerization is common to compounds containing an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond, typically a double bond. Two binder systems were chosen, one is used in a plastic bonded explosive (PBX) mixture for warheads and the other is used as a support. during assembly. of a double base rocket motor. The binders were cured with either an electron beam or gamma rays. The cured binder used in PBX's was compared to its chemically cured formulation for its respective mechanical properties. Thermomechanical and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to determine glass transition (Tg), linear expansion (a) above and below the glass transition, % expansion, storage modulus (E') and loss modulus (E ") for the PBX binder formulation. Shore D hardness was used to compare the degree of cure for the support rod formulation. A variety of sample configurations were prepared to suit the experimental setup of the radiation source. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Explos & Propellants Div, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Stiles, SN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Explos & Propellants Div, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADTECH INT NORTHAMERICA PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, SUITE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA BN 1-878664-18-2 PY 1998 BP 266 EP 284 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BL15E UT WOS:000074494700035 ER PT J AU Soni, MH Baronavski, AP McElvany, SW AF Soni, MH Baronavski, AP McElvany, SW TI Trace analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water using multiphoton ionization membrane introduction mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; CATIONS; DISSOCIATION AB We have combined the resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) technique with membrane introduction mass spectrometry to significantly enhance its performance in the direct analysis of select polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water. We have used UV radiation from a pulsed KrF (lambda = 248 nm) excimer laser to selectively ionize PAHs sampled directly from their aqueous solutions by a silicone membrane probe. The ionization and mass analysis is carried out using a modified GCQ ion trap mass spectrometer. The REMPI method provides exceptional selectivity as demonstrated in the detection of parts-per-trillion levels of pyrene in the presence of abundant background neutrals from the matrix, pump-oil, membrane and other sources. The instrumentation and experimental results using naphthalene and pyrene are presented. The selectivity and sensitivity of standard electron impact ionization is also compared with 248 nm multiphoton ionization to illustrate the improvements in performance. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This paper was produced under the auspices of the US Government and it is therefore not subject to copyright in the US. C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McElvany, SW (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 1998 VL 12 IS 21 BP 1635 EP 1638 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19981115)12:21<1635::AID-RCM378>3.3.CO;2-U PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 133JC UT WOS:000076682600007 ER PT J AU Irey, PM Harrison, RD Marlow, DT AF Irey, PM Harrison, RD Marlow, DT TI Techniques for LAN performance analysis in a real-time environment SO REAL-TIME SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Real-Time Systems (4th WPDRTS) CY 1996 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII DE network; testing; performance evaluation; ATM; TCP; UDP; IP; LAN AB The Navy is a large user of real-time systems. A modern surface ship is deployed with hundreds of computers which are required for the ship to perform its mission. The Navy is moving away from using "niche" market components to meet its real-time computing needs and towards distributed processing using Commercial-Off-The-Shelf(COTS) computing components. The use of commercial real-time computing components requires careful evaluation to determine if they can meet the real-time requirements. This paper focuses on evaluating the communication resources for use aboard a Navy ship. Presented are: (1) Key performance metrics for assessing the communication capabilities of computers for use aboard Navy ships; (2) An assessment of existing methods for determining these metrics; (3) A methodology for collecting data to evaluate a particular component's performance related to these; (4) Examples of applying the methodology; and (5) Examples of quantitative analysis using the metrics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Combat Syst Branch, Syst Res & Technol Dept,Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Irey, PM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Combat Syst Branch, Syst Res & Technol Dept,Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6443 J9 REAL-TIME SYST JI Real-Time Syst. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 14 IS 1 BP 21 EP 44 DI 10.1023/A:1007989718842 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA ZA285 UT WOS:000072348200003 ER PT S AU Berzins, V AF Berzins, V BE Broy, M Rumpe, B TI Merging changes to software specifications SO REQUIREMENTS TARGETING SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Requirements Targeting Software and Systems Engineering (RTSE 97) CY OCT 12-14, 1997 CL BERNRIED, GERMANY ID PROGRAMS AB We propose a model of software changes and a method for combining changes to a software specification. This work was motivated by the desire to provide automated decision support for the evolution of software prototypes. We define a behavioral refinement ordering on software specifications and indicate how this structure can be used to automatically combine several changes to a specification. A set of examples illustrates the ideas. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Berzins, V (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65309-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1526 BP 121 EP 131 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BP55J UT WOS:000085483400005 ER PT S AU Luqi AF Luqi BE Broy, M Rumpe, B TI Formal models and prototyping SO REQUIREMENTS TARGETING SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Requirements Targeting Software and Systems Engineering (RTSE 97) CY OCT 12-14, 1997 CL BERNRIED, GERMANY ID SOFTWARE; SPECIFICATION; PROGRAMS AB Rapid prototyping is a promising approach for formulating accurate software requirements, particularly for complex systems with hard real-time constraints. Computer aid is needed for realizing the potential benefits of this approach in practice, because the problems associated with software evolution are greatly amplified in the context of iterative prototyping and exploratory design. This paper presents our newest models of software evolution products and processes, and explains the models and engineering automation capabilities they support via examples. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luqi (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65309-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1526 BP 257 EP 272 DI 10.1007/10692867_12 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BP55J UT WOS:000085483400012 ER PT J AU Zhu, W Rose, JL Barshinger, JN Agarwala, VS AF Zhu, W Rose, JL Barshinger, JN Agarwala, VS TI Ultrasonic guided wave NDT for hidden corrosion detection SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article ID LAMB WAVES; PLATE; SCATTERING; REFLECTION AB An experimental study of hidden corrosion detection by using ultrasonic guided waves is presented combined with a BEM numerical simulation. Both corrosion simulation specimens by machine cutting and real corrosion specimens by electrochemical processing were used in the investigation, with a range of corrosion depths from 0.02 to 0.4 mm (1.5 to 20% of the original plate thickness). Various wave modes were subsequently generated on these specimens to examine the implications of thinning on mode cutoff, group velocity, and transmission and reflection amplitudes. The transmission and reflection of guided waves upon entering the corrosion zone were simulated by a hybrid BEM calculation that combines a normal mode expansion technique of Lamb waves for far fields with the boundary element representation for the scattered near fields. A quantitative technique for hidden corrosion depth with guided waves is developed based on a frequency compensation concept. The estimated depth of the real corrosion by this method shows good agreement with that by an optical microscope. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Zhu, W (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 114 Hallowell Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI CHEN, Jiangang/A-1549-2011 NR 16 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 4 BP 205 EP 225 DI 10.1080/09349849808968143 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 150MZ UT WOS:000077669900002 ER PT B AU Bearse, TM Lynch, ML AF Bearse, TM Lynch, ML BE Sheppard, JW Simpson, WR TI Fault hypothesis computations using fuzzy logic SO RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES AND CASE STUDIES IN SYSTEM TEST AND DIAGNOSIS SE FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONIC TESTING : A KLUWER INTERNATIONAL BOOK SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on System Test and Diagnosis CY APR, 1998 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA DE fuzzy logic; model-based diagnostics; diagnostic inference model; diagnostic reasoner; test inference uncertainty; test outcome uncertainty; fault hypothesis; diagnostic reasoning conflict; AI-ESTATE AB The authors apply fuzzy logic techniques to fulfill the requirement to compute a fault hypothesis in a model-based diagnostics reasoner. The primary focus of the research is to illustrate the use of fuzzy sets to derive the current fault hypothesis given test outcomes. In the approach, measurement parameters are mapped to test outcomes using membership functions, and a fuzzy logic processor is used to combine the evidence associated with multiple outcomes from a test as well as information from multiple tests. The chapter deals with two types of uncertainty: test outcome uncertainty and test inference uncertainty. The issues of conflict detection and mitigation, and rehabilitation of conclusions are addressed. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Bearse, TM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-8263-3 J9 FR ELECTR T PY 1998 BP 29 EP 53 PG 25 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN28C UT WOS:000081415400003 ER PT B AU Bearse, TM AF Bearse, TM BE Sheppard, JW Simpson, WR TI Deriving a diagnostic inference model from a test strategy SO RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES AND CASE STUDIES IN SYSTEM TEST AND DIAGNOSIS SE FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONIC TESTING : A KLUWER INTERNATIONAL BOOK SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on System Test and Diagnosis CY APR, 1998 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA DE model based diagnostics; diagnostic inference model; asymmetric; diagnostic inference model; test program set; test program; test strategy; fault tree; asymmetric model generation; attribute map AB Model based diagnostics is receiving serious consideration for use in diagnostic test programs. New weapon systems are considering model based diagnostics for its potential for life cycle cost savings and performance improvements. While the potential of model based diagnostics was targeted for use on new weapon systems, its potential for use on existing systems should not be overlooked. One issue with considering model based diagnostics for these systems is the effort to derive a useful model. It is known that the development of a model is the hard part of the problem (Dill, 1994; Simpson and Sheppard, 1994; Sheppard and Simpson, 1994). This chapter examines the feasibility of deriving a Diagnostic Inference Model from an existing fault tree. This study starts with an existing symmetric model and its resulting fault tree. From the symmetric model based fault tree, an attempt is made to rederive the original model. It will be seen that it is not feasible to rederive the original symmetric model from the fault tree. However, it will be shown that useful diagnostic information can be derived in the form of an asymmetric Diagnostic Inference Model of the system. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Bearse, TM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-8263-3 J9 FR ELECTR T PY 1998 BP 55 EP 67 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN28C UT WOS:000081415400004 ER PT B AU Liu, JM AF Liu, JM BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Microwave scattering for the characterization of a disc-shape void in dielectric materials and composites SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Liu, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 699 EP 703 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500090 ER PT B AU Batra, NK Mignogna, RB Schechter, RS Delsanto, PP Ruffino, E Scalerandi, M AF Batra, NK Mignogna, RB Schechter, RS Delsanto, PP Ruffino, E Scalerandi, M BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Simulation of ultrasound propagation across interfaces with imperfect contact SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Batra, NK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 971 EP 977 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500125 ER PT B AU Schechter, RS Batra, NK Mignogna, RB Simmonds, KE Delsanto, PP AF Schechter, RS Batra, NK Mignogna, RB Simmonds, KE Delsanto, PP BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Parallel computation of ultrasonic wave propagation in orthotropic composite materials SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schechter, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 1177 EP 1184 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500152 ER PT B AU Bashkansky, M Duncan, MD Reintjes, J AF Bashkansky, M Duncan, MD Reintjes, J BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI High-speed high-resolution subsurface defect detection in ceramics using optical gating techniques. SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 5642, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 1785 EP 1791 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500231 ER PT B AU Morris, E Glowacki, LM Bond, LJ AF Morris, E Glowacki, LM Bond, LJ BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Integrated quality assurance program for the Hydra-70 solid rocket motor SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 USN, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Morris, E (reprint author), USN, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 1973 EP 1980 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500256 ER PT J AU Boulais, KA Choe, JY Irwin, KA Higdon, CE AF Boulais, KA Choe, JY Irwin, KA Higdon, CE TI Microwave absorption for water plume density measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We describe an experimental method to measure the water density of a plume created from a shallow underwater explosion. Our approach is based on the attenuation characteristics of a microwave signal propagated through the plume. A unique correlation exists between the amount of attenuation and macroscopic quantities including the volume fraction of water in air. In this article, both the theory required for data analysis and the experimental arrangement used for measuring the highly attenuated microwave signal are discussed. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Boulais, KA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 69 IS 1 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1063/1.1148525 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA YT229 UT WOS:000071578800030 ER PT J AU Looney, RE AF Looney, RE TI Foreign capital flows and defence expenditures: Patterns of causation and constraint in Pakistan SO REVUE CANADIENNE D ETUDES DU DEVELOPPEMENT-CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES ASSISTANCE; MILITARY EXPENDITURE; COUNTRIES; CAUSALITY AB This analysis shows the extent to which defence expenditures have affected the borrowing decisions of die government of Pakistan. Has the government resorted to increased borrowing in these markets to expand allocations to the military Or, in contrast, have increased defence expenditures tended to restrict access to external credit? Weapons purchased with scarce foreign exchange lead to the availability of fewer resources for the import of investment goods essential for self-sustaining growth. On the one hand, external financing of defence Expenditures would reduce the short-run sacrifices often associated with military expenditures. On the other hand, it appears that international lenders such Its the International Monetary Fund (IMF) may be increasingly inclined to restrict lending to countries with high levels of defence expenditures. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Looney, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST INT DEV CO-OP PI OTTAWA PA UNIV OTTAWA 25 UNIVERSITE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1N 6N5, CANADA SN 0225-5189 J9 REV CAN ETUD DEV JI Rev. Can. Etud. Dev.-Can. J. Dev. Stud. PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1 BP 117 EP 132 PG 16 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 118WC UT WOS:000075862900006 ER PT S AU Kanayama, YJ Fahroo, F AF Kanayama, YJ Fahroo, F BE Guglielmi, M TI A circle tracking method for nonholonomic vehicles SO ROBOT CONTROL 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IFAC SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IFAC Symposium on Robot Control 1997 (SYROCO 97) CY SEP 03-05, 1997 CL NANTES, FRANCE SP Int Federat Automat Control, Int Federat Informat Proc, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Tech Comm Robot, IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, Inst Rech Cybernet Nantes, Ecole Cent Nantes, INRIA Rhone Alpes, Mairie Nantes, Min Natl Educ Res & Technol, France, CEREM, Adv Syst, ATLANTECH, DGA DE autonomous vehicles; motion control; circle tracking; stability AB In this paper a circle tracking algorithm is proposed for vehicles under the nonholonomic constraint using the curvature controlling principle. The algorithm is derived for controlling the movement of the vehicle to track a given directed circle without allowing any spinning motion. The derivative of path curvature is computed as a linear function of the current vehicle path curvature, vehicle orientation, and positional difference. This function is called a steering function. This is a generalization of the algorithm that has been previously developed by the authors for the straight line tracking problem. By linearization an optimal selection of parameters is found for critically damped motions and a single parameter <(sigma)over cap> for tracking is obtained called smoothness. This method is simple and is applicable to numerous motion control problems. To verify the effectiveness and usefulness of this steering function method for tracking a circular path, numerous simulation results are presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kanayama, YJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0962-9505 BN 0-08-043026-0 J9 IFAC SYMP SERIES PY 1998 BP 531 EP 538 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BL38K UT WOS:000075339700079 ER PT S AU Lanzagorta, M Kuo, E Uhlmann, J AF Lanzagorta, M Kuo, E Uhlmann, J BE Gerhart, GR TI GROTTO visualization for decision support SO ROBOTIC AND SEMI-ROBOTIC GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Robotic and Semi-Robotic Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 15-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Soc Optical Engn DE Virtual Reality; scientific visualization; command and control; situational awareness AB In this paper we describe the GROTTO (Graphical Room for Observation, Tactical Training and Orientation) visualization projects being carried out at the Naval Research Laboratory. GROTTO is a CAVE-like system, that is, a surround-screen, surround-sound, immersive virtual reality device. We have explored the GROTTO visualization in a variety of scientific areas including oceanography, meteorology, chemistry, biochemistry, computational fluid dynamics and space sciences. Research has emphasized the applications of GROTTO visualization for military, land and sea-based command and control. Examples include the visualization of ocean current models for the simulation and study of mine drifting and, inside our computational steering project, the effects of electro-magnetic radiation on missile defense satellites. We discuss plans to apply this technology to decision support applications involving the deployment of autonomous vehicles into contaminated battlefield environments, fire fighter control and hostage rescue operations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lanzagorta, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2815-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3366 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1117/12.317556 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BL60V UT WOS:000075999400019 ER PT S AU Mittu, R Uhlmann, JK McCune, J AF Mittu, R Uhlmann, JK McCune, J BE Gerhart, GR TI Routing and advanced display technologies within STOMPM. SO ROBOTIC AND SEMI-ROBOTIC GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Robotic and Semi-Robotic Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 15-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Soc Optical Engn DE vehicle routing; visualization; virtual reality; mission planning; decision aids AB This paper will discuss research conducted at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in the area of automated routing, advanced 3D displays and novel interface techniques for interacting with those displays. This research has culminated in the development of the STrike Optimized Mission Planning Module (STOMPM). The STOMPM testbed incorporates new technologies/results in the aforementioned areas to address the deficiencies in current systems and advance the state of the art in military planning systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mittu, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2815-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3366 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.317555 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BL60V UT WOS:000075999400020 ER PT S AU Boroujerdi, A Uhlmann, J AF Boroujerdi, A Uhlmann, J BE Gerhart, GR TI Empirical analysis of new methods for computing minimum cost paths with turn constraints SO ROBOTIC AND SEMI-ROBOTIC GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Robotic and Semi-Robotic Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 15-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Soc Optical Engn DE Dijkstra's algorithm; least cost paths; range searching; routing; turn constraints AB In this paper we describe a recently developed algorithm for computing least cost paths under turn angle constraints. If a graph representation of a two or three dimensional routing problem contains \V\ vertices and \E\ edges, then the new algorithm scales as O(\E\log\V\). This result is substantially better than O(\E\\V\) algorithms for the more general problem of routing with turn penalties, which cannot be applied to large scale graphs. We also describe an enhancement to the new algorithm that dramatically improves the performance in practice. We provide empirical results showing that the new algorithm can substantially reduce the computation time required for constrained vehicle routing. This performance is sufficient to allow for the dynamic re-routing of vehicles in uncertain or changing environments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boroujerdi, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2815-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3366 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1117/12.317554 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BL60V UT WOS:000075999400029 ER PT B AU Agarwala, VS AF Agarwala, VS BE Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW TI Corrosivity monitoring on operational aircraft SO ROLL OF CHARACTERIZATION IN UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society CY JUL 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Met Soc AB A method for monitoring in-situ corrosivity has been developed using concepts of dissimilarity in metals which when coupled result in a galvanic current or electrochemical change. This galvanic type sensor is made of several alternate micro strips of two dissimilar metals separated from each other and fabricated on a thin kapton polymer film. They are galvanically coupled together through a zero resistance circuit called ZRA for data acquisition. The noble element in the couple is gold and serves as a cathode while the active metal such as cadmium, zinc, iron or nickel serves as an anode when short circuited. The output of the sensor showed excellent correlation between the corrosive nature of the environment and the magnitude of the current developed. In particular Au--Cd sensor was most responsive in providing real-time data when used under coatings, lap-joints, BMI-Graphite composite lay-ups and in benign (least corrosive) atmospheric environments. The choice of the active metal is based on the severity of the environment. The sensors were also found suitable when tested in hidden areas of aircraft such as in airframes (fastener and sealant sealed aluminum alloy housings) and on stored aircraft to monitor their exposure conditions or 'health'. The test sites included in this study are: military aircraft carrier flight decks, marine atmosphere and, operational and stored aircraft and weapon systems. For insitu corrosivity monitoring sensors were installed in the interior of the aircraft, hidden structures, avionics bays, and embedded under coatings and sealants. The results show a significant correlation between the output of the sensors and the corrosive conditions present. A data base developed from this study may form a basis for condition based maintenance of military hardware in the future. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Agarwala, VS (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-658-X J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1998 VL 25 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL08V UT WOS:000074227900007 ER PT B AU Cooper, KP Ayers, JD Jones, HN Vardiman, R AF Cooper, KP Ayers, JD Jones, HN Vardiman, R BE Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW TI The evolution of fine-grained microstructure in an ultra-high carbon steel through rapid solidification and phase transformation SO ROLL OF CHARACTERIZATION IN UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society CY JUL 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Met Soc AB Superplastic forming offers a promising approach for achieving the constantly increasing need for reducing the cost of metal components with complex shapes. The most commonly employed method for producing micrometer-scale grain sizes needed to permit superplastic forming at economically viable rates is through severe thermoplastic forming, sometimes with the addition of cyclic phase transformations, an approach pioneered with ultra-high carbon steels by Oleg Sherby and his group at Stanford University. Our approach to generating similar microstructures is by producing metastable crystalline structures through rapid solidification and then employing solid state phase transformations at modest temperatures to refine these structures. An ultra-high carbon steel alloy, containing 2 wt. % each of C, Al, and Cr, was melt spun into a ribbon which was subsequently heat treated through a series of thermal cycles. The initial, austenite + martensite structure, which was brittle, was transformed to a ductile (as determined by a bend test) two-phase ferrite + cementite structure. In the final structure, the greatest dimension of the ferrite grains did not exceed 1 mu m and the cementite grains were in the sub-micron range. In this paper, the processing technique and the resulting microstructures will be described, and a possible formation mechanism for microstructural evolution will be presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-658-X J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1998 VL 25 BP 311 EP 317 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL08V UT WOS:000074227900038 ER PT J AU Arnold, JR Sanders, CD Bellevou, DL Martinelli, AA Gaskin, GB AF Arnold, JR Sanders, CD Bellevou, DL Martinelli, AA Gaskin, GB TI A study of titanium surface pretreatments for bonding with polyimide and epoxy adhesives SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International SAMPE Techical Conference (ISTC) / Composites-Fabricators-Association CY 1997 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn, Composite Fabricators Assoc AB Adhesive bond durability depends on the properties of the adhesive, the surface preparation, and the primer used. Surface pretreatment is necessary in order to substitute the preexisting weak oxide layer on the metal surface with a more stable one. Currently, chromic acid anodizing is the most widely used pretreatment on titanium surfaces prior to bonding. Among the chemical treatments, Pasa jell 107, Turco 5578, and alkaline peroxide etching are widely known. The importance of a good surface pretreatment can not be overstated in applications where high performance and durability are critical. It is the objective of this study to examine the conventional surface pretreatments for titanium together with some more recently developed treatments. Among these newer pretreatments, two sol/gel methods were investigated. Single lap shears and floating roller peel samples were prepared using epoxy and polyimide adhesives. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Arnold, JR (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA YQ952 UT WOS:000071441700003 ER PT S AU Elson, JM Tran, P AF Elson, JM Tran, P BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI Application of MOMI iteration to solve the magnetic and electric field integral equations SO SCATTERING AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scattering and Surface Roughness II CY JUL 21-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE MFIE; EFIE; MOMI; magnetic field integral equation; electric field integral equation; rough surface; scattering; iteration AB We apply the method of ordered multiple interactions (MOMI) to salve the magnetic and electric field integral equations pertinent to electromagnetic scattering from a randomly rough dielectric-dielectic interface. We consider a two-dimensional geometry (invariance in the y-direction) and investigate convergence of the MOMI algorithm for a TM polarized incident plane wave and Gaussian tapered beam. It is known that the Neumann iteration does not converge for a dielectric system. The MOMI, which is basically a Neumann iteration on an extensive modification of the original integral equation, also does not converge. We show a new combination of the relevant integral equations for which the MOMI converges. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, Computat Sci Branch,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Elson, JM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, Computat Sci Branch,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2881-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3426 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.328469 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM07N UT WOS:000077548600004 ER PT S AU Elson, JM DeSandre, LF AF Elson, JM DeSandre, LF BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI An iterative approach to solving the magnetic and electric field integral equations for scattering by a dielectric thin film SO SCATTERING AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scattering and Surface Roughness II CY JUL 21-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE MFIE; EFIE; MOMI; magnetic field integral equation; electric field integral equation; rough surface; scattering; iteration; thin film AB We apply an iterative solution approach, the method of ordered multiple interactions (MOMI), to solve the magnetic and electric field integral equations which are pertinent to scattering by a thin dielectric film bounded by a semi-infinite dielectric substrate and by a semi-infinite dielectric superstrate. The thin film boundaries are randomly rough, which is numerically generated. We consider two-dimensional geometry (invariance in the y-direction) and investigate convergence for a TM polarized incident Gaussian tapered beam. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, Res & Technol Grp,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Elson, JM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Computat Sci Branch, Res & Technol Grp,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2881-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3426 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.328478 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM07N UT WOS:000077548600006 ER PT S AU Nee, SMF Nee, TW AF Nee, SMF Nee, TW BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI Polarization of scattering by rough surfaces SO SCATTERING AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scattering and Surface Roughness II CY JUL 21-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE polarization; scattering; reflection; rough surface; depolarization; ellipsometry; Mueller matrix AB Ellipsometric parameters, depolarization and directional reflectance of reflection and scattering by a rough stainless steel surface are measured. Linear and circular polarizations, and principal Mueller matrix can be obtained from the above quantities. Measurements were made at fixed incident and detection directions and variable sample's orientation. For one-dimensional rough surfaces, it was found that depolarization and circular polarization increase with the off-specular angle of scattering while linear polarization does the opposite. Measurements were also made for specular direction. The effective refractive index, extinction coefficient and rms roughness for the rough sample were derived from these data. C1 USN, Air Warface Ctr, Weapons Div, Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warface Ctr, Weapons Div, Phys Branch, Code 4B1200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2881-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3426 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1117/12.328452 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM07N UT WOS:000077548600018 ER PT J AU Stellman, CM Booksh, KS Muroski, AR Nelson, MP Myrick, ML AF Stellman, CM Booksh, KS Muroski, AR Nelson, MP Myrick, ML TI Principal component mapping applied to Raman microspectroscopy of fiber-reinforced polymer composites SO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Raman imaging; multivariate imaging; composites; chemometrics; principal component analysis; multivariate analysis ID MULTIVARIATE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; MICROPROBE; REGRESSION; MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY AB We describe the development and implementation of a spectroscopic Raman imaging system using Principal Component data analysis. Raman microspectroscopy followed by multivariate data analysis and principal component mapping has been used to investigate the spacial variations of chemical and physical properties at interfaces in glass-reinforced composites on the micrometer scale. A protocol for monitoring chemical and physical variances via multivariate statistics has been developed and a preliminary study of a "real world" glass-reinforced composite is presented. It is demonstrated that multivariate Raman imaging is more precisely interpretable than traditional univariate methods and that by appropriately choosing distinct spectral regions (such as a cure sensitive epoxide band) for PCA, subtle compositional changes like local cure percentage may be observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. OI Myrick, Michael/0000-0002-6905-0925 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0334-181X J9 SCI ENG COMPOS MATER JI Sci. Eng. Compos. Mater. PY 1998 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 80 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 107BA UT WOS:000075184900004 ER PT S AU Kim, J Stroud, RM Auyeung, RCY Eddy, CR Koller, D Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Horwitz, JS Chrisey, DB AF Kim, J Stroud, RM Auyeung, RCY Eddy, CR Koller, D Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Horwitz, JS Chrisey, DB BE Hundley, MF Nickel, JH Ramesh, R Tokura, Y TI Fabrication of high temperature superconductor-colossal magnetoresistor spin injection devices SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF MAGNETIC OXIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metallic Magnetic Oxides at the Materials-Research-Society Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hewlett Packard Corp, Joint Res Ctr Atom Techn, Lake Shore Cryotron Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab AB Trilayer YBa2Cu3O7-delta/(SrTiO3, CeO2)/La0.67ST0.33MnO3-delta devices have been fabricated for the study of supercurrent suppression due to the injection of spin-polarized quasiparticle current. The critical current for a YBa2Cu3O7-delta/100 Angstrom SrTiO3/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3-delta device was found to decrease from 118 mA to 12.6 mA, for an injection current of 60 mA. The effect of film microstructure on the critical current suppression was investigated. Defects in the SrTiO3 and CeO2 layers were found to control the device properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-399-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 494 BP 249 EP 254 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK73N UT WOS:000073253400035 ER PT S AU Stroud, RM Browning, VM Byers, JM Chrisey, DB Fuller-Mora, WW Grabowski, KS Horwitz, JS Kim, J Knies, DL Osofsky, MS AF Stroud, RM Browning, VM Byers, JM Chrisey, DB Fuller-Mora, WW Grabowski, KS Horwitz, JS Kim, J Knies, DL Osofsky, MS BE Hundley, MF Nickel, JH Ramesh, R Tokura, Y TI The effect of radiation induced disorder on La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-delta thin films SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF MAGNETIC OXIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metallic Magnetic Oxides at the Materials-Research-Society Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hewlett Packard Corp, Joint Res Ctr Atom Techn, Lake Shore Cryotron Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab AB The effects of disorder on the transport and magnetic properties of pulsed laser deposited La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 thin films were studied. Ion irradiation with 10 MeV 1 and 6 MeV Si ions was used to produce controlled levels of defects ranging from 0.006 to 0.024 displacements per atom. The peak resistance temperature of the I-irradiated films decreased from 264K for the undamaged film to OK for the 0.016 dpa aim. The magnetic ordering temperature decreased from 270K (un damaged) to 130K (0.011 dpa), and remained nearly constant at 130K for higher damage levels. This demonstrates a decoupling of the magnetic and metal-insulator transitions. A characteristic relationship between the peak resistance temperature and activation energy of resistance with the form T-p = 285(1-Delta(p)/115)(0.13), was observed for all films. This characteristic relationship indicates that the range of resistivity and magnetoresistivity values for observed La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 can be explained in terms of disorder-limited polaron hopping. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stroud, RM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-399-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 494 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK73N UT WOS:000073253400040 ER PT B AU Murata, H Merritt, CD Kafafi, ZH AF Murata, H Merritt, CD Kafafi, ZH BE Prasad, PN Mark, JE Kandil, SH Kafafi, ZH TI Novel organic composites based on N-substituted quinacridone derivatives for molecular organic light-emitting diodes SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF POLYMERS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials CY JAN 04-09, 1997 CL CAIRO, EGYPT SP Minist Econ & Int Cooperat, IDSC, Dow Corning, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF, European Res Off, USA, Hoechst-Celanese, IDRC, Int Inst Theoret Phys Trieste, Off Naval Res, Europe, Off Naval Res, US, Saudi Basic Ind Corp, Social Fund Dev, TORAY Ind AB Molecular organic light emitting diodes (MOLEDs) where the active emitting layer has been doped with quinacridones (DHQ), ethyl (DEQ) and benzyl (DBQ) N-substituted quinacridones have been fabricated by high vacuum vapor deposition. These very bright and highly efficient MOLEDs are compared in terms of optimum dopant concentration, spectral characteristics and device efficiencies. DHQ, DEQ and DBQ aggregates formed by plane to plane stacking seem to be responsible far luminescence quenching observed at high dopant concentration. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the N-H moiety and the carbonyl oxygen does not play a major role in the quenching process for DHQ-doped AlQ(3) composites. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murata, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45820-9 PY 1998 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BL99X UT WOS:000077408000019 ER PT B AU Carr, JS Najita, J AF Carr, JS Najita, J BE Smith, EP Koratkar, A TI Studying the origins of planetary systems with NGST SO SCIENCE WITH THE NGST SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Science with the NGST CY APR 07-09, 1997 CL GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD SP Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Space Telescope Sci Inst, European Space Agcy, TRW Inc, Astron Soc Pacific HO GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR AB With a high-resolution, thermal infrared spectrograph for NGST, we could probe the dynamics and physical/chemical structure of inner planet formation environments at an unprecedented level of detail. Since the sensitivity requirement for such a study is beyond the reach of any other imminent ground-or space-based telescope, NGST is in an unique position to make fundamental advances in our understanding of the origins of solar systems. Using simulated data, we discuss one aspect of protoplanetary disk science that this capability would allow: the potential of NGST to detect the formation of Jupiter-mass planets via the dynamical impact of the planet on the structure of its parent disk. Due to the high sensitivity of NGST in the thermal infrared, it would be possible to survey young stars for protoplanetary companions in star-forming regions as distant as Orion, probing the same range of planetary masses and orbital radii currently sampled by precision radial-velocity searches for extra-solar planets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carr, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-53-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 133 BP 163 EP 171 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BK82A UT WOS:000073481000016 ER PT B AU Dere, KP Landi, E Mason, HE Fossi, BCM Young, PR AF Dere, KP Landi, E Mason, HE Fossi, BCM Young, PR BE Brandt, JC Ake, TB Petersen, CC TI CHIANTI - An atomic database for emission lines - Paper I: Wavelengths greater than 50 angstrom SO SCIENTIFIC IMPACT OF THE GODDARD HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on the Scientific Impact of the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph CY SEP 11-12, 1996 CL GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD HO GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-63-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 143 BP 390 EP 390 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BL74U UT WOS:000076566800056 ER PT J AU Tobin, PE AF Tobin, PE TI Year of the ocean - A chance to consider our own role SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Tobin, PE (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 39 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA YU446 UT WOS:000071718100004 ER PT J AU Douglass, JW AF Douglass, JW TI Navy undersea aquisition: A changing environment SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Douglass, JW (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 39 IS 1 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA YU446 UT WOS:000071718100007 ER PT B AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Fan, CW GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI High-order compact difference schemes for coastal ocean models SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 68 EP 75 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300014 ER PT B AU Allard, RA Siquig, RA AF Allard, RA Siquig, RA GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI The Master Environmental Library: A source for environmental data for coastal modeling applications SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Allard, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 76 EP 83 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300015 ER PT B AU Holt, T Doyle, J Brody, R Hodur, R AF Holt, T Doyle, J Brody, R Hodur, R GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Simulations of coastal mesoscale phenomena using the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS): A verification and evaluation study SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Holt, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Code 7533,7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 100 EP 107 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300019 ER PT B AU Harding, J Preller, R Rhodes, R AF Harding, J Preller, R Rhodes, R GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Coastal ocean prediction at the Naval Research Laboratory SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Harding, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, NRL 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 108 EP 114 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300020 ER PT B AU Miller, DK Nuss, WA AF Miller, DK Nuss, WA GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Classification and numerical simulation of California coastal surges SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Miller, DK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Dm,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 171 EP 177 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300033 ER PT B AU Nuss, WA AF Nuss, WA GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Synoptic-scale structure and the character of coastally-trapped disturbances SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nuss, WA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Nu,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 186 EP 193 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300035 ER PT B AU Thompson, WT Bane, JM AF Thompson, WT Bane, JM GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Modeling and observations of coastally trapped wind reversals SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Thompson, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 194 EP 201 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300036 ER PT B AU Doyle, JD Bond, NA AF Doyle, JD Bond, NA GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI A landfalling warm front on Vancouver Island during the coast experiment: Numerical simulations SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 212 EP 214 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300040 ER PT B AU Chen, S Schmidt, JM AF Chen, S Schmidt, JM GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Along-barrier flow over the Persian Gulf: The Kaus SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chen, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 225 EP 232 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300043 ER PT B AU Sikora, TD Porter, DL Wisecup, MD AF Sikora, TD Porter, DL Wisecup, MD GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Observations and analysis of a warm-fresh oceanic front coupled with a cool-moist atmospheric front at Duck, North Carolina SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sikora, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300048 ER PT B AU Smith, DR Saltzman, J Vieira, MEC Whitford, DJ Wright, WA Robichaud, RM Geer, IW McManus, DE Murphree, JT AF Smith, DR Saltzman, J Vieira, MEC Whitford, DJ Wright, WA Robichaud, RM Geer, IW McManus, DE Murphree, JT GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI The Maury Project: A look to the future SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP J5 EP J8 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300064 ER PT S AU Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ Stenger-Smith, JD Zarras, P Hollins, RA Chafin, AP Yee, RY Wynne, KJ AF Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ Stenger-Smith, JD Zarras, P Hollins, RA Chafin, AP Yee, RY Wynne, KJ BE Eich, M TI Second-order nonlinear optical films from alternating polyelectrolyte deposition SO SECOND-ORDER ORGANIC NONLINEAR OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Order Organic Nonlinear Optics Conference CY JUL 21, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn DE nonlinear optics; polymers; electro-optic films ID POLYANION AB This is a preliminary report on alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (APD) with the goal of making electro-optic films at room temperature. By means of the APD method, films were built up layer-by-layer at room temperature by a dipping process. APD requires two complementary polymers, one being negatively charged and the other being positively charged. The polymer in solution is attracted to the solid substrate by coulombic forces to form the next layer on the substrate. For the first time, second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) polymer films were prepared by APD in which both polymers were NLO-active. The cationic polymer contained a side-chain stilbazole chromophore, and the anionic polymer contained a main-chain cinnamoyl chromophore. The intensity of the second harmonic signal generated in the film increased quadratically with each layer for the first twenty layers. C1 USN, US Dept, Air Weapons Ctr, Weapons Div,Mat & Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Lindsay, GA (reprint author), USN, US Dept, Air Weapons Ctr, Weapons Div,Mat & Chem Branch, Code 4B2200D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2929-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3474 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1117/12.328582 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BM41L UT WOS:000078663300007 ER PT S AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA Redfern, D Antoszewski, J Faraone, L Lindemuth, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA Redfern, D Antoszewski, J Faraone, L Lindemuth, JR BE Dunham, ST Nelson, JS TI Demonstration of improved quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (i-QMSA) SO SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESS AND DEVICE PERFORMANCE MODELLING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Process and Device Performance Modelling CY DEC 02-03, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We discuss an improved quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (i-QMSA) of magnetic-field-dependent Hail and resistivity data, which can determine multiple electron and hole densities and mobilities. A fully automated computer implementation of i-QMSA is applied to a variety of synthetic and real data sets. The results show that the new algorithm increases the information available from a given data set and is suitable for use as a standard tool in the characterization of semiconductor materials and devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-395-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 490 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL74Z UT WOS:000076552700036 ER PT B AU Hobart, KD Desmond, CA Kub, FJ Twigg, ME Jernigan, GG AF Hobart, KD Desmond, CA Kub, FJ Twigg, ME Jernigan, GG BE Gosele, U Baumgart, H Abe, T Hunt, C Iyer, S TI Si-Si pn junctions fabricated by wafer bonding in UHV SO SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER BONDING: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Semiconductor Wafer Bonding - Science, Technology and Applications CY 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE AB The electrical characteristics of pn junctions formed by direct bonding of silicon wafers in ultra-high vacuum have been quantified by current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. The bonding process produces low reverse leakage of <1 mu A/cm(2) and near-ideal forward current, although a donor like peak appears at n-type, isotype junctions. Initial pre-bonding surfaces were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction and the bonded interfaces were further characterized by transmission electron microscopy and infra-red transmission imaging. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hobart, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-189-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 36 BP 409 EP 416 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BK69B UT WOS:000073096200048 ER PT B AU Kub, FJ Hobart, KD Desmond, CA AF Kub, FJ Hobart, KD Desmond, CA BE Gosele, U Baumgart, H Abe, T Hunt, C Iyer, S TI Electrical characteristics of low temperature direct silicon-silicon bonding for power device applications SO SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER BONDING: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Semiconductor Wafer Bonding - Science, Technology and Applications CY 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE AB Low temperature direct silicon-silicon bonding has been investigated for the application to fabrication of double-sided MOSFET power switching devices. Experimental results show that near ideal electrical conduction across the bonding interface can be obtained for band anneal temperatures in the range of 400-700 degrees C. A partial saw method for fabricating mesa isolated direct bonded junctions was developed. A method for polishing a thin silicon wafer to a prime surface finish was developed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kub, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-189-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 36 BP 466 EP 472 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BK69B UT WOS:000073096200055 ER PT S AU Krebs, WK Scribner, DA Miller, GM Ogawa, JS Schuler, J AF Krebs, WK Scribner, DA Miller, GM Ogawa, JS Schuler, J BE Dasarathy, BV TI Beyond third generation: A sensor fusion targeting FLIR pod for the F/A-18 SO SENSOR FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications II CY APR 16-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE sensor fusion; electro-optics; targeting; human performance; FLIR; image enhancement AB The Navy and Marine Corps F/A-18 pilots state that the targeting FLIR system does not provide enough target definition and clarity. As a result, high altitude tactics missions are the most difficult due to the limited amount of time available to identify the target. If the targeting FLIR system had a better standoff range and an improved target contrast then the pilots' task would be easier. Unfortunately, the replacement cost of the existing FLIR equipment is prohibitive. The purpose of this study is to modify the existing F/A-18 targeting FLIR system with a dual-band color sensor to improve target contrast and stand-off ranges. Methods: A non-real-time color sensor fusion system was flown on a NASA F/A-18 in a NITE Hawk targeting FLIR pod. Flight videotape was recorded from a third generation image intensified CCD and a first generation long-wave infrared sensor. A standard visual search task was used to assess whether pilots' situational awareness was improved by combining the two sensor videotape sequences into a single fused color or grayscale representation, Results: Fleet aviators showed that color fusion improved target detection, but hindered situational awareness. Aviators reported the lack of color constancy caused the scene to be unaesthetically pleasing; however, target detection was enhanced. Conclusion: A color fusion scene may benefit targeting applications but hinder situational awareness. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93950 USA. RP Krebs, WK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93950 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2825-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3376 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1117/12.303673 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BL17E UT WOS:000074540200013 ER PT S AU Pawlak, RJ AF Pawlak, RJ BE Dasarathy, BV TI The minimum sample SPRT for sensor or operating point selection in a single or multisensor environment SO SENSOR FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications II CY APR 16-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE SPRT sensor fusion MS-SPRT Kalman AB This paper describes a technique for employing the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) in a single or multisensor environment. The technique minimizes the number of sensor decisions required to declare the null or alternative hypothesis when there is a choice of different sensors or sensor operating points. Thus the technique will be dubbed the Minimum-Sample SPRT (MS-SPRT). The first step of the MS-SPRT requires an off-line optimization of the choice of sensors across all possible values of the alternative hypothesis probability. The second step of the technique involves the application of two Kalman filters to estimate the probability of the alternative hypothesis and to optimize a set of sensor probabilities. The sensor probabilities determine the optimal sensor choice that minimizes the expected number of samples before a decision is made. Three examples are given using simulated data. In the first example, it is shown that the MS-SPRT is not necessary. The second example shows the usefulness of the MS-SPRT when there is a step discontinuity in the null/alternative hypothesis probabilities. In the third example, the MS-SPRT facilitates the use of the proper sensor for a probabilistic variation in the hypothesis probabilities. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Self Def Sensors Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Pawlak, RJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Self Def Sensors Branch, Code T41, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2825-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3376 BP 142 EP 151 DI 10.1117/12.303674 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BL17E UT WOS:000074540200014 ER PT B AU Johnson, M Bennett, BR Yang, MJ Miller, MM Shanabrook, BV AF Johnson, M Bennett, BR Yang, MJ Miller, MM Shanabrook, BV GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Hybrid ferromagnet-semiconductor gates for nonvolatile memory SO SEVENTH BIENNIAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL NONVOLATILE MEMORY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial IEEE Nonvolatile Memory Technology Conference CY JUN 21-24, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, IEEE Comp Soc AB A novel magnetoelectronic device for nonvolatile memory applications is presented, and characteristics of a Nonvolatile Random Access Memory (NRAM) cell are discussed. In contrast with a magnetoresistive approach, this device uses a single bistable ferromagnetic layer which is electrically isolated from a microstructured semiconducting Hall cross. A micron scale prototype has demonstrated binary output states of 0 and 100 mV (0 and 20 Omega) at room temperature. A submicron cell, with a 0.5 mu m by 2.8 mu m Permalloy element, has been fabricated and demonstrated excellent properties. Initial sets of prototypes have been fabricated on high mobility III-V semiconductor heterostructures, but the device concept can be used with Si. This novel approach has several advantages. The basic device is a simple bilayer, requiring only two lithographic levels and a single alignment. It's compatible with GaAs or CMOS processing, and device isolation can be readily achieved using Schottky diodes. The simplicity of the device places minimal requirements on fabrication of the ferromagnetic element, and evidence from prototypes suggests high yield. Signal levels are high, and the device shows inverse scalability: smaller devices have improved output characteristics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4518-5 PY 1998 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1109/NVMT.1998.723225 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BL75K UT WOS:000076575100018 ER PT B AU Armstrong, R Hensgen, D Kidd, T AF Armstrong, R Hensgen, D Kidd, T BE Antonio, JK TI The relative performance of various mapping algorithms is independent of sizable variances in run-time predictions SO SEVENTH HETEROGENEOUS COMPUTING WORKSHOP (HCW '98) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Heterogeneous Computing Workshop (HCW 98) CY MAR 30, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE, Tech Comm Parallel Proc, USN, Off Naval Res AB In this paper we study the performance of four mapping algorithms. The four algorithms include two naive ones: Opportunistic Load Balancing (OLB), and Limited Pest Assignment (LBA), and two intelligent greedy algorithms: an O(nm) greedy algorithm, and an O(n(2)m) greedy algorithm. All of these algorithms, except OLB, use expected run-times to assign jobs to machines. As expected run-times are rarely deterministic in modern networked and server based systems, we first use experimentation to determine some plausible run-time distributions. Using these distributions, we next execute simulations to determine how the mapping algorithms perform. Performance comparisons show that the greedy algorithms produce schedules that, when executed, perform better than naive algorithms, even though the exact run-times are not available to the schedulers. I-lk conclude that the use of intelligent mapping algorithms is beneficial, even when the expected time for completion of a job is not deterministic. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Armstrong, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 0 TC 74 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8365-1 PY 1998 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1109/HCW.1998.666547 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK73C UT WOS:000073243000007 ER PT J AU Wardlaw, AB Mair, HU AF Wardlaw, AB Mair, HU TI Spherical solutions of an underwater explosion bubble SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB The evolution of the 1D explosion bubble flow field out to the first bubble minimum is examined in detail using four different models. The most detailed is based on the Euler equations and accounts for the internal bubble fluid motion, while the simplest links a potential water solution to a stationary, Isentropic bubble model. Comparison of the different models with experimental data provides insight into the influence of compressibility and internal bubble dynamics on the behavior of the explosion bubble. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Code 423, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM 423@uwtech.ih.navy.mil; mairh@asme.org RI Mair, Hans/E-9261-2011 OI Mair, Hans/0000-0003-4873-6853 NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1070-9622 EI 1875-9203 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 1998 VL 5 IS 2 BP 89 EP 102 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 121QT UT WOS:000076025400002 ER PT J AU Shin, YS Santiago, LD AF Shin, YS Santiago, LD TI Surface ship shock modeling and simulation: two-dimensional analysis SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB The modeling and simulation of the response of a surface ship system to underwater explosion requires an understanding of many different subject areas. These include the process of underwater explosion events, shock wave propagation, explosion gas bubble behavior and bubble-pulse loading, bulk and local cavitation, free surface effect, fluid-structure interaction, and structural dynamics. This paper investigates the effects of fluid-structure interaction and cavitation on the response of a surface ship using USA-NASTRAN-CFA code. First, the one-dimensional Bleich-Sandler model is used to validate the approach, and second, the underwater shock response of a two-dimensional mid-section model of a surface ship is predicted with a surrounding fluid model using a constitutive equation of a bilinear fluid which does not allow transmission of negative pressures. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Shin, YS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 1998 VL 5 IS 2 BP 129 EP 137 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 121QT UT WOS:000076025400006 ER PT J AU Shin, YS Lee, M Lam, KY Yeo, KS AF Shin, YS Lee, M Lam, KY Yeo, KS TI Modeling mitigation effects of watershield on shock waves SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB The object of this analysis is to investigate mitigation effects of watershield on air blast waves. To examine the water mitigation concept, features of the free-held detonation process are studied from a series of one-dimensional simulations using a multimaterial Eulerian finite element technique; Five different shock Hugoniots for water are compared, and the most accurate data are suggested. To verify the numerical procedure, results are compared with available experimental data for UNDEX problem and analytical predictions for air shocks. For the case of contact watershield, the magnitude of peak pressure generally decreases and the shock arrival time increases with increasing thickness of watershield. The total pressure impulse is reduced significantly at near field. Non-contact watershield was also examined, and was found to provide a better design criterion based on the further decay of peak pressure. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Shin, YS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI YEO, Khoon Seng/G-1672-2012 OI YEO, Khoon Seng/0000-0002-6728-842X NR 15 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 1998 VL 5 IS 4 BP 225 EP 234 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 162EQ UT WOS:000078332900002 ER PT S AU Jones, HD Zerilli, FJ AF Jones, HD Zerilli, FJ BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Analytic equation of state for H6 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The fluid constituents of the reaction products for H6 are described by a perturbation technique based on their intermolecular interactions, which may include angular dependent contributions. Standard solid-state approaches are applied to the solid component of the reaction products. A flexible time dependent model for the reaction of aluminum in explosive mixtures has been implemented in EPIC2, a Langrangian material dynamics computer program. Predicted detonation velocity and cylinder test wall velocities for H6 are in good agreement with experimental data. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Jones, HD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700013 ER PT S AU Zerilli, FJ AF Zerilli, FJ BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Dislocation mechanics based constitutive equation incorporating dynamic recovery and applied to thermomechanical shear instability SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A closer look into the predicted large strain response and plastic shear instability behavior derived from the so-called Z-A equations, incorporating thermally activated yielding of bcc metals (due to their high Peierls stresses) and thermally activated strain hardening of fee metals (produced by dislocation intersections), shows the need for including dynamic recovery effect in the strain hardening for both bcc and fee cases. Recovery effects are observed in the stress/strain behavior of tantalum and the bcc-like Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Critical strains for shear banding are computed for Ti-6A1-4V, copper, and ARMCO iron. In addition, a recent result on ductile fracture is reported. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Energet Mat Res & Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20604 USA. RP Zerilli, FJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Energet Mat Res & Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20604 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700048 ER PT S AU Elert, ML Barrett, JJC Robertson, DH White, CT AF Elert, ML Barrett, JJC Robertson, DH White, CT BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Molecular dynamics investigation of the effects of variation in energy release on detonation initiation SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The amount of energy released in the detonation of an energetic material clearly influences the properties of the detonation, such as peak temperature and detonation front velocity. Using a model diatomic system which has previously been shown to produce realistic detonation properties, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations in which the exothermicity of the chemical reaction supporting the detonation was systematically varied. The minimum energy release necessary to support a chemically sustained shock wave was determined for this model system, as well as the dependence of front velocity, reaction zone temperature, and density on the magnitude of energy release. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Elert, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 293 EP 296 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700067 ER PT S AU Barrett, JJC Robertson, DH Elert, ML White, CT AF Barrett, JJC Robertson, DH Elert, ML White, CT BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Detonation Hugoniot for ozone from molecular dynamics simulations SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We have developed a reactive empirical bond order potential for the ozone system for use in molecular dynamics (MD) studies of shock-induced chemistry. Simulations using this potential have been shown to exhibit the essential characteristics of a chemical detonation. In this paper we examine the detonation Hugoniot for the ozone system directly from a series of MD simulations of supported detonations. This approach avoids having to determine the equation of state of the system from the model potential. The state of the system at the CJ point and detonation velocity are determined from the detonation Hugoniot. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barrett, JJC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 329 EP 331 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700076 ER PT S AU Miller, PJ Lindfors, AJ AF Miller, PJ Lindfors, AJ BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Shock loading and reactive flow modeling studies of void induced AP/Al/HTPB propellant SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The unreactive Hugoniot of a class 1.3 propellant has been investigated by shock compression experiments. The results are analyzed in terms of an ignition and growth reactive flow model using the DYNA2D hydrocode. The calculated shock ignition parameters of the model show a linear dependence on measured void volume which appears to reproduce the observed gauge records well. Shock waves were generated by impact in a 75 mm single stage powder gun. Manganin and PVDF pressure gauges provided pressure-time histories to 140 kbar. The propellants were of similar formulation differing only in AP particle size and the addition of a burn rate modifer (Fe2O3) from that of previous investigations. Results show neglible effect of AP particle size on shock response in contrast to the addition of Fe2O3 which appears to 'stiffen' the unreactive Hugoniot and enhances significantly the reactive rates under shock. The unreactive Hugoniot, within experimental error, compares favorably to the solid AP Hugoniot. Shock experiments were performed on propellant samples strained to induce insitu voids. The material state was quantified by uniaxial tension dialatometry. The experimental records show a direct correlation between void volume (0 to 1.7%) and chemical reactivity behind the shock front. These results are discussed in terms of 'hot spot' ignition resulting from the shock collapse of the voids. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Detonat Sci Sect, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Miller, PJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Detonat Sci Sect, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 373 EP 376 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700087 ER PT S AU Lemar, ER Forbes, JW Cowperthwaite, M AF Lemar, ER Forbes, JW Cowperthwaite, M BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Oblique shock wave calculations for detonation waves in brass confined and bare PBXN-111 cylindrical charges SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Shock polar theory is used to calculate the angles detonation fronts make with the cylinder wall for brass cased and bare PBXN-111 cylinders. Two extrapolated unreacted PBXN-111 Hugoniot curves are used to calculate these angles. Measured and calculated angles for bare PBXN-111 cylinders are in good agreement for one of the unreacted PBXN-111 Hugoniots. Except for the 100 mm diameter charge, the differences between calculated and measured angles for brass cased charges are beyond experimental error. Limited data suggests that the wave front curvature exhibits a large change right at the brass wall and the resolution in the experiments may not be fine enough to show it clearly. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Lemar, ER (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 385 EP 388 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700090 ER PT S AU Chambers, G Sandusky, H Zerilli, F Rye, K Tussing, R AF Chambers, G Sandusky, H Zerilli, F Rye, K Tussing, R BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Pressure measurements on a deforming surface in response to an underwater explosion SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Experiments were conducted to benchmark calculations of structural deformation from an underwater explosion with the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian DYSMAS code. Aluminum (Al) tubes were filled with distilled water except for a small explosive charge in the center that was suspended from hypodermic needle tubing. Tourmaline and carbon resistor gages at the water/wall interface recorded the initial shock loading, cavitation, and reloading as cavitation collapsed. The initial shock loading was consistent with a fine mesh 1-D WONDY calculation and the entire event was mostly simulated by the coarser mesh 2-D DYSMAS calculation. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Chambers, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700093 ER PT S AU Richmond, CT AF Richmond, CT BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Gap test modeling to predict wedge tests initiation of PBXN-103 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The experimental initiation of PBXN-103 by the standard wedge test has been modeled by using the HVRB initiation and growth model in the CTH code. The P-081 plane wave lens was used as initiator in these experiments. The wedge test was converted to a gap test by replacing the PBXN-103 wedge by a PBXN-103 cylinder. By modeling this gap test, shock initiation in PBXN-103 was calculated. The results of these calculations are in agreement with the data of the wedge test experiments. Comparison of the CTH code calculations with the wedge test data was accomplished by using an auxiliary program called the BCAT code. In particular, it computes the "pop plot" and compares it to the wedge test data. Shock initiation of PBX-9404 was also calculated by the HVRB model and the results compared to the initiation of PBX-9404 using the Lee-Tarver model. The two calculations from both of the models are very compatible. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Richmond, CT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 405 EP 408 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700095 ER PT S AU Sharma, J Hoover, SM Coffey, CS Tompa, AS Sandusky, HW Armstrong, RW Elban, WL AF Sharma, J Hoover, SM Coffey, CS Tompa, AS Sandusky, HW Armstrong, RW Elban, WL BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Structure of crystal defects in damaged RDX as revealed by an AFM SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB An atomic force microscope (AFM) was employed to reveal the structure of defects produced in single crystals of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), damaged either by indentation, heat or underwater shock. In general all of these stimuli produced dislocation pits, cracks, fissures and mosaics, however, the details were different. Indentation generated a large number of triangular dislocation pits, which in their turn produced fissures, cracks and holes by coalescing. Heat produced fine parallel cracks. Slivers as thin as sixty molecules across were observed. Shock caused the crystal to become a three-dimensional mosaic structure, 100-500 mn in size, produced by intensive cleavage and delamination. In all cases very fine particles, 20-500 nn in size, were ejected onto the surface as debris from the formation of defects. The AFM has revealed for the first time un-etched dislocation pits in their pristine condition, so that their internal structure could be investigated. A dislocation density of 10(6) cm(-2) has been observed. RDX is found to behave like a very fragile crystal in which numerous imperfections show up at a level of the stimuli, far below that necessary for the start of chemical reaction. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sharma, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 563 EP 566 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700133 ER PT S AU Tasker, DG Dick, RD Wilson, WH AF Tasker, DG Dick, RD Wilson, WH BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Mechanical properties of explosives under high deformation loading conditions SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The mechanical properties of Navy explosive PBXW-128 were measured using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus at strain rates up to 2.9 x 10(4) s(-1) at room temperature. The true stress-true strain data can be divided into two regions with different moduli, separated by a transition point. Both moduli show significant stiffening with strain rate; above the transition point the modulus increases as the strain rate squared. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Tasker, DG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 591 EP 594 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700140 ER PT S AU John, HJ Hudson, FE Robbs, R AF John, HJ Hudson, FE Robbs, R BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI High strain rate testing of AP/Al/HTPB solid propellants SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Ammonium perchlorate (AP), aluminum (Al), and hydroxy-terminater polybutadiene (HTPB) solid propellant samples were subjected to strain rates up to 700 sec(-1) using the Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus. The issues are the effects of temperature on the mechanical behavior of these propellants at high strain rates. Strain rates were between 100 sec(-1) and 700 sec(-1) over wide range of temperature regions. Included in this paper are the strain rates, strain, and stress curves and material response properties for Aluminum, AP, and HTPB based propellants formulation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP John, HJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 603 EP 606 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700143 ER PT S AU Woody, DL Davis, JJ Deiter, JS AF Woody, DL Davis, JJ Deiter, JS BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Recovery studies of impact-induced metal/polymer reactions in titanium based composites SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB This paper will discuss the effect of rapid plastic flow upon a porous mixture containing titanium and Teflon. The unconfined samples were impacted at 13 m/s to induce a plastic flow. With the addition of Teflon, reactions have been observed. A two color infrared detector was used for real time emission measurements of the reacting materials. Micrographs show a region of decomposition surrounded by an unaltered area. X-ray diffraction results showed that the area of reaction had TiC whereas the surrounding area contained titanium. There was no solid Teflon recovered. The effect of the addition of aluminum and silicon to the mixture was also observed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Airframe Ordnance & Prop Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Woody, DL (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Airframe Ordnance & Prop Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 667 EP 669 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700158 ER PT S AU Mock, W Holt, WH Kerley, GI AF Mock, W Holt, WH Kerley, GI BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Shock and recovery of PTFE powder SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Right-circular cylindrical containers with axial cavities were fabricated from 4340 steel (RC38) in two different cavity lengths (2.4mm and 17.7mm, respectively), with closure caps. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder specimens, 2.4mm long, were pressed into the base of each cavity, filling the cavity of the short container, and leaving a 15.3mm-length air-filled region inside the long container. The specimen porosities were all in the range 44-47%. The caps were secured to the containers by four high-strength screws. Momentum traps were provided for each container. in each experiment, a container was impacted by a gas-gun accelerated steel disk, and soft recovered in rags. For experiments at 0.9km/s impact speed, the PTFE in the short container showed melting and limited discoloration; in the long container, a jet of PTFE formed and damaged the inside of the cap, with significant discoloration of the residue. In an experiment at 0.3km/s impact speed with a long container, the PTFE showed no evidence of jetting or discoloration. Computational simulations using the CTH code and a newly-developed model for shock-induced dissociation of PTFE show results that are consistent with the experimental observations. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Mock, W (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 671 EP 674 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700159 ER PT S AU Sandusky, HW Chambers, GP AF Sandusky, HW Chambers, GP BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Shock reactivity of the liquid monopropellant Otto Fuel II SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB When Otto Fuel was formulated in the 1960s, it would sustain detonation in a schedule 40 pipe with an inner diameter of 34.9 mm. Shock loading experiments with 95.2 and 50.8 mm diameter? pressed (1.56 g/cc) pentolite donors were recently conducted on Otto Fuel while heavily confined by thick-wall steel tubes with an inner diameter of 50.6 mm. When the donor shock was attenuated to the detonation pressure of Otto Fuel, the larger donor produced a high-velocity detonation. The smaller donor produced a low-velocity detonation, indicating that Otto Fuel is less detonable than it was in the 1960s. Other shock loading experiments using the smaller pentolite donor were conducted with less confinement from a thick-wall Lexan tube surrounding an aluminum tube with an inner diameter of 25.4 mm. Reaction had failed within 100 mm for a shock loading near the detonation pressure of Otto Fuel. When the aluminum tube was lined with bubble pack, which introduced an average but nonuniform porosity of 25%, violent reactions were attained for shock inputs ranging from 112 to 22 kbar. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sandusky, HW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 695 EP 698 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700164 ER PT S AU Bernecker, RR Simpson, RL AF Bernecker, RR Simpson, RL BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Further observations on HMX particle size and buildup to detonation SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Shock loading data for various particle sizes of HMX in unreactive (water) and reactive (FEFO) binder systems [1] have been re-analyzed. Traditional distance-to-detonation (x*) values have been obtained for comparison to other wedge test data for systems using various particle sizes of HMX and RDX. Ln the log x* - log P plane, the slope is nearly identical for 5 mu m HMX/water and 5 mu m HMX/FEFO samples, supporting the proposition that the slope in the log-log plane is constant for fine particle sizes of HMX. Analyses of predetonation distance-time (x,t) paths show similarities for a given particle size of HMX at various input pressures, suggestive of a common-curve buildup process. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, IHD, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Bernecker, RR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, IHD, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 719 EP 722 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700170 ER PT S AU Sutherland, GT Gustavson, PK Lemar, ER O'Connor, J AF Sutherland, GT Gustavson, PK Lemar, ER O'Connor, J BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Shock response of the explosive PBXN-103 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB For the explosive PBXN-103, multiple gauge gas gun experiments were performed to obtain Hugoniot and Lee-Tarver reactive rate law parameters. Simulations based on these parameters produced pressure histories in good agreement with measured pressure histories. These parameters were also used to simulate other tests such as failure diameter, the large scale gap test, and the modified gap test. Again, good agreement was found between the observed and calculated results. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sutherland, GT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 747 EP 750 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700177 ER PT S AU Forbes, JW Glancy, BC Liddiard, TP Wilson, WH AF Forbes, JW Glancy, BC Liddiard, TP Wilson, WH BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Aquarium test evaluation of a pyrotechnic's ability to perform work in microsecond time frames SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Pyrotechnic materials can release tremendous thermal energy upon reaction. A pyrotechnic's ability to do work, when mixed with other materials to produce a working fluid at high pressure and temperature, is studied in this work. An experimental technique is used to measure underwater expansion of cylinders containing porous pyrotechnic materials shock compressed by a surrounding annular explosive charge. Expansion velocity enhancement due to reaction in the pyrotechnic core is detected as an increase in outer wall velocity over that obtained with a solid inert core. The outer wall expansion is measured for 180 mu s after wall motion begins, so that relatively late-time energy release from the core may be detected. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Forbes, JW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 759 EP 762 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700180 ER PT S AU Pangilinan, GI Russell, TP AF Pangilinan, GI Russell, TP BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Real-time changes induced by pulsed laser heating in ammonium perchlorate at static high pressures SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Time-resolved absorption measurements of ammonium perchlorate (AP) decomposition under static high pressures are presented. Chemical changes induced by pulsed laser heating (8 mu s at 514 nm) are inferred from the absorption spectra. Absorption measurements of the decomposition process with 1 mu s temporal resolution were collected from 400 to 630 nm, during and up to 20 mu s after the heating pulse. AP decomposition as a function of initial pressure and laser fluence was monitored to 2 GPa and to 11 J/cm(2), respectively. The role of pressure and laser fluence in the fast decomposition of AP will be discussed. Global reaction rates and possible reaction mechanisms will be addressed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pangilinan, GI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 809 EP 812 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700192 ER PT S AU Guirguis, R McKeown, R Kelley, J AF Guirguis, R McKeown, R Kelley, J BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI A closed water-filled cylinder test for characterizing non-ideal explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A small-scale test in which the detonation products of an explosive are confined at high pressure in a closed cylinder completely filled with water is introduced. Numerical simulations of the test show that although the dynamic effects of the shock induced into the water reduce the pressure below the theoretical maximum achievable if all processes were quasi-static, the residual equilibrium pressure is still high enough for the slow reactions of non-ideal explosives to proceed at a finite measurable rate. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Guirguis, R (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 871 EP 874 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700206 ER PT S AU Grun, J Manka, CK Hoffman, CA Meyer, JR Glembocki, J Qadri, SB Skelton, EF Donnelly, D Covington, B AF Grun, J Manka, CK Hoffman, CA Meyer, JR Glembocki, J Qadri, SB Skelton, EF Donnelly, D Covington, B BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Athermal annealing of neutron-transmutation-doped silicon SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We demonstrate a new mechanism for annealing silicon that does not involve the direct application of heat as in conventional thermal annealing or pulsed laser annealing. A laser pulse focused to high power on a small surface spot of a neutron-transmutation-doped silicon slab is shown to anneal regions far outside the illuminated spot where no heat was directly deposited. Electrical activation of donors throughout the slab was uniform and comparable to that of thermally annealed control samples. We conjecture that the annealing was caused by mechanical energy introduced by the laser pulse. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grun, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 981 EP 984 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700232 ER PT S AU Botcher, TR Ladouceur, HD Russell, TP AF Botcher, TR Ladouceur, HD Russell, TP BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Pressure dependent laser induced decomposition of RDX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The pressure dependence of laser induced decomposition of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) and RDX-d6 has been studied from ambient pressure to 5.2 GPa. RDX samples were loaded in Merrill-Bassett anvil cells and cooled to a minimum of 23 K at the desired starting pressure. Individual samples were each exposed to a single 8 ns pulse of 532 nm light from a Nd:YAG laser. Thermal transport from the decomposing RDX and RDX-d6 into the anvils arrested the decomposition, enabling the identification of intermediates and products formed under high pressure-high heating rate conditions. A two dimensional finite elements model was employed to estimate the quenching rates and heat flow within the samples. Single crystals, pressed powders, and solutions were studied to determine the effect of mechanical stress on the sensitivity towards laser initiation. The threshold energy for reaction initiation and product distribution is given as a function of pressure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Botcher, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 989 EP 992 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700234 ER PT J AU Kang, W AF Kang, W TI Bifurcation and normal form of nonlinear control systems, part I SO SIAM JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE nonlinear systems; bifurcations; normal forms; invariants; linearly controllable; stabilizable ID LOCAL FEEDBACK STABILIZATION AB The bifurcations of control systems with a single input are studied. Based on the normal forms of control systems, the equilibrium sets are classified. A set of quadratic invariants for control systems is found. Sufficient conditions for a system to be linearly controllable or stabilizable near a bifurcation point are given in terms of the quadratic invariants. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 108 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0363-0129 J9 SIAM J CONTROL OPTIM JI SIAM J. Control Optim. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 1 BP 193 EP 212 DI 10.1137/S0363012995290288 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics GA YW686 UT WOS:000071962400011 ER PT J AU Kang, W AF Kang, W TI Bifurcation and normal form of nonlinear control systems, part II SO SIAM JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE nonlinear systems; bifurcations; normal forms; invariants; linearly controllable; stabilizable ID LOCAL FEEDBACK STABILIZATION AB The normal forms and invariants of control systems with a parameter are found. Bifurcations of equilibrium sets are classified. The changes of properties such as controllability of the linearization or stabilizability near a bifurcation point of a control system are studied. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0363-0129 J9 SIAM J CONTROL OPTIM JI SIAM J. Control Optim. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 1 BP 213 EP 232 DI 10.1137/S036301299529029X PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics GA YW686 UT WOS:000071962400012 ER PT S AU Watson, GA Anthony, KS Rice, TR AF Watson, GA Anthony, KS Rice, TR BE Drummond, OE TI Multisensor, multisite integration for composite tracking of maneuvering targets SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 1998 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE track continuity; composite tracking; sensor integration; IMM algorithm AB The integration of multiple sensors for target tracking has been intensely investigated in recent years. The techniques for integrating multiple sensors are complex but have the potential to provide very accurate state estimates. For most systems, each sensor provides its information to a central location where the integration is performed. This approach is typically employed for a single platform and the resulting composite track can be very accurate when compared to the individual sensor tracks. Additional platforms can also contribute their information to improve this composite track. This composite track has the potential for enhanced system decisions and to provide targeting information not otherwise available. This paper presents algorithms for the composite tracking of maneuvering targets through the use of effective multisensor-multiplatform integration and simulation results illustrating the benefits of the proposed approach. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept,Digital Syst Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Watson, GA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept,Digital Syst Branch, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2822-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3373 BP 308 EP 319 DI 10.1117/12.324628 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL66J UT WOS:000076232400030 ER PT S AU Hutchins, RG San Jose, A AF Hutchins, RG San Jose, A BE Drummond, OE TI IMM tracking of a theater ballistic missile during boost phase SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 1998 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Since the SCUD launches in the Gulf War, theater ballistic missile (TBM) systems have become a growing concern for the US military. Detection, tracking and engagement during boost phase or shortly after booster cutoff are goals that grow in importance with the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. This paper addresses the performance of tracking algorithms for TBMs during boost phase and across the transition to ballistic flight. Three families of tracking algorithms are examined: alpha-beta-gamma trackers, Kalman-based trackers, and the interactive multiple model (IMM) tracker. In addition, a variation on the IMM to include prior knowledge of a booster cutoff parameter is examined. Simulated data is used to compare algorithms. Also, the IMM tracker is run on an actual ballistic missile trajectory. Results indicate that IMM trackers show significant advantages in tracking through the model transition represented by booster cutoff. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hutchins, RG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Hu, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2822-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3373 BP 528 EP 537 DI 10.1117/12.324646 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL66J UT WOS:000076232400046 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Kadar, I TI A fuzzy logic multisensor association algorithm: Dealing with multiple targets, intermittent data, and noise SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition VII CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE fuzzy clustering; fuzzy sets; fuzzy logic; recursive; multisensor; association; superclustering; outlier suppression; ESM; radar AB A recursive multisensor association algorithm has been developed based on fuzzy logic. It simultaneously determines fuzzy grades of membership and fuzzy cluster centers. It is capable of associating data from various sensor types and in its simplest form makes no assumption about noise statistics as many association algorithms do. The algorithm is capable of performing without operator intervention. It associates data from the same target for multiple sensor types. The algorithm also provides an estimate of the number of targets present, reduced noise estimates of the quantities being measured, and a measure of confidence to assign to the data association. A comparison of the algorithm to a more conventional Bayesian association algorithm is provided. The data from both the ESM and radar systems is noisy and the ESM data is intermittent. The radar data has probability of detection less than unity. The effect of a large number of targets being present in the data on parameter estimation, determination of the number of targets and multisensor data association is examined. A method for determining sliding data window size based on fuzzy clustering for the multitarget case is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tactical Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tactical Elect Warfare Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2823-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3374 BP 2 EP 13 DI 10.1117/12.327090 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BL57G UT WOS:000075913400001 ER PT S AU Holland, OT Poston, WL AF Holland, OT Poston, WL BE Kadar, I TI Harmogram feature sets for 1D and 2D data SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition VII CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The harmogram is calculated from the power spectral density and an estimate of background noise. It is a computationally effective means of analyzing a signal for constituent periodicities. For one-dimensional signals it can 1) provide a means to determine the likelihood that a periodic component is present and 2) determine its principal frequency and related harmonics, The mathematical foundations of the harmogram have recently been extended to two-dimensional signals where it provides interesting insight into images (e.g., texture and composition). In either case, the harmogram produces a much reduced invariant feature set which is useful as a preprocess to classification. This presentation details the harmogram process and illustrates its application with several examples. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Holland, OT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2823-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3374 BP 414 EP 425 DI 10.1117/12.327117 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BL57G UT WOS:000075913400041 ER PT S AU Freeman, BJ AF Freeman, BJ BE Kadar, I TI A multi-processor platform for signal processing SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition VII CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The Acoustic Signal Development Platform (ASDP) was designed so that mature and experimental signal processing algorithms can be rapidly tested on real target hardware. Changing the number of processors, sensors, and configurations is accomplished through the use of drop-in modules and simple software changes. Open VME architecture and Texas Instruments TIM processor module standards allows for easy changes and upgrades to accommodate changing sensor requirements. In addition to a built in debugger, the interface between the processor modules and the host PC is accomplished using standard C function calls directly in the processor module software. This allows the processors to communicate directly with the host PC for disk storage, data analysis, and GUI displays. Thus, the ASDP allows the full development of a sensor package on real hardware before any custom system is built. Although the system was designed for acoustic signal processing, it is fully capable of performing other sensor processing tasks, such as RF and image processing. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Freeman, BJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2823-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3374 BP 483 EP 494 DI 10.1117/12.327123 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BL57G UT WOS:000075913400049 ER PT S AU Rao, MV Gardner, J Edwards, A Papanicolaou, NA Kelner, G Holand, OW Ghezzo, M Kretchmer, J AF Rao, MV Gardner, J Edwards, A Papanicolaou, NA Kelner, G Holand, OW Ghezzo, M Kretchmer, J BE Pensl, G Morkoc, H Monemar, B Janzen, E TI Ion implantation doping in SiC and its device applications SO SILICON CARBIDE, III-NITRIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Silicon Carbide, III-Nitrides and Related Materials (ICSCIII-N 97) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Linkoping Univ, ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Cree Res Ltd, Okmetik OY, Epigress AB, Swedish Res Council Engn Sci, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Ericsson Components AB, Thomson CSF, Siemens AG, Daimler Benz AG, City Stockholm, Stockholm Cty Council DE ion-implantation; doping; compensation; annealing; diode AB Our latest ion-implantation results on SIC are presented. We have performed nitrogen and phosphorous (N/P) co-implantations to obtain very high n-type carrier concentrations, Si and C bombardments for compensating n-type SiC, and V-implantation for compensating p-type SiC. We have also performed N and Al implantations directly into V-doped semi-insulating 6H-SiC substrates. Vertical p-n junction diodes were made by selective area N, P, and NIP implantations into p-type epitaxial layers grown on 6H-SiC substrates. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. GE, Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Monemar, Bo/B-3718-2016 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-790-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 264-2 BP 717 EP 720 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61S UT WOS:000072751000170 ER PT S AU Papanicolaou, NA Edwards, A Rao, MV Mittereder, JA Anderson, WT AF Papanicolaou, NA Edwards, A Rao, MV Mittereder, JA Anderson, WT BE Pensl, G Morkoc, H Monemar, B Janzen, E TI Ti/Al and Cr/Al ohmic contacts to n-type GaN formed by furnace annealing SO SILICON CARBIDE, III-NITRIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Silicon Carbide, III-Nitrides and Related Materials (ICSCIII-N 97) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Linkoping Univ, ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Cree Res Ltd, Okmetik OY, Epigress AB, Swedish Res Council Engn Sci, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Ericsson Components AB, Thomson CSF, Siemens AG, Daimler Benz AG, City Stockholm, Stockholm Cty Council DE ohmic contacts; Ti/Al; Cr/Al; furnace annealing; low resistivity ID METAL AB High quality, low resistance ohmic contacts are critical for the development of GaN devices for high temperature applications. Ti/Al metallization has been previously shown to form ohmic contacts to n-type GaN after 900 degrees C rapid thermal annealing (RTA). In this work we report on the investigation of the Ti/Al system for ohmic contacts to n-GaN by using the conventional quartz furnace annealing method. Low resistivity ohmic contacts were achieved with this method at considerably lower temperatures (as low as 550 degrees C) than those required by RTA. Furthermore, we report on a new contact system consisting of Cr/Al metallization, also using quartz furnace annealing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Papanicolaou, NA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Monemar, Bo/B-3718-2016 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-790-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 264-2 BP 1407 EP 1410 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61S UT WOS:000072751000335 ER PT J AU Chan, MK Chowchuen, P Workman, T Eilenberg, S Schweitzer, M Resnick, D AF Chan, MK Chowchuen, P Workman, T Eilenberg, S Schweitzer, M Resnick, D TI Silicone synovitis: MR imaging in five patients SO SKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE silicone implants; synovitis; magnetic resonance imaging ID ARTHRITIS; FEATURES; IMPLANT AB Silicone synovitis is a known complication of silicone implants used in orthopedic surgery for joint reconstruction. It has been studied with routine radiography; however, no report on magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities of this condition exist in the literature. This article reports on five patients with silicone synovitis studied by magnet resonance imaging. All patients showed hypointense implants that were deformed, fragmented or subluxed, and intra-and periarticular silicone particles were evident on T1- and T2-weighted images. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Sect Osteoradiol 114, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Tri City Med Ctr, Oceanside, CA 92056 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Resnick, D (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Sect Osteoradiol 114, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-2348 J9 SKELETAL RADIOL JI Skeletal Radiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YW815 UT WOS:000071976800003 PM 9507603 ER PT S AU Joyce, JA AF Joyce, JA BE Corwin, WR Rosinski, ST VanWalle, E TI On the utilization of high rate pre-cracked Charpy test results and the master curve to obtain accurate lower bound toughness predictions in the ductile-to-brittle transition SO SMALL SPECIMEN TEST TECHNIQUES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Small Specimen Test Techniques CY JAN 13-14, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP ASTM Comm E-10 DE fracture toughness; A515; rapid fracture toughness; constraint; J integral; master curve; precracked Charpy AB Much recent work in the field of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics has been directed to developing a mechanics-based relationship between the onset of cleavage fracture in structural components and that of Charpy specimens. In the case of a commercial nuclear power plant the surveillance specimens are expected to have undergone an irradiation history equivalent to that of the pressure vessel, and hence to have the correct fracture toughness properties. The small size of these specimens, however, makes it difficult to obtain fracture toughness measurements that are transferrable to the much larger and higher constraint pressure vessel. Application of proposed specimen size requirements[1] to this problem shows that for the typical fracture toughness and strength levels in nuclear pressure vessels, the pre-cracked Charpy specimen could lose constraint well before the onset of cleavage and the results obtained will then provide a very non-conservative estimate of the conditions required for the onset of cleavage in the vessel. Recent computational work by Koppenhoefer and Dodds[2] has strongly suggested, however, that if the specimen is loaded rapidly, additional constraint might be present which would allow the Charpy results to predict correctly the onset of cleavage in the nuclear pressure vessel. These authors predict that the presence of modest viscoplasticity will increase the deformation level at which constraint is lost and this in turn will allow Charpy size specimens to be adequate predictors of the onset of cleavage fracture in structural size elements. In this paper pre-cracked Charpy specimens of A515 steel are tested at four different loading rates and five different temperatures in the lower ductile-to-brittle transition. The reference temperature, T-o, is developed and shown to be very dependent on the loading rate and very independent of the temperature at which the data set was measured. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2476-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1329 BP 253 EP 273 DI 10.1520/STP37995S PG 21 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BM48J UT WOS:000078875000017 ER PT J AU Walters, RJ Cotal, HL Messenger, SR Burke, EA Wojtczuk, SJ Serreze, HB Sharps, PR Timmons, ML Iles, P Yeh, YCM AF Walters, RJ Cotal, HL Messenger, SR Burke, EA Wojtczuk, SJ Serreze, HB Sharps, PR Timmons, ML Iles, P Yeh, YCM TI Radiation response of InP/Si and InGaP/GaAs space solar cells SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE radiation response; solar cells; cell degradation ID DAMAGE AB An analysis of the radiation response of state-of-the-art InP/Si, InGaP, and dual-junction (DJ) InGaP/GaAs space salar cells under both electron and proton irradiated is presented. The degradation data are modeled using the theory of displacement damage dose. For each technology, a characteristic curve which describes the cell degradation in any radiation environment is determined, and the characteristic curves are used to compare the radiation resistance of the different technologies on an absolute scale. The radiation data are used as input to a code which predicts the end-of-life (EOL) performance of a solar panel in earth orbit. The results show that in orbits outside the earth's radiation belts, the high-efficiency DJ InGaP/GaAs solar panels provide the highest EOL specific power. However, in orbits which pass through the belts, the radiation hard InP/Si panels provide the highest specific power by as much as 30%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Spire Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Tecstar, Appl Solar Div, City Of Ind, CA 91749 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6615, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD JAN PY 1998 VL 50 IS 1-4 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(97)00161-X PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA YM668 UT WOS:000071087800041 ER PT J AU Floyd, LE Reiser, PA Crane, PC Herring, LC Prinz, DK Brueckner, GE AF Floyd, LE Reiser, PA Crane, PC Herring, LC Prinz, DK Brueckner, GE TI Solar Cycle 22 UV Spectral Irradiance Variability: Current measurements by SUSIM UARS SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DECLINING PHASE; MONITOR SUSIM; FLUX; SOLAR-CYCLE-22; CHROMOSPHERE; EUV AB The Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM) has measured the solar spectral irradiance for wavelengths 115-410 nm on a daily basis since October 11, 1991. The absolutely calibrated solar UV irradiances through January 8, 1996 have been produced. Their time-dependent behavior is similar to that of the Mg II index as measured both by NOAA-9 SBUV and by SUSIM itself The maximum long-term variation observed by SUSIM is at L alpha and is measured to be in excess of a factor of 2. This maximum variation decreases with increasing wavelength until about 300 nm where no significant long-term variation is directly measured above SUSIM's estimated 1-2% relative accuracy. The wavelength dependence of the measured UV variability is found to roughly correspond to the mean emission height given by solar atmospheric radiative transfer models. Because SUSIM observations began when solar activity was near its peak and now extend to very near its minimum, estimates of the solar cycle 22 UV variability are generated from a combination of these measurements and solar activity proxy indices. C1 Interferometr Inc, Chantilly, VA 22021 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Interferometr Inc, Chantilly, VA 22021 USA. NR 20 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 177 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1023/A:1004907902440 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA ZE672 UT WOS:000072818400006 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Further tests of the coupling model of ionic motions in glassy fast ionic conductors: conductivity relaxation and Li-7 and B-11 NMR in xLi(2)S-(1-x)B2S3 SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Structure and Dynamics of Ionic Glasses - Experiments, Models and Applications CY MAY 11-14, 1997 CL SCHLOSS RAUISCHHOLZHAUSEN, GIESSEN, GERMANY SP Deut Forschungsgemein HO SCHLOSS RAUISCHHOLZHAUSEN DE spin lattice relaxation; conductivity relaxation; lithium thioborate glasses ID NUCLEAR-SPIN RELAXATION; SUPERIONIC GLASSES; BETA-ALUMINA; DIFFERENCE; NA-23; AL-27 AB The pronounced difference of the conductivity relaxation time and the nuclear spin lattice relaxation time of the diffusing ion in an ionic conductor has been established as a general property observed in various glassy ionic conductors. Not so well known is the near coincidence of the conductivity relaxation time and the nuclear spin lattice relaxation time of an immobile ion bound to the glassy matrix. These two effects combined have been explained by the Coupling model and the Coulomb lattice gas model. In this work, recent published experimental results obtained on lithium thioborate glasses which exhibit two separate lithium ion motions are discussed. There is the presence of long-range diffusion of Li ions among the BS3 units as well as a localized ionic hopping motion around a BS4 unit. For the long-range diffusion motion of Li ions in the lithium thioborate glasses both effects mentioned above were observed experimentally by Li-7 and B-11 spin lattice relaxation, reaffirming that these effects are general and the details are again explainable by the Coupling model. On the other hand, for the hopping of a localized Li ion around a BS4 unit which is a new feature occurring only in the lithium thioborate glasses, the absence of interaction and correlation with other Li ions has the immediate consequence that the Coupling model will expect exactly the same Li-7 and B-11 spin lattice relaxation rate from this localized motion. This prediction for a localized Li ion around a BS4 unit, constituting a further test of the Coupling model, was indeed found experimentally and is pointed out for the first time in this work. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(97)00468-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YW808 UT WOS:000071976100026 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Meyer-Neldel rule and anti Meyer-Neldel rule of ionic conductivity - Conclusions from the coupling model SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Structure and Dynamics of Ionic Glasses - Experiments, Models and Applications CY MAY 11-14, 1997 CL SCHLOSS RAUISCHHOLZHAUSEN, GIESSEN, GERMANY SP Deut Forschungsgemein HO SCHLOSS RAUISCHHOLZHAUSEN DE Meyer-Neldel rule; ion conductivity; coupling model; anti-Meyer-Neldel rule ID NON-ARRHENIUS CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; CONDUCTORS; GLASSES; TEMPERATURE; EXPLANATION; DIFFUSION AB The Meyer-Neldel rule or the Compensation Law linking a larger activation energy to a larger preexponential factor of the d.c. conductivity and found to hold in some families of ionic conductors is discussed in the framework of the Coupling Model. When certain conditions are satisfied, it is shown how the Meyer-Neldel rule can originate from the cooperative dynamics of ionic motions. Not so well known is the anti Meyer-Neldel rule, which has the opposite behavior. Using the system (AgI)(x)(AgPO3)(x-1) for 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.6 as an example, we propose a possible physical origin of the anti Meyer-Neldel rule. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 EI 1872-7689 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(97)00469-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YW808 UT WOS:000071976100027 ER PT S AU Pinto, J Esterowitz, L Feldman, B AF Pinto, J Esterowitz, L Feldman, B BE Scheps, R TI Novel optically pumped narrowband emitting polymeric materials SO SOLID STATE LASERS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers VII CY JAN 29-30, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB A polymeric high gain scattering medium based on IR-26 laser dye mixed with sub-micron alumina scatterers is described. Optical pumping at 1.06 mu m with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser results in isotropic, narrowband emission peaking at 1.18 mu m. Alternative high gain, narrowband visible stimulated emitters utilizing a high density of microprism retroreflectors for optical feedback are also described. Optical pumping at 532 nn with the Q-switched output of a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser results in narrow linewidth, Stokes-shifted laser emission near 600 nm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pinto, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5640, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2704-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3265 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1117/12.308686 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL19S UT WOS:000074658700016 ER PT J AU Romero, MJ Walters, RJ Araujo, D Garcia, R AF Romero, MJ Walters, RJ Araujo, D Garcia, R TI Cathodoluminescence study of heavily proton irradiated heteroepitaxial n(+)-p InP/Si solar cells SO SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article ID THERMAL ANNEALED INP; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB n(+)-p InP/Si solar cells have been reported to be extremely radiation tolerant. Such cells show little degradation after 1 MeV electron irradiation at fluences as high as 1 x 10(16) cm(-2) Al higher fluences the radiation-induced carrier removal destroys the cell structure and the cell efficiency collapses. We investigate here the effect of heavy proton irradiation on these cells by means of cathodoluminescence (CL). Prior to the heavy irradiation, a non-uniform spatial distribution of the emitted luminescence is recorded from the base region, probably due to the presence of dislocations in these mismatched structures. The CL measurements show that the dislocations actuate as efficient channel for the Zn diffusion. The heavy irradiation reduces the overall CL intensity that become spatially uniform. The latter results from non-radiative recombination at the radiation induced defects uniformly distributed as produced by the heavy proton irradiation. Therefore, the presence of dislocations do not affects either the production or stability of the radiation-induced defects. C1 Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencia Mat & IM & QI, ES-11510 Cadiz, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Romero, MJ (reprint author), Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencia Mat & IM & QI, Apdo 40, ES-11510 Cadiz, Spain. OI Garcia Roja, Rafael/0000-0003-2867-7016 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH-SCITEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI UETIKON A.S. PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 UETIKON A.S., SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOM JI Solid State Phenom. PY 1998 VL 63-4 BP 497 EP 508 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 160LT UT WOS:000078232700060 ER PT B AU Masumura, RA Pande, CS AF Masumura, RA Pande, CS BE Marsh, SP Dantzig, JA Trivedi, R Hofmeister, W Chu, MG Lavernia, EJ Chun, JH TI Stochastic theory of grain growth in two dimensions SO SOLIDIFICATION 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solidification at the 1997 TMS Fall Meeting CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div, Solidificat Comm AB The inclusion of stochasticity in the analysis of grain growth in two dimensions yields a grain size distribution that is in agreement with observed experimental data. The development leads to a Fokker-Planck type equation whose solution is based upon consistent and physically realizable assumptions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Masumura, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-396-1 PY 1998 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BK50A UT WOS:000072372600018 ER PT J AU Morris, CE AF Morris, CE TI Themes in macroeconomic history: The UK economy, 1919-1939 SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Morris, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTHERN ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 64 IS 3 BP 787 EP 789 DI 10.2307/1060798 PG 3 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA YU219 UT WOS:000071694200017 ER PT J AU Feldman, U AF Feldman, U TI FIP effect in the solar upper atmosphere: Spectroscopic results SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE sun; solar wind ID CORONAL PLASMA; ABUNDANCES; SPECTRUM; SUN; REGION; SKYLAB; FLARE; NEON AB Recent spectroscopic measurements from instruments on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) find that the coronal composition above a polar coronal hole is nearly photospheric. However, similar SOHO observations show that in coronal plasmas above quiet equatorial regions low-FIP elements are enhanced by a factor of approximate to 4. In addition, the process of elemental settling in coronal plasmas high above the solar surface was shown to exist. Measurements by the Ulysses spacecraft, which are based on non-spectroscopic particle counting techniques, show that, with the exception of He, the elemental composition of the fast speed solar wind is similar to within a factor of 1.5 to the composition of the photosphere. In contrast, similar measurements in the slow speed wind show that elements with low first ionization potential (FIP< 10 eV) are enhanced, relative to the photosphere, by a factor of 4-5. By combining the SOHO and Ulysses results, ideas related to the origin of the slow speed solar wind are presented. Using spectroscopic measurements by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) instrument on SOHO the photospheric abundance of He was determined as 8.5 +/- 1.3% (Y = 0.248). C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ufeldman@ssd2.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 1998 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 227 EP 240 DI 10.1023/A:1005146332450 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 149ZF UT WOS:000077636600021 ER PT S AU Sokolsky, I Brown, MA AF Sokolsky, I Brown, MA BE ElGenk, MS TI Naval Research Laboratory solar concentrator program SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB NRL has developed a trough-configuration solar concentrator with ultra-light thin film reflectors that are stretched flat using an edge-tensioning support system, With a geometric concentration ratio of 2.5 to 1, the specific power of the photovoltaic array is approximately doubled by the NRL system. A 300 watt experimental demonstration model of the array/reflector system has been successfully built and deployed, and predicted power levels have been reached in solar simulator testing. Work currently underway includes design, construction, and deployment of a 4 kilowatt array, optimization of reflector border shape and reflector attachment method, testing and modeling of thermal cycling and temperature effects, and assessment of space degradation issues. C1 USN, Res Lab, AlliedSignal Technol Serv Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sokolsky, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, AlliedSignal Technol Serv Corp, Code 8220,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 282 EP 287 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200046 ER PT S AU Coffey, SL Neal, HL Visel, CL Conolly, P AF Coffey, SL Neal, HL Visel, CL Conolly, P BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI Demonstration of a special-perturbations-based catalog in the Naval Space Command system SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB During the Fall of 1997, a demonstration of a special perturbations catalog maintenance system, called SPeCIAL-K, was performed at Naval Space Command. Although this system is not yet an operational aspect of the Naval Space System, its purpose was to begin to understand some of the operational issues of using such a system, including: the feasibility of maintaining the space object catalog with special perturbations, the amount of operator intervention necessary to process the objects that fail to converge normally, the computer resources required to maintain the catalog with SP, the robustness of the SP vectors, and the improvements in accuracy of SP vectors for objects in the general catalog with standard tasking of the SSN sensors. SPeCIAL-K successfully maintained the space object catalog for thirty days. The system ran on a group of computers that comprised a virtual parallel-processing system, layered on top of the PVM environment. It can be easily scaled to maintain a catalog of 50,000 or more objects with special perturbations; the only modifications necessary would be the addition of more computers, not modification of the software. The next generation of radars being designed for Naval Space Command may generate observations for such a large catalog, necessitating a parallel-processing approach to processing the data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Math & Orbit Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coffey, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Math & Orbit Dynam Sect, Code 8233,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 227 EP 247 PN 1&2 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300013 ER PT S AU Schumacher, PW Gilbreath, GC Lydick, ED Davis, MA Seago, JH Walters, SG AF Schumacher, PW Gilbreath, GC Lydick, ED Davis, MA Seago, JH Walters, SG BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI Design for operational calibration of the Naval Space Surveillance System SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB The Naval Space Surveillance System, commonly known as the "Fence", is a network of continuous-wave, multi-static VHF radar interferometer stations designed to detect Earth satellites. Angular metric data from the System is used in real-time to update the catalog of satellite orbits maintained by the Air Force and Naval components of United States Space Command. For many years, the Fence system has operated with a near real-time internal calibration of the detector electronics, but without any external calibration. Such external calibration can be accomplished by comparing Fence system measurements with orbits derived from high-precision Satellite Laser Ranging. This paper describes a concept of operations for routine Fence calibration based on Satellite Laser Ranging. The Fence is unique in the current inventory of space-tracking assets and presents special opportunities and challenges in the area of calibration. A description of the basic Fence operation is presented (including internal calibration and Fence reduced data types) together with Satellite Laser Ranging orbit determination proposed as the basis;for independent external calibration. The calibration methodology extends readily to include other sensors in the space surveillance network. C1 USN, Space Command, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Schumacher, PW (reprint author), USN, Space Command, 5280 4th St, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 279 EP 295 PN 1&2 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300016 ER PT S AU Segerman, AM Coffey, SL AF Segerman, AM Coffey, SL BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI An analytical theory for tesseral harmonic perturbations SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB An analytical method has been developed for the treatment of tesseral harmonic perturbations. The procedure is an iterative Lie transformation technique which avoids the typical eccentricity expansions as well as the numerical singularities normally associated with resonance conditions. At each iteration, terms of the perturbing potential become multiplied by the ratio of the satellite's orbital period to the earth's rotational period. Following a suitable number of iterations, the potential is deemed to be sufficiently small that it may be ignored, with the tesseral effects captured in the transformation. C1 USN, Res Lab, GRC Int, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Segerman, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, GRC Int, Code 8233,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 429 EP 441 PN 1&2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300025 ER PT S AU Seidelmann, PK AF Seidelmann, PK BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI The International Celestial Reference System SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has adopted a new and much more accurate International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), based on extragalactic radio sources. The reference frame is essentially fixed in space and not tied to the dynamics of the solar system. The use of the new reference frame does involve the kinematics of the Earth rotation. The ICRS, its realization as an optical reference frame, and as a reference frame for dynamical applications are described. The differences from the FK5 reference frame, how to get from there to the new system, the magnitude of the transformations, and the internal accuracies of the past and new systems are provided. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Seidelmann, PK (reprint author), USN Observ, 340 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 739 EP 745 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300045 ER PT S AU Seidelmann, PK Corbin, T AF Seidelmann, PK Corbin, T BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI The new star catalogs SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB The Hipparcos Astrometric Satellite star catalog was released in 1997 with 118,000 star positions, accurate to one milliarcsecond (mas) at epoch 1991. The ACT (Astrographic Catalog/Tycho) catalog of about 1 million stars accurate to about 25 mas is based on the Astrographic Catalogue observed at the beginning of the 20th century, and the Tycho observational catalog produced from the Hipparcos observations. It is fairly complete to Mv 11.0 with a few stars as faint as 12.0. The Washington Select Star List includes the most accurate positions of bright, non-double, and non-variable stars that are recommended for navigation and guidance. A Washington Fundamental Catalog based on observations from the ground and space is in preparation and will provide the best reference catalog at J2000.0 for stars down to 12th magnitude. New catalogs in the 12-16th magnitude range accurate to 20-50 mas are in preparation and an astrometric catalog of infrared sources is currently available. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Seidelmann, PK (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 747 EP 757 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300046 ER PT S AU Monet, DG AF Monet, DG BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI The 488,006,860 stars in the USNO-A1.0 catalog SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB The USNO-A1.0 catalog, the largest star catalog ever compiled and the first in a new series of star catalogs being produced by the U. S. Naval Observatory, was designed for users with operational requirements for an all-sky catalog of star positions and brightnesses. It is available by request (see http://www.usno.navy.mil/pmm/ for details) on 10 CD-ROMs, but quantities are limited and requests will be judged on their merit. No direct web access to the catalog is available yet, but several third parties serve portions of it. The needs of most users should be satisfied by the single CD-ROM "executive summary" catalog, USNO-SA1.0, which contains 54,787,624 entries and whose distribution is unlimited. In either catalog, each entry contains the right ascension and declination in the system of J2000, and the blue and red magnitudes. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Monet, DG (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 759 EP 762 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300047 ER PT S AU Seidelmann, PK Johnston, KJ Germain, M Monet, DG Murison, M Urban, S Davinic, N Rickard, LJ Weiler, K Shao, M Vaughan, A Fanson, J Norris, D Bahcall, J DeVegt, C Gatewood, G Gould, A Jefferys, W Lasker, B Miyamoto, M Sandage, A Van Altena, W York, D AF Seidelmann, PK Johnston, KJ Germain, M Monet, DG Murison, M Urban, S Davinic, N Rickard, LJ Weiler, K Shao, M Vaughan, A Fanson, J Norris, D Bahcall, J DeVegt, C Gatewood, G Gould, A Jefferys, W Lasker, B Miyamoto, M Sandage, A Van Altena, W York, D BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI Fizeau astrometric mapping explorer (FAME) satellite SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB FAME is a small, inexpensive astrometric satellite that would give a star catalog of 10,000,000 stars of accuracy a better than 50 microarcseconds to the 9th magnitude and I milliarcsecond for stars down to 15th magnitude. The astrometric catalog will provide a precise optical reference frame for navigation, guidance, and autonomous space navigation. The excellent science which can be done with the resulting data includes calibration of the "standard candles" for measuring cosmological distances, calibration of absolute luminosities of hundreds of solar-neighborhood stars, and kinematic studies to asses the abundance of hundreds of dark matter in the Galactic disk. Also, FAME would be a precursor for future space interferometers. It would identify candidate grid stars for SIM and stars for searches for planetary systems and brown dwarfs. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Seidelmann, PK (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 763 EP 782 PN 1&2 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300048 ER PT S AU Jensen, KE Fahroo, F Ross, IM AF Jensen, KE Fahroo, F Ross, IM BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI Application of optimal periodic control theory to the orbit reboost problem SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB A forced Keplerian trajectory (FXT) obtained by thrust-drag cancellation is not Mayer-optimal. The application of this result to the fuel-optimal orbit maintenance problem implies that periodic reboosts must be more efficient than an FKT profile, In this paper, we formulate an optimal periodic control problem to determine the minimum-fuel reboost strategy. This problem is numerically solved by a spectral collocation method Our results show that none of the optimal solutions are Hohmann-type bang-bang maneuvers. Further, there appears to be a natural altitude band for a given value of ballistic coefficient. Our analysis also shows that for a wide range of ballistic coefficients, singular thrust-arcs appear to dominate the thrust profile. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jensen, KE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 935 EP 945 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300058 ER PT S AU Hope, AS AF Hope, AS BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI Planning a faster, cheaper asteroid mission SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB Future space missions are being planned to satisfy the faster, cheaper and better philosophy. This paper is a how-to-guide for planning an asteroid mission which requires low energy (faster) for a low dollar cost (cheaper) and returns a maximum amount of science (better). Short term planning and execution of a mission is crucial to satisfy the cheaper aspect of a mission. A mission design methodology for constructing a low cost multiple asteroid flyby mission is given and example missions are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hope, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8103,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 1129 EP 1140 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300070 ER PT S AU Park, SY Ross, IM AF Park, SY Ross, IM BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI Gravitational effects of earth in optimizing delta-V for deflecting earth-crossing asteroids SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB The gravitational effects of Earth in calculating optimal impulses for deflecting Earth-crossing asteroids are presented in this paper. The patched conic method is used to formulate a constrained optimization problem. The constraints at Earth are pulled back to the constraints at the edge of the sphere-of-influence, The result is a modified heliocentric two-body optimization problem with first-order constraints. Numerical solutions to this approximate three-body problem indicate that the delta-V requirements are considerably more than that obtained by a pure two-body analysis. Generally speaking, the increments in the minimum delta-V due to the gravitational effects of Earth are large (by as much as 60%) for near-Earth asteroids, and the errors diminish for asteroids with large (i.e. e > 0.7) eccentricities. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Code ME-PK 1,Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Park, Sang-Young/F-5989-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 1195 EP 1204 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300074 ER PT S AU Soyka, MT Middour, JW Fein, J AF Soyka, MT Middour, JW Fein, J BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI Simultaneous orbit determination of large satellite constellations SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB The techniques of performing simultaneous orbit determination on a large telecommunications satellite constellation are demonstrated. Using the orbit determination program OCEAN, simulated radiometric two-way ranging is used as the baseline tracking type. Intersatellite ranging is used as an additional tracking type and for comparison to the two-way ranging solution. The addition of three-way ranging provides information necessary to determine the relative and absolute system timing. When satellite states are estimated in a simultaneous solution, intersatellite range and three-way range can provide cross-correlation and full covariance information between satellites. C1 USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soyka, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Code 8103,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 1275 EP 1293 PN 1&2 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300079 ER PT S AU Melvin, PJ AF Melvin, PJ BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI LEO orbit determination with differential GPS SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB Orbit determination of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites is developed with double differences from a global network of GPS ground stations from an existing Kalman filter. First-the pseudorange corrections required for both the ground station and satellite are described. Then the classical point solution is applied to pseudoranges measured from TOPEX and compared with the precise orbital ephemeris (POE). The double difference point solution is derived and is applied to two terrestrial data sets and to TOPEX. The measurements are sd precise the required improvements to the force model are described. Then five ground stations are used with the TOPEX data to obtain an orbit that is less than a meter from the POE. C1 USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Melvin, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Code 8103,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 1335 EP 1354 PN 1&2 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300082 ER PT S AU Binning, PW AF Binning, PW BE Middour, JW Sackett, LL DAmario, LA Byrnes, DV TI Satellite to satellite relative navigation using GPS signal simulators SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1998, VOL 99, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-11, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB Analysis has been conducted on relative satellite state estimate accuracies which might be attainable using measurements from the Global Positioning System. Each user receiver is independently tracking both frequencies of GPS and the measurements are free of Selective Availability. The tests are conducted using a space capable Alien Osborne TurboRogue receiver while connected to a Northern Telecom GPS signal simulator. The measurements are processed offline using the Filter/Smoother in the Naval Research Laboratory's orbit determination package; OCEAN. C1 USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Binning, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Code 8103,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-450-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1998 VL 99 BP 1355 EP 1368 PN 1&2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL82A UT WOS:000076812300083 ER PT B AU Dere, K AF Dere, K BE Mezzacappa, A TI Important atomic processes in solar physics SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) carries several ultraviolet spectrometers to diagnose the plasma conditions of the solar atmosphere in order to address several outstanding questions in solar research: why is the corona hot and how is the solar wind accelerated. Diagnostic techniques for determining the magnetohydrodynamic state (magnetic field,density, temperature, velocity) are discussed. We describe the CHIANTI database which has been designed to provide the necessary spectroscopic diagnostics for these data as well as for other spectroscopic missions. The database is built on 3 main files for each ion: atomic energy levels, radiative data, and electron collisional data. The electron collision strengths are assessed and scaled using the Burgess and Tully scaling laws. Analyses of EUV line intensities often reveal discrepancies between observed and predicted line intensities of about a factor of 2 when considering lines of the same ion. A more recent analysis has shown that it is possible to arrive at a subset of EUV spectral lines where the line intensities are reproducible to within a factor of about 25%. For X-ray lines, as will be observed by AXAF, there is still considerable need for energy levels, radiative data and collision strengths, particularly for the Delta n greater than or equal to 1 transitions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dere, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 283 EP 289 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500034 ER PT B AU Rajagopal, AK AF Rajagopal, AK BE Kalman, GJ Rommel, JM Blagoev, K TI Electron correlations in Coulomb systems in 2 and 3 dimensions SO STRONGLY COUPLED COULOMB SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Systems (SCCS 97) CY AUG 03-10, 1997 CL BOSTON COLL, CHESTNUT HILL, MA HO BOSTON COLL ID GROUND-STATE; MONTE-CARLO; FINITE TEMPERATURES; HELICAL SYMMETRY; GAS; SURFACES AB In this overview, the recent theoretical land some experimental) works on a variety of physical properties that arise from correlations among electrons interacting via Coulomb interactions in three and two - dimensional systems will be discussed. The subject matter has a long 70 year history which we meander through in this brief presentation, even after exclusion of several important aspects of the problem. The astrophysical and nuclear physics aspects of these problems will not be discussed. The main focus will be concerning issues of condensed matter physics. Also not discussed in this presentation is the important works on the electron correlations based on the Slater-Hubbard model (with a relatively shorter 40-year history) which is central in the recent discussions of strongly coupled systems such as high temperature superconductors and magnetic materials. Excluded also from discussion here is the effects of disorder, which is a separate topic in itself. Included in this talk will be spin-polarization as well as finite temperature effects, in both bulk and semi-infinite situations, and electron-hole plasmas. Interesting physical situations of two-dimensionality occuring in Mosfets, semiconductor heterojunctions, and electrons on cylindrical surfaces as in carbon nanotubules, will be briefly touched upon as they possess rich consequences of correlations. The effects of quantizing magnetic fields and the relativistic situations will only be mentioned in passing. Theoretical techniques used fall basically into five categories in my classification: (1) wave function methods - variational and nonvariational, (2) phenomenological/intuitive methods subsumed by diagrammatic techniques, (a) collective excitation theory of Bohm-Pines leading to Boson formulation, (b) dielectric formulation of Singwi and coworkers, (c) Fermi liquid theory of Landau, culminating in diagrammatic perturbation theory of Gell-Mann and Brueckner which in various forms contains all these and had important off-shoots, (3) Quantum Monte Carlo methods, (4) the method of Green functions, and finally, (5) density-functional method of Kohn and coworkers. Each of these had different insights to offer which we will spell out. Very recent work on the single particle Green function will also be discussed because of its implications to several physical properties of the system. A brief discussion of pair correlations and response functions is given as this provides information on collective properties such as plasma and spin wave oscillations, etc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46031-9 PY 1998 BP 49 EP 64 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BN85G UT WOS:000083193600007 ER PT B AU Reynolds, MA Fried, BD Morales, GJ AF Reynolds, MA Fried, BD Morales, GJ BE Kalman, GJ Rommel, JM Blagoev, K TI Velocity-space drag and diffusion in model, two-dimensional plasma SO STRONGLY COUPLED COULOMB SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Systems (SCCS 97) CY AUG 03-10, 1997 CL BOSTON COLL, CHESTNUT HILL, MA HO BOSTON COLL C1 USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Reynolds, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20418 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46031-9 PY 1998 BP 591 EP 595 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BN85G UT WOS:000083193600110 ER PT S AU Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Byers, JM Woodfield, BF Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS Auyeung, RCY AF Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Byers, JM Woodfield, BF Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS Auyeung, RCY BE Pavuna, D Bozovic, I TI Spin-injection into superconductors SO SUPERCONDUCTING AND RELATED OXIDES: PHYSICS AND NANOENGINEERING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Oxide Superconductor Physics and Nanoengineering CY JUL 20-24, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn, Oxxel GmbH Bremen DE non-equilibrium superconductivity; spin-polarization; spin-injection ID FERROMAGNET; CHARGE AB The effect of spin-polarized injection on the superconductivity order parameter is investigated in a device consisting of YBa2Cu3O7-delta/Au/Ni0.8Fe0.2 layers. A non-equilibrium theory which qualitatively agrees with the results of measurements made on superconductor/insulator/ferromagnet structures is presented. A quantitative analysis shows that this theory predicts injection currents that are several orders of magnitude too large. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Osofsky, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2936-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3481 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1117/12.335914 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BM36V UT WOS:000078506000045 ER PT J AU Buot, FA Rajagopal, AK AF Buot, FA Rajagopal, AK TI Landauer counting argument, quantum distribution-function transport equations, and nonequilibrium quantum statistical physics SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE quantum transport equations; Weyl transform; Liouville space; Super Green's function; Lindblad equation; action principle ID DEPENDENT VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE; RESONANT-TUNNELING STRUCTURES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DYNAMICAL SEMIGROUPS; CONDENSED MATTER; BROWNIAN-MOTION; SYSTEMS; FIELDS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEVICES AB Issues of nonequilibrium quantum statistical physics from the point of view of carrying out numerical computation of ultrafast dynamics, and consequences of the Liouville-von Neumann-Lindblad equation to incorporate dissipative and nonextensive phenomena are discussed. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Buot, FA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PY 1998 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 641 EP 660 DI 10.1006/spmi.1997.0511 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA ZF523 UT WOS:000072906000027 ER PT J AU Nelson, JS Dawson, LR Fong, CY Hemstreet, LA AF Nelson, JS Dawson, LR Fong, CY Hemstreet, LA TI Strain compensation in lattice mismatched short-period superlattices SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE short-period superlattice; strain compensation; spin-orbit interactions ID BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES AB The electronic properties of [001] (AlAs)(n)-(AlSb)(n) short-period strained-layer-superlattices (SPSLS) lattice matched to InP, for n less than or equal to 4, have been calculated with a first-principles self-consistent pseudopotential method. The layer dependence of the interplanar relaxations, direct and indirect band gaps, and spin-orbit and valence band strain splittings are studied. Evolution of the superlattice states from the bulk constituents is discussed in terms of wavefunction mixing and band repulsion due to zone-folding. The band structures of the SPSLSs are compared with a disordered alloy of AlAs0.5Sb0.5 represented by the special quasirandom structure. We fmd that continuum models of the total valence band splitting (strain and spin-orbit) do not accurately represent the electronic structure of lattice mismatched SPSLS, due to strong mixing of the heavy-and light-hole states across the interface. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 Sandia Natl Labs 1113, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nelson, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs 1113, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PY 1998 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1062 DI 10.1006/spmi.1996.0437 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA ZQ928 UT WOS:000073917100012 ER PT B AU McNelley, TR McMahon, ME AF McNelley, TR McMahon, ME BE Ghosh, AK Bieler, TR TI Recrystallization and superplasticity in aluminum alloys SO SUPERPLASTICITY AND SUPERPLASTIC FORMING 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm AB There are two distinct microstructural transformation routes that enable superplastic response in aluminum alloys. One involves changes that occur gradually and homogeneously throughout the deformation microstructure during annealing, and which have been described as continuous, or insitu, recrystallization. The reactions proceed with little or no migration of high-angle boundaries and generally small changes in the orientations within the deformation texture. Grain boundaries develop as grains subdivide during deformation processing, as well as via recovery within the deformation microstructure during annealing. The other route is comprised of recrystallization processes involving heterogeneous formation and subsequent growth of grains by the migration of newly-formed high-angle grain boundaries. The stable end orientations in the microstructure developed during deformation processing undergo large changes that result in the disappearance of deformation texture components and the appearance of recrystallization texture components. Results of investigations into the evolution of microtextures and grain boundary misorientations by means of computer-aided electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis methods for alloys representing each of these different routes will be summarized and implications to processing of Aluminum alloys for superplasticity will be discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-398-8 PY 1998 BP 75 EP 87 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK53H UT WOS:000072464600008 ER PT J AU Shahgholi, M Copper, CL Callahan, J AF Shahgholi, M Copper, CL Callahan, J TI Probing cyclodextrin - Guest associations using electrospray mass spectrometry SO SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electrospray mass spectrometry; noncovalent interactions; cyclodextrins; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; nitrophenols AB Mass spectrometric investigation of noncovalent interactions has been made possible with the advent of electrospray ionization technique. Early electrospray studies of these interactions have typically examined biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids. Noncovalent interactions also exist between host cyclodextrins and various guest molecules. In this work, we use electrospray mass spectrometry to examine noncovalent host-guest associations between cyclodextrins and several organic molecules with the goal of identifying the types of interactions that predominate in the inclusion complexes formed. The importance of "mild" electrospray conditions and sample preparation procedures are discussed in reference to these studies. Ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenol are used as guest molecules with alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrin hosts to study the effects of host size, guest substituent position, and host:guest concentration ratio on complex formation. Relative binding affinities are determined for meta- and para-nitrophenol and agree with other solution phase studies. We also present the first report of complexes between the very hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene and beta -cyclodextrin as observed under "mild" electrospray conditions. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shahgholi, M (reprint author), Amylin Pharmaceut Inc, 9373 Towne Ctr Dr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1061-0278 J9 SUPRAMOL CHEM JI Supramol. Chem. PY 1998 VL 9 IS 4 BP 263 EP 276 DI 10.1080/10610279808034996 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V3159 UT WOS:000171769500003 ER PT S AU Chow, GM Kurihara, LK Feng, CR Martinez-Miranda, LJ Lawrence, SH AF Chow, GM Kurihara, LK Feng, CR Martinez-Miranda, LJ Lawrence, SH BE Gonsalves, KE Baraton, MI Singh, R Hofmann, H Chen, JX Akkara, JA TI Chemical synthesis of nanostructured powders and coatings using the polyol method SO SURFACE-CONTROLLED NANOSCALE MATERIALS FOR HIGH-ADDED-VALUE APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface-Controlled Nanoscale Materials for High-Added-Value Applications CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Baikowski Int Corp, CERAMEC, City Technol Ltd, Corning Inc, Eastman Kodak Co, Grp Fournier, Div Tilderm Syst, Johnson & Johnson, Natl Sci Fdn, Oldham S A France, Rhone Poulenc, Schlumberger Ind AB An overview of our work on the synthesis of nanostructured powders and coatings using the polyol process is presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chow, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-406-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 501 BP 129 EP 136 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL07J UT WOS:000074175600020 ER PT S AU Singh, A Puranik, D Guo, Y Zabetakis, D Chang, EL AF Singh, A Puranik, D Guo, Y Zabetakis, D Chang, EL BE Gonsalves, KE Baraton, MI Singh, R Hofmann, H Chen, JX Akkara, JA TI Incorporation of nano-particle sites in polymer matrix by metal ion imprinting SO SURFACE-CONTROLLED NANOSCALE MATERIALS FOR HIGH-ADDED-VALUE APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface-Controlled Nanoscale Materials for High-Added-Value Applications CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Baikowski Int Corp, CERAMEC, City Technol Ltd, Corning Inc, Eastman Kodak Co, Grp Fournier, Div Tilderm Syst, Johnson & Johnson, Natl Sci Fdn, Oldham S A France, Rhone Poulenc, Schlumberger Ind AB We present an approach for synthesizing polymer matrices that have been pre-organized to bind metal ions selectively. The acyclic chelator, triethylenetetramine, was modified to include a polymerizable functional group and then complexed with a target metal ion. Unlike macro cyclic ligands, the acyclic chelators have the flexibility to form chelation rings that are dependent on metal-ion size and geometry. Therefore, we have used the complexation step as a means to optimize the chelator conformation for a particular metal ion. The resulting complex. was then cross linked with the matrix monomer, TRIM (2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol trimethacrylate), to provide a rigid polymer matrix for stabilization of the conformation for the metal-ligand site. These sites were then tested for selectivity towards the imprinted metal ion. Unlike imprinting for larger molecules, the relatively smaller size of the metal ions facilitated their access to the imprinted sites embedded in the porous polymers. In addition to met;ll-binding applications, polymeric materials doped with metal nanoparticles and metal ions can exhibit interesting physical, chemical, optical and electronic properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-406-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 501 BP 199 EP 207 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL07J UT WOS:000074175600029 ER PT J AU Godbey, DJ Ancona, MG AF Godbey, DJ Ancona, MG TI Analysis of Ge segregation in Si using a simultaneous growth and exchange model SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computer simulations; germanium; heterojunctions; models of surface kinetics; photoemission (total yield); silicon; surface segregation; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SURFACE SEGREGATION; INITIAL-STAGES; BURIED LAYER; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE AB Ge segregation data is analyzed using a. simultaneous growth and exchange model in the limit of infinite surface diffusion. This model is found to predict a longer leading edger an enlarged surface Ge storage reservoir and a better temperature dependence than the previously described two-layer model. This suggests;hat surface diffusion and rearrangement plays a more important role in Ge segregation than believed heretofore. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6125, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 395 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00607-9 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YW600 UT WOS:000071952800013 ER PT B AU Elsberry, RL AF Elsberry, RL GP AMS TI Thoughts on wky statistical tropical cyclone intensity forecasts have so little skill SO SYMPOSIUM ON TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 4 EP 10 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL98E UT WOS:000077346700002 ER PT B AU Hawkins, JD May, DA Helveston, MJ AF Hawkins, JD May, DA Helveston, MJ GP AMS TI Satellite tools for monitoring tropical cyclone intensity change SO SYMPOSIUM ON TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hawkins, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL98E UT WOS:000077346700012 ER PT B AU Peng, MS AF Peng, MS GP AMS TI Effect of asymmetry on the intensification of tropical cyclones SO SYMPOSIUM ON TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Peng, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Code 7533, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL98E UT WOS:000077346700016 ER PT B AU Lean, J Frohlich, C AF Lean, J Frohlich, C BE Balasubramaniam, KS Harvey, JW Rabin, DM TI Solar total irradiance variations SO SYNOPTIC SOLAR PHYSICS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th National-Solar-Observatory/Sacramento-Peak Summer Workshop on Synoptic Solar Physics CY SEP 08-12, 1997 CL SUNSPOT, NM SP Natl Solar Observ, Natl Optical Astron Observ, Natl Sci Fdn, Div Atmospher Sci, NASA, Space Sci Div, Off Space Sci, USAF, Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Space Hazards Branch AB Synoptic ground-based solar monitoring provides essential data with which to validate and interpret total irradiance variations measured from space-based platforms. Ground-based measurements and proxies of magnetic variability sources permit reconstructions of total irradiance variations that account for 88% of the variance in the 18-year space-based record. The models replicate both the rotational and cycle variability amplitudes. Continuing and enhancing the synergism of ground- and space-based solar monitoring in upcoming decades promises to secure a more physical basis for understanding solar total irradiance variations through associations with fundamental scales of solar magnetism, and sub-photospheric convective processes. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-60-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 140 BP 281 EP 292 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BL74T UT WOS:000076547800029 ER PT S AU Sung, MM Ahn, J Bykov, V Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Rabalais, JW AF Sung, MM Ahn, J Bykov, V Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Rabalais, JW BE Serio, MA Gruen, DM Malhotra, R TI Autocompensated surface structure of GaN film on sapphire SO SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Materials, at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 25-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc, Mat Chem Secretariat ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; OF-FLIGHT SCATTERING; RECOILING SPECTROMETRY; BLUE AB The surface composition and structure of a GaN film on sapphire has been determined through the use of time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry (TOF-SARS), classical ion trajectory simulations, low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and thermal decomposition mass spectrometry (MS). Elastic recoil detection (ERD) was used to determine the bulk hydrogen concentration. The totality of this data leads to the conclusions that the (1x1) surface is not reconstructed, that it is terminated in a N layer, and that Ga comprises the 2nd-layer. Hydrogen atoms are bound to 3/4 of the N atoms in the outerlayer and protrude outward from the surface, facilitating autocompensation of the otherwise unstable (1x1) structure. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabalais, JW (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Univ Pk, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3540-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1998 VL 681 BP 26 EP 38 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BK30R UT WOS:000071740500004 ER PT S AU Houser, EJ Keller, TM AF Houser, EJ Keller, TM BE Serio, MA Gruen, DM Malhotra, R TI Synthesis and characterization of linear tetraphenyl-tetramethyldisiloxane diacetylene copolymers SO SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Materials, at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 25-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc, Mat Chem Secretariat ID SILICON-CARBIDE; ORGANOSILICON POLYMERS; PYROLYSIS CHEMISTRY; THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; BORON-NITRIDE; CROSS-LINKING; PRECURSOR; POLY<(SILYLENE)DIACETYLENES>; POLYBORAZYLENE; CERAMICS AB New phenyl substituted siloxyl diacetylene polymers have been prepared in high yields. The syntheses are one-pot, two step procedures involving the reaction of dilithiobutadiyne with various dichlorodisiloxanes. Spectroscopic and microanalytical data support the proposed structures. The polymers are thermally crosslinked to give hard, void-free thermosets which can be further heated to give ceramic products with high weight retention. C1 USN, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Res Lab, Code 6120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3540-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1998 VL 681 BP 236 EP 247 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BK30R UT WOS:000071740500020 ER PT S AU Keller, TM Son, DY AF Keller, TM Son, DY BE Serio, MA Gruen, DM Malhotra, R TI Blending studies of poly(siloxane acetylene) and poly(carborane siloxane acetylene) SO SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Materials, at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 25-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc, Mat Chem Secretariat ID POLYMERS AB High temperature thermosets and ceramics have been synthesized by heat treatment of various blends of poly (siloxane-acetylene) and poly (carborane-siloxane-acetylene). The polymeric blends give high char yields on pyrolysis, and the resultant chars show excellent oxidative stability to at least 1500 degrees C. The thermosets and ceramic chars show similar oxidative stability to previously studied copolymers containing varying amounts of siloxane, carborane, and acetylene units within the backbone. It has been determined that only a small percentage of carborane is necessary to provide this oxidation protection. Thus, these precursor linear hybrid polymers are more cost-effective than previous polymers which contained carborane in each repeating unit. C1 USN, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Res Lab, Code 6120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3540-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1998 VL 681 BP 248 EP 258 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BK30R UT WOS:000071740500021 ER PT S AU Martin, BD Gaber, BP Patterson, CH Turner, DC AF Martin, BD Gaber, BP Patterson, CH Turner, DC BE Cohn, GE Katzir, A TI Fabrication of multiple antibody arrays using a hydrogel "microstamp" SO SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS AND DRUG DISCOVERY, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Systems and Technologies for Clinical Diagnostics and Drug Discovery CY JAN 26-27, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE immunosensor; patterning; antibody; array; fluorescence; hydrogel AB This work demonstrates a simple method for protein micropatterning. A new sugar poly(acrylate) hydrogel acts as a reusable "stamper" which deposits antibodies directly onto a silane modified capture surface. The antibodies are directly placed on the surface so a precise arrangement can be obtained with minimal cross-contamination among the antibody spots. Circular antibody spots have been created using this approach with diameters ranging from less than 20 to greater than 100 microns. Patterns were imaged using immunofluorescence microscopy wherein a fluorescently-labeled IgG antigen was selectively bound to the patterned (stamped) antibody. Signal to background ratios of greater than 25:1 have been routinely observed. Arrays with three antibodies were prepared and visualized by sequential exposure to fluorescently-labeled partner antigens. No cross-reactivity among the different antibody spots was observed. Engineered biosurfaces created using this new technology may be useful in the areas of multianalyte immunosensors, the assembly of protein ensembles, and cell patterning methods. (This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Office of Naval Research). C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2698-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3259 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1117/12.307324 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Engineering; Optics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BL12T UT WOS:000074379200019 ER PT S AU Groves, GW Chow, WC AF Groves, GW Chow, WC BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Glistening-region model for multipath studies SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation IV CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multipath; wave spectrum; glistening region; sea surface AB The goal is to achieve a model of radar sea reflection with improved fidelity that is amenable to practical implementation. The geometry of reflection from a wavy surface is formulated. The sea surface is divided into two components: the smooth "chop" consisting of the longer wavelengths, and the "roughness" of the short wavelengths. Ordinary geometric reflection from the chop surface is broadened by the roughness. This same representation serves both for forward scatter and backscatter (sea clutter). The "Road-to-Happiness" approximation, in which the mean sea surface is assumed cylindrical, simplifies the re reflection geometry for low-elevation targets. The effect of surface roughness is assumed to make the sea reflection coefficient dependent on the "Deviation Angle" between the specular and the scattering directions. The "specular" direction is that into which energy would be reflected by a perfectly smooth facet. Assuming that the ocean waves are linear and random allows use of Gaussian statistics, greatly simplifying the formulation by allowing representation of the sea chop by three parameters. An approximation of "low waves" and retention of the sea-chop slope components only through second order provides further simplification. The simplifying assumptions make it possible to take the predicted two-dimensional ocean wave spectrum into account in the calculation of sea-surface radar reflectivity, to provide algorithms for support of an operational system for dealing with target tracking in the presence of multipath. The product will be of use in simulated studies to evaluate different trade-offs in alternative tracking schemes, and will form the basis of a tactical system for ship defense against low flyers. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Groves, GW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2824-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3375 BP 232 EP 243 DI 10.1117/12.327156 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58S UT WOS:000075942300024 ER PT J AU Hawkins, R Gross, R Beuttel, S Holmboe, E Gliva-McConvey, G Haley, H AF Hawkins, R Gross, R Beuttel, S Holmboe, E Gliva-McConvey, G Haley, H TI Use of standardized patients for teaching and evaluating the genitourinary examination skills of internal medicine residents SO TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS; PELVIC EXAMINATION; STUDENTS; PROGRAM AB Background: Standardized patients are used frequently for the evaluation and teaching of clinical skills in medical school. They are less commonly used in residency programs, particularly for the demonstration, teaching and evaluation of trainees' skills in the male and female genitourinary (GU) examinations. Few data exist regarding the potential benefit of such methods in postgraduate medical education. Purposes: This study was undertaken to determine the impact of training using standardized patients (Genital Teaching Associates or GTAs) on performance of the GU examination and to survey residents prior training in these examinations during medical school. Methods: Thirty-four internal medicine residents participated in a male and female GTA exercise. Pre- and postexercise questionnaires were completed assessing internal medicine residents' self-perceived clinical skill in the GU examination and training in these examinations during medical school. Results: Residents assessed their own skills in performance of the GU examination to be significantly higher after the training exercise. Seventy-one percent had received training in the female genital examination using live models, and 97% had been directly observed in the performance of this examination during medical school In contrast, only 32% had received formal training in the male GU examination and 65% had been observed while performing this examination during medical school. Conclusion: Internal medicine residents may benefit significantly from training in the GU examination well into postgraduate training. Many residents have not received adequate training in the male GU examination in medical school. Copyright (C) 1998 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Profess Skills Teaching & Assessment Ctr, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Hawkins, R (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, EDP, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1040-1334 J9 TEACH LEARN MED JI Teach. Learn. Med. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 2 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1207/S15328015TLM1002_2 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA ZP746 UT WOS:000073784300002 ER PT B AU Dominguez, DD Chung, R Nguyen, V Tevault, D McGill, RA AF Dominguez, DD Chung, R Nguyen, V Tevault, D McGill, RA GP IAP IAP TI Evaluation of SAW chemical sensors for carbon filter-bed lifetime monitoring SO TECHNICAL DIGEST OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON CHEMICAL SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors (IMCS-7) CY JUL 27-30, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Educ Minist China, Sci & Technol Dev Minist China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing City Govt, Chinese Acad Sci, Ford Motor Co, KC Wong Educ Fdn, Kin-Tek Co, Medisense Co, State Key Lab Transducer Technol China, Beijing Sci & Technol Commiss AB A miniature surface acoustic wave (SAW) chemical sensor has been utilized to monitor the breakthrough of dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP, a nerve agent simulant) gas through a porous carbon filter-bed. The SAW sensor successfully monitored the progression of DMMP through the filter-bed, from low to high vapor concentrations. The SAW sensor was successfully operated under a variety of humidity conditions with no active temperature control applied to the filter bed or SAW sensor. The inclusion of the SAW sensor in the middle or at the end of the filter-bed did not degrade the performance of the filter-bed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dominguez, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI BEIJING PA 137 CHAONEI DAJIE, BEIJING 100010, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-80003-423-2 PY 1998 BP 130 EP 132 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BM03V UT WOS:000077459200043 ER PT B AU McGill, RA Nguyen, VK Chung, R Shaffer, RE DiLella, D Stepnowski, JL Mlsna, TE Venezky, DL Dominguez, D AF McGill, RA Nguyen, VK Chung, R Shaffer, RE DiLella, D Stepnowski, JL Mlsna, TE Venezky, DL Dominguez, D GP IAP IAP TI The "NRL-SAWRHINO": A nose for toxic gases SO TECHNICAL DIGEST OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON CHEMICAL SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors (IMCS-7) CY JUL 27-30, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Educ Minist China, Sci & Technol Dev Minist China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing City Govt, Chinese Acad Sci, Ford Motor Co, KC Wong Educ Fdn, Kin-Tek Co, Medisense Co, State Key Lab Transducer Technol China, Beijing Sci & Technol Commiss AB At the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), surface acoustic wave (SAW) chemical sensor systems have been in development since 1981. The primary focus has been the detection and identification of chemical agents and other toxic gases or vapors. In the recently developed "NRL-SAWRHINO" system (Rhino, Gr. Nose), a self-contained unit has been developed capable of autonomous field operation. An automated dual gas sampling system is included, for immediate detection capability, and periodic detection capability. The latter utilizes a trap-and-purge miniature gas chromatographic column which serves to collect, concentrate, and separate vapor or gas mixtures prior to SAW analysis. The SAWRHINO includes all the necessary electronic and microprocessor control, SAW sensor temperature control, onboard neural net pattern recognition capability, and visual/audible alarm features for field deployment. The SAWRHINO has been trained to detect and identify a range of live chemical agents and related simulants, and to discriminate against a wide range of interferent vapors and gases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McGill, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI BEIJING PA 137 CHAONEI DAJIE, BEIJING 100010, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-80003-423-2 PY 1998 BP 178 EP 180 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BM03V UT WOS:000077459200059 ER PT S AU Shaw, LB Schaafsma, DT Cole, B Harbison, BB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Shaw, LB Schaafsma, DT Cole, B Harbison, BB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID BE Murrer, RL TI Rare earth doped glass fibers as infrared sources for IRSS SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing III CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, CA SP SPIE DE rare-earth; chalcogenide glass; IR scene simulation; MWIR sources; LWIR sources; fiber arrays AB We report on the characteristics of rare earth doped chalcogenide glasses and their applicability as sources for IR scene simulation (IRSS). The characteristics of Pr3+-doped chalcogenide glass fiber sources and arrays operating in the MWIR region between 3-5 mu m are reported. Rare earth doped chalcogenide glasses for LWIR sources are also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, LB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2817-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3368 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.316395 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58R UT WOS:000075941600005 ER PT J AU Ozluturk, FM Tantaratana, S Lam, AW Ding, AM AF Ozluturk, FM Tantaratana, S Lam, AW Ding, AM TI Performances of DPSK and FSK CDMA systems with complex signature sequences SO TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-ACCESS COMMUNICATIONS; SPECTRUM AB This paper investigates the performance of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication systems in Gaussian noise channels using binary and M-ary noncoherent signaling schemes with complex signature sequences. Differential-phase-shift-keyed (DPSK) signaling with differentially coherent demodulation and frequency-shift-keyed (FSK) signaling with noncoherent demodulation are considered. Upper and lower bounds are presented for the probability of bit error (p.b.e.) of binary DPSK and binary FSK systems when the number of users is small. Simulation and Gaussian approximation are used to obtained the p.b.e. when the number of users is large. Two types of complex sequences (FZC and 4-phase sequences) and one type of binary sequences (Gold sequences) are used for evaluating numerical results. Results show that complex sequences outperform binary sequence when the number of users is small. However, as the number of users gets large, all sequences have similar performances. These suggest that complex sequences should be used when the number of users is small, but binary sequences should be used when the number of users is large, as binary sequences are easier to generate. C1 Interdigital Commun Corp, Melville, NY 11747 USA. Thammasat Univ, Siridhorn Int Inst Technol, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Inspex Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Ozluturk, FM (reprint author), Interdigital Commun Corp, 2 Huntington Quadrangle, Melville, NY 11747 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1018-4864 J9 TELECOMMUN SYST JI Telecommun. Syst. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 3-4 BP 205 EP 227 DI 10.1023/A:1019171101367 PG 23 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 165ED UT WOS:000078506200001 ER PT J AU Perkins, AL Smedstad, LF AF Perkins, AL Smedstad, LF TI Scale-related aspects of nested finite difference ocean models SO THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fluid Dynamics in Honor of James Lighthill CY NOV 06-08, 1996 CL TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA SP Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Florida State Univ, Program Comp Sci & Engn, Florida State Univ, Supercomp Comp Res Inst ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SIMULATIONS; FLOW AB We describe a fully nonlinear wind-forced nested ocean model. The model has been configured for both the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GW) Sea, an open ocean basin, and the Mediterranean Sea, a semienclosed basin. Prescribed nested boundary conditions are corrected with a mixed Orlanski/Flather-type radiation of the difference between the two numerical solutions. A second correction can then be made to restore conservation of desired properties across the grid interface. The nested experiments have produced multiyear simulations in good agreement with the basin-wide model. The differences between the basin-wide and the limited-area solutions are related, in part, to the different scales present in the respective numerical solutions. We attribute our ability to produce realistic year long limited-area nested simulations to a reduction of these scale-related modeling differences, including reducing the effects of aliasing between the two grids. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Perkins, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0935-4964 J9 THEOR COMP FLUID DYN JI Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1-4 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1007/s001620050066 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA YY659 UT WOS:000072170700020 ER PT B AU Parker, DS AF Parker, DS BE Coddet, C TI Case study: Application of HVOF sprayed coatings for replacement of chrome plating on Navy P-3 aircraft hydraulic components and landing gear SO THERMAL SPRAY, VOLS 1 AND 2: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Thermal Spray Conference CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL NICE, FRANCE SP CEA, Inst Polytechn Sevenans, Univ Limoges, Ecole Natl Super Mines Paris, Ecole Cent Lyon, Inst Soudure, Int Inst Welding, Select Comm Surfacing & Thermal Spraying, ASM, Thermal Spray Soc, German Welding Soc, High Temp Soc Japan AB Environmental constraints on exposure to hexavalent chrome and its compounds has prompted increased utilization of HVOF thermal spray coating technology to implement new overhaul repairs for components that are currently chrome plated. Proposed 1998 EPA and OSHA standards place very tight restrictions on the Personal Exposure Limit (PEL) for hexavalent chrome, which will impact chrome plating operations and most likely attendant grinding operations. Historically, HVOF or D-gun type repairs involved bearing bores, journals on main shafts, mid span supports, dimensional restorations and clearance control applications predominantly on gas turbine engines. Currently, the Naval Aviation Depot Jacksonville is further developing HVOF capabilities for repairing all P-3 aircraft hydraulic component piston rods, landing gear piston struts, and landing gear axle journals with a tungsten carbide 17% cobalt coating in lieu of chrome plating. Once implemented, the repair technology will be transferred to other Naval aircraft components beginning with F-14, F/A-18, EA-6B, E-6, and will eventually reduce personnel exposure to chrome and reduce environmental disposal costs for chrome plating waste by two-thirds. This paper provides a case study of the development and implementation of a chrome plating replacement for the P-3 aircraft including fatigue, corrosion, and seal wear testing, as well as HVOF parameter optimization development. C1 USN, Aviat Depot, NAS Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Parker, DS (reprint author), USN, Aviat Depot, NAS Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-659-8 PY 1998 BP 243 EP 248 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BL72E UT WOS:000076440700039 ER PT S AU Perez, I Santos, R Kulowitch, P Ryan, M AF Perez, I Santos, R Kulowitch, P Ryan, M BE Snell, JR Wurzbach, RN TI Calorimetric modeling of thermographic data SO THERMOSENSE XX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XX CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE NDE; thermography; thermal models; calorimetric models; defects AB Thermographic data is typically analyzed in terms of thermal time of night methods. Information regarding the depth of flaws in metal and composite materials can be obtained in this manner. Small discrepancies between experimental data and actual depth of flaw have been observed when the flaw diameter varies while the depth remains constant. The slope of the rising portion of the contrast curve has been shown to be more insensitive to these types of effects. Most of these types of analysis are empirical in nature and strongly depend on the material being studied. Simple calorimetric arguments have recently been derived which also allow for the derivation of the same depth information but at the same time provide more insight into the thermographic process. In this talk these simple calorimetric arguments will be presented and correlated to experimental results from samples with various flat bottom holes. Results on Al and polymer matrix composites will be presented. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Div Mat, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Perez, I (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Div Mat, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2810-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3361 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1117/12.304716 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BL17D UT WOS:000074540100009 ER PT B AU Park, VD Corson, MS AF Park, VD Corson, MS GP IEEE TI A performance comparison of the Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm and Ideal Link-State Routing SO THIRD IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTERS AND COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1998 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Comp Soc AB We present a relative performance comparison of the Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) with air Ideal Link Stare (ILS) renting algorithm. The performance metrics evaluated include bandwidth efficiency for both control and data, as well as end-to-end message packet delay and throughput. The routing algorithms are compared in the context of a dynamic, multihop, wireless network employing broadcast transmissions. The network parameters varied include network size, average rate of topological changes and average network connectivity. While the average network connectivity was found not to be a significant factor, the relative performance of TORA and ILS was found to be critically dependent on the network size, and average rate of topological changes. The results further indicate that for a gir en available bandwidth-as either the size of network increases or the rate of network topological change increases, the performance of TORA eventually exceeds that of ILS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Park, VD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8538-7 PY 1998 BP 592 EP 598 DI 10.1109/ISCC.1998.702600 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BL32C UT WOS:000075098200107 ER PT S AU Boober, W Morton, D Gedney, C Abbot, P AF Boober, W Morton, D Gedney, C Abbot, P BE Tomasini, EP TI Efficient system for wavenumber-frequency analysis of underwater structures SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS BY LASER TECHNIQUES: ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL ANCONA, ITALY SP Italian Assoc Laser Velocimetry, Univ Studi Ancona, Dipartimento Meccan, AEA SArl, API Raffineria Ancona SpA, DAYCO PTI SpA, Merloni Elettrodomestici, NUOVO PIGNONE SpA, Opto & Laser Europe, TEUCO Guzzini Srl, Amer Concrete Inst Int, AMA, Fachverband Sensorik e V, Acoust Soc Japan, Bulgarreklama, GISI, Gruppo Imprese Strumentazione Italia, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Int Measurement Confederat, Soc Automot Engineers Japan, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Automot Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers AB A watertight housing was developed to allow a scanning laser vibrometer (SLV) system to work underwater. Compared to other underwater optical measurement systems, this system offers distinct advantages, including ease of adaptation to a variety of tests, no requirement to be near lank windows, and a simplified rigging system. The system was recently used to successfully conduct a wavenumber frequency evaluation of the vibratory response of a submerged cylindrical shell. The technical issues in developing the housing and assuring the integrity of the SLV accuracy during transition to underwater use will be discussed. Also, problems encountered in maximizing return signal strength, preparation of the shell. and the process of on-sight data transfer for quick-look wavenumber-frequency analysis while data are being acquired will be presented. The cylindrical shell was excited with 100 to 5000 Hz chirp signals by a 44 N shaker that was attached axially at the center of a bulkhead. A scan consisted of 3 columns with 64 measurement points per column. The shell was rotated 11.25 degrees and the scan repeated to collect an array of 32 by 64 equally spaced points totaling 6144 measurements. The time of data acquisition was about 11 hours. This underwater housing permitted the type of measurements that are not readily available with other systems. With most ocher techniques the collection time would have been significantly longer. The transfer functions between the velocities measured at each scan location and the shaker force signal were computed as functions of frequency. The transfer functions computed for the center scan columns (normal velocities) were then transformed into the wavevector domain using a two-dimensional FFT program. Preliminary results show that the shell response is concentrated near zero circumferential wavenumber (n=0, where n is the circumferential mode number), due to the axial symmetry of the driving force. Further, the maximum shell response is also concentrated near the ring frequency of the cylinder, at an axial wavenumber of about -20 rad/m (corresponding to a 21 cm wavelength, propagating downward). C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Boober, W (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8211, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2863-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3411 BP 282 EP 293 DI 10.1117/12.307711 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BL17F UT WOS:000074540800032 ER PT S AU Pieper, RJ AF Pieper, RJ GP SSST TI Observations on convergence problems of pipeline networks SO THIRTIETH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL WEST VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Comp Sci & Elect Engn, WVU Inst Technol, Elect Engn, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE, WVU Student Branch HO WEST VIRGINIA UNIV AB Presented in the paper will be a brief introduction to methods of solving pipeline networks and the corresponding electrical analogies. Numerically generated data from a pipeline example will support the argument that two-cycle trapping is created by the nonlinearity in the pipeline network model in the transition fluid flow regime. Second the results will demonstrate that averaging between iteration cycles greatly facilitates the objective of reaching a convergent solution. Lastly, data generated from the one dimensional Feigenbaum model which replicate effects similar to the N-dimensional pipeline model will also be presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pieper, RJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-4547-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 1998 BP 38 EP 41 DI 10.1109/SSST.1998.660016 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BK72J UT WOS:000073214100008 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT AF O'Brien, RT GP SSST TI On stabilizing solutions to the Riccati differential equation SO THIRTIETH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL WEST VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Comp Sci & Elect Engn, WVU Inst Technol, Elect Engn, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE, WVU Student Branch HO WEST VIRGINIA UNIV AB Sufficient conditions are presented for the existence of a stabilizing solution to a Riccati differential equation using the notion of a pole set for a time-varying state equation previously defined by the authors. The results presented in this paper supplement the work of Ravi, et al. and generalize the methods used in the investigation of stabilizing solutions to the algebraic Riccati equation. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-4547-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 1998 BP 80 EP 84 DI 10.1109/SSST.1998.660023 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BK72J UT WOS:000073214100015 ER PT S AU Pieper, RJ Michael, S AF Pieper, RJ Michael, S GP SSST TI Using PSpice to model the cooling performance of convective surfaces SO THIRTIETH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL WEST VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Comp Sci & Elect Engn, WVU Inst Technol, Elect Engn, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE, WVU Student Branch HO WEST VIRGINIA UNIV AB The electronic circuit simulator PSpice can provide the means of obtaining numerical non analytic solutions to thermal heat how problems which would otherwise be difficult or impossible to derive. Rules for relating physical heat flow parameters to equivalent distributed lossy transmission line parameters are derived. This method for numerical evaluation of the heat dissipating performance of complicated fin structures forming cold-stacks is validated by comparison with recently published analytic solutions for double stack cold plates. Although the focus of the presentation will be on the static, i.e. DC performance, the extension of this numerical simulation technique to transient problems in heat transfer of interconnected fin structures will be clarified. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pieper, RJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-4547-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 1998 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1109/SSST.1998.660024 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BK72J UT WOS:000073214100016 ER PT S AU Parris, CP Alouani, AT AF Parris, CP Alouani, AT GP SSST TI On the implementation of a fuzzy variable structure control SO THIRTIETH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL WEST VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Comp Sci & Elect Engn, WVU Inst Technol, Elect Engn, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE, WVU Student Branch HO WEST VIRGINIA UNIV AB Recently, a new robust control algorithm was developed at the Advanced Systems Laboratory. This algorithm extended the variable structure control design to include fuzzy systems and is called fuzzy variable structure control (FVSC). To apply the newly developed algorithm, uncertain nonlinear dynamical systems have been interpreted as fuzzy systems and modeled by fuzzy differential equations. This algorithm was previously applied to the control of a single arm robot using a suboptimal algorithm. This paper extends the previous work to a two joint robot arm and implements it using a computationally optimized algorithm. The simulation and preliminary experimental results are presented at the end. C1 USN, Dahlgren Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Parris, CP (reprint author), USN, Dahlgren Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-4547-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 1998 BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.1109/SSST.1998.660076 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BK72J UT WOS:000073214100055 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Foster, G AF Gray, JE Foster, G GP SSST TI Solutions of matrix equations arising in track filter theory SO THIRTIETH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL WEST VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Comp Sci & Elect Engn, WVU Inst Technol, Elect Engn, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE, WVU Student Branch HO WEST VIRGINIA UNIV AB In this note, the general solution of the equations that arise in constant coefficient filter theory are solved for arbitrary number of dimensions. Namely, we solve the first order matrix equation for the special case of scalar measurements. We also determine the covariance matrix for the general case. We then illustrate these results for the specific case of an alpha-beta filter. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr DD, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr DD, Code N92, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-4547-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 1998 BP 370 EP 372 DI 10.1109/SSST.1998.660098 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BK72J UT WOS:000073214100071 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Foster, GJ AF Gray, JE Foster, GJ GP SSST TI An extension of the tracking index concept to non-Kalman filter selection techniques SO THIRTIETH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL WEST VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Comp Sci & Elect Engn, WVU Inst Technol, Elect Engn, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE, WVU Student Branch HO WEST VIRGINIA UNIV AB In this note, we determine several different ways of relating the tracking index of Kalata to a cost function optimization method of calculating the filter coefficients. The cost function method can be used to define a tracking index. Thus, we demonstrate the relationship between the two methods. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code N92,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-4547-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 1998 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.1109/SSST.1998.660099 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BK72J UT WOS:000073214100072 ER PT S AU Parks, AD Cullin, DW Stoudt, DC Gray, JE AF Parks, AD Cullin, DW Stoudt, DC Gray, JE GP SSST TI An optical Aharonov-Albert-Vaidman effect SO THIRTIETH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL WEST VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Comp Sci & Elect Engn, WVU Inst Technol, Elect Engn, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE, WVU Student Branch HO WEST VIRGINIA UNIV AB The notion of the weak value of a quantum mechanical observable has recently been introduced by Aharonov et al. (Phys. Rev. A 41,11 (1990)), hereafter referred to cls AAV. We have performed an experiment similar to one proposed by Knight et al. and demonstrated that weak valves can be observed and that they exhibit the properties described by AAV within the regime of validity. We suggest that preselection and postselection measurement techniques could be useful for study of physical phenomena that might be otherwise unobservable. C1 USN, Quantum Proc Grp, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Parks, AD (reprint author), USN, Quantum Proc Grp, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-4547-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 1998 BP 441 EP 446 DI 10.1109/SSST.1998.660112 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BK72J UT WOS:000073214100085 ER PT S AU Nikolakopoulos, X Ha, TT Robertson, RC AF Nikolakopoulos, X Ha, TT Robertson, RC BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Optimum codes for FFH/BFSK receivers with self-normalization combining and hard decision decoding in fading channels SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB The application of forward error correction coding to a fast frequency-hopped binary frequency-shift keying (FFH/BFSK) noncoherent receiver with self-normalization combining and noise jamming is discussed in this paper. The performance of the receiver is examined both when data are encoded using Reed-Solomon codes and concatenated Reed-Solomon and convolutional codes, all with hard decision decoding. The effect of the transmission channel is considered, and results are derived for a Rayleigh fading channel and for Ricean fading channels with several ratios of direct-to-diffuse signal power. Only frequency-nonselective, slowly fading channels are considered. The combination of diversity and forward error correction coding is found to improve the performance of the receiver in the presence of jamming, and optimum codes for each coding scheme are discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nikolakopoulos, X (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 67 EP 71 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800012 ER PT S AU Van Nevel, A AF Van Nevel, A BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Texture classification using wavelet frame decompositions SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Multiscale approaches have provided researchers with a new avenue of approach concerning problems in texture analysis curd segmentation. In this paper. a nerv multiscale method is described one which extracts a feature vector that is bared on a density of zero crossings of a wavelet frame decomposition for a particular texture. Each subband of the decomposition contains information for a particular scale and orientation. Thirty-four different textures were analyzed, with six different wavelet families (Haar, D4, D10,D20,DS8, and C6), and the classification results for different distance metrics are discussed. Also, the validity of this approach to the texture segmentation problem is addressed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Van Nevel, A (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 311 EP 314 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800058 ER PT S AU Fargues, MP Overdyk, HF Hippenstiel, R AF Fargues, MP Overdyk, HF Hippenstiel, R BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Wavelet-based detection of frequency hopping signals SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE wavelets; detection; communication AB We investigate the application of wavelet transforms in the detection and estimation of spread spectrum frequency hopping signals. The technique developed in this work makes only two basic assumptions of a minimum hopping time and a minimum frequency hopping differential. The approach is based on the phase information of the temporal correlation function and the resulting discrete wavelet transform of the phase information is used to estimate the hopping time of frequency hopping signals. Results show the proposed scheme is robust to additive white noise degradations for SNR levels of 3 dB and above. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fargues, MP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 515 EP 519 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800096 ER PT S AU Hanson, GA Iltis, RA AF Hanson, GA Iltis, RA BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Near optimal detection of complex signals with unknown parameters SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we consider the problem of detecting complex signals with uncertain parameters including amplitude and phase. For one class of problems the optimal solution is a three-layer neural network with an infinite number of intermediate nodes. We investigate several finite size structures which approximate the output of the optimal detector and deliver near optimal detection performance with reduced complexity. Training these structures is shown to have art interpretation in terms of minimizing cross entropy. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hanson, GA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 472C00D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 530 EP 534 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800099 ER PT S AU Larkin, MJ AF Larkin, MJ BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Classification of sonar signals using Bayesian networks SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB A pertinent issue in the development of automated classifiers is the combination of information extracted from the data with a priori information that we may have about the classes in question. Incorporating prior knowledge is particularly useful if the data is incomplete or imprecise. Bayesian networks offer an ideal representation for the combination of a priori knowledge with data. This paper discusses the implementation of a Bayesian network classifier for the purpose of classifying underwater mines, using knowledge that is known by experts (sonar operators) about the distinguishing characteristics of mines, such as size, shape, shadow and resonance. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Larkin, MJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 3111, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 855 EP 858 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800159 ER PT S AU Aziz, AM Tummala, M Cristi, R AF Aziz, AM Tummala, M Cristi, R BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Optimal data fusion strategies using multiple-sensor detection systems SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB The problem of decision fusion in distributed sensor systems is considered. Distributed sensors pass their decisions to a fusion center that combines the received decisions from the various sensors into a final global decision. The case where only two sensors are combined using an AND fusion rule was analyzed by Kovattana [1], and the cases where two and three sensors are combined using AND and OR fusion rules were analyzed by Fefjar [2]. Steams considered the case of combining two sensors using AND and OR fusion rules and showed that the receiver operating characteristics of the AND and the OR combiners must be intersected, AND was superior to OR at low false-alarm probabilities, and OR was superior to AND at high false-alarm probabilities. This paper shows that the optimal fusion rule does not only depend on the desired false alarm probability and the signal to noise ratio but also depends on the probability distribution function. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Aziz, AM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 941 EP 945 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800176 ER PT S AU Hippenstiel, R Khalil, N Fargues, M AF Hippenstiel, R Khalil, N Fargues, M BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI The use of wavelets to identify frequency hopped signals SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Digital signal processing is used in the interception of digital communication signals. Due to the inherent security features, frequency hopped signals (FH) are widely used in both military and commercial communication applications. The interception of FH signals can be addressed in several ways. In this work we use the Instantaneous Correlation Function (ICF) to represent non-stationary signals. We relate the wavelet transform the ICF surface of a signal to its Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD). The signals can be observed in the scale surfaces of the wavelet domain. An energy analysis is applied to the surfaces (in the wavelet domain) to identify the scale of the FH signal and to estimate the hop frequency. The FH signals can also be identified by inspecting the pattern of the scales of a multiple-hop-observation interval. If all hop frequencies are within one wavelet scale, then the FH signal can be identified by a set of distinct hop frequencies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hippenstiel, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 946 EP 949 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800177 ER PT S AU Giannopoulos, E Streit, RL Swaszek, PF AF Giannopoulos, E Streit, RL Swaszek, PF BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Multi-target Track Segment Bearings-only Association and Ranging SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Target localization from bearings observations in a multi-target and multi-sensor environment is a difficult problem. In this paper we present TSBEAR (Track Segment Bearings-only Association and Ranging), a new algorithm for bearings only localization with multiple targets. Groups of bearings-only track segments from multiple targets and from several own ship legs and sensors are associated and used to localize the targets. TSBEAR is novel since it requires neither enumeration nor pruning and the estimation and association steps are performed jointly. It is demonstrated with simulated data and its performance to single target algorithms is discussed. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Giannopoulos, E (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 1336 EP 1340 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800251 ER PT S AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Spatially partitioned lossless image compression in an embedded framework SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we present a new method of lossless image compression which has two additional useful properties: (1) a continuous range of lower resolution images (e.g., lossy images) can be extracted from the representation ard (2) any desired region of the image can be individually extracted with lip to lossless quality. We achieve these additional properties by spatially partitioning a modified version of the Embedded Zerotree Wavelet compression algorithm. Specifically, the proposed approach uses a new form of successive coefficient refinement which reduces its complexity and improves its rate-distortion performance for lossy decompression. We show here that the compression performance of the proposed method is only slightly worse than that of the Said & Pearlman approach which does not offer regional decompression. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 1455 EP 1459 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800274 ER PT B AU Tucker, HD Crawford, JJ AF Tucker, HD Crawford, JJ GP SAFE SAFE TI Safety of flight and anthropometry in United States Navy aircraft SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB The US Navy initiated a tri-service effort in 1994 to agree on a population data set representative of the future Department of Defense aviator pool, map current Naval aircraft crew stations, and standardize methods to evaluate crew member accommodation. The Joint Primary Aircraft Training System (JPATS) is specified to accommodate a much wider range of pilot body sizes than any other aircraft in USN/USAF history. Based on the jointly-selected JPATS population, the USN anticipated a concern for this expanded range of pilots to safely fly subsequent aircraft and a need to reengineer those aircraft to better meet a Congressional mandate for female accommodation. To address this safety concern, the USN initiated the cockpit mapping effort to quantify safe pilot fit in all operational aircraft. The USN performs three-dimensional computer aided drafting (CAD) based cockpit measurements of the accommodation provided by each aircraft and measures the clearances, reaches, and field of view for a range of individuals. The end products are prediction equations that are used to determine a percentage of the target population (JPATS) that is expected to be accommodated in a particular aircraft. Aircrew candidate selections for a training pipeline and final operational assignments are based on achieving a suitable seat position. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Crew Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Tucker, HD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Crew Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 54 EP 61 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200009 ER PT B AU Hall, JB AF Hall, JB GP SAFE SAFE TI The vibrational environment of an ejection: Lessons learned from the fourth generation escape systems advanced technology demonstration program SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB Modem ejection seats are being built with critical electronic components, as technological advances have made it possible to utilize electronic sequencers and digital computers for flight control. These systems are more susceptible to damage from the harsh vibrational environment of an ejection than their mechanical predecessors. This paper defines that environment and develops a baseline vibrational spectrum for which future systems can be expected to operate in, based on lessons learned from tests conducted under the Fourth Generation Program. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Inflight Escape Syst Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Hall, JB (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Inflight Escape Syst Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 104 EP 114 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200015 ER PT B AU Wheeler, CM Niedzielski, P Barnette, B Sacramento, CA McDonald, AB AF Wheeler, CM Niedzielski, P Barnette, B Sacramento, CA McDonald, AB GP SAFE SAFE TI Fourth generation escape system technology demonstration pintle nozzle controllable propulsion system SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB A pintle nozzle controllable solid propulsion system was demonstrated in the joint US Air Force and US Navy Fourth Generation Escape Systems Technology Demonstration (4th Gen) Program. Industry team prime contractor, Boeing, and propulsion subcontractor Aerojet designed, built and demonstrated the advanced technology propulsion and control system using an AGES II ejection seat as a demonstration test bed. The propulsion and control system used a four thruster pintle nozzle solid rocket motor which provided control of pitch, yaw, and roll moments to actively stabilize and control the ejection seat trajectory throughout an expanded ejection envelope. A guidance and control unit used navigation inputs from an integrated inertial measurement unit and directed control of the thrust from the individual nozzles. High response electromechanical actuators powered by thermal batteries regulated the pintle position hence the throat area, controlling the pintle nozzle thrust. The test results acquired from a series of Phase I static firing tests at Aerojet, and Phase Il ejection tests at the Holloman AFB High Speed Test Track are reviewed in this technical paper, including pintle thrust control and component performance. The two-phase program successfully demonstrated the capability of the controllable propulsion technology, and identified lessons learned for integration into current and future ejection seat designs. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Wheeler, CM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 125 EP 141 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200017 ER PT B AU Wheeler, C Morris, J AF Wheeler, C Morris, J GP SAFE SAFE TI Evolution of ejection seat pintle technology SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB Since the first pintle technology program began in September 1991, pintle system design for ejection seats has evolved into smaller, more compact packages. In the Controlled Thrust for Aircrew Escape Systems (CTAES) Program, the pintle rocket motor was designed as a relatively low risk, reusable heavyweight system to demonstrate the on-command controllable thrust capabilities while satisfying thrust and total impulse requirements defined for an advanced seat. The 4th Generation Escape System Technologies Demonstration Program (4th Gen), which began in January 1993, required a re-usable system for demonstration and sled testing. The system had to mount on an existing AGES II seat, chosen as the demonstration testbed by prime contractor Boeing (formerly McDonnell Douglas Aerospace), and withstand the g-loads and shocks associated with sled testing. In order to meet the motor and flight control system requirements, critical actuator performance i.e., slew rates and frequency response, were doubled compared to CTAES. Since a 4th Gen type system was difficult to integrate on existing aircraft ejection seats, the Multi-Axis Pintle Attitude Control (MAXPAC) concept for retrofitting and upgrading seats like the AGES II was conceived. MAXPAC was designed to replace existing underseat rocket motors where size, weight, and cost were the driving design parameters. As part of this, fail-safe technology was instituted using springs to force balance the pintle. A higher operational pressure was used to reduce pintle and thruster size. A comparison of CTAES, 4(th) Gen, and MAXPAC clearly shows a trend toward reduced size, weight, and cost while continuing to offer unique escape system performance capability. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Wheeler, C (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 142 EP 149 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200018 ER PT B AU Jaffee, M Coughlin, R Moore, B AF Jaffee, M Coughlin, R Moore, B GP SAFE SAFE TI Priority one: Survival! - Part III - Navy state-of-the-art survival item update - personal survival kit SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB At the 1995 SAFE Symposium, a paper was presented regarding a database developed by the State-of-the-Art (SOA) program at the Naval Air Warfare Center at Patuxent River with the goal of determining what the priority of survival items should be for survival, evasion and rescue. That paper, Priority One, Survival!, discussed the database, explained its initial findings and requested feedback from the community pertaining to this issue. During the 1996 SAFE Symposium, Mr. James Johnson continued the discussion in his presentation, Survival Equipment, Has It Really Changed?. At the 1997 Symposium, Priority One Survival! -- PART II, the discussion was broadened regarding this important issue of what should be carried as survival equipment. Military as well as civilian usage of survival items was addressed as well as the priority items for different aircraft, environments, military services and countries. This presentation will discuss recommendations as to what should be carried by aircrew as a personal survival kit to supplement what is already available in military survival kits and vests. Inputs will examine recommendations from such organizations as the National Rifle Association (NRA) and Boy Scouts to that proposed by various civilian books and magazine articles, survival outfitters, as well as military manuals and articles. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Jaffee, M (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 288 EP 314 PG 27 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200034 ER PT B AU Thorpe, RC AF Thorpe, RC GP SAFE SAFE TI Evaluation of head mobility in the xyz plane for a newly designed neck bellows on the chemical biological & radiological (CBR) impermeable ventilated mask, MCK-3A/P SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB The experimental program described in this paper will address the head rotation deficiency which was first sited during the flight and ground evaluation of the A/P23P-14A(V)2,3,4 TACAIR Conversion Chemical Biological & Radiological (CBR) Protective System in 1995: Decreased head rotation, and head mobility in the three dimensional (xyz) plane is a critical limitation for fixed wing aircrew because the ability of Navy pilots to visually identify and track missiles is degraded and their field of regard is reduced. The analytical instrument used to investigate head rotation was the Polhemus Navigation Science 3Space(R) digitizer/tracker system. The Polhemus 3Space(R) system utilized low-frequency magnetic field technology to determine the position and orientation of a sensor in relation to a source or some other specified reference frame. The Polhemus 3Space(R) system provided the capability to quickly capture the geometry of a three-dimensional nonmetallic object, which could then be transmitted as ASCII or binary data to a host computer system. provided the capability to quickly capture the The experimental results reported in this paper were used to evaluate a newly designed neck! seal for the CBR impermeable ventilated mask, MCK-3A/P. A statistical comparison. of the Polhemus head tracker results for the modified mask versus the baseline mask was used to quantitatively determine improvements in head rotation and ultimately led to a decision for implementation of the newly designed neck bellows. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Crew Syst Dept, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Thorpe, RC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Crew Syst Dept, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 329 EP 344 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200037 ER PT B AU Gordge, DN AF Gordge, DN GP SAFE SAFE TI Qualification of an expanded coverage g-suit for navy combat edge SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB The Navy Combat Edge (NCE) System is an aviation life support system designed to provide increased g-tolerance in high performance aircraft. The design incorporates g-modulated positive pressure breathing, an upper torso counter pressure garment, and an extended coverage g-suit. In September of 1997, the NCE lower anti-g garment, EAGLE (CSU-20/P) suffered a failure during a combat training mission, causing the pilot to temporarily lose control of his F/A-18 aircraft, and to consequently abort the flight. Fortunately, both aircraft and pilot landed safely. The incident resulted in grounding of the NCE system until appropriate remedial actions were identified. The NCE team undertook an engineering investigation of the g-suit's failure. The results of the investigation revealed deficiencies of the bladder design, the restraint fabric, and the performance standards by which the g-suit had been originally qualified. This paper presents the test methods pursued and developed throughout the investigation, and recommendation for a new qualification standard for the performance of g-suits. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Crew Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Gordge, DN (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Crew Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 345 EP 352 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200038 ER PT B AU Nichols, JP AF Nichols, JP GP SAFE SAFE TI The use of ejection simulation in mishap investigations SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB Modeling and simulation of ejection events can be a valuable tool in the investigations of aircraft mishaps. Engineers at the Naval Air System Command (NAVAIR), Patuxent River, MD frequently utilize 6 degrees of freedom (6 DOF) computer modeling and simulation to aid in mishap investigations. Simulations are used to reenact the mishap and evaluate many aspects of the event. Initial conditions and impact conditions can be examined, the time when the envelope for safe ejection was exceeded can be determined, possible system malfunctions can be investigated, and possible improvements to the seat systems can be evaluated using the actual mishap conditions. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Crew Syst Dept, Emergency Egress & Crashworthy Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Nichols, JP (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Crew Syst Dept, Emergency Egress & Crashworthy Syst Div, Code 4-6, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 473 EP 481 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200051 ER PT B AU Caulder, SM Hernandez, E AF Caulder, SM Hernandez, E GP SAFE SAFE TI Factors affecting the ballistic performance of CTPB propellants used in aircrew escape rocket systems SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB An in-service engineering requirement is to evaluate the performance of aircrew escape rocket motors that have been returned from the Field after various periods of time. During this in-service time period, a number of factors can change the performance characteristics of the rocket motors. Factors that can directly affect the propellant's ballistic performance are moisture, temperature changes, soluble impurities within the polymer matrix and vibration. Temperature and moisture can also affect other components associated with the rocket motor such as the o-rings. Static firing Lot Acceptance Tests (LATs) and quality evaluation test (QEs) are done to evaluate initial rocket performance as well as the ballistic properties of the motor as a function of in-service aging. The QEs also entail chemical and microstructural analysis of dissected motors using a scanning electron microscope equipped with x-ray energy dispersive analysis capabilities. Other methods are also used to investigate phenomena that could lead to reduced rocket performance. The results obtained from the ballistic chemical and microstructural analysis of the zero time and aged rocket motors are used to predict the service life of CTPR/AP rocket systems These results will he discussed. Emphasis will he placed on the mechanisms leading to performance degradation. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Caulder, SM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 501 EP 515 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200054 ER PT J AU Rowe, CA Bolitho, JS Jane, A Bundesen, PG Rylatt, DB Eisenberg, PR Ligler, FS AF Rowe, CA Bolitho, JS Jane, A Bundesen, PG Rylatt, DB Eisenberg, PR Ligler, FS TI Rapid detection of D-dimer using a fiber optic biosensor SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article ID FIBRIN DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; PLASMA D-DIMER; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CROSSLINKED FIBRIN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; XL-FDP; COAGULATION; DERIVATIVES; IMMUNOASSAY; THERAPY AB We describe a rapid and sensitive method for detection and quantification of D-dimer and other crosslinked fibrin degradation products (XL-FDPs), which are present in elevated concentrations in patients with sepsis and thrombotic disorders. The method utilizes a sandwich fluoroimmunoassay immobilized in the sensing region of an evanescent wave biosensor. Physiological concentrations of D-dimer and high molecular weight XL-FDP could be determined in buffer and plasma samples on calibrated fibers in Il min. Samples from septic patients were assayed using ELISA and the fiber optic method; concentrations determined by fiber optic assay were strongly correlated with those determined by ELISA (r = 0.918); intra-and inter-assay errors were comparable to those from ELISAs. Given its accuracy and rapid response time, this fiber optic biosensor shows great potential for development as a diagnostic tool. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AGEN Biomed Ltd, Acacia Ridge, Qld, Australia. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiovasc, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlock Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN PI STUTTGART PA HOLDERLINSTRASSE 3, D-70174 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1 BP 94 EP 98 PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YR372 UT WOS:000071488800020 PM 9459331 ER PT S AU Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ Erwin, SC Pederson, MR AF Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ Erwin, SC Pederson, MR BE Turchi, PEA Gonis, A Colombo, L TI Tight-binding Hamiltonians for carbon and silicon SO TIGHT-BINDING APPROACH TO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Tight-Binding Approach to Computational Materials Science at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP CNR, Grp Nazl Struttura Mat, Ente Nazl Nuoue Technol Energia Ed Ambiente, Hewlett Packard Lab, Palo Alto, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Stuttgart, Mat Res Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Univ Milan, Dept Mat Sci AB We demonstrate that our tight-binding method - which is based on fitting the energy bands and the total energy of first-principles calculations as a function of volume - can be easily extended to accurately describe carbon and silicon. We present equations of state that give the correct energy ordering between structures. We also show that quantities that were not fitted, such as elastic constants and the band structure of C-60, can be reliably obtained from our scheme. C1 USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papaconstantopoulos, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 0 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-396-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 491 BP 221 EP 230 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mathematics; Physics GA BK86F UT WOS:000073689900021 ER PT B AU Johnson, DE AF Johnson, DE BE Lee, S Speight, A TI The relation of tradition to judgment SO TRADITION AND INNOVATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference of the Association-for-Core-Texts-and-Courses CY APR 10-13, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Assoc Core Texts & Courses C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS AMER PI LANHAM PA 4720 BOSTON WAY, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA BN 0-7618-1308-X PY 1998 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BN21A UT WOS:000081080600012 ER PT J AU Fryauff, DJ Soekartono Tuti, S Leksana, B Suradi Tandayu, S Baird, JK AF Fryauff, DJ Soekartono Tuti, S Leksana, B Suradi Tandayu, S Baird, JK TI Survey of resistance in vivo to chloroquine of Plasmodium falciparum and P-vivax in north Sulawesi, Indonesia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; chloroquine; drug resistance; Indonesia ID MALARIA RESISTANT C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Natl Inst Hlth Res, Jakarta, Indonesia. Prov Hlth Serv, Mando, N Sulawesi, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Fryauff, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, US NAMRU2,BOX 3,APO,AP 965208132, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 92 IS 1 BP 82 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)90966-X PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YY989 UT WOS:000072210400028 PM 9692162 ER PT J AU Wahl, KJ Singer, IL AF Wahl, K. J. Singer, I. L. TI Quantification of a lubricant transfer process that enhances the sliding life of a MoS(2) coating SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE solid lubrication; molybdenum disulfide; material transfer; coatings; transfer film AB A lubricant transfer process that enhanced the wear life of a MoS(2) coating has been identified and quantified. A steel ball sliding against a coated steel fiat in reciprocating motion produced reservoirs at the turnaround part of the track ends, then emptied them, to provide replenishment similar to what is expected of liquid lubricants. The dynamics of the process were inferred from measurements of material loss and/or buildup in the track and on the ball; measurements were performed with Michelson interferometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. C1 [Wahl, K. J.; Singer, I. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wahl, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU National Research Council through NRL/NRC FX The authors thank R.N. Bolster for coating deposition, L. E. Seitzman for valuable comments, and KJW thanks the National Research Council for support through a NRL/NRC post doctoral associateship. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 4 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA V17SI UT WOS:000207956500005 ER PT S AU Dasch, GA Jackson, LM AF Dasch, GA Jackson, LM BE Jongejan, F Goff, W Camus, E TI Genetic analysis of isolates of the spotted fever group of rickettsiae belonging to the R-conorii complex SO TROPICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE: MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEMOPARASITES AND THEIR VECTORS, AND GENERAL TOPICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CARFAX, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agronom Dev, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Commiss European Communities, INCO DC Programme, Integrated Control Ticks & Tickborne Dis Project, Int Fdn Sci, Mairie Montpellier, Minist Cooperat Francaise, USDA, Agr Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Int Serv, Rhone Merieux, SEPPIC HO CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRONOM DEV ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PCR-AMPLIFIED DNA; PROTEIN; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANISMS; ACARI AB The cytoplasmic 120 kDa antigen genes of 9 isolates of Rickettsia conorii (RC), 12 isolates of R. africae (RA), and 3 isolates of Israeli tick typhus rickettsiae (ISTT) were compared for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) present in portions of the open reading frame amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Initially, DNAs from 13 species or serotypes of spotted fever group rickettsiae were used to select restriction enzymes (RE) that detected RFLP in gene fragments amplified with primer pairs 483WF/1514R and 764F/3409R. Among the R. conorii complex isolates, Dpn II gave RFLP differentiating all three serotypes. Unique RE patterns were obtained for RC with Bsr I and HinfI, for RA with Mwo I, Pst I and Ssp I, and for ISTT with Hpa II. While RFLP typing of the 120 kDa gene permitted rapid separation of R. conorii complex isolates into three groups corresponding to the RC, RA, and ISTT rOmp serotypes, additional intragroup genetic variation was also detected in all three serotypes. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Dasch, GA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Program, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-141-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 849 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11028.x PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BL26H UT WOS:000074933400002 PM 9668445 ER PT B AU Burch, D Griggs, J Johnson, M Sims, K AF Burch, D Griggs, J Johnson, M Sims, K GP IIT, RES INST IIT, RES INST TI Recovery/resue of energetics from military munitions SO TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL PYROTECHNICS SEMINAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Pyrotechnics Seminar CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL INT PYROTECHN SOC, MONTEREY, CA HO INT PYROTECHN SOC AB The Department of Defense has a backlog of over 450,000 tons of excess, obsolete and unserviceable munitions for disposal. For many of these munition items, the only method of disposal is open burning/open detonation, which destroys valuable resources. The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane Division (NSWC Crane) has been developing technologies in support of the Joint Demil Technology Program to reclaim the propellants, explosives and pyrotechnic ingredients for reuse in military or commercial applications. The University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) under contract to NSWC Crane has developed disassembly technology (abrasive waterjet) to cut through projectiles and other munition items. Testing has been performed using an abrasive slurry waterjet to cut the tracers and fuzes off of Navy 40mm projectiles in order to reclaim the TNT. UMR has developed high-pressure water technology to remove explosives and high-energy propellants from projectiles, warheads and rocket motors. Currently, under a cooperative agreement with Earth Conservancy, NSWC Crane is providing support to prove-out a unit for washout of projectiles at the Crane Army Ammunition Activity (CAAA). Other removal technologies being explored are microwave meltout and induction heating. Several projects are underway to process the reclaimed explosive from the waterjet washout process and other removal processes. TPL, Inc., Albuquerque, NM has utilized a variety of mechanical processes (e.g. jaw crushers, grinders, guillotines, planetary mixers) to reprocess reclaimed energetics to allow reformulation, ingredient recovery or chemical conversion. This includes the mechanical reprocessing of the PBXN-106 into two separate explosive products, a dimensional stone mining explosive and boosters for insensitive blasting agents. TPL has proven, on a small pilot scale, the ability to recover a high purity HMX from reclaimed LX-14 and Trident I rocket motor formulations, plus RDX from PBXN-106 and Composition A-3. Subsequent phases of the program will demonstrate a 150 lb/day pilot plant at Ft. Wingate, Gallup, NM and a 500 Ib/day prototype plant at CAAA for the processing of the Composition A-3. TPL, Inc. has also explored producing sporting powder, oil-gas well perforation charges and fertilizer from reclaimed nitrocellulose based gun propellants. Other projects currently being explored at the lab/bench scale include catalytic hydrotreating technology to convert Explosive D (ammonium picrate) contained in Navy projectile to higher value products and the recovery of magnesium from illumination and decoy flares for reuse in the military or for commercial applications. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Crane Div Code 4073, Crane, IN USA. RP Burch, D (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Crane Div Code 4073, 300 Highway 361, Crane, IN USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU I I T RESEARCH INST PI CHICAGO PA 10 WEST 35TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA PY 1998 BP 101 EP 112 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP46N UT WOS:000085212600008 ER PT B AU Chin, A Ellison, DS Wilson, JA Broxton, AE AF Chin, A Ellison, DS Wilson, JA Broxton, AE GP IIT, RES INST IIT, RES INST TI Interpretation of chemical oscillation phenomenon in 20 mm gun propellant aging process safety service life study using microcalorimetry SO TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL PYROTECHNICS SEMINAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Pyrotechnics Seminar CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL INT PYROTECHN SOC, MONTEREY, CA HO INT PYROTECHN SOC AB Thermo-kinetic oscillations are among the most fascinating chemical oscillation reactions known in a system where significant temperature/pressure oscillations occur. The transport of heat out of the system is an essential part of the mechanism of the oscillation. The reaction causes the temperature/pressure to rise, and the rising temperature/pressure exerts a feed-back inhibition on the reaction to generate a feed-back loop (oscillation). An oscillation phenomenon was observed during the microcalorimetric evaluation of 20 mm gun propellant. The heat flow began to gradually start a sinusoidal type oscillation after approximately 105 days of aging at 80 degrees C (similar to 70% decomposition). The system resembles the Lotka model from 1910 with the variation that the autocatalytic reaction is substituted by a reaction with thermic acceleration, and the reaction which removes the autocatalytic substance is substituted by the transport of heat out of the system. The pattern of the oscillation is affected by internal gas pressure which is a function of the free head space of the test ampule. A possible similarity of the oscillation is suggested to the time-to-fume as determined by the NATO 65.5 degrees C thermal stability tests used in other 20 mm propellants. The scope of this paper is limited to a discussion of the relationship between the time-to-oscillation and the time-to-fume during the accelerated aging of 20 mm gun propellant. C1 USN, Test & Evaluat Dept, Ordnance Engn Directorate, Crane Div,Surface Warfare Ctr, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Chin, A (reprint author), USN, Test & Evaluat Dept, Ordnance Engn Directorate, Crane Div,Surface Warfare Ctr, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I I T RESEARCH INST PI CHICAGO PA 10 WEST 35TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA PY 1998 BP 179 EP 187 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP46N UT WOS:000085212600014 ER PT B AU Montgomery, F Broxton, G AF Montgomery, F Broxton, G GP IIT, RES INST IIT, RES INST TI Smoke on the horizon SO TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL PYROTECHNICS SEMINAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Pyrotechnics Seminar CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL INT PYROTECHN SOC, MONTEREY, CA HO INT PYROTECHN SOC AB The U.S. Navy has not operationally deployed obscurant smoke to hide capital ships from being targeted by enemy gunners for many years. One serious drawback to the use of a smoke cloud to cover a ship is that the obscured ship also cannot accurately target the enemy. However with the sensors and guidance systems of today's anti-ship missiles, the older obscurant clouds represented by fog oil type smoke pots will not be effective to mask a ship from many advanced sensors. With the use of new additives and/or new compositions, missiles' sensors can be blocked from achieving lock onto targets. Smoke deployment of the obscurant where the cloud passes over the ship is not advisable due to the effects on ship sensors, gun/missile defensive systems as well as toxic effects of the smoke cloud on ship's personnel. Smoke on the horizon will place the obscurant cloud at a distance between the ship and the threatening missile. With the advent of the Navy's cooperative engagement capability (CEC), multiple ship and air sensors' data are distributed throughout a battle fleet by a discrete data link, Engagements are moving from a platform centered logic to a network centered logic. A single ship now has sensor eyes both from its own onboard systems in addition to other sensors from other units of the battle group both in the air and on the surface. Threat data can be automatically integrated and implemented to either spoof the threat or destroy it based on a preset computational decision process. Threat speed, angle of arrival (AOA), time of arrival (TOA), and the situational awareness (SA) of the fleet units positions, speed and direction will be known as the threat data from multiple sensors are integrated. Decision processes will automatically take the most appropriate defensive actions based on continuous updates of the theat's position & heading direction. Smoke will be one component of a two component countermeasure system. The second component would be the decoy, either infrared (IR) or radio frequency (RF). The decoy would be launched to the periphery of the smoke cloud, within the field of view of the missile. With the presence of the ship obscured from the threat missile, only the decoy would be viewed. Even missile seekers with decoy discrimination capability would find it impossible to discriminate the decoy from a ship it could not sense. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Montgomery, F (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU I I T RESEARCH INST PI CHICAGO PA 10 WEST 35TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA PY 1998 BP 391 EP 398 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP46N UT WOS:000085212600031 ER PT B AU Reed, R Ciaramitaro, DA Brady, VL AF Reed, R Ciaramitaro, DA Brady, VL GP IIT, RES INST IIT, RES INST TI Binders facilitating ordnance demilitarization SO TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL PYROTECHNICS SEMINAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Pyrotechnics Seminar CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL INT PYROTECHN SOC, MONTEREY, CA HO INT PYROTECHN SOC AB Conventional propellants and plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) contain binders which are unlikely to be degraded by exposure to solvents or dilute acids and bases under practical demilling conditions. Polymer backbones are robust and the curing linkages are not sufficiently labile to hydrolyze under the relatively mild conditions of demilling. Polysulfides have a polyether chain while polybutadienes have stable carbon-carbon bonds. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers as well as polyalkylene oxides (PAO) and polyoxetanes are unreactive under demilling conditions. Typical curing linkages such as hydroxy esters, hydroxy amides, and methanes are also unreactive. However, polyesters containing electron-withdrawing substituents on the dicarboxylic acids can be hydrolyzed under mild conditions, especially those containing di-, tri-, or polyethylene glycols. Urethane linkages in cured elastomers formed from isocyanates bearing an adjacent carbomethoxy moiety, such as lysine methyl ester diisocyanate (LDIM), also enhance hydrolysis. LDIM is an advantageous curative since it hydrolyzes to the nontoxic essential amino acid, lysine. Propellants and PBXs containing hydroxyl terminated polyethylene glycol adipate cured with LDIM can be demilled by immersion in aqueous ammonia. Dissolution of the binder allows facile and quantitative recovery of energetic ingredients. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Reed, R (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I I T RESEARCH INST PI CHICAGO PA 10 WEST 35TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA PY 1998 BP 457 EP 467 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP46N UT WOS:000085212600038 ER PT S AU Ceruti, MG AF Ceruti, MG GP IEEE IEEE TI Challenges in data management for the United States Department of Defense (DoD) command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence ((CI)-I-4) systems SO TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE & APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE & APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference CY AUG 19-21, 1998 CL TECH UNIV VIENNA, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, Comp Soc HO TECH UNIV VIENNA AB This paper explores challenges facing data administrators, database engineers, and knowledge-base developers in the management of information in the United States (U. S.) Department of Defense (DoD), particularly in the information systems utilized to support Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence ((CI)-I-4). These information systems include operational tactical systems, decision-support systems, modeling and simulation systems, and non-tactical business systems, all of which can affect the design, operation, interoperation, and application of (CI)-I-4 systems. Specific topics include issues in integration and interoperability, joint standards, data access, data aggregation, information-system component reuse and legacy systems. Broad technological trends, as well as the use of specific developing technologies will be discussed in light of how they may enable the U. S. DoD to meet the present and future data-management challenges. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ceruti, MG (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0730-3157 BN 0-8186-8585-9 J9 P INT COMP SOFTW APP PY 1998 BP 622 EP 629 DI 10.1109/CMPSAC.1998.716737 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BL72B UT WOS:000076439500095 ER PT B AU Patnaik, G Kailasanath, K AF Patnaik, G Kailasanath, K BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI A computational study of local quenching in flame-vortex interactions with radiative losses SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID PREMIXED LAMINAR FLAMES AB A computational study of local quenching in flame-vortex interactions in lean methane-air mixtures is reported in this paper. The flame-vortex interaction provides a means to isolate a key feature of turbulent flames and can be used to develop models for turbulent combustion. Our study examines the importance of both vortex strength and heat losses in local quenching of flames interacting with a vortex ring. The detailed, time-dependent, two-dimensional numerical model of methane-air combustion used in our study includes a detailed chemical reaction set as well as a realistic model for radiative heat losses from the burnt gases. We find that both a sufficiently high strain rate and heat losses are simultaneously required for local quenching. Increasing strain rate and/or heat losses promote quenching. However, quenching does not occur instantaneously, and for even the strongest vortices, there is a minimum time required for quenching. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Patnaik, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 711 EP 717 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600078 ER PT B AU Yu, KH Wilson, KJ Schadow, KC AF Yu, KH Wilson, KJ Schadow, KC BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Liquid-fueled active instability suppression SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID COMBUSTION INSTABILITIES; PARTICLE DISPERSION; SHEAR-LAYER; OSCILLATIONS; JET AB Active instability suppression using periodic liquid-fuel injection was demonstrated in a dump combustor. The controller fuel, which made up 12%-30% of the total heat release, was pulsed directly into the combustion chamber, and the injection timing was adjusted with respect to the combustor pressure signal. Because the injection timing determined the degree of interaction between pulsed fuel sprays and periodic large-scale flow features, it significantly affected the spatial distribution of fuel droplets inside the combustion chamber. Simple closed-loop control of the pulsed injection timing was applied to two different cases that developed natural instabilities. In the first case, the instability frequency was unchanged at the onset of the closed-loop control, and this fact allowed up to 15 dB reduction in the sound pressure level. A detailed investigation showed that the pressure oscillation amplitude reached the minimum value when the start of the pulsed fuel injection was synchronized with the inlet vortex shedding process. In the second case, the same controller was applied to a higher output combustor, where the injection timing affected not only the oscillation amplitude but also the instability frequency. For the high output case, the controller was able to suppress tile oscillations initially, but it could not maintain the suppressed amplitude, resulting in unsteady modulation of the oscillation amplitude and frequency. The intermittent loss of control was linked to the frequency-dependent phase shift, associated with an electronic band-pass filter. The present results open up the possibility of utilizing direct pulsed liquid-fuel injection for active combustion control in propulsion devices, but they also show the limitation of a simple phase-delay approach in completely suppressing the natural oscillations under certain conditions. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 92555 USA. RP Yu, KH (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Grp, Code 4832000, China Lake, CA 92555 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 2039 EP 2046 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600236 ER PT B AU Parr, T Hanson-Parr, D AF Parr, T Hanson-Parr, D BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI RDX ignition flame structure SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO AB Quantitative CN, OH, and OH rotational temperature, and velocity two-dimensional profiles have been imaged using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging or particle-imaging velocimetry (PIV) during ignition and deradiative extinguishment of cyclotrilmethylene-trimitramine, (RDX) at three different heat flux: levels. Relative NO2 and NO profiles were also imaged with PLIF. Decomposition products, such as NO and NO2, were formed early in the laser heating process and the gas plume moved away from the surface. At a later time, ignition occurred in the gas phase, as evidenced by radical buildup such as CN and OH. This often showed as a spherical ignition kernel away from the surface. The flame then transitioned rapidly to a thin flame sheet that moved toward the surface. With longer heating times, laser-supported quasi-steady-state deflagration develops as the flame sheet again moves somewhat further from the surface. This data can be used as an aide in the development of fully time-dependent RDX combustion models. The ignition and deradiative extinguishment data will help validate these time-accurate models, which can then be used to study combustion instability. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Res, Combust Diagnost Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Parr, T (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Res, Combust Diagnost Lab, Code 4B3200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 2301 EP 2308 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600266 ER PT B AU Prasad, K Li, CP Kailasanath, K AF Prasad, K Li, CP Kailasanath, K BE Burgess, AR Dryer, FL TI Optimizing water-mist injection characteristics for suppression of coflow diffusion flames SO TWENTY-SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Combustion CY AUG 02-07, 1998 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO SP Combust Inst, Aerometr Inc, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Arthur D Little, Chevron Res & Technol Co, CONSOL Inc, Elsevier Sci Inc, ENERGIA Inc, Engn Management Consultants, EXXON Res & Engn Co, Ford Motor Co, Gas Res Inst, Gen Elect R & D Ctr, Gordon & Breach Publishers Inc, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Owens Brockway Glass Containers, Phillip Morris Corp, PPG Industries Inc, React Engn Int, Res Ind Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Sawyer Associates, United Technol Res Ctr HO UNIV COLORADO ID FUELS AB Numerical simulations have been pel formed to optimize various water-mist injection characteristics for flame suppression. A two-continuum formulation is used in which the gas phase and the water mist are both described by equations of the eulerian form. The effects of droplet diameter, mist injection angle (throw angle), mist density, and velocity on water-mist entrainment into the flame and flame suppression are quantified. Droplet sectional trajectories and density contours are used to identify the regions of the flame where the droplets evaporate and absorb energy. Numerical results are presented for symmetric and asymmetric splay pattern geometries resulting from base injection and side injection nozzle orientation. Results indicate that smaller droplet diameters produce optimum suppression under base injection configuration, while larger droplet diameters are needed for optimum suppression for the side injection configuration. For all cases, the model is used to determine the water mist required for different levels of suppression, and this is reported in terms of the ratio of the water-mist supply rate to the fuel flow rate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prasad, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6410, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BLVD, SUITE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA PY 1998 BP 2847 EP 2855 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BN87V UT WOS:000083308600329 ER PT B AU Jones, KD Platzer, MF AF Jones, KD Platzer, MF BE Fransson, TH TI On the prediction of dynamic stall onset on airfoils in low speed flow SO UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS AND AEROELASTICITY OF TURBOMACHINES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines (8th ISUAAT) CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP ABB STAL AB, Elforsk AB, European Commiss, Forsmarks Kraftgurpp AB, Martinsson Elektronik, Matforum AB, Swedish Natl Boark Ind & Tech Dev, Polytec GmbH, Scandinavia Airline Syst, Volvo Aero Corp, Wenner-Grens Ctr AB A computational approach is described for the rapid and systematic prediction and evaluation of the onset of dynamic stall due to rapid incidence changes or unsteady pitch or plunge motions. The method combines an unsteady, two-dimensional panel code with a two-dimensional boundary-layer code. The panel code provides incompressible, inviscid flowfields about arbitrary airfoils undergoing prescribed motions. The boundary-layer code computes laminar, transitional and turbulent regimes. Presented results demonstrate that the delay in dynamic stall onset is directly related to the dynamic pressure lag, in agreement with previous Navier-Stokes simulations. Also, results are presented showing the effect of airfoil shape and Reynolds number on the onset of dynamic stall. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jones, KD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code AA Jo,699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5040-5 PY 1998 BP 797 EP 812 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BM90C UT WOS:000080066600052 ER PT J AU Le, TP Church, LWP Corradin, G Hunter, RL Charoenvit, Y Wang, RB de la Vega, P Sacci, J Ballou, WR Kolodny, N Kitov, S Glenn, GM Richards, RL Alving, CR Hoffman, SL AF Le, TP Church, LWP Corradin, G Hunter, RL Charoenvit, Y Wang, RB de la Vega, P Sacci, J Ballou, WR Kolodny, N Kitov, S Glenn, GM Richards, RL Alving, CR Hoffman, SL TI Immunogenicity of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein multiple antigen peptide vaccine formulated with different adjuvants SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum vaccine; circumsporozoite protein; multiple antigen peptide ID T-CELL EPITOPES; MALARIA VACCINE; MURINE MALARIA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES; COPOLYMER ADJUVANTS; SPOROZOITE VACCINE; REPEAT REGION; WALL SKELETON; INVITRO ASSAY AB Only low antibody levels were obtained from vaccinating human volunteers with single-chain peptide from the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). This resulted in modest protection against sporozoite challenge. In addition, HLA restriction limits the probability of synthesis of a vaccine effective for a diverse population, We report immunization studies with a multiple antigen peptide (MAP) system consisting of multiple copies of a B-cell epitope from the central repeat region of the PfCSP in combination with a universal T-cell epitope, the P2P30 portion of tetanus toxin, This MAP4(NANP)(6)P2P30 vaccine was highly immunogenic in four different strains of mice when used with various safe and nontoxic adjuvants, When this MAP vaccine was encapsulated in liposomes with lipid A and adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide and given three times at 4-week intervals, the resultant antibody prevented 100% of sporozoites from invading and developing into liver stage infection. This high degree of immunogenicity of MAP4(NANP)(6)P2P30 vaccine formulated in liposomes, lipid A and aluminum hydroxide provides the foundation for consideration of human trials with this formulation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Malaria Program, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Lausanne, Inst Biochem, Lausanne, Switzerland. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 16 IS 2-3 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00165-5 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YL616 UT WOS:000070974200030 PM 9607047 ER PT B AU Durbin, J Swan, JE Colbert, B Crowe, J King, R King, T Scannell, C Wartell, Z Welsh, T AF Durbin, J Swan, JE Colbert, B Crowe, J King, R King, T Scannell, C Wartell, Z Welsh, T BE Ebert, D Rushmeier, H Hagen, H TI Battlefield visualization on the responsive workbench SO VISUALIZATION '98, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual IEEE Conference on Visualization (VIS 98) CY OCT 18-23, 1998 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH DE battlefield visualization; responsive workbench; virtual reality; virtual environments AB In this paper we describe a battlefield visualization system, called Dragon, which we have implemented on a virtual reality responsive workbench. The Dragon system has been successfully deployed as part of two large military exercises: the Hunter Warrior advanced warfighting experiment, in March 1997, and the Joint Counter Mine advanced concept tactical demonstration, in August and September 1997. We describe battlefield visualization, the Dragon system, and the workbench, and we describe our experiences as part of these two real-world deployments, with an emphasis on lessons learned and needed future work. C1 USN, Res Lab, Effectiveness Navy Elect Warfare Syst Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Durbin, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Effectiveness Navy Elect Warfare Syst Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-106-2 PY 1998 BP 463 EP + DI 10.1109/VISUAL.1998.745344 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM36W UT WOS:000078506400065 ER PT B AU Lanzagorta, M Kral, MV Swan, JE Spanos, G Rosenberg, R Kuo, E AF Lanzagorta, M Kral, MV Swan, JE Spanos, G Rosenberg, R Kuo, E BE Ebert, D Rushmeier, H Hagen, H TI Three-dimensional visualization of microstructures SO VISUALIZATION '98, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual IEEE Conference on Visualization (VIS 98) CY OCT 18-23, 1998 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH ID MORPHOLOGY AB This case study describes a technique for the three-dimensional analysis of the internal microscopic structure ("microstructure") of materials. This technique consists of incrementally polishing through a thin layer (approximately 0.2 mu m) of material, chemically etching the polished surface, applying reference marks, and performing optical or scanning electron microscopy on selected areas. The series of images are then processed employing AVS and other visualization software to obtain a 3D reconstruction of the material. We describe how we applied this technique to an alloy steel to study the morphology, connectivity, and distribution of cementite precipitates formed during thermal processing. The results showed microstructural features not previously identified with traditional 2D techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, Sci Visualizat Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lanzagorta, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Sci Visualizat Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kral, Milo/C-2904-2009 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-106-2 PY 1998 BP 487 EP + DI 10.1109/VISUAL.1998.745350 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM36W UT WOS:000078506400071 ER PT J AU Mincheff, M Loukinov, D Zoubak, S Hammett, M Meryman, H AF Mincheff, M Loukinov, D Zoubak, S Hammett, M Meryman, H TI Fas and Fas ligand expression on human peripheral blood leukocytes SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article ID CELL-DEATH; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; B-CELLS; T-CELLS; CD95; NEUTROPHILS; ACTIVATION; SUICIDE; MEMBER; FAMILY AB Objectives: Study of Fas and Fas ligand (Fas-L) expression, as well as sFas-L release, by fresh human peripheral blood leukocytes. Methods: Flow cytometry, cytotoxicity, immunofluorescence staining of fresh smears, Western blotting. Results: Granulocytes and monocytes express a low level of Fas receptor, but no Fas-L. These cells, as well as NK cells, contain presynthesized depots of Fas-L which they express following activation by brief storage (60 min) at room temperature or during separation from whole blood. Such activation also leads to Fas receptor upregulation. NK cells do not express Fas receptor. Once expressed on blood leukocytes, fully functional Fas-L can be released from the membrane and can be detected in plasma-free cell supernatants. Conclusion: Human peripheral blood granulocytes, monocytes and NK cells contain intracellular presynthesized Fas-L which they readily express following blood anticoagulation, blood storage or cell separation. Soluble Fas-L is released from those cells and can be detected in protein-free supernatants by immunoblotting. C1 USN, Transfus & Cryopreservat Res Program, Med Res Inst, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Mincheff, M (reprint author), USN, Transfus & Cryopreservat Res Program, Med Res Inst, Med Ctr, Code 64,Bldg 29, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 1998 VL 74 IS 2 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1046/j.1423-0410.1998.7420113.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YW663 UT WOS:000071960100009 PM 9501411 ER PT J AU Mincheff, M AF Mincheff, M TI Changes in donor leukocytes during blood storage, implications on post-transfusion immunomodulation and transfusion-associated GVHD SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Congress of the International-Society-of-Blood-Transfusion CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1998 CL OSLO, NORWAY SP Int Soc Blood Transfus ID FAS-LIGAND; COLORECTAL-CANCER; SURVIVAL; APOPTOSIS; NECROSIS; PLASMA; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; RECURRENCE; MECHANISMS; CELLS AB Freshly drawn peripheral blood granulocytes, monocytes and NK cells express Fas-L following activation. Fully functional soluble Fas-L (sFas-L) is released and found in fresh plasma samples from healthy volunteers coupled to a Fas-L binding factor (PFBF). In the absence of plasma leukocytes undergo rapid apoptosis with 15% of the granulocytes and 25% of the monocytes showing signs of apoptosis immediately following separation. Apoptosis progresses during refrigerated storage even in the presence of plasma and all granulocytes disintegrate by day 15 of storage. The absence of plasma increases the rate of apoptosis. The resulting increased expression of PS on apoptosing leukocytes enhances blood procoagulant activity. Whereas transfusions of fresh blood lead to alloimmunization, the functional impairment and death of antigen-presenting cells during storage eliminates their ability to stimulate cytotoxic immune responses. Additionally; loss of function and death of donor T cells during storage preclude the possibility for development of post-transfusion GVHD, Continued storage leads to the secondary necrosis of apoptosed leukocytes and the release of soluble antigens. Depending on dose, transfusions of such products may lead to immunosuppression due to a T2 bias of the immune response. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Naval Med Ctr, Transfus & Cryopreservat Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Mincheff, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Naval Med Ctr, Transfus & Cryopreservat Res Program, Code 64,Bldg 29, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 51 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 1998 VL 74 SU 2 BP 189 EP 200 PG 12 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 106CZ UT WOS:000075113300029 PM 9704445 ER PT J AU Hoffman, R Rozler, E Chute, J Nelson, M Chen, L Turian, J Bartholomew, A Brandt, JE AF Hoffman, R Rozler, E Chute, J Nelson, M Chen, L Turian, J Bartholomew, A Brandt, JE TI Ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells: Implications for the modern blood bank SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Congress of the International-Society-of-Blood-Transfusion CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1998 CL OSLO, NORWAY SP Int Soc Blood Transfus ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; COLONY-FORMING CELLS; PROGENITOR CELLS; LIMITING-DILUTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; IN-VITRO; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; IRRADIATED MICE; GROWTH-FACTORS; FLT3 LIGAND AB Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (PHSC) are rare cells within the marrow that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple hematopoietic lineages. Following myeloablative chemotherapy and radiation therapy and marrow transplantation, hematological reconstitution occurs after a period of 2-3 weeks. Recently, a number of laboratories have shown that both early and delayed phases of engraftment are mediated by PHSC within a graft and that engraftment can be accelerated by transplanting greater numbers of PHSC. Increasing efforts have been directed, therefore, towards developing methods to expand PHSC ex vivo. In this report, we describe an endothelial cell-based culture system to which exogenous cytokines are added which appears to permit the ex vivo expansion of PHSC. Refinement of these technologies will potentially have a major impact on the ability of blood banks to improve the quality of hematopoietic stem cell grafts. C1 Univ Illinois, Hematol Oncol Sect, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Immune Cell Biol Program, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Surg, Div Transplantat Surg, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Hoffman, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Hematol Oncol Sect, MBRB M-C 734,Room 3150, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM ronhoff@uic.edu NR 48 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 1998 VL 74 SU 2 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 106CZ UT WOS:000075113300038 PM 9704454 ER PT B AU Everett, SS Wauchope, K Perez-Quinones, MA AF Everett, SS Wauchope, K Perez-Quinones, MA BE Thwaites, H TI Creating natural language interfaces to VR systems: Experiences, observations and lessons learned SO VSMM98: FUTUREFUSION - APPLICATION REALITIES FOR THE VIRTUAL AGE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Virtual Systems and MultiMedia (VSMM 98)_- FutureFusion, Real Applications for the Virtual Age CY NOV 18-20, 1998 CL GIFU, JAPAN SP Int Soc Virtual Syst & MultiMedia, Gifu Res & Dev Fdn, Virtual Real Soc Japan, Japan Soc Precis Engn, Japanese Soc Artificial Intelligence, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Informat Proc Soc Japan, Japanese Soc High Technol Agr, Robots Soc Japan, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, Inst Electr Informat & Commun Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Japan Soc Civil Engineers, Soc Inst Instrument & Control Engineers, Japanese Psychol Assoc, Japan Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Gifu Univ, Int Federat Informat Proc AB This paper discusses two research projects that explore some of the capabilities of spoken natural language interfaces to virtual reality (VR) systems. Both projects use commercial speech recognition and synthesis technology combined with in-house command interpreters that interface to the YR applications. Details about the interpreters and the technical approaches are provided, along with a discussion of some of the questions and issues raised by the projects, including information representation in VR models, use of the visual context to establish the interaction context, and difficulties in referencing events in the VR world. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res A1, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Everett, SS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res A1, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5199-470-2 PY 1998 BP 469 EP 474 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BM73D UT WOS:000079622000075 ER PT B AU Szu, H Hsu, C AF Szu, H Hsu, C BE Braga, ADP Ludermir, TB TI Unsupervised neural network learning for Blind Sources Separation SO VTH BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON NEURAL NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Brazilian Symposium on Neural Networks CY DEC 09-11, 1998 CL BELO HORIZONT, BRAZIL SP Brazilian Comp Soc, Int Neural Network Soc, Fed Univ Minas Gerais AB Review of Independent Component Analyses (ICA) and Blind Sources Separation (BSS) employing in terms of unsupervised neural networks technology are given. For example, imagery features occurring in human visual systems are the continuing reduction of redundancy towards the "sparse edge maps". Different edge features are mathematically equivalent to be "ones among zeros". When edges are multiplying together as the vector inner product resulted in almost zero, namely pseudo-orthogonal ICA. This fact has been derived from the first principle of artificial neural networks using the maximum entropy information-theoretical formalism by Bell & Sejnowski in 1996. We explore the blind de-mixing condition for more than two objects using two sensor measurement. We design two smart cameras with short term working memory to do better image de-mixing of more than two objects. We consider channel communication application that we can efficiently mix four images using matrices [A(0)] and [A(1)] to send through two channels. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, B Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Szu, H (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, B Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8630-8 PY 1998 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1109/SBRN.1998.730990 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BM17F UT WOS:000077901600006 ER PT J AU Apitz, SE AF Apitz, SE TI Streamlining contaminated sediment management: The use of advanced sediment characterization - Preliminary results SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IAWQ Specialist Group Conference on Contaminated Sediments CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Int Assoc Water Quality, POSW, Directorate Gen Public Works & Water Man, Netherlands, Municipal Port Management, Port Rotterdam, Netherlands DE assessment; bioavailability; biogeochemistry; management; marine sediments; treatability ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS AB Simply knowing the geographic extent of sediment contamination within a bay or estuary does not provide sufficient insight to help a site manager or stakeholder begin to assess how to manage sediments deemed either an ecological risk or regulatory violation. A better approach is to assess contaminant distribution and behavior at a micro-scale in parallel with macro-scale site assessments. In such an approach, a site investigation includes an assessment of contaminant/sediment biogeochemistry, as it will impact bioavailability, risk, and potential management options. This paper reviews some approaches for assessing contaminant bioavailability, distribution and degradability, and presents preliminary results from some biogeochemical sediment assays. Some of the potential uses and limitations of such assays are discussed. Selective leaches, using alcohol or digestive juices to determine bioavailable contaminant fractions still require some validation. Assessments of contaminant distribution as a function of grain size can lend insight into both contaminant mobility and management strategies. Biodegradation studies in real sediments are complicated by analytical and heterogeneity difficulties, but can, if carried out carefully, provide useful information. (C) 1998 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Remediat Res Lab, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Apitz, SE (reprint author), USN, Remediat Res Lab, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, D361,53475 Strothe Rd Room 267D, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 6-7 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00228-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA ZT591 UT WOS:000074103200056 ER PT S AU Jump, A Szu, H Noel, S AF Jump, A Szu, H Noel, S BE Szu, HH TI Characterization of polynomials satisfying the Super Haar Condition SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE Ham wavelet; Super Haar wavelet; scaling function; dilation equation; cyclotomic polynomials; denoising AB The scaling function for the Super Haar wavelet is a linear combination of shifts in the Haar scaling function; the coefficients of this linear combination are assumed to be integers. If the scaling function satisfies the dilation equation the coefficients are said to be Super Ham Admissible. It has been shown that the z transform of Super Ham Admissible coefficients results in a polynomial that satisfies certain conditions. We define a related condition, which we call the Super Ham Condition and show that cyclotomic polynomials of odd order satisfy it. Further, dilation coefficients associated with such polynomials can immediately be found from relations among the cyclotomic polynomials. Using these results, a large class of Super Ham Admissible coefficients is identified and we conjecture that this class includes all admissible coefficients. We discuss applications to denoising and present an example. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Jump, A (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.1117/12.304861 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200011 ER PT S AU Carter, PH AF Carter, PH BE Szu, HH TI Extracting multispecular components using matching pursuit SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE target description; matching pursuit; annealing; system identification AB In active sonar the acoustic backscatter may contain multiple specular components, resonant components, Gaussian, reverberation and other noises as well as multipath effects. One purpose of sonar signal processing is to extract information from the backscatter for underwater target classification. Matching pursuit together with a variation of annealing can be used to separate the specular components and to estimate the corresponding delays and intensities. The effectiveness of this algorithm for linear frequency modulated transmit signals is demonstrated by numerical simulation. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Carter, PH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 138 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.304864 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200014 ER PT S AU Noel, SE Szu, HH Gohel, YJ AF Noel, SE Szu, HH Gohel, YJ BE Szu, HH TI Doppler frequency estimation with wavelets and neural networks SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE continuous wavelet transform; radar signal processing; feedforward neural networks; wavelet denoising; Morlet wavelet; super-Haar wavelet AB In this paper we apply the continuous wavelet transform, along with multilayer feedforward neural networks, to the estimation of time-dependent radar doppler frequency. The wavelet transform employs the real-valued Morlet wavelet, which is well matched to the doppler signals of interest. The neural networks are trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt rule, which is much faster than purely gradient-descent learning algorithms such as backpropagation. We also apply Donoho's wavelet denoising with the novel super-Haar wavelet to improve performance for noisy signals. The techniques are applied to the problem of radar proximity fuzing. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Noel, SE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.1117/12.304865 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200015 ER PT S AU Grim, M Royce, G Szu, H Hsu, C AF Grim, M Royce, G Szu, H Hsu, C BE Szu, HH TI Video compression quality metric for moving scenes SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE video quality metrics; infrared video imagery; local peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR); local feature persistence measure (FPM); video compression and reconstruction, visualization AB Tactical battlefield surveillance systems will require the transmission of compressed video images to utilize these systems limited communication bandwidth and data capacity. The compression techniques used will results in some loss of information. It is important to assess the quality of the video output to determine its performance in Aided Target Recognition (ATR) applications. The traditional rate of distortion formula is shown by Mallet to be inappropriate for wavelet compression in high compression ratios. The reason is that the histogram change from all gray scale to a concentration singularity near the origin of very low bit rate such that the discrete approximation of the density function of the histogram is no longer valid. Thus we can not theoretically predict the distortion due to wavelet compression. Therefore we conduct an empirical investigation to evaluate the spatial and temporal effects of lossy wavelet compression and reconstruction on tactical infrared video. We quantify a resultant temporal ensemble of all local variation curves within a transmitted video frame when compared to the original video frame, using local Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Feature Persistence Measure (FPM) developed by Snr ct al. [SPIE 3078, pp. 42-55, 1997] and objective assessment techniques developed by the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences, U.S. Department of Commerce to assess video impairment. We therefore measure video degradation rather than absolute video quality which is difficult to quantify. We also evaluate the comparison results in a movie using split screen presentation of the original and reconstructed video frames and their corresponding metric performance to enhance visual inspection of motion cues enhancement of edge texture maps. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Lab, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Grim, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Lab, Code K62, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1117/12.304873 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200023 ER PT S AU Chen, VC AF Chen, VC BE Szu, HH TI Time-frequency analysis of SAR image with ground moving targets SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE SAR imaging; moving targets; time-frequency processing AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is used for imaging of terrain and stationary objects. For stationary targets, Doppler drifts are determined only by their geometric locations. However, for moving targets, the Doppler drifts are determined not only by their locations but also by their velocities. Therefore, the SAR images of moving targets become smeared due to interactions between their geometric locations and velocities; the cross-range of moving targets does not reflect their true geometric locations. In this paper, we analyze the effects of target motion on SAR images, review methods for SAR imaging of moving targets, and apply time-frequency analysis to SAR imaging of moving targets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1117/12.304879 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200029 ER PT S AU Chu, TC Szu, H AF Chu, TC Szu, H BE Szu, HH TI Adding wavelet image technology and Adaptive Resonance Theory to a common control system for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE UAV; ART AB This paper discusses a possible improvement for a common control system for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The common control system will provide command, control and data dissemination for tactical UAVs. Adding wavelet image technology and Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) to the common control system will provide an advanced foundation for interoperability and commonality to the tactical UAV family and the common core software elements. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Chu, TC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code K63,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 612 EP 615 DI 10.1117/12.304911 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200059 ER PT S AU Milazzo, AC Thonnard, S Lam, C AF Milazzo, AC Thonnard, S Lam, C BE Fineschi, S TI Performance measurements and results of the SSULI (Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager) stacked-grid collimator SO X-RAY AND ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY AND POLARIMETRY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Polarimetry II CY JUL 23-24, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE UV; SSULI; collimators; diffraction AB The Naval Research Laboratory has built five ultraviolet spectrographs (SSULI) for the Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). These sensors provide vertical intensity profiles of airglow emissions in the extreme and far ultraviolet spectral range of 800 to 1700 Angstrom and scan from 75 km to 750 km tangent altitude. A stacked grid collimator defines the 0.1 degrees x 2.4 degrees field-of-view of the sensor. The collimator is designed to cover the spectral range of the instrument and is optimized at 1000 Angstrom. However, above 2000 Angstrom, diffraction significantly reduces the collimator performance. Therefore, most characteristics of the collimator were previously measured in the UV. Recent theoretical work using Fourier optics to treat diffraction effects was used in the analysis of the performance of the collimators. Since transmission measurements are substantially easier and less expensive at visible wavelengths than in the vacuum ultraviolet, a technique was developed to adequately determine collimator performance in the UV from measurements in the visible. The performance of 3 SSULI collimators was evaluated at 2537 and 6328 Angstrom. This paper presents a discussion of the results of the measured transmission and diffraction intensity patterns and their relationship to the theoretical predictions. Also presented is a description of techniques used to perform these measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Milazzo, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2898-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3443 BP 7 EP 18 DI 10.1117/12.333615 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM32Q UT WOS:000078392000002 ER PT S AU Smith, IA Hurley, K van Paradijs, J Waters, LBFM Schultz, ASB Durouchoux, P Joyce, R Vrba, FJ Hartmann, D Kouveliotou, C Wallyn, P Corbel, S AF Smith, IA Hurley, K van Paradijs, J Waters, LBFM Schultz, ASB Durouchoux, P Joyce, R Vrba, FJ Hartmann, D Kouveliotou, C Wallyn, P Corbel, S BE Swank, JH Kouvelitou, C Hurley, K TI Infrared, submillimeter, and millimeter observations of the Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters SO X-RAY TIMING AND COSMIC GAMMA RAY BURSTS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the COSPAR Scientific-Commission-E on X-Ray Timing and Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts at the 31st COSPAR Assembly CY JUL 14-21, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Comm Space Res, Sci Commiss E, European Space Agcy, Intl Astron Union ID CRAB-NEBULA; SGR-1806-20; COUNTERPART; SGR-1900+14 AB The Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters appear to be a completely new manifestation of neutron stars. SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14 may have highly unusual stellar counterparts, whose spectra peak in the far infrared. They have not been detected at submillimeter or millimeter wavelengths. Their infrared spectra appear to contain several components: the photospheric emission from star(s) dominates at shorter wavelengths, a bright point source dominates at 25 mu m, while an extended source dominates at 60 mu m. Their spectra are inconsistent with monoenergetic synchrotron and black body radiation models, but are consistent with simple dust models. We briefly review here our latest millimeter, submillimeter, and infrared observations. We include new upper limits at 235 GHz (1.3 mm) for SGR 1806-20 and SGR 0525-66. The extended IRAS emission detected for SGR 0525-66 is consistent with that expected from heated dust in the supernova remnant N49. Here we show a preliminary analysis of our recent 9.862 mu m imaging of the region around SGR 0525-66. We do not detect any point sources, at flux limits lower than would be expected if the other two SGR were placed at the distance of the LMC. (C) 1998 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr High Energy Astrophys, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Smith, IA (reprint author), Rice Univ, 6100 South Main, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043471-1 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1998 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1133 EP 1138 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(98)00209-9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL94S UT WOS:000077255700035 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, DR TI What's not to love about a derivative? SO FORTUNE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20350. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIME INC PI NEW YORK PA TIME & LIFE BUILDING ROCKEFELLER CENTER, NEW YORK, NY 10020-1393 SN 0015-8259 J9 FORTUNE JI Fortune PD DEC 29 PY 1997 VL 136 IS 12 BP 52 EP 52 PG 1 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA YK947 UT WOS:A1997YK94700017 ER PT J AU Lean, JL Rottman, GJ Kyle, HL Woods, TN Hickey, JR Puga, LC AF Lean, JL Rottman, GJ Kyle, HL Woods, TN Hickey, JR Puga, LC TI Detection and parameterization of variations in solar mid- and near-ultraviolet radiation (200-400 nm) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IRRADIANCE COMPARISON EXPERIMENT-1; TROPOSPHERE-STRATOSPHERE SYSTEM; PHOTOMETRIC SUNSPOT INDEX; LONG-TERM; FLUX VARIATIONS; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; UV VARIABILITY; CYCLE; OZONE AB Nimbus 7 and Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) spacecraft measurements of solar irradiance both exhibit variability at mid (200-300 nm) and near (309-400 nm) ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths that are attributable to the Sun's 27-day solar rotation, even though instrument sensitivity drifts obscure longer-term, 11-year cycle variations, Competing influences of dark sunspots and bright faculae are the dominant causes of this rotational modulation, Parameterizations of these influences using a newly developed UV sunspot darkening index and the Mg index facular proxy replicate the rotational modulation detected in both the broadband Nimbus 7 filter data (275-360 nm and 300-410 nm) and in SOLSTICE l-nm spectra from 200 to 400 nm. Assuming that these rotational modulation influences scale linearly over the solar cycle, long-term databases of sunspot and global facular proxies permit estimation of Ii-year cycle amplitudes of the mid-and near-UV solar spectrum, unmeasured at wavelengths longward of 300 nm because of insufficient long-term repeatability (relative accuracy) of state-of-the-art solar radiometers at these wavelengths. Reconstructions of UV irradiances throughout the Ii-year solar cycle indicate variabilities of 0.173 W/m(2) (1.1%) in the integrated radiation from 200 to 300 nm and 0.24 W/m(2) (0.25%) in radiation from 300 to 400 nm, These two UV bands thus contribute about 13% and 18%, respectively, to the 1.54 W/m(2) (0.1%) total (spectrally integrated) radiative output solar cycle. The parameterizations allow customization of UV irradiance time series for specific wavelength bands required as inputs to general circulation model simulations of solar cycle forcing of global climate change, and have practical implications regarding the long-term repeatability required for future solar monitoring. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Eppley Lab Inc, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7673L,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lean@demeter.nrl.navy.mil OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 79 TC 197 Z9 200 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D25 BP 29939 EP 29956 DI 10.1029/97JD02092 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YP443 UT WOS:000071277300016 ER PT J AU Sun, JL Lenschow, DH Mahrt, L Crawford, TL Davis, KJ Oncley, SP MacPherson, JI Wang, Q Dobosy, RJ Desjardins, RL AF Sun, JL Lenschow, DH Mahrt, L Crawford, TL Davis, KJ Oncley, SP MacPherson, JI Wang, Q Dobosy, RJ Desjardins, RL TI Lake-induced atmospheric circulations during BOREAS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FLUXES; LAND; TEMPERATURE; SCALE; DEPENDENCE; SURFACES; IMPACT; MODEL AB Lake-induced atmospheric circulations over three lakes ranging from 3 to 10 km width are analyzed using data from three aircraft during the 1994 Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS), A well-defined divergent lake breeze circulation is observed over all three lakes during the day, Under light wind conditions, the lake breeze is not very sensitive to the water temperature, and the strength of the divergence over the lake decreases with increasing lake size. The boundary-layer development over the surrounding land can be very important for generating a horizontal pressure difference which drives the lake breeze, Diurnal and seasonal variations of lake breezes are investigated on the basis of repeated passes from the different aircraft at different altitudes from late spring to early fall of 1994. The lake breeze divergence increases with time during the day and reaches a maximum around 1300 LST. The latent heat flux over 10-km-wide Candle Lake increases steadily from spring to fall as the lake temperature increases, The latent heat flux over the land reaches a maximum during the summer due to evapotranspiration. The lake effect on area-averaged fluxes sometimes leads to a negative heat transfer coefficient for an averaging scale of several times the lake width. C1 Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Turbulenec & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 036, Canada. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Agr Canada, Land Resource Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jls@monsoon.colorado.edu RI Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015; Dobosy, Ronald/C-3303-2016; OI Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914; Dobosy, Ronald/0000-0001-8399-8774; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 26 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D24 BP 29155 EP 29166 DI 10.1029/97JD01114 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YQ418 UT WOS:000071384900036 ER PT J AU Norris, WP Merwin, LH Ostrom, GS Gilardi, RD AF Norris, WP Merwin, LH Ostrom, GS Gilardi, RD TI Formation of urea, isourea, and triazine derivatives from diisopropylcyanamide with trifluoroacetic anhydride and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride: Thermal instability of urea and isourea derivatives SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Diisopropylcyanamide reacts exothermically with trifluoroacetic anhydride to give 2, an equilibrium mixture, in C6D6 solution, of 1:1 adducts, N,N-diisopropyl-N',O-bis(trifluoroacetyl), 2a (10%), and N,N-diisopropyl-N',N'-bis(trifluoroacetyl)urea, 2c (90%), at 27 degrees C. Compound 2c is a colorless solid, mp 49-51 degrees C. Thermolysis of 2, at 117 degrees C, shows first-order kinetics with the intital products being trifluoroacetonitrile, 4, and diisopropylcarbamic trifluoroacetic mixed anhydride, 3. Trifluoroacetonitrile trimerizes to 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, and 3 is thermally labile giving diisopropyltrifluoroacetamide and CO2. In the thermolysis reaction 4 reacts with 2a to give a small amount of 4-(diisopropylamino)-4-(trifluoroacetoxy)-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazine 7. A related compound, 4,4-bis(diisopropylamino)-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,3-5-oxadiazine, 8, is formed from 7 and 2c going through a concentration maximum at 4000 s in the kinetic run. Compound 8 thermolytically dissociates to generate 4 and tetraisopropylurea. Compound 2 is a tirfluoroacetylating agent with methanol giving methyl trifluoroacetate in 97% yield. Accompanying this reaction is a methanol displacement of diisopropylamine giving a 1.7% yield of methyl-N-(trifluoroacetyl)urethane. Diisopropylcyanamide also reacts exothermically with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride to give 2,4,6-tris(diisopropylamino)-1-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)triazinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 15, in 96% yield. X-ray crystallographic structure drawing of 15 shows N1 (attached to CF3SO2) is pyramidal while N2, N4, and N6 (all diisopropylamino nitrogens) are sp(2)-planar. A small amount of O-ethyl-N,N-diisopropyl-N'-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)isourea was also recovered, produced by the reaction of the initially formed intermediate, N,N-diisopropyl-N',O-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)isourea, with ethanol contaminant in absolute ethyl ether solvent. Treatment of 15 with methanol, in the presence of K2CO3, gave a 90% yield of 2,4,6-tris(diisopropylamine)-1-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-4-methoxy-1,4-dihydrotriazine. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Div, Chem & Mat Branch,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Norris, WP (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Div, Chem & Mat Branch,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD DEC 26 PY 1997 VL 62 IS 26 BP 9070 EP 9075 DI 10.1021/jo9710184 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA YQ657 UT WOS:000071410200025 ER PT J AU Bessel, CA Rolison, DR AF Bessel, CA Rolison, DR TI Electrocatalytic reactivity of zeolite-encapsulated Co(salen) with benzyl chloride SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EXTRAZEOLITE ELECTRON-TRANSFER; COMPLEXES; OXIDATION; IRON; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; INTRAZEOLITE; COBALT(I)(SALEN); COORDINATION; CATALYSTS; REDUCTION C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Villanova Univ, Dept Chem, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 24 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 51 BP 12673 EP 12674 DI 10.1021/ja971779o PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YP394 UT WOS:000071272500034 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Aifer, EH Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Lin, CH Murry, SJ Zhang, D Pei, SS AF Bewley, WW Aifer, EH Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Lin, CH Murry, SJ Zhang, D Pei, SS TI High-temperature type-II superlattice diode laser at lambda=2.9 mu m SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THEORETICAL PERFORMANCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; QUANTUM AB A 2.9 mu m diode laser with InAs/GaSb/Ga0.75In0.25Sb/GaSb superlattice active region displays a maximum operating temperature of 260 K. At 200 K, the threshold current density is 1.1 kA/cm(2) and the quantum efficiency is >15%. The peak output power per facet exceeds 800 mW at 100 K and 200 mW at 200 K for a 0.05% duty cycle. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(97)02851-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Houston, Ctr Space Vacuum Epitaxy, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 25 BP 3607 EP 3609 DI 10.1063/1.120455 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YN283 UT WOS:000071151400003 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Pasour, J Smithe, D AF Friedman, M Pasour, J Smithe, D TI Modulating electron beams for an X band relativistic klystron amplifier SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LENGTH AB A large diameter thin annular intense relativistic electron beam was modulated at a frequency of 10 GHz. The electron beam propagated inside a narrow annular drift tube in which gaps feeding radial cavities were inserted. An external source injected microwave power of 180 kW into a single input cavity followed by a simple idler structure. A stable 10 kA rf current modulation was induced on the 400 keV electron beam. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(97)00751-1]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 25 BP 3724 EP 3726 DI 10.1063/1.120494 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YN283 UT WOS:000071151400042 ER PT J AU Mostovych, AN Chan, Y AF Mostovych, AN Chan, Y TI Reflective probing of the electrical conductivity of hot aluminum in the solid, liquid, and plasma phases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PULSES; STRESS WAVES; METAL; TEMPERATURES; ABSORPTION; EQUATION; STATE AB The physics of dense aluminum in transition between metallic and insulating states of the solid, liquid, and plasma phases is robed in thermally equilibrated, inertially confined, laser heated targets. Time resolved laser probes measure the reflectivity of thin aluminum layers embedded inside the target. The electrical conductivity is inferred from the reflectivity with a free-electron Drude conduction model. It is found to be sharply below liquid aluminum values and differs by at least an order of magnitude from current theoretical predictions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Laser Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Mostovych, AN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Laser Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 25 BP 5094 EP 5097 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.5094 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YM740 UT WOS:000071096100039 ER PT J AU Swanson, NL Pham, CN VanWinkle, DH AF Swanson, NL Pham, CN VanWinkle, DH TI Fringe visibility of multimode laser light scattered through turbid water SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Several years ago Swanson [Proc. SPIE 1750, 397 (1992)] performed a simple Michelson interferometric determination of the coherence length of a multimode argon-ion laser after the light passed through a tank of water. As colloidal particles were added to the water the observed coherence length (as measured by twice the distance the mirror moved for fringes to disappear) decreased. Subsequently, a series of careful experiments were performed with a single-mode laser to more accurately measure this change. In these experiments it was found that the 1.5-MHz width of the 514.5-nm line of a single-mode argon-ion laser broadened by as much as 1.3 +/- 0.2 MHz when small colloidal particles were added. At first glance such a broadening should not have resulted in any discernible change in the original Michelson experiment because the gain curve for the multimode laser is of the order of a few gigahertz. The zeros in the fringe visibility function depend on the spectral characteristics of the modes. Upon scattering, the spectral characteristics of the individual laser modes change from Voigt functions, containing both Lorentzian and Gaussian components, to primarily Gaussian. It is this change in the statistical properties of the modes, not the broadening, that accounts for the change in the hinge visibility for a multimode source. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,CTR MAT RES & TECHNOL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. RP Swanson, NL (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,COASTAL SYST STN,PANAMA CITY,FL 32417, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 36 BP 9509 EP 9514 DI 10.1364/AO.36.009509 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA YL302 UT WOS:A1997YL30200022 PM 18264512 ER PT J AU Purcell, WR Cheng, LX Dixon, DD Kinzer, RL Kurfess, JD Leventhal, M Saunders, MA Skibo, JG Smith, DM Tueller, J AF Purcell, WR Cheng, LX Dixon, DD Kinzer, RL Kurfess, JD Leventhal, M Saunders, MA Skibo, JG Smith, DM Tueller, J TI OSSE mapping of galactic 511 keV positron annihilation line emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy, center; gamma-rays, observations; ISM, general; line, formation nuclear; reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances ID GAMMA-RAY LINE; CENTER REGION; CENTER DIRECTION; RADIATION; GALAXY; CONTINUUM; 511-KEV; ORIGIN AB The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) observations of the Galactic plane and Galactic center region have been combined with scanning observations by the Transient Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (TGRS) and Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) instruments to produce maps of the Galactic narrow 511 keV positron annihilation line radiation. Two different mapping methods, singular value decomposition and maximum entropy, have been applied to the data. In both cases, the resulting maps show evidence for three distinct features: (1) a central bulge, (2) emission in the Galactic plane, and (3) an enhancement or extension of emission at positive latitudes above the Galactic center. Modeling of the data confirmed the existence of these features. The derived distribution is found to be in good qualitative agreement with nearly all of the historical observations of narrow 511 keV line emission from the Galactic center region. No evidence of time variability is found. Various possible production mechanisms for the observed positrons, including the positive-latitude enhancement, are presented. It is found that supernovae are capable of producing positrons at the required rate to account for the intensity and morphology of the observed 511 keV line emission. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Univ, Syst Optimizat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Purcell, WR (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RI Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012 NR 66 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1997 VL 491 IS 2 BP 725 EP 748 DI 10.1086/304994 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YN295 UT WOS:000071152600025 ER PT J AU Baird, JK Hoffman, SL AF Baird, JK Hoffman, SL TI Iron supplementation in prevention of severe anaemia and malaria SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Malaria Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Malaria Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 20 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9094 BP 1855 EP 1855 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)63676-8 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YM803 UT WOS:000071102500062 PM 9428280 ER PT J AU Agoston, GE Wu, JH Izenwasser, S George, C Katz, J Kline, RH Newman, AH AF Agoston, GE Wu, JH Izenwasser, S George, C Katz, J Kline, RH Newman, AH TI Novel N-substituted 3 alpha-[bis(4 '-fluorophenyl)methoxy]tropane analogues: Selective ligands for the dopamine transporter SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; UPTAKE INHIBITORS; SEROTONIN UPTAKE; RAT-BRAIN; COCAINE; BINDING; POTENT; NORADRENALINE; SITES; DRUGS AB A series of N-substituted 3 alpha-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)methoxy]tropane analogues has been prepared that function as dopamine uptake inhibitors. The N-methylated analogue of this series had a significantly higher affinity for the dopamine transporter than the parent compound, N-methyl-3 alpha-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane (benztropine, Cogentin). Yet like the parent compound, it retained high affinity for muscarinic receptors. A series of N-substituted compounds were prepared from nor-3 alpha-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)methoxy]tropane via acylation followed by hydride reduction of the amide or by direct alkylation. All compounds containing a basic tropane nitrogen displaced [H-3]WIN 35,428 at the dopamine transporter (K-i range = 8.5-634 nM) and blocked dopamine uptake (IC50 range = 10-371 nM) in rat caudate putamen, whereas ligands with a nonbasic nitrogen were virtually inactive. None of the compounds demonstrated high binding affinity at norepinephrine or serotonin transporters. Importantly, a separation of binding affinities for the dopamine transporter versus muscarinic m(i) receptors was achieved by substitution of the N-methyl group with other N-alkyl or arylalkyl substituents (eg. n-butyl, allyl, benzyl, 3-phenylpropyl, etc.). Additionally, the most potent and selective analogue in this series at the dopamine transporter, N-(4 "-phenyl-n-butyl)-3 alpha-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-tropane analogue failed to substitute for cocaine in rats trained to discriminate cocaine from saline. Potentially, new leads toward the development of a pharmacotherapeutic for cocaine abuse and other disorders affecting the dopamine transporter may be discovered. C1 NIDA, Psychobiol Sect, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newman, AH (reprint author), NIDA, Psychobiol Sect, Intramural Res Program, NIH, 5500 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA09045] NR 28 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD DEC 19 PY 1997 VL 40 IS 26 BP 4329 EP 4339 DI 10.1021/jm970525a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YQ059 UT WOS:000071343300014 PM 9435902 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Kaul, R Rao, RB Raghothama, S Balaram, P AF Karle, IL Kaul, R Rao, RB Raghothama, S Balaram, P TI Stereochemical analysis of higher alpha,alpha-dialkylglycine containing peptides. Characterization of local helical conformations at dipropylglycine residues and observation of a novel hydrated multiple beta-turn structure in crystals of a glycine rich peptide SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-AMINOISOBUTYRIC-ACID; PROTON MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; RIGHT-HANDED HELICES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TRICHOGIN-A-IV; AMINO-ACIDS; EXTENDED STRUCTURES; ENERGY COMPUTATION; HYDROGEN-BONDS; SIDE-CHAINS AB The peptide Boc-Gly-Dpg-Gly-Gly-Dpg-Gly-NHMe (1) has been synthesized to examine the conformational preferences of Dpg residues in the context of a poor helix promoting sequence. Single crystals of 1 were obtained in the space group P2(1)/c with a = 13.716(2) Angstrom, b = 12.960(2) Angstrom, c = 22.266(4) Angstrom, and beta = 98.05(1)degrees; R = 6.3% for 3660 data with \F-0\ > 4 sigma. The molecular conformation in crystals revealed that the Gly(1)-Dpg(2) segment adopts phi, psi values distorted from those expected for an ideal type II' beta-turn (phi(Gly(1)) = +72.0 degrees, psi(Gly(1)) = -166.0 degrees; phi(Dpg(2)) = -54.0 degrees, psi(Dpg(2)) = -46.0 degrees) with an inserted water molecule between Boc-CO and Gly(3)NH. The Gly(3)-Gly(4) segment adopts phi, psi values which lie broadly in the right handed helical region (phi(Gly(3)) = -78.0 degrees, psi(Gly(3)) = -9.0 degrees; phi(Gly(4)) = -80.0 degrees, psi(Gly(4)) = 18.0 degrees). There is a chiral reversal at Dpg(5) which takes up phi, psi values in the left handed helical region. The Dpg(5)-Gly(6) segment closely resembles an ideal type I' beta-turn (phi(Dpg(5)) = +56.0 degrees, psi(Dpg(5)) = +32.0 degrees; phi(Gly(6)) = +85.0 degrees, psi(Gly(6)) = -3.0 degrees). Molecules of both chiral senses are found in the centrosymmetric crystal. The C-terminus forms a hydrated Schellman motif, with water insertion into the potential 6 --> 1 hydrogen bond between Gly(1)CO and Gly(6)NH. NMR studies in CDCl3 suggest substantial retention of the multiple turn conformation observed in crystals. In solution the observed NOEs support local helical conformation at the two Dpg residues. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Chem, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Indian Inst Sci, Sophisticated Instruments Facil, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 17 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 50 BP 12048 EP 12054 DI 10.1021/ja970596z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YN229 UT WOS:000071146000003 ER PT J AU Urban, JJ Cronin, CW Roberts, RR Famini, GR AF Urban, JJ Cronin, CW Roberts, RR Famini, GR TI Conformational preferences of 2-phenethylamines. A computational study of substituent and solvent effects on the intramolecular amine-aryl interactions in charged and neutral 2-phenethylamines SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JET-COOLED ALKYLBENZENES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FREE-ENERGIES; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; ACETYLCHOLINE-BINDING; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; SUPERSONIC JET; ATOMIC CHARGES; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLVATION AB A computational investigation of the conformational preferences of 2-phenethylamine has been carried out with a variety-of techniques. To determine the intrinsic (in the absence of a solvent medium) conformational preferences of the 2-phenethylamine system, ab initio calculations at various levels of theory up to the MP2/6-311+G(d,p)//IMP2/6-31G(d,p) level were carried out. This is the most sophisticated level of theory that has been applied to this biologically important system to date. In the absence of a solvent medium, phenethylamines prefer a folded gauche conformation for both the charged and neutral amines, indicating a favorable interaction between the amino group and the aromatic ring. To probe the nature of this intramolecular interaction further the effects of ring substituents on the conformational preferences were studied. The results have been compared to those obtained with semiempirical and molecular mechanics force field methods. The molecular mechanics force fields employing default parameters typically performed poorly for this system, but the results were improved significantly if the electrostatic charges were replaced. The effects of aqueous solvation have also been investigated with the GB/SA and the SM2 continuum solvation models. The best agreement with experiment is obtained when the MP2/6-311+G-(d,p)//MP2/6-31G(d,p) results are combined with the SM2-calculated solvent effect. Results of nearly the same quality can be obtained if the solvent effect is calculated with the GB/SA solvation model using AM1-CM1A charges. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Int Programs Off, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Urban, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 17 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 50 BP 12292 EP 12299 DI 10.1021/ja971866g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YN229 UT WOS:000071146000034 ER PT J AU Felix, CL Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Goldberg, L Chow, DH Selvig, E AF Felix, CL Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Goldberg, L Chow, DH Selvig, E TI Midinfrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB We report a type-II antimonide midinfrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. The emission wavelength of 2.9 mu m is nearly independent of temperature (d lambda/dT approximate to 0.07 nm/K) and the multimode linewidth is quite narrow (3.5 nm). The pulsed threshold power at 86 K is as low as 22 mW for a 30 mu m spot. Lasing is observed up to T=280 K, and the peak output power from a 600 mu m spot exceeds 2 W up to 260 K. The differential power conversion efficiency is >1% at 220 K. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(97)03350-0]. C1 HUGHES RES LABS,MALIBU,CA 90265. RP Felix, CL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 5613,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Selvig, Espen/B-5122-2008 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 24 BP 3483 EP 3485 DI 10.1063/1.120366 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YL273 UT WOS:A1997YL27300007 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI The high-latitude solar wind near sunspot maximum SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL HOLES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EVOLUTION; STREAMS AB We use an empirical relation between solar wind speed and coronal flux-tube expansion to predict what Ulysses might have seen had it flown over the solar poles during 1989-1991 instead of 1994-1996. The wind speed patterns, derived from solar magnetograph data, show the following characteristics: (1) high-speed streams having recurrence rates of 28-29 days and originating from midlatitude extensions of the polar coronal holes dominate the rising phase of the sunspot cycle (1987-1989); (2) the persistent high-speed polar wind disappears and low-speed wind is found at all latitudes during 1989-1990; (3) very fast, episodic "polar jets" are generated as active region fields surge to the poles at the time of polar field reversal (1990-1991). The wind speed patterns that Ulysses encounters during its second polar orbit are expected to show the same general characteristics. C1 Naval Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20275 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7672, Washington, DC 20275 USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 24 BP 3141 EP 3144 DI 10.1029/97GL53305 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA YN927 UT WOS:000071222700010 ER PT J AU Stevens, MH Conway, RR Cardon, JG Russell, JM AF Stevens, MH Conway, RR Cardon, JG Russell, JM TI MAHRSI observations of nitric oxide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL AB In November, 1994, the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) observed the distribution of NO between the altitudes of 76 and 140 km by measuring limb intensity profiles of solar resonance fluorescence in the NO A (2) Sigma --> X (2) Pi (1,0) gamma band near 215 nm. The observations were made from the ASTRO-SPAS (Shuttle Pallet Satellite) spacecraft which was deployed and retrieved by the space shuttle. The data provided a seven hour snapshot of lower thermospheric and mesospheric NO from sunrise near 48 degrees S to sunset near 61 degrees N latitude following a period of low solar and high geomagnetic activity. Inferred peak lower thermospheric NO densities ranged from 3 x 10(7) cm(-3) near the equator to 2 x 10(8) cm(-3) at high northern latitudes, roughly consistent with previous observations for the same conditions. Individual vertical density profiles showed substantial structure and large orbit to orbit variations, suggesting that the distribution of mesospheric and lower thermospheric NO is dynamically influenced. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 23031 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Stevens, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7641, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 24 BP 3213 EP 3216 DI 10.1029/97GL03257 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA YN927 UT WOS:000071222700028 ER PT J AU Battaile, CC Srolovitz, DJ Butler, JE AF Battaile, CC Srolovitz, DJ Butler, JE TI A kinetic Monte Carlo method for the atomic-scale simulation of chemical vapor deposition: Application to diamond SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AB-INITIO; GROWTH; SURFACE; HYDROGEN; FILMS; C(100); RECONSTRUCTION; CHEMISTRY; ACETYLENE AB We present a method for simulating the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of thin films. The model is based upon a three-dimensional representation of film growth on the atomic scale that incorporates the effects of surface atomic structure and morphology. Film growth is simulated on lattice. The temporal evolution of the film during growth is examined on the atomic scale by a Monte Carlo technique parameterized by the rates of the important surface chemical reactions. The approach is similar to the N-fold way in that one reaction occurs at each simulation step, and the time increment between reaction events is variable. As an example of the application of the simulation technique, the growth of(111)-oriented diamond films was simulated for fifteen substrate temperatures ranging from 800 to 1500 K. Film growth rates and incorporated vacancy and H atom concentrations were computed at each temperature. Under typical CVD conditions, the simulated growth rates vary from about 0.1 to 0.8 mu m/hr between 800 and 1500 K and the activation energy for growth on the (111): H surface between 800 and 1100 K is 11.3 kcal/mol. The simulations predict that the concentrations of incorporated point defects are low at substrate temperatures below 1300 K, but become significant above this temperature. If the ratio between growth rate and point defect concentration is used as a measure of growth efficiency, ideal substrate temperatures for the growth of(lll)-oriented diamond films are in the vicinity of 1100 to 1200 K. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM srol@umich.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 48 TC 108 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 52 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 12 BP 6293 EP 6300 DI 10.1063/1.366532 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YM236 UT WOS:000071043400061 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, A Tonucci, RJ Shirley, EL AF Rosenberg, A Tonucci, RJ Shirley, EL TI Out-of-plane two-dimensional photonic band structure effects observed in the visible spectrum SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICES AB We have investigated the visible-region transmission spectra of light propagating in directions which lie outside the array plane of a two-dimensional photonic crystal. These photonic crystals consist of arrays of glass rods inside a glass matrix, with periodicities comparable to the wavelengths of interest. When the propagation direction is within the array plane, attenuations corresponding to the Brillouin-zone boundaries are observed, while for out-of-plane propagation all attenuation features shift to shorter wavelengths. interesting polarization-dependent effects appear for out-of-plane propagation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rosenberg, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 12 BP 6354 EP 6356 DI 10.1063/1.366534 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YM236 UT WOS:000071043400071 ER PT J AU Levine, BL Bernstein, WB Connors, M Craighead, N Lindsten, T Thompson, CB June, CH AF Levine, BL Bernstein, WB Connors, M Craighead, N Lindsten, T Thompson, CB June, CH TI Effects of CD28 costimulation on long-term proliferation of CD4(+) T cells in the absence of exogenous feeder cells SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTES-T; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IN-VIVO; AUTOCRINE GROWTH; CLONAL EXPANSION; HIV-1 INFECTION; ACTIVATION; CTLA-4; INTERLEUKIN-2; EXPRESSION AB In this report, conditions for prolonged in vitro proliferation of polyclonal adult CD4(+) T cells via stimulation with immobilized anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 have been established. CD4(+) cells maintained exponential growth for more than 60 days during which a total 10(9)- to 10(11)-fold expansion occurred. Cell cultures exhibited cyclical changes in cell volume, indicating that, in terms of proliferative rate, cells do not have to rest before restimulation. Indeed, electronic cell size analysis was the most reliable method to determine when to restimulate with additional immobilized mAb. The initial similar to 10(5)-fold expansion was autocrine, occurring in the absence of exogenous cytokines or feeder cells. Addition of recombinant human IL-2 after the initial autocrine expansion resulted in continued exponential proliferation. Phorbol ester plus ionomycin also induced long-term growth when combined with anti-CD28 stimulation. Analysis of the T cell repertoire after prolonged expansion revealed a diverse repertoire as assessed by anti-TCR V beta Abs or a PCR-based assay. Cytokines produced were consistent with maintenance of both Th1 and Th2 phenotypes; however, the mode of CD3 and CD28 stimulation could influence the cytokine secretion pattern. When anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 were immobilized on the same surface, ELISAs on culture supernatants revealed a pattern consistent with Th1 secretion. Northern analysis revealed that cytokine gene expression remained inducible. Spontaneous growth or cell transformation was not observed in more than 100 experiments. Together, these observations may have implications for gene therapy and adoptive immunotherapy. Furthermore, these culture conditions establish a model to study the finite lifespan of mature T lymphocytes. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Immune Cell Biol Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Univ Chicago, Gwen Knapp Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, US Mil HIV Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Levine, BL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Immune Cell Biol Program, Mail Stop 061,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Levine, Bruce/D-1688-2009 NR 59 TC 233 Z9 237 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 12 BP 5921 EP 5930 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YW264 UT WOS:000071914900022 PM 9550389 ER PT J AU Li, TM AF Li, TM TI Phase transition of the El Nino Southern oscillation: A stationary SST mode SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL CYCLE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ENSO; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; CHAOS; WIND; VARIABILITY AB A stationary SST mode is proposed to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the phase transition of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. This stationary SST mode differs from the original delayed oscillator mode and the slow SST mode in the sense that it considers both balanced and unbalanced thermocline depth variations and does nor take into account the zonal propagation of SST. Within this mode, the Walker circulation acts as a positive feedback mechanism to amplify and maintain an existing interannual SST anomaly, whereas the Hadley circulation acts as a negative feedback mechanism that dismisses the original anomaly and causes the phase shift from a warm (cold) to a cold (warm) episode. The key to the cause of interannual oscillations in the stationary SST mode lies in the zonal-mean thermocline depth variation that is not in equilibrium with the winds. Because of the nonequilibrium, this part of the thermocline depth anomaly tends to have a phase lag with the wind (or SST) anomaly and therefore holds a key for the interannual oscillation. The zonally asymmetric part of the thermocline depth anomaly, on the other hand, is always in Sverdrup balance with the winds. Such a phase relationship agrees well with observations and with GCM simulations. The stationary SST mode strongly depends on the basin width, on the air-sea coupling strength, and on the seasonal-cycle basic state. For a reasonable parameter regime, it depicts an interannual oscillation with a period of 2-7 years. This stationary SST mode is also season dependent: it has a maximum growth rate during the later part of the year and a negative growth rare during the northern spring, which may explain the occurrence of the mature phases of the El Nino in the northern winter and a rapid drop of the lagged correlation of the Southern Oscillation index in the boreal spring. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Res Lab, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Li, TM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Res Lab, Dept Meteorol, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 40 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 54 IS 24 BP 2872 EP 2887 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2872:PTOTEN>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YN821 UT WOS:000071211200006 ER PT J AU Jonker, BT Glembocki, OJ Holm, RT Wagner, RJ AF Jonker, BT Glembocki, OJ Holm, RT Wagner, RJ TI Enhanced carrier lifetimes and suppression of midgap states in GaAs at a magnetic metal interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRANZ-KELDYSH OSCILLATIONS; SCHOTTKY-BARRIER FORMATION; N-TYPE; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; FERMI-LEVEL; IN-SITU; FIELD; GAAS(001); SURFACES AB We report the first measurement of room temperature carrier lifetimes at a magnetic metal-semiconductor interface, Fe/GaAs(001)-(2 x 4). The lifetimes are significantly enhanced relative to uncoated or sulfur-passivated surfaces. or the Al/GaAs(001)-(2 x 4) interface. These enhanced life-times correlate with a corresponding decrease in the density of midgap states which otherwise dominate the character of the GaAs(001) surface, The epitaxial Fe film provides both a ferromagnetic contact and a superior surface-passivating layer which does not pin the Fermi energy. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 24 BP 4886 EP 4889 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.4886 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YL244 UT WOS:A1997YL24400042 ER PT J AU Kendziora, C Martin, MC Forro, L Mandrus, D Mihaly, L AF Kendziora, C Martin, MC Forro, L Mandrus, D Mihaly, L TI Optical conductivity of high T-c superconductors: From underdoped to overdoped - Comment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. ECOLE POLYTECH FED LAUSANNE,DEPT PHYS,CH-1015 LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PHYS,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP Kendziora, C (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6653,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 24 BP 4935 EP 4935 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.4935 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YL244 UT WOS:A1997YL24400058 ER PT J AU Frankel, MY Esman, RD AF Frankel, MY Esman, RD TI Reconfigurable time-steered array-antenna beam former SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE time-steered phased-array antennas; photonic beam forming; true time delay; two-dimensional steering; switching fabric; holographic interconnection ID PHASED-ARRAY; SYSTEM AB We present and analyze a hardware-optimized technique that provides true-time-delay steering for broadband two-dimensional array-antenna applications. The technique improves on previous approaches by the reduction of the two-dimensional beam-former architecture complexity, by the provision of flexibility in time-delay unit section, and by the potential reduction of optical loss. The technique relies on a one-dimensional bank of time-delay units to form the required time-delay gradient for proper off-broadside angle steering. A reconfigurable optical interconnection fabric is used to reassign dynamically the connections between the time-delay units and individual array elements of a two-dimensional array to effect the proper steering angle the off-broadside cone. RP Frankel, MY (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 10 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 35 BP 9261 EP 9268 DI 10.1364/AO.36.009261 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA YJ922 UT WOS:A1997YJ92200017 PM 18264485 ER PT J AU Ray, PS Foster, RS Waltman, EB Tavani, M Ghigo, FD AF Ray, PS Foster, RS Waltman, EB Tavani, M Ghigo, FD TI Long-term flux monitoring of LSI +61 degrees 303 at 2.25 and 8.3 GHz SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, close; radio continuum, stars; stars, individual (LSI +61 degrees 303); stars, neutron; X-rays, stars ID RAY BINARY LSI+61-DEGREES-303; STAR LSI+61-DEGREES-303; RADIO OUTBURSTS; MODEL AB LSI +61 degrees 303 is an exotic binary system consisting of a similar to 10 M-. B star and a compact object that is probably a neutron star. The system is associated with the interesting radio source GT 0236 + 610, which exhibits bright radio outbursts with a period of 26.5 days. We report the results of continuous daily radio interferometric observations of GT 0236 + 610 at 2.25 and 8.3 GHz from 1994 January to 1996 February. The observations cover 25 complete (and three partial) cycles with multiple observations each day. We detect substantial cycle-to-cycle variability of the radio emission characterized by a rapid onset of the radio flares followed by a more gradual decrease of the emission. We detect a systematic change of the radio spectral index alpha (defined as S-nu proportional to nu(alpha)), which typically becomes larger than zero at the onset of the radio outbursts. This behavior is suggestive of expansion of material initially optically thick to radio frequencies, indicating either that synchrotron or inverse Compton cooling are important or that the free-free optical depth to the source is rapidly changing. After two years of observations, we see only weak evidence for the proposed 4 year periodic modulation in the peak flux of the outbursts. We observe a secular trend in the outburst phases according the best published ephemeris. This trend indicates either orbital period evolution, or a drift in outburst orbital phase in response to some other change in the system. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV, COLUMBIA ASTROPHYS LAB, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV, GREEN BANK, WV 24944 USA. RP Ray, PS (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, DEPT REMOTE SENSING, CODE 7210, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 1997 VL 491 IS 1 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1086/304923 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YL507 UT WOS:A1997YL50700037 ER PT J AU Sterling, AC Hudson, HS AF Sterling, AC Hudson, HS TI Yohkoh SXT observations of X-ray ''dimming'' associated with a halo coronal mass ejection SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun, corona; sun, flares; sun, particle emission; sun, X-rays, gamma rays ID SOLAR-FLARES; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; DISTURBANCES; TELESCOPE; MISSION AB A sudden depletion or intensity ''dimming'' of the X-ray corona sometimes accompanies a solar eruptive flare or coronal mass ejection (CME). We have identified a dimming that occurred just prior to a ''halo'' CME, observed on 1997 April 7 using the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh. Halo CMEs are prime candidates for ''space weather'' effects. The dimming occurred in compact regions near a flare of 14 UT on April 7, over a projected area of about 10(20) cm(-2), and indicate that a mass of a few times 10(14) g was ejected. This is a lower limit imposed by the obscuration of the dimming volume by the brightness of the accompanying flare and other factors. Most of the mass deficit comes from two regions close to the ends of a preflare S-shaped active-region structure, and the resulting dimmings in these regions persisted for more than three days following the flare. A cusp-shaped loop-not apparent prior to the flare-dominates the emission in the flare decay phase, and has a mass comparable to that lost in the dimming regions. Our findings are consistent with the source of the CME being a flux rope that erupted, leaving behind the dimming regions. The cusp-shaped loop probably represents magnetic fields reconfigured or reconnected by the eruption. We do not see an-ray analog of the wavelike disturbance evident in SOHO EUV images. C1 SOLAR PHYS RES CORP,TUCSON,AZ 85718. COMPUTAT PHYS INC,FAIRFAX,VA 22031. USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 33 TC 187 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 1997 VL 491 IS 1 BP L55 EP & DI 10.1086/311043 PN 2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YL509 UT WOS:A1997YL50900014 ER PT J AU Bessel, CA Rolison, DR AF Bessel, CA Rolison, DR TI Microheterogeneous dispersion electrolysis with nanoscale electrode-modified zeolites SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAMICROELECTRODES; BEHAVIOR AB This study demonstrates the utility of supported nanoscale Pt or RuO2 particles as ensembles of ultramicroelectrodes for controlled potential electrolyses, including implications for their use in practical electrosyntheses. Microheterogeneous dispersions of nanoelectrode-modified aluminosilicate zeolites (M-Z) increase the effective electrode area of conventional large surface electrodes in electrolytes of customary ionic strength (mu greater than or equal to 0.1 M). For [Fe(CN)(6)](3-) solutions (in pH 6.86 phosphate buffer), the time for total reduction of the iron complex using a dilute 2.5 mg/ml suspension density of 1 wt.% Pt-NaY was 67% less than that for the same solution with no electrode-modified zeolite added. The use of Pt-NaY dispersed in solutions of low electrolyte content (650 mu M) exploits the nanoelectrode nature of the Pt particles and enables effective electron transfer to be conducted at applied potentials similar to those applied in high ionic strength electrolyte. In the absence of dispersed nanoelectrodes, no electrolysis can be sustained under these conditions of high resistance. Divorcing the electrocatalyst from the reactor electrodes allows inexpensive large area feeder electrodes to be used while the dispersed nanoscale electrodes can be a small mass of a high cost electrocatalyst. These studies demonstrate that heterogeneous dispersion electrolyses using electrode-modified zeolites can overcome the difficulties normally associated with industrial applications of electrosynthetic schemes: slow reaction times, difficult electrolyte separations, and high electrode costs. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD DEC 10 PY 1997 VL 439 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(97)00375-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA ZG018 UT WOS:000072956500011 ER PT J AU Mandell, AJ Selz, KA Shlesinger, MF AF Mandell, AJ Selz, KA Shlesinger, MF TI Mode matches and their locations in the hydrophobic free energy sequences of peptide ligands and their receptor eigenfunctions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-RESIDUES; OPIOID RECEPTOR; NONPEPTIDE ANTAGONIST; TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN; EXTRACELLULAR LOOPS; GLOBULAR PROTEINS; HORMONE RECEPTOR; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; GROWTH-FACTOR; BINDING-SITE AB Patterns in sequences of amino acid hydrophobic bic free energies predict secondary structures in proteins. In protein folding, matches in hydrophobic free energy statistical wavelengths appear to contribute to selective aggregation of secondary structures in ''hydrophobic zippers.'' in a similar setting, the use of Fourier analysis to characterize the dominant statistical wavelengths of peptide ligands' and receptor proteins' hydrophobic modes to predict such matches has been limited blv the aliasing and end effects of short peptide lengths, as well as the broad-band, mode multiplicity of many of their frequency (power) spectra. In addition. the sequence locations of the matching modes are lost in this transformation. We make new use of three techniques to address these difficulties: (i) eigen-function construction from the linear decomposition of the lagged covariance matrices of the ligands and receptors as hydrophobic free energy sequences: (ii) maximum entropy, complex poles power spectra, which select the dominant modes of the hydrophobic free energy sequences or their eigenfunctions; and (iii) discrete, best bases, trigonometric wavelet transformations, which confirm the dominant spectral frequencies of the eigenfunctions and locate them as (absolute valued) moduli in the peptide or receptor sequence. The leading eigenfunction of the convariance matrix of a transmembrane receptor sequence locates the same transmembrane segments seen in n-block-averaged hydropathy plots whit leaving the remaining hydrophobic modes unsmoothed and available far further analysis as secondary eigenfunctions, In these receptor eigenfunctions, uf find a set: of statistical wavelength matches between peptide ligands and their G-protein and tyrosine kinase coupled receptors, ranging across examples from 13.10 amino acids in acid fibroblast growth factor to 2.18 residues in corticotropin releasing factor. We find that the wavelet-located receptor modes in the extracellular loops are compatible with studies of receptor chimeric exchanges and point mutations. A nonbinding corticotropin-releasing factor receptor mutant is shown to have lost the signatory mode common to the normal receptor and its ligand. Hydrophobic free energy eigenfunctions and their transformations offer new quantitative physical homologies in database searches for peptide-receptor matches. C1 EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV, DEPT MATH, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA. OFF NAVAL RES, DIV PHYS SCI, ARLINGTON, VA 22217 USA. RP Mandell, AJ (reprint author), CIELO INST, 485 SUNSET DR, ASHEVILLE, NC 28804 USA. NR 73 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 9 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 25 BP 13576 EP 13581 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.25.13576 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YK825 UT WOS:A1997YK82500041 PM 9391068 ER PT J AU Hubert, C Levy, J Carter, AC Chang, W Kiechoefer, SW Horwitz, JS Chrisey, DB AF Hubert, C Levy, J Carter, AC Chang, W Kiechoefer, SW Horwitz, JS Chrisey, DB TI Confocal scanning optical microscopy of BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; PHASE SHIFTERS AB An optical technique based on confocal scanning optical microscopy (CSOM) is used to image the ferroelectric polarization of BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) thin films at room temperature with submicron spatial resolution. BST films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on (100) SrTiO3 and MgO substrates at 750 degrees C in 300 mTorr of oxygen and postdeposition annealed in flowing oxygen at temperatures less than or equal to 1250 degrees C. Films of both paraelectric (x=0.5) and ferroelectric (x=0.8) compositions show a coexistence of both paraelectric and ferroelectric phases. The ferroelectric regions exhibit polarization switching and hysteresis at relatively low (1-2 kV/cm) applied fields. These results suggest that nonuniform stress is responsible for the strong inhomogeneous thermal broadening of the ferroelectric phase transition, and that dielectric loss in thin films may be dominated by a relatively small fraction of nanometer-sized regions. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP Hubert, C (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, PITTSBURGH, PA 15260 USA. RI Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009 OI Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977 NR 28 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 23 BP 3353 EP 3355 DI 10.1063/1.120335 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YK525 UT WOS:A1997YK52500011 ER PT J AU Ahn, J Sung, MM Rabalais, JW Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE AF Ahn, J Sung, MM Rabalais, JW Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE TI Surface composition and structure of GaN epilayers on sapphire SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; OF-FLIGHT SCATTERING; GALLIUM NITRIDE; RECOILING SPECTROMETRY; GROWTH; HYDROGEN; LAYERS; GAAS(110); POLARITY AB The surface composition and structure of GaN films grown on sapphire substrates by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy (OMVPE) have been determined through the use of time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry (TOF-SARS), classical ion trajectory simulations, and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). TOF-SARS spectra of scattered and recoiled ions plus fast neutrals were collected using 4 keV Ar+ primary ions. The scattering results were simulated by means of the three-dimensional scattering and recoiling imaging code (SARIC). This data leads to the conclusions that both N-terminated {00 (1) over bar}-(1x1) and Ga-terminated {0001}-(1x1) surfaces occur, however no evidence was obtained for mixed terminations. No relaxation or reconstruction was detected on either surface, although both surfaces exhibited two structural domains. The {000 (1) over bar} surfaces are well-ordered and contained hydrogen atoms bound to the N atoms of the outermost layer. The (0001) surfaces are highly reactive towards adsorption of carbon and oxygen from residual gases, however unlike the {000 (1) over bar} surfaces, they adsorb very little hydrogen. These Ga-terminated surfaces are stabilized and obtain more ordered structures as a result of the contamination. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77204. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 1997 VL 107 IS 22 BP 9577 EP 9584 DI 10.1063/1.475255 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YJ043 UT WOS:A1997YJ04300033 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Quantum oscillator argument against nonreciprocity in linear bi-isotropic media SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nonreciprocity; quantum oscillator; biisotropic media ID CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; ANISOTROPIC MEDIA; WAVE-PROPAGATION; CHIRAL SLAB; GUIDES AB Using Condon's quantum oscillator methodology to examine the implications for optical rotary behavior of the classical electromagnetic fields, we provide a simple derivation showing that nonreciprocity is not to be expected in ordinary chiral-like media. Furthermore, we conclude that the only way to achieve such desired nonreciprocal attributes is to combine such chiral materials with known nonreciprocating media. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECT SCI & TECHNOL,MICROWAVE TECHNOL BRANCH,CODE 6850-3,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2760(19971205)16:5<312::AID-MOP13>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA YG436 UT WOS:A1997YG43600013 ER PT J AU Frankel, MY Kang, JU Esman, RD AF Frankel, MY Kang, JU Esman, RD TI High-performance photonic analogue-digital converter SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE analogue-digital conversion AB The authors demonstrate a photonic analogue-digital converter architecture based on temporal-spectral mapping. Linearily chirped optical pulses form a quasi-continuous carrier modulated by the analogue RF signal. The signal is separated into several distinct wavelength channels for parallel demodulation and quantisation. Measurements performed on 70ps electrical signals indicate six bit resolution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frankel, MY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kang, Jin/A-3228-2010 NR 5 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1997 VL 33 IS 25 BP 2096 EP 2097 DI 10.1049/el:19971443 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YX456 UT WOS:000072041800011 ER PT J AU Goldberg, L Cole, B Snitzer, E AF Goldberg, L Cole, B Snitzer, E TI V-groove side-pumped 1.5 mu m fibre amplifier SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fibre amplifiers; pumps ID DOPED FIBER LASERS AB A side-pumping technique, using an imbedded v-groove is used to efficiently pump a double-clad Er/Yb doped fibre amplifier operating at 1.5 mu m and pumped at 0.98 mu m. A diode-to-fibre coupling efficiency of 76% was measured for a 100 mu m wide broad stripe laser diode and a fibre with a 50 x 120 mu m first cladding. A maximum output power of 185mW, and separately, a small signal gain of 35dB, are demonstrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Goldberg, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 45 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1997 VL 33 IS 25 BP 2127 EP 2129 DI 10.1049/el:19971471 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YX456 UT WOS:000072041800032 ER PT J AU Campbell, ML AF Campbell, ML TI Kinetic study of the reaction of Ir(a(4)F(9/2)) with CH4, O-2, and N2O SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; EXOTHERMIC HOMOLOGOUS REACTIONS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ACTIVATION BARRIERS; LINEAR ALKANES; ALKENES; SERIES; HYDROCARBONS; CHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE AB The gas-phase reactivity of ground-state Ir(a(4)F(9/2)) with CH4, O-2, and N2O is reported. Iridium atoms were produced by the photodissociation of [Ir(CO)(2)(acac)] and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The reaction rate of the a(4)F(9/2) state with CH4 is very slow and temperature-dependent. The methane reaction is pressure-independent indicating a bimolecular reaction. The bimolecular rate constant from 398 to 398 K is described in Arrhenius form by (7 +/- 5) x 10(-11) exp(-37 +/- 3 kJ/mol/RT) where the uncertainties represent +/-2 sigma. The reaction rates of the a(4)F(9/2) state with O-2 and N2O are pressure-dependent, indicating adduct formation. The limiting low-pressure third-order, k(0), and limiting high-pressure second-order, k(infinity), room-temperature rate constants with O-2 in nitrogen buffer are (4.8 +/- 1.6) x 10(-30) cm(6) s(-1) and (3.6 +/- 0.4) x 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1), respectively. For N2O, k(0) and k(infinity) are (2.2 +/- 0.5) x 10(-33) cm(6) s(-1) and (5.9 +/- 0.8) x 10(-15) cm(3) s(-1), respectively. A lower limit for the activation energy for the abstraction of an oxygen atom from N2O to produce IrO is estimated at 45 kJ/mol. RP Campbell, ML (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT CHEM,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 4 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 49 BP 9377 EP 9381 DI 10.1021/jp9722723 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YL174 UT WOS:A1997YL17400027 ER PT J AU Su, JH Vasudevan, R AF Su, JH Vasudevan, R TI On the radiation efficiency of infinite plates subject to a point load in water SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB This paper describes an approach to calculate the radiation efficiency of infinite plates subject to a point load for any frequency. The results obtained by this approach are valid for the radiation efficiency of point-driven finite plates in water with real world material properties for frequencies near and above coincidence. This approach can be used to guide experimental measurements and numerical calculations of radiation efficiency as the excitation frequency is increased for finite plates in water. The radiation efficiency calculation for an infinite plate for all frequencies is derived for the first time. The limitation of thin plate theory in this application is also assessed by comparing it with the thick plate theory used in this work. An important distinct behavior above the coincidence frequency in a heavy fluid is revealed through the calculation of the radiation efficiency and explained by the dispersion relation of an infinite plate fully coupled with a fluid. in contrast to the case of light fluid (e.g., air), the radiation efficiency in a heavy fluid (e.g., water) does not approach unity in the neighbourhood of the coincidence frequency but at a significantly higher frequency. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Su, JH (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,9500 MACARTHUR BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD DEC 4 PY 1997 VL 208 IS 3 BP 441 EP 455 DI 10.1006/jsvi.1997.1184 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA YL588 UT WOS:A1997YL58800006 ER PT J AU Smith, PA Gardner, DR Drown, DB Downs, G Jederberg, WW Still, K AF Smith, PA Gardner, DR Drown, DB Downs, G Jederberg, WW Still, K TI Detection of resin acid compounds in airborne particulate generated from rosin used as a soldering flux SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE abietic acid; aerosol; asthma; colophony; dehydroabietic acid; inhalation; rosin ID OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; CONTACT ALLERGY; COLOPHONY; PRODUCTS; FUMES; WORKERS; DERMATITIS AB Various uses of rosin and exposure to its resin acid constituents have been associated with dermal and pulmonary sensitization. Methodology is presented to detect resin acids common to rosin (such as abietic and dehydroabietic acid) found in aerosol from heated rosin flux. Air filtration, solvent filter extraction, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to provide qualitative and quantitative information on the resin acid content of aerosol produced during soldering with rosin flux. Abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid were identified and quantified in aerosol derived from healed rosin flux, in samples collected in the field and in laboratory generated samples. Other resin acids (including several apparently oxidized resin acids) were detected, but not quantified. laboratory mass balance experiments using soldering temperatures and liquid rosin flux showed that much of the nonvolatile material originally present in unheated flux may be captured on a sampling filter following heating and aerosolization. The data presented suggest that resin acids are a major component (with regard to mass) of the airborne contaminants produced during soldering with rosin flux. Abietic acid was shown to be unstable on sampling filters held for a period of weeks, while dehydroabietic acid and total solvent-soluble material were not found to degrade under the same conditions. Rosin aerosol produced in the laboratory using a soldering iron and liquid rosin flux produced particles shown to be of respirable size using scanning electron microscopy. C1 Utah State Univ, USN, Ctr Environm Toxicol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USN, Ctr Environm Toxicol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 58 IS 12 BP 868 EP 875 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1997)058<0868:DORACI>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YM588 UT WOS:000071079800005 PM 9425647 ER PT J AU Beal, FC AF Beal, FC TI Work styles SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Clin, Ancillary Serv, Portsmouth, NH 03804 USA. RP Beal, FC (reprint author), USN, Med Clin, Ancillary Serv, Portsmouth, NH 03804 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 54 IS 23 BP 2680 EP + PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YL784 UT WOS:000070992500011 PM 9408511 ER PT J AU Beecham, HJ Lebron, CI Echeverria, P AF Beecham, HJ Lebron, CI Echeverria, P TI Short report: Impact of traveler's diarrhea on United States troops deployed to Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; CIPROFLOXACIN; ANTIBODIES; THERAPY AB Among a United States military unit of 170 personnel deployed to Utapao, Thailand for a three-week training exercise, 40% experienced diarrheal disease, and 12% sought medical treatment for diarrhea. Most illness clustered within the first two weeks of arrival and individuals were ill an average of 3.6 days. Fifty-five percent of cases lost two days of work and 15% required treatment with intravenous fluids. Bacterial pathogens were recovered from 38% of 16 stools submitted, with Campylobacter jejuni the most common. Four (12.5%) of 32 persons who voluntarily submitted paired sera exhibited a four-fold increase in IgG antibody titer to C. jejuni. Traveler's diarrhea continues to be an important problem with a serious potential to impact the mission readiness of even small military units deployed overseas. C1 USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 6, Dept Trop Med, Pearl Harbor, HI 96860 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Dept Microbiol, Jakarta, Indonesia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Bacteriol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Beecham, HJ (reprint author), USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 6, Dept Trop Med, Pearl Harbor, HI 96860 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 57 IS 6 BP 699 EP 701 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YQ731 UT WOS:000071417600014 PM 9430530 ER PT J AU Jason, PK AF Jason, PK TI The wars we took to Vietnam: Cultural conflict and storytelling SO AMERICAN LITERATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Jason, PK (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0002-9831 J9 AM LIT JI Am. Lit. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 69 IS 4 BP 866 EP 867 DI 10.2307/2928366 PG 2 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA YN268 UT WOS:000071149900029 ER PT J AU Richter, RB Wardlaw, WP AF Richter, RB Wardlaw, WP TI Good matrices: Matrices that preserve ideals SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Article C1 USN ACAD,DEPT MATH,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. RP Richter, RB (reprint author), CARLETON UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,OTTAWA,ON K1S 5B6,CANADA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-9890 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 104 IS 10 BP 932 EP 938 DI 10.2307/2974474 PG 7 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA YK033 UT WOS:A1997YK03300005 ER PT J AU Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ Nadler, MP Yee, RY AF Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ Nadler, MP Yee, RY TI Aging in nonlinear optical polymer waveguides SO ANGEWANDTE MAKROMOLEKULARE CHEMIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual International Conference on Advances in the Stabilization and Degradation of Polymers CY JUN 09-11, 1997 CL LUZERN, SWITZERLAND ID SIDE-CHAIN POLYMERS; WAVE-GUIDES; AROMATIC POLYIMIDES; POLED POLYMER; CHROMOPHORES; RELAXATION; DESIGN; DYES AB The role that polymers will play as optical waveguides in the photonic communications revolution is described, including examples of polymer photonic devices, physical and optical requirements, aging mechanisms, competing materials, electric-field poled polymer films, room-temperature processed polymer films, and analytical methods for studying physical aging. Several important recent aging studies on nonlinear optical polymers, both thermoplastic and thermoset, are reviewed. C1 USN, Chem & Mat Branch 474220D, Res & Technol Div 1, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Lindsay, GA (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Branch 474220D, Res & Technol Div 1, Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0003-3146 J9 ANGEW MAKROMOL CHEM JI Angew. Makromol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 252 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1002/apmc.1997.052520111 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YN426 UT WOS:000071167400012 ER PT J AU Masliah, E Heaton, RK Marcotte, TD Ellis, RJ Wiley, CA Mallory, M Achim, CL McCutchan, JA Nelson, JA Atkinson, JH Grant, I Chandler, JL Wallace, MR Spector, SA Jernigan, T Hesselink, J Hansen, L Abramson, I Masys, D AF Masliah, E Heaton, RK Marcotte, TD Ellis, RJ Wiley, CA Mallory, M Achim, CL McCutchan, JA Nelson, JA Atkinson, JH Grant, I Chandler, JL Wallace, MR Spector, SA Jernigan, T Hesselink, J Hansen, L Abramson, I Masys, D CA HNRC Group TI Dendritic injury is a pathological substrate for human immunodeficiency virus-related cognitive disorders SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; HIV-INFECTION; CELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; NEOCORTICAL DAMAGE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEURONAL LOSS; ENCEPHALITIS; BRAIN; CORRELATE AB To determine the neuropathological substrate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders, we examined persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome before their death and related their antemortem neuropsychological performance to postmortem indicators of HIV encephalitis, viral burden, and presynaptic and postsynaptic neuronal injury. Of 20 prospectively examined cases, 9 were neurocognitively normal, 5 showed neuropsychological impairment, 5 had minor cognitive/motor disorder, and 1 was demented. Degree of neurocognitive impairment was strongly related to the amount of dendritic simplification based on microtubule-associated protein 2 immunohistochemical staining, somewhat less so to a semiquantitative viral burden score based on numbers of HIV gp41-immunoreactive cells, and much less so to the presence of multinucleated giant cells or microglial nodules. It appears that even milder neurocognitive impairment reflects microneuroanatomical injury to synaptic structures. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Psychiat Serv, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. Presbyterian Univ Hosp, Div Neuropathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. RP Masliah, E (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, Mail Code 0624,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Ellis, Ronald/K-3543-2015 OI Ellis, Ronald/0000-0003-4931-752X FU NIMH NIH HHS [P50-MH 45294] NR 53 TC 329 Z9 338 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 42 IS 6 BP 963 EP 972 DI 10.1002/ana.410420618 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YL255 UT WOS:000070935900017 PM 9403489 ER PT J AU Kowalski, MP Seely, JF Goray, LI Hunter, WR Rife, JC AF Kowalski, MP Seely, JF Goray, LI Hunter, WR Rife, JC TI Comparison of the calculated and the measured efficiencies of a normal-incidence grating in the 125-225-angstrom wavelength range SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; DIFFRACTION; REFLECTION AB The efficiency of a diffraction grating was measured near normal incidence in the 125-225-Angstrom wavelength range with synchrotron radiation. The grating pattern had 2400 grooves/mm and was recorded on a concave fused-silica blank by a holographic technique. The grooves were shaped by ion-beam etching to provide a facet with a blaze angle of 2.5 degrees as determined by atomic force microscopy. Because of the characteristics of the etching process the groove profile was approximately triangular, with the other facet inclined at an angle of 5.5 degrees to the surface. The measured efficiency was compared with the efficiency calculated by a computer program, small enough to run on a personal computer, that solved the periodic boundary-value problem corresponding to electromagnetic radiation incident on a diffraction grating with finite conductivity. The calculation was based on the nominal groove profile that was determined by atomic force microscopy. The measured and the calculated efficiencies were in good agreement. This investigation indicates that the diffraction efficiency of a normal-incidence grating can be calculated in the soft-x-ray region with a personal computer. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA INC,LANDOVER,MD 20785. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Goray, Leonid/D-4426-2013 OI Goray, Leonid/0000-0002-0381-9607 NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 34 BP 8939 EP 8943 DI 10.1364/AO.36.008939 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA YJ899 UT WOS:A1997YJ89900015 PM 18264447 ER PT J AU Lin, CH Pei, SS Le, HQ Meyer, JR Felix, CL AF Lin, CH Pei, SS Le, HQ Meyer, JR Felix, CL TI Low-threshold quasi-cw type-II quantum well lasers at wavelengths beyond 4 mu m SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POWER; TEMPERATURE; INASSB/GASB AB Optically pumped InAs/InGaSb/InAs/AlSb type-II quantum well lasers emitting from 4.1 to 4.36 mu m were operated up to 226 K with a characteristic temperature T-0 of 30 K. The absorbed threshold pump intensity at 0.98 mu m was 0.12 kW/cm(2) at 100 K, and 3.25 kW/cm(2) at 200 K with a pulse length of 5 mu s and a repetition rate of 2 kHz. At 73 K, the peak output power was 250 mW per facet with a pulse length of 10 mu s and a repetition rate of 10 kHz. A cw output power of 14.7 mW was observed at 74 K. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT,LINCOLN LAB,LEXINGTON,MA 02173. USN,RES LAB,DIV OPT SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. APPL OPTOELECT INC,HOUSTON,TX 77081. RP Lin, CH (reprint author), UNIV HOUSTON,CTR SPACE VACUUM EPITAXY,HOUSTON,TX 77204, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 22 BP 3281 EP 3283 DI 10.1063/1.120313 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YJ230 UT WOS:A1997YJ23000031 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JR McKenna, PA Langley, L Merz, SK Rasmussen, CW AF Lundgren, JR McKenna, PA Langley, L Merz, SK Rasmussen, CW TI The p-competition graphs of strongly connected and Hamiltonian digraphs SO ARS COMBINATORIA LA English DT Article AB Competition graphs were first introduced by Joel Cohen in the study of food webs and have since been extensively studied. Graphs which are the competition graph of a strongly connected or Hamiltonian digraph are of particular interest in applications to communication networks. It has been previously established that every graph without isolated vertices (except K-2) which is the competition graph of a, loopless digraph is also the competition graph of a strongly connected digraph. We establish an analogous result for one generalization of competition graphs, the p-competition graph. Furthermore, we establish some large classes of graphs, including trees, as the p-competition graph of a loopless Hamiltonian digraph and show that interval graphs on n greater than or equal to 4 vertices are the 2-competition graphs of loopless Hamiltonian digraphs. C1 Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Univ Pacific, Dept Math, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93949 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHARLES BABBAGE RES CTR PI WINNIPEG PA PO BOX 272 ST NORBERT POSTAL STATION, WINNIPEG, MB R3T 2N2, CANADA SN 0381-7032 J9 ARS COMBINATORIA JI ARS Comb. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 47 BP 161 EP 172 PG 12 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA YP891 UT WOS:000071326400016 ER PT J AU Fey, AL Eubanks, TM Kingham, KA AF Fey, AL Eubanks, TM Kingham, KA TI The proper motion of 4C 39.25 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHOCKED RELATIVISTIC JETS; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; RADIO-SOURCE POSITIONS; REFERENCE FRAME; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; 4C-39.25; 4C39.25 AB The radio source 4C 39.25 exhibited significant proper motion during the period 1986-1997 as observed by astrometric and geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). The observed astrometric proper motion for this source agrees well with the superluminal motion of the brightest component found in VLBI images. There is also good evidence that this component has been decelerating af a rate uf similar to 13.6 mu as yr(-2) since at least 1986. [S0004-6256(97)04112-5]. RP Fey, AL (reprint author), USN OBSERV,CODE EO,3450 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20392, USA. OI Eubanks, Thomas Marshall/0000-0001-9543-0414 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 114 IS 6 BP 2284 EP 2291 DI 10.1086/118648 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YL191 UT WOS:A1997YL19100009 ER PT J AU Hemenway, PD Duncombe, RL Bozyan, EP Lalich, AM Argue, AN Franz, OG McArthur, B Nelan, E Taylor, D White, G Benedict, GF Crifo, F Fredrick, LW Jefferys, WH Johnston, K Kovalevsky, J Kristian, J Perryman, MAC Preston, R Shelus, PJ Turon, C vanAltena, W AF Hemenway, PD Duncombe, RL Bozyan, EP Lalich, AM Argue, AN Franz, OG McArthur, B Nelan, E Taylor, D White, G Benedict, GF Crifo, F Fredrick, LW Jefferys, WH Johnston, K Kovalevsky, J Kristian, J Perryman, MAC Preston, R Shelus, PJ Turon, C vanAltena, W TI The program to link the HIPPARCOS reference frame to an extragalactic reference system using the fine guidance sensors of the Hubble Space Telescope SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; STARS AB The Hipparcos Satellite Mission has produced positions, proper motions, and parallaxes of unprecedented accuracy for 118,000 stars. For the positions and proper motions to represent true directions and physical motions in space, they must refer to an accurate realization of a nonrotating (inertial) reference frame. One of the major problems confronting the Hipparcos Project was the determination of the relationship of the satellite coordinate system to the best available celestial coordinate system, hopefully at an accuracy approaching the systematic accuracy of the Hipparcos satellite itself. In 1978 we recognized the possibility of using the Fine Guidance Sensors of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to measure the Hipparcos coordinate offset and its time variation with respect to extragalactic objects, and we undertook that project. The first HST observation for the project was made in 1993 April, and the last observation used in the solution was made in 1995 October. The HST data consist of accurate angular separations of Extragalactic Objects from Hipparcos stars. Ultimately the HST solution was incorporated with other techniques to form the final link between Hipparcos and the International Celestial Reference System. This link determined the final catalogue system for the published Hipparcos data. We describe the problem, the instrumentation of the two space missions, the limitations imposed by the missions on the observations, the reduction and analysis procedures, and the final results with respect to the final Hipparcos solution. We determine the relation of the Hipparcos coordinate axes with respect to the ICRS coordinate axes from the HST, Hipparcos, and VLBI data alone. The rms uncertainties are about 2 milliarcseconds for the angular offsets and about 2.5 milliarcseconds/yr for the angular rotations. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. [S0004-6256(97)03612-1]. C1 UNIV TEXAS, DEPT AEROSP ENGN, CTR SPACE RES, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. UNIV RHODE ISL, DEPT PHYS, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA. UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND. LOWELL OBSERV, FLAGSTAFF, AZ 86001 USA. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV WESTERN SYDNEY NEPEAN, NEPEAN, ON, CANADA. OBSERV PARIS, MEUDON, FRANCE. UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT ASTRON, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. UNIV TEXAS, DEPT ASTRON, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. USN OBSERV, WASHINGTON, DC 20392 USA. CERGA, OBSERV COTE AZUR, GRASSE, FRANCE. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON OBSERV, PASADENA, CA 91101 USA. ESA, NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS. CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, PASADENA, CA USA. YALE UNIV, DEPT ASTRON, NEW HAVEN, CT 06511 USA. RP Hemenway, PD (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS, MCDONALD OBSERV, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. OI Perryman, Michael/0000-0002-3953-4750 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 114 IS 6 BP 2796 EP 2810 DI 10.1086/118688 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YL191 UT WOS:A1997YL19100049 ER PT J AU Stone, RC AF Stone, RC TI Astrometric calibration regions along the celestial equator SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOTOMETRIC STANDARD STARS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; REFERENCE FRAME; REFRACTION; SYSTEM AB This paper presents accurate J2000 equatorial coordinates and magnitudes for 661 591 stars observed in 16 astrometric calibration regions located around the celestial equator. The size of each region is about 7.60 degrees x 3.2 degrees and includes large numbers of stars (18 799 to 91 058 stars) at high stellar densities (770 to 3720 stars deg(-2)) and with magnitudes 9.50.1 MeV electrons; (3) the accelerated alpha/proton ratio was closer to 0.5 than to 0.1; (4) there is evidence for a decrease of the accelerated heavy ion-to-proton ratio as the flare progressed; (5) there is evidence for a temporal change in the composition of the flare plasma; (6) the ratio of electron bremsstrahlung to the flux in narrow gamma-ray lines decreased as the flare progressed; (7) the high-energy (>16 MeV) component of the electron spectrum was much more impulsive than the lower energy similar to MeV component; (8) a model-dependent upper limit of 2.3 x 10(-5) was obtained for the photospheric He-3/H abundance ratio; and (9) energetic ions may have been present for several hours prior to and following the impulsive phase of the flare. C1 UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,WASHINGTON,DC 20024. RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,CODE 7650,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 70 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 490 IS 2 BP 883 EP 900 DI 10.1086/304902 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YJ454 UT WOS:A1997YJ45400041 ER PT J AU Chen, J Howard, RA Brueckner, GE Santoro, R Krall, J Paswaters, SE StCyr, OC Schwenn, R Lamy, P Simnett, GM AF Chen, J Howard, RA Brueckner, GE Santoro, R Krall, J Paswaters, SE StCyr, OC Schwenn, R Lamy, P Simnett, GM TI Evidence of an erupting magnetic flux rope: LASCO coronal mass ejection of 1997 April 13 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars, coronae; stars, magnetic fields; sun, corona; sun, magnetic fields ID LOOP TRANSIENTS; PROMINENCES; DISCONNECTION; TOPOLOGY; CLOUDS AB A coronal mass ejection (CME) observed by LASCO exhibits evidence that its magnetic field geometry is that of a flux rope. The dynamical properties throughout the fields of view of C2 and C3 telescopes are examined. The results are compared with theoretical predictions based on a model of solar flux ropes. It is shown that the LASCO observations are consistent with a two-dimensional projection of a three-dimensional magnetic flux rope with legs that remain connected to the Sun. C1 INTERFEROMETR INC,CHANTILLY,VA 22021. COMPUTAT PHYS INC,FAIRFAX,VA 22031. MAX PLANCK INST AERON,D-37189 KATLENBURG DUHM,GERMANY. ASTRON SPATIALE LAB,F-13376 MARSEILLE 12,FRANCE. UNIV BIRMINGHAM,DEPT PHYS & SPACE RES,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP Chen, J (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 25 TC 168 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 490 IS 2 BP L191 EP & DI 10.1086/311029 PN 2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YJ477 UT WOS:A1997YJ47700017 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Mariska, JT Wilhelm, K AF Warren, HP Mariska, JT Wilhelm, K TI Observations of Doppler shifts in a solar polar coronal hole SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line, profiles; sun, transition region; sun, UV radiation ID TRANSITION REGION; OUTFLOW; FLOWS AB Using observations from the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation experiment flown on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft, we have measured Doppler wavelength shifts in the north polar coronal hole in the 1032 and 1038 Angstrom emission Lines of O VI and the 1036 and 1037 Angstrom emission lines of C II relative to chromospheric emission lines. These observations were obtained on 1996 November 2 when the north polar coronal hole boundary extended southward to about 750 '' (cos theta = 0.65). Our measurements indicate the presence of average net redshifts in coronal holes at temperatures of less than 2.9 x 10(5) K. Measurements of systematic wavelength shifts in the Ne VIII resonance lines relative to the quiet Sun suggest a transition to average net outflows near 6.3 x 10(5) K in the coronal hole. C1 MAX PLANCK INST AERON,D-37191 KATLENBURG DUHM,GERMANY. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,CODE 7670,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 490 IS 2 BP L187 EP & DI 10.1086/311041 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YJ477 UT WOS:A1997YJ47700016 ER PT J AU Emanuel, K Kalnay, E Bishop, C Elsberry, R Gelaro, R Keyser, D Lord, S Rogers, D Shapiro, M Snyder, C Velden, C AF Emanuel, K Kalnay, E Bishop, C Elsberry, R Gelaro, R Keyser, D Lord, S Rogers, D Shapiro, M Snyder, C Velden, C TI Observations in aid of weather prediction for North America: Report of Prospectus Development Team Seven SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SENSITIVITY; FORECAST; IMPACT; ADJOINT; MODEL AB One of the most significant impediments to progress in forecasting weather over North America is the relative paucity of routine observations over data-sparse regions adjacent to the United States. Prospectus Development Team Seven was convened to consider ways to promote research that seeks to determine implementations of observing systems that are optimal for weather prediction in the United States. An "optimal" measurement system is considered to be one that maximizes the ratio of societal benefit to overall cost. The thrust of the conclusions is that existing means of estimating the value of current observing systems and the potential benefits of new or proposed observing systems are underutilized. At the same time, no rational way exists for comparing the cost of observations across the spectrum of federal agencies responsible for measuring the atmosphere and ocean. The authors suggest that a rational procedure for configuring an observation system that is optimal for weather prediction would consist of the following steps. 1) Identify specific forecast problems arising from insufficient data. Examples might include hurricane landfall and intensity forecasts, 24-h forecasts of intense extratropical cyclones affecting the West Coast and Alaska, and medium-range forecasts of severe weather for all of North America. 2) Use contemporary modeling techniques, such as observing system simulation experiments, ensemble forecasting, and model adjoint-derived sensitivities, to delineate measurement requirements for each specific forecasting problem and identify candidate observing systems and data assimilation techniques that could be brought to bear on each problem. 3) Estimate the incremental forecast improvements that could plausibly result from the added or reconfigured data and the societal benefits that would accrue from such improvements. 4) Estimate the overall cost (to the nation, not to specific federal agencies) of obtaining the data by the various candidate techniques and the benefits that are projected to result. 5) Use standard cost-benefit analysis as a basis for deciding the optimal deployment of measuring systems. The authors believe that a rational approach to atmospheric measurement is critical to further improvements in weather prediction and that such improvements might very well be made within the current budget of routine observations, integrated across all of the responsible federal agencies. This document outlines a proposed strategy for rationalizing atmosphere observations in aid of weather prediction in the United States. The paper begins with a summary of recommendations. C1 MIT, Ctr Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA. Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. USN, Res Labs, Monterey, CA USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Emanuel, K (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Kalnay, Eugenia/F-4393-2010; OI Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 78 IS 12 BP 2859 EP 2868 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YZ885 UT WOS:000072304100009 ER PT J AU Pecora, LM Carroll, TL Johnson, GA Mar, DJ Heagy, JF AF Pecora, LM Carroll, TL Johnson, GA Mar, DJ Heagy, JF TI Fundamentals of synchronization in chaotic systems, concepts, and applications SO CHAOS LA English DT Review ID COUPLED-OSCILLATOR-SYSTEMS; ON-OFF INTERMITTENCY; FRACTAL BASIN BOUNDARIES; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; GENERALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; TIME-SERIES; LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; DIMENSION INCREASE; STABILITY THEORY; RIDDLED BASINS AB The field of chaotic synchronization has grown considerably since its advent in 1990. Several subdisciplines and "cottage industries" have emerged that have taken on boon fide lives of their own. Our purpose in this paper is to collect results From these various areas in a review article format with a tutorial emphasis. Fundamentals of chaotic synchronization are reviewed first with emphases an the geometry of synchronization and stability criteria. Several widely used coupling configurations are examined and, when available, experimental demonstrations of their :success (generally with chaotic circuit systems) are described. Particular focus is given to the recent notion of synchronous substitution-a method to synchronize chaotic systems using a larger class of scalar chaotic coupling signals than previously thought possible, Connections between this technique and well-known control theory results are also outlined, Extensions of the technique are presented that allow so-called. hyperchaotic systems (systems with more than one positive Lyapunov exponent) to be synchronized. Several proposals for "secure" communication schemes have been advanced: major ones are reviewed and their strengths and weaknesses are touched upon. Arrays of coupled chaotic systems have received a great deal of attention lately and have spawned a host of interesting and, in some cases, counterintuitive phenomena including bursting above synchronization thresholds, destabilizing transitions as coupling increases (short-wavelength bifurcations), and riddled basins. Ln addition, a general mathematical framework for analyzing the stability of arrays with arbitrary coupling configurations is outlined. Finally, the topic of generalized synchronization is discussed, along with data analysis techniques that can be used to decide whether two systems satisfy the mathematical requirements of generalized synchronization. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Def Anal, Div Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6343, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 116 TC 503 Z9 518 U1 8 U2 43 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 1997 VL 7 IS 4 BP 520 EP 543 DI 10.1063/1.166278 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA YM630 UT WOS:000071084000003 ER PT J AU In, V Spano, ML Neff, JD Ditto, WL Daw, CS Edwards, KD Nguyen, K AF In, V Spano, ML Neff, JD Ditto, WL Daw, CS Edwards, KD Nguyen, K TI Maintenance of chaos in a computational model of a thermal pulse combustor SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATION; SYSTEMS; CRISIS AB The dynamics of a thermal pulse combustor model are examined. it is found that, as a parameter related to the fuel flow rate is varied, the combustor will undergo a transition from periodic pulsing to chaotic pulsing to a chaotic transient leading to flameout. Results from the numerical model are compared to those obtained from a laboratory-scale thermal pulse combustor. Finally the technique of maintenance (or anticontrol) of chaos is successfully applied to the model, with the result that the operation of the combustor can be continued well into the flameout regime. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Lab, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP In, V (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Lab, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Spano, Mark/B-6883-2011; OI Ditto, William/0000-0002-7416-8012 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 1997 VL 7 IS 4 BP 605 EP 613 DI 10.1063/1.166260 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA YM630 UT WOS:000071084000010 ER PT J AU Ding, MZ Ding, EJ Ditto, WL Gluckman, B In, V Peng, JH Spano, ML Yang, WM AF Ding, MZ Ding, EJ Ditto, WL Gluckman, B In, V Peng, JH Spano, ML Yang, WM TI Control and synchronization of chaos in high dimensional systems: Review of some recent results SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID UNSTABLE PERIODIC-ORBITS; BELOUSOV-ZHABOTINSKY REACTION; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; STEADY-STATES; TIME-SERIES; PROPORTIONAL FEEDBACK; SPATIOTEMPORAL CHAOS; ADAPTIVE-CONTROL; TRACKING; STABILIZATION AB Controlling chaos and synchronization of chaos have evolved for a number of years as essentially two separate areas of research. Only recently it has been realized that both subjects share a common root in control theory. In addition, as limitations of low dimensional chaotic systems in modeling real world phenomena become increasingly apparent, investigations into the control and sychronization of high dimensional chaotic systems are beginning to attract more interest. We review some recent advances in control and synchronization of chaos in high dimensional systems. Efforts will be made to stress the common origins of the two subjects. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Math Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Low Energy Nucl Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. CCAST, World Lab, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Appl Chaos Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20010 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. NE Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China. RP Ding, MZ (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RI Spano, Mark/B-6883-2011; OI Gluckman, Bruce/0000-0001-7695-2225; Ditto, William/0000-0002-7416-8012 NR 86 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 1997 VL 7 IS 4 BP 644 EP 652 DI 10.1063/1.166284 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA YM630 UT WOS:000071084000014 ER PT J AU Schwartz, IB Carr, TW Triandaf, I AF Schwartz, IB Carr, TW Triandaf, I TI Tracking controlled chaos: Theoretical foundations and applications SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID UNSTABLE PERIODIC-ORBITS; SELF-CONTROLLING FEEDBACK; MULTIMODE LASER; DIODE RESONATOR; STEADY-STATES; TIME-SERIES; ADAPTIVE-CONTROL; SYSTEMS; MODEL; STABILIZATION AB Tracking controlled states over a large range of accessible parameters is a process which allows for the experimental continuation of unstable states in both chaotic and non-chaotic parameter regions of interest. In algorithmic form, tracking allows experimentalists to examine many of the unstable states responsible for much of the observed nonlinear dynamic phenomena. Here: we present a theoretical foundation for tracking cent-roiled states from both dynamical systems as well as control theoretic viewpoints. The theory is constructive and shows explicitly how to track a curve of unstable states as a parameter is changed. Applications of the theory to various forms Of control currently used in dynamical system experiments are discussed. Examples from both numerical and physical experiments are given to illustrate the wide range of tracking applications. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Appl Phys Operat, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6700-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 67 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 1997 VL 7 IS 4 BP 664 EP 679 DI 10.1063/1.166285 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA YM630 UT WOS:000071084000016 ER PT J AU Mar, DJ Pecora, LM Rachford, FJ Carroll, TL AF Mar, DJ Pecora, LM Rachford, FJ Carroll, TL TI Dynamics of transients in yttrium-iron-garnet SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSTATIC MODES; CONTROLLING CHAOS; FILMS AB Yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) is an important technological material used in microwave devices. in this paper we use dual microwave (1-4 GHz) drives to study the dynamical bifurcation behavior of magnetostatic and spin-wave modes in YIG spheres and rectangular films. The samples are placed in a de magnetic field and driven by cw and pulse-modulated microwave excitations at magnetostatic mode frequencies. A second microwave drive applied to the sample excites additional spin-wave modes that can interact with those arising from the original excitation and thereby affect the transmission characteristics at the primary frequency. We find a significant decrease in transmission of the primary when the secondary frequency is tuned to approximately half that of the primary drive. This decrease is observed both in the steady state behavior and in the initial overshoot transient associated with pulse modulation of the primary excitation. Results such as these are often treated by extending linear theory to include higher order interaction terms. Herein we present a simple dynamical model that reproduces results that qualitatively resemble the experimental data. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mar, DJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, 44 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 1997 VL 7 IS 4 BP 803 EP 809 DI 10.1063/1.166280 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA YM630 UT WOS:000071084000028 ER PT J AU Bui, TX AF Bui, TX TI PRIISM workshop on information technology policy and national information infrastructure in Pacific Asia SO DATA BASE FOR ADVANCES IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, PRIISM, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0095-0033 J9 DATA BASE ADV INF SY JI Data Base Adv. Inf. Syst. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP A10 EP A13 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA ZJ356 UT WOS:000073206000004 ER PT J AU Lantz, SE Montgomery, MT Schultz, WW Pritchard, PH Spargo, BJ Mueller, JG AF Lantz, SE Montgomery, MT Schultz, WW Pritchard, PH Spargo, BJ Mueller, JG TI Constituents of an organic wood preservative that inhibit the fluoranthene-degrading activity of Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain EPA505 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CREOSOTE; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; BIOREMEDIATION; BIODEGRADATION; HYDROCARBONS; DEGRADATION; TOXICITY AB Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain EPA505 is capable of utilizing many components of coal tar creosote as sole sources of carbon and energy for bacterial growth, including fluoranthene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). During several bioremediation studies, however, we observed that the fluoranthene degradative activity of strain EPA505 was inhibited by the presence of undefined creosote constituents. In practice, integration of a pretreatment step prior to inoculation with strain EPA505 was necessary to facilitate the biodegradation of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. Experiments were thus initiated to determine which compound classes in creosote inhibited fluoranthene metabolism by strain EPA505. Creosote was fractionated by solvent extraction at various pH, and three chemical classes were examined: acid (phenolics), base (N-heterocyclics), and neutral (PAH). The mineralization rate of C-14-labeled fluoranthene and cell viability were examined in the presence of these creosote fractions at a range of concentrations. These studies confirm that strain EPA505 has differing susceptibility to the effects of the three classes of creosote constituents. The observed order of toxicity/inhibition was basic fraction > acidic fraction > neutral fraction. These studies provide engineering guidelines and define contamination ranges under which strain EPA505 can be used most effectively as a catalyst in bioremediation (Figure 4). C1 SBP TECHNOL INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. GEOCENTERS INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 31 IS 12 BP 3573 EP 3580 DI 10.1021/es9703234 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YJ882 UT WOS:A1997YJ88200057 ER PT J AU O'Sullivan, DW Hanson, AK Kester, DR AF O'Sullivan, DW Hanson, AK Kester, DR TI The distribution and redox chemistry of iron in the Pettaquamscutt Estuary SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE iron; oxidation; reduction; distribution; anoxic; estuarine ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; SUBNANOMOLAR LEVELS; ANOXIC BASIN; WATER COLUMN; BLACK-SEA; SEAWATER; OXIDATION; KINETICS; FE(II) AB A series of high resolution (10 cm) vertical profiles of iron were determined across the oxic/anoxic boundary in the Lower Pond of the Pettaquamscutt Estuary. Selective chemical treatments and multiple analytical methods were used to determine the oxidation state and lability of iron across the oxic/anoxic boundary. The vertical distributions of dissolved and total iron were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and dissolved Fe(II) and reducible iron were determined using a modified Ferrozine spectrophotometric method. Well-developed maxima of total dissolved iron approximate to 7.5 mu M occurred within the oxic/anoxic transition zone. Analysis of Fe(II) by the FZ method indicates that more than 95% of the dissolved iron determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy within the maximum is in the form of Fe(II). The concentration of dissolved Fe(II) ranged from <4 nM in oxygenated surface waters to between 7 and 8 mu M at the total dissolved iron maximum. Both dissolved and total iron samples were treated with ascorbic acid to quantify the fraction of iron that was reducible in this system. Dissolved iron is quantitatively reduced to Fe(II) by 3.5 m depth, and particulate iron was almost completely dissolved by 6 m. Thermodynamic speciation calculations indicate that the dominant species of Fe(TI) in the anoxic waters is the Fe(HS)(+) complex. In addition, the concentration of Fe(II) in the anoxic zone appears to be controlled by precipitation of a sulfide phase, the ion activity product for waters below 7 m is in good agreement with the solubility product of mackinawite. The vertical distribution of oxidation states of the metals indicates non-equilibrium conditions due to microbiological and chemical processes occurring in the redox transition zone. A one-dimensional vertical, eddy diffusion model is presented that incorporates redox reactions of iron, sulfide and oxygen. The modeling suggests the maximum in Fe(II) can be achieved through inorganic oxidation and reduction reactions, however the depth at which the maximum occurs is sensitive to sulfide oxidation, which appears to be dominated by biological oxidation. The magnitude of the Fe(II) maximum depends on the flux of iron into the basin, and reductive dissolution of particulate iron. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP O'Sullivan, DW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 6 BP 769 EP 788 DI 10.1006/ecss.1997.0239 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA YR164 UT WOS:000071466700007 ER PT J AU Kaufman, JW AF Kaufman, JW TI Dependence of human respiratory thermal washout on extrathoracic airway conditions SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE asthma; breathing; cold exposure; cold-induced bronchospasms; respiration; thermoregulation ID HEAT-EXCHANGE; WATER; TEMPERATURES; MOUTH AB Thermal washout curves hare been proposed as noninvasive tools for analysing lower airway dimensions and pulmonary blood flow, but how upper airway heat transfer affects these washout curves is unclear, The present study was designed to compare extrathoracic and tracheobronchial contributions to thermal washout curves, Respiratory frequency, air ambient temperature, and body core temperature (tc) were varied in sis male subjects before and after immersion in cold (1.1 degrees C) water for up to 2 h under three conditions: 1) control: ambient temperature (tamb) = USA 25 degrees C, rectal temperature change (Delta tre) = O degrees C; 2) pre-immersion: tamb = 4 degrees C, Delta tre = 0 degrees C; and 3) post-immersion: tamb = 25 degrees C, Delta tre = -0.7 degrees C, Both peak expiratory nasal (tpn) and oral (tpo) airstream temperatures were measured, Each subject was tested twice, Expiratory tpo was generally higher than tpn in all conditions, Increasing breathing rates lowered tpn and tpo in the control and cold air environments. Orifice temperatures, which are presumed to reflect upper airway blood temperatures, correlated, with both tpn and tpo, Lowering tr had no effect on washout curves during quiet breathing and affected only tpn during rapid breathing, The results suggest that while tracheobronchial conditions may contribute to thermal washout curl es, extrathoracic conditions predominate, Strong correlations between orifice temperatures, peak expiratory nasal temperatures and peak expiratory oral temperature demonstrate the dominant role of upper airway heat exchange in determining thermal washout curves. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Human Performance Technol Branch, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. RP Kaufman, JW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, S Engn Ctr, Bldg 2187 Suite 2280,48110 Shaw Rd Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2778 EP 2783 DI 10.1183/09031936.97.10122778 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA YV707 UT WOS:000071854700018 PM 9493660 ER PT J AU Phillips, WT Klipper, R Fresne, D Rudolph, AS Javors, M Goins, B AF Phillips, WT Klipper, R Fresne, D Rudolph, AS Javors, M Goins, B TI Platelet reactivity with liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin in the rat SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH); liposomes; thrombocytopenia; indium-111-labeled platelets ID STERICALLY STABILIZED LIPOSOMES; PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; ANESTHETIZED RATS; BLOOD SUBSTITUTE; CIRCULATION; BIODISTRIBUTION; AGGREGATION; RESPONSES; SYSTEM AB Infusion of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) induces a transient thrombocytopenia in rats (Rabinovici R. Rudolph AS, Ligler FS, Smith EF, III, Feuerstein G [1992] Biological responses to exchange transfusion with liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin. Circ Shock 37:124). A specific mechanism such as a localization of platelets during this transient LEH-induced thrombocytopenia has not been reported previously in the literature. In this study, platelets were isolated and labeled with indium-111 (In-111), then retransfused into the same animal. Fifteen minutes after the In-111 platelets were retransfused and allowed to equilibrate with the blood pool, a 10% top load volume of either LEH (1.8 mL, 262 mg phospholipid/kg body weight, 92 mg hemoglobin (Hb)/kg body weight), liposome vehicle (LV) (1.8 mL, 262 mg phospholipid/kg body weight), or free bovine Hb (1.8 mL, 92 mg Hb/kg body weight) (n=6 per group) was infused. Serial blood samples were drawn to determine platelet counts by radioactivity and light scattering methods. LV and Hb demonstrated no significant changes from baseline levels in circulating platelet levels, whereas LEH caused a transient 50% decrease in In-111 platelet activity 2-5 minutes postinfusion, which returned to baseline levels by 15 minutes. Platelet counts based on traditional light scattering methods were not significantly different among the three treatment groups over this same time course. Localization of these In-111 platelets was monitored with a gamma scintigraphic camera. After infusion of LEH, In-111 platelets rapidly moved out of the circulation and sequestered in the lungs and liver with subsequent return to the circulation by 15 minutes. In contrast, no significant changes in In-111 platelet activity were noted in the lungs and liver after infusion of LV and Hb. In-111 platelet activity in the spleen nearly doubled 30 minutes after Hb infusion and was significantly different than spleen In-111 platelet activity in the LEH and LV groups. In vitro platelet aggregation studies were also performed to determine the direct effect of LEH, LV, and Hb on platelet aggregation. The rate of thrombin-induced aggregation did not differ among control samples and samples containing LEH, LV, or Hb; none of these agents induced platelet aggregation. We conclude that LEH-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with a transient (within minutes) sequestration of platelets in the lungs and liver, with subsequent release to the circulation within 15 minutes. Tetrameric bovine Hb is associated with increased platelet accumulation in the spleen. Light scattering methods for measuring platelet levels in blood samples containing LEH are unreliable because of particulate interference. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. USN,RES LAB,CBMSE,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Phillips, WT (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT RADIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284, USA. RI Goins, Beth/F-1311-2010; Phillips, William/E-8427-2010 OI Phillips, William/0000-0001-8248-7817 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL53052] NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 13 BP 1347 EP 1356 PG 10 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YL288 UT WOS:A1997YL28800007 PM 9406994 ER PT J AU Saylor, JR AF Saylor, JR TI Measurements of differential diffusion in a liquid-filled lung model SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID VENTILATION; FLOW AB A noninvasive method for obtaining quantitative images of differential diffusion in liquid-filled lung models is presented. The method utilizes planar fluorescence imaging to obtain differences in concentration fields and was tested on an oscillatory flow of water in a Y-shaped tube. Differences as large as 36% were measured between the concentration fields of two dyes having a factor of 15 difference in their diffusion coefficient. The method is applicable to the study of differential diffusion in any internal flow. The relevance to recent clinical studies of liquid phase respiration (Greenspan et al. 1990) is discussed. C1 Yale Univ, Mason Lab, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Saylor, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD DEC PY 1997 VL 23 IS 6 BP 498 EP 503 DI 10.1007/s003480050140 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA YP498 UT WOS:000071283600006 ER PT J AU McGeoch, MW Corcoran, PA Altes, RG Smith, ID Bodner, SE Lehmberg, RH Obenschain, SP Sethian, JD AF McGeoch, MW Corcoran, PA Altes, RG Smith, ID Bodner, SE Lehmberg, RH Obenschain, SP Sethian, JD TI Conceptual design of a 2-MJ KrF laser fusion facility SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM; PERFORMANCE; ABSORPTION; GAIN AB A detailed KrF amplifier model is first benchmarked against new data and then used to design higher-energy modules with segmented pumping. It is found that segmentation with unpumped regions does not carry with it any penalty in efficiency because the distributed geometry has reduced losses from amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) that counteract the fluorine absorption of unpumped regions. A 68-kJ module is designed, incorporating a new water line geometry and a combined switch/bushing. The electrical parameters of the module are calculated in detail. The effect of multiplexed beamline energy on facility size is discussed, and an energy of 100 to 200 kJ is found to be optimal. Two 68-kJ modules are combined in a 136-kJ multiplexed beam line, incorporating incoherent spatial imaging, that fits within a compact beam tunnel. A total of 16 such beam lines are arranged on four floors to deliver 64 beams to a target; the net energy is 2.0 MJ. Detailed calculations of pre-pulse ASE energy are given, and the levels are designed to be low enough not to initiate a prepulse plasma. The basic geometrical uniformity of target illumination is shown to be better than 0.3% for a 64-beam illumination geometry that has a high degree of symmetry. A test of the 68-kJ module would be necessary to verify the projected specific laser energy and facilitate more detailed design of this fusion laser. C1 PLEX Corp, Brookline, MA 02146 USA. Titan Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McGeoch, MW (reprint author), PLEX Corp, 21 Addington Rd, Brookline, MA 02146 USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 610 EP 643 PG 34 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA YL789 UT WOS:000070993000008 ER PT J AU Lavoie, DL Richardson, MD Holmes, C AF Lavoie, DL Richardson, MD Holmes, C TI Benthic boundary layer processes in the Lower Florida Keys SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB This special issue of Geo-Marine Letters, "Benthic Boundary Layer Processes in the Lower Florida Keys," includes 12 papers that present preliminary results from the Key West Campaign. The Dry Tortugas and Marquesas Keys test sites were selected by a group of 115 scientists and technicians to study benthic boundary layer processes in a carbonate environment controlled by bioturbation and biogeochemical processes. Major activities included remote sediment classification; high-frequency acoustic scattering experiments; sediment sampling for radiological, geotechnical, biological, biogeochemical, physical, and geoacoustic studies; and hydrodynamic studies using an instrumented tetrapod. All these data are being used to improve our understanding of the effects of environmental processes on sediment structure and behavior. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lavoie, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s003670050032 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA YP537 UT WOS:000071287800001 ER PT J AU Mallinson, D Locker, S Hafen, M Naar, D Hine, A Lavoie, D Schock, S AF Mallinson, D Locker, S Hafen, M Naar, D Hine, A Lavoie, D Schock, S TI A high resolution geological and geophysical investigation of the Dry Tortugas carbonate depositional environment SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOLOMITE AB Geophysical surveys and ground truth data are compared from a site in the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Seismic data reveal six depositional sequences bounded by high-amplitude reflectors interpreted as subaerial unconformities. Chirp sonar data reveal structure within the Holocene depositional sequence that is correlated to ground truth data. Sedimentary units within the Holocene sequence record a transition from a low-energy, lagoonal environment, to a high-energy, shallow marine environment, to a moderate-energy, slightly deeper marine environment. Forward modeling and impedance inversion reveal good agreement between sediment physical properties, acoustic properties measured by the electric logger, and the chirp sonar data. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Ocean Engn, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Mallinson, D (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, 140 7Th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s003670050033 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA YP537 UT WOS:000071287800002 ER PT J AU Walter, DJ Lambert, DN Young, DC Stephens, KP AF Walter, DJ Lambert, DN Young, DC Stephens, KP TI Mapping sediment acoustic impedance using remote sensing acoustic techniques in a shallow-water carbonate environment SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Real-time trackline plots of surficial sediment acoustic impedance delineate several sedimentary facies off Garden Key in the Dry Tortugas. The sea floor within a 6 x 6 km surveyed area consists of carbonate muds (silts), sands and shell, rock, and live corals. The 4-kHz acoustic data supports this finding by providing a pictographic representation of the distribution and structure of several sediment facies types. Plotting the gridded acoustic data with commercial mapping software (Surfer) provides a three-dimensional (3D) perspective of the bottom topography with a color contour map of surficial sediment impedance (upper 0.4 m) draped over the 3D surface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Walter, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7431, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 260 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s003670050036 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA YP537 UT WOS:000071287800005 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Lavoie, D Stephens, K AF Furukawa, Y Lavoie, D Stephens, K TI Effect of biogeochemical diagenesis on sediment fabric in shallow marine carbonate sediments near the Dry Tortugas, Florida SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION; CHEMISTRY; WATER; BAY AB Shallow marine carbonate sediments near the Dry Tortugas undergo extensive biogeochemical diagenesis upon deposition, resulting in postdepositional fabric comprised of micritic aggregates of clay-sized particles, a matrix of peloidal mud, and intraparticular cementation. Freshly deposited primary skeletons, mostly Halimeda fragments, yield micritic aggregates of clay-sized particles, which then form peloidal mud fabric upon compaction. The cryptocrystalline particles produced by micritization are later replaced by high magnesian calcite. Cementation is observed in the intra-particular microenvironment. However, no inter-particular, grain-binding cement was detected throughout the gravity core samples investigated. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Inst Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Inst Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s003670050039 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA YP537 UT WOS:000071287800008 ER PT J AU Stephens, KP Fleischer, P Lavoie, D Brunner, C AF Stephens, KP Fleischer, P Lavoie, D Brunner, C TI Scale-dependent physical and geoacoustic property variability of shallow-water carbonate sediments from the Dry Tortugas, Florida SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Spatial variability of shallow-water carbonate sediments near Dry Tortugas, Florida, is scale-dependent. Wet bulk density, grain density, porosity, compressional wave velocity, and grain size variability generally increase down to 2.4 m vertically and 850 m laterally. Grain size is most variable, followed by porosity, wet bulk density, compressional wave velocity, and grain density both vertically and laterally, consistent with Walther's Law. Variability was empirically modeled by linear regression analysis to predict variability based on scale, characterize sediment property variability, and quantify sediment isotropy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Inst Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Stephens, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Brunner, Charlotte/A-9705-2014 OI Brunner, Charlotte/0000-0002-6200-167X NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s003670050041 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA YP537 UT WOS:000071287800010 ER PT J AU Briggs, KB Richardson, MD AF Briggs, KB Richardson, MD TI Small-scale fluctuations in acoustic and physical properties in surficial carbonate sediments and their relationship to bioturbation SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-FLOOR; SCATTERING; BACKSCATTER; MODELS AB Measurements of physical and acoustic properties within the top 40 cm of sediment indicate that there are three classes of parameter variability relevant to acoustic bottom scattering at the Marquesas Keys and Dry Tortugas sites. The three classes of variability, spatially and temporally different in terms of scale, are generated by biological and physical processes acting on sediments. Interplay of bioturbation, trawling and storm events create fine laminations of sand-silt-clay and high gravel-size mollusk shell content at the Marquesas Keys site; the predominance of biological processes creates strong surficial gradients and lateral variability in sediment properties at the Dry Tortugas site. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Briggs, KB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 306 EP 315 DI 10.1007/s003670050042 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA YP537 UT WOS:000071287800011 ER PT J AU Richardson, MD Lavoie, DL Briggs, KB AF Richardson, MD Lavoie, DL Briggs, KB TI Geoacoustic and physical properties of carbonate sediments of the Lower Florida Keys SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARINE SEDIMENT; SEA; VELOCITY; BASIN AB Near-surface sediment geoacoustic and physical properties were measured from a variety of unconsolidated carbonate sediments in the Lower Florida Keys. Surficial values of compressional and shear speed correlate with sediment physical properties and near-surface acoustic reflectivity. Highest speeds (shear 125-150 m s(-1); compressional 1670-1725 ms(-1)) are from sandy sediments near Rebecca Shoal and lowest speeds (shear 40-65 ms(-1); compressional 1520-1570 ms(-1)) are found in soft, silty sediments which collect in sediment ponds in the Southeast Channel of the Dry Tortugas. High compressional wave attenuation is attributed to scattering of acoustic waves from heterogeneity caused by accumulation of abundant shell material and other impedance discontinuities rather than high intrinsic attenuation. Compared to siliciclastic sediments, carbonate sediment shear wave speed is high for comparable values of sediment physical properties. Sediment fabric, rather than changes due to the effects of biogeochemical processes, is responsible for these differences. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Richardson, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 316 EP 324 DI 10.1007/s003670050043 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA YP537 UT WOS:000071287800012 ER PT J AU Sieckmann, DG Martin, E Guelde, G Longo, DL Kenny, JJ AF Sieckmann, DG Martin, E Guelde, G Longo, DL Kenny, JJ TI Anti-idiotype monoclonal antibodies specific for the MOPC167 anti-phosphocholine transgene-encoded antibody SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC MUTATION; PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE ANTIBODIES; CELL-LINE; B-CELLS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; DIVERSITY; BINDING; HEAVY; MICE; STIMULATION AB Four rat X mouse hybridomas secreting monoclonal anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies (MAb) specific for the transgene-encoded antibody of the 207-4 transgenic mouse line, which carries the V(H)1/V(K)24 gene segments of the IgA, phosphocholine-(PC) specific MOPC167 myeloma, were developed from a fusion of Ag8-X63.653 mouse cells with spleen cells from a rat immunized with MOPC167 and HPCM27 anti-PC antibodies. The anti-Id MAb were shown by ELISA to be specific for PC-binding proteins of V(H)1/V(K)24 and L chains of various isotypes. They did not bind V(H)1/V(K)22, V(H)1/V(K)8, or V(H)1/V(K)1 PC-binding proteins or other IgA or IgM myeloma proteins. Analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated that these MAb bind to the transgene-encoded membrane immunoglobulin (sIgM) as expressed on >95% of the B220 positive 207-4 spleen cells. All four MAb were able to inhibit the binding of MOPC167 to PC conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Differences in fine .pecificity of binding were demonstrated by differential staining of spleen cells of the 216-7 mu kappa Delta Mem MOPC167 transgenic mice. In these mice endogenous H chains associate with the transgene encoded L chain to form MOPC167 crossreactive idiotopes. Two of the MAb, 28-4-3 and 28-6-20, stained significant numbers of cells, while MAb 28-5-15 did not bind to 216-7 cells. Three of the MAb, 28-5-15, 28-6-20, and 28-4-3, when conjugated to Sepharose beads, were able to induce DNA synthesis in cultures of 207-4 transgenic spleen cells. None of the MAb were able to induce an antibody response in vivo. These MAb should prove useful in staining PC-transgenic B cells for flow cytometry studies and in defining early cellular events in the activation of idiotype positive B cells by anti-Id antibodies. C1 NIA, NIH, Gerontol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Kenny, JJ (reprint author), NIA, NIH, Gerontol Res Ctr, Rm 4C19,4940 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0272-457X J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD DEC PY 1997 VL 16 IS 6 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1089/hyb.1997.16.503 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA YQ105 UT WOS:000071349000002 PM 9455702 ER PT J AU Meloling, JH Marhefka, RJ AF Meloling, JH Marhefka, RJ TI A caustic corrected UTD solution for the fields radiated by a source on a flat plate with a curved edge SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE geometrical theory of diffraction ID DIFFRACTION AB Corrections to the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) that account for the caustics caused by the coalescence of the diffraction points on a curved edge are derived, This creates a new curvature dependent diffraction coefficient that has not been previously accounted for in the UTD, The farzone radiation by a short monopole mounted on an elliptic disk is analyzed using this caustic corrected UTD solution, Theoretical results are verified in the principal plane by comparison with a method of moments solution, The resulting solution for the radiated field is accurate and provides useful insight into the scattering phenomena, This insight is necessary in order to obtain more general solutions. C1 USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Meloling, JH (reprint author), USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1839 EP 1849 DI 10.1109/8.650203 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA YM736 UT WOS:000071095700016 ER PT J AU Brown, DB AF Brown, DB TI 1997 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference - General Chairman's Comments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brown, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6612, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1779 EP 1780 PN 1 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800001 ER PT J AU Campbell, A AF Campbell, A TI 1997 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference - Awards Chairman's comments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Campbell, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1783 EP 1783 PN 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800002 ER PT J AU Conley, JF Lenahan, PM Wallace, BD Cole, P AF Conley, JF Lenahan, PM Wallace, BD Cole, P TI Quantitative model of radiation induced charge trapping in SiO2 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; HOLE TRAPS; PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; SILICON DIOXIDE; OXIDE; CENTERS; TEMPERATURE; SIO2-FILMS; INTERFACE; DEVICES AB A predictive model of radiation induced oxide charging, based on statistical thermodynamics and electron spin resonance measurements of defects known as E' centers, has been developed. The model is successfully tested on Co-60 irradiated MOSFETs. C1 Dynam Res Corp, Commercial Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Conley, JF (reprint author), Dynam Res Corp, Commercial Syst, Suite 130,19545 NW Von Neumann Dr, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1804 EP 1809 DI 10.1109/23.658946 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800007 ER PT J AU Carts, MA Marshall, PW Marshall, CJ Label, KA Flanegan, M Bretthauer, J AF Carts, MA Marshall, PW Marshall, CJ Label, KA Flanegan, M Bretthauer, J TI Single event test methodology and test results of commercial gigabit per second fiber channel hardware SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID OPTIC DATA BUS AB This article presents a detailed description of the single event test methods used to evaluate two different component sets conforming to the Fiber Channel (FC) commercial high-speed serial bus standard. The devices tested perform the hierarchically low-level functions such as transmission coding and actual electrical or optical linking. Pertinent portions of the FC specification, and details of the test setup and methods are presented prior to description of the observed error types, correlation of error types to source circuitry, and radiation test results. The authors conclude that one of these COTS device sets may be suitable for space use with the use of additional circuit hardening, and that the other (also a COTS device set) is not suitable for space use. The test methods and descriptions of error types should prove useful in preparation for future FC component SEE testing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Carts, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1878 EP 1884 DI 10.1109/23.658956 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800017 ER PT J AU LaBel, KA Marshall, PW Marshall, CJ D'Ordine, M Carts, M Lum, G Kim, HS Seidleck, CM Powell, T Abbott, R Barth, J Stassinopoulos, EG AF LaBel, KA Marshall, PW Marshall, CJ D'Ordine, M Carts, M Lum, G Kim, HS Seidleck, CM Powell, T Abbott, R Barth, J Stassinopoulos, EG TI Proton-induced transients in optocouplers: In-flight anomalies, ground irradiation test, mitigation and implications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID SATELLITE DATA MANAGEMENT; OPTIC DATA LINKS; DATA BUS; FIBER AB We present data on recent optocoupler in-flight anomalies and the subsequent ground test irradiation performed. Discussions of the single event mechanisms involved, transient filtering analysis, and design implications are included. Proton-induced transients were observed on higher speed optocouplers with a unique dependence on the incidence particle angle. The results indicate that both direct ionization and nuclear reaction-related mechanisms are responsible for the single events observed. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SFA Inc, NRL, Landover, MD 20785 USA. Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Broomfield, CO USA. Lockheed Missile & Space Corp, Sunnyvale, CA USA. Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP LaBel, KA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1885 EP 1892 DI 10.1109/23.658957 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800018 ER PT J AU Freitag, RK Brown, DB AF Freitag, RK Brown, DB TI Low dose rate effects on linear bipolar IC's: Experiments on the time dependence SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard AB The time dependence of radiation-induced damage to a bipolar microcircuit has been studied at three dose rates. It is found that both time dependent effects and "true" dose rate effects must be considered to fully characterize the radiation response of these devices. Pal empirical model is constructed in an attempt to describe the response of these devices both during and after the irradiation. It is found that this model can successfully characterize the time dependent effects observed in these devices, as well as demonstrate some fundamental differences in the radiation response at different dose rates. This model in its present form, however, is shown to be insufficient to explain the results of several experiments where the devices are subjected to sequences of alternating irradiations and anneals. The consequences of these results and possible mechanisms are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freitag, RK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1906 EP 1913 DI 10.1109/23.658960 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800021 ER PT J AU Pease, RL Cohn, LM Fleetwood, DM Gehlhausen, MA Turflinger, TL Brown, DB Johnston, AH AF Pease, RL Cohn, LM Fleetwood, DM Gehlhausen, MA Turflinger, TL Brown, DB Johnston, AH TI A proposed hardness assurance test methodology for bipolar linear circuits and devices in a space ionizing radiation environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID TOTAL-DOSE RESPONSE; ISSUES AB A hardness assurance test approach has been developed for bipolar linear circuits and devices in space. It consists of an initial test for dose rate sensitivity and a characterization test method to develop the conditions for a lot acceptance test at high dose rate. For parts with adequate design margin and/or well behaved parts a generic elevated temperature irradiation test is proposed. C1 RLP Res, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. Def Special Weap Agcy, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Crane, IN 47522 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. NR 18 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1981 EP 1988 DI 10.1109/23.658976 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800030 ER PT J AU Lawrence, RK Mrstik, BJ Hughes, HL McMarr, PJ AF Lawrence, RK Mrstik, BJ Hughes, HL McMarr, PJ TI Radiation induced charge in SIMOX buried oxides: Lack of thickness dependence at low applied fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID ELECTRON; HOLE AB Commercially prepared Separation-by-IMplantation-of-OXygen (SIMOX) wafers having buried-oxide (BOX) thicknesses ranging from 80 to 400 nm, and thermal oxides of similar thicknesses, were exposed to various doses of 10 keV x-rays. The net positive charge trapped in the buried-oxides during the radiation was determined by dual capacitance-voltage (C-V) and point-contact current voltage (I-V) measurements. For the thermal oxides, using metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) CV techniques, the amount of trapped charge was found to have the expected linear dependence on oxide thickness. For the SIMOX buried oxides, however, the amount of net trapped charge was found to be independent of BOX thickness when the oxides were biased at 0.05 MV/cm (a typical operating field). The SIMOX results are explained in terms of bulk-oxide hole and electron trapping. C1 ARACOR, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Lawrence, RK (reprint author), ARACOR, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2095 EP 2100 DI 10.1109/23.659023 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800046 ER PT J AU Liu, ST Allen, LP Anc, MJ Jenkins, WC Hughes, HL Twigg, ME Lawrence, RK AF Liu, ST Allen, LP Anc, MJ Jenkins, WC Hughes, HL Twigg, ME Lawrence, RK TI Reduction of radiation induced back channel threshold voltage shifts in partially depleted SIMOX CMOS devices by using ADVANTOX (TM) substrates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID MOSFET AB Excessive total dose radiation induced back channel threshold voltage shifts often observed in fully depleted and partially depleted NMOS transistors fabricated in full dose SIMOX wafers can be greatly reduced by use of new low dose ADVANTOX(TM) substrates. C1 Honeywell Inc, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. IBIS Technol Corp, Danvers, MA 01923 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARACOR, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Liu, ST (reprint author), Honeywell Inc, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2101 EP 2105 DI 10.1109/23.659024 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800047 ER PT J AU Stahlbush, RE AF Stahlbush, RE TI Electron and hole trapping in the buried oxide of Unibond wafers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID SILICON DIOXIDE FILMS; SIMOX STRUCTURES; X-RAY; SPIN-RESONANCE; CHARGE; OXYGEN; DEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; DEFECTS; CENTERS AB Electron and hole traps have been studied in the buried oxide of Unibond wafers and are compared with thermal oxide samples of the same thickness that were covered by polysilicon. The thermal oxide samples with and without a subsequent 1100 degrees C anneal have been examined. The electron and hole traps were filled by room temperature and cryogenic temperature (50 or 60 K) x-ray irradiation. The characteristics of the trapped carriers were studied by thermal excitation up to 350 K and field-induced tunneling up to 6 MV/cm. X-ray induced current through the oxides during and after irradiation was measured. Hole trapping in the Unibond and annealed thermal oxide is very similar and significantly higher than the thermal oxide that was not annealed. The hole traps are concentrated near the Si/SiO2 interfaces. The concentration of hole traps is less than in SIMOX. The effects of electron traps are also very similar in Unibond and the annealed oxide. Under negative bias, 1 MV/cm, at cryogenic temperatures and for doses above 1 Mrad(SiO2) there is a net negative charge near the bottom Si/SiO2 interface. The trapped electrons are released by warming to room temperature. The combination of electron and hole traps present near both Si/SiO2 interfaces are also responsible for electron tunneling at the cathode interface during and after irradiation that is observed at all temperatures. The negative charge buildup and electron tunneling are not observed in the unannealed thermal oxide. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6816, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2106 EP 2114 DI 10.1109/23.659025 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800048 ER PT J AU McMarr, PJ Mrstik, BJ Lawrence, RK Jernigan, GG AF McMarr, PJ Mrstik, BJ Lawrence, RK Jernigan, GG TI The radiation response of capacitors fabricated on bonded silicon-on-insulator substrates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard AB Silicon-on-insulator substrates were manufactured by bonding a thermal oxide of silicon to a silicon wafer. Metal-oxide-silicon capacitors were fabricated on these substrates. Capacitors were also fabricated on unbonded thermal oxides. Capacitance-voltage measurements were performed on the bonded and unbonded oxides, before and after 10 keV x-ray irradiation. The flatband shift for the irradiated bonded oxide was nearly double that of the irradiated unbonded oxide. The radiation-induced shifts of the capacitance-voltage curves are shown to be related to the density differences between the bonded and unbonded oxides. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA, ARACOR, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McMarr, PJ (reprint author), SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2115 EP 2123 DI 10.1109/23.659026 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800049 ER PT J AU Musseau, O Ferlet-Cavrois, V Campbell, AB Knudson, AR Stapor, WJ McDonald, PT Pelloie, JL Raynaud, C AF Musseau, O Ferlet-Cavrois, V Campbell, AB Knudson, AR Stapor, WJ McDonald, PT Pelloie, JL Raynaud, C TI Charge collection in submicron CMOS/SOI technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID SINGLE EVENT UPSET; SRAM CELL; HEAVY-ION; SOI; SIMULATION; DEVICES; MOSFETS AB We present experimental measurements of charge collection spectroscopy from high energy ion strikes in submicron CMOS/SOI devices. Due to the specific structure of SOI technology, with symmetrical source and drain junctions, a direct equivalence between upset mechanism and charge collection is established. The bipolar mechanism, responsible for the amplification of the deposited charge is discussed based on 2D device simulations. Based on the experimental data we determine qualitatively the influence of transistor geometry on the bipolar gain. Finally the limits of the usual SEU concepts (LET threshold and cross section) are discussed for scaled devices. C1 CEA, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. ICI, Mclean, VA USA. CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France. RP Musseau, O (reprint author), CEA, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2124 EP 2133 DI 10.1109/23.659027 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800050 ER PT J AU Tylka, AJ Dietrich, WF Boberg, PR AF Tylka, AJ Dietrich, WF Boberg, PR TI Probability distributions of high-energy solar-heavy-ion fluxes from IMP-8: 1973-1996 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID PROTON FLUENCE MODEL; CHARGE-STATE; PARTICLES; UPSETS AB We present probability distributions for the fluxes and event-integrated fluences of solar He, CNO, and Fe ions st high energies relevant to space-system design, based on observations from the University of Chicago's Cosmic Ray Telescope on IMP-8 in 1973-96. We compare the observed distributions to CREME96, whose new solar models are shown to produce realistic, extreme-worst-case (similar to 99(+)% confidence level) environments. The probability distributions show that a modest reduction in the reliability requirement (from similar to 99% to similar to 90-95% confidence level, for example) can significantly reduce the severity of the heavy-ion hazard. This reduction factor is larger for solar heavy ions than for solar protons, and the exact amount of the reduction will depend critically upon other factors, such as device sensitivity, shielding, and orbit. We also show predictions of mission-accumulated solar-heavy-ion fluences as functions of confidence level and mission duration. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2140 EP 2149 DI 10.1109/23.659029 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800052 ER PT J AU Tylka, AJ Adams, JH Boberg, PR Brownstein, B Dietrich, WF Flueckiger, EO Petersen, EL Shea, MA Smart, DF Smith, EC AF Tylka, AJ Adams, JH Boberg, PR Brownstein, B Dietrich, WF Flueckiger, EO Petersen, EL Shea, MA Smart, DF Smith, EC TI CREME96: A revision of the Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics code SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID HEAVY-ION MODEL; DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; OCTOBER 1989; CHARGE-STATE; IN-SPACE; SOLAR; RADIATION; PARTICLES; UPSETS; FIELD AB CREME96 is an update of the Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics code, a widely-used suite of programs for creating numerical models of the ionizing-radiation environment in near-Earth orbits and for evaluating radiation effects in spacecraft. CREME96, which is now available over the World-Wide Web (WWW) at http://crsp3.nrl.navy.mil/creme96/, has many significant features, including (1) improved models of the galactic cosmic ray, anomalous cosmic ray, and solar energetic particle ("flare") components of the near-Earth environment; (2) improved geomagnetic transmission calculations; (3) improved nuclear transport routines; (4) improved single-event upset (SEU) calculation techniques, for both proton-induced and direct-ionization-induced SEUs; and (5) an easy-to-use graphical interface, with extensive on-line tutorial information. In this paper we document some of these improvements. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Phillips Lab, AA, OL, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 76 TC 283 Z9 284 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2150 EP 2160 DI 10.1109/23.659030 PN 1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800053 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Xapsos, MA Burke, EA Walters, RJ Summers, GP AF Messenger, SR Xapsos, MA Burke, EA Walters, RJ Summers, GP TI Proton displacement damage and ionizing dose for shielded devices in space SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID RADIATION AB The sensitivity of displacement damage and ionizing dose calculations to both the incident proton energy spectrum and that transmitted through shields is calculated down to 100 eV for a solar proton event. The method is also applicable to trapped proton environments. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2169 EP 2173 DI 10.1109/23.659032 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800055 ER PT J AU Buchner, S Baze, M Brown, D McMorrow, D Melinger, J AF Buchner, S Baze, M Brown, D McMorrow, D Melinger, J TI Comparison of error rates in combinational and sequential logic SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID SRAMS AB A pulsed laser was used to demonstrate that, for transients much shorter than the clock period, error rates in sequential logic were independent of frequency, whereas error rates in combinational logic were linearly dependent on frequency. In addition, by measuring the error rate as a function of laser pulse energy for fixed crock frequency, the logarithmic dependence of the SEU vulnerable time period prior to the clock edge in combinational logic was established. A mixed mode circuit simulator program was used to successfully model the dynamic response of the logic circuit to pulses of laser light. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20785 USA. NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boeing Def & Space Grp, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20785 USA. NR 11 TC 135 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2209 EP 2216 DI 10.1109/23.659037 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800060 ER PT J AU Reed, RA Carts, MA Marshall, PW Marshall, CJ Musseau, O McNulty, PJ Roth, DR Buchner, S Melinger, J Corbiere, T AF Reed, RA Carts, MA Marshall, PW Marshall, CJ Musseau, O McNulty, PJ Roth, DR Buchner, S Melinger, J Corbiere, T TI Heavy ion and proton-induced single event multiple upset SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID HIGH-DENSITY SRAMS; BIT UPSETS; FLIGHT DATA; DEVICES; TRACKS; ORBIT; RAMS AB Individual ionizing heavy ion events are shown to cause two or more adjacent memory cells to change logic states in a high density CMOS SRAM. A majority of the upsets produced by normally incident heavy ions are due to single particle events that causes a single cell to upset. However, for grazing angles a majority of the upsets produced by heavy-ion irradiation are due to single-particle events that cause two or more cells to change logic states. Experimental evidence of a single proton-induced spallation reaction that causes two adjacent memory cells to change logic states is presented. Results from a dual volume Monte-Carlo simulation code for proton-induced single-event multiple upsets are within a factor of three of experimental data for protons at normal incidence and 70 degrees. C1 SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. CEA, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. Matra MHS, Nantes, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reed, RA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 735, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2224 EP 2229 DI 10.1109/23.659039 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800062 ER PT J AU Gelderloos, CJ Peterson, RJ Nelson, ME Ziegler, JF AF Gelderloos, CJ Peterson, RJ Nelson, ME Ziegler, JF TI Pion-induced soft upsets in 16 Mbit DRAM chips SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID SINGLE EVENT UPSET; TERRESTRIAL COSMIC-RAYS; STATIC RAMS; CROSS-SECTIONS; NEUTRONS; AVIONICS; PROTONS; NUCLEI; ENVIRONMENT; ATMOSPHERE AB Measurements of the soft upset cross section due to energetic charged pions were made in various 16 Mbit memory chips, as a function of incident pion energy and for chips with different cell technologies. Significant differences are seen to exist between cell technologies, up to a factor of 1000 in cross section. Upset cross sections are reported that exhibit proportionality: to the reaction cross section for pions on silicon, including the well-known enhancement over proton and neutron cross sections near the delta resonance. Implications of this enhancement for pion-induced upsets due to cosmic ray fluxes are discussed. C1 Univ Colorado, Nucl Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA. RP Gelderloos, CJ (reprint author), Hughes Space & Commun Co, POB 92915,S25-C369, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2237 EP 2242 DI 10.1109/23.659041 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800064 ER PT J AU Musseau, O Ferlet-Cavrois, V Campbell, AB Stapor, WJ McDonald, PT AF Musseau, O Ferlet-Cavrois, V Campbell, AB Stapor, WJ McDonald, PT TI Comparison of single event phenomena for front/back irradiations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID CHARGE COLLECTION AB For devices irradiated from the front and the back, where ions have the same LET in the sensitive volumes, the SEU sensitivities and charge collection spectra are different. A specific test setup has been developed to make precise measurements of both collected charge and SEU in CMOS SRAMs. We present a set of new data and discuss the possible experimental artifacts that could affect these measurements. In all the cases, the device is more sensitive when irradiated from the back than from the front. This phenomenon seems related to energy transfer mechanisms from the ion to the material target, with secondary particles from both electronic and nuclear reactions being forward emitted. This effect may influence to net sensitivity of scaled down devices, with shallow sensitive layers, and heavy metal interconnects. C1 CEA, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ICI, Mclean, VA USA. RP Musseau, O (reprint author), CEA, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2250 EP 2255 DI 10.1109/23.659043 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800066 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Knudson, AR Buchner, S Campbell, AB Curtice, WR AF McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Knudson, AR Buchner, S Campbell, AB Curtice, WR TI Charge-collection mechanisms of AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID GAAS BUFFER LAYER; HETEROSTRUCTURE FETS; BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS; TEMPERATURE MODEL; DEVICES; MESFETS AB AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors are investigated via time-resolved and time-integrated laser induced charge-collection measurements and by two-dimensional computer simulation. Both experiment and simulation results suggest that charge collection occurs by a simple model in which carriers created by the ionizing event are collected at the device terminals, with no evidence for charge enhancement processes. The charge-collection efficiency in all cases is less than unity, with the collected charge exhibiting a linear dependence on the deposited charge for all laser wavelengths used (below the saturation limit). The simulation results reveal that the fast and slow contributions to the charge collection transient arise from electron and hole collection, respectively, with the lower mobility of the holes giving rise to their slower collection dynamics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. WR Curtice Consulting, Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2274 EP 2281 DI 10.1109/23.659046 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800069 ER PT J AU Weatherford, TR Radice, R Eskins, D Devers, J Fouts, DJ Marshall, PW Marshall, CJ Dietrich, H Twigg, M Milano, R AF Weatherford, TR Radice, R Eskins, D Devers, J Fouts, DJ Marshall, PW Marshall, CJ Dietrich, H Twigg, M Milano, R TI SEU design considerations for MESFETs on LT GaAs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID CHARGE COLLECTION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; BUFFER LAYER AB Computer simulation results are reported on transistor design and single-event charge collection modeling of metal-semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) fabricated in the Vitesse H-GaAsIII(R) process on Low Temperature grown (LT) GaAs epitaxial layers. Tradeoffs in Single Event Upset (SEU) immunity and transistor design are discussed. Effects due to active loads and diffusion barriers are examined. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vitesse Semicond, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. RP Weatherford, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code EC-WT, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2282 EP 2289 DI 10.1109/23.659047 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800070 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Knudson, AR Buchner, S Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Moss, SC Engelhardt, D Childs, T Campbell, AB AF McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Knudson, AR Buchner, S Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Moss, SC Engelhardt, D Childs, T Campbell, AB TI Characterization of LT GaAs carrier lifetime in multilayer GaAs epitaxial wafers by the transient reflectivity technique SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, CO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; BUFFER LAYER; RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NONLINEAR ABSORPTION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; POINT-DEFECTS; RECOMBINATION; DYNAMICS; FETS; TIME AB A methodology for determining the carrier lifetime of LT GaAs buffer layers in GaAs multilayer wafers utilizing the femtosecond transient reflectivity technique is introduced. Experimental results and computer simulations performed as a function of the LT GaAs growth temperature are presented for the multilayer GaAs structures that are used for device fabrication. The markedly non-exponential nature of the measured transients is a consequence of the multilayer structure of the wafers. The carrier lifetime measurements are correlated with available SEU data measured for structures fabricated with LT GaAs buffers with different growth temperatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. TLC Precis Wafer Technol, Minneapolis, MN 55405 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2290 EP 2297 DI 10.1109/23.659048 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800071 ER PT J AU Weatherford, TR Marshall, PW Marshall, CJ Fouts, DJ Mathes, B LaMacchia, M AF Weatherford, TR Marshall, PW Marshall, CJ Fouts, DJ Mathes, B LaMacchia, M TI Effects of low-temperature buffer-layer thickness and growth temperature on the SEE sensitivity of GaAs HIGFET circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, CO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard AB Heavy-ion Single Event Effects (SEE) test results reveal the roles of growth temperature and buffer layer thickness in the use of a low-temperature grown GaAs (LT GaAs) buffer layer for suppressing SEE sensitivity in GaAs HIGFET circuits. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. Motorola Govt Syst, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Code EC, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2298 EP 2305 DI 10.1109/23.659049 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800072 ER PT J AU Velazco, R Cheynet, P Muller, JD Ecoffet, R Buchner, S AF Velazco, R Cheynet, P Muller, JD Ecoffet, R Buchner, S TI Artificial neural network robustness for on-board satellite image processing: Results of upset simulations and ground tests SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard AB Artificial Neural Networks have been shown to possess fault tolerant properties. We present the architecture of a neural network designed to process satellite images (SPOT photos). Computer simulations and ground tests performed on a digital implementation of this neural network prove its robustness with respect to bit errors. C1 IMAG, LSR, Lab Logiciels, F-38031 Grenoble, France. CEA, DAM, DRIF, DCRE,SEIM, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, CT, AQ, CE, F-31055 Toulouse, France. USN, Res Labs, SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Velazco, R (reprint author), IMAG, LSR, Lab Logiciels, 46 Av Felix Viallet, F-38031 Grenoble, France. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2337 EP 2344 DI 10.1109/23.659057 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800078 ER PT J AU Granatstein, VL Levush, B Danly, BG Parker, RK AF Granatstein, VL Levush, B Danly, BG Parker, RK TI A quarter century of gyrotron research and development SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID TRAVELING-WAVE AMPLIFIER; HIGH-POWER GYROTRON; MAGNETRON-INJECTION GUNS; HELICAL ELECTRON-BEAMS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MODE COMPETITION; CYCLOTRON HARMONICS; LONG-PULSE; 140 GHZ; OPERATION AB The development of small-orbit gyrotrons operating at voltages 1100 kV is reviewed. Gyrotron oscillators have been developed to produce unprecedented 200-kW average power levels at frequencies spanning the range of 28-140 GHz with current work aimed at achieving 1-MW average power, They are widely used in plasma-heating studies and are the natural choice for material processing in the millimeter-wave region, Gyrotron amplifiers have exceeded the peak power limits of more conventional amplifiers at both 35 and 94 GHz, and have been used in a few radars, Gyro-amplifiers under development have been designed to surpass both the peak power and the average power limits of conventional amplifiers, and are anticipated to be widely accepted in millimeter-wave radar systems, Gyrotron amplifiers operating at voltages similar to 0.5 MV that are being evaluated for accelerator applications were reviewed in this journal in 1996 and are not included in this review paper. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Granatstein, VL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vlg@plasma.umd.edu NR 136 TC 81 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1322 EP 1335 DI 10.1109/27.650903 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YT526 UT WOS:000071615900010 ER PT J AU Manheimer, WM AF Manheimer, WM TI On the possibility of harmonic operation of cyclotron wave parametric amplifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cyclotron harmonic electrostatic amplifier; cyclotron wave input amplifier; electrostatic amplifier; harmonic cyclotron wave input amplifier ID CONVECTIVE GROWTH; GYROKLYSTRON; GYROTRON; MASER; BEAM AB Cyclotron wave amplifiers at the harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency are investigated, Since the waves on the beam are electrostatic, harmonics are strongly excited ire nonrelativistic beams if they are rotating rather than filamentary. These modes at the harmonics can couple to input Cuccia couplers, and pump fields which drive parametric amplification, in very much the same way as they do on filamentary beams at the cyclotron frequency. Harmonic cyclotron wave amplifiers have the possibility of giving rise to a new class of devices at millimeter wave frequencies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1389 EP 1397 DI 10.1109/27.650908 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YT526 UT WOS:000071615900015 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K Steiner, MJ AF Gerlach, K Steiner, MJ TI An adaptive matched filter that compensates for I, Q mismatch errors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Letter AB An approach to adaptively match filter the I and Q components of complex-valued inputs consisting of a desired signal embedded in correlated external noise is presented, This approach is tolerant of I, Q mismatch errors, i.e., the external noise is effectively rejected and the desired signal enhanced in the presence of significant receiver I, Q errors, I, Q adaptive weighting removes many of the deleterious effects of I, Q quadrature detection imbalance, which can severely limit the adaptive matched filter (AMF) performance, However, for the I, Q AMF, the unknown desired signal's initial phase complicates the design procedure and even for a reasonable design criterion, the AMF performance can fluctuate significantly as a function of this phase, An I, Q AMF technique ct-hose performance is almost phase invariant is developed. and an example of its utility is shown. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 12 BP 3104 EP 3107 DI 10.1109/78.650274 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YK537 UT WOS:A1997YK53700022 ER PT J AU Posen, BR Ross, AL AF Posen, BR Ross, AL TI Competing visions for US grand strategy SO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LA English DT Article ID COLD-WAR; DEFENSE; EUROPE C1 USN,WAR COLL,NATL SECUR AFFAIRS,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Posen, BR (reprint author), MIT,DEF & ARMS CONTROL STUDIES PROGRAM,77 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 89 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0162-2889 J9 INT SECURITY JI Int. Secur. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 5 EP 53 PG 49 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA WD884 UT WOS:A1997WD88400001 ER PT J AU Borden, B AF Borden, B TI An observation about radar imaging of re-entrant structures with implications for automatic target recognition SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE CAVITIES; SCATTERING; ISAR; RCS AB The standard inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) high-frequency weak-scatterer model is inappropriate to targets with inlets and cavities, and images created under this model assumption often display artifacts associated with these structures. Since inlets and cavities (typically) make a strong contribution to the radar field scattered from aircraft targets, these artifacts often confound the image interpretation process and considerable effort has been spent in recent years to model, isolate, and remove these sources of error. Many of the more complete and accurate scattering models require extensive knowledge about the cavity/inlet shape and size and, moreover, are numerically intensive-features that make them unsuitable for many imaging applications. We examine an older (and less accurate) model based on a weak-scattering modal expansion of the structure which appears to be well suited to ISAR imaging. In addition, the analysis shows how cavity/inlet shape-specific information may be estimated from an ordinary ISAR image. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 EI 1361-6420 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1441 EP 1452 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/13/6/002 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA YM443 UT WOS:000071064000002 ER PT J AU Dwight, D Rao, MV Holland, OW Kelner, G Chi, PH Kretchmer, J Ghezzo, M AF Dwight, D Rao, MV Holland, OW Kelner, G Chi, PH Kretchmer, J Ghezzo, M TI Nitrogen and aluminum implantation in high resistivity silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIC POWER DEVICES; N-JUNCTION DIODES; EPILAYERS AB In this article, the results on N and Al implantations into undoped high-resistance and vanadium doped semi-insulating bulk 6H-SiC are reported for the first time. The N implants were performed at 700 degrees C and the Al implants at 800 degrees C to create n- and p-type layers, respectively. For comparison, implants were performed into epitaxial layers at the above temperatures and, for N, also at room temperature. The implanted/annealed material was characterized by van der Pauw Hall, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and Rutherford backscattering (RES) measurements. After annealing, the room temperature N implantation gave similar electrical and RES results as the 700 degrees C implantation for a total implant dose of 8x10(14) cm(-2) which corresponds to a volume concentration of 2x10(19) cm(-3). The Al implant redistributed in the bulk crystals during annealing, resulting in a shoulder formation at the tail of the implant profile. Lower implant activation was obtained in V-doped material compared to the undoped bulk and epitaxial layers, but the results were promising enough to use implantation technology for making planar high frequency devices in the bulk V-doped substrates, especially as the quality of the substrates continue to improve. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. GE CO,CORP RES & DEV,SCHENECTADY,NY 12301. RP Dwight, D (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 11 BP 5327 EP 5333 DI 10.1063/1.366299 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YH590 UT WOS:A1997YH59000008 ER PT J AU Levine, ER Connors, DN Shell, RR AF Levine, ER Connors, DN Shell, RR TI Autonomous underwater vehicle-based hydrographic sampling SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NARRAGANSETT BAY; FLOW AB An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), the U.S. Navy's Large Diameter Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (LDUUV), was used as a stable platform for rapid, repeated, near-synoptic CTD measurements of estuarine variability in Narragansett Bay. Surveys were made in lawnmower-like patterns at middepth to obtain horizontal profiles and maps, and in vertical yo-yo patterns to obtain vertical profiles. These observations were ground-truthed using standard CTDs on the fixed position of the launch cage and on ship-based surveys around the perimeter of the study area before and after the runs. For the horizontal surveys, a comparison of temperature and salinity time series from the LDUUV and the launch cage CTDs shows that differences are within the range of lateral variability around the study area observed at run depth from the ship. For the yo-yo surveys, a comparison of LDUUV CTD and standard CTD profiles shows indications of hysteresis in the vehicle-obtained data, which can be minimized with improved sampling techniques. Horizontal profiles and maps were obtained for a 2000 m x 300 m area, which was repeatedly sampled during 1994. An example of a time series from the vehicle shows three crossings of a salinity front with no significant temperature variability. Accompanying platform data show the effects of turns and speed changes on the data acquisition process. In the maps, temperature and salinity variability were observed with horizontal scales of order 100 m, finestructure advected by the tidal current. Temperature-salinity relationships in the AUV-derived data show unique differences related to seasonal changes in Narragansett Bay, including the winter-spring and the subsequent summer-fall transition of 1994. These measurements show the viability of the AUV as a unique tool for hydrographic characterization, under vehicle, environmental, and oceanographic constraints. C1 APPL SCI ASSOCIATES,NARRAGANSETT,RI. RP Levine, ER (reprint author), USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,DIV NEWPORT,CODE 8211,NEWPORT,RI 02841, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1444 EP 1454 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<1444:AUVBHS>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YH198 UT WOS:A1997YH19800014 ER PT J AU Feld, GK Mollerus, M Birgersdotter-Green, U Fujimura, O Bahnson, TD Boyce, K Rahme, M AF Feld, GK Mollerus, M Birgersdotter-Green, U Fujimura, O Bahnson, TD Boyce, K Rahme, M TI Conduction velocity in the tricuspid valve-inferior vena cava isthmus is slower in patients with type I atrial flutter compared to those without a history of atrial flutter SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 15-19, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Coll Cardiol DE atrial flutter; slow conduction ID RADIOFREQUENCY CATHETER ABLATION; NODAL REENTRANT TACHYCARDIA; PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME; CANINE MODEL; CRUSH-INJURY; ARRHYTHMIAS; PROPAGATION; ACTIVATION; EFFICACY; ANATOMY AB Slower Conduction in the TV-ITC Isthmus, Introduction: In human type I atrial nutter, the electrophysiologic substrate is unclear, In order to determine if slow conduction is mechanistically important, we evaluated conduction velocity in the tricuspid valve-inferior vena cava (TV-IVC) isthmus, right atrial free wall, and interatrial septum in patients with and without a history of atrial flutter undergoing electrophysiologic study. Methods and Results: Nine patients with (group 1) and nine without a history of type 1 atrial flutter (group 2) were studied, Conduction time (msec) in the right atrial free wall, TV-IVC isthmus (bidirectional), and interatrial septum was measured during pacing in sinus rhythm at cycle lengths of 600, 500, 400, and 300 msec from the low lateral right atrium and coronary sinus ostium, Conduction velocity (cm/sec) was calculated by dividing the distance between pacing electrodes and sensing electrodes (cm) by the conduction time (sec), Conduction velocity was slower in the TV-IVC isthmus in group 1 (range 37 +/- 8 to 42 +/- 8 cm/sec) versus group 2 (range 50 +/- 8 to 55 +/- 9 msec) at all pacing cycle lengths (P < 0.05), However, conduction velocity was not different in the right atrial free wall or interatrial septum between groups 1 and 2, Conduction velocity was also slower in the TV-IVC isthmus than in the right atrial free wall and interatrial septum in group 1 patients, at all pacing cycle lengths (P < 0.05), Atrial flutter cycle length correlated with total atrial conduction time (r greater than or equal to 0.832, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Slow conduction in the TV-IVC isthmus may be mechanistically important for the development of human type I atrial putter. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Div Cardiol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Feld, GK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU FUTURA PUBL CO PI ARMONK PA 135 BEDFORD RD, PO BOX 418, ARMONK, NY 10504-0418 USA SN 1045-3873 J9 J CARDIOVASC ELECTR JI J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1338 EP 1348 DI 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1997.tb01030.x PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YM532 UT WOS:000071074200003 PM 9436771 ER PT J AU Orlin, PA Perkins, AL Heburn, G AF Orlin, PA Perkins, AL Heburn, G TI A frequency accurate temporal derivative finite difference approximation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article ID SCHEMES AB A method is presented for designing temporal derivative finite difference approximations that achieve specified accuracy in the frequency domain. A general average value approximation with undetermined coefficients is fitted in the spatial frequency domain to attain the desired properties of the approximation. A set of constraints to insure that the approximation convergences as the grid spacing approaches zero and satisfies the Lax Equivalence Theorem are imposed on the fitted coefficients. The specification of the underlying partial differential equation is required in order to replace the temporal frequency domain dependence of the approximation with an explicit spatial frequency domain relation based on the dispersion relation of the PDE. A practical design of the approximations is pursued using an heuristic zero placement method which results in a linear matrix formulation. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Ctr Higher Learning, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Orlin, PA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Ctr Higher Learning, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 5 IS 4 BP 371 EP 382 DI 10.1142/S0218396X97000216 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA ZE695 UT WOS:000072821000003 ER PT J AU Marshall, JS Grant, JR AF Marshall, JS Grant, JR TI A Lagrangian vorticity collocation method for viscous, axisymmetric flows with and without swirl SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE vortex methods; collocation; Navier-Stokes equations; diffusion ID AREA-VARYING WAVES; VORTEX RINGS; SIMULATION; EQUATIONS; VELOCITY; TUBES; CORE AB This paper presents a new Lagrangian vorticity collocation method for viscous, axisymmetric fluid flows with or without swirl. The velocity calculation is performed using a representation of the vorticity field in terms of Gaussian vortex rings for off-center points and Gaussian vortex blobs along the axis of symmetry, A matrix equation for the element "amplitudes" is obtained via a collocation approach, by fitting the vorticity representation to the known vorticity values at the control points, prior to each velocity evaluation. This matrix equation is solved using an iterative procedure, which both speeds the calculation and filters out "noise" in the element amplitudes. Viscous diffusion is accomplished with use of a diffusion velocity method, in which control points are moved with the sum of the local fluid velocity and an additional "diffusion velocity" that accounts for the effect of viscosity on the spread of vorticity support. Derivatives are obtained by locally fitting a polynomial function to control points about a given control point via a least square formulation and then differentiating the polynomial. This method is found to maintain high accuracy even for very irregularly spaced control points. The method Introduced for viscous diffusion in the paper fan also be used for three-dimensional vortex methods in general. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Mech Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa Inst Hydraul Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Marshall, JS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Mech Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 138 IS 2 BP 302 EP 330 DI 10.1006/jcph.1997.5820 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA YZ054 UT WOS:000072215600003 ER PT J AU Joyce, G Lampe, M Slinker, SP Manheimer, WM AF Joyce, G Lampe, M Slinker, SP Manheimer, WM TI Electrostatic particle-in-cell simulation technique for quasineutral plasma SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quasineutral plasma; plasma simulation; particle simulation; particle-in-cell simulation ID HYBRID SIMULATION; RF DISCHARGE; MODEL AB We have developed a simulation method with both electrons and ions represented as particles-in-cell, In which the electrostatic field is determined from the requirement of quasineutrality rather than from Poisson's equation. This approach permits self-consistent calculation of the potential, in quasineutral situations where statistical fluctuations in the charge density frustrate the use of Poisson's equation. Time steps may be orders of magnitude longer than the plasma period, and mesh cells orders or magnitude longer than the Debye length, since electron plasma oscillations do not appear in the model and the Debye length is essentially set to zero. The simulation technique correctly represents kinetic features such as electron and ion Landau damping. The method is demonstrated by application to several simple test problems, including free expansion of a plasma, and linear and nonlinear ion sound. In the case of a plasma with strongly magnetized electrons, we apply the technique to determine the parallel electric field and parallel transport within the plasma. Quasineutral techniques for representing cross-held transport. and edge effects in bounded plasmas, will be discussed in subsequent publications. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Joyce, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joyce@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 138 IS 2 BP 540 EP 562 DI 10.1006/jcph.1997.5833 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA YZ054 UT WOS:000072215600012 ER PT J AU Manheimer, WM Lampe, M Joyce, G AF Manheimer, WM Lampe, M Joyce, G TI Langevin representation of Coulomb collisions in PIC simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coulomb scattering; electron-electron scattering; Langevin equation; plasma simulation; particle-in-cell simulations ID PARTICLE-IN-CELL; RF DISCHARGE; PLASMAS; MODEL; CODES AB An efficient grid-based Langevin formulation is developed for treating electron-electron (e-e) and electron-ion collisions within a particle-in-cell plasma simulation code. The formulation is energy-and momentum-conserving. If the thermal part of the electron velocity distribution is reasonably close to isotropy in any local frame of reference, the basic scattering algorithm is quantitatively accurate for electrons with any value of energy. This is particularly important in calculating the approach to equilibrium of the high-energy tail, or the equilibrium under the competing influences of e-e collisions, inelastic electron-neutral collisions, and end losses through sheaths. If the electron velocity distribution is multi-peaked or very anisotropic, accurate calculations can be performed by representing the electrons as a superposition of several beams. Computational examples are given illustrating both equilibrium energy distribution and approach to equilibrium. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lampe@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 138 IS 2 BP 563 EP 584 DI 10.1006/jcph.1997.5834 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA YZ054 UT WOS:000072215600013 ER PT J AU Punt, JA Havran, W Abe, R Sarin, A Singer, A AF Punt, JA Havran, W Abe, R Sarin, A Singer, A TI T cell receptor (TCR)-induced death of immature CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes by two distinct mechanisms differing in their requirement for CD28 costimulation: Implications for negative selection in the thymus SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FAS-LIGAND; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; CLONAL DELETION; TRANSGENIC MICE; CD4+CD8+ CELLS; ACTIVATION; ANTIGEN; EXPRESSION AB Negative selection is the process by which the developing lymphocyte receptor repertoire rids itself of autoreactive specificities. One mechanism of negative selection in developing T cells is the induction of apoptosis in immature CD4(+)CD8(+) (DP) thymocytes, referred to as clonal deletion. Clonal deletion is necessarily T cell receptor (TCR) specific, but TCR signals alone are not lethal to purified DP thymocytes. Here, we identify two distinct mechanisms by which TCR-specific death of DP thymocytes can be induced. One mechanism requires simultaneous TCR and costimulatory signals initiated by CD28. The other mechanism is initiated by TCR signals in the absence of simultaneous costimulatory signals and is mediated by subsequent interaction with antigen-presenting cells. We propose that these mechanisms represent two distinct clonal deletion strategies that are differentially implemented during development depending on whether immature thymocytes encounter antigen in the thymic cortex or thymic medulla. C1 NCI, EXPT IMMUNOL BRANCH, NIH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. USN, MED RES INST, IMMUNE CELL BIOL DEPT, BETHESDA, MD 20889 USA. Scripps Res Inst, DEPT IMMUNOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. NR 79 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 186 IS 11 BP 1911 EP 1922 DI 10.1084/jem.186.11.1911 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YK681 UT WOS:A1997YK68100012 PM 9382889 ER PT J AU Marshall, RC AF Marshall, RC TI Radiologic evaluation of Crohn's disease SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SMALL BOWEL; ENTEROCLYSIS C1 USN Hosp, Puget Sound Family Med Residency, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. RP Marshall, RC (reprint author), USN Hosp, Puget Sound Family Med Residency, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU APPLETON & LANGE PI E NORWALK PA 25 VAN ZANT ST, E NORWALK, CT 06855 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 6 BP 465 EP 466 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YM219 UT WOS:000071041700010 PM 9420573 ER PT J AU Singh, SN Bandyopadhyay, PR AF Singh, SN Bandyopadhyay, PR TI Linear feedback control of boundary layer using electromagnetic microtiles SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT AB This paper presents a system-theory approach to control of a two-dimensional turbulent flow of saltwater on a flat plate using Lorentz forces produced by microtiles of small magnets and electrodes. Beginning with the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations of motion, a finite, dimensional, linear state variable, approximate model is obtained using Galerkin's procedure. Based on this model, linear feedback control laws are obtained to achieve stabilization of the perturbed flow to the base flow. It is shown that spatially distributed longitudinal or surface-normal forces stabilize the flow perturbations. However, for lower wave numbers, longitudinal forces are more effective because surface-normal forces require larger electrode voltages for the same response characteristics. Simulation results are presented to show how stabilization is accomplished in the closed-loop system. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Hydrodynam Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Singh, SN (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 1997 VL 119 IS 4 BP 852 EP 858 DI 10.1115/1.2819508 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YM562 UT WOS:000071077200019 ER PT J AU Zheng, X Liao, C Liu, C Sung, CH Huang, TT AF Zheng, X Liao, C Liu, C Sung, CH Huang, TT TI Multigrid computation of incompressible flows using two equation turbulence models: Part I - Numerical method SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES AB A highly efficient numerical approach based on multigrid and preconditioning methods is developed for modeling 3-D incompressible turbulent flows. The incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are written in pseudo-compressibility form, then a preconditioning method is used to reduce the wave speed disparity. The k-omega and k-epsilon turbulence models are used to estimate the effects of turbulence. The model equations are solved together with the N-S equations in a strongly-coupled way, and all the acceleration techniques originally developed for N-S equations are also used for the turbulence model equations. A point-implicit technique is developed to improve the efficiency of the solution of the turbulence model equations. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. NSWC, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Zheng, X (reprint author), Adina R&D Inc, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 1997 VL 119 IS 4 BP 893 EP 899 DI 10.1115/1.2819513 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YM562 UT WOS:000071077200024 ER PT J AU Zheng, X Liao, C Liu, C Sung, CH Huang, TT AF Zheng, X Liao, C Liu, C Sung, CH Huang, TT TI Multigrid computation of incompressible flows using two-equation turbulence models: Part II - Applications SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB In this paper, computational results are presented for three-dimensional high-Reynolds number turbulent flows over a simplified submarine model. The simulation is based on the solution of Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and two-equation turbulence models by using a preconditioned time-stepping approach. A multi-block method, in which the block loop is placed in the inner cycle of a multi-grid algorithm, is used to obtain versatility and efficiency, It was found that the calculated body drag, lift, side force coefficients and moments at various angles of attack or angles of drift are in excellent agreement with experimental data. Fast convergence has been achieved for all the crises with large angles of attack and with modest drift angles. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. NSWC, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Zheng, X (reprint author), Adina R&D Inc, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 1997 VL 119 IS 4 BP 900 EP 905 DI 10.1115/1.2819514 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YM562 UT WOS:000071077200025 ER PT J AU Feldman, WC Habbal, SR Hoogeveen, G Wang, YM AF Feldman, WC Habbal, SR Hoogeveen, G Wang, YM TI Experimental constraints on pulsed and steady state models of the solar wind near the Sun SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR CORONAL HOLE; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; WHITE-LIGHT; ULYSSES; FLOW; PARAMETERS; JETS AB Ulysses observations of the high-latitude solar wind were combined with Spartan 201 observations of the corona to investigate the nature and extent of uncertainties in our knowledge of solar wind structure near the Sun. In addition to uncertainties stemming from the propagation of errors in density profiles inferred from coronagraph observations [see, e.g., Lallement et al., 1986], an assessment of the consequences of choosing different analysis assumptions reveals very large, fundamental uncertainties in our knowledge of even the basics of coronal structure near the Sun. In the spirit of demonstrating the nature and extent of these uncertainties we develop just one of a generic class of explicitly time-dependent and filamentary models of the corona that is consistent with the Ulysses and Spartan 201 data. This model provides a natural explanation for the radial profiles of both the axial ratios and apparent radial speeds of density irregularities measured at radial distances less than 10 R-S using the interplanetary scintillation technique. C1 CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. USN, RES LAB, EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, WC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, MS D466, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 102 IS A12 BP 26905 EP 26918 DI 10.1029/97JA02436 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YJ888 UT WOS:A1997YJ88800003 ER PT J AU Jamur, MC Grodzki, ACG Moreno, AN Swaim, WD Siraganian, RP Oliver, C AF Jamur, MC Grodzki, ACG Moreno, AN Swaim, WD Siraganian, RP Oliver, C TI Immunomagnetic isolation of rat bone marrow-derived and peritoneal mast cells SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mast cell; maturation; peritoneal cavity; bone marrow; immunomagnetic; immunocytochemistry; electron microscopy ID BASOPHILIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IGE; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; MACS AB Mast cells are difficult to purify from heterogeneous cell populations and to preserve, especially for pre-embedding immunostaining at the ultrastructural level. We have developed a technique that permits the isolation of a pure population of mast cells suitable for immunocytochemical studies. A rat mast cell-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb AA4) conjugated to tosylactivated Dynabeads 450 was used to immunomagnetically separate mast cells from rat bone marrow and peritoneal cell suspensions. Approximately 85% of the mast cells were recovered in the positive population that comprised virtually pure mast cells. After microwave fixation, morphological examination showed that the cells were intact and retained their ultrastructural detail. Mast cells in all stages of maturation were immunolabeled with a panel of antibodies after immunomagnetic separation. The combination of immunomagnetic separation followed by immunostaining should prove useful for the study of mast cell maturation and for the characterization of other specific cell types that are present in tissues in only limited numbers. C1 OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA 22217. UNIV FED PARANA,DEPT BIOL CELULAR,BR-80060000 CURITIBA,PARANA,BRAZIL. NIDR,IMMUNOL LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Jamur, Maria Celia/L-5520-2016 OI Jamur, Maria Celia/0000-0001-7065-8543 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1715 EP 1722 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YK686 UT WOS:A1997YK68600015 PM 9389775 ER PT J AU Hedberg, CW Savarino, SJ Besser, JM Paulus, CJ Thelen, VM Myers, LJ Cameron, DN Barrett, TJ Kaper, JB Osterholm, MT Boyer, W Kairis, F Gabriel, L Soler, J Gyswyt, L Bray, S Carlson, R Hooker, C Fasano, A Jarvis, K McDaniel, T Tornieporth, N AF Hedberg, CW Savarino, SJ Besser, JM Paulus, CJ Thelen, VM Myers, LJ Cameron, DN Barrett, TJ Kaper, JB Osterholm, MT Boyer, W Kairis, F Gabriel, L Soler, J Gyswyt, L Bray, S Carlson, R Hooker, C Fasano, A Jarvis, K McDaniel, T Tornieporth, N TI An outbreak of foodborne illness caused by Escherichia coli O39:NM, an agent not fitting into the existing scheme for classifying diarrheogenic E-coli SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LOCUS; ADHERENCE; CELLS AB An outbreak of gastrointestinal illness with clinical and epidemiologic features of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) occurred among patrons of a restaurant during April 1991, Illnesses among several groups of patrons were characterized by diarrhea (100%) and cramps (79%-88%) lasting a median of 3-5 days, Median incubation periods ranged from 50 to 56 h, A nonmotile strain of E. coli (E. coli O39), which was negative for heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (STa, STb) ETEC toxins, was isolated only from ill patrons, This organism produced enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 and contained the enteropathogenic E. coli gene locus for enterocyte effacement; it did not display mannose-resistant adherence, but produced attaching and effacing lesions in the absence of mannose on cultured HEp-2 cells, E. coli that are not part of highly characterized but narrowly defined groups may be important causes of foodborne illness. C1 MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,PUBL HLTH LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440. HENNEPIN CTY COMMUNITY HLTH DEPT,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. HENNEPIN CTY COMMUNITY HLTH DEPT,ENVIRONM HLTH MANAGEMENT GRP,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. COMMUNITY DEV DEPT,BROOKLYN PK,MN. USN,MED RES INST,ENTER DIS PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Hedberg, CW (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,717 DELAWARE ST SE,POB 9441,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA. OI Kaper, James/0000-0003-0715-2907 NR 16 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 176 IS 6 BP 1625 EP 1628 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YH160 UT WOS:A1997YH16000031 PM 9395379 ER PT J AU Fryauff, DJ Church, LWP Richards, AL Widjaja, H Mouzin, E Ratiwayanto, S Hadiputranto, H Sutamihardja, MA Richie, TL Subianto, B Tjitra, E Hoffman, SL AF Fryauff, DJ Church, LWP Richards, AL Widjaja, H Mouzin, E Ratiwayanto, S Hadiputranto, H Sutamihardja, MA Richie, TL Subianto, B Tjitra, E Hoffman, SL TI Lymphocyte response to tetanus toxoid among Indonesian men immunized with tetanus-diphtheria during extended chloroquine or primaquine prophylaxis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CELL RABIES VACCINE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; MALARIA; MEFLOQUINE; FALCIPARUM AB Immune suppression, a potential side effect of long-term chemoprophylaxis, was evaluated as part of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial that compared daily primaquine against weekly chloroquine for malaria prevention. In the last month of the year-long trial, baseline in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to tetanus toroid were measured, and a tetanus-diphtheria (Td) immunization was administered. Proliferative responses to tetanus toxoid in each Td-immunized group increased significantly over pre-Td baselines and those of the unvaccinated control, Highest initial responses were measured in the primaquine group, The proportion of responders and the magnitude of proliferation was consistently low in the chloroquine group, and end point responses in this group were significantly below those of the placebo, These results suggest that the development and duration of the cellular response to tetanus immunization was impaired by long-term weekly chloroquine prophylaxis, while daily primaquine prophylaxis over the same time period had no inhibitory effect. C1 USN,MED RES UNIT 2,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. NATL INST HLTH RES,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. PROV HLTH SERV,JAYAPURA,IRIAN JAYA,INDONESIA. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 176 IS 6 BP 1644 EP 1648 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YH160 UT WOS:A1997YH16000036 PM 9395384 ER PT J AU Guerry, P AF Guerry, P TI Nonlipopolysaccharide surface antigens of Campylobacter species SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NIH Workshop on Development of Guillain-Barre Syndrome Following Campylobacter Infection CY AUG 26-27, 1996 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIH, NIAID, NIDDS, FDA, US Dept Defense ID COLI VC167 FLAGELLIN; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; JEJUNI; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; GENES; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; MOTILITY AB Among the protein antigens of Campylobacter species, flagellin, the subunit of the flagellar filament, is the best characterized. The motility imparted by this locomotory organelle is absolutely essential for Campylobacter organisms to colonize the gastrointestinal tract and to cause diarrheal disease, Flagellin is the immunodominant protein recognized during infection and has been suggested to be involved in the protective immune response, Campylobacter flagellins are glycosylated, which is an unusual posttranslational modification for prokaryotic proteins, Although the chemical structure of the glycosylated moiety is undetermined, the posttranslational modification includes sialic acid. The association of glycosylated flagellin with development of Guillain-Barre syndrome remains speculative, but the possibility of molecular mimicry between glycosylated flagellin and eukaryotic glycoproteins exists. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST,ENTER DIS PROGRAM,12300 WASHINGTON AVE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 176 SU 2 BP S122 EP S124 DI 10.1086/513782 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YH506 UT WOS:A1997YH50600007 PM 9396694 ER PT J AU Scott, DA AF Scott, DA TI Vaccines against Campylobacter jejuni SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NIH Workshop on Development of Guillain-Barre Syndrome Following Campylobacter Infection CY AUG 26-27, 1996 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIH, NIAID, NIDDS, FDA, US Dept Defense ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; ORAL CHOLERA VACCINES; MUCOSAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; FIELD TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; B-SUBUNIT; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; UNITED-STATES AB Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of diarrhea worldwide. The gastrointestinal manifestations of Campylobacter infection range from watery diarrhea to severe dysentery. Campylobacter infection has also been linked to the postinfectious sequelae of reactive arthritis and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Evidence from epidemiologic and volunteer studies suggests that development of a vaccine to prevent gastrointestinal disease and limit colonization is possible. Efforts to develop live attenuated or subunit vaccines are limited by the finite knowledge of Campylobacter pathogenesis and lack of a conserved protective antigen, respectively. An oral killed, whole-cell vaccine has been shown to be safe and effective in animal models and is currently being tested in phase I volunteer studies. RP Scott, DA (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST,ENTER DIS PROGRAM,12300 WASHINGTON AVE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 89 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 176 SU 2 BP S183 EP S188 DI 10.1086/513791 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YH506 UT WOS:A1997YH50600021 PM 9396708 ER PT J AU Schaafsma, DT Moon, JA Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Schaafsma, DT Moon, JA Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Fused taper infrared optical fiber couplers in chalcogenide glass SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chalcogenide glass fibers; infrared fiber devices; optical communication; optical fibers; optical fiber couplers; optical fiber devices ID FABRICATION AB We have fabricated low loss, high coupling ratio bidirectional optical couplers for infrared light using multimode step-index chalcogenide fiber, Using a fusion technique similar to that commonly employed with silica fibers, we have found a temperature regime where fusion can occur while interdiffusion of the core and cladding materials will not. The resultant device has a roughly 3:1 coupling ratio, less than 0.3 dB of excess insertion loss, and preserves the guided modes of the fiber intact. RP Schaafsma, DT (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 12 BP 2242 EP 2245 DI 10.1109/50.643548 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA YL192 UT WOS:A1997YL19200006 ER PT J AU Gaber, B AF Gaber, B TI The art of molecular graphics - Fluid mosaic membrane revisited SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaber, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 391 EP 393 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 109TL UT WOS:000075339300005 ER PT J AU Linnville, SE Elliott, FS AF Linnville, SE Elliott, FS TI Mismatch negativity: An index of subclinical neurological differences in HIV patients during rapid perceptual processing SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SELECTIVE-ATTENTION; INFECTION; AIDS; PERFORMANCE; MACROPHAGE; IMPAIRMENT; DISEASE; COMPLEX; BRAIN AB Thirteen asymptomatic HIV-infected (HIV+) and 13 healthy control (HIV-) subjects were instructed to detect ''oddball'' target tones from among a sequence of nontarget tones delivered rapidly (3 tones/second) in one ear while ignoring a similar sequence delivered simultaneously in the opposite ear. Event-related potentials (EXPs) to all stimuli were recorded fr om midline scalp sites. Both groups produced EXP correlates, termed the ''mismatch negativity'' (MMN), to the oddball tones during delivery. However, the HIV+ group produced MMNs that differed in morphology from those of the HIV- group, suggesting that HIV may alter attentional perceptual processing. These results suggest that auditory ERPs elicited by rapid, dichotic stimulus presentations may be useful in monitoring subclinical effects of HIV-related neuropathology on perceptual processing. C1 USN,HLTH RES CTR,COGNIT PERFORMANCE & PSYCHOPHYSIOL DEPT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA WD688 UT WOS:A1997WD68800006 PM 9017528 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Jain, H Kanert, O AF Ngai, KL Jain, H Kanert, O TI Physical origins of the omega(1.0)-dependent and the omega(q)-dependent (q approximate to 1.3) contributions to the conductivity relaxation of glassy ionic conductors SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th University Conference on Glass Science CY JUN 17-20, 1997 CL LEHIGH UNIV, BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA SP Corning Inc, Amer Ceram Soc, Lehigh Valley Chapter, Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Lehigh Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Ceram Soc HO LEHIGH UNIV ID NUCLEAR-SPIN RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE AC CONDUCTIVITY; ALKALI OXIDE GLASSES; ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE; FORMING SYSTEMS; SPECTRA; SIMULATION AB Contributions with the omega(1.0)-dependence and also the omega(q)-dependence (q approximate to 1.3) to the ac conductivity in glassy ionic conductors are ubiquitous and have properties that differ from the ionic diffusion contribution. These different properties suggest that the omega(1.0)-dependence contribution originates from the vibrational part of the ion motion which gives rise to a time-independent mean square displacement related to the Debye-Waller factor. The omega(q)-dependent contribution to the ac conductivity is related to the omega(q-1)-dependent susceptibility on the low frequency side of the Boson peak which is observed experimentally by neutron scattering and Raman scattering in glasses. With the ionic diffusion contribution already being well-described by the coupling model, this work proposes that the physical origins of the various major contributions to the conductivity relaxation of glassy ionic conductors are now at hand. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC PY 1997 VL 222 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(97)00381-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YQ036 UT WOS:000071341000051 ER PT J AU Dixon, LR AF Dixon, LR TI The complete blood count: Physiologic basis and clinical usage SO JOURNAL OF PERINATAL & NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Article DE blood; complete blood count; hematocrit; hematologic testing; hemoglobin; red blood cell count; red blood cell indices; reticulocyte count; white blood cell count ID TESTS AB The complete blood count is one of the most frequently ordered laboratory tests in medicine. The components are the red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell indices (including the mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width), reticulocyte count, white blood cell count and differential and platelet count. To aid in understanding the multiple uses of the complete blood count, the article discusses the function, life cycle, and physiology of the various cell components. In addition, the characteristics of the various tests, including their strengths and limitations, are presented. This information can be helpful in difficult diagnoses and in monitoring treatments for hematologic disorders and other medical problems. RP Dixon, LR (reprint author), USN,SAN DIEGO MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,NURSE MIDWIFERY RESOURCE SHARING PROGRAM,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 SN 0893-2190 J9 J PERINAT NEONAT NUR JI J. Perinat. Neonatal Nurs. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA YL451 UT WOS:A1997YL45100002 PM 9451188 ER PT J AU Lill, JV Skinner, AJ Broughton, JQ AF Lill, JV Skinner, AJ Broughton, JQ TI The calculation of interfacial free energies via lambda integration SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV ID DEFECTS; SOLIDS AB The development of methods for the accurate calculation of interfacial free energies would have important consequences for predicting the mechanical and thermodynamic behavior of metals and other materials. For example, the passage of a dislocation through crystals is accompanied by the formation of various extended defects, such as stacking faults and antiphase boundaries, The associated formation energies influence the mobility of the dislocation and distinguish between slip systems and thus greatly affect the mechanical properties of metals and alloys. Also, nucleation theory relates the rate of precipitate formation to the interfacial free energy between the two phases, thus controlling the thermodynamic stability of solid solutions, This article discusses the general problem in calculating interfacial free energies in solids and describes a new method for antiphase boundaries and chemically disordered systems: simulated alchemy. Sample calculations for the APE on the (111) face of Ni3Al are given using a Finnis-Sinclair-type potential. RP Lill, JV (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH,CODE 6690,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 SN 1054-9714 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB JI J. Phase Equilib. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 495 EP 498 DI 10.1007/BF02665802 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YK254 UT WOS:A1997YK25400002 ER PT J AU Fox, AG Menon, ESK AF Fox, AG Menon, ESK TI Structure factors and bonding in beta NiAl SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV ID LONG-RANGE ORDER; CHARGE-DENSITY; SILICON; DIFFRACTOMETRY; DIAMOND; ALLOYS AB A combination of powder x-ray and critical voltage electron diffraction was used to determine the lattice parameter and low-angle structure factors of stoichiometric beta NiAl, A weighted least squares fit method was used to obtain an accurate lattice parameter from the x-ray line position data, and the integrated intensities were carefully analyzed to determine the Debye-Waller factors; the latter were found to be in good agreement with those obtained from the electron diffraction experiments. Highly accurate (errors congruent to 0.1%) low-angle structure factors were also obtained from the electron diffraction measurements, which were found to agree closely with first principles calculations in the local density approximation. This information reveals that bonding in NiAl is mostly ionic with some covalent contribution. RP Fox, AG (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT MECH ENGN,CTR MAT SCI & ENGN,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 SN 1054-9714 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB JI J. Phase Equilib. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 509 EP 515 DI 10.1007/BF02665804 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YK254 UT WOS:A1997YK25400004 ER PT J AU Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI The tight-binding method for interpolating first-principles total energy results SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DENSITY-MATRIX; NOBLE-METALS; TRANSITION; SURFACE; MODEL; SILICON; ALLOYS; CU AB This paper presents a new tight-binding method for the evaluation of the total energy in solids. The method is calibrated to reproduce a limited set of first-principles results and is able to interpolate between different structures, at a cost which is orders of magnitude less than that required to do first principles calculations on the same systems. The new method has been tested on all transition metals and found to produce elastic constants, vacancy formation energies, surface energies, and phonon spectra in very good agreement with first-principles calculations and experiment. The extension of this scheme to transition metal aluminides is in progress and preliminary results using CoAl as a prototype system are presented. RP Papaconstantopoulos, DA (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1054-9714 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB JI J. Phase Equilib. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 593 EP 597 DI 10.1007/BF02665817 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YK254 UT WOS:A1997YK25400017 ER PT J AU Shen, YT Jiang, CW Remmers, KD AF Shen, YT Jiang, CW Remmers, KD TI A twisted rudder for reduced cavitation SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A rudder operating behind a propeller can experience large onset flow angles along the rudder span, At a given speed, the maximum rudder angle before cavitation is substantially higher in turning to one direction than to the opposite side. At high speeds, rudders can experience severe surface cavitation, even at zero degree rudder deflection angle, Observation from full-scale trials and dry dock inspection of a surface ship combatant show that rudder cavitation is a real problem in terms of ship operation and maintenance. It is shown in this paper that cavitation inception and erosion problems associated with the existing fleet rudders can be avoided or reduced by using the concept of a twisted rudder. A fleet rudder can be twisted along its span to align the incoming flow. The twisted rudder model has been designed, fabricated, and tested in the Navy's Large Cavitation Channel (LCC). Two-component Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) was used to measure the field velocity and inflow angles in the propeller slipstream. A dynamometer and a series of pressure taps were used to measure rudder lift, drag and pressure distributions on the rudder surface, To evaluate the effect of twist angles on rudder performances, a full-scale rudder, designated the non-twisted rudder, has also been fabricated and tested back-to-back in the LCC with the twisted rudder for direct comparison. The advantages of using a twisted rudder to improve cavitation performance are presented in this paper. C1 NSWC, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Shen, YT (reprint author), NSWC, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 4 BP 260 EP 272 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA YR029 UT WOS:000071450000002 ER PT J AU Williams, EG AF Williams, EG TI On Green's functions for a cylindrical cavity SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND FIELD; ENCLOSURE; PLATE AB This paper presents a set of Green's functions for Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the Helmholtz equation applied to the interior of a cylindrical cavity which are based on evanescent wave expansions instead of the usual normal mode expansions. The evanescent expansion capitalizes on the known physics of the shell-fluid interaction, given a cavity with flexible walls, providing a pressure field which decays exponentially (in the Limit of small wavelength) into the interior of the cavity when the wall vibration is subsonic. Due to this decay the evanescent Green's functions converge much faster than the conventional Green's functions which are built up out of the interior eigenmodes of a rigid (or pressure release) cavity. Furthermore, these evanescent Green's functions can be inverted in a fairly straightforward way to provide the foundations for solving the inverse holography problem, that is, the reconstruction of the normal surface velocity from a measurement of the pressure in the interior. [S0001-4966(97)05012-1]. RP Williams, EG (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, CODE 7137, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 102 IS 6 BP 3300 EP 3307 DI 10.1121/1.419574 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA YL015 UT WOS:A1997YL01500006 ER PT J AU Meisch, MV Meek, CL Brown, JR Nunez, RD AF Meisch, MV Meek, CL Brown, JR Nunez, RD TI Field trial efficacy of two formulations of Permanone (R) against Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles quadrimaculatus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COMBINATION; ARKANSAS; AERIAL AB Tests were conducted during the summer of 1996 to evaluate the effectiveness of different formulations of permethrin, Permanone 31-66(R) and Aquareslin(R), against Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Culex quinquefasciatus. Tests of both formulations were conducted at rates of 2.019 and 3.926 g AI/h with each formulation/rate replicated 3 times. Results indicate significantly greater control of both pest species at the higher application rate for both formulations. The high rate of Permanone 31-66 proved more effective than that of Aquareslin. Exposure at the low rate for both formulations provided inadequate adult control that was particularly pronounced against Cx. quinquefasciatus. Regardless, negligible recovery of exposed adults was observed at any formulation/rate. No significant differences in mortality were noted for any formulation/rate relative to distance downwind. However, volume median diameter and droplets/cm(2) were significantly affected by distance downwind. Furthermore, volume median diameter and droplets/cm(2) were both determined to significantly affect mortality in both mosquito species (P less than or equal to 0.05). Overall, results indicate that Permanone 31-66 and Aquareslin applied at a rate of 3.926 g AI/h were effective. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. City Stuttgart Mosquito Control, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Meisch, MV (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 13 IS 4 BP 311 EP 314 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YT974 UT WOS:000071666800003 PM 9474555 ER PT J AU Xu, Q AF Xu, Q TI Generalized adjoint for physical processes with parameterized discontinuities .3. Multiple threshold conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The generalized adjoint is extended to special situations in which the concerned switches are triggered si multaneously by more than one threshold condition. It is shown that the involved threshold conditions can be combined into a single threshold condition represented by the envelope of the involved threshold surfaces in the space constituted by model variables and time. This envelope is piecewise smooth, and the concerned switch point is a nonsmooth point on the envelope at the intersection of the involved threshold surfaces. When the concerned switch point is perturbed along different sectors (formed by the involved threshold surfaces) on the envelope surface, different threshold conditions should be used in the tangent linear and adjoint matching conditions. This complicates the tangent linearization and the backward adjoint integration. Four basic types of situations are examined and illustrated by using simple examples, showing how the generalized adjoint can be extended to these complicated situations. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,7 GRACE HOPPER AVE,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 54 IS 23 BP 2713 EP 2721 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2713:GAFPPW>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YH413 UT WOS:A1997YH41300002 ER PT J AU Xu, Q AF Xu, Q TI Generalized adjoint for physical processes with parameterized discontinuities .4. Problems in time discretization SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB It is shown analytically and graphically that when parameterized on/off switches are triggered at discrete time levels by a threshold condition in a numerical model, the model solution is not continuously dependent on the initial state. Consequently, the response function and costfunction contain small zigzag discontinuities; their gradients contain delta functions and thus are not good approximations of the original continuous gradients. The problem is caused by the traditional time discretization and cannot be solved by the conventional treatment of on/off switches. To solve the problem, the traditional rime discretization is modified with the switch time determined by interpolation as a continuous function of the initial stale. With this modification, the response function and costfunction become continuous in the space of the initial state and their gradients can be accurately computed by the generalized adjoint. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 4 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 54 IS 23 BP 2722 EP 2728 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2722:GAFPPW>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YH413 UT WOS:A1997YH41300003 ER PT J AU Peng, MS Chang, SW AF Peng, MS Chang, SW TI Predicting Typhoon Flo of 1990 with assimilation of rainfall rates inferred from infrared brightness temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID DIABATIC INITIALIZATION; SURROUNDING WATERS; SATELLITE DATA; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; MICROWAVE; CYCLONE; IMPACT; JAPAN; MODEL AB Assimilation of SSM/I-retrieved rainrate has been shown to be beneficial in the numerical prediction of tropical cyclones with a limited-area model (Peng and Chang, 1996). However, due to the near sun-synchronous orbits and the narrow swath, SSM/I coverage of the tropics is not complete. There are many instances that one or more tropical cyclones are not covered by SSM/I swaths; therefore, rainrates cannot be retrieved for assimilation into the prediction models. In this study, the effect of the assimilation of rainrate inferred from cloud top brightness temperature (BT) is assessed. The algorithm inferring rainrates from infrared (IR) cloud top brightness temperature based on concurrent retrieval of the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) rainfall of Manobianco et al. (1994) was applied in a numerical prediction experiment for Typhoon Flo of 1990. It was found that assimilating IR rainfall rates produced a positive impact on both track and intensity forecasts of Typhoon Flo, qualitatively similar to those in Peng and Chang using the SSM/I-retrieved rainrates. The analytic algorithm relating the IR rainrates to the SSM/I rainrates became less accurate when concurrent IR and SSM/I brightness temperatures were not available. The accuracy of the IR rainrates and improvements in forecast skill both decreased in a sensitivity experiment where IR rainrates were obtained by an obsolete relationship of IR brightness temperature and rainfall rates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Peng, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1073 EP 1089 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZB976 UT WOS:000072527200006 ER PT J AU Crisma, M Monaco, V Formaggio, F Toniolo, C George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL AF Crisma, M Monaco, V Formaggio, F Toniolo, C George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL TI Crystallographic structure of a helical lipopeptaibol antibiotic analogue SO LETTERS IN PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Forum on Peptides and Proteins CY MAR, 1997 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP French Peptide & Protein Soc DE alpha/3(10)-helix; nitroxide amino acid; peptide conformation; X-ray diffraction; alpha-tetrasubstituted amino acids; trichogin ID ALPHA-AMINOISOBUTYRIC-ACID; HYDROGEN-BOND DISTANCES; TRICHOGIN-A-IV; AMINO-ACIDS; PREFERRED CONFORMATIONS; SIMPLE DERIVATIVES; PEPTIDES; GEOMETRY; ANGLES; TOAC AB An X-ray diffraction analysis of the [Fmoc(0), TOAC(4,8), Leu-OMe11] analogue of the lipopeptaibol antibiotic trichogin A IV shows that the undecapeptide is folded in a right-handed, mixed alpha/3(10)-helix. The helical molecules are connected in a head-to-tail arrangement along the b-axis through C=O ... H-N Intermolecular H-bonding. This packing mode generates a hydrophobic cavity where the Fmoc N-alpha-protecting groups are accommodated. The distances and angles between the nitroxide groups of the two TOAC residues, separated by one turn of the alpha-helix, have been determined. C1 Univ Padua, Dept Organ Chem, CNR, Biopolymer Res Ctr, I-35131 Padua, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Crisma, Marco/K-6626-2013; OI Crisma, Marco/0000-0003-3552-4106; TONIOLO, CLAUDIO/0000-0002-2327-1423 NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5666 J9 LETT PEPT SCI JI Lett. Pept. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 4 IS 4-6 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1023/A:1008874816982 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YT646 UT WOS:000071627900005 ER PT J AU Mahapatra, R Chou, YT Pope, DP AF Mahapatra, R Chou, YT Pope, DP TI The anomalous flow behavior in single-phase Ti44Al56 single crystals - The effect of deformation history SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on High Temperature Intermetallics CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE deformation; flow stress; titanium aluminides ID GAMMA-TITANIUM ALUMINIDE; ALLOYS AB In this paper we present our studies of effect of deformation temperature on the anomalous flow behavior of [001] and [011] oriented Ti44Al56 single crystals grown in an ASGAL optical imaging floating zone crystal growth furnace. The specimens were compression tested at room temperature (RT), 973 and 1173 K and they displayed anomalous flow behavior. However, if the sample is deformed at high temperature, at about 973 K (below the peak temperature), and then retested at room temperature, the high temperature strength is retained, i.e. the flow stress is irreversible. But if the initial deformation at high temperature is performed at about 1173 K (above the peak temperature), and then deformed at room temperature the room temperature flow strength is observed, i.e. the flow stress is reversible. These results sue est that the reversibility of flow stress anomaly is determined by the deformation mechanism occurring at the elevated temperature. If the deformation mechanism at the two temperatures is the same, then the flow stress is irreversible, but if they are different, then it is reversible. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18105 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mahapatra, R (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18105 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 240 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00565-0 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YV834 UT WOS:000071868000012 ER PT J AU Yu, HY AF Yu, HY TI A new model for the volume fraction of martensitic transformations SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; THERMODYNAMICS; PSEUDOELASTICITY; THERMOMECHANICS; DEFORMATION; KINETICS AB A model using an energy balance is proposed to describe the volume fraction of multiple-interface martensitic transformations. For martensitic transformations without external stresses at quenching temperature T < M-s, the volume fraction of martensite (xi) is proportional to the undercooling (M-s - T) and inversely proportional to a linear function of the quenching temperature (T); thus, xi = (M-s - T)/[M-s - beta M-f (1 - beta)T], where beta is a material constant. For stress-induced martensitic transformations under stress sigma(ik)(a) with temperature T > M-s, the relationship is xi = xi(0)[1 - lambda(ik)(sigma)(sigma(ik)(a) - sigma(ik)(Ms))](-1), where xi(0) is the initial detectable amount of martensite formed at martensitic starting stress sigma(ik)(Ms) and lambda(ik)(sigma) is a material constant. It is found that the results obtained from this model are in good agreement with experimental results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat & Mech Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yu, HY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat & Mech Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2499 EP 2506 DI 10.1007/s11661-997-0007-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YR348 UT WOS:000071486400007 ER PT J AU Viera, AJ AF Viera, AJ TI Primary upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUBCLAVIAN VEIN AB Using an illustrative case, this report reviews the entity of primary upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis, also known as Paget-Schroetter syndrome. The entity of Paget-Schroetter syndrome is important to military physicians because of its occurrence in young, healthy, active individuals such as those in our active duty population, A review of the literature was performed and it was concluded that a multimodal approach to therapy, as was done in this case, gives the best overall results. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 162 IS 12 BP 829 EP 831 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YM063 UT WOS:000071024200017 PM 9433093 ER PT J AU Carr, LE Elsberry, RL AF Carr, LE Elsberry, RL TI Models of tropical cyclone wind distribution and beta-effect propagation for application to tropical cyclone track forecasting SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VORTEX MOTION; BAROTROPIC VORTEX; MEAN FLOW; HURRICANE; ENERGETICS; DRIFT AB A model of the tangential wind speed in the outer regions of tropical cyclones is proposed based on approximate conservation of angular momentum. The purpose is to derive an operationally useful model of the beta-effect propagation (BEP), which barotropic numerical models have shown to be primarily related to the outer wind structure. The functional dependence of the predicted BEP speeds over a range of latitudes and the radii R-o at which the cyclonic winds are reduced to zero is determined from dimensional analysis. Given the empirical nature of the profile and imprecise estimates of R-o, only four tropical cyclone sizes or outer wind structures are defined based on the magnitude of the BEP speeds and their relative contributions to the total motion. A second aspect of BEP from the barotropic model integrations is the development of a trailing anticyclone to the southeast of the tropical cyclone as a result of Rossby wave dispersion. The four tropical cyclone size categories or outer wind structures are also characterized in terms of the potential for the trailing anticyclone to be part of a change in the tropical cyclone environment structure. Whereas small tropical cyclones have a small BEP speed and do not change their environment, large tropical cyclones have BEP speeds exceeding 2 m s(-1) and have a large amplitude peripheral anticyclone that may introduce significant changes in the environment structure, which can indirectly contribute to a track change. RP Carr, LE (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,CODE MR-CR,589 DYER RD,ROOM 254,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 125 IS 12 BP 3190 EP 3209 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<3190:MOTCWD>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YJ555 UT WOS:A1997YJ55500008 ER PT J AU Thompson, WT Haack, T Doyle, JD Burk, SD AF Thompson, WT Haack, T Doyle, JD Burk, SD TI A nonhydrostatic mesoscale simulation of the 10-11 June 1994 coastally trapped wind reversal SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID STATES WEST-COAST; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WARM-SEASON; MODEL; PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB During the summer months, the California coast is under the influence of persistent northwesterly how. Several times each summer, this regime is disrupted by coastally trapped wind reversals (CTWR) in which the northwesterly flow is replaced by southerlies in a narrow zone along the coast. Controversy exists as to the physical mechanisms responsible for initiation and maintenance of CTWRs. While it is clear that coastal terrain is important in creating the trapped response, the precise role played by terrain is unclear. In the present study, these issues are investigated using a nonhydrostatic mesoscale model to simulate the 10-11 June 1994 CTWR event. The results show that the model successfully reproduces many of the observed features of this event, including anomalous vertical structure involving the relatively shallow boundary layer with a warm, nearly neutral layer above; the northward propagation of southerly flow in advance of a tongue of coastal stratus/fog; and a substantial reduction in propagation speed due to the sea breeze. Of the several mechanisms that have been proposed in the literature to characterize these events, these results are most consistent with a topographically trapped gravity current. Further investigation, required to verify this hypothesis, is ongoing. Two sensitivity studies are used to examine the role of terrain in producing and maintaining the CTWR. In the first sensitivity study, the coastline from Pt. Conception to Pt. Reyes is replaced with a straight line and a uniform 840-m-high ridge is placed adjacent to the coast. This simplification permits better isolation of the terrain influence on the mesoscale pressure field and the forcing of the CTWR by the pressure distribution. The results show that adiabatic warming associated with flow over the coastal terrain is required to produce the alongshore pressure gradient, which forces ageostrophic southerly dow, and that, in the absence of bays and gaps in this terrain, southerly flow extends to the location of the minimum pressure. In a second sensitivity study, the height of the ridge along the coast is set to zero. In this simulation there is no mesoscale organization of the southerly flow. Moreover, the structure of the marine boundary layer near the coast is altered by removal of downslope flow and the gravity current characteristics seen in the control and first sensitivity study are absent. RP Thompson, WT (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, MARINE METEOROL DIV, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 125 IS 12 BP 3211 EP 3230 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<3211:ANMSOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YJ555 UT WOS:A1997YJ55500009 ER PT J AU Reynolds, C Gelaro, R AF Reynolds, C Gelaro, R TI The effect of model bias on the equatorward propagation of extratropical waves SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ROSSBY-WAVE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BAROTROPIC ATMOSPHERE; STATIONARY WAVES; FORECAST MODEL; CIRCULATION; CONVECTION; TROPICS AB The effect of model bias on the equatorward propagation of extratropical waves in a GCM simulation is assessed within the context of simple wave-guiding principles. The modes representing these waves are identified through the use of empirical orthogonal function analysis performed on the 200-mb zonal wind filtered to retain variations between 6 and 30 days. The temporal evolution and vertical structure of these modes are examined through the use of time-lagged composite analysis. The differences between observed and simulated wave propagation is examined in relationship to the theoretical wave-guiding properties associated with the observed and simulated time-mean flow. The utility of simple wave-guiding theory for describing the observed and modeled wave propagation is assessed. The model bias in the time-mean flow is closely associated with the differences in the propagation of the transient waves. The excessively strong wave-guiding properties associated with the simulated Pacific jet appear to inhibit the proper meridional propagation of wave energy into the tropical central and eastern Pacific. In the simulation, waves that do propagate into the tropical Pacific either dissipate or are reflected near the equator, while in the observations, wave energy propagates into the Southern Hemisphere. On the other hand, the wave guiding by the subtropical and midlatitude jets over the Atlantic is weaker in the simulation than in the observations. In this region, wave energy propagates primarily into the Tropics in the simulation, while some of the observed wave energy is reflected toward the east and northeast over the Atlantic and northern Africa. The locations of the theoretical critical lines and wave guides of the time-mean flow, although based on many simplifying assumptions, are remarkably consistent with the propagation characteristics of these waves. RP Reynolds, C (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, 7 GRACE HOPPER AVE, STOP 2, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 125 IS 12 BP 3249 EP 3265 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<3249:TEOMBO>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YJ555 UT WOS:A1997YJ55500011 ER PT J AU Gilbert, RP Lin, ZY Buchanan, JL AF Gilbert, RP Lin, ZY Buchanan, JL TI Direct and inverse problems in ocean acoustics SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress of Nonlinear Analysis CY JUL 10-17, 1996 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Int Federat Nonlinear Analysts ID PROPAGATION C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gilbert, RP (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0362-546X J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR JI Nonlinear Anal.-Theory Methods Appl. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1535 EP 1546 DI 10.1016/S0362-546X(97)00132-6 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA YV497 UT WOS:000071831000026 ER PT J AU Hoffer, ME Balough, B Henderson, J DeCicco, M Wester, D O'Leary, MJ Kopke, R AF Hoffer, ME Balough, B Henderson, J DeCicco, M Wester, D O'Leary, MJ Kopke, R TI Use of sustained release vehicles in the treatment of Meniere's disease SO OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GENTAMICIN; LABYRINTHECTOMY AB Over the years, a variety of empirical regimens have evolved using intratympanic gentamicin to treat the vertigo associated with Meniere's disease. Although these regimens have been effective, their application is not without risk. Many of the problems associated with intratympanic medications could be overcome with the use of a sustained release vehicle. This article examines the role of such vehicles in the treatment of Meniere's disease and how sustained release vehicles might impact future treatment for this disabling disease. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Vestibular Balance Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Hoffer, ME (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Vestibular Balance Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0030-6665 J9 OTOLARYNG CLIN N AM JI Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1159 EP + PG 10 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA YQ465 UT WOS:000071390500021 PM 9386250 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DS Shope, TR AF Wheeler, DS Shope, TR TI Depressed skull fracture in a 7-month-old who fell from bed SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Uniformed Services Pediatric Seminar CY MAR 01-05, 1997 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX ID CHILDREN FALL; HEAD-INJURY; CHILDHOOD C1 USN HOSP,DEPT CLIN INVEST,MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. USN HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1997 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1034 DI 10.1542/peds.100.6.1033 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YJ314 UT WOS:A1997YJ31400035 PM 9374578 ER PT J AU Sieck, A Porezag, D Frauenheim, T Pederson, MR Jackson, K AF Sieck, A Porezag, D Frauenheim, T Pederson, MR Jackson, K TI Structure and vibrational spectra of low-energy silicon clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SMALL SI CLUSTERS; TIGHT-BINDING; SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; EQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURES; IONS; MICROCLUSTERS; APPROXIMATION; CONSTRUCTION AB We have identified low-energy structures of silicon clusters with 9 to 14 atoms using a nonorthogonal tight-binding method (TB) based on density-functional theory (DF). We have further investigated the resulting structures with an accurate all-electron first-principles technique. The results for cohesive energies, cluster geometries, and highest occupied to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gaps show an overall good agreement between DF-TB and self-consistent-field (SCF) DF theory. For Si-9 and Si-14, we have found equilibrium structures, whereas for Si-11, Si-12, and Si-13, we present clusters with energies close to that of the corresponding ground-state structure recently proposed in the literature. The bonding scheme of clusters in this size range is different from the bulk tetrahedral symmetry. The most stable structures, characterized by low energies and large HOMO-LUMO gaps, have similar common subunits. To aid in their experimental identification, we have computed the full vibrational spectra of the structures, dong with the Raman activities, IR intensities, and static polarizabilities, using SCF-DF theory within the local-density approximation (LDA). This method has already been successfully applied to the determination of Raman and IR spectra of silicon clusters with 3-8, 10, 13, 20, and 21 atoms. [S1050-2947(97)05512-1]. C1 USN,RES LAB,COMPLEX SYST THEORY BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. CENT MICHIGAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MT PLEASANT,MI 48859. RP Sieck, A (reprint author), TECH UNIV CHEMNITZ,INST PHYS,D-09107 CHEMNITZ,GERMANY. RI Frauenheim, Thomas/C-5653-2015 OI Frauenheim, Thomas/0000-0002-3073-0616 NR 45 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 1997 VL 56 IS 6 BP 4890 EP 4898 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.4890 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YK233 UT WOS:A1997YK23300068 ER PT J AU Ekin, JW Xu, YZ Mao, S Venkatesan, T Face, DW Eddy, M Wolf, SA AF Ekin, JW Xu, YZ Mao, S Venkatesan, T Face, DW Eddy, M Wolf, SA TI Correlation between d-wave pairing behavior and magnetic-field-dependent zero-bias conductance peak SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-C; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PENETRATION DEPTH; ORDER-PARAMETER; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; THIN-FILMS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; JUNCTIONS; SYMMETRY AB We consistently observe a magnetic-field-dependent conductance peak at zero-bias voltage in a wide range of superconductor/noble-metal junctions fabricated from oxide superconductors (YBa2Cu3O7-delta and Tl2Ba2CaCu2O) that have been reported to exhibit d-wave pairing behavior; however, no measurable peak appears in similar junctions made from an s-wave oxide superconductor (Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4) Explanations of this correlation are considered in terms of the Appelbaum-Anderson model for magnetic interface scattering and the midgap-state model for d-wave interface states. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. DUPONT CENT RES & DEV,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOL INC,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93111. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Ekin, JW (reprint author), NIST,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009; Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 55 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 21 BP 13746 EP 13749 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.13746 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YJ879 UT WOS:A1997YJ87900040 ER PT J AU Kendziora, C Qadri, SB Skelton, E AF Kendziora, C Qadri, SB Skelton, E TI Pb substitution in the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta high-T-c superconductor: Cation overdoping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC RAMAN-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ANISOTROPY; GAP AB We study the effects of Pb substitution in single crystals of the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. We compare Pb-substituted samples with ''pure'' (unsubstituted) crystals in terms of structure, cation composition, and the temperature dependences of ac susceptibility and Raman scattering. We find that Pb2+ primarily substitutes for Bi3+, leading directly to a T-c, reduction characteristic of overdoped samples. We also observe structural changes related to the superlattice modulation along b*. Raman scattering studies indicate that some Pb atoms go to Sr sites. Low-temperature electronic Raman scattering shows further evidence for cation overdoping by comparison with oxygen annealed pure Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. RP USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 22 BP 14717 EP 14722 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.14717 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YL011 UT WOS:A1997YL01100073 ER PT J AU Blank, M Danly, BG Levush, B Latham, PE Pershing, DE AF Blank, M Danly, BG Levush, B Latham, PE Pershing, DE TI Experimental demonstration of a W-band gyroklystron amplifier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GYROKLYSTRON; AMPLIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN AB The experimental demonstration of a four cavity W-band (93 GHz) gyroklystron amplifier is reported. The gyroklystron has produced 67 kW peak output power and 28% efficiency in the TE011 mode using a 55 kV, 4.3 A electron beam. The full width at half maximum instantaneous bandwidth is greater than 460 MHz, a significant increase over the bandwidth demonstrated in previous W-band gyroklystron amplifier experiments. The amplifier is unconditionally stable at this operating point. Experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. RP Blank, M (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6840,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 14 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 22 BP 4485 EP 4488 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.4485 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YJ388 UT WOS:A1997YJ38800047 ER PT J AU Richman, A Malone, E Nolle, DB AF Richman, A Malone, E Nolle, DB TI Testing foreign policy belief structures of the American public in the post-cold war period: Gross validations from two national surveys SO POLITICAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB The basic attitudinal structure underlying the American public's foreign policy preferences is assessed by using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on two major post-cold war surveys containing many similarly worded questions-by the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations (CC, 10/94) and the Times Mirror Center (TM, 9/93). Although previous studies had stressed only two or three primary attitudinal factors and usually ignored factor intercorrelations, our exploratory analyses of these data sets consistently yielded at least four distinct and readily interpretable factors, including two correlated "outward-focused" factors (Global Altruism and U.S. Global Interest), a U.S. Domestic issues factor bearing on foreign policy (e.g., jobs protection), and a Military Security factor. Building upon these results, confirmatory factor analyses using LISREL found that a four-factor model provided probabilistically close fits to both the CC and TM data sets and that accuracy of fits declined with various simpler models. C1 US Informat Agcy, Res Off, Washington, DC 20547 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Richman, A (reprint author), US Informat Agcy, Res Off, 301 4th St SW, Washington, DC 20547 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV UTAH PI SALT LAKE CITY PA WESTERN POLITICAL QUARTERLY, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA SN 1065-9129 J9 POLIT RES QUART JI Polit. Res. Q. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 939 EP 955 DI 10.2307/448994 PG 17 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA V2788 UT WOS:000168702500011 ER PT J AU Rizos, AK Ngai, KL Plazek, DJ AF Rizos, AK Ngai, KL Plazek, DJ TI Local segmental and sub-Rouse modes in polyisobutylene by photon correlation spectroscopy SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE segmental and sub-Rouse modes; photon correlation; coupling parameter ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION SPECTROSCOPY; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; FREQUENCY RELAXATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYISOPRENE AB Photon correlation spectroscopy has been successfully employed to study the dynamics of the local segmental and sub-Rouse motion of a monodisperse polyisobutylene near and above the glass transition temperature. The separation between the maxima of the two peaks corresponding to these two viscoelastic mechanisms is obtained for several temperatures. The temperature dependence of the local segmental relaxation times as compared to the sub-Rouse modes relaxation times is noticeably stronger. The segmental correlation function can be well described by a Kohlrausch's stretched exponential function with an exponent beta(alpha) = 0.56. At this time, photon correlation spectroscopy is the only experimental means that can determine the correlation of the local segmental motion of polyisobutylene directly. The small value of the coupling parameter of PIB, n(alpha) = 1 - beta(alpha) = 0.44, among amorphous polymers support the interpretation of its unusual viscoelastic properties. This value of n(alpha) directly determined from photon correlation spectroscopy, is consistent with the value deduced indirectly from other experiments. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 FDN RES & TECHNOL HELLAS,IRAKLION 71110,GREECE. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. UNIV PITTSBURGH,MAT SCI & ENGN DEPT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. RP Rizos, AK (reprint author), UNIV CRETE,DEPT CHEM,POB 1527,IRAKLION 71110,GREECE. RI Rizos, Apostolos/F-6807-2011 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD DEC PY 1997 VL 38 IS 25 BP 6103 EP 6107 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(97)00188-2 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YD128 UT WOS:A1997YD12800003 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RS Lanham, DS Drexler, JM Massey, CJ Lilienthal, MG AF Kennedy, RS Lanham, DS Drexler, JM Massey, CJ Lilienthal, MG TI A comparison of cybersickness incidences, symptom profiles, measurement techniques, and suggestions for further research SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments Conference of the FIVE Working Group CY DEC 18-19, 1995 CL UNIV LONDON, QUEEN MARY & WESTFIELD COLL, LONDON, ENGLAND SP FIVE Working Grp HO UNIV LONDON, QUEEN MARY & WESTFIELD COLL ID FLIGHT SIMULATORS; MOTION SICKNESS; VISION AB The widespread use of virtual environment (VE) systems in a variety of applications has serious implications for the user. Users with access to these sophisticated interactive "immersions" in multisensory, three-dimensional (3D) synthetic environments have been shown to experience motion sickness-like symptoms (i.e., eyestrain, ataxia, fatigue, drowsiness) and aftereffects such as visual flashbacks, disorientation, and balance disturbances occasionally occurring up to 12 hours after VE exposure. This is a significant health and safety concern. Technical improvements of VE systems need to be initiated to reduce these potential aftereffects that could result in adverse legal, economic, individual, and social consequences. Many different types of symptoms have been reported that appear-to make up the cybersickness syndrome. From our extensive database of virtual environment and flight simulator exposures, we offer examples of these symptoms profiles along with suspected mechanisms and origins. We discuss these issues as well as various assessment techniques and methods used to determine the presence of VE sickness in individuals. C1 Essex Corp, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. USN, Med Res Dev Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Kennedy, RS (reprint author), Essex Corp, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 6 IS 6 BP 638 EP 644 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA YN487 UT WOS:000071173500005 ER PT J AU Landwehr, CE Goldschlag, DM AF Landwehr, CE Goldschlag, DM TI Security issues in networks with Internet access SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE authentication; computer network security; cryptography; Internet AB This paper describes the basic principles of designing and administering a relatively secure network. The principles are illustrated by describing the security issues a hypothetical company faces as the networks that support its operations evolve from strictly private, through a mix of Internet and private nets, to a final state in which the Internet is fully integrated into its operations and the company participates in international electronic commerce. At each stage, the vulnerabilities and threats that the company faces, the counter measures that it considers, and the residual risk the company accepts are noted. Network security policy and services are discussed, and a description of Internet architecture and vulnerabilities provides additional technical detail underlying the scenario. Last, a number of building blocks for secure networks are presented that can mitigate some of the vulnerabilities. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landwehr, CE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD DEC PY 1997 VL 85 IS 12 BP 2034 EP 2051 DI 10.1109/5.650183 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YP089 UT WOS:000071240100011 ER PT J AU Stumborg, MF Santiago, F Chu, TK Boulais, KA AF Stumborg, MF Santiago, F Chu, TK Boulais, KA TI An inexpensive, low-energy, ionized gas source for molecular beam epitaxy applications SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Many molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) applications require a source of ionized gas atoms or molecules. However, the high gas pressures and high kinetic energies associated with many standard gas sources can be detrimental to MBE deposition. These disadvantages are addressed here by an ionized gas source fabricated from a common laboratory ionization gauge. The source described here produces 100 eV gas ions while maintaining vacuums of better than 10(-8) mbar. This source has the additional advantage of being inexpensive and simple to construct. Design, construction, and operation of the source will be presented. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Stumborg, MF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 68 IS 12 BP 4621 EP 4622 DI 10.1063/1.1148444 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA YM344 UT WOS:000071054200055 ER PT J AU van Keuren, DK AF van Keuren, DK TI The invention that changed the world: How a small group of radar pioneers won the Second World War and launched a technological revolution. SO REVIEWS IN AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP van Keuren, DK (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0048-7511 J9 REV AM HIST JI Rev. Am. Hist. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 643 EP 647 PG 5 WC History SC History GA YM334 UT WOS:000071053200022 ER PT J AU Hillenbrand, C AF Hillenbrand, C TI UUV science & technology trends SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, Hydrodynam Branch, Newport, RI 02840 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, UUV Sci & Technol Dev, Newport, RI USA. RP Hillenbrand, C (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, Hydrodynam Branch, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 38 IS 12 BP 10 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA YM679 UT WOS:000071088900002 ER PT J AU Baski, AA Erwin, SC Whitman, LJ AF Baski, AA Erwin, SC Whitman, LJ TI The structure of silicon surfaces from (001) to (111) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high-index surfaces; morphology; reconstruction; scanning tunneling microscopy; silicon; surface structure ID ORIENTATIONAL PHASE-DIAGRAM; VICINAL SI(111) SURFACES; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; STEPS; SI(001); MICROSCOPY; SI; TRICRITICALITY; RECONSTRUCTION; TEMPLATES AB We describe the structure of silicon surfaces oriented between (001) and (111) as determined by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and first-principles, total-energy calculations. In addition to reviewing: and reproducing the structures reported for the few surfaces previously studied, we describe a number of additional surfaces in order to provide a complete overview of the (001)-to(111) surface morphology. As the sample orientation is tilted from (001) to (111) (theta=0 degrees to 54.7 degrees), the surface morphology varies as follows: (1) Si(001) to Si(114)=(001)-like surfaces composed of dimers separated by steps (both rebonded and nonrebonded); (2) Si(114) to Si(113)=mesoscale sawtooth facets composed of the stable (114)-2 x 1 and (113)-3 x 2 planes; (3) Si(113) to Si(5 5 12)=mesofacets composed of (113)-3 x 2 and (5 5 12)-like planes; (4) Si(5 5 12) to similar to Si(223)=nanoscale sawtooth facets composed of (5 5 12)-like and unit-cell-wide (111)-7x7 planes; and (5) similar to Si(223) to Si(111)=(111)-7x7 terraces separated primarily by single-and triple-layer steps. The change in the surface morphology is accompanied by a change in the composition of surface structural units, progressing from (001)-like structures (e.g. dimers, rebonded steps, and tetramers) to (111)-like structures (pi-bonded chains, adatoms and dimer-chain walls). The resultant morphology is a delicate balance between the reduction of dangling bond density achieved by the formation of these structural units, and the resulting surface stress associated with their unusual bond angles and bond lengths. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Baski, AA (reprint author), VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,DEPT PHYS,RICHMOND,VA 23284, USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Baski, Alison/0000-0002-8985-8067 NR 33 TC 145 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 392 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00499-8 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YL162 UT WOS:A1997YL16200020 ER PT J AU Mercer, TW Russell, JN Pehrsson, PE AF Mercer, TW Russell, JN Pehrsson, PE TI The effect of a hydrogen plasma on the diamond (110) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE electron energy loss spectroscopy; etching; faceting; low energy electron diffraction (LEED); plasma processing; surface roughening AB Hydrogen plasma processing has become a valuable method for generating smooth C(100) and C(111) surfaces. Herein, the generality of the method is examined by applying it to the C(110) surface. Using scanning force microscopy (SFM) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED), it is found that plasma conditions appropriate for smoothing C(100) and C(111) result in(lll) faceted pits on the C(110)surface. LEED indicates that a freshly polished C(110) surface also consists of (111) facets despite its optically smooth appearance. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Mercer, TW (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,GAS SURFACE DYNAM SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Russell, John/A-3621-2009 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 392 IS 1-3 BP L21 EP L26 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00680-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YL162 UT WOS:A1997YL16200005 ER PT J AU Noreen, H Lin, YS Davidson, M Johnson, S Segall, M AF Noreen, H Lin, YS Davidson, M Johnson, S Segall, M TI Identification of the DRB1*1313 allele in a sibling pair SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE HLA class II; HLA-DRB1; polymorphism; recombination ID HLA SYSTEM; NOMENCLATURE AB Sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization (PCR/SSOP), which is now routinely used in HLA laboratories to type for alleles of the class II loci, can also detect the presence of previously unknown alleles. In the course of clinical typing for DRB1, we identified two samples with probe hybridization patterns appropriate for DRB1*1313, a previously submitted sequence that had been withdrawn. Direct sequencing showed that the two individuals carried an allele with an exon 2 sequence identical to that previously submitted for DRB1*1313. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Fairview Univ, Med Ctr, Immunol Histocompatibil Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Segall, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Harvard St & E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD DEC PY 1997 VL 50 IS 6 BP 675 EP 677 DI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02932.x PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA YL733 UT WOS:000070987400020 PM 9458127 ER PT J AU Nakamura, N Casey, KM Jones, JE AF Nakamura, N Casey, KM Jones, JE TI Organ donation relationship between US Military Hospitals and Japanese organ network SO TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress of the Society-for-Organ-Sharing CY JUL 10-12, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Soc Organ Sharing, Sandoz, Fujisawa, Biotrin, Hoffman La Roche, Ortho Biotech, Sang Stat, Trans Med Corp, Waters Instruments, Wyeth Ayerst Labs C1 Okinawa Chubu Hosp, Dept Urol, Okinawa, Japan. Okinawa US Navy Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Okinawa, Japan. RP Nakamura, N (reprint author), 208-3 Miyasato, Gushikawa City, Okinawa 90422, Japan. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0041-1345 J9 TRANSPLANT P JI Transplant. Proc. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 29 IS 8 BP 3220 EP 3222 DI 10.1016/S0041-1345(97)00878-6 PG 3 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA YL514 UT WOS:000070963500015 PM 9414686 ER PT J AU Thalmann, ED Parker, EC Survanshi, SS Weathersby, PK AF Thalmann, ED Parker, EC Survanshi, SS Weathersby, PK TI Improved probabilistic decompression model risk predictions using linear-exponential kinetics SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diving; decompression sickness; gas kinetics; maximum likelihood; air; nitrogen-oxygen ID SICKNESS; TIME AB Using a data base of 2,383 air and nitrogen-oxygen dives resulting in 131 cases of decompression sickness (DCS), risk functions were developed for a set of probabilistic decompression models according to survival analysis techniques. Parameters were optimized using the method of maximum likelihood. Gas kinetics were either traditional exponential uptake and elimination, or an exponential uptake followed by linear elimination (LE kinetics) when calculated supersaturation was excessive. Risk functions either used the calculated relative gas supersaturation directly, or a delayed risk using a time integral of prior supersaturation. The most successful model (considering both incidence and time of onset of DCS) used supersaturation risk, and LE kinetics (in only 1 of 3 parallel compartments). Several methods of explicitly incorporating metabolic gases in physiologically plausible functions were usually found in lumped threshold terms and did not explicitly affect the overall data fit. The role of physiologic fidelity vs. empirical data fitting ability in accounting for model success is discussed. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Thalmann, ED (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 4 BP 255 EP 274 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YP935 UT WOS:000071330800003 PM 9444058 ER PT J AU Sharpe, RP Broome, JR AF Sharpe, RP Broome, JR TI Spinal cord lipid levels in a porcine model of spinal cord decompression sickness SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression sickness; decompression illness; pigs; porcine; spinal cord; total lipid ID BUBBLE AB Spinal cord lipid content was analyzed in 50 pigs that had experienced a simulated dive known to produce 20-80% incidence of neurologic decompression sickness (DCS). Using air and heliox as breathing mixtures, these animals underwent chamber dives ranging from 200-250 feet of seawater (fsw). These dives were designed to generate spinal cord DCS, which was detected by observing the animals for gross neurologic deficits. Using a standardized method, cylindrical samples of cord were cut from different spinal levels and analyzed for total lipid (TL) content, which produced two cervical, three thoracic, and two lumbar samples. All areas with gross hemorrhage were also sampled. The range of TL(mean) in milligrams per gram from the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions were 118-679 (319), 140-635 (366), and 109-658 (307), respectively. Although this implies that TL varies markedly between cords, values within each cord were fairly consistent (+/- 20% from cord mean). The difference in TL values between cord regions with and without hemorrhage was not significant (P > 0.1). This reveals that increased spinal cord TL levels, together with their presumed dissolved inert gas, do not play a major role in the location or incidence of spinal cord hemorrhages in pigs with clinical signs of spinal cord DCS. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Sharpe, RP (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 4 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YP935 UT WOS:000071330800009 PM 9444064 ER PT J AU Kayar, SR Aukhert, EO Axley, MJ Homer, LD Harabin, AL AF Kayar, SR Aukhert, EO Axley, MJ Homer, LD Harabin, AL TI Lower decompression sickness risk in rats by intravenous injection of foreign protein SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diving; complement activation; helium; hydrogen; hyperbaria; immune system; inflammatory response ID COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; BLOOD; INVOLVEMENT; RABBITS AB We have identified a novel means of reducing the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) in rats. A substantial reduction in DCS, from 55% in untreated animals to 24% in animals injected intravenously with a hydrogenase of bacterial origin, was documented for animals breathing a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen. However, this reduction was clearly not a function of metabolic elimination of H-2; injections of proteins lacking hydrogenase activity also elicited a lower DCS incidence, and animals breathing hyperbaric helium had the same protective advantage as animals breathing H-2. The reduction in DCS risk was shown to be caused by intravenous injection of a foreign protein. The magnitude of the effect varied: two foreign proteins tested did not induce a statistically significant response. We speculated that the foreign protein elicited an immune reaction pre-dive, which diminished the subsequent response of the immune system in DCS. Identifying the underlying mechanism may be important to understanding the pathophysiology of this malady, and may ultimately lead to a therapy applied pre-decompression for reducing DCS risk in human diving. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Kayar, SR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 4 BP 329 EP 335 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YP935 UT WOS:000071330800010 PM 9444065 ER PT J AU Rice, BE Rollins, DM Mallinson, ET Carr, L Joseph, SW AF Rice, BE Rollins, DM Mallinson, ET Carr, L Joseph, SW TI Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens: colonization and humoral immunity following oral vaccination and experimental infection SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; vaccination; chickens ID FETUS SUBSP JEJUNI; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; CECAL COLONIZATION; CHOLERA-TOXIN; HOST LINEAGE; POULTRY; COLI; FLOCKS; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOGENICITY AB A formalin inactivated, Campylobacter jejuni whole cell vaccine, either with or without Escherichia coli heat labile toxin (LT) as a mucosal adjuvant, was administered orally to broiler chickens. Three vaccine trials were performed, differing in the number of vaccinations, and time of administration, as well as the inclusion and dose of LT. The overall reductions of C. jejuni colonization in the vaccinated chickens ranged from 16 to 93% compared with non-vaccinated controls. Enhanced levels of anti-C. jejuni secretory IgA antibodies were demonstrated in vaccinated chickens. Vaccination also appeared to induce an anamnestic response to C. jejuni antigens in the 14-33 kDa range, as demonstrated by Western immunoblots. Interestingly, the inclusion of LT in the vaccine regimen did not appear to boost the immunogenicity of the vaccine. These results are encouraging and suggest that future development of successful oral vaccines for the control of enteropathogenic Campylobacter in poultry is feasible. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,VPI UMD REG COLL VET MED,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BIOL RESOURCES ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Rice, BE (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST,ENTER DIS PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889, USA. NR 50 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 17-18 BP 1922 EP 1932 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00126-6 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YJ428 UT WOS:A1997YJ42800018 PM 9413103 ER PT J AU Delsanto, PP Schechter, RS Mignogna, RB AF Delsanto, PP Schechter, RS Mignogna, RB TI Connection machine simulation of ultrasonic wave propagation in materials .3. The three-dimensional case SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article AB A formalism for the simulation by parallel processing of the propagation of ultrasonic pulses of arbitrary shape (i.e. not restricted to continuous waves) in complex media is presented. Recursive relationships yielding the time evolution of the displacement field are derived for both homogeneous and heterogeneous materials. In the latter case, formulas for cross-points at the intersection of up to eight different materials are obtained. A few examples of numerical results obtained with the proposed method are shown to demonstrate its applicability and efficiency. The problem of visualization of the results is also briefly discussed. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. POLITECN TORINO, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, INFM, I-10129 TURIN, ITALY. NR 7 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 329 EP 339 DI 10.1016/S0165-2125(97)00013-9 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA YE164 UT WOS:A1997YE16400003 ER PT J AU Ellis, RJ AF Ellis, RJ TI Severe hypernatremia from sea water ingestion during near-drowning in a hurricane SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SALT C1 USN HOSP ROOSEVELT ROADS,DEPT INTERNAL MED,CEIBA,PR 00742. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 167 IS 6 BP 430 EP 433 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YL334 UT WOS:A1997YL33400013 PM 9426487 ER PT J AU Arquilla, J AF Arquilla, J TI The "velvet" revolution in military affairs SO WORLD POLICY JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Arquilla, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD POLICY INST PI NEW YORK PA NEW SCHOOL SOCIAL RESEARCH 65 FIFTH AVE, STE 413, NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0740-2775 J9 WORLD POLICY J JI World Policy J. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 14 IS 4 BP 32 EP 43 PG 12 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA YR022 UT WOS:000071449200004 ER PT J AU McCormick, GH AF McCormick, GH TI Che Guevara - The legacy of a revolutionary man SO WORLD POLICY JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Terrorism & Irregular Warfare, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP McCormick, GH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Terrorism & Irregular Warfare, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD POLICY INST PI NEW YORK PA NEW SCHOOL SOCIAL RESEARCH 65 FIFTH AVE, STE 413, NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0740-2775 J9 WORLD POLICY J JI World Policy J. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 14 IS 4 BP 63 EP 79 PG 17 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA YR022 UT WOS:000071449200007 ER PT J AU Winkler, DC Accorsi, ML AF Winkler, DC Accorsi, ML TI Application of the patch test to incompatible laminated finite elements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE patch test; laminate; composite; finite element ID PLATE-THEORY; COMPOSITES; STRESSES AB A new patch test is proposed for laminated finite elements. Two single-element tests are presented which establish the necessary conditions for convergence of incompatible laminated elements. These conditions are applied to a family of incompatible laminated elements recently developed by the authors. A method for applying these conditions to establish a general isoparametric formulation is given. Numerical results from several multielement patch tests performed on these elements are discussed. Additional numerical examples that support the findings of these patch tests are also presented. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,STORRS,CT 06269. USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,NEWPORT,RI 02841. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD NOV 30 PY 1997 VL 40 IS 22 BP 4239 EP 4257 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19971130)40:22<4239::AID-NME258>3.3.CO;2-1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA YE581 UT WOS:A1997YE58100009 ER PT J AU L'Esperance, D Williams, BA Fleming, JW AF L'Esperance, D Williams, BA Fleming, JW TI Detection of fluorocarbon intermediates in low-pressure premixed flames by laser-induced fluorescence SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; OH AB Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection of CF, CHF, and CF2 is demonstrated in 10 Torr premixed methane/oxygen flames inhibited with CH3F, CH2F2, and CHF3. We discuss here the detection schemes required and present excitation spectra of CF and CHF. In these flames CF, is a major source of spectral interference. LIF detection of carbonyl fluoride is also investigated. Less than 10% of the F atoms in the flames studied exit the reaction zone as CF2O, based on comparison with low-pressure C2F4/O-2 flames. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP L'Esperance, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6185, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 1997 VL 280 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(97)01084-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YN622 UT WOS:000071188400018 ER PT J AU Gates, K Gragg, WB AF Gates, K Gragg, WB TI Notes on TQR algorithms SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE rational TQR algorithm; LAPACK ID QR AB Historically, the algorithm for completely solving the symmetric tridiagonal eigenvalue problem is the TQR algorithm. Rational variants of TQR were used when only the complete spectrum of eigenvalues was desired since they have the advantage of avoiding square roots. Several historical variants of TQR use fewer operations than the one used in LAPACK; however, these variants have known accuracy problems. In this paper a new variant of TQR is developed which is similar to parts of the variant proposed by Sack (1972). This variant has fewer operations than the one in LAPACK, which results in faster timings, and it avoids the accuracy problems of the other historical variants. In addition, it is shown how the eigenvectors can be recovered from the rational algorithms. C1 UNIV QUEENSLAND,DEPT MATH,BRISBANE,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD NOV 28 PY 1997 VL 86 IS 1 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S0377-0427(97)00155-6 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YK995 UT WOS:A1997YK99500012 ER PT J AU Lukin, KA Li, JC Eaton, PE Gilardi, R AF Lukin, KA Li, JC Eaton, PE Gilardi, R TI Direct metalation of 1,3,5,7-tetranitrocubane with amides of tin and lead. Preparation and chemistry of o-nitrostannanes and o-nitroplumbanes in the cubyl series SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATIC SUBSTITUTION; ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS; CUBANE NUCLEUS; NITROACETYLENES; DERIVATIVES AB Trialkyltin and trialkyllead amides react directly and remarkably easily with 1,3,5,7-tetranitrocubane to form mono-to tetrakis(trialkyltin)- and -(trialkyllead) tetranitrocubanes. These are all stable compounds. The X-ray crystallographic properties of some are given. The (trialkylstannyl)-cubanes react with electrophiles such as bromine with unexpected cleavage of alkyltin bonds rather than cubyl-tin bonds. On the other hand, the (trialkylplumbyl)cubanes do ultimately undergo cubyl-lead bond cleavage. This provides a useful way to achieve substitution on the cubane nucleus and provides access to compounds such as 1,3,5,7-tetrabromo-2,4,6,8-tetranitrocubane. The lead derivatives of tetranitrocubane are also useful for making 1,2,3,5,7-pentanitrocubane and 1,2,3,4,5,7-hexanitrocubane. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60637. USN,RES LAB,STRUCT MATTER LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD NOV 28 PY 1997 VL 62 IS 24 BP 8490 EP 8496 DI 10.1021/jo971308k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA YJ713 UT WOS:A1997YJ71300038 ER PT J AU Hansen, J Sato, M Ruedy, R Lacis, A Asamoah, K Beckford, K Borenstein, S Brown, E Cairns, B Carlson, B Curran, B deCastro, S Druyan, L Etwarrow, P Ferede, T Fox, M Gaffen, D Glascoe, J Gordon, H Hollandsworth, S Jiang, X Johnson, C Lawrence, N Lean, J Lerner, J Lo, K Logan, J Luckett, A McCormick, MP McPeters, R Miller, R Minnis, P Ramberran, I Russell, G Russell, P Stone, P Tegen, I Thomas, S Thomason, L Thompson, A Wilder, J Willson, R Zawodny, J AF Hansen, J Sato, M Ruedy, R Lacis, A Asamoah, K Beckford, K Borenstein, S Brown, E Cairns, B Carlson, B Curran, B deCastro, S Druyan, L Etwarrow, P Ferede, T Fox, M Gaffen, D Glascoe, J Gordon, H Hollandsworth, S Jiang, X Johnson, C Lawrence, N Lean, J Lerner, J Lo, K Logan, J Luckett, A McCormick, MP McPeters, R Miller, R Minnis, P Ramberran, I Russell, G Russell, P Stone, P Tegen, I Thomas, S Thomason, L Thompson, A Wilder, J Willson, R Zawodny, J TI Forcings and chaos in interannual to decadal climate change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; LAND-SURFACE; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; GLOBAL TEMPERATURE; GREENHOUSE GASES AB We investigate the roles of climate forcings and chaos (unforced variability) in climate change via ensembles of climate simulations in which we add forcings one by one. The experiments suggest that most interannual climate variability in the period 1979-1996 at middle and high latitudes is chaotic. But observed SST anomalies, which themselves are partly forced and partly chaotic, account for much of the climate variability at low latitudes and a small portion of the variability at high latitudes. Both a natural radiative forcing (volcanic aerosols) and an anthropogenic forcing (ozone depletion) leave clear signatures in the simulated climate change that are identified in observations. Pinatubo aerosols warm the stratosphere and cool the surface glc:,ally, causing a tendency for regional surface cooling. Ozone depletion cools the lower stratosphere, troposphere and surface, steepening the temperature lapse rate in the troposphere. Solar irradiance effects are small, but our model is inadequate to fully explore this forcing. Well-mixed anthropogenic greenhouse gases cause a large surface warming that, over the 17 years, approximately offsets cooling by the other three mechanisms. Thus the net calculated effect of all measured radiative forcings is approximately zero surface temperature trend and zero heat storage in the ocean for the period 1979-1996. Finally, in addition to the four measured radiative forcings, we add an initial (1979) disequilibrium forcing of +0.65 W/m(2). This forcing yields a global surface warming of about 0.2 degrees C over 1979-1996, close to observations, and measurable heat storage in the ocean. We argue that the results represent evidence of a planetary radiative imbalance of at least 0.5 W/m(2); this disequilibrium presumably represents unrealized warming due to changes of atmospheric composition prior to 1979. One implication of the disequilibrium forcing is an expectation of new record global temperatures in the next few years. The best opportunity for observational confirmation of the disequilibrium is measurement of ocean temperatures adequate to define heat storage. C1 MAST HIGH SCH, QUEENS, NY 11411 USA. CUNY YORK COLL, DEPT NAT SCI, JAMAICA, NY 11451 USA. UNIV MIAMI, DEPT PHYS, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA. BRONX HIGH SCH SCI, BRONX, NY 10468 USA. FAR ROCKAWAY HIGH SCH, BROOKLYN, NY 11691 USA. NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. USN, RES LAB, EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. HARVARD UNIV, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02137 USA. HAMPTON UNIV, DEPT PHYS, HAMPTON, VA 23668 USA. NASA, LANGLEY RES CTR, HAMPTON, VA 23665 USA. NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. MIT, CTR METEOROL, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. POLYTECH UNIV, DIV ENGN, BROOKLYN, NY 11201 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, DEPT APPL PHYS, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, CTR CLIMATE SYST RES, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA. RP Hansen, J (reprint author), NASA, GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES, 2880 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA. RI Lacis, Andrew/D-4658-2012; Carlson, Barbara/D-8319-2012; Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Thomason, Larry/0000-0002-1902-0840 NR 146 TC 144 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D22 BP 25679 EP 25720 DI 10.1029/97JD01495 PG 42 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YH593 UT WOS:A1997YH59300002 ER PT J AU Paluch, IR Lenschow, DH Wang, Q AF Paluch, IR Lenschow, DH Wang, Q TI Arctic boundary layer in the fall season over open and frozen sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATUS CLOUDS; LEADS; RADIATION; ICE; STRATOCUMULUS; ENTRAINMENT; CLOUDINESS; DYNAMICS; BUDGETS; HEAT AB This study is based on aircraft data collected on research flights in the Beaufort Arctic Storms Experiment (BASE). The experiment was conducted during the fall, when the frozen parts of the sea surface and the lower troposphere are subject to strong radiative cooling, while the temperature of the open water stays near -1 or -2 degrees C, leading to the formation of two different types of boundary layers. Data from a boundary layer over open water and a boundary layer over frozen sea surface with open leads are examined in detail. The boundary layer over open water was capped by a stratus layer in which large temperature fluxes were observed. Recent advection of air from the colder coastal regions over warm water was probably responsible for the large temperature differences at the sea-air interface. The boundary layer over ice was clear and very stably stratified, with a low-level potential temperature lapse rate in the 20 -57 K km(-1) range. Turbulent fluxes were very weak or nonexistent, except at the lowest observation level, 40 m above surface, in an area over many open leads. In this boundary layer, wave-like features were common. Some were identified as gravity waves, but others with shorter wavelengths could have been due to horizontal roll vortices generated by convection from the leads. C1 USN, POSTGRAD SCH, DEPT METEOROL, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. RP Paluch, IR (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, MESOSCALE & MICROSCALE METEOROL DIV, POB 3000, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D22 BP 25955 EP 25971 DI 10.1029/97JD01563 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YH593 UT WOS:A1997YH59300019 ER PT J AU Gersonde, R Kyte, FT Bleil, U Diekmann, B Flores, JA Gohl, K Grahl, G Hagen, R Kuhn, G Sierro, FJ Volker, D Abelmann, A Bostwick, JA AF Gersonde, R Kyte, FT Bleil, U Diekmann, B Flores, JA Gohl, K Grahl, G Hagen, R Kuhn, G Sierro, FJ Volker, D Abelmann, A Bostwick, JA TI Geological record and reconstruction of the late Pliocene impact of the Eltanin asteroid in the Southern Ocean SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTICA; HISTORY; ICE AB In 1995, an expedition on board the research vessel FS Polarstern explored the impact site of the Eltanin asteroid in the Southern Ocean, the only known asteroid impact into a deep ocean basin. Analyses of the geological record of the impact region place the event in the late Pliocene (similar to 2.15 Myr) and constrain the sire of the asteroid to be >1 km, The explosive force inferred for this event places it at the threshold of impacts believed to have global consequences, and its study should therefore provide a baseline for the reconstruction and modelling of similar events, which are common on geological timescales. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. UNIV BREMEN,FACHBEREICH GEOWISSENSCH,D-28334 BREMEN,GERMANY. UNIV SALAMANCA,DEPT GEOL,S-37008 SALAMANCA,SPAIN. MACQUARIE UNIV,SCH EARTH SCI,SYDNEY,NSW 2109,AUSTRALIA. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Gersonde, R (reprint author), ALFRED WEGENER INST POLAR & MARINE RES,POSTBOX 120161,D-27515 BREMERHAVEN,GERMANY. RI Sierro, Francisco/A-4714-2008; OI Sierro, Francisco/0000-0002-8647-456X; Kuhn, Gerhard/0000-0001-6069-7485; Gohl, Karsten/0000-0002-9558-2116; Diekmann, Bernhard/0000-0001-5129-3649 NR 34 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 15 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 27 PY 1997 VL 390 IS 6658 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1038/37044 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YH549 UT WOS:A1997YH54900051 PM 11536816 ER PT J AU BashirHashemi, A Gelber, N Gilardi, R AF BashirHashemi, A Gelber, N Gilardi, R TI Norcubanes from cubanes. Novel reaction of amidocubanes with oxalyl chloride SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS AB Amidocubanes react with oxalyl chloride via a ring opening-addition process to give substituted norcubanes. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NRL,STRUCT MATTER LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP BashirHashemi, A (reprint author), ARDEC,GEOCTR INC,B3028,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 47 BP 8137 EP 8140 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(97)10185-X PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA YG599 UT WOS:A1997YG59900005 ER PT J AU Bodnar, JW Killian, J Nagle, M Ramchandani, S AF Bodnar, JW Killian, J Nagle, M Ramchandani, S TI Deciphering the language of the genome SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EUKARYOTIC DNA ORGANIZATION; BINDING-SITES; MINUTE VIRUS; GLOBIN GENE; REGULATORY SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR-BASIS; CONTROL REGION; DOMAIN MODEL; P38 PROMOTER; ELEMENT AB The non-coding DNA in eukaryotic genomes encodes a language which programs organismal growth and development. We show that a linguistic and cryptographic approach can be used to deduce the syntax of this programming language for gene regulation and to compile a dictionary of enhancers which form its words. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 NORTHEASTERN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP Bodnar, JW (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT CHEM,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD NOV 21 PY 1997 VL 189 IS 2 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.1006/jtbi.1997.0507 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA YL184 UT WOS:A1997YL18400008 PM 9405136 ER PT J AU Blumberg, G Kang, MS Klein, MV Kadowaki, K Kendziora, C AF Blumberg, G Kang, MS Klein, MV Kadowaki, K Kendziora, C TI Evolution of magnetic and superconducting fluctuations with doping of high-T-c superconductors SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC RAMAN-SCATTERING; CUPRATE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC INSULATORS; MOTT-HUBBARD SYSTEMS; NORMAL-STATE; SPIN DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BOSE CONDENSATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; GAP; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA AB Electronic Raman scattering from high-and low-energy excitations was studied as a function of temperature, extent of hole doping, and energy of the incident photons in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+/-delta superconductors, For underdoped superconductors, short-range antiferromagnetic (AF) correlations were found to persist with hole doping, and doped single holes were found to be incoherent in the AF environment. Above the superconducting (SC) transition temperature T-c, the system exhibited a sharp Raman resonance of B-1g symmetry and energy of 75 millielectron-volts and a pseudogap for electron-hole excitations below 75 millielectron-volts, a manifestation of a partially coherent state forming from doped incoherent quasi particles, The occupancy of the coherent state increases with cooling until phase ordering at T-c produces a global SC state. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PHYS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. INST CHEM PHYS & BIOPHYS, EE-0001 TALLINN, ESTONIA. UNIV TSUKUBA, INST MAT SCI, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RP UNIV ILLINOIS, NSF SCI & TECHNOL CTR SUPERCONDUCT, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 78 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 21 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5342 BP 1427 EP 1432 DI 10.1126/science.278.5342.1427 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YG858 UT WOS:A1997YG85800034 ER PT J AU Bietenholz, MF Kassim, N Frail, DA Perley, RA Erickson, WC Hajian, AR AF Bietenholz, MF Kassim, N Frail, DA Perley, RA Erickson, WC Hajian, AR TI The radio spectral index of the crab nebula SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, individual (Crab Nebula); radiation mechanisms, nonthermal; radio continuum, ISM; supernova remnants ID SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; EXPANSION; SHELL; ACCELERATION; ALGORITHM; EVOLUTION; FILAMENTS; WFPC2; MHZ AB We present the results of a new, comprehensive investigation of the radio spectral index of the Crab Nebula supernova remnant. New data at 74 MHz are combined with data at 327 MHz, 1.5 GHz, and 5 GHz. In contrast to previous claims, little spatial Variation in the spectral index is seen. In particular, between 327 MHz and 5 GHz we see no evidence of spectral steepening near the edge of the Nebula, the ''jet,'' or the ionized filaments. The rms limits on any spectral index variations in these regions amount to no more than 0.01. We believe that earlier reports of large steepening were the result of correlator bias and image registration problems. An elongated feature was detected 1' northwest of the pulsar, which may be a continuation of the well-known wisplike structures seen closer to the center of the Nebula. At 74 MHz, we see for the first time evidence of free-free absorption by the thermal material in the Crab Nebula's filaments. Apart from some possible renewed acceleration occurring in the wisps, the dominant accelerator of relativistic electrons in the Crab Nebula is the pulsar itself. C1 USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,SOCORRO,NM 87801. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USN OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20392. RP Bietenholz, MF (reprint author), YORK UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. NR 41 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 1997 VL 490 IS 1 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1086/304853 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YG999 UT WOS:A1997YG99900031 ER PT J AU Bershady, MA Majewski, SR Koo, DC Kron, RG Munn, JA AF Bershady, MA Majewski, SR Koo, DC Kron, RG Munn, JA TI The luminosity function for L>L* galaxies at z>3 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, luminosity function, mass function; galaxies, evolution; galaxies, distances and redshifts ID HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; LYMAN LIMIT; QSO FIELDS; POPULATION; COLORS AB Through the use of multiband (U, B-j, R-F, I-N) photometry we have isolated high-redshift (3.0 < z < 3.5) galaxy candidates in surveys of 1.27 deg(2) to R-F = 21.25 and 0.02 deg(2) to R-F = 23.5. Our pool of candidates constrains the nature of the 3.0 < z < 3.5 luminosity function over the range L* less than or similar to L less than or similar to 100L* if we grant a similar level of completeness to these data as for very faint samples (to R = 25.5) selected in a similar fashion. Our constraints agree with the high-redshift sky density at R-F = 20.5 estimated from Yee et al.'s serendipitous discovery of a bright, z = 2.7 galaxy, as well as the density at R-F approximate to 23 by Steidel et al. We strongly rule out-by more than 2 orders of magnitude at M-RF = -25-the L > L* luminosity function for z = 3-5 galaxies obtained by a photometric redshift analysis of the Hubble deep field (HDF) by Gwyn & Hartwick. Our results at R-F approximate to 23 are more consistent with the photometric redshift analysis of the faint HDF galaxies by Sawicki, Lin, & Yee, but our present upper limits at the brightest magnitudes (R-F < 21.5, M-RF < -24) allow more generous volume densities of these super-L* galaxies. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT ASTRON, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT ASTRON, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, UNIV CALIF OBSERV, LICK OBSERV, BOARD STUDIES ASTRON & ASTROPHYS, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064 USA. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, BATAVIA, IL 60510 USA. USN OBSERV, FLAGSTAFF STN, FLAGSTAFF, AZ 86002 USA. RP Bershady, MA (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS, 525 DAVEY LAB, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 1997 VL 490 IS 1 BP L41 EP L45 DI 10.1086/310995 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YH001 UT WOS:A1997YH00100011 ER PT J AU Patrick, HJ Kersey, AD Burns, WK Moeller, RP AF Patrick, HJ Kersey, AD Burns, WK Moeller, RP TI Erbium-doped superfluorescent fibre source with long period fibre grating wavelength stabilisation SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE erbium; superradiance; fibre optic gyroscopes ID STABILITY; BAND AB The authors have reduced the temperature dependence of the mean wavelength of an erbium-doped superfluorescent fibre source to below 0.08p,m/degrees C (0.05ppm/degrees C) using a long period fibre grating. This is greater than a 100-fold improvement on the 9.6pm/degrees C (6.2ppm/degrees C) intrinsic temperature dependence of the source. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cidra Corp, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. RP Patrick, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 1997 VL 33 IS 24 BP 2061 EP 2063 DI 10.1049/el:19971376 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YX455 UT WOS:000072041700045 ER PT J AU Bitterwolf, TE Haener, JL Shade, JE Rheingold, AL Yap, GPA AF Bitterwolf, TE Haener, JL Shade, JE Rheingold, AL Yap, GPA TI Ligand exchange photochemistry of M-2(CO)(4)(mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4) (M = Fe or Ru) and thermal acetylene exchange of Ru-2(CO)(mu-CO)[mu-eta(1):eta(1)-(C6H5)(2)C-2](mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C 5H4) - The molecular structures of Ru-2(CO)(sigma-C6H5)(mu-CO)[mu-P(C6H5)(2)](mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4) and Ru-2(CO)(mu-CO)[mu-eta(1),eta(3)-C6H5C=C(C6H5)O]-(mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4C H2C5H4) SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron; ruthenium; cyclopentadienyls; carbonyls; bimetallic complexes; photochemistry; acetylenes ID DINUCLEAR METAL CENTERS; ORGANIC-CHEMISTRY; COMPLEXES; REACTIVITY AB Photolysis of Fe-2(CO)(4)(mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4) in the presence of phosphines or phosphites results in the formation of simple carbonyl substitution products Fe-2(CO)(mu-CO)(2)L(mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4) or Fe-2(mu-CO)(2)L-2(mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4). Acetylenes react photochemically with the diiron compound to give vinylketone-bridged derivatives of the form Fe-2(CO)(mu-CO)[mu-eta(1):eta(3)- RC=C(R)CO](mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4), where R = CH3O2C and C6H5. Reaction of Ru-2(CO)(4)(mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4) With triphenylphosphine under photochemical conditions resulted in loss of two carbon monoxide ligands and P-C insertion by ruthenium to yield Ru-2(CO)(sigma-C6H5)(mu-CO)[mu-P(C6H5)(2)](mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4). Photolysis of Ru-2(CO)(4)(mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4) With diphenylacetylene gave the previously reported Ru-2(CO)(2)(mu-CO)[mu-eta(1):eta(1)-(C6H5)(2)C-2](mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4) and an air oxidation product, Ru-2(CO)(mu-CO)[mu-eta(1):eta(3)-C6H5C=C(C6H5)O](mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4). The diphenylacetylene derivative underwent acetylene exchange, but did not undergo exchange with triphenylphosphine. All compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic methods, elemental analysis and/or mass spectroscopy. The molecular structures of two ruthenium compounds were determined by X-ray crystallography. Ru-2(CO)(sigma-C6H5)(mu-CO)[mu-P(C6H5)(2)](mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4): monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 13.902(3) Angstrom, b = 13.283(3) Angstrom, c = 14.426(4) Angstrom, beta = 101.62(2)degrees, V = 2609(1) Angstrom(3), z = 4, R(F)= 3.98%. RU2(CO)(mu-CO)[mu-eta(1):eta(3)- C6H5C=C(C6H5)O](mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4): orthorhombic, Pccn, a = 15.000(4) Angstrom, b = 15.662(4) Angstrom, c = 19.053(4) Angstrom, V = 4476(2) Angstrom(3), z = 8, R(F)= 3.05%. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Bitterwolf, TE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD NOV 20 PY 1997 VL 547 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1016/S0022-328X(96)06770-8 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA YN413 UT WOS:000071127300002 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Stuart, SJ Robertson, DH White, CT AF Harrison, JA Stuart, SJ Robertson, DH White, CT TI Properties of capped nanotubes when used as SPM tips SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CARBON NANOTUBES; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; MODULUS; SURFACE AB The utility of hemispherically capped single-wall carbon nanotubes for use as scanning force microscope tips is investigated for the first time using molecular dynamics. These simulations show that [10,10] armchair nanotubes recover reversibly after interaction with a hydrogen-terminated diamond (111) substrate. The [10,10] tube exhibits two mechanisms for releasing stresses induced by indentation: a marked inversion of the capped end, from concave to convex, and finning along the tube's axis. C1 INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT MAT,OXFORD OX11 3PH,ENGLAND. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN ACAD,DEPT CHEM,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402, USA. RI Stuart, Steven/H-1111-2012 NR 21 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 20 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 47 BP 9682 EP 9685 DI 10.1021/jp972261+ PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YH531 UT WOS:A1997YH53100002 ER PT J AU Moore, CI Ting, A Krushelnick, K Esarey, E Hubbard, RF Hafizi, B Burris, HR Manka, C Sprangle, P AF Moore, CI Ting, A Krushelnick, K Esarey, E Hubbard, RF Hafizi, B Burris, HR Manka, C Sprangle, P TI Electron trapping in self-modulated laser Wakefields by Raman backscatter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATOR; PLASMAS; PULSE; PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; GENERATION AB Simultaneous measurements of high energy electrons and plasma-wave characteristics have been conducted in a self-modulated laser-wakefield accelerator. Approximately 10(8) electrons were accelerated from the background plasma to energies greater than 1 MeV with a peak energy of approximately 30 MeV. A strong correlation between the plasma-wave amplitude and electron production was measured with no evidence of wave breaking. Simulations indicate plasma electrons are trapped by the low-phase-velocity beat waves produced by backward Raman scattering. C1 OMEGA P INC,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. CORNELL UNIV,PLASMA STUDIES LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. ICARUS RES INC,BETHESDA,MD 20824. RES SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS INC,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22314. RP Moore, CI (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 28 TC 139 Z9 139 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 20 BP 3909 EP 3912 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3909 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YF786 UT WOS:A1997YF78600028 ER PT J AU Culbertson, A Rodgers, W AF Culbertson, A Rodgers, W TI Improving managerial effectiveness in the workplace: The case of sexual harassment of navy women SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORK; CLIMATE; ORGANIZATIONS; BEHAVIOR; JOB AB A decision-making model is used to test causal relationships between a set of constructs thought to be important in understanding the organizational effects of sexual harassment. The model explores the causal linkages between women Navy personnel perceptions of the organization's climate regarding sexual harassment, experiences, and judgments of inappropriate sexual behaviors, and resulting decisions ultimately affecting the organization. The findings advance our understanding of important causal variables in preventing sexual harassment, along with providing managers an early warning or screening device to aid in moderating this contemporary workplace issue. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Anderson Grad Sch Management, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USN, Ctr Personnel Res & Dev, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Rodgers, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Anderson Grad Sch Management, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD NOV 16 PY 1997 VL 27 IS 22 BP 1953 EP 1971 DI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb01634.x PG 19 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA YT185 UT WOS:000071574000001 ER PT J AU Sun, TB Balchin, GA Smith, LM Jonker, BT AF Sun, TB Balchin, GA Smith, LM Jonker, BT TI Driven spin-transport of exciton magnetic polarons in Zn0.86Mn0.14Se/ZnSe quantum wells SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Optics of Excitons in Confined Systems (OECS 5) CY AUG 10-14, 1997 CL GOTTINGEN, GERMANY AB We use spatially-and temporally-resolved photoluminescence to study the transport properties of Type-II exciton magnetic polarons in semimagnetic ZnMnSe/ZnSe multiple quantum wells. At low excitation densities, we find that the EMP are localized (no expansion away from the excitation point) as expected by theory. In contrast. at high excitation densities the EMP are observed to expand rapidly away from the laser excitation spot with velocities approaching twice the speed of sound. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Sun, TB (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Smith, Leigh/A-1071-2009 OI Smith, Leigh/0000-0002-3950-1713 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD NOV 16 PY 1997 VL 164 IS 1 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.1002/1521-396X(199711)164:1<547::AID-PSSA547>3.0.CO;2-D PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YP830 UT WOS:000071319400107 ER PT J AU Ohorodnik, SK Shaffer, RE Callahan, JH RosePehrsson, SL AF Ohorodnik, SK Shaffer, RE Callahan, JH RosePehrsson, SL TI Mixture analysis using membrane introduction mass spectrometry and multivariate calibration SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; CHEMOMETRICS AB Membrane introduction mass spectrometry has been coupled with multivariate calibration for the analysis of volatile organic compound (VOC) mixtures, Three mixtures of increasing complexity were modeled using muE tivariate calibration methods. Multivariate calibration models built using partial least-squares (PLS) regression were compared with univariate calibration for the analysis of a benzene, toluene, and p-xylene (BTX) mixture and an ethylbenzene and p-xylene (EX) mixture, The univariate and multivariate calibration methods performed similarly for the BTX mixture with prediction errors of <15%. For the isomer EX mixture, the PLS model outperformed the univariate model having prediction errors between 8 and 13% compared to errors of 40% for the univariate model, The third mixture, containing all four analytes (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene), was modeled using PLS and resulted in calibration relative errors of 6-15% and prediction relative errors of 3-48%, This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using membrane introduction mass spectrometry with multivariate calibration for the analysis of complex VOC mixtures. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 22 BP 4721 EP 4727 DI 10.1021/ac970125v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA YF130 UT WOS:A1997YF13000035 ER PT J AU Michelson, AD Barnard, MR MacGregor, H Valeri, CR AF Michelson, AD Barnard, MR MacGregor, H Valeri, CR TI Function of cryopreserved platelets. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,WORCESTER,MA. USN,BLOOD RES LAB,BOSTON,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 1174 EP 1174 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42401173 ER PT J AU Rozler, E Brandt, J Gottmann, D Santolaya, J Davis, T Hoffman, R AF Rozler, E Brandt, J Gottmann, D Santolaya, J Davis, T Hoffman, R TI Cocultivation with porcine endothelial cells leads to extensive amplification of cord blood CD34(+)CD38(-) cell compartment. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 1752 EP 1752 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42401748 ER PT J AU Chute, JP Saini, AA Kampen, R Wells, MR Davis, TA AF Chute, JP Saini, AA Kampen, R Wells, MR Davis, TA TI Porcine microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) induce quiescent CD34(+)CD38(+) cells to enter cell cycle while maintaining their primitive cell adhesion molecule profile. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,MED RES INST,STEM CELL BIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3491 EP 3491 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG425 UT WOS:A1997YG42500801 ER PT J AU Clifford, M Horton, C Schmitz, J Kantha, LH AF Clifford, M Horton, C Schmitz, J Kantha, LH TI An oceanographic nowcast/forecast system for the Red Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COORDINATE OCEAN MODELS; DEEP-WATER; RENEWAL AB We describe the application of a nowcast/forecast system for three-dimensional currents, temperature, and salinity to the Red Sea. The modeling system is constructed around a high-resolution (6 x 7 km) primitive-equation numerical circulation model with complete thermodynamics and an imbedded turbulence closure submodel. It is coupled to near-real-time databases containing meteorological forecasts and remotely sensed and in situ temperature and salinity data. The temperature and salinity data are ingested into the model daily using a nudged objective analysis technique. Because the Red Sea is a relatively narrow basin bounded by typically high and complex orography, a single-layer atmospheric boundary layer submodel has been used to increase the effective resolution of the original 40-km resolution meteorological fields by taking into account orographic steering of the low-level winds. In order to validate the modeling system, two very complete hydrographic surveys of the Red Sea were undertaken, and their results are described. Both the surveys and the modeling system nowcasts demonstrate that the circulation pattern of the Red Sea is variable and often composed of a series of eddies or subgyres, mainly anticyclones. Immediately before one survey, the winds tended to be along axis, while just before the second, they tended to be cross axis. The Red Sea circulation was much more eddy-like when the winds were cross-axis. By forcing the modeling system with and without orographically steered winds we were able to establish that the complex eddy structure is a response to a wind field which can be highly structured and vorticity rich because of interaction with the high and variable adjacent orography, When the winds are more along axis, there is less interaction with the adjacent orography, and consequently, there are fewer eddies im the Red Sea. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT AEROSP ENGN SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Clifford, M (reprint author), USN,OCEANOG OFF,STENNIS SPACE CTR,MS 39522, USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C11 BP 25101 EP 25122 DI 10.1029/97JC01919 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA YG654 UT WOS:A1997YG65400013 ER PT J AU Horton, C Clifford, M Schmitz, J Kantha, LH AF Horton, C Clifford, M Schmitz, J Kantha, LH TI A real-time oceanographic nowcast/forecast system for the Mediterranean Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID LEVANTINE INTERMEDIATE WATER; COORDINATE OCEAN MODELS; DEEP-WATER; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ALGERIAN CURRENT; ALBORAN SEA; CRETAN SEA; EASTERN; VARIABILITY; BASIN AB We describe here a nowcast/forecast system for the entire Mediterranean Sea, designed for real-time forecasts and closely resembling operational numerical weather prediction systems. The core of the system is a high-resolution (10 km) three-dimensional primitive equation-based, sigma-coordinate numerical circulation model, assimilating remotely sensed multi-channel sea surface temperature and in situ expendable bathythermograph/conductivity-temperature-depth observational data, using an optimal-interpolational scheme. We present results for 1993 and 1994 from this data-assimilation model, focusing principally on the mesoscale features prevalent in the western and eastern Mediterranean Sea. We show that the model exhibits considerable skill in simulating both the permanent and transient mesoscale features in the Mediterranean. In particular, hitherto less well-known and less well-studied circulation features in the Adriatic and Aegean Seas are carefully examined and presented. Particular care is given to discussing the circulation in the entire Mediterranean, with particular attention to flows through various straits and their variability. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT AEROSP ENGN SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP Horton, C (reprint author), USN, OCEANOG OFF, STENNIS SPACE CTR, MS 39522 USA. NR 77 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C11 BP 25123 EP 25156 DI 10.1029/97JC00533 PG 34 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA YG654 UT WOS:A1997YG65400014 ER PT J AU McClean, JL Semtner, AJ Zlotnicki, V AF McClean, JL Semtner, AJ Zlotnicki, V TI Comparisons of mesoscale variability in the Semtner-Chervin 1/4 degrees model, the Los Alamos Parallel Ocean Program 1/6 degrees model, and TOPEX/POSEIDON data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; BRAZIL CURRENT RETROFLECTION; EDDY KINETIC-ENERGY; GEOSAT ALTIMETRY; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; 50-DAY OSCILLATIONS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; MOMENTUM FLUX AB Measures of mesoscale variability in the Semtner-Chervin 1/4 degrees and the Los Alamos Parallel Ocean Program (POP) 1/6 degrees models were compared with those obtained from TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) data. The objectives of these comparisons were two-fold: the first was to validate the models using altimetry as a measure of the variability of the real ocean, and the second was to evaluate the effect of increased model resolution/decreased horizontal friction. Mesoscale root-mean-square (rms) sea surface height (SSH), eddy kinetic energies, and length scales were used to quantify the mesoscale variability. Results showed that the models reproduced the distribution and much of the magnitude of this variability associated with the major current systems; however, in the oceans' interiors the magnitude was underrepresented. The 1/6 degrees and 1/4 degrees models were found to explain about 60% and 50% of the global T/P variability, respectively. Estimates of eddy kinetic energy (and rms velocities) from T/P and the models were compared, demonstrating that the models were less energetic than the T/P fields, Independent comparisons were made with lagrangian drifters in the Pacific basin. Excellent agreement was found between the total POP velocity fields and the drifter data in the tropics, where the T/P geostrophic values were too high due to error amplification by the 1/f factor. In the midlatitudes, the drifter values exceeded those derived from the total model velocities; the T/P results lay between the two. Differences are attributed to the drifter analysis choices and possible residual noise in the altimetry data. The effect of increased resolution/decreased friction was best seen in the length scales where the POP scales agreed more closely with the T/P values than with the 1/4 degrees model. The distribution and magnitude of the POP length scales were generally in agreement with the T/P values between 10 degrees and 40 degrees. Near the equator, discrepancies were due to the long equatorial and instability waves, whose long wavelengths were too great to be resolved by the the combination of noise in the altimeter slopes, and the particular definition of length scale chosen. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP McClean, JL (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT OCEANOG,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 71 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 102 IS C11 BP 25203 EP 25226 DI 10.1029/97JC01222 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA YG654 UT WOS:A1997YG65400018 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Roland, CM AF Ngai, KL Roland, CM TI Terminal relaxation and diffusion of entangled three-arm star polymers: Temperature and molecular weight dependencies SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE rheology; diffusion; star-branched polymers; polyisoprene; terminal viscosity; molecular weight dependence; temperature dependence ID SELF-DIFFUSION; HYDROGENATED POLYBUTADIENE; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; HYDROCARBON POLYMERS; POLYISOPRENE; MELTS; POLYETHYLENE; POLYSTYRENE; VISCOSITY; BEHAVIOR AB Recent experimental investigation of the terminal relaxation in high molecular weight polyisoprenes by dynamic mechanical measurements (C. A. Bero and C. M. Roland, Macromolecules, 29, 1562(1996)) has found the terminal relaxation times to be more sensitive to changes in temperature for three-arm stars than for the linear polyisoprenes. Moreover, these measurements, carried out with significantly higher molecular weight samples than heretofore, show that the molecular weight dependence of the terminal relaxation times for three-arm star polyisoprenes is much weaker than the exponential dependence previously proposed (L. J. Fetters, et al., Macromolecules, 26, 647 (1993)). Tracer diffusion of labeled linear and three-arm star polyethylene-like diffusant molecules in a highly entangled linear polyethylene matrix exhibit temperature and molecular weight dependencies similar to those observed spectroscopically from bulk polymers. Both the temperature and molecular weight dependencies for the star-branched polymers are at variance with the predictions of the reptation model. it is shown here, however, that these observations can be reconciled through application of the coupling model of relaxation. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 35 IS 15 BP 2503 EP 2510 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19971115)35:15<2503::AID-POLB12>3.3.CO;2-0 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YB366 UT WOS:A1997YB36600012 ER PT J AU Doherty, RD Hughes, DA Humphreys, FJ Jonas, JJ Jensen, DJ Kassner, ME King, WE McNelley, TR McQueen, HJ Rollett, AD AF Doherty, RD Hughes, DA Humphreys, FJ Jonas, JJ Jensen, DJ Kassner, ME King, WE McNelley, TR McQueen, HJ Rollett, AD TI Current issues in recrystallization: a review SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Review DE As-deformed state; nucleation; recrystallization ID BOUNDARY-CHARACTER-DISTRIBUTION; ALUMINUM SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LARGE-STRAIN DEFORMATION; GEOMETRIC-DYNAMIC-RECRYSTALLIZATION; ENERGY-DISSIPATION EFFICIENCY; MODELING TEXTURE CHANGE; HIGH-PURITY ALUMINUM; IN-SITU OBSERVATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AB The current understanding of the fundamentals of recrystallization is summarized. This includes understanding the as-deformed state. Several aspects of recrystallization are described: nucleation and growth, the development of misorientation during deformation, continuous, dynamic, and geometric dynamic recrystallization, particle effects, and texture. This article is authored by the leading experts in these areas. The subjects are discussed individually and recommendations for further study are listed in the final section. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Appl Mech, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester Mat Sci Ctr, Manchester M1 7H5, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester M1 7H5, Lancs, England. McGill Univ, Dept Engn Met, Quebec City, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Concordia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ 63G 1M8, Canada. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kassner@engr.orst.edu RI Jonas, John/A-2773-2008; LAI, JING/F-6526-2010; Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012; OI Jonas, John/0000-0001-7291-6673; Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191; Juul Jensen, Dorte/0000-0001-5096-6602 NR 366 TC 1020 Z9 1084 U1 51 U2 347 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 2 BP 219 EP 274 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00424-3 PG 56 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YV826 UT WOS:000071867200001 ER PT J AU Moore, WJ Freitas, JA Molnar, RJ AF Moore, WJ Freitas, JA Molnar, RJ TI Zeeman spectroscopy of shallow donors in GaN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION-ENERGIES AB Gallium nitride grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy has been studied by-infrared Spectroscopy in the region of donor intrasite electronic excitations as a function of magnetic field and temperature. Infrared-absorption features which are present only when the sample temperature is cooled to near 4 K have been observed. These features are identified as due to 1s-2p(+/-) transitions which split in a magnetic field, and a 1s-2p(0) transition which does not split. A donor effective mass of 0.22m(0) is calculated from the rate of splitting with held. We assume that the lower-energy transition occurs at an effective-mass donor and calculate donor binding energies of 31.1 and 33.8 meV for the two donors observed, and a static dielectric constant of 9.8. C1 MIT, LINCOLN LAB, LEXINGTON, MA 02173 USA. RP Moore, WJ (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 19 BP 12073 EP 12076 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.12073 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YH165 UT WOS:A1997YH16500011 ER PT J AU Braun, W Bayer, M Forchel, A Zull, H Reithmaier, JP Filin, AI Reinecke, TL AF Braun, W Bayer, M Forchel, A Zull, H Reithmaier, JP Filin, AI Reinecke, TL TI Enhanced exciton-phonon scattering in InxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WELLS; LINEWIDTHS; GAAS; GAIN; RELAXATION; LASERS AB We have investigated the dephasing of excitons due to scattering by acoustic phonons in quantum wires by means of temperature-dependent time-integrated four-wave mixing. Free-standing In0.35Ga0.865As/GaAs quantum wires with lateral sizes between 29 and 85 nm have been studied. By measuring the phase relaxation time of the excitonic resonance at low carrier densities, we have determined the homogeneous linewidth. From the temperature dependence of the homogeneous linewidth at temperatures between 5 and 30 K, we have evaluated the temperature coefficient gamma(ac), which is a measure for the exciton-acoustic phonon scattering strength. gamma(ac) is found to increase with decreasing wire width. It is shown that this dependence on the wire width is consistent with a microscopic theory of exciton-acoustic phonon coupling. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST SOLID STATE PHYS,CHERNOGOLOVKA 142432,MOSCOW REGION,RUSSIA. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Braun, W (reprint author), UNIV WURZBURG,HUBLAND,D-97074 WURZBURG,GERMANY. RI Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012 OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 19 BP 12096 EP 12099 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.12096 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YH165 UT WOS:A1997YH16500017 ER PT J AU McIntyre, CR Reinecke, TL AF McIntyre, CR Reinecke, TL TI Electron-phonon scattering rates in semiconductor quantum wells with thin AlAs layers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOBILITY ENHANCEMENT; OPTICAL PHONONS AB We have studied the effects on the phonon spectrum and on the electron-longitudinal-optical-phonon scattering rates in GaAs/AlAs quantum wells of additional thin AlAs layers in the wells. The confined and interface phonon modes and the electron-phonon scattering rates in these structures have been calculated using a dielectric continuum approach for the phonons. Model electron wave functions are used for the quantum well that are taken to be unaffected by the additional AlAs layer. The system with an additional AlAs layer is found to have intrasubband electron scattering rates that are increased modestly compared to those for the corresponding quantum wells due to the influence of the interface phonon modes associated with the additional layer. These results confirm that scattering rates in general depend only weakly on the effects of the structure of the quantum-well system on the phonon spectra. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP McIntyre, CR (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 20 BP 13428 EP 13433 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.13428 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YH588 UT WOS:A1997YH58800104 ER PT J AU Qian, X Sambe, H Ramaker, DE Pandya, KI OGrady, WE AF Qian, X Sambe, H Ramaker, DE Pandya, KI OGrady, WE TI Quantitative interpretation of K-edge NEXAFS data for various nickel hydroxides and the charged nickel electrode SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; QUADRIVALENT NICKEL; OXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY AB A quantitative interpretation of Ni K-edge NEXAFS spectral line shapes for beta-Ni(OH)(2), beta-NiOOH, and BaNiO3 and of in situ data for a charged Ni electrode are reported. We have performed curve-wave multiple scattering calculations utilizing the FEFF6 code on clusters approximating these materials. These theoretical results reproduce the experimental line shape changes with oxidation remarkably well. Our interpretation of the NEXAFS line shape for the charged electrode indicates that large amounts of Ni coordinated with six oxygen atoms exist along with Ni coordinated with two OH and four oxygen atoms, giving an average oxidation state slightly greater than 3.5, consistent with that shown elsewhere from the edge shift data. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. USN,RES LAB,SURFACE CHEM BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RI Qian, Xianghong/C-4821-2014 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 13 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 46 BP 9441 EP 9446 DI 10.1021/jp970435h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YG463 UT WOS:A1997YG46300006 ER PT J AU Bollt, E Lai, YC Grebogi, C AF Bollt, E Lai, YC Grebogi, C TI Coding, channel capacity, and noise resistance in communicating with chaos SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Recent work has considered the possibility of utilizing symbolic representations of controlled chaotic orbits for digital communication. We argue that dynamically a coding scheme usually leads to trajectories that live on a nonattracting but noise-resisting chaotic saddle embedded in the chaotic attractor. We present analyses and numerical computation which indicate that the channel capacity of the chaotic saddle has a devil-staircase-like behavior as a function of the noise-resisting strength. The implication is that nonlinear digital communication using chaos can yield a substantial channel capacity even in a noisy environment. [S0031-9007(97)04462-1]. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,INST PLASMA RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USN ACAD,DEPT MATH,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. UNIV KANSAS,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. UNIV KANSAS,DEPT MATH,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. UNIV POTSDAM,INST THEORET PHYS,D-14415 POTSDAM,GERMANY. NR 10 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 19 BP 3787 EP 3790 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3787 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YF186 UT WOS:A1997YF18600061 ER PT J AU Buot, FA AF Buot, FA TI An interband tunnel high-frequency source SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT BISTABILITY; QUANTUM TRANSPORT; DEVICES; OSCILLATIONS; SIMULATION; HYSTERESIS AB A novel heterojunction high-frequency source is described. It operates based on a polarization-induced limit cycle oscillation of the trapped-hole charge in one of the barriers of a double-barrier heterostructure with staggered band-gap alignment. A physically based mathematical model of quantum transport rate equations yields the dynamical behaviour of this device structure. The condition for the existence of autonomous device oscillation is derived. The amplitude of the trapped-charge oscillation increases with the applied bias. A proof of the step function characteristic of the time-averaged values of the trapped hole charge in the barrier as a function of bias is given. These results yield agreement with the experimental measurements of the 'parallelepiped' hysteresis of the average current-voltage characteristic of an AlGaSb/lnAs/AlGaSb heterostructure. Thus a class of novel high-frequency oscillators useful for high-bandwidth applications is introduced. RP Buot, FA (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 21 BP 3016 EP 3023 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/30/21/016 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YG244 UT WOS:A1997YG24400016 ER PT J AU Garland, NL Ladouceur, HD Nelson, HH AF Garland, NL Ladouceur, HD Nelson, HH TI Laser-induced decomposition of NTO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; 3-NITRO-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-5-ONE NTO; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; DESORPTION; IONIZATION; MOLECULES AB The initial decomposition products of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) are characterized using laser-induced decomposition of a solid sample. Heating of solid NTO samples is achieved by irradiation with 7 ns pulses of 266 nm laser light while the gas-phase products are detected using 118 nm single-photon ionization in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Product translational temperatures and relative product yields are obtained by analysis of time-of-arrival scans. The translational temperature depends linearly on decomposition laser fluence and agrees with the results of a calculation of the temperature rise in the irradiated volume using the heat conduction equation. The relative product yields are used to determine the percent decomposition of NTO as a function of temperature. The temperature dependence of the experimental fractional decomposition is consistent with that obtained from an RRKM calculation of the temperature dependence of NTO unimolecular decomposition. The temperature dependence of the relative product yields is used to identify the initial channels. The initial reaction appears to be bimolecular with a net loss of an O atom to yield nitroso-TO. Early unimolecular reactions include loss of NO2 and nitro-nitrite rearrangement followed by loss of NO. RP Garland, NL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,CODE 6110,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 45 BP 8508 EP 8512 DI 10.1021/jp972076w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YF251 UT WOS:A1997YF25100019 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Bermudez, VM Russell, JN AF Kim, CS Bermudez, VM Russell, JN TI Interaction of ammonia with hydrogen on Al(111) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aluminum; ammonia; hydrogen; infrared absorption spectroscopy; low index crystal surfaces; thermal desorption; thermal desorption spectroscopy; vibrations of adsorbed molecules ID ADSORBATE-INDUCED CHANGES; ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; GROUP-III NITRIDES; ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; ADSORPTION STATES; OXIDIZED ALUMINUM; SURFACE; DESORPTION; COADSORPTION AB The interaction of NH3 with clean and hydrogenated Al(111) surfaces is studied using temperature programmed desorption and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. On clean Al(111), NH3 adsorbs molecularly and desorbs by 200 K. In contrast, on the H-covered surface, a new NH3 desorption state (beta) is seen at 225 K. The beta-NH3 coverage tracks that of H, reaching a saturation coverage of about 0.58 NH3/Al surface atom on the fully H-covered surface. Infrared spectroscopy shows that H causes appreciable change in NH3 adsorption geometry. NH3 preferentially adsorbs via a Lewis acid-base interaction at monohydride sites with the Al-N bond inclined a say from the surface normal, whereas on the H-Free surface this bond is essentially normal to the surface. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECT SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RI Russell, John/A-3621-2009 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 389 IS 1-3 BP 162 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00409-3 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YF370 UT WOS:A1997YF37000019 ER PT J AU Ding, YJ Reynolds, DC Lee, SJ Khurgin, JB Rabinovich, WS Katzer, DS AF Ding, YJ Reynolds, DC Lee, SJ Khurgin, JB Rabinovich, WS Katzer, DS TI Evidence for strong spatially localized band-filling effects at interface islands SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB We have observed saturation of photoluminescence peak at extremely low pump intensities in growth-interrupted and undoped asymmetric-coupled quantum-well structures. We believe the saturation is due to filling of the exciton states localized at the interface islands. The exciton density required to completely fill the localized exciton states at the interface islands for one of the samples is two orders of magnitude lower than that for the previous sample. We have demonstrated that even under the same growth condition, two samples with the same structure exhibit distinctly different photoluminescence spectra and saturation characteristics. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(97)02244-4]. C1 BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV,CTR PHOTOCHEM SCI,BOWLING GREEN,OH 43403. WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DAYTON,OH 45435. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Ding, YJ (reprint author), BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV,CTR MAT SCI,BOWLING GREEN,OH 43403, USA. RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010; Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 18 BP 2581 EP 2583 DI 10.1063/1.119335 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YE507 UT WOS:A1997YE50700009 ER PT J AU Kim, S Rhee, SJ Turnbull, DA Li, X Coleman, JJ Bishop, SG Klein, PB AF Kim, S Rhee, SJ Turnbull, DA Li, X Coleman, JJ Bishop, SG Klein, PB TI Trap-mediated excitation of Er3+ photoluminescence in Er-implanted GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; ERBIUM; LUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; SAPPHIRE AB Site-selective photoluminescence (PL) spectra obtained at 6 K from the 1540 nm I-4(13/2)-->I-4(15/2) emissions characteristic of four distinct Er3+ centers in Er-implanted films of GaN are compared with the Er3+ FL excited by 325 nm above-gap pump light, Two of the site-selective 1540 nm Er3+ PL spectra pumped by below-gap, trap-mediated excitation bands dominate the Er3+ PL spectrum excited by above-gap light. A third broad band-excited spectrum and a fourth spectrum pumped by direct Er3+ 4f-band absorption are apparently not strongly excited by above-gap light. These results indicate that trap-mediated excitation dominates above-gap pumping of Er3+ emission in GaN:Er, and suggest an explanation for the reduced thermal quenching of Er3+ emission in GaN. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Kim, S (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,MICROELECT LAB,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. RI Li, Xiuling/A-2240-2010; Coleman, James/C-9703-2011 NR 15 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 18 BP 2662 EP 2664 DI 10.1063/1.120171 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YE507 UT WOS:A1997YE50700036 ER PT J AU Carpenter, WC Hoffman, ME AF Carpenter, WC Hoffman, ME TI Guidelines for the selection of network architecture SO AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE approximations; approximators; neural networks ID FEEDFORWARD NEURAL NETWORKS AB This paper is concerned with presenting guidelines to aide in the selection of the appropriate network architecture for back-propagation neural networks used as approximators. In particular, its goal is to indicate under what circumstances neural networks should have two hidden layers and under what circumstances they should have one hidden layer. Networks with one and with two hidden layers were used to approximate numerous test functions. Guidelines were developed from the results of these investigations. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,TAMPA,FL 33620. USN,AIR WARFARE CTR,DIV AIRCRAFT,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0890-0604 J9 AI EDAM JI AI EDAM-Artif. Intell. Eng. Des. Anal. Manuf. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 11 IS 5 BP 395 EP 408 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YJ083 UT WOS:A1997YJ08300003 ER PT J AU Zaki, AN Campbell, JR AF Zaki, AN Campbell, JR TI Infectious waste management and laboratory design criteria SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE design; exposure; infectious waste; laboratory safety AB Infectious waste management and laboratory design criteria aw provided to help in recognizing what information needs to be included in an individual program and to develop an infectious waste management plan. Relevant engineering aspects of a containment laboratory art described in detail, and suggested equipment and operating procedures For collection, sterilization, and disposal of solid and liquid waste are discussed. The need for public awareness regarding infectious waste is discussed, including liability considerations associated with improper disposal. This study shows how proper management of infectious waste results in lower disposal cost, lower operating costs, reduction in liabilities, increased worker safety, and a cleaner environment. RP Zaki, AN (reprint author), USN, MED RES UNIT 3, CAIRO, EGYPT. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 58 IS 11 BP 800 EP 808 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YF883 UT WOS:A1997YF88300008 PM 9373926 ER PT J AU Crowley, JP Metzger, JB Valeri, CR AF Crowley, JP Metzger, JB Valeri, CR TI The volume of blood shed during the bleeding time correlates with the peripheral venous hematocrit SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bleeding time; hematocrit; thrombocytopenia; hemostasis ID PLATELET-FUNCTION AB The relation among the bleeding time, the peripheral venous hematocrit, and the amount of blood shed at the template bleeding time site has not been previously defined. We studied this relation in 227 persons: 26 were patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), 137 were patients with a variety of other bleeding disorders, and 64 were healthy subjects. The bleeding time (mean +/- SD) for the healthy group was 7.1 +/- 1.2 minutes, and the amount of shed blood was 136.4 +/- 47.2 mu L; in patients with ITP, the bleeding time was 14.0 +/- 4.1 minutes and the shed blood was 508.1 +/- 387 mu L; and in the group with other bleeding disorders, the mean bleeding time was 9.0 +/- 3.5 minutes, and the amount of shed blood was 224.7 +/- 184 mu L. Bleeding times for all persons studied showed a significant correlation of 0.75 for the amount of shed blood on the filter gaper and a significant correlation of 0.28 for the peripheral venous hematocrit. There was also a significant correlation between the bleeding time and the platelet count in patients with ITP. This study demonstrates that the volume of blood shed at the bleeding time site correlates with the peripheral venous hematocrit and emphasizes the contribution of the hematocrit to primary hemostasis in healthy subjects and patients with bleeding disorders. C1 BROWN UNIV,DEPT MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,USN,BLOOD RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02118. RP Crowley, JP (reprint author), RHODE ISL HOSP,DIV CLIN HEMATOL,593 EDDY ST,PROVIDENCE,RI 02903, USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 108 IS 5 BP 579 EP 584 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA YC418 UT WOS:A1997YC41800014 PM 9353098 ER PT J AU Janoff, EN Hayakawa, H Taylor, DN Fasching, CE Kenner, JR Jaimes, E Raij, L AF Janoff, EN Hayakawa, H Taylor, DN Fasching, CE Kenner, JR Jaimes, E Raij, L TI Nitric oxide production during Vibrio cholerae infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epithelial cells; mucosal response to infection; innate intestinal immunity ID NEURONAL NADPH DIAPHORASE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; SYNTHASE ACTIVITY; CROHNS-DISEASE; MUSCLE-CELLS; RELEASE; CYTOTOXICITY; PLEXUS; AGENTS; TOXIN AB Vibrio cholerae induces massive intestinal fluid secretion that continues for the life of the stimulated epithelial cells. Enhanced regional blood flow and peristalsis are required to adapt to this obligatory intestinal secretory challenge. Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional molecule that modulates blood flow and peristalsis and possesses both cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. We demonstrate that, compared with those in asymptomatic control subjects, levels of stable NO metabolites (NO2-/NO3-) are significantly increased in sera from acutely iu Peruvian patients with natural cholera infection as well as from symptomatic volunteers from the United States infected experimentally with V. cholerae. In a rabbit ileal loop model in vivo, cholera toxin (CT) elicited fluid secretion and dose-dependent increases in levels of NO2-/NO3- in the fluid (P < 0.01). In contrast, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicited no such effects when applied to the intact mucosa. NO synthase (NOS) catalytic activity also increased in toxin-exposed tissues (P < 0.05), predominantly in epithelial cells. The CT-induced NOS activity was Ca2+ dependent and was not suppressed by dexamethasone. In conclusion, symptomatic V. cholerae infection induces NO production in humans. In the related animal model, CT, but not LPS, stimulated significant production of NO in association with increases in local Ca2+-dependent NOS activity in the tissues. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA, SCH MED,VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED, INFECT DIS SECT, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55417 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, SCH MED,VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEPHROL SECT, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55417 USA. USN, MED RES INST DETACHMENT, UNIT 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. USA, MED RES INST INFECT DIS, FT DETRICK, MD 20307 USA. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 273 IS 5 BP G1160 EP G1167 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA YF884 UT WOS:A1997YF88400024 ER PT J AU Corwin, AL Soeprapto, W Widodo, PS Rahardjo, E Kelly, DJ Dasch, GA Olson, JG Sie, A Larasati, RP Richards, AL AF Corwin, AL Soeprapto, W Widodo, PS Rahardjo, E Kelly, DJ Dasch, GA Olson, JG Sie, A Larasati, RP Richards, AL TI Short report: Surveillance of rickettsial infections in Indonesian military personnel during peace keeping operations in Cambodia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SCRUB TYPHUS; SOUTH-VIETNAM; POPULATION; THAILAND AB Indonesian peacekeepers in Cambodia provided a unique study population to estimate the threat of rickettsial exposure to Rickettsia typhi (murine typhus), Orientia tsutsugamushi, (scrub typhus), and R. conorii (spotted fever) for the region. Prescreening prevalence measure showed a large proportion (36%) of soldiers with antibodies to R. typhi. Predeployment prevalence for antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi was 8%, with no evidence of background R. conorii infections. Actual seroconversions of R. typhi (3) and O. tsutsugamushi (1), attributed to exposure(s) in Cambodia, translated into annualized incidence rates of 24 and 8 per 1,000 per year, respectively. Surveillance of rickettsial infections and/or disease is particularly warranted in Cambodia with recent recognition of drug-resistant scrub typhus in neighboring Thailand. C1 USN,MED RES UNIT 2,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. GATOT SUBROTO ARMY HOSP,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. DIRECTORATE HLTH,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20889. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 57 IS 5 BP 569 EP 570 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YH442 UT WOS:A1997YH44200012 PM 9392597 ER PT J AU Seligman, JY Egan, M AF Seligman, JY Egan, M TI Balloon tamponade: An alternative in the treatment of liver trauma SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article AB Penetrating hepatic injury remains a therapeutic challenge for the surgeon. Surgical technique for the management of penetrating hepatic trauma includes balloon tamponade, which is most useful for central gunshot wounds that pass through both lobes. Our patient had two entrance wounds and no exit wounds. However, a bullet was palpable in the subcutaneous tissue just beneath the right shoulder in the supraclavicular region. A Penrose drain and red rubber catheter balloon device were placed in the abdominal cavity. The balloon device was inflated for 48 hours, after which the Penrose drain was allowed to slowly deflate and was removed. The abdomen was re-explored, found to be negative, and then closed. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged on postoperative day 14. The use of balloon tamponade is an option that should be kept in the surgeon's armamentarium for use in selected patients with hepatic trauma. C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT GEN SURG,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. RP Seligman, JY (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,34800 BOB WILSON DR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134, USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 1776 PEACHTREE RD, NW., SUITE 410N, ATLANTA, GA 30309-2352 SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1022 EP 1023 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA YD874 UT WOS:A1997YD87400022 PM 9358796 ER PT J AU Trottier, TH Donahue, EJ AF Trottier, TH Donahue, EJ TI A simple method of feeding jejunostomy tube placement SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT SURG,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. ST JOSEPHS MED CTR,PHOENIX,AZ. RP Trottier, TH (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,34800 BOB WILSON DR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 1776 PEACHTREE RD, NW., SUITE 410N, ATLANTA, GA 30309-2352 SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1024 EP 1026 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA YD874 UT WOS:A1997YD87400023 PM 9358797 ER PT J AU Ellis, RJ Hsia, K Spector, SA Nelson, JA Heaton, RK Wallace, MR Abramson, I Atkinson, JH Grant, I McCutchan, JA Marcotte, T Chandler, JL Jernigan, T Masliah, E Abramson, I Dupont, R AF Ellis, RJ Hsia, K Spector, SA Nelson, JA Heaton, RK Wallace, MR Abramson, I Atkinson, JH Grant, I McCutchan, JA Marcotte, T Chandler, JL Jernigan, T Masliah, E Abramson, I Dupont, R TI Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels are elevated in neurocognitively impaired individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; HIV-1 PROVIRAL DNA; NEUROLOGIC ABNORMALITIES; SEROPOSITIVE INDIVIDUALS; VIROLOGICAL MARKERS; QUANTITATION; INFECTION; AIDS AB To determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral burden measurements can assist in the evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders, we quantified HIV type 1 (HIV-I) RNA in CSF. Because previous findings suggested that disease stage, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and HIV-1 RNA levels in plasma may influence CSF viral burden, these variables were examined as potential modifying factors. HIV-1 RNA levels were quantified by using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. Performance on a comprehensive neuropsychological (NP) battery was noted in 97 prospectively enrolled, HIV-infected subjects. Among subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (<200 CD4(+) lymphocytes), NP impairment was associated with significantly higher CSF RNA levels (3.1 vs 1.8 log(10) copies/ml; p = 0.02); most impaired subjects met criteria for HIV-associated dementia or minor cognitive-motor disorder. In subjects without AIDS, CSF RNA and NP impairment were unrelated. Before AIDS, CSF RNA was strongly correlated to plasma RNA and to pleocytosis, but in AIDS, CSF and plasma RNA were independent In conclusion, we found elevated CSF HIV-1 RNA levels in NP impaired subjects with AIDS. Before AIDS, systemic viral replication, possibly through CD4(+) mononuclear cell trafficking, map govern virus levels in CSF, whereas in AIDS, CD4 cell depletion may unmask a correlation between increased productive central nervous system HIV infection and clinical neurocognitive disorders. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT MED,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT MATH,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. USN HOSP,DEPT MED,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. SAN DIEGO VA MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA. RP Ellis, RJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,HIV NEUROBEHAV RES CTR,DEPT NEUROSCI,2760 5TH AVE,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103, USA. RI Ellis, Ronald/K-3543-2015 OI Ellis, Ronald/0000-0003-4931-752X FU NIMH NIH HHS [P50 MH45294] NR 51 TC 239 Z9 248 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 42 IS 5 BP 679 EP 688 DI 10.1002/ana.410420503 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YE970 UT WOS:A1997YE97000002 PM 9392566 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Heidemann, KF Heinzmann, U Kleineberg, U Osterried, K Menke, D Rife, JC Hunter, WR AF Seely, JF Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Heidemann, KF Heinzmann, U Kleineberg, U Osterried, K Menke, D Rife, JC Hunter, WR TI Multilayer-coated laminar grating with 16% normal-incidence efficiency in the 150-angstrom wavelength region SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE diffraction grating; laminar grating; multilayer coating; extreme ultraviolet ID X-RAY; DIFFRACTION; MO/SI AB We characterized a laminar grating with a Mo/Si multilayer coating by using synchrotron radiation and atomic force microscopy. The grating substrate had 2400 grooves/mm, 40-Angstrom groove depth, and 2080-Angstrom groove width. The microroughness of the grating substrate was 5 Angstrom rms. The multilayer coating was optimized to have peak normal-incidence reflectance at a wavelength near 150 Angstrom. For an angle of incidence of 10 degrees the peak grating efficiency was 16.3% in the +1 order and 15.0% in the -1 order. The efficiency in the zero order was lower by a factor of 40 owing to the excellent matching of the groove depth and groove width to the wavelength of the incident radiation. By dividing the grating efficiencies by the measured reflectance of the multilayer coating, we obtained inferred groove efficiencies of 34% and 32% in the +1 and -1 orders, respectively. (C) 1991 Optical Society of America. C1 CARL ZEISS,TECHNOL,D-73446 OBERKOCHEN,GERMANY. UNIV BIELEFELD,FAC PHYS,D-33615 BIELEFELD,GERMANY. SFA INC,LARGO,MD 20774. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Heinzmann, Ulrich/A-6248-2012 NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 31 BP 8206 EP 8213 DI 10.1364/AO.36.008206 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA YD659 UT WOS:A1997YD65900020 PM 18264358 ER PT J AU vanBelle, GT Dyck, HM Thompson, RR Benson, JA Kannappan, SJ AF vanBelle, GT Dyck, HM Thompson, RR Benson, JA Kannappan, SJ TI Angular size measurements of carbon Miras and S-type stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST SHELLS; ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; FLUX-LIMITED SAMPLE; MASS-LOSS; OXYGEN-RICH; IOTA INTERFEROMETER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; INTERSTELLAR DUST; EVOLVED STARS; EVOLUTION AB In our continuing investigation of highly evolved stars, we report new interferometric angular diameter observations of 5 carbon and 4 S-type Mira variable stars, and 4 non-Mira S stars. From the data, effective temperatures and linear radii are calculated. We compare the values of these parameters obtained for stars discussed in this paper with the same parameters for oxygen-rich giants/supergiants, oxygen-rich Mira variables, and non-Mira carbon stars presented in Dyck et al. (1996a, AJ, 111, 1705), van Belie et al. (1996, AJ, 112, 2147), and Dyck et al. (1996b, AJ, 112, 294), respectively. There are two principal findings from a synthesis of these studies. First, the non-Mira variables of each chemical class are consistently hotter and smaller than their Mira-variable counterparts. Second, the S stars lie between the oxygen-rich and the carbon-rich stars in both effective temperature and linear radius, for both the Mim-type and non-Mira stars. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LARAMIE,WY 82071. USN OBSERV,FLAGSTAFF STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86002. HARVARD UNIV,JEFFERSON LAB,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP vanBelle, GT (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,MS 306-388,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 45 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 114 IS 5 BP 2150 EP 2156 DI 10.1086/118635 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YD884 UT WOS:A1997YD88400037 ER PT J AU Worley, CE Douglass, GG AF Worley, CE Douglass, GG TI The Washington Double Star Catalog (WDS, 1996.0) SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; binaries, visual AB A major revision of the Washington Double Star (WDS) catalog containing data for the components of 78 100 systems now available from the data centers and via World Wide Web (http://aries.usno.navy.mil/ad/wds/). RP Worley, CE (reprint author), USN OBSERV,3450 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20392, USA. NR 0 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 125 IS 3 BP 523 EP 523 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YE500 UT WOS:A1997YE50000014 ER PT J AU Holdenried, ER Rafferty, TJ AF Holdenried, ER Rafferty, TJ TI New methods of forming and aligning the instrumental frames of absolute transit circle catalogs SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE astrometry; methods, data analysis; instrumentation, miscellaneous AB A new method of defining the declination axis of the instrumental frame of an absolute transit circle catalog has been developed utilizing observations from stars over the entire sky rather than, as in the past, observations of just circumpolar stars. This method allows the planetary observations to be used directly to align the axes of the instrumental frame thus constructed with DE200. The alignment process has been simplified and recast so that it does not feed back into the definition of the instrumental frame. A declination offset, which is unique to absolute transit circle observational catalogs, is discussed emphasizing the problem of its cross-correlation with rotation terms from the alignment process. When compared to ''traditional'' methods, these new procedures give similar results for those quantities in common but they also produce additional adjustments that were not accounted for previously. RP USN OBSERV, 3450 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20392 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 125 IS 3 BP 595 EP 603 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YE500 UT WOS:A1997YE50000023 ER PT J AU Claussen, MJ Frail, DA Goss, WM Gaume, RA AF Claussen, MJ Frail, DA Goss, WM Gaume, RA TI Polarization observations of 1720 MHz OH masers toward the three supernova remnants W28, W44 and IC 443 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, individual (W28, W44, IC 443); ISM, magnetic fields; masers; polarization; supernova remnants ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; GAMMA-RAY SOURCES; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; X-RAY; SHOCK CHEMISTRY; ASTROPHYSICAL MASERS; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GALACTIC-CENTER; EMISSION AB We present arcsecond resolution observations from the VLA with full Stokes polarimetry of the ground-state satellite line of the hydroxyl molecule (OH) at 1720.53 MHz ((II3/2)-I-2, J = 3/2, F = 2 --> 1) toward three Galactic supernova remnants: W28, W44, and IC 443. The total number of individual OH (1720 MHz) ''spots'' we detect in each of these three remnants is 41, 25, and 6, respectively. The OH (1720 MHz) features appear to lie along the edge of radio continuum emission from the supernova remnants, but they are displaced behind the leading edge of the shock as traced by the synchrotron emission. The brightness temperatures of the OH (1720 MHz) emission features range from 2 x 10(4) to 10(8) K, convincingly demonstrating the maser nature of the OH (1720 MHz) features. We argue that the partially resolved angular diameters that we measure for the masers are neither intrinsic sizes nor scattering disks, but result from a blend of several unresolved maser features near the same velocity. Thus, our computed brightness temperatures are lower limits to the true values. The characteristic antisymmetric S profile, indicative of Zeeman splitting in the weak-field case, is identified in the Stokes V spectrum of several of the brighter maser spots. The derived line-of-sight magnetic fields are of order 0.2 mG and are remarkably constant in both direction and magnitude over regions several parsecs apart. These are the first measurements of postshock magnetic fields in supernova remnants and demonstrate the importance of magnetic pressure in these molecular shocks. The velocity dispersion of the maser features is typically less than a few km s(-1), and, except in the special case of W28, the mean maser velocity is equal to the systemic velocity of the remnant. We suggest that the maximum amplification of the maser transition will occur when the acceleration produced by the shock is transverse to the line of sight. Additional support for this point comes from the location of. the masers in IC 443, and from molecular observations that allow the shock geometry to be determined. All of our observations are consistent with a model in which the OH (1720 MHz) is collisionally excited by H-2 molecules in the postshock gas heated by a nondissociative shock. Finally, we end with a discussion of the importance of supernova remnants with OH (1720 MHz) maser emission as promising candidates to conduct high-energy searches for the sites of cosmic-ray acceleration. C1 USN OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20392. RP Claussen, MJ (reprint author), NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,POB O,1003 LOPEZVILLE RD,SOCORRO,NM 87801, USA. NR 89 TC 158 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 489 IS 1 BP 143 EP 159 DI 10.1086/304784 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YE139 UT WOS:A1997YE13900014 ER PT J AU Habbal, SR Woo, R Fineschi, S ONeal, R Kohl, J Noci, G Korendyke, C AF Habbal, SR Woo, R Fineschi, S ONeal, R Kohl, J Noci, G Korendyke, C TI Origins of the slow and the ubiquitous fast solar wind SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun, corona; Sun, solar wind ID POLAR CORONAL HOLE AB We present in this Letter the first coordinated radio occultation measurements and ultraviolet observations of the inner corona below 5.5R(s), obtained during the Galileo solar conjunction in 1997 January, to establish the origin of the slow solar wind. Limits on the flow speed are derived from the Doppler dimming of the resonantly scattered component of the oxygen 1032 and 1037.6 Angstrom lines as measured with the ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer (UVCS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). White light images of the corona from the large-angle spectroscopic coronagraph (LASCO) on SOHO taken simultaneously are used to place the Doppler radio scintillation and ultraviolet measurements in the context of coronal structures. These combined observations provide the first direct confirmation of the view recently proposed by Woo & Martin that the slow solar wind is associated with the axes, also known as stalks, of streamers. Furthermore, the ultraviolet observations also show how the fast solar wind is ubiquitous in the inner corona and that a velocity shear between the fast and slow solar wind develops along the streamer stalks. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. UNIV FLORENCE,I-50125 FLORENCE,ITALY. USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Habbal, SR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 30 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 489 IS 1 BP L103 EP & DI 10.1086/310970 PN 2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YE140 UT WOS:A1997YE14000025 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Behring, WE Curdt, W Schuhle, U Wilhelm, K Lemaire, P Moran, TM AF Feldman, U Behring, WE Curdt, W Schuhle, U Wilhelm, K Lemaire, P Moran, TM TI A coronal spectrum in the 500-1610 angstrom wavelength range recorded at a height of 21,000 kilometers above the west solar limb by the SUMER instrument on Solar and Heliospheric Observatory SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE line, identification; Sun, corona; Sun, UV radiation ID EXPERIMENTAL LEVEL VALUES; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; N=2 CONFIGURATIONS; LINES; CLASSIFICATIONS; IONS AB We present a solar coronal spectrum recorded by the extreme UV spectrometer SUMER on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. The spectrum was taken between 21:28 UT on 1996 June 25 and 02:47 UT on 1996 June 26, at a height of 21,000 km above the west equatorial limb with the slit oriented in the north-south direction. At the time of the observations the Sun was rather quiet, and the west limb appeared ''devoid of any activity.'' The spectrum, which covers the 500-1610 Angstrom wavelength range, originates from plasmas with temperatures ranging between 1.5 x 10(4) and 1.5 x 10(6) K. Identification of lines originating from different temperature regimes is facilitated by the appearance of their intensity along the 300'' long slit. Well over 800 lines have been found, many of which were not previously observed. We present the entire spectrum and discuss line identifications. A table of the wavelengths of lines observed, with their identifications and peak intensities, is provided. Although we have identified fines previously detected in laboratory plasmas and a number of new lines not previously observed, over 40% of the SUMER lines remain unidentified. Among the newly detected lines, some have a potential as plasma density diagnostics. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. MAX PLANCK INST AERON,D-37189 KATLENBURG DUHM,GERMANY. UNIV PARIS 11,INST ASTROPHYS SPATIALE,UNITE MIXTE CNRS,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. APPL RES CORP,LANDOVER,MD 20785. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 34 TC 142 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 113 IS 1 BP 195 EP 219 DI 10.1086/313048 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YD367 UT WOS:A1997YD36700008 ER PT J AU SimonArndt, CM Yuan, H Hourani, LL AF SimonArndt, CM Yuan, H Hourani, LL TI Aircraft type and diagnosed back disorders in US Navy pilots and aircrew SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AVIATION; PAIN AB Background: Back disorders have long been recognized as a serious problem within the military aviation community and a possible threat to mission accomplishment. The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which the type of aircraft flown is associated with diagnosed back problems, and to examine differences in the prevalence of back disorders between pilots and aircrew. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in which U.S. Navy pilots and aircrew members with a diagnosed back disorder on their most recent physical exam between 1991 and 1993 were compared with pilots and aircrew without such diagnoses. Data were obtained from the automated physical examination records maintained by the Naval Operational Medicine Institute for ail Naval aviation personnel. Results: Results showed that aircrew members have a higher risk of diagnosed back problems than pilots for both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. The study revealed that flight engineers have a higher risk of diagnosed back problems than other aircrew members. Among pilots, no association was found between type of aircraft and diagnosed back problems. C1 USN, HLTH RES CTR, DEPT HLTH SCI & EPIDEMIOL, SAN DIEGO, CA 92186 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 68 IS 11 BP 1012 EP 1018 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA YE737 UT WOS:A1997YE73700005 PM 9383501 ER PT J AU Jansen, DL Gray, GC Putnam, SD Lynn, F Meade, BD AF Jansen, DL Gray, GC Putnam, SD Lynn, F Meade, BD TI Evaluation of pertussis in US Marine Corps trainees SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; WHOOPING-COUGH; INFECTION; ADULTS; DIAGNOSIS; SEROLOGY; CULTURE; PCR AB One hundred twenty male U.S. Marine Corps trainees with histories of at least 7 days of cough underwent evaluation for Bordetella pertussis infection by culture, B. pertussis-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and serology, Antibody levels in preexposure, acute-phase, and convalescent-phase serum samples were measured in a microagglutination assay and in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for IgG and IgA antibodies to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae types 2 and 3. Culture and PCR analysis revealed that none of the patients were positive for B. pertussis; however, 20 of 120 trainees had serological evidence of B. pertussis infection, Of these cases, one was confirmed by a rise in the level of antibody to pertussis toxin, and six were classified as probable by increases in levels of antibodies measured by two or more assays, Of the 20 individuals with serological evidence of infection, 16 had rises in levels of antibodies to fimbriae or agglutinating antibodies. The utility of ELISA for detecting antibodies to fimbriae and the microagglutination assay for diagnosing pertussis in adults should be evaluated by application to larger and more diverse study populations, These results indicate that pertussis should be considered in the diagnosis of coughing illness in military populations. C1 US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. USN,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. USN,ENVIRONM & PREVENT MED UNIT NO 5,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 36 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1107 DI 10.1086/516099 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YG890 UT WOS:A1997YG89000028 PM 9402365 ER PT J AU Oldfield, EC Bone, WD Martin, CR Gray, GC Olson, P Schillaci, RF AF Oldfield, EC Bone, WD Martin, CR Gray, GC Olson, P Schillaci, RF TI Prediction of relapse after treatment of coccidioidomycosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTE-TRANSFORMATION; DERMAL HYPERSENSITIVITY; KETOCONAZOLE; ITRACONAZOLE; FLUCONAZOLE; THERAPY; CELLS AB Relapse after apparently successful treatment of coccidioidomycosis has been a problem with both amphotericin B and the azoles. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 34 patients who required therapy for coccidioidomycosis between 1973 and 1993; 10 relapsed and 25 (one patient received two courses of therapy) did not relapse during follow-up. The mean time to relapse after completion of therapy was 7.3 months (range, 1-21 months). All 34 patients responded clinically to therapy, A fourfold or greater decrease in titers of antibody, as determined by complement fixation (CF), during therapy was seen in seven (78%) of nine patients who relapsed and 17 (85%) of 20 patients who did not relapse (P = .956), There was no significant difference between relapsers and nonrelapsers in terms of the lowest CF titer during therapy, the CF titer at the end of therapy, or the peak CF titer. The risk of relapse was increased among those with a peak CF titer of greater than or equal to 1:256 (relative risk [RR] = 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-16.1), as compared with patients who did not mount such a high antibody response, Similarly, the risk of relapse was higher among those with serially negative coccidioidin skin tests (CSTs) than those with serially positive CSTs (RR = 4.8; 95% CI = 1.2-19.5). We conclude that clinical response, lowest CF titer, end-of-therapy CF titer, and decrease in the CF titer of at least fourfold are not predictive of relapse in patients with coccidioidomycosis. Negative serial coccidioidin skin tests and a peak CF antibody titer of greater than or equal to 1:256 are independently associated with increased risk of relapse. C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. USN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV PULM MED,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. USN,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. USN,HLTH RES CTR,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1205 EP 1210 DI 10.1086/516115 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YG890 UT WOS:A1997YG89000045 PM 9402382 ER PT J AU Benthien, W Schenck, A AF Benthien, W Schenck, A TI Nonexistence and nonuniqueness problems associated with integral equation methods in acoustics SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD; SUPERPOSITION METHOD; RADIATION; FIELDS; FORMULATION; CHIEF AB There are a number of ways in which external radiation and scattering problems can be reduced to integral equations over a surface. Often there is a discrete set of wavenumbers or frequencies for which the solution to these integral equations either does not exist or is not unique. In this paper we will review many of the methods for handling these nonexistance or nonuniqueness problems and will compare the accuracy and efficiency of several of these methods. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Benthien, W (reprint author), USN,RDT&E DIV,COMMAND CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 65 IS 3 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(96)00251-9 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YK082 UT WOS:A1997YK08200003 ER PT J AU Everstine, GC AF Everstine, GC TI Finite element formulations of structural acoustics problems SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION; DOUBLY ASYMPTOTIC APPROXIMATIONS; MAPPED INFINITE ELEMENTS; SUBMERGED STRUCTURES; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; VIBRATION ANALYSIS; ELASTIC STRUCTURES; STRUCTURE SYSTEMS; SCATTERING; RADIATION AB This paper summarizes and reviews several finite element formulations used to solve structural acoustics and fluid-structure interaction problems. The fluid can be modeled using finite element formulations based on fluid pressure, displacement, velocity potential and displacement potential, each of which has advantages in different situations. In addition, finite element structural models can be coupled with either boundary element or infinite element fluid models. The formulations are applicable to a variety of applications, including acoustic cavity analyis, acoustic radiation and scattering from elastic structures vibrations of submerged structures, dynamics of fluid-filled piping systems, underwater shock analyis and transient acoustics. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP USN, DAVID TAYLOR MODEL BASIN, CARDEROCK DIV, CTR SURFACE WARFARE, BETHESDA, MD 20084 USA. NR 70 TC 73 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 EI 1879-2243 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 65 IS 3 BP 307 EP 321 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(96)00252-0 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YK082 UT WOS:A1997YK08200004 ER PT J AU Williams, EG AF Williams, EG TI The nearfield acoustical holography (NAH) experimental method applied to vibration and radiation in light and heavy fluids SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY; CYLINDER AB This paper presents recent experimental and theoretical research in the area of nearfield acoustical holography (NAH) aimed specifically at the study of the vibration, radiation and scattering from acoustic sources under the water and in the air. Development of the theory in various geometries is presented, hopefully enabling the application of the method to the experimental analysis of a wide variety of sources. The shape of the actual source dictates which of the geometries discussed in this paper should be considered. Furthermore, we discuss NAH for both the external problem, which applies to externally radiating sources such as aircraft engines and submarines; and the internal problem which encompasses room acoustics including noise control in enclosed spaces such as in the interior of an aircraft fuselage. In the latter case we present some new Green functions specifically for the application of NAH to a cylindrical cavity. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Williams, EG (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 65 IS 3 BP 323 EP 335 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(96)00253-2 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YK082 UT WOS:A1997YK08200005 ER PT J AU Cuschieri, JM Feit, D AF Cuschieri, JM Feit, D TI Response Green's function and acoustic scattering from a fluid-loaded cylindrical shell with discontinuities SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID PLATE AB A classical problem in structural acoustics is the response and acoustic scattering from a fluid-loaded cylindrical shell with ring discontinuities, to excitation by incident acoustic waves. The solution for these type of problems is generally formulated using integral transforms to the wavenumber domain. The solution in the spatial domain is obtained by inverse transforming the wavenumber solution. The inverse transform is typically obtained using a contour integral approach which can handle the singularities of the inverse transform. A contour solution is required for every spatial location of interest. Structural damping can be introduced to remove the singularities from the integrand of the inverse transform, and the spatial solution obtained by performing the inverse transform numerically. However, damping can mask the influence of the fluid-loading. An alternative to these approaches to obtain the spatial solution is a hybrid numerical analytical method which does not require the introduction of structural damping, and therefore retains only the influence of the fluid-loading on the response and the scattering. Using this hybrid numerical/analytical approach, the response Green's function and the nearfield scattered pressure are obtained for a fluid-loaded shell with a wall thickness to radius ratio of 1%, excited by a circumferential ring load, which is representative; of scattering by a ring impedance, excluding the shell to impedance interaction. Apart from the response Green's function and the nearfield scattered pressure, of interest in structural acoustics is the far field scattered pressure. A solution for the bistatic and monostatic scattering from a fluid-loaded cylindrical shell with one or two internal plate bulkheads is presented. The solution is based on knowledge of the junction forces between the shell and the internal plate bulkheads which are obtained using a mobility (or impedance) approach. The mobility functions are obtained using the hybrid method. Results for the response Green's function and the nearfield and farfield scattered pressures are presented for the circumferential modes n equals 0 and 2. The results for the n equals 2 case are representative of high order circumferential modes which include the presence of compressional and shear helical waves. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 DAVID TAYLOR RES CTR,NSWC,CARDEROCK DIV,BETHESDA,MD 20084. RP Cuschieri, JM (reprint author), FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV,DEPT OCEAN ENGN,CTR ACOUST & VIBRAT,BOCA RATON,FL 33431, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 65 IS 3 BP 337 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(96)00254-4 PG 48 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YK082 UT WOS:A1997YK08200006 ER PT J AU Puranik, DB David, VA Morris, RE Chang, EL AF Puranik, DB David, VA Morris, RE Chang, EL TI Removal of copper from hydrocarbon fuels using novel azamacrocycle polymers SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES; DESIGN C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. GEOCENTERS INC,FT WASHINGTON,MD 20744. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1311 EP 1312 DI 10.1021/ef970128a PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YH375 UT WOS:A1997YH37500026 ER PT J AU Abrahams, J AF Abrahams, J TI Coupled sequences of generalized Fibonacci trees and unequal costs coding problems SO FIBONACCI QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 OFF NAVAL RES, MATH COMP & INFORMAT SCI DIV, ARLINGTON, VA 22217 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FIBONACCI ASSOC PI AURORA PA C/O PATTY SOLSAA, PO BOX 320, AURORA, SD 57002-0320 USA SN 0015-0517 J9 FIBONACCI QUART JI Fibonacci Q. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 309 EP 317 PG 9 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA YD031 UT WOS:A1997YD03100003 ER PT J AU Pack, GT AF Pack, GT TI Army vs. everyone SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS LA English DT Letter RP Pack, GT (reprint author), USN,WASHINGTON,DC 20350, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COUNC FOREIGN RELAT INC PI NEW YORK PA 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0015-7120 J9 FOREIGN AFF JI Foreign Aff. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 76 IS 6 BP 179 EP 180 PG 2 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA YH243 UT WOS:A1997YH24300081 ER PT J AU Minshull, TA Brozena, JM AF Minshull, TA Brozena, JM TI Gravity anomalies and flexure of the lithosphere at Ascension Island SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE flexure; gravity; ocean islands; South Atlantic ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; ELASTIC THICKNESS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; THERMAL-STRESSES; WORLDS OCEANS; RHEOLOGY; RIDGE; AGE; BATHYMETRY; SUBSIDENCE AB Ascension Island, in the northern South Atlantic, forms the summit of a volcanic edifice 60 km in diameter which places a substantial load on the underlying young oceanic lithosphere. An analysis of a combined data set of recent and historical surface-gravity and bathymetry measurements on and around the island suggests that the lithosphere responds to this load by flexure equivalent to that of an elastic plate only approximate to 3 km thick, and that the mean density of the volcanic edifice is approximate to 2500 kg m(-3). A steep gravity gradient across the island cannot be explained by a simple flexural model and must be attributed to lateral density variations within the volcano itself. The effective elastic thickness is considerably less than the expected approximate to 12 km mechanical thickness of the approximate to 6 Ma lithosphere loaded by the volcano, and less even than zero-age elastic thicknesses commonly observed at slow-spreading ridges with axial rift valleys. The unusually small elastic thickness may be attributed to the combined effects of the high curvature beneath the island, which produces bending stresses that are limited by the yield stress envelope, localized heating of the lithosphere during emplacement of the island, and crustal thickening. When these factors are taken into account, the observed flexure is consistent with rheological models based on experimental rock mechanics. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Minshull, TA (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EARTH SCI,BULLARD LABS,MADINGLEY RD,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0EZ,ENGLAND. RI Minshull, Timothy/D-1147-2010 OI Minshull, Timothy/0000-0002-8202-1379 NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 131 IS 2 BP 347 EP 360 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb01227.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA YG198 UT WOS:A1997YG19800013 ER PT J AU Tate, DL Sibert, L King, T AF Tate, DL Sibert, L King, T TI Using virtual environments to train firefighters SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FEAR C1 USN, COMP & TELECOMMUN STN, WASHINGTON, DC 20374 USA. RP Tate, DL (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, CODE 5580, 4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 6 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1109/38.626965 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA YC233 UT WOS:A1997YC23300006 ER PT J AU Wiley, DJ Hahn, JK AF Wiley, DJ Hahn, JK TI Interpolation synthesis of articulated figure motion SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TIME C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. NR 14 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 6 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1109/38.626968 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA YC233 UT WOS:A1997YC23300008 ER PT J AU Esarey, E Sprangle, P Krall, J Ting, A AF Esarey, E Sprangle, P Krall, J Ting, A TI Self-focusing and guiding of short laser pulses in ionizing gases and plasmas SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Review DE acceleration; gases; laser beam focusing; optical propagation; photoionization; plasmas; relativistic effects; transient propagation; waveguides ID BEAT-WAVE ACCELERATOR; WAKE-FIELD GENERATION; HIGH-INTENSITY LASERS; RADIALLY INHOMOGENEOUS-PLASMA; IONIZATION-INDUCED REFRACTION; ORDER HARMONIC-GENERATION; IN-CELL SIMULATIONS; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; X-RAY LASERS; UNDERDENSE PLASMAS AB Several features of intense, short-pulse (less than or similar to 1 ps) laser propagation in gases undergoing ionization and in plasmas are reviewed, discussed, and analyzed. The wave equations for laser pulse propagation in a gas undergoing ionization and in a plasma are derived. The source-dependent expansion method is discussed, which is a general method for solving the paraxial wave equation with nonlinear source terms. In gases, the propagation of high-power (near the critical power) laser pulses is considered including the effects of diffraction, nonlinear self-focusing, ionization, and plasma generation. Self-guided solutions and the stability of these solutions are discussed. In plasmas, optical guiding by relativistic effects, ponderomotive effects, and preformed density channels is considered. The self-consistent plasma response is discussed, including plasma wave effects and instabilities such as self-modulation. Recent experiments on the guiding of laser pulses in gases and in plasmas are briefly summarized. RP Esarey, E (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV PLASMA PHYS,BEAM PHYS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 214 TC 340 Z9 345 U1 11 U2 38 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1879 EP 1914 DI 10.1109/3.641305 PG 36 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA YC838 UT WOS:A1997YC83800002 ER PT J AU Weller, JF AF Weller, JF TI A matter of policy SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Weller, JF (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1429 EP 1429 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA YB106 UT WOS:A1997YB10600001 ER PT J AU Felix, CL Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Zhang, D Lin, CH Yang, RQ Pei, SS AF Felix, CL Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Zhang, D Lin, CH Yang, RQ Pei, SS TI Interband cascade laser emitting >1 photon per injected electron SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pulsed lasers; quantum well lasers; semiconductor lasers; semiconductor superlattices; tunnel devices/effects AB A 22-stage interband cascade laser with a ''W'' active region for enhanced gain has exhibited lasing at lambda = 3.0 mu m. Threshold current densities are lower than the best reported intersubband quantum cascade laser results at all T up to the maximum lasing temperature of 225 K, At 100 K, output powers up to 430 mW are observed, and the slope of 274 mW/A per facet for high injection levels corresponds to a quantum efficiency of 1.3 photons emitted for every injected electron. C1 UNIV HOUSTON,CTR SPACE VACUUM EPITAXY,HOUSTON,TX 77204. RP Felix, CL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 16 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1433 EP 1435 DI 10.1109/68.634699 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA YB106 UT WOS:A1997YB10600003 ER PT J AU Janaswamy, R AF Janaswamy, R TI An unstaggered colocated finite-difference scheme for solving time-domain Maxwell's equations in curvilinear coordinates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE FDTD methods ID ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; WAVES AB In this paper, we present a new unstaggered colocated finite-difference scheme for solving time-domain Maxwell's equations in a curvilinear coordinate system. All components of the electric and. magnetic fields are defined al the same spatial point, A combination of one-sided forward-and backward-difference (FD/BD) operators for the spatial derivatives is used to produce the same order of accuracy as a staggered, central differencing scheme. In the temporal variable, the usual leapfrog integration is used. The computational domain is bounded at the far end by a curvilinear perfectly matched layer (PML). The PML region is terminated with a first-order Engquist-Majda-type absorbing boundary condition (ABC). Comparison is shown with results available in the literature for TEz scattering by conducting cylinders. Equations are also presented for the three-dimensional (3-D) case. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP Janaswamy, R (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,CODE EC JS,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1584 EP 1591 DI 10.1109/8.650069 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA YE079 UT WOS:A1997YE07900003 ER PT J AU Kragalott, M Kluskens, MS Pala, WP AF Kragalott, M Kluskens, MS Pala, WP TI Time-domain fields exterior to a two-dimensional FDTD space SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE FDTD methods ID FAR-ZONE TRANSFORMATION; PULSED ANTENNA PROBLEMS; NEAR-FIELD; RADIATION AB A transformation algorithm for the near-zone and far-zone fields exterior to a two-dimensional (2-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) field lattice has been developed entirely in the time domain, The fields are found from a surface integration of the convolution of the time derivative of equivalent currents and charges along a contour that encloses the scatterer or radiator of interest. The kernel of the convolution integral has a square-root singularity for which an efficient numerical integration rule is presented, Using this technique, a very accurate solution is obtained; however, convolution integrals are computationally expensive with or without singularities, As an alternative, a rapidly convergent approximate series expansion for the convolution integral is presented, which can be used both in the near and far zone, Results using the new 2-D transform are compared with analytical expressions for the fields generated by a modulated Gaussian pulse for TE and TM line sources. In addition, the 2-D transform solution for the near-zone fields scattered from an open-ended cavity for a TE incident modulated Gaussian pulse plane wave is compared against a full-grid FDTD solution for accuracy and efficiency, The 2-D transform far-zone fields are compared against an alternative technique, which uses a double Fourier transform to perform the convolution in the frequency domain. RP Kragalott, M (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1655 EP 1663 DI 10.1109/8.650077 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA YE079 UT WOS:A1997YE07900011 ER PT J AU Sengupta, K Zviran, M AF Sengupta, K Zviran, M TI Measuring user satisfaction in an outsourcing environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hospital information systems; information technology; outsourcing; user satisfaction ID CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; KEY ISSUES; MANAGEMENT; EQUIVALENCE; INVOLVEMENT; INVARIANCE; MODELS AB Outsourcing is a term that encompasses a variety of approaches to contracting for information technology (IT) services, It is defined as a transfer of any particular IT activity or a combination of activities from an organization using them to one or more external service providers. IT outsourcing leads to significant changes in the management processes of the IT organization, For example, while IT managers have always had the responsibility for ensuring that users within their organization maintain a high degree of satisfaction, they now have to monitor the quality of service, even though they are no longer the providers of the service, This gets complicated further when only some parts of the IT functions are outsourced while others are provided by an internal IT department, Thus, developing a comprehensive set of measurement tools and mechanisms is an important step toward monitoring the quality of service provided by both an outside source and an IT department. This paper investigates the usefulness of an existing user-satisfaction measurement instrument for identifying problem areas in a multiprovider outsourcing environment, where an external service provider and an internal IT department each has different roles in the system, It discusses the rationale for measuring user satisfaction and the instruments to carry out the measurement procedure, It reports the results of implementing and testing a previously developed, documented, and validated user-satisfaction instrument in an outsourcing environment and draws practical conclusions from the results. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,FAC MANAGEMENT,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. RP Sengupta, K (reprint author), USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT SYST MANAGEMENT,MONTEREY,CA 93943, USA. NR 64 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 44 IS 4 BP 414 EP 421 DI 10.1109/17.649871 PG 8 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA YG018 UT WOS:A1997YG01800009 ER PT J AU Hooker, SB Mied, RP Brown, JW Kirwan, AD AF Hooker, SB Mied, RP Brown, JW Kirwan, AD TI Remote sensing of dipole rings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WARM-CORE RING; GULF-STREAM RINGS; BETA-PLANE; EDDY; EVOLUTION; VORTICES; MODONS; MODEL; JET AB Historical satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) data are reanalyzed with a zebra color palette and a thermal separatrix method. The new results from this reanalysis are as follows: a) Thirteen observational sequences of six rings from the Gulf Stream and the Brazil Current, which have historically been interpreted as solitary vortices or monopoles are shown to have a dipolar character; b) some of these dipole rings have been observed in the open ocean, thereby eliminating the possibility that they are sustained by topographic interactions with the continental slope; c) whether interacting with other features or evolving as isolated circulations, dipoles are seen to rotate within a relatively narrow range of approximately 4-8 degrees day(-1) (interacting) and 10-15 degrees day(-1) (isolated); and d) feature tracking delineates energetic fluid in both vortices and eliminates the possibility of interpreting dipole rings as transient features produced by active monopoles and patches of entrained fluid. C1 USN, RES LAB, REMOTE SENSING DIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. UNIV MIAMI, ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI, MPO, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. OLD DOMINION UNIV, CCPO, NORFOLK, VA 23508 USA. RP NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, LAB HYDROSPHER PROC, CODE 971, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RI Hooker, Stanford/E-2162-2012 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 1997 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1394 EP 1399 DI 10.1109/36.649791 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA YF976 UT WOS:A1997YF97600002 ER PT J AU Lei, CSC Frazier, WE Lee, EW AF Lei, CSC Frazier, WE Lee, EW TI The effect of hot isostatic pressing on cast aluminum SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Aluminum-silicon alloys are the most important commercial aluminum casting alloys, primarily because of their superior casting characteristics. This article discusses the effect of hot isostatic pressing on the mechanical properties of cast aluminum alloy A356. The effect of low-cost Densal hot-isostatic pressing is also examined. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, EW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Bldg 2188,M-S 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 49 IS 11 BP 38 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11837-997-0009-4 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 114QQ UT WOS:000075620700011 ER PT J AU Shinohara, YT Tasker, SA AF Shinohara, YT Tasker, SA TI Successful use of boric acid to control azole-refractory Candida vaginitis in a woman with AIDS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. RP Shinohara, YT (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT PHARM & INTERNAL MED,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 219 EP 220 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YH657 UT WOS:A1997YH65700013 PM 9390576 ER PT J AU Edwards, A Dwight, DN Rao, MV Ridgway, MC Kelner, G Papanicolaou, N AF Edwards, A Dwight, DN Rao, MV Ridgway, MC Kelner, G Papanicolaou, N TI Compensation implants in 6H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTATION; TECHNOLOGY; LAYERS; GAAS; INP AB In this work, we have performed Si and C isoelectronic implantations in n-type and vanadium (V) implantations inp-type 6H-SiC to obtain highly resistive regions. The compensation is achieved by the lattice damage created by the Si and C implantations and the chemically active nature of the V implant. For the Si and C implantations, the as-implanted resistivity initially increased with increasing implant fluence due to the introduction of compensating levels caused by the lattice damage, then decreased at higher fluences due to hopping conduction of the trapped carriers. The resistivity of the Si and C implanted material has been measured after isochronal heat treatments over the temperature range of 400-1000 degrees C. The maximum resistivity values measured for Si and C implanted and heat treated material were similar to 10(12) Ohm cm. For the 700 degrees C V implantation in p-type SiC, resistivities of > 10(12) Ohm cm were measured after 1500 or 1600 degrees C annealing to activate the V implant. Redistribution of the V implant is observed after annealing. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(97)04220-5]. C1 AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,DEPT ELECT MAT ENGN,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Edwards, A (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. RI Ridgway, Mark/D-9626-2011 OI Ridgway, Mark/0000-0002-0642-0108 NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 9 BP 4223 EP 4227 DI 10.1063/1.366226 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YE458 UT WOS:A1997YE45800015 ER PT J AU Meier, RR Anderson, GP Cantrell, CA Hall, LA Lean, J Minschwaner, K Shetter, RE Shettle, EP Stamnes, K AF Meier, RR Anderson, GP Cantrell, CA Hall, LA Lean, J Minschwaner, K Shetter, RE Shettle, EP Stamnes, K TI Actinic radiation in the terrestrial atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SCHUMANN-RUNGE BANDS; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE PHOTOLYSIS; ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; BIOLOGICALLY EFFECTIVE UV; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; RELATIVE QUANTUM YIELDS; MOUNT-PINATUBO ERUPTION AB Actinic radiation originating from the Sun drives the photochemistry of the Earth's atmosphere. Surprisingly few measurements have been made of this terrestrial forcing agent which is responsible for such anthropogenically critical issues as the production and loss of atmospheric ozone. This paper describes the status of our knowledge of actinic radiation throughout the middle and lower atmosphere with the goal of summarizing progress to date and identifying future requirements. The focus is mainly on radiation, with wavelengths between 170 and 400 nm, but does include other UV radiation which is deposited in the middle atmosphere. Topics are covered in their natural order, beginning with the solar spectral irradiance above the atmosphere, its transmission through the atmosphere, the component which is multiply scattered, UV radiation reaching the biosphere, and direct measurements of photolysis rates. Concluding remarks include recommendations for additional research. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Phillips Lab, Opt Phys Div, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Meier, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meier@uap.nrl.navy.mil RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 352 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 59 IS 17 BP 2111 EP 2157 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(97)00047-3 PG 47 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YN459 UT WOS:000071170700001 ER PT J AU Brook, I Frazier, EH AF Brook, I Frazier, EH TI The aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of perirectal abscesses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; MANAGEMENT; SEPSIS; COCCI AB The microbiology of perirectal abscesses in 144 patients was studied, Aerobic or facultative bacteria only were isolated in 13 (9%) instances, anaerobic bacteria only were isolated in 27 (19%) instances, and mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora were isolated in 104 (72%) instances, A total of 325 anaerobic and 131 aerobic or facultative isolates were recovered (2.2 anaerobic isolates and 0.9 aerobic isolates per specimen), The predominant anaerobes were as follows:Bacteroides fragilis group (85 isolates), Peptostreptococcus spp, (72 isolates), Prevotella spp. (71 isolates), Fusobacterium spp, (21 isolates), Porphyromonas spp. (20 isolates), and Clostridium spp, (15 isolates), The predominant aerobic and facultative bacteria were as follows: Staphylococcus aureus (34 isolates), Streptococcus spp, (28 isolates), and Escherichia coli (19 isolates), These data illustrate the polymicrobial aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of perirectal abscesses. C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USN,MED CTR,DEPT INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NR 16 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2974 EP 2976 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YD173 UT WOS:A1997YD17300051 PM 9350771 ER PT J AU Longo, DL Glatstein, E Duffey, PL Young, RC Ihde, DC Bastian, AW Wilson, WH Wittes, RE Jaffe, ES Hubbard, SM DeVita, VT AF Longo, DL Glatstein, E Duffey, PL Young, RC Ihde, DC Bastian, AW Wilson, WH Wittes, RE Jaffe, ES Hubbard, SM DeVita, VT TI Alternating MOPP and ABVD chemotherapy plus mantle-field radiation therapy in patients with massive mediastinal Hodgkin's disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; STAGE-I; INVOLVEMENT; RISK; RADIOTHERAPY; MANAGEMENT; TRIAL AB Purpose: To evaluate Pine efficacy and toxicity of mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP)/doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy plus mantle-field radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with massive mediastinal Hodgkin's disease of any stage. Patients and Methods: Eighty patients presented with Hodgkin's disease and a mediastinal mass greater than one third the greatest chest diameter on chest radiograph. Patients were staged and treated with MOPP alternated with ABVD chemotherapy for a total of six cycles. patients then received 10 Gy mantle-field radiation therapy delivered to the original extent of disease followed by 25 to 35 Gy to the residual abnormalities. Results: The complete response (CR) rate was 89%, With a median follow-up duration of 10 years, disease-free survives of the complete responders is 78% at 15 )rears and overall survival is 75% at 15 years, For patients with stage I or II disease, disease-free survival was 76% at 15 years and overall survival was 79%; for those with stage III or IV disease, disease-free survival was 82% at 15 years and overall survival was 64%. age, stage, sew, B symptoms, number of extranodal sites, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelet count did net influence treatment outcome, Treatment-related pneumonitis was noted in 16% of patients (fatal in one), mainly in those alder than age 35 years who received total doses of radiation therapy greater than 42 Gy, Fertility is more often preserved with MOPP/ABVD therapy than with MOPP chemotherapy and there appears to be less pulmonary and cardiac disease than with ABVD chemortherapy, Two patients have developed second solid tumors within radiation ports and one relapsed patient developed acute leukemia after MOPP salvage therapy. Conclusion: MOPP/ABVD followed by mantle-field radiation therapy is an effective treatment for all stages of Hodgkin's disease that present with a large mediastinal mass, Our data suggest that the large mediastinal mass is a more dominant determinant of prognosis than Ann arbor stage or other clinical prognostic factors. C1 USN,MED ONCOL BRANCH,RADIAT ONCOL BRANCH,MED BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20084. NCI,PATHOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 15 IS 11 BP 3338 EP 3346 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YE015 UT WOS:A1997YE01500007 PM 9363863 ER PT J AU Antonell, MJ Abernathy, CR Krishnamoorthy, V Gedridge, RW Haynes, TE AF Antonell, MJ Abernathy, CR Krishnamoorthy, V Gedridge, RW Haynes, TE TI Thermal stability of heavily tellurium-doped InP grown by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Low Energy Processes in Electronic Materials, at the 1997 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 11-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP TMS, Electr Magnet & Photon Mat Div, Thin Films & Interfaces Comm DE annealing; InP; lattice strain; secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS); thermal stability ID CARBON; GAAS; DOPANTS AB The thermal stability of tellurium in InP has been examined in samples doped with Te up to an electron concentration of 1.4 x 10(20) cm(-3). Annealing was conducted using rapid thermal annealing for a period of one minute at temperatures over the range 650-800 degrees C. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis showed virtually no change in the Te profile before and after annealing, even at the highest annealing temperatures. High resolution x-ray diffraction and Hall measurements revealed a general decrease in the lattice strain and carrier concentration for annealing temperatures above 650 degrees C. No evidence of strain relief was found in the form of cross-hatching or through the formation of a dislocation network as examined by scanning electronmicroscopy or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These results are most likely due to the formation of Te clusters, though such clusters could not be seen by cross-sectional TEM. C1 USN,CTR WEAP,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RP Antonell, MJ (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. RI Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1283 EP 1286 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0071-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA YF910 UT WOS:A1997YF91000006 ER PT J AU Eddy, CR Glembocki, OJ Leonhardt, D Shamamian, VA Holm, RT Thoms, BD Butler, JE Pang, SW AF Eddy, CR Glembocki, OJ Leonhardt, D Shamamian, VA Holm, RT Thoms, BD Butler, JE Pang, SW TI Gallium arsenide surface chemistry and surface damage in a chlorine high density plasma etch process SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Low Energy Processes in Electronic Materials, at the 1997 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 11-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP TMS, Electr Magnet & Photon Mat Div, Thin Films & Interfaces Comm DE Fermi level; ion-driven surface chemistry; mass spectrometry surface passivation ID MODULATED ION-BEAM; GAAS; PHOTOREFLECTANCE AB In an effort to monitor ion-driven surface chemistry in the high density plasma etching of GaAs by Cl-2/Ar plasma chemistries, we have applied mass spectrometry and careful substrate temperature control. Etch product chlorides were mass analyzed while the substrate temperature was monitored by optical bandgap thermometry and as pressure (neutral flux), microwave power (ion flux) and rf bias of the substrate (ion energy) were varied. By ensuring that the substrate temperature does not deviate during process variations, the changes in product mass peak intensities are a direct measure of changes in the ion-assisted surface chemistry which promotes anisotropic etching. Experimental results show that ion-assisted surface chemistry is optimum when sufficient Cl and Cl+ are present in the incident plasma near, These conditions are met at low coupled microwave powers (<300 W) and low total process pressures (<1.0 mTorr) for input gas mixtures of 25% Cl-2 in Ar. Three mechanistic regions are identified for surface chemistry as a function of incident ion energy: 1) largely thermal chemistry for <50 eV; 2) ion-assisted chemistry for 50-200 eV; and 3) sputtering for >200 eV, Photoreflectance measurements of the surface Fermi level show significant damage for ion energies >75 eV. However, in situ and ex situ surface passivations can recover the surface Fermi level for up to 200 eV ion energies, in good correlation to the onset of sputtering and subsurface damage. Thus, anisotropic, low damage pattern transfer is possible for ion energies between 50 and 200 eV. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, ATLANTA, GA 30303 USA. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), USN, RES LAB, CODE 6671, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Pang, Stella/A-7770-2012 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Pang, Stella/0000-0002-4330-0877 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1320 EP 1325 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0078-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA YF910 UT WOS:A1997YF91000013 ER PT J AU Webb, DF Kahler, SW McIntosh, PS Klimchuck, JA AF Webb, DF Kahler, SW McIntosh, PS Klimchuck, JA TI Large-scale structures and multiple neutral lines associated with coronal mass ejections SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREE MAGNETIC-FIELDS; X-RAY TELESCOPE; HELMET STREAMER; SOLAR-FLARES; RECONNECTION; EVOLUTION; ENERGY; DISRUPTION; REGIONS; EVENTS AB We use Yohkoh soft X-ray telescope (SXT) images of eruptive events visible against the solar disk to examine the coronal structures and the boundaries of the large-scale magnetic fields considered to be involved in coronal mass ejections (CMEs). From an initial List of about 100 large-scale events we selected five for detailed study. The transient X-ray structures in these events spanned distances across the solar surface ranging from 35 to > 100 heliographic degrees, comparable to the spans of white light CMEs observed at the limb. The widths of the coronal loop arcades spanned two or three neutral lines, or a single, highly convoluted neutral line. Our interpretation of these results is that multipolar magnetic systems are a common configuration of the source fields of many CMES, contrary to the first-order approximation that CMEs involve the eruption of simple, bipolar structures. C1 USN, RES LAB, EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. HELIOSYNOPT INC, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA. BOSTON COLL, INST SCI RES, NEWTON CTR, MA USA. RP Webb, DF (reprint author), PHILLIPS LAB, GPSS, 29 RANDOLPH RD, HANSCOM AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 62 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 102 IS A11 BP 24161 EP 24174 DI 10.1029/97JA01867 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YE924 UT WOS:A1997YE92400014 ER PT J AU Ertugrul, N RodriguezBarradas, MC Musher, DM Ryan, MAK Agin, CS Murphy, SJ Shayegani, M Watson, DA AF Ertugrul, N RodriguezBarradas, MC Musher, DM Ryan, MAK Agin, CS Murphy, SJ Shayegani, M Watson, DA TI BOX-polymerase chain reaction-based DNA analysis of nonserotypeable Streptococcus pneumoniae implicated in outbreaks of conjunctivitis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium and Workshop on Hospital Hygiene and Hospital Infection Control CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL IZMIR, TURKEY ID CELL-WALL; PNEUMOCOCCI; STRAINS AB Nonserotypeable isolates predominate in epidemic conjunctivitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Previous evaluations of outbreaks of pneumococcal conjunctivitis have relied on epidemiologic factors and the nontypeability of the isolates to infer that a single clone was involved, In the present study, BOX-polymerase chain reaction DNA analysis was used to characterize nonserotypeable S. pneumoniae isolated by conjunctival culture during a recent conjunctivitis outbreak and to compare these isolates with those from outbreaks described earlier, The recent outbreak was caused by a single pneumococcal clone, Outbreaks in separate parts of the United States in 1980-1981 were all caused by the same clone, Cluster analysis revealed a high degree of genetic relatedness among isolates causing conjunctivitis compared with that among other nonserotypeable S. pneumoniae, with the closest relatedness being found among the 1996 and 1980-1981 conjunctival isolates. C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,INFECT DIS SECT MS111G,MED SERV,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL,GALVESTON,TX 77550. USN HOSP,DEPT MED,GREAT LAKES,IL. USN HOSP,DEPT LAB MED,GREAT LAKES,IL. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR LABS & RES,ALBANY,NY 12201. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 176 IS 5 BP 1401 EP 1405 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YD809 UT WOS:A1997YD80900040 PM 9359748 ER PT J AU Maas, WE Merwin, LH Cory, DG AF Maas, WE Merwin, LH Cory, DG TI Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of solid rocket propellants at 14.1 T SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID NMR AB Proton NMR images of solid propellant materials, consisting of a polybutadiene binder material filled with 82% solid particles, have been obtained at a magnetic field strength of 14.1 T and at a resolution of 8.5 x 8.5 mu m. The images are the first of elastomeric materials obtained at a proton frequency of 600 MHz and have the highest spatial resolution yet reported, The images display a high contrast and are rich in information content, They reveal the distribution of individual filler particles in the polymer matrix as well as a thin polymer film of about 10-30 mu m which is found to surround some of the larger filler particles. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 Bruker Analyt Syst Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, NW14 4111, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Maas, WE (reprint author), Bruker Analyt Syst Inc, 19 Fortune Dr, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00995]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R0I-GM52026] NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 129 IS 1 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1006/jmre.1997.1253 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA YN261 UT WOS:000071149200013 PM 9405222 ER PT J AU Tillman, HJ Salyer, J Corley, MC Mark, BA AF Tillman, HJ Salyer, J Corley, MC Mark, BA TI Environmental turbulence staff nurse perspectives SO JOURNAL OF NURSING ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY; SUBUNITS; HOSPITALS; DESIGN; TASK; WORK; CARE C1 VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,SCH NURSING,DEPT NURS SYST COMMUNITY & PSYCH MENT HLTH NURS,RICHMOND,VA 23284. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,SCH NURSING,DEPT ADULT HLTH NURSING,RICHMOND,VA 23284. RP Tillman, HJ (reprint author), USN,NURSE CORPS,WASHINGTON,DC 20374, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-0443 J9 J NURS ADMIN JI J. Nurs. Adm. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 27 IS 11 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1097/00005110-199711000-00005 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA YF750 UT WOS:A1997YF75000005 PM 9372803 ER PT J AU Marangolo, M Quere, F Bellin, C Loupias, G Moscovici, J Rabii, S Erwin, S Herold, C Mareche, JF Lagrange, P AF Marangolo, M Quere, F Bellin, C Loupias, G Moscovici, J Rabii, S Erwin, S Herold, C Mareche, JF Lagrange, P TI Momentum density in K4C60 and C-60 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fullerene 96 Conference CY JUL 07-10, 1996 CL KEBLE COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND HO KEBLE COLL DE fullerenes; electron density; inelastic scattering; synchrotron radiation ID COMPTON-SCATTERING; ELECTRONIC DISTRIBUTION AB Compton scattering measurements have been demonstrated to provide an accurate check of valence electron densities of solids, in the electronic ground-state. Experiments are carried out on powder samples of K4C60 using 19.9 keV monochromatic beam provided by the synchrotron facility at LURE, Orsay. For comparison, C-60 powder was measured in same experimental conditions. A negative contribution in the momentum range [1,16] a.u. in the K4C60-C-60 profile, which is impossible in a rigid-band approach, evidences the modifications of C-60 valence electronic density in the K4C60 compound. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Paris 06, LMCP, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris Sud, LURE, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 12, LPMD, F-94010 Creteil, France. Univ Penn, Dept Elect Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Nancy 1, LCSM, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Nancy, France. RP Marangolo, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LMCP, 4 Pl Jussieu,Case 115, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Quere, Fabien/F-2638-2014 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 1997 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1877 EP 1879 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(97)00087-5 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YR586 UT WOS:000071510100040 ER PT J AU Moore, FG McInville, RM Housh, C AF Moore, FG McInville, RM Housh, C TI Methods for distributing semiempirical, nonlinear, aerodynamic loads on missile components SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB New methodology has been added to the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, Aeroprediction code to permit the distribution of the local linear and nonlinear aerodynamic loads along the body length and over the wing and tail lifting surfaces, The new techniques extend to both the Phi = 0 and 45 deg roll positions and to both windward and leeward lifting surfaces in the 45-deg roll orientation. The local loads are integrated to get the distribution of the shear and bending moments for use in structural analysis and design. Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics computations for a wing-body-tail missile configuration were used in the development of these extensions of the code and in validating their effectiveness, In general, good agreement with total force and moment experimental data and the computational fluid dynamics results is obtained. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Weap Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Airframe Ordnance & Prop Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Aeromech Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Moore, FG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Weap Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 34 IS 6 BP 744 EP 752 DI 10.2514/2.3305 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YQ067 UT WOS:000071344200008 ER PT J AU Collins, MD McDonald, BE Kuperman, WA Siegmann, WL AF Collins, MD McDonald, BE Kuperman, WA Siegmann, WL TI Jovian acoustic matched-field processing SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID COMET SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9; JUPITER; IMPACT; LOCALIZATION; OCEAN AB Evidence of waves has been observed in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact sites [H. B. Hammel et al., ''HST imaging of atmospheric phenomena created by the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9,'' Science 267, 1288-1296 (1995)], The radius of a ring that appears near the fragment G impact site is consistent with an acoustic wave and increases with time. This feature cannot be explained in terms of a naive plane-wave model because it appears to expand at a rate that is slower than the speed associated with its radius. This behavior can be explained in terms of multipath propagation in the sound channel. According to this hypothesis, acoustic waves corresponding to different group speeds followed paths that passed in and out of the relatively thin debris layer in which the feature appears. Matched-field processing for the depth of the source indicates that the fragment G explosion must have occurred deep in the water clouds if the ring indeed corresponds to an acoustic wave. (C) 1997 Acoustical Society of America. C1 SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,TROY,NY 12180. RP Collins, MD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 102 IS 5 BP 2487 EP 2493 DI 10.1121/1.420303 PN 1 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA YG922 UT WOS:A1997YG92200001 ER PT J AU Sullivan, EJ Candy, JV AF Sullivan, EJ Candy, JV TI Space-time array processing: The model-based approach SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SYNTHETIC APERTURE; SPECIAL ISSUE; TOWED ARRAY; OCEAN AB A method of space-time array processing is introduced that is based on the model-based approach. The signal and measurement systems are placed into state-space form, thereby allowing the unknown parameters of the model, such as signal bearings, to be estimated by an extended Kalman filter. A major advantage of the model-based approach is that there is no inherent limitation to the degree of sophistication of the models used, and therefore it can deal with other than plane-wave models, such as cylindrically or spherically spreading propagation models, as well as more sophisticated representations such as the normal mode and the parabolic equation propagation models. Since the processor treats the parameters of interest as unknown parameters to be estimated, there is no explicit beamformer structure, and therefore no accuracy limitations such as fixed beam bin sizes and predetermined number of preformed beams. After a theoretical exposition of the underlying theory, the performance of the processor is evaluated with synthesized data sets. The results indicate that the method is a highly effective approach that is capable of significantly outperforming conventional array processors. (C) 1997 Acoustical Society of America. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Sullivan, EJ (reprint author), USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,CODE 82101,NEWPORT,RI 02841, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 102 IS 5 BP 2809 EP 2820 DI 10.1121/1.420337 PN 1 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA YG922 UT WOS:A1997YG92200036 ER PT J AU Sorrells, T Pratt, L Newton, J Graham, S Ryan, M AF Sorrells, T Pratt, L Newton, J Graham, S Ryan, M TI Spontaneous regression of granulomatous mycosis fungoides in an HIV positive patient SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL LYMPHOMA; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SARCOIDOSIS; INFECTION; DISEASE; TYPE-1; AIDS; SKIN AB The development of mycosis fungoides in HIV-positive patients is uncommon. We describe the granulomatous type of mycosis fungoides in an HIV-positive patient whose cutaneous lesions regressed without treatment. In addition to HIV seropositivity and mycosis fungoides, he had a long history of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Immunophenotyping of the cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates revealed a predominance of CD4+ T cells, and monoclonality was demonstrated by T-cell gene rearrangement studies. The regression of mycosis fungoides in this patient was associated with a falling peripheral blood CD4 T-cell count. C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT DERMATOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20350. USN,MED CTR,DEPT INFECT DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20350. RP Sorrells, T (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20350, USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 SU S BP 876 EP 880 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(97)80016-3 PN 2 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YF413 UT WOS:A1997YF41300015 PM 9366857 ER PT J AU Paul, BF Hutter, JW AF Paul, BF Hutter, JW TI The endodontic-periodontal continuum revisited: New insights into etiology, diagnosis and treatment SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION; LASER-DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; FREEZE-DRIED BONE; DENTAL-PULP; ROOT CANALS; HUMAN TEETH; ATTACHMENT; INFECTION; VITALITY; DISEASE AB For many decades, investigators have conducted studies of the interrelationship between endodontics and periodontics. This review article examines previously held concepts regarding the endodontic-periodontal continuum in light of new research and explores promising advances in understanding etiology and in diagnosis and treatment. C1 USN,DENT CORPS,BETHESDA,MD 20084. BOSTON UNIV,GOLDMAN SCH DENT MED,DEPT ENDODONT,ADV SPECIALTY EDUC PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA. RP Paul, BF (reprint author), USN,SCH DENT,NATL NAVAL DENT CTR,8901 WISCONSIN AVE,BETHESDA,MD 20889, USA. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 128 IS 11 BP 1541 EP 1548 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YE453 UT WOS:A1997YE45300017 PM 9368439 ER PT J AU Lee, I Finnegan, SA AF Lee, I Finnegan, SA TI Prediction of shock response of pyrotechnic mixtures from thermal analysis SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE autoignition; pyrotechnic mixtures; shock initiation AB The thermal behavior of metal, oxide, and oxidizer mixtures, some with fluorine compound additions, has been studied in order to examine the influence of thermal properties on the initiation conditions for chemical reaction of pyrotechnic powders under dynamic loading conditions. The autoignition energies of the mixtures obtained from thermal analyses were compared with shock initiation energies, determined from planar shock measurements. Although some mixtures showed an approximate equivalency between the energies obtained from the two different experiments, the experimental results indicated that any comparison should be made with great care. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div, Res & Technol Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Lee, I (reprint author), Aerospace Corp, Vehicle Syst Div, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-4466 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 50 IS 5-6 BP 707 EP 717 DI 10.1007/BF01979201 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA YT191 UT WOS:000071574600001 ER PT J AU Perkins, FK Marrian, CRK Peckerar, MC AF Perkins, FK Marrian, CRK Peckerar, MC TI Novel technique for improving pattern placement in membrane mask making SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID BEAM AB Pattern placement errors pose a serious problem in the manufacture of masks for proximity x-ray lithography. Many of these errors are attributable to long term drifts in beam position relative to external fiducials. To address this problem we have developed a technique based on through-the-membrane monitoring of the electron beam position. This technique uses as a detector a reverse biased Schottky diode with high bandwidth and gain. In use this detector is mounted near the back surface of the membrane. An accurately patterned overlayer on the detector provides the fiducial reference. The overlayer is designed to modulate the electron-hole pair current generated in the diode by absorbing the incident beam. Position information is obtained by analyzing the image created from recording the digitized diode current during patterning. The phase in a Fourier transform of the data at the spatial frequency of the patterned absorber gives a measure of the position of the incident beam. Changes in the observed phase from one frame to the next can then be used to correct position errors of the beam in real time. We report results from tests of various components of this system. Initial results indicate that the system will be sufficiently fast and accurate for use in pattern placement correction for 130 nm ground rule mask production. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perkins, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6800, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2218 EP 2223 DI 10.1116/1.589617 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100064 ER PT J AU Dobisz, EA Brandow, SL Snow, E Bass, R AF Dobisz, EA Brandow, SL Snow, E Bass, R TI Atomic force microscope studies of nanolithographic exposure and development of polymethylmethacrylate SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; RESIST AB Atomic force microscopy was employed to study e-beam exposure and pattern development of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in molecular weights (MWs) of 950 and 50 K. The work focuses on the development of dense high resolution patterns. PMMA was found to have a nodular morphology with an average particle diameter of similar to 53 nm. Submersion of unexposed PMMA in both water and mixtures of isopropanol (IPA) and 0-33% methylisobutylketone (MIBK) did not change the surface morphology. IPA mixtures with greater than or equal to 50% MIBK roughened the surface. Latent images of exposed resist were consistent with Monte Carlo simulations. The particle size limited the ability to resolve a 40 nm grating. A pillar type morphology was observed between the lines in the 40 nm period grating in 950 K MW PMMA developed in 25% and 50% MIBK. The particle size was not reduced in 50 K MW PMMA. In fact, the ability to define a 40 nm grating in 50 K molecular weight PMMA was worse. Patterns of large pads and 100 nm grating's did not exhibit the pillar morphology nor a difference in morphology between the two molecular weight resists. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dobisz, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2318 EP 2322 DI 10.1116/1.589637 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100084 ER PT J AU Dobisz, EA Marrian, CRK AF Dobisz, EA Marrian, CRK TI Control in sub-100 nm lithography in SAL-601 SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; PROXIMITY CORRECTION; RESIST; SYSTEM AB This article focuses on e-beam nanolithography in SAL-601, a negative tone, chemically amplified resist from the Shipley Corporation. It examines the role of exposure conditions and the postexposure bake (FEB) on the ability to define features of critical dimensions of 100 nm and below. Lithography was performed with a 50 kV e beam and 140 nm thick resist, where forward scattering of the e beam is expected to be minimal. Common FEB conditions of 105 degrees C for 1, 3, and 10 min and 110 degrees C for 1 min were investigated. Although the different FEB conditions produced a factor of up to 2.4x increase in sensitivity, no change was observed in the contrast, 5.8+/-0.1, or the minimum linewidths, similar to 60 nm. The measured line spread function forward Gaussian widths were characterized by standard deviations, sigma=27-33 nm, depending on FEB conditions. These are compared to a of 19 nm for PMMA and the expected a of 11 nm for the incident probe (sigma=10 nm) convoluted with a Monte Carlo code generated point spread function. The measured backscatter coefficient was 0.51, in agreement with our Monte Carlo simulation results. In the analysis of dose latitude to form critical dimension gaps (+/-10% precision) between a series of pads of differing sizes, the different FEB conditions produced no observed difference. The feature size, however, had a large effect on the ability to form the critical dimension gap. Furthermore, the dose latitude was much smaller than calculated by integration of Monte Carlo derived line spread functions. A semiempirical model is introduced in which the forward Gaussian width of a measured line spread function (LSF) in developed resist is convoluted with the Monte Carlo code LSF. The calculated exposure profiles based on the semiempirical LSF show much better agreement with the experiment than those based on the expected, sigma=11 nm, forward Gaussian width. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dobisz, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2327 EP 2331 DI 10.1116/1.589639 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100086 ER PT J AU Wang, W Chang, C Ma, D Peckerar, M Berry, I Goldsman, N Melngailis, J AF Wang, W Chang, C Ma, D Peckerar, M Berry, I Goldsman, N Melngailis, J TI Self-aligned subchannel implant complementary metal-oxide semiconductor devices fabrication SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID GATE TECHNOLOGY; SI AB High-speed and low-power complementary metal-oxide semiconductor devices with subchannel implants have been proposed and demonstrated recently. In subchannel implant devices, the alignment of the gate and the buried implant region is a critical issue. In this article, a fully self-aligned gate and subchannel implant fabrication method is proposed using either focused-ion-beam or conventional ion implantation. This method defines the gate and produces the subchannel implant in the same step. By doing this, the buried implant region and gate are automatically aligned. By exposing the resist with a Bf ion beam, we verified that the dose needed to produce the subchannel implant matches the dose needed to expose the resist (10(13) ion/cm(2)). We have simulated the implant profile and the expected device performance. The subthreshold current was found to be decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude. Since the process requires implantation through the gate oxide, capacitors were built over the gate oxide for C-V measurement and implanted over a range of doses. Proper postimplantation treatment has been developed to prevent increasing of the interface state density. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Microelect Res Labs, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Wang, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2816 EP 2820 DI 10.1116/1.589734 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100181 ER PT J AU Benson, AJ Guedry, FE Parker, DE Reschke, MF AF Benson, AJ Guedry, FE Parker, DE Reschke, MF TI Microgravity vestibular investigations: Perception of self-orientation and self-motion SO JOURNAL OF VESTIBULAR RESEARCH-EQUILIBRIUM & ORIENTATION LA English DT Article DE perception; weightlessness; self-motion; self-orientation ID GRAVITY AB Four astronauts experienced passive whole-body rotation in a number of test sessions during a 7-day orbital mission, Pitch (Y-axis) and roll (X-axis) rotation required subject orientations on the rotator in which the otolith system was at radius of 0.5 m, Thus subjects experienced a constant -0.22 G(z) stimulus to the otoliths during the 60 s constant-velocity segments of "pitch" and "roll" ramp profiles, The G(z) stimulus, a radius-dependent vector ranging from -0.22 G(z) at the otoliths to +0.36 G(z) at the feet, generated sensory information that was not interpreted as inversion in any of the 16 tests carried out in flight (12 in pitch and 4 in roll orientation), None of the subjects was rotated with head off-center during the first 33 h of the mission, In the state of orbital adaptation of these subjects, a -0.22 G(z) otolith stimulus did not provide a vertical reference in the presence of a gradient of +G(z) stimuli to the trunk and legs. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RAF Sch Aviat Med, Farnborough, Hants, England. Univ W Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Space Biomed Res Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Parker, DE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Box 357923, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0957-4271 J9 J VESTIBUL RES-EQUIL JI J. Vestib. Res.-Equilib. Orientat. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 453 EP 457 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA YT404 UT WOS:000071599500004 PM 9397395 ER PT J AU Mery, S Lotzsch, D Heppke, G Shashidhar, R AF Mery, S Lotzsch, D Heppke, G Shashidhar, R TI Antiferroelectric and ferrielectric liquid crystalline low molar mass materials and polymers SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID LARGE SPONTANEOUS POLARIZATION; SIDE-CHAIN POLYMERS; CHIRAL SMECTIC PHASES; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURES; TRIANGULAR WAVES; ASTERISK PHASE; X-RAY; POLYSILOXANES; MESOPHASES; MHPOBC AB Novel liquid crystalline Low Molecular Mass (LMM) materials bearing two chiral lactate groups, as well as compounds of like structure to MHPOBC have been synthesized. All the LMM compounds exhibit the SmCA* (antiferroelectric) and/or SmCY* (ferrielectric) phases. The mesogens have been incorporated as pendant groups on polymer backbones of three different natures to prepare side chain liquid crystalline copolysiloxanes, homopolysiloxanes and homopolyacrylates. The investigation of the polymers by means of miscibility studies showed that the antiferro- and ferri-electric phases are strongly destabilized in the coposiloxanes and homopolysiloxanes, while in the homopolyacrylates a large temperature range mesophase is found to be miscible with the SmCA* phase. The physical properties of the mesophases and their stability, both for the LMM materials and the polymers, are presented and discussed. C1 USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. TECH UNIV BERLIN,D-10623 BERLIN,GERMANY. OI MERY, Stephane/0000-0001-8410-8729 NR 54 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 23 IS 5 BP 629 EP 644 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA YC563 UT WOS:A1997YC56300002 ER PT J AU Nagarajan, R Aoki, K Chattopadhyay, K AF Nagarajan, R Aoki, K Chattopadhyay, K TI Synthesis of nanodispersed phases during rapid solidification and crystallization of glasses in Ti75Ni25 alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METALLIC GLASSES; FREE-ENERGY; NI ALLOYS; STABILITY; KINETICS; FE AB The formation of the metallic glass and crystalline phases and related microstructures and the decomposition behavior of rapidly solidified Ti75Ni25 alloys obtained under different processing conditions have been investigated in detail. The competition between glass transition and nucleation of beta-Ti during rapid solidification leads to the possibility of synthesizing the nanocomposites of beta-Ti and glass. Additionally, it is shown that the presence of a small amount of Si also promotes simultaneous nucleation of fine Ti2Ni intermetallic compound. Thermodynamic calculation of the metastable phase diagram indicates the presence of a metastable eutectic reaction between alpha-Ti and Ti2Ni. Evidence of this reaction at lower cooling rates has been presented. On heating, the glass decomposes through this reaction. Finally, on the basis of understanding of the microstructural evolution during decomposition, a new approach has been adopted to synthesize a nanodispersed composite of alpha-Ti in the crystalline Ti2Ni matrix with a narrow size distribution by controlling the devitrification heat treatment of the metallic glass. C1 KITAMI INST TECHNOL, DEPT MAT SCI, KITAMI, HOKKAIDO 090, JAPAN. INDIAN INST SCI, DEPT MET, BANGALORE 560012, KARNATAKA, INDIA. RP USN, POSTGRAD SCH, DEPT MECH ENGN, MONTEREY, CA 93943 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2223 EP 2232 DI 10.1007/s11661-997-0180-9 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YF928 UT WOS:A1997YF92800006 ER PT J AU McNulty, PAF AF McNulty, PAF TI Prevalence and contributing factors of eating disorder behaviors in active duty Navy men SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Association-of-Military-Surgeons-of-the-United-States CY NOV, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Assoc Mil Surgeons US AB Eating disorders have been widely studied among civilian women and among select groups of men (athletes and wrestlers). Gross disturbances in eating behaviors characterize the conditions of anorexia nervosa (AN), currently seen among 1 to 2% of non-active duty women. Bulimia nervosa (BN) is prevalent among 2% of the female population, and both disorders have a female-to-male ratio of 10:1. Another category of eating disorders known as not otherwise specified (NOS) occurs in between 3 and 35% of the population according to the reported literature. This study examined the prevalence of AN, BN, and NOS among a large sample of active duty Navy men. Multiple military, professional, and behavioral variables were analyzed to promote an increased understanding and awareness of these disorders among active duty men. This was a descriptive, correlational study among 4,800 Navy men targeted from hospitals, clinics, and ships at sea. Anonymous surveys were returned by 28% of prospective subjects (N = 1,425), The study revealed a prevalence of 2.5% for AN, 6.8% for BN, and 40.8% for NOS among active duty Navy men. AN and BN existed without difference among all active duty men regardless of rank/rate, job assignment, or age. Use of laxatives, diuretics, diet pills, vomiting, and fasting for standards increased during the body measurement and fitness periods, but year-round use of these methods existed at disturbing rates. Multiple logistic regression analysis predicted several factors that might predict the manifestation of eating disorders in this population of active duty members. RP McNulty, PAF (reprint author), USN,MED CTR,DEPT NURSING SERV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134, USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 162 IS 11 BP 753 EP 758 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YD465 UT WOS:A1997YD46500012 PM 9358723 ER PT J AU Jamur, MC Siraganian, RP Oliver, C AF Jamur, MC Siraganian, RP Oliver, C TI Culture of immunomagnetically isolated mouse bone marrow derived mast cells SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FED PARANA,BR-80060000 CURITIBA,PARANA,BRAZIL. NIDR,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. OFF NAVAL RES,ARLINGTON,VA. RI Jamur, Maria Celia/L-5520-2016 OI Jamur, Maria Celia/0000-0001-7065-8543 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 2007 EP 2007 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601999 ER EF